be_v a_o robber_n and_o that_o be_v the_o first_o act_n whereas_o if_o these_o have_v continue_v in_o his_o service_n thereafter_o they_o have_v be_v hang_v notwithstanding_o of_o both_o his_o command_n and_o know_v severity_n see_v how_o soon_o they_o know_v he_o to_o be_v a_o robber_n they_o shall_v have_v desert_v his_o service_n and_o by_o the_o 19_o chap._n num_fw-la 9_o stat_fw-la will._n the_o servant_n be_v punishable_a though_o he_o obey_v his_o master_n if_o he_o do_v not_o desert_v his_o master_n or_o desert_n his_o service_n in_o lesser_a crime_n the_o command_n of_o the_o master_n excuse_v altogether_o l._n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n aquil_a vi_o the_o command_n also_o of_o a_o rather_o excuse_v the_o son_n in_o lesser_a but_o not_o in_o atrotious_a crime_n except_o other_o favourable_a circumstance_n concur_v and_o thus_o john_n rae_n be_v not_o put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n because_o he_o be_v young_a and_o have_v concur_v in_o the_o theft_n at_o the_o command_n of_o his_o father_n 1._o january_n 1662._o all_o which_o be_v most_o full_o treat_v by_o menoch_n de_fw-fr arbitr_n cas._n 353._o and_o i_o find_v in_o our_o law_n that_o a_o wife_n be_v liable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a punishment_n though_o she_o obey_v her_o husband_n in_o commit_v atrocious_a crime_n stat._n will._n cap._n 19_o num_fw-la 8._o from_o which_o i_o conclude_v that_o by_o the_o same_o statute_n she_o have_v not_o be_v liable_a in_o lesser_a crime_n vii_o the_o assister_n be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o the_o crime_n by_o our_o law_n and_o assistance_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o doctor_n be_v various_o punish_v for_o these_o who_o give_v assistance_n before_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v be_v punishable_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o the_o committer_n l._n nihil_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n cor._n the_o siccar_n nihil_fw-la interest_n occidat_fw-la quis_fw-la a_o causam_fw-la mortis_fw-la praebeat_fw-la but_o this_o conclusion_n hold_v only_o where_o the_o assister_n know_v not_o that_o the_o assistance_n he_o give_v tend_v to_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o crime_n which_o knowledge_n be_v not_o presume_v but_o must_v be_v prove_v this_o conclusion_n also_o hold_v only_o where_o the_o assistance_n do_v influence_n the_o crime_n immediate_o but_o not_o in_o remote_a assistance_n such_o as_o the_o lend_n of_o arm_n for_o remote_a assistance_n be_v only_o punishable_a paena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la menoch_n de_fw-fr arbitr_n case_z 349._o assistance_n give_v during_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o crime_n be_v also_o punishable_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o principal_a crime_n except_o the_o assistance_n give_v be_v very_o remote_a or_o that_o the_o assister_n be_v ignorant_a as_o if_o one_o shall_v assist_v a_o person_n to_o drive_v away_o cattle_n which_o the_o driver_n say_v to_o be_v his_o own_o cattle_n it_o be_v here_o resolve_v by_o the_o doctor_n that_o he_o who_o be_v in_o arm_n upon_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v be_v repute_v a_o assister_n if_o he_o stand_v very_o near_o the_o place_n and_o be_v a_o know_a enemy_n to_o the_o person_n kill_v or_o a_o know_a friend_n to_o the_o committer_n and_o have_v no_o business_n else_o in_o that_o place_n at_o that_o time_n or_o if_o the_o invader_n wax_v bold_a or_o the_o person_n invade_v weak_a by_o their_o presence_n but_o if_o these_o or_o such_o like_a circumstance_n concur_v not_o a_o mere_a by_o slander_n be_v not_o art_n and_o part_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o it_o be_v decide_v in_o the_o case_n of_o john_n mackintosh_n that_o naked_a presence_n be_v not_o accession_n si_fw-la navabat_fw-la operam_fw-la rei_fw-la licitae_fw-la as_o the_o assist_v a_o messenger_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o baxter_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o the_o tumult_n in_o anno_fw-la 1666._o at_o which_o time_n nuda_fw-la assistentia_fw-la be_v not_o find_v punishable_a and_o it_o be_v so_o ordinary_a for_o people_n to_o run_v together_o where_o noise_n or_o confusion_n be_v and_o the_o assistance_n be_v ofttimes_o too_o advantageous_a either_o to_o relieve_v the_o weak_a or_o to_o separate_v and_o red_a as_o we_o say_v both_o party_n that_o if_o be_v unfit_a i_o as_o well_o as_o unjust_a to_o punish_v mere_a bystander_n but_o this_o depend_v upon_o many_o circumstance_n &_o est_fw-la quastio_fw-la arbitria_fw-la addit_fw-la ad_fw-la cl._n quest_n 90._o num_fw-la 17._o yet_o i_o will_v advise_v the_o red_a or_o assister_n to_o cry_v that_o he_o intend_v to_o do_v no_o prejudice_n to_o either_o party_n or_o not_o to_o interest_n himself_o except_o he_o be_v know_v to_o be_v very_o neutral_a these_o who_o keep_v the_o clothes_n or_o baggage_n of_o the_o committer_n be_v guilty_a of_o assistance_n joh._n de_fw-fr annan_n as_o be_v these_o also_o who_o hinder_v other_o to_o rescue_v the_o person_n invade_v assistance_n give_v after_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v scarce_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o assistance_n as_o bartol_n observe_v ad_fw-la l._n 3._o §_o 51._o quisquam_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la sillan_n and_o therefore_o the_o law_n of_o milan_n do_v only_o inflict_v a_o pecuniary_a mulct_n in_o this_o case_n as_o menoch_n observe_v case_z 349._o and_o i_o have_v see_v the_o council_n inflict_v only_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n upon_o he_o who_o assist_v to_o make_v the_o escape_n of_o a_o person_n who_o have_v recent_o commit_v a_o murder_n but_o in_o general_a i_o approve_v bartol_n doctrine_n who_o think_v that_o whether_o the_o help_n and_o assistance_n be_v give_v before_o the_o commit_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o commission_n or_o after_o it_o yet_o the_o assister_n be_v punishable_a as_o the_o chief_a actor_n if_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o crime_n be_v resolve_v upon_o by_o both_o at_o the_o beginning_n and_o before_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v &_o ita_fw-la spes_fw-la data_fw-la auxilii_fw-la ad_fw-la evadendum_fw-la dicitur_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la maleficium_fw-la committendum_fw-la bartol_n ad_fw-la l._n furti_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr furto_fw-la else_o the_o crime_n be_v not_o punishable_a in_o he_o who_o assist_v only_o after_o it_o be_v commit_v as_o severe_o as_o in_o the_o chief_a actor_n but_o the_o doctor_n do_v not_o distinguish_v here_o whether_o the_o crime_n will_v have_v be_v commit_v by_o the_o principal_a party_n though_o the_o assister_n have_v deny_v their_o help_n yet_o do_v this_o lessen_v the_o assister_n guilt_n though_o it_o do_v not_o distinguish_v it_o clar._n quest_n 90._o num_fw-la 7._o and_o so_o lessen_v the_o punishment_n in_o many_o case_n viii_o the_o ratify_v a_o crime_n be_v not_o punishable_a according_a to_o the_o doctor_n in_o crime_n which_o be_v chief_o commit_v to_o satisfy_v the_o lust_n of_o the_o offender_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v ratify_v the_o adultery_n commit_v by_o another_o mere_o to_o affront_v the_o husband_n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o doctor_n think_v that_o the_o ratifier_n may_v be_v punish_v arbitrar_o but_o the_o ratify_a crime_n which_o be_v chief_o commit_v to_o offend_v other_o as_o murder_n theft_n etc._n etc._n be_v punishable_a if_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v by_o the_o actor_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o ratifier_n and_o if_o the_o ratifier_n know_v it_o be_v commit_v in_o his_o name_n when_o he_o do_v ratify_v it_o but_o except_o these_o two_o concur_v lawyer_n think_v that_o the_o ratifier_n be_v not_o punishable_a and_o yet_o in_o the_o general_n the_o approve_v or_o own_v crime_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o ill_a example_n and_o therefore_o punishable_a in_o some_o degree_n by_o the_o example_n of_o that_o excellent_a law_n l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la §_o qui_fw-la abortionis_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la by_o our_o custom_n ratification_n or_o ratihabition_n of_o a_o crime_n as_o we_o call_v it_o fall_v not_o proper_o under_o art_n and_o part_n no_o more_o then_o under_o the_o general_a word_n auxilium_fw-la except_o the_o ratifier_n have_v do_v some_o deed_n or_o be_v in_o some_o accession_n to_o what_o be_v do_v before_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v as_o be_v find_v in_o mackintosh_n case_n 11._o june_n 1673._o for_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o infer_v a_o crime_n from_o any_o word_n approve_v the_o deed_n it_o be_v most_o ordinar_n for_o man_n to_o say_v it_o be_v well_o bestow_v or_o i_o be_o glad_a when_o they_o heat_n of_o the_o murder_n of_o he_o who_o they_o will_v not_o have_v kill_v as_o bart._n observe_n and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v punishable_a by_o our_o law_n which_o punish_v only_o either_o the_o crime_n itself_o or_o these_o who_o be_v art_n and_o part_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o when_o the_o laird_n of_o assint_fw-la be_v pursue_v as_o accessary_a to_o the_o murder_n of_o montrose_n in_o swa_o far_o as_o he_o have_v at_o least_o ratihabit_v the_o crime_n have_v vaunt_v that_o he_o have_v take_v he_o prisoner_n at_o his_o own_o house_n &_o jactatio_fw-la &_o gloriatio_fw-la
be_v so_o silly_a or_o may_v be_v in_o such_o haste_n or_o so_o confound_v and_o the_o best_a be_v subject_n to_o such_o mistake_n as_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v know_v when_o he_o be_v innocent_a simplicity_n may_v ofttimes_o become_v a_o crime_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o offend_v may_v occasion_v offence_n and_o how_o uncomfortable_o will_v the_o people_n live_v if_o they_o know_v not_o how_o to_o be_v innocent_a whereas_o on_o the_o other_o part_n it_o may_v be_v represent_v that_o there_o be_v some_o crymes_n which_o can_v be_v determine_v as_o to_o all_o degree_n of_o guilt_n such_o as_o be_v the_o misrepresent_v the_o government_n which_o may_v be_v do_v so_o cautious_o and_o in_o such_o various_a and_o different_a way_n as_o can_v be_v specify_v in_o any_o statute_n 2._o if_o the_o misconstruct_v the_o government_n be_v a_o great_a guilt_n certain_o what_o tend_v to_o it_o must_v be_v punishable_a to_o some_o proportion_n 3._o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o all_o disorder_n shall_v be_v punish_v and_o sure_o it_o be_v a_o great_a prejudice_n to_o the_o government_n that_o such_o insinuation_n or_o tendency_n shall_v escape_v unpunished_a and_o as_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n there_o be_v many_o action_n which_o have_v no_o definit_a and_o distant_a name_n but_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o actiones_fw-la in_o factum_fw-la and_o that_o there_o be_v actiones_fw-la utiles_fw-la arise_v from_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o statute_n as_o well_o as_o directae_fw-la which_o arise_v from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n so_o in_o criminal_a there_o be_v action_n arise_v from_o the_o parity_n of_o reason_n or_o at_o least_o which_o infer_v guilt_n in_o some_o degree_n be_v sustain_v with_o we_o tanquam_fw-la crimina_fw-la in_o svo_fw-la genere_fw-la 4._o the_o do_v what_o may_v tend_v to_o misconstruct_v or_o raise_v jealousy_n be_v express_o declare_v punishable_a by_o the_o 60._o act_n 6._o par._n q._n m._n whereby_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o such_o as_o sow_v evil_a report_n tend_v through_o raise_v such_o rumour_n to_o stir_v the_o heart_n of_o the_o people_n to_o sedition_n and_o by_o the_o 9_o act_n 20._o par._n i._n 6._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o by_o the_o former_a law_n every_o thing_n be_v declare_v punishable_a which_o tend_v to_o sedition_n and_o dissension_n among_o the_o people_n and_o if_o endeavour_n be_v punishable_a much_o more_o ought_v tendency_n since_o tendency_n be_v express_a deed_n nor_o have_v the_o judge_n more_o latitude_n nor_o be_v he_o more_o arbitrary_a here_o than_o he_o and_o the_o inquest_n both_o be_v in_o judge_v what_o be_v art_n and_o part_n for_o that_o be_v determine_v by_o no_o law_n and_o because_o it_o can_v not_o be_v determine_v therefore_o a_o lybel_n found_v upon_o art_n and_o part_n in_o general_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v sustain_v as_o relevant_a by_o our_o statute_n v._o what_o person_n may_v be_v punish_v or_o be_v capable_a to_o commit_v crymes_n will_v be_v clear_a by_o determine_v what_o person_n be_v not_o capable_a and_o whether_o a_o minor_a may_v be_v punish_v for_o a_o crime_n be_v controvert_v among_o the_o doctor_n and_o for_o clear_v of_o the_o difficulty_n we_o must_v distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o crime_n as_o be_v commit_v by_o contrivance_n &_o dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la and_o in_o these_o a_o minor_a be_v to_o be_v punish_v if_o the_o dole_n can_v be_v prove_v l._n un_fw-fr god_n si_fw-la adversus_fw-la dotem_fw-la the_o sum_n of_o which_o law_n be_v that_o ubi_fw-la minor_n deliquit_fw-la per_fw-la dolum_fw-la restitutio_fw-la non_fw-la procedit_fw-la sed_fw-la ubi_fw-la per_fw-la culpam_fw-la ibi_fw-la subvenitur_fw-la ei_fw-la per_fw-la restitutionem_fw-la 2._o in_o crymes_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n such_o as_o murder_n a_o minor_a be_v liable_a though_o not_o to_o the_o ordinar_n punishment_n but_o in_o mere_o statutory_a crymes_n such_o as_o usury_n forestalling_a of_o mercat_n etc._n etc._n he_o be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v punish_v except_o ubi_fw-la malitia_fw-la supplet_fw-la aetatem_fw-la which_o because_o it_o be_v not_o presumable_a shall_v not_o therefore_o be_v infer_v but_o from_o very_o pregnant_a and_o convince_a probation_n and_o see_v art_n in_o all_o crime_n seem_v to_o require_v judgement_n and_o contrivance_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o though_o the_o crime_n itself_o be_v punishable_a in_o minor_n yet_o art_n and_o part_n shall_v not_o see_v that_o in_o effect_n depend_v upon_o act_n of_o the_o judgement_n wherein_o minor_n may_v be_v mistake_v because_o of_o their_o fragility_n and_o less_o age_n and_o thus_o john_n rae_n be_v not_o put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n for_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o theft_n because_o he_o be_v not_o the_o principal_a committer_n but_o go_v alongst_o with_o his_o father_n and_o be_v not_o pass_v twelve_o year_n of_o age_n 1._o january_n 1662._o 3._o though_o a_o minor_a be_v punishable_a where_o he_o be_v pubertati_fw-la proximus_fw-la yet_o he_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v more_o meek_o and_o thus_o the_o viscount_n of_o frendraught_n be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n for_o be_v accessary_a to_o the_o away-taking_a and_o private_a imprisonment_n of_o gregory_n though_o this_o be_v a_o statutory_a crime_n and_o thus_o midlton_n and_o machan_n be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n 26._o of_o august_n 1612._o and_o the_o 9_o of_o march_n 1671._o it_o be_v find_v after_o a_o most_o contentious_a debate_n that_o two_o boy_n the_o young_a whereof_o be_v not_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n for_o cast_v down_o of_o a_o house_n at_o their_o father_n command_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o act_n be_v not_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n criminal_a as_o murder_v or_o bestiality_n but_o its_o guilt_n depend_v upon_o circumstance_n which_o minor_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o know_v as_o if_o the_o house_n belong_v to_o their_o father_n of_o which_o they_o be_v inform_v and_o so_o be_v not_o guilty_a there_o be_v some_o crymes_n also_o wherein_o minor_n may_v be_v punish_v and_o be_v repute_v major_n per_fw-la fictionem_fw-la juris_fw-la according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o lawyer_n such_o as_o fornication_n adultery_n sodomy_n &_o omne_fw-la delicta_fw-la carnis_fw-la because_o the_o guilt_n there_o consist_v in_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o not_o in_o a_o contrivance_n and_o so_o minor_n may_v be_v equal_o guilty_a of_o these_o crime_n with_o major_n yet_o i_o differ_v from_o these_o doctor_n in_o this_o for_o since_o the_o commit_v these_o crime_n may_v be_v occasion_v by_o levity_n and_o vacillancy_n of_o judgement_n in_o minor_n and_o see_v furious_a person_n will_v not_o at_o all_o be_v punish_v for_o such_o crime_n i_o do_v think_v the_o age_n be_v somewhat_o to_o be_v consider_v even_o in_o these_o case_n and_o that_o minor_n be_v not_o to_o be_v as_o severe_o punish_v as_o major_n see_v they_o be_v not_o of_o so_o solid_a a_o judgement_n as_o these_o be_v i_o find_v lib._n 3._o reg._n maj._n c._n 32._o §_o 15._o and_o in_o annot_n 100_o vers_fw-la 3._o c._n 41._o lib._n 2._o that_o a_o minor_a be_v not_o oblige_v to_o answer_v for_o any_o crime_n by_o which_o he_o may_v loss_n life_n or_o limb_n and_o a_o case_n be_v there_o cite_v betwixt_o his_o majesty_n and_o the_o abbot_n of_o parbroth_n annot_n c._n 13._o v._n 12._o and_o skeen_n cite_v for_o this_o l._n pen._n c._n de_fw-fr autorit_fw-fr tut_o &_o l._n 1._o §_o occisorum_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la §_o c._n sillan_n &_o cap._n 2._o the_o delict_n pver_fw-la extrav_fw-mi the_o reason_n seem_v to_o be_v because_o a_o minor_a may_v be_v pursue_v whilst_o he_o be_v minor_a omit_v some_o defence_n competent_a to_o he_o and_o since_o a_o minor_a be_v not_o oblige_v to_o debate_v de_fw-fr haereditate_fw-la paterna_fw-la whilst_o he_o be_v minor_a much_o less_o shall_v he_o be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v in_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n ubi_fw-la calore_fw-la juvenili_fw-la potest_fw-la dicere_fw-la vel_fw-la tacere_fw-la quod_fw-la ei_fw-la nocere_fw-la potest_fw-la so_o that_o it_o seem_v that_o albeit_o a_o minor_a may_v be_v punish_v for_o several_a crymes_n commit_v by_o he_o when_o he_o be_v minor_a yet_o be_v he_o not_o oblige_v to_o answer_v for_o any_o till_o he_o be_v major_a but_o yet_o in_o the_o viscount_n of_o frendraucht_n case_n it_o be_v find_v that_o a_o minor_a be_v oblige_v to_o answer_v to_o a_o indictment_n even_o during_o his_o minority_n but_o whether_o a_o minor_a confess_v will_v be_v restore_v against_o his_o confession_n be_v full_o debate_v in_o the_o title_n confession_n vi_o such_o as_o commit_v any_o crime_n whilst_o they_o sleep_v be_v compare_v to_o infant_n l._n si_fw-la servus_n §_o si_fw-la fornicarius_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n aquiliam_fw-la and_o therefore_o they_o be_v
that_o these_o who_o blaspheme_n in_o jest_n be_v to_o be_v less_o severe_o punish_v and_o that_o rusticity_n mitigat_n the_o ordinary_a punishment_n in_o this_o case_n but_o gothofredus_n be_v as_o to_o the_o last_o of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n because_o rusticity_n excuse_v not_o from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n much_o less_o of_o god_n but_o they_o may_v be_v reconcile_v thus_o that_o open_a gross_a blasphemy_n be_v equal_o punishable_a in_o both_o but_o not_o consequential_a and_o indirect_a blasphemy_n as_o if_o a_o countryman_n shall_v err_v in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o trinity_n which_o some_o remote_a high-lander_n be_v so_o ignorant_a of_o as_o not_o to_o know_v those_o shall_v rather_o be_v pity_v then_o punish_v except_o they_o add_v obstinacy_n to_o blasphemy_n vid._n cabal_n case_z 296._o iv._o the_o punishment_n of_o blasphemy_n be_v death_n by_o the_o law_n nou._n 77._o by_o the_o canon_n law_n public_a repentance_n for_o the_o first_o fault_n and_o the_o stand_n at_o the_o church_n door_n with_o a_o infamous_a mitre_n or_o paper_n hat_n for_o a_o relapse_n v._o by_o our_o act_n 21._o sess._n 1._o par._n 1._o c._n 2._o blasphemy_n railer_n against_o god_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o bless_a trinity_n shall_v be_v likewise_o punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o obstinate_o continue_v therein_o from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o this_o crime_n can_v only_o be_v try_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o therefore_o not_o before_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o regality_n though_o they_o have_v equal_a power_n as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v 2._o distraction_n be_v only_o except_v here_o so_o ignorance_n passion_n rusticity_n or_o raillery_n excuse_v not_o nam_fw-la exceptio_fw-la firmat_n regulam_fw-la in_o non_fw-la exceptis_fw-la and_o yet_o these_o may_v excuse_v from_o the_o ordinar_n punishment_n in_o some_o circumstance_n but_o be_v never_o defence_n against_o the_o relevancy_n 3._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v why_o the_o deny_v god_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o holy_a trinity_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o continue_v obstinate_a therein_o and_o yet_o the_o rail_n upon_o or_o curse_v god_n or_o the_o trinity_n be_v simple_o punishable_a without_o obstinacy_n and_o the_o difference_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o curse_v or_o rail_v against_o god_n can_v proceed_v from_o ignorance_n but_o argue_v malice_n whereas_o the_o deny_v god_n attribute_n or_o the_o trinity_n may_v proceed_v from_o ignorance_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o with_o we_o a_o person_n who_o shall_v call_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o god_n or_o the_o messiah_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o a_o blasphemer_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n think_v he_o can_v not_o and_o therefore_o james_n nailor_n be_v only_o scourge_v for_o this_o crime_n yet_o i_o think_v he_o can_v be_v reach_v by_o our_o foresay_a act_n as_o a_o person_n who_o rail_v upon_o god_n and_o the_o trinity_n for_o to_o make_v ourselves_o equal_a with_o they_o be_v to_o rail_v against_o and_o vilify_v they_o vi_o curse_v of_o parent_n viz._n father_n or_o mother_n but_z no_z other_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n if_o they_o be_v pass_v sixteen_o or_o arbitrar_o if_o they_o be_v below_o sixteen_o and_o above_o punishable_a with_o tit_n parricid_n act_n 20._o par._n 1._o sess._n 1._o ch._n 2._o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v by_o the_o 38._o act_n 1._o par._n ch._n 2._o to_o punish_v such_o as_o curse_v and_o swear_v profane_o and_o exact_v from_o a_o noble_a man_n twenty_o mark_n a_o baron_n twenty_o mark_n a_o gentle_a man_n heretor_fw-la or_o burges_n ten_o mark_n a_o yeoman_n forty_o shilling_n a_o servant_n twenty_o shilling_n a_o minister_n the_o five_o part_n of_o his_o steipend_n and_o the_o husband_n must_v pay_v his_o wife_n fine_a ergo_fw-la regulariter_fw-la the_o husband_n be_v not_o liable_a for_o the_o wife_n fine_a if_o there_o be_v no_o warrant_n therefore_o by_o statute_n by_o the_o 16._o act_n 5._o par._n q._n m._n the_o swear_v abominable_a oath_n be_v to_o be_v fine_v but_o that_o act_n be_v only_o temporary_a by_o the_o 103._o act_n par._n 7._o i._o swearer_n and_o blasphemer_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o magistrate_n and_o if_o they_o fail_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n notà _fw-la by_o this_o act_n that_o woman_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v in_o penal_a statute_n conform_v to_o their_o blood_n and_o their_o husband_n quality_n that_o be_v to_o say_v conform_v to_o their_o blood_n if_o unmarried_a or_o to_o their_o husband_n quality_n if_o marry_v and_o therefore_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o these_o woman_n who_o have_v precedency_n according_a to_o their_o birth_n though_o marry_v as_o a_o earl_n daughter_n when_o marry_v to_o a_o gentle_a man_n or_o those_o who_o have_v precedency_n by_o a_o patent_n above_o their_o husband_n quality_n shall_v not_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o their_o precedency_n though_o marry_v the_o justice_n do_v in_o may_n 1671._o fine_a a_o woman_n in_o dumfreis_n in_o 500_o mark_n for_o drink_v the_o devil_n health_n but_o do_v not_o find_v it_o blasphemy_n title_n iv._o haeresy_n 1_o the_o definition_n of_o heresy_n 2_o whether_o invocation_n of_o spirit_n be_v heresy_n 3_o the_o punishment_n of_o heresy_n 4_o jesuit_n and_o traffic_a priest_n how_o punish_v 5_o the_o specialty_n ontroduce_v in_o punish_v this_o crime_n heresy_n be_v commit_v when_o a_o christian_a own_v pertinatious_o error_n condemn_v by_o the_o church_n i_o say_v when_o a_o christian_n own_a they_o because_o pagan_n and_o mahumetan_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o heretic_n simancas_n de_fw-fr haereti_fw-la cap._n 31._o num_fw-la 3._o for_o these_o be_v enemy_n to_o our_o faith_n in_o general_n and_o err_v not_o in_o particular_a point_n of_o it_o i_o say_v who_o err_v pertinatious_o because_o such_o as_o err_v ignorant_o or_o as_o have_v err_v perverse_o do_v not_o pertinatious_o adhere_v to_o their_o error_n be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v heretic_n and_o this_o repentance_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v any_o time_n even_o after_o sentence_n to_o stop_v the_o execution_n carer_n fol._n 642._o except_o they_o have_v relapse_v in_o their_o heresy_n for_o their_o second_o fall_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v off_o by_o repentance_n but_o though_o their_o repentance_n secure_v they_o against_o death_n in_o the_o first_o fall_n yet_o the_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n igneus_fw-la in_o l._n ff_o ad_fw-la sillan_n cook_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi ii_o though_o some_o make_v the_o adoration_n and_o invocation_n of_o spirit_n to_o be_v heresy_n yet_o other_o do_v more_o judicious_o determine_v that_o if_o these_o devil_n be_v invock_v to_o reveal_v thing_n to_o come_v than_o that_o invocation_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o heresy_n for_o that_o be_v to_o attribute_v omniscience_n to_o the_o devil_n which_o be_v one_o of_o god_n attribute_n but_o if_o the_o devil_n be_v invock_v for_o a_o particular_a end_n or_o interest_n such_o as_o that_o he_o may_v learn_v the_o invocker_n how_o to_o prevail_v with_o a_o mistress_n or_o how_o to_o gain_v a_o prince_n favour_n in_o these_o case_n the_o invocker_n be_v not_o to_o be_v call_v a_o heretic_n clarus_n §_o haeresis_fw-la num_fw-la 25._o but_o neither_o do_v that_o distinction_n please_v i_o for_o such_o as_o invock_n the_o devil_n be_v not_o proper_o heretic_n especial_o if_o they_o have_v renounce_v their_o baptism_n for_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o call_v they_o heretic_n who_o not_o only_o err_v in_o the_o faith_n but_o have_v renounce_v the_o faith_n entire_o and_o as_o pagan_n be_v not_o heretic_n because_o they_o worship_v false_a god_n so_o neither_o shall_v they_o who_o worship_v the_o devil_n and_o these_o who_o have_v renounce_v their_o baptism_n for_o they_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o these_o who_o be_v never_o baptize_v iii_o the_o punishment_n of_o heresy_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n be_v to_o be_v burn_v and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o delinquent_n movable_n clar._n num_fw-la 13._o but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n heretic_n be_v only_o to_o be_v burn_v if_o they_o will_v not_o abjure_v by_o our_o law_n heresy_n be_v in_o the_o first_o instance_n try_v by_o the_o church_n and_o the_o secular_a power_n do_v not_o meddle_v to_o condemn_v heretic_n till_o they_o be_v first_o condemn_v by_o the_o church_n ja._n 1._o par._n 2._o act._n 28._o in_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o bishop_n shall_v inquire_v into_o heresy_n and_o if_o they_o be_v find_v that_o they_o be_v punish_v as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o holy_a kirk_n require_v and_o if_o it_o master_n that_o secular_a power_n be_v call_v in_o support_n and_o help_v of_o holy_a kirk_n from_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a first_o that_o the_o kirk_n be_v judge_n to_o heresy_n in_o
thou_o and_o believe_v in_o thou_o but_o by_o the_o journal_n book_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o ordinary_a form_n oâ—_n express_v paction_n confess_v by_o our_o witness_n be_v a_o simple_a promise_n to_o serve_v he_o tacit_fw-la paction_n be_v either_o when_o a_o person_n who_o have_v make_v no_o express_a paction_n use_v the_o word_n or_o sign_n which_o sorcerer_n use_v know_v they_o to_o be_v such_o either_o by_o their_o book_n or_o discourse_n and_o this_o be_v condemn_v as_o sorcery_n can._n 26._o quest_n 5._o and_o be_v relevant_a to_o infer_v the_o crime_n of_o witchcraft_n or_o to_o use_v these_o word_n and_o sign_n though_o the_o user_n know_v they_o not_o to_o be_v such_o and_o this_o be_v no_o crime_n if_o the_o ignorance_n be_v probable_a and_o if_o the_o user_n be_v content_a to_o abstain_v delrio_n lib._n 2._o quest_n 4._o vi_o renounce_v of_o baptism_n be_v by_o delrio_n make_v a_o effect_n of_o paction_n yet_o with_o we_o it_o be_v per_fw-la se_fw-la relevant_a as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o former_a procel_n of_o margaret_n hutchison_n and_o the_o solemnity_n confess_v by_o our_o witch_n be_v the_o put_v one_o hand_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n and_o another_o to_o the_o sole_a of_o the_o foot_n renounce_v their_o baptism_n in_o that_o posture_n delrio_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o devil_n use_v to_o baptise_v they_o of_o new_a and_o to_o wipe_v off_o their_o brow_n the_o old_a baptism_n and_o our_o witch_n confess_v always_o the_o give_v they_o new_a name_n which_o be_v very_o ridiculous_a as_o red-shank_n sergeant_n etc._n etc._n vii_o the_o devil_n mark_v use_v to_o be_v a_o great_a article_n with_o we_o but_o it_o be_v not_o per_fw-la se_fw-la find_v relevant_a except_o it_o be_v confess_v by_o they_o that_o they_o get_v that_o mark_n with_o their_o own_o consent_n quo_fw-la casu_fw-la it_o be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o paction_n this_o mark_n be_v give_v they_o as_o be_v allege_v by_o a_o nip_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o it_o be_v blue_a delrio_n call_v it_o stigma_fw-la or_o character_n lib._n 2._o quest_n 4._o and_o allege_n that_o it_o be_v sometime_o like_o the_o impression_n of_o a_o hare_n foot_n or_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o rat_n or_o spider_n l._n 5._o sect._n 4._o numb_a 28._o some_o think_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a there_o can_v be_v any_o mark_n which_o be_v insensible_a and_o will_v not_o bleed_v for_o all_o thing_n that_o live_v must_v have_v blood_n and_o so_o this_o place_n behove_v both_o to_o be_v dead_a and_o alive_a at_o once_o and_o behove_v to_o live_v without_o aliment_n for_o blood_n be_v the_o aliment_n of_o the_o body_n but_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o conceive_v that_o the_o devil_n may_v make_v a_o place_n insensible_a at_o a_o time_n or_o may_v apply_v thing_n that_o may_v squeeze_v out_o the_o blood_n this_o mark_n be_v discover_v among_o we_o by_o a_o pricker_n who_o trade_n it_o be_v and_o who_o learn_v it_o as_o other_o trade_n but_o this_o be_v a_o horrid_a cheat_n for_o they_o allege_v that_o if_o the_o place_n bleed_v not_o or_o if_o the_o person_n be_v not_o sensible_a he_o or_o she_o be_v infallible_o a_o witch_n but_o as_o delrio_n confess_v it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o know_v any_o such_o mark_n à _fw-la nevo_fw-la clavo_fw-la vel_fw-la impertigine_fw-la naturali_fw-la and_o there_o be_v many_o piece_n of_o dead_a flesh_n which_o be_v insensible_a even_o in_o live_a body_n and_o a_o villain_n who_o use_v this_o trade_n with_o we_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1666._o apprehend_v for_o other_o villainy_n do_v confess_v all_o this_o trade_n to_o be_v a_o mere_a cheat_n viii_o threaten_v to_o do_v mischief_n if_o any_o evil_a follow_v immediate_o have_v be_v too_o ordinary_o find_v a_o relevant_a article_n to_o infer_v witchcraft_n with_o we_o thus_o agnes_n finnie_n be_v pursue_v in_o anno_fw-la 1643._o upon_o the_o general_a article_n of_o have_v witch_v several_a person_n and_o particular_o for_o these_o article_n 1._o that_o william_n fairlie_n have_v nickname_v and_o call_v she_o annie_n winnie_n she_o swear_v in_o rage_n he_o shall_v go_v halt_v home_o and_o within_o 24._o hour_n he_o take_v a_o palsy_n 2._o that_o beatrix_n nisbit_n refuse_v to_o pay_v the_o say_a agnes_n the_o annualrent_a of_o two_o dollar_n owe_v by_o hector_n nisbit_n her_o father_n she_o tell_v she_o she_o shall_v repent_v it_o and_o within_o a_o hour_n thereafter_o she_o lose_v her_o tongue_n and_o the_o power_n of_o her_o right_a side_n 3._o that_o janet_n greintoun_n have_v refuse_v to_o carry_v away_o two_o herring_n she_o have_v buy_v from_o the_o say_v agnes_n and_o to_o pay_v for_o they_o she_o tell_v she_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o last_o meat_n she_o shall_v eat_v and_o within_o a_o little_a after_o she_o fall_v sick_a against_o which_o article_n it_o be_v there_o allege_v that_o this_o libel_n be_v not_o relevant_a and_o can_v not_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n 1._o because_o no_o mean_n be_v condescend_v upon_o from_o which_o the_o witchcraft_n be_v infer_v and_o if_o this_o libel_n be_v relevant_a it_o will_v be_v relevant_a to_o libel_v general_o that_o the_o panel_n be_v a_o witch_n 2._o assizer_n be_v only_a judge_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o not_o to_o what_o consist_v in_o jure_fw-la but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o if_o this_o libel_n be_v to_o pass_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n all_o the_o debate_n in_o jure_v behove_v to_o be_v before_o the_o assize_n before_o who_o the_o panel_n procurator_n behove_v to_o debate_v how_o far_o minae_fw-la &_o damnum_fw-la secutum_fw-la be_v relevant_a and_o how_o far_o any_o person_n be_v punishable_a as_o a_o witch_n though_o no_o charm_n or_o other_o mean_v common_o use_v by_o witch_n be_v condescend_v upon_o and_o as_o to_o the_o threaten_n they_o be_v not_o relevant_a see_v they_o have_v not_o all_o the_o requisit_n which_o be_v express_v by_o the_o doctor_n as_o requisite_a for_o they_o be_v not_o specific_a bear_v the_o promise_n to_o do_v a_o particular_a ill_n as_o that_o fairlie_n shall_v take_v a_o palsy_n or_o nisbit_n lose_v her_o tongue_n 2._o there_o be_v not_o a_o precede_a reason_n of_o enmity_n prove_v nor_o be_v it_o probable_a that_o for_o so_o small_a a_o matter_n as_o a_o herring_n or_o the_o annualrent_a of_o two_o dollar_n she_o will_v have_v kill_v any_o person_n and_o expose_v herself_o to_o hazard_v nor_o be_v the_o effect_n immediate_a nor_o such_o as_o can_v not_o have_v proceed_v from_o any_o other_o natural_a cause_n without_o all_o which_o have_v concur_v delrio_n lib._n 5._o sect_n 3._o be_v very_o clear_a that_o minae_fw-la etiam_fw-la cum_fw-la damno_fw-la secuto_fw-la be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o presumption_n but_o though_o all_o these_o do_v concur_v it_o be_v very_o clear_a both_o from_o delrio_n ibid._n and_o farin_n quest_n 5._o num_fw-la 37._o that_o all_o these_o threaten_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o infer_v the_o crime_n of_o witchcraft_n last_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o some_o of_o these_o person_n die_v of_o a_o natural_a disease_n depend_v upon_o cause_n precede_v that_o threaten_n notwithstanding_o of_o all_o which_o the_o libel_n be_v find_v relevant_a and_o she_o be_v burn_v but_o i_o think_v this_o decision_n very_o hard_o and_o very_o contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o receive_a writer_n who_o think_v that_o albeit_o minae_fw-la be_v adminiculatae_fw-la with_o all_o the_o former_a advantage_n &_o probatae_fw-la de_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la solet_fw-la minas_fw-la exequi_fw-la yet_o the_o same_o be_v only_o sufficient_a to_o infer_v a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n not_o corporal_n but_o pecuniary_a and_o certain_o such_o a_o wicked_a custom_n as_o threaten_v be_v in_o itself_o a_o crime_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v only_o well_o find_v to_o be_v crimen_fw-la in_o svo_fw-la genere_fw-la in_o the_o process_n lead_v against_o katherine_n oswald_n novemb_n 11._o 1629._o ix_o sometime_o article_n be_v libel_v wherein_o the_o malefice_fw-la have_v no_o dependence_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o mean_v use_v and_o thus_o it_o be_v libel_v against_o margaret_n hutchison_n august_n 20._o 1661._o that_o john_n clark_n wife_n be_v sick_a she_o come_v to_o the_o bed_n side_n when_o all_o the_o door_n and_o window_n be_v fast_o and_o comb_v her_o head_n several_a night_n and_o the_o last_o of_o these_o night_n she_o come_v to_o the_o bed_n side_n and_o put_v her_o hand_n to_o the_o woman_n pape_n whereupon_o the_o child_n die_v which_o article_n be_v find_v relevant_a per_fw-la se._n and_o it_o be_v libel_v against_o janet_n cock_n september_n 7._o 1661._o that_o a_o woman_n call_v spindie_n be_v at_o enmity_n with_o she_o she_o give_v she_o a_o cuff_n whereupon_o spindie_n immediate_o distract_v and_o be_v reprove_v therefore_o by_o the_o minister_n of_o
proportionable_a to_o the_o violence_n offer_v by_o the_o aggressor_n and_o so_o exceed_v not_o moderamen_fw-la inculpatae_fw-la tutelae_fw-la for_o the_o say_a panel_n strike_v not_o he_o with_o any_o mortal_a weapon_n but_o only_o give_v he_o a_o thrust_n with_o his_o hand_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o throw_v the_o defunct_a off_o he_o upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n sustain_v the_o libel_n only_o to_o infer_v paenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la and_o remit_v also_o the_o panel_n defence_n of_o casual_a homicide_n self-defence_n and_o that_o the_o wound_n be_v not_o mortal_a to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o inquest_n xi_o it_o be_v here_o controvert_v whether_o he_o who_o intend_v to_o kill_v one_o by_o a_o mistake_n kill_v not_o he_o but_o another_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o murderer_n see_v as_o to_o the_o person_n kill_v the_o murderer_n have_v no_o design_n yet_o i_o think_v he_o shall_v die_v see_v the_o design_n of_o kill_v a_o man_n and_o not_o any_o one_o particular_a man_n be_v murder_n and_o the_o killer_n intend_v to_o deface_v god_n almighty_n image_n and_o to_o take_v from_o the_o king_n a_o subject_a and_o i_o find_v that_o this_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v murder_n by_o bolton_n cap._n 11._o num_fw-la 24._o by_o who_o likewise_o it_o be_v give_v as_o a_o rule_n nihil_fw-la interest_n utrum_fw-la quis_fw-la occidat_fw-la a_o acausam_fw-la mortis_fw-la prabeat_fw-la and_o thus_o a_o son_n for_o have_v carry_v his_o father_n be_v sick_a in_o a_o frosty_a night_n from_o one_o town_n to_o another_o be_v execute_v as_o a_o murderer_n because_o the_o father_n die_v and_o a_o harlot_n have_v expose_v her_o child_n in_o a_o orchard_n where_o a_o kite_n kill_v it_o be_v execute_v as_o a_o murderer_n also_o &_o ibi_fw-la volunt_fw-la as_o reputatur_fw-la pro_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o if_o this_o be_v not_o murder_n this_o crime_n may_v be_v palliate_v under_o other_o shape_n this_o defence_n viz._n that_o the_o killer_n have_v no_o design_n to_o murder_n be_v a_o negative_a and_o so_o can_v only_o be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o deadly_a fead_z former_o among_o the_o party_n 2._o if_o the_o party_n be_v kinsman_n or_o intimat_n 3._o if_o the_o killer_n strike_v with_o a_o staff_n have_v a_o sword_n or_o pistol_n or_o have_v these_o strike_v only_o with_o the_o hilt_n of_o his_o sword_n or_o with_o the_o head_n of_o his_o pistol_n and_o general_o it_o be_v rather_o presume_v to_o be_v homicidium_fw-la culposom_n then_o dolosum_fw-la &_o premeditatum_fw-la nam_fw-la nunquam_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la dolus_fw-la by_o our_o law_n slaughter_n and_o murder_n do_v of_o old_a differ_v as_o homicidium_fw-la simplex_fw-la &_o premeditatum_fw-la in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o murder_v only_o commit_v as_o we_o call_v it_o upon_o forethought_a felony_n be_v only_o proper_o call_v murder_n and_o punish_v as_o such_o k._n ja._n par._n 3._o cap._n 1._o where_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o murder_n be_v to_o be_v capital_o punish_v but_o chaudmella_n or_o slaughter_v commit_v upon_o sudden_o shall_v only_o be_v punishable_a according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n vid._n act_n 95.96_o par._n 6._o ja._n 1._o &_o 22._o par._n 4_o i._n 5_o &_o 35._o par._n 5._o ja._n 3._o &_o act_n 31._o par._n 6._o q_o m._n the_o old_a law_n to_o which_o these_o act_n relate_v be_v statute_n william_n c._n 5._o stat._n allexander_n c._n 6._o stat._n rob._n 2._o c._n 9_o in_o which_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o murderer_n who_o be_v guilty_a of_o forethought_a felony_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o privilege_n and_o advantage_n of_o refuge_n in_o the_o girth_n but_o that_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o chaudmella_n or_o casual_a slaughter_n shall_v be_v shelter_v in_o the_o girth_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o none_o of_o these_o be_v in_o any_o other_o old_a statute_n to_o determine_v punishment_n of_o casual_a slaughter_n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o punishable_a as_o murder_n be_v clear_a by_o the_o opposition_n and_o in_o all_o our_o law_n betwixt_o single_a slaughter_n and_o fore-thought-fellony_n all_o casual_a slaughter_n be_v of_o old_a comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n chaudmella_n which_o be_v a_o french_a word_n chaud_fw-fr signify_v hot_a and_o mesler_n signify_v to_o mix_v but_o in_o effect_n this_o melletum_fw-la answer_n proper_o to_o rixa_fw-la &_o homicidium_fw-la in_fw-la rixa_fw-la commissum_fw-la which_o be_v but_o one_o species_n homicidii_fw-la non_fw-la dolosi_fw-la xii_o by_o the_o late_a 22._o act_n parl._n 1_o ch._n 2._o sess._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o casual_a homicide_n homicide_n commit_v in_o self-defence_n and_o homicide_n commit_v upon_o thief_n shall_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n and_o see_v this_o act_n mention_n not_o homicide_n commit_v in_o rixa_fw-la or_o homicidum_fw-la culposum_fw-la and_o see_v homicidium_fw-la culposum_fw-la differ_v from_o casual_a homicide_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o under_o the_o one_o the_o other_o may_v be_v comprehend_v and_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o casual_a homicide_n be_v in_o this_o act_n a_o general_a term_n comprehend_v all_o homicide_n which_o be_v not_o commit_v by_o forethought_a felony_n because_o what_o be_v not_o design_v be_v casual_a and_o what_o be_v not_o forethought_a be_v casual_a and_o the_o doctor_n do_v use_v the_o word_n casual_a oftentimes_o in_o this_o general_a sense_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o gothofred_n prax_fw-la crim_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi and_o by_o the_o rubric_n of_o this_o act_n which_o bear_v a_o act_n concern_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o casual_a homicide_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n casual_a be_v take_v there_o in_o a_o lax_n signification_n albeit_o i_o confess_v that_o the_o inscription_n be_v most_o improper_a see_v homicide_n in_o self-defence_n and_o homicide_n commit_v upon_o robber_n be_v not_o species_n of_o casual_a homicide_n but_o whether_o homicide_n in_o rixa_fw-la be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o act_n be_v controvert_v in_o william_n dowglas_n case_n and_o by_o that_o decision_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o in_o in_o our_o law_n though_o murder_n be_v not_o at_o first_o design_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v design_v the_o time_n the_o stroke_n be_v give_v the_o killer_n be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n that_o premeditation_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v murder_n capital_a be_v only_o such_o as_o antecedit_fw-la actum_fw-la licet_fw-la non_fw-la congressum_fw-la the_o civilian_n in_o the_o case_n of_o homicidium_fw-la per_fw-la plures_fw-la commissum_fw-la state_n three_o question_n the_o first_o be_v where_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v upon_o forethought_a felony_n and_o then_o indefinite_o all_o the_o assister_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n the_o second_o be_v when_o it_o be_v not_o certain_a but_o it_o be_v only_o suspect_v and_o presumeable_a that_o it_o be_v deliberate_o commit_v and_o then_o all_o may_v be_v torture_v but_o if_o they_o deny_v the_o design_n they_o be_v all_o only_a punishable_a by_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n because_o of_o the_o uncertainty_n the_o three_o be_v when_o the_o murder_n be_v certain_o commit_v in_o rixa_fw-la or_o tuilzie_a and_o then_o either_o the_o author_n of_o the_o pley_n be_v certain_o know_v and_o he_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n in_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n albeit_o many_o lawyer_n be_v positive_a that_o no_o country_n use_v this_o rigour_n i_o remember_v that_o in_o william_n dowglas_n case_n this_o be_v urge_v for_o there_o several_a gentleman_n have_v make_v a_o quarrel_n which_o be_v only_o prove_v by_o one_o witness_n they_o go_v to_o the_o field_n of_o lie_v and_o hoom_n of_o eccles_n be_v kill_v but_o it_o be_v not_o prove_v who_o be_v the_o killer_n and_o the_o quarrel_n be_v only_o prove_v by_o one_o witness_n who_o likewise_o prove_v that_o spot_n have_v the_o quarrel_n with_o eccles_n and_o that_o william_n dowglas_n have_v none_o and_o yet_o the_o assize_n find_v william_n guilty_a and_o he_o thereupon_o die_v because_o present_v xiii_o homicide_n likewise_o commit_v upon_o thief_n and_o robber_n break_v house_n in_o the_o night_n or_o commit_v in_o time_n of_o masterful_a depradation_n be_v free_a from_o punishment_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n 22._o and_o albeit_o it_o be_v declare_v lawful_a to_o the_o justice_n to_o fine_a such_o as_o be_v assoilzy_v from_o murder_n upon_o the_o defence_n of_o casual_a homicide_n and_o homicide_n in_o defence_n yet_o such_o as_o kill_v robber_n or_o night_n thief_n be_v free_a from_o all_o arbitrary_a punishment_n by_o this_o act_n likewise_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v such_o as_o assist_v or_o defend_v the_o depredator_n or_o oppose_v their_o pursuit_n by_o force_n and_o by_o the_o 6._o act_n of_o the_o second_o session_n of_o that_o parliament_n it_o be_v statute_v that_o the_o party_n who_o good_n be_v rob_v shall_v acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n of_o peace_n of_o the_o paroch_n who_o shall_v require_v all_o party_n to_o concur_v and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o
prove_v design_n which_o be_v a_o secret_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n all_o kill_v be_v always_o punishable_a by_o death_n except_o some_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o chance_n self-defence_n etc._n etc._n be_v allege_v upon_o by_o the_o panel_n it_o may_v be_v here_o ask_v if_o by_o our_o law_n he_o who_o strike_v with_o his_o fist_n or_o a_o batton_n which_o be_v of_o themselves_o no_o mortal_a weapon_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n though_o the_o party_n strike_v there_o by_o he_o die_v and_o it_o will_v seem_v hard_a that_o he_o shall_v see_v no_o design_n to_o kill_v can_v be_v here_o presume_v &_o maleficia_fw-la voluntas_fw-la &_o affectus_fw-la distinguunt_fw-la and_o by_o the_o 5._o cap._n wil._n reg._n num_fw-la 4._o it_o be_v say_v that_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la interficiat_fw-la cum_fw-la pugno_fw-la dabit_fw-la regi_fw-la 25._o vaccas_fw-la &_o satisfaciet_fw-la parentelae_fw-la defuncti_fw-la secundum_fw-la assisam_fw-la regni_fw-la by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o strike_v with_o the_o fist_n be_v not_o capital_a albeit_o death_n follow_v murder_n premeditate_a may_v be_v divide_v into_o that_o species_n which_o be_v simple_o such_o assasination_n murder_n under_o trust_n and_o self_n murder_n xvi_o murder_n under_o trust_n be_v with_o we_o when_o a_o party_n who_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o assurance_n and_o trust_n of_o another_o be_v murder_v by_o he_o and_o this_o be_v by_o a_o special_a statute_n punish_v as_o treason_n act._n 51._o p._n 11._o ja._n 6._o the_o word_n be_v where_o the_o party_n slay_v be_v under_o the_o trai_v credit_n assurance_n and_o power_n of_o the_o slayer_n the_o party_n be_v try_v and_o find_v guilty_a thereof_o by_o a_o assize_n it_o shall_v be_v treason_n and_o the_o person_n find_v culpable_a shall_v forefault_v life_n land_n and_o good_n what_o this_o credit_n and_o assurance_n be_v have_v oft_o be_v question_v and_o it_o be_v report_v that_o the_o origin_n of_o this_o be_v to_o punish_v the_o murder_n of_o a_o gentleman_n who_o invite_v his_o neighbour_n to_o a_o feast_n and_o kill_v he_o and_o all_o his_o relation_n in_o his_o own_o house_n so_o that_o invitation_n be_v one_o branch_n of_o this_o trust_n 2._o assurance_n signify_v that_o when_o two_o person_n be_v at_o fead_z and_o the_o one_o have_v find_v borrow_v to_o one_o another_o act_n 97._o ja._n 1._o p._n 6.3_o where_o person_n at_o variance_n be_v under_o capitulation_n 4_o this_o act_n have_v be_v stretch_v to_o the_o conjugal_a trust_n betwixt_o man_n and_o wife_n anno_fw-la 1627._o andrew_n row_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o process_n intent_a against_o swintoun_n for_o kill_v his_o wife_n anno_fw-la 1666._o it_o be_v object_v that_o this_o act_n extend_v not_o to_o such_o trust_v as_o this_o the_o pusurer_n restrict_v his_o libel_n to_o murder_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n anno._n 1665._o find_v that_o a_o son_n kill_v his_o own_o mother_n be_v not_o a_o murder_n under_o trust_n punishable_a by_o this_o act_n and_o yet_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o both_o kill_n of_o wife_n and_o child_n fall_v under_o that_o branch_n of_o the_o act_n where_o the_o party_n be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o slayer_n this_o species_n of_o murder_n be_v by_o the_o civilian_n call_v proditio_fw-la which_o be_v design_v to_o be_v homicidium_fw-la sub_fw-la praetextu_fw-la amicitiae_fw-la v_o g._n dum_fw-la sederem_fw-la tecum_fw-la in_o mensa_fw-la vel_fw-la amicitiam_fw-la fingerem_fw-la which_o be_v punishable_a by_o a_o more_o severe_a death_n then_o ordinar_n murder_n and_o in_o spain_n the_o betrayer_n or_o proditor_n for_o even_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n murder_n under_o trust_n be_v treachery_n or_o treason_n trahitur_fw-la ad_fw-la caudam_fw-la equi_fw-la &_o postea_fw-la furca_fw-la suspenditur_fw-la gomez_n by_o that_o act_n likewise_o trial_n shall_v be_v take_v by_o a_o assize_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o though_o mr._n james_n oliphant_n have_v be_v guilty_a of_o kill_v his_o mother_n and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v treason_n yet_o his_o forefaulter_n can_v not_o fall_v to_o the_o king_n upon_o a_o simple_a denunciation_n for_o not_o appear_v to_o underly_a the_o law_n because_o a_o trial_n be_v requisite_a in_o this_o case_n and_o by_o the_o 137._o act_n 13_o par._n ja._n 6._o the_o kill_v any_o person_n in_o the_o parliament-house_n during_o the_o sit_v thereof_o or_o the_o inner_a tolbuith_n id_fw-la est_fw-la the_o inner_a house_n of_o the_o session_n during_o the_o sit_v thereof_o or_o the_o council-house_n whilst_o the_o lord_n sit_v or_o kill_v any_o in_o the_o king_n chamber_n cabinet_n or_o chamber_n of_o peace_n or_o in_o the_o king_n presence_n any_o where_o infer_v the_o pain_n of_o treason_n xvii_o what_o be_v interpret_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o murder_n can_v hardly_o be_v define_v for_o it_o do_v depend_v upon_o the_o assize_n a_o design_n to_o murder_n though_o no_o murder_n follow_v affectus_fw-la sine_fw-la effectu_fw-la punitur_fw-la capitaliter_fw-la l._n 1._o be_v qui_fw-la cum_fw-la telo_fw-la c._n ad_fw-la corn._n de_fw-fr sicar_n yet_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n the_o punishment_n now_o reach_v not_o life_n clar._n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi num_fw-la 74._o and_o i_o find_v that_o matthew_n stewart_n be_v pursue_v for_o contrive_v the_o death_n of_o thomas_n kennedie_n come_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o be_v only_o banish_v mart_n 1597._o as_o also_o i_o find_v that_o though_o lawson_n be_v cleanse_v of_o the_o murder_n of_o she_o own_o child_n yet_o she_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o justice_n because_o of_o the_o violent_a presumption_n adduce_v against_o she_o and_o that_o she_o herself_o have_v confess_v she_o bear_v a_o dead_a child_n the_o justice_n therefore_o do_v ordain_v she_o to_o be_v whip_v and_o banish_v 20_o august_n 1662._o and_o margaret_n ramsay_n have_v confess_v that_o she_o bear_v a_o dead_a child_n and_o be_v advise_v to_o cast_v it_o into_o the_o north-loch_n which_o she_o do_v not_o though_o without_o her_o knowledge_n it_o be_v do_v by_o other_o the_o justices_z though_o she_o be_v assoylzy_v by_o the_o inquest_n ordain_v she_o to_o be_v scourge_v and_o banish_v 1661._o xviii_o though_o such_o as_o kill_v in_o prosecution_n of_o law_n be_v not_o punishable_a as_o murderer_n yet_o if_o they_o exceed_v they_o be_v punishable_a not_o only_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la excessum_fw-la arbitrary_o but_o even_o paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la as_o murderer_n a_o instance_n whereof_o be_v decide_v the_o 14._o of_o june_n 1672._o in_o the_o person_n of_o mr._n archibald_n beath_n who_o be_v pannel_v for_o kill_a allan_n gairdiner_n allege_v that_o the_o council_n have_v by_o their_o act_n and_o proclamation_n ordain_v all_o meal_n bring_v from_o ireland_n to_o be_v seize_v upon_o and_o the_o boat_n wherein_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o be_v sink_v in_o prosecution_n whereof_o gardiner_n meal_n be_v seize_v he_o break_v the_o seizure_n and_o be_v follow_v in_o a_o boat_n by_o the_o say_a mr._n archibald_n and_o other_o he_o be_v command_v to_o stay_v his_o boat_n but_o be_v so_o fare_v from_o obey_v though_o command_v in_o his_o majesty_n be_v name_n that_o he_o have_v run_v almost_o down_o the_o panel_n little_a boat_n who_o be_v thereupon_o force_v to_o shoot_v at_o they_o and_o though_o this_o act_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la degenerate_a into_o a_o act_n of_o kill_v yet_o no_o kill_n be_v at_o first_o intend_v and_o the_o rise_v of_o all_o such_o action_n be_v to_o be_v first_o consider_v to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o this_o act_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v civiliter_fw-la and_o do_v only_o empower_v the_o liege_n to_o seize_v but_o not_o to_o kill_v and_o all_o mandate_n be_v to_o be_v so_o interpret_v as_o not_o to_o be_v extend_v ad_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la mandans_fw-la in_o specie_fw-la non_fw-la mandasset_fw-la or_o quae_fw-la solitus_fw-la est_fw-la mandare_fw-la si_fw-la aliquando_fw-la mandat_fw-la non_fw-la mandat_fw-la nisi_fw-la certa_fw-la forma_fw-la servata_fw-la but_o it_o can_v be_v subsume_v that_o the_o council_n will_v have_v allow_v the_o importer_n of_o such_o victual_n to_o be_v kill_v nor_o do_v they_o use_v to_o intrust_v the_o execution_n of_o such_o law_n to_o minister_n and_o if_o they_o have_v design_v that_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o prohibition_n shall_v reach_v death_n they_o will_v have_v express_o allow_v the_o seizer_n to_o kill_v as_o they_o use_v to_o do_v in_o such_o case_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o though_o the_o minister_n be_v not_o obliedge_v to_o concur_v because_o of_o his_o function_n yet_o concur_v as_o a_o subject_a he_o be_v not_o punishable_a therefore_o capital_o and_o if_o a_o minister_n shall_v concur_v when_o the_o hue_n and_o cry_n be_v raise_v after_o a_o night_n thief_n or_o if_o a_o minister_n do_v assist_v such_o as_o pursue_v rebel_n and_o shall_v kill_v in_o the_o pursuit_n it_o be_v absurd_a to_o conclude_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v punish_v
to_o palliate_v the_o adultery_n it_o shall_v be_v punish_v more_o severe_o than_o adultery_n and_o though_o the_o offender_n can_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n as_o a_o bigamist_n yet_o he_o may_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n as_o a_o notour_n adulterer_n the_o same_o may_v be_v likewise_o say_v if_o the_o person_n marry_v against_o express_a prohibition_n of_o the_o church_n or_o it_o may_v be_v of_o friend_n for_o thereby_o they_o be_v put_v in_o pessima_fw-la fide_fw-la and_o want_v the_o advantage_n arise_v figura_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la and_o this_o statute_n punish_v only_o simple_a bigamy_n which_o be_v possible_o contract_v when_o the_o wife_n belive_v the_o husband_n to_o be_v dead_a or_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la or_o when_o there_o be_v some_o other_o pretext_n for_o it_o but_o exclude_v not_o a_o further_a punishment_n due_a from_o other_o circumstance_n or_o complext_v crime_n and_o it_o be_v absurd_a to_o think_v that_o incestuous_a person_n be_v forbid_v to_o marry_v because_o of_o their_o contingency_n in_o blood_n or_o affinity_n shall_v not_o be_v punishable_a for_o incest_n iii_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o quaker_n can_v be_v punish_v as_o perjurer_n see_v they_o give_v no_o oath_n at_o marriage_n and_o certain_o they_o shall_v see_v marriage_n imply_v a_o vow_n though_o no_o implicit_a oath_n be_v give_v iv._o the_o husband_n long_a absence_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n why_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v mitigate_v but_o take_v not_o away_o the_o crime_n see_v death_n and_o not_o time_n dissolve_v marriage_n and_o i_o remember_v of_o a_o minister_n who_o be_v depose_v for_o marry_v a_o man_n wife_n after_o he_o be_v sixteen_o year_n absent_a and_o albeit_o the_o first_o husband_n come_v home_o yet_o the_o second_o husband_n still_o retain_v the_o wife_n which_o certain_o be_v adultery_n in_o he_o after_o that_o knowledge_n that_o she_o be_v another_o man_n wife_n see_v he_o want_v that_o pretext_n for_o which_o bigamy_n be_v not_o punishable_a as_o adultery_n from_o which_o likewise_o that_o general_a conclusion_n may_v be_v draw_v that_o when_o the_o bigamist_n know_v that_o the_o other_o person_n be_v marry_v if_o he_o continue_v he_o commit_v adultery_n and_o if_o he_o know_v that_o it_o be_v incestuous_a he_o commit_v incest_n v._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v also_o if_o two_o person_n marry_v be_v guilty_a of_o adultery_n eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la that_o they_o marry_v though_o because_o of_o any_o interveen_a accident_n as_o death_n they_o bid_v not_o and_o see_v by_o the_o second_o marriage_n they_o give_v contrary_a oath_n certain_o they_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n for_o perjury_n be_v the_o medium_n peccati_fw-la in_o this_o crime_n and_o not_o copulatio_fw-la or_o coitus_fw-la as_o in_o adultery_n reatus_fw-la contrahitur_fw-la per_fw-la contraria_fw-la vota_fw-la and_o he_o who_o lie_v with_o another_o man_n wife_n immediate_o after_o they_o come_v from_o church_n though_o before_o she_o have_v bed_v with_o her_o husband_n do_v in_o our_o law_n commit_v adultery_n which_o show_v that_o marriage_n be_v contract_v with_o we_o per_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o benedictionem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la &_o ante_fw-la coitum_fw-la and_o if_o after_o come_v from_o church_n the_o person_n be_v marry_v certain_o they_o be_v by_o that_o also_o guilty_a of_o bigamy_n and_o from_o this_o principle_n also_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o though_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v null_a per_fw-la frigiditatem_fw-la or_o maleficiationem_fw-la yet_o the_o other_o person_n who_o may_v have_v declare_v that_o marriage_n to_o have_v be_v null_n marry_v another_o before_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v declare_v to_o have_v be_v null_n though_o it_o be_v null_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la will_v be_v guilty_a of_o bigamy_n because_o there_o be_v contraria_fw-la vota_fw-la in_o that_o case_n and_o because_o he_o be_v not_o lawful_o divorce_v for_o as_o a_o person_n who_o may_v have_v get_v a_o first_o marriage_n declare_v null_a ex_fw-la capite_fw-la adulterii_fw-la marry_v again_o will_v be_v punishable_a so_o it_o shall_v be_v here_o and_o if_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o marriage_n be_v declare_v in_o frigidis_fw-la &_o maleficiatis_fw-la to_o have_v be_v null_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la and_o therefore_o there_o have_v be_v no_o marriage_n at_o first_o the_o second_o be_v no_o bigamy_n and_o the_o first_o oath_n not_o bind_v ab_fw-la initio_fw-la for_o it_o be_v give_v upon_o the_o supposition_n that_o the_o other_o person_n be_v habilis_fw-la to_o contract_n a_o marriage_n that_o vow_n be_v null_a and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o contrairy_a vow_n in_o this_o case_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o law_n consider_v that_o first_o marriage_n as_o a_o sufficient_a marriage_n till_o it_o be_v declare_v null_n and_o the_o other_o person_n who_o may_v have_v get_v the_o marriage_n declare_v null_a will_v have_v be_v punish_v as_o a_o adulterer_n if_o she_o have_v lyen_fw-we with_o another_o ergo_fw-la she_o may_v be_v likewise_o punish_v as_o a_o bigamist_n vi_o the_o act_n add_v except_o the_o person_n be_v lawful_o divorce_v from_o which_o two_o question_n may_v arise_v 1._o see_v the_o party_n guilty_a can_v marry_v v_o g._n if_o a_o woman_n be_v divorce_v for_o adultery_n she_o can_v marry_v quaeritur_fw-la then_o if_o she_o marry_v again_o may_v be_v pursue_v as_o guilty_a of_o bigamy_n and_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v not_o bigamy_n see_v the_o act_n say_v that_o if_o person_n not_o lawful_o divorce_v marry_o they_o commit_v bigamy_n ergo_fw-la à _fw-la contraria_fw-la where_o the_o person_n be_v lawful_o divorce_v they_o commit_v not_o bigamy_n nor_o do_v the_o law_n speak_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o nocent_a and_o innocent_a party_n 2._o if_o a_o person_n be_v divorce_v and_o thereafter_o he_o marry_v albeit_o thereafter_o that_o decreet_a of_o divorce_n be_v reduce_v certain_o the_o other_o party_n who_o marry_v the_o person_n divorce_v be_v not_o punishable_a except_o the_o decreet_a be_v reduce_v upon_o his_o fault_n but_o the_o first_o decreet_a of_o divorce_n be_v reduce_v upon_o his_o fault_n who_o obtain_v it_o as_o if_o he_o have_v bribe_v the_o witness_n or_o judge_n etc._n etc._n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o he_o know_v that_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v not_o lawful_o dissolve_v and_o so_o the_o second_o marriage_n be_v bigamy_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la he_o albeit_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o may_v be_v debate_v that_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v dissolve_v authore_fw-la praetore_fw-la it_o be_v no_o marriage_n at_o the_o time_n the_o second_o marriage_n be_v contract_v and_o so_o not_o bigamy_n albeit_o the_o briber_n or_o forger_n may_v be_v punish_v for_o the_o crime_n so_o commit_v title_n xix_o theft_n 1._o the_o definition_n of_o theft_n 2._o in_o what_o thing_n can_v theft_n be_v commit_v and_o whether_o it_o can_v be_v commit_v in_o commodato_fw-la &_o societate_fw-la 3._o the_o law_n of_o burdein-sack_n or_o theft_n commit_v for_o necessity_n 4._o whether_o the_o take_a thing_n belong_v to_o no_o man_n be_v punishable_a as_o theft_n 5._o the_o division_n of_o theft_n in_o furtum_fw-la manifestum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la manifestum_fw-la 6._o whether_o theft_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n 7._o the_o punishment_n of_o it_o by_o our_o law_n 8._o how_o three_o consecutive_a theft_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v and_o how_o inferior_a judge_n proceed_v in_o judge_v theft_n 9_o how_o the_o justice_n proceed_v in_o judge_v this_o crime_n 10._o how_o hareship_n or_o abigeatus_fw-la be_v punish_v 11._o how_o sacrilege_n be_v punish_v 12._o theft_n in_o land_a man_n be_v treason_n 13._o how_o theft_n be_v aggravate_v from_o frequency_n time_n place_n and_o other_o circumstance_n 14._o several_a extenuation_n of_o theft_n 15._o statutory_a theft_n such_o as_o breaker_n of_o yard_n steal_v fish_n out_o of_o pond_n bee_n etc._n etc._n 16._o be_v and_o part_n of_o theft_n how_o punish_v albeit_o at_o first_o every_o thing_n be_v make_v common_a so_o that_o then_o there_o can_v be_v no_o theft_n yet_o since_o by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o nation_n property_n be_v introduce_v theft_n be_v forbid_v as_o a_o enemy_n to_o this_o property_n and_o as_o destructive_a to_o that_o order_n and_o method_n whereby_o god_n resolve_v to_o govern_v the_o world_n and_o therefore_o the_o basilick_n observe_v that_o this_o crime_n be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o theft_n be_v define_v by_o lawyer_n to_o be_v fraudulosa_fw-la contractatio_fw-la lucri_fw-la faciendi_fw-la gratia_fw-la vel_fw-la ipsius_fw-la rei_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la usus_fw-la ejus_fw-la possessionis_fw-la ve_fw-la quod_fw-la lege_fw-la naturali_fw-la prohibitume_v §_o 1._o inst_n the_o obl_a ex_fw-la del_o by_o the_o word_n contrectatio_fw-la they_o understand_v not_o only_o the_o away_o take_v of_o a_o thing_n for_o theft_n be_v commit_v by_o conceal_v what_o
most_o subtle_a of_o all_o serpent_n plin_n lib._n 30._o nat_n histor_n cap._n 10._o title_n xxix_o perjury_n 1._o what_o be_v perjury_n and_o the_o several_a kind_n thereof_o 2._o whether_o he_o who_o swear_v only_o that_o he_o believe_v what_o he_o depones_fw-la to_o be_v true_a be_v punishable_a for_o perjury_n 3._o whether_o he_o who_o promise_v upon_o oath_n and_o perform_v not_o be_v punishable_a for_o perjury_n 4._o whether_o these_o who_o perform_v not_o their_o parent_n oath_n be_v punishable_a for_o perjury_n 5._o whether_o witness_n who_o depone_v false_o can_v be_v convict_v of_o perjury_n upon_o the_o deposition_n of_o other_o witness_n 6._o whether_o a_o judge_n or_o advocate_n violate_v his_o oath_n de_fw-fr fideli_fw-la be_v punishable_a for_o perjury_n 7._o the_o punishment_n of_o perjury_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o since_o witness_n can_v by_o their_o deposition_n take_v away_o the_o life_n or_o ruin_v the_o estate_n of_o such_o as_o be_v the_o great_a man_n or_o have_v the_o great_a fortune_n the_o law_n which_o repose_v that_o trust_n in_o they_o do_v very_o just_o over-awe_n they_o in_o depon_v by_o the_o reverend_a fear_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o by_o threaten_v they_o with_o the_o severe_a punishment_n of_o perjury_n if_o they_o swear_v false_o i._o perjury_n be_v define_v by_o lawyer_n to_o be_v a_o lie_n affirm_v judicial_o upon_o oath_n but_o because_o it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o any_o person_n will_v both_o be_v so_o mean_a as_o to_o lie_v and_o so_o wicked_a as_o to_o call_v god_n to_o be_v a_o witness_n thereto_o therefore_o lawyer_n have_v very_o just_o deliver_v we_o a_o brocard_n that_o perjury_n be_v not_o commit_v without_o fraud_n interpretatio_fw-la facienda_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la evitetur_fw-la perjurium_fw-la and_o from_o this_o principle_n they_o have_v deduce_v that_o 1._o he_o who_o swear_v that_o which_o be_v false_a believe_v it_o to_o be_v true_a be_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o perjurer_n for_o in_o effect_n he_o do_v not_o then_o lie_v add_v ad_fw-la clar._n num_fw-la 13.2_o if_o the_o perjury_n can_v have_v prejudge_v no_o man_n clar._n num_fw-la 11._o because_o it_o be_v not_o be_v presume_v that_o a_o person_n will_v perjure_v himself_o while_o he_o can_v have_v no_o design_n and_o from_o this_o may_v be_v likewise_o infer_v as_o a_o consequence_n that_o perjury_n shall_v be_v hardly_o fasten_v upon_o any_o person_n for_o matter_n of_o very_a small_a consequence_n see_v as_o de_fw-la minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n praetor_n so_o it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o a_o man_n especial_o of_o any_o integrity_n or_o honour_n will_v incur_v that_o guilt_n and_o this_o be_v allege_v for_o mr._n james_n row_v a_o minister_n when_o he_o be_v pursue_v for_o perjure_v himself_o by_o sir_n thomas_n stewart_n in_o anno_fw-la 1667._o for_o the_o matter_n of_o five_o pound_n scot_n but_o this_o point_n be_v not_o decide_v and_o albeit_o i_o think_v where_o this_o be_v join_v with_o other_o circumstance_n which_o may_v render_v the_o decision_n dubious_a the_o council_n may_v either_o mitigat_n or_o remit_v the_o punishment_n yet_o if_o the_o perjury_n be_v clear_o prove_v i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v punish_v and_o in_o no_o case_n shall_v the_o justice_n refuse_v to_o put_v the_o panel_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n because_o the_o matter_n wherein_o the_o perjury_n be_v allege_v to_o have_v be_v commit_v be_v very_o small_a but_o it_o be_v punishable_a if_o at_o first_o it_o may_v though_o thereafter_o ex_fw-la eventu_fw-la it_o prove_v not_o prejudicial_a as_o if_o the_o writ_n be_v improven_v by_o a_o certification_n yet_o the_o false_a witness_n be_v thereafter_o punishable_a though_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o inquiry_n that_o paper_n can_v prejudge_v no_o man_n because_o of_o the_o certification_n it_o be_v find_v in_o barclay_n case_n february_n 1670._o 3._o where_o the_o matter_n be_v difficult_a it_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o swearer_n do_v not_o understand_v then_o that_o he_o do_v perjure_v himself_o clar._n num_fw-la 10._o but_o if_o the_o swearer_n do_v not_o take_v pain_n to_o understand_v the_o matter_n upon_o which_o he_o be_v depon_v i_o think_v the_o difficulty_n shall_v hardly_o excuse_v he_o ii_o it_o be_v controvert_v among_o the_o doctor_n if_o he_o who_o swear_v per_fw-la verbum_fw-la credo_fw-la i_o believe_v can_v be_v punish_v for_o perjury_n and_o in_o mr._n james_n row_n case_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o it_o shall_v because_o in_o effect_v all_o oath_n be_v but_o oath_n of_o credulity_n where_o the_o matter_n fall_v not_o under_o sense_n and_o in_o this_o case_n where_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o his_o own_o oath_n if_o he_o be_v pay_v of_o his_o stipend_n and_o he_o depone_v upon_o oath_n he_o believe_v he_o be_v not_o pay_v hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o word_n believe_v shall_v have_v infer_v perjury_n because_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v believe_v except_o he_o have_v certain_o know_v and_o belief_n presuppose_v a_o certainty_n for_o faith_n and_o belief_n be_v all_o one_o so_o that_o in_o effect_n to_o depon_n he_o believe_v it_o be_v pay_v be_v to_o depon_n it_o be_v certain_o pay_v or_o that_o in_o faith_n it_o be_v pay_v either_o of_o which_o will_v have_v infer_v perjury_n but_o 2._o perjurium_fw-la est_fw-la affirmare_fw-la quod_fw-la dubit_fw-la as_o arg_n l._n vinc_fw-la ff_n nihil_fw-la nov_n apel_n &_o indiscrete_a jurare_fw-la est_fw-la instar_fw-la perjurii_fw-la gregor_n tholosan_n h._n t._n and_o if_o the_o adject_v such_o a_o dubious_a word_n as_o this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o evite_v perjury_n that_o crime_n shall_v never_o be_v incur_v and_o certain_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o a_o great_a undervalue_v of_o the_o deity_n quod_fw-la est_fw-la medium_n inductivum_fw-la huius_fw-la criminis_fw-la to_o depon_n without_o information_n where_o information_n may_v be_v have_v and_o it_o be_v very_o presumable_a he_o will_v little_o value_v perjury_n who_o do_v value_n little_a to_o get_v such_o information_n as_o be_v requisite_a for_o satisfy_v the_o judge_n in_o clear_v what_o be_v just_a and_o see_v the_o law_n design_n by_o punish_a perjury_n to_o come_v to_o the_o exact_a knowledge_n of_o all_o private_a case_n wherein_o judgement_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o end_n judex_fw-la may_v ubicunque_fw-la suum_fw-la tribuere_fw-la it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o it_o shall_v very_o severe_o punish_v such_o as_o depon_n without_o previous_a information_n especial_o where_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o deposition_n be_v in_o facto_fw-la proprio_fw-la as_o in_o this_o case_n for_o by_o this_o rash_a or_o affectate_v omission_n both_o the_o law_n and_o the_o judge_n be_v equal_o disappoint_v of_o their_o end_n as_o much_o as_o if_o the_o deponer_n have_v willing_o perjure_v himself_o 2._o a_o witness_n depon_v false_o per_fw-la verbum_fw-la credo_fw-la be_v in_o law_n punish_v with_o the_o punishment_n of_o falsehood_n bald._n salicet_fw-la in_o l._n de_fw-fr tut_o c._n de_fw-fr in_o integrum_fw-la restitut_o alexander_n concis_fw-la 28._o vel_fw-la 6._o angel_n consil_n 3._o the_o depon_a per_fw-la verbum_fw-la credo_fw-la will_v have_v gain_v the_o deponer_n the_o cause_n and_o assoilzy_v he_o from_o the_o pursuit_n and_o therefore_o it_o shall_v infer_v perjury_n against_o he_o because_o the_o reason_n why_o perjury_n be_v punish_v be_v that_o there_o may_v be_v something_o to_o overawe_n such_o to_o who_o the_o verity_n of_o any_o cause_n be_v refer_v 5._o it_o be_v doubt_v among_o the_o doctor_n if_o he_o who_o promise_v upon_o oath_n in_o a_o bond_n to_o pay_v a_o sum_n or_o perform_v a_o deed_n betwixt_o and_o a_o day_n be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n if_o he_o failzie_a and_o math._n de_fw-fr aflictis_fw-la relate_v a_o neopolitan_a decision_n wherein_o it_o be_v find_v that_o perjury_n can_v not_o be_v infer_v upon_o the_o breach_n of_o such_o a_o oath_n as_o this_o the_o word_n of_o the_o obligation_n be_v to_o pay_v sub_fw-la fide_fw-la dal_n gentilhomo_n because_o say_v he_o this_o be_v fides_fw-la and_o consequent_o can_v be_v punish_v but_o only_o paena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la though_o bertrand_n be_v of_o another_o opinion_n consil._n 126._o iii_o but_o the_o question_n remain_v yet_o entire_a notwithstanding_o of_o that_o decision_n whether_o they_o who_o promise_v under_o a_o express_a formal_a and_o religious_a oath_n as_o that_o by_o god_n himself_o or_o holy_a trinity_n they_o shall_v pay_v a_o sum_n or_o do_v such_o a_o deed_n betwixt_o and_o a_o perfixed_a day_n may_v not_o be_v pursue_v for_o perjury_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o may_v be_v argue_v from_o this_o that_o these_o be_v extrajudicial_a oath_n the_o law_n shall_v not_o encourage_v the_o give_n or_o exact_v of_o they_o so_o as_o to_o punish_v the_o not_o implement_n of_o they_o with_o perjury_n for_o this_o will_v make_v every_o man_n exact_v a_o oath_n of_o his_o debtor_n when_o he_o lend_v
dead_a and_o die_v of_o the_o fall_a sickness_n 17._o may_v 1615._o but_o in_o this_o the_o word_n be_v malicious_o speak_v for_o the_o speaker_n utter_v they_o because_o he_o have_v lose_v a_o plea_n but_o sometime_o the_o speaker_n be_v only_o scourge_v and_o banish_v as_o tweedy_n be_v 13._o march_v 1612._o for_o abuse_v constable_n and_o bid_v the_o king_n the_o council_n and_o they_o kiss_v his_o arse_n and_o swear_v he_o care_v not_o a_o fart_n for_o they_o which_o word_n appear_v both_o by_o the_o speaker_n and_o the_o contexture_n of_o the_o word_n to_o have_v rather_o flow_v from_o folly_n than_o design_n and_o spotswood_n in_o his_o history_n relat_n that_o the_o schoolmaster_n of_o edinburgh_n be_v hang_v for_o disperse_v libel_n against_o the_o regent_n wherein_o he_o charge_v he_o with_o be_v guilty_a of_o capital_a crime_n lease_v maker_n vi_o like_o to_o this_o crime_n if_o not_o the_o same_o with_o it_o be_v lease_v make_v whereby_o hatred_n and_o discord_n may_v be_v raise_v betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n which_o be_v punish_v with_o tinsel_n of_o life_n and_o good_n by_o the_o 43._o act_n parliament_n 2._o king_n james_n the_o 1._o likeas_n any_o misrepresentation_n or_o evil_a information_n as_o our_o law_n call_v it_o of_o the_o king_n to_o his_o people_n be_v punishable_a in_o the_o same_o way_n by_o the_o 83._o act_n parliament_n 6._o king_n james_n the_o 5._o and_o though_o the_o slander_v of_o his_o majesty_n may_v have_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o first_o act_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o our_o predecessor_n do_v not_o think_v paritas_fw-la rationis_fw-la sufficient_a in_o punish_v crime_n upon_o which_o act_v a_o great_a person_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o death_n for_o write_v a_o letter_n wherein_o the_o parliament_n be_v slander_v anno_fw-la 1662._o but_o this_o be_v thereafter_o rescind_v by_o his_o majesty_n likeas_n by_o the_o 20._o a._n of_o the_o 14._o p._n ki_n 6._o the_o hear_n and_o not_o reveal_v and_o not_o apprehend_v of_o such_o lease_v maker_n if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hearer_n power_n be_v equal_o punish_v with_o the_o lease_n make_a but_o because_o these_o act_n can_v not_o reach_v to_o slanderer_n of_o his_o majesty_n to_o his_o people_n in_o england_n or_o misrepresent_v they_o to_o the_o king_n or_o abuse_v any_o privy_a counsellor_n of_o that_o kingdom_n therefore_o the_o misrepresent_v they_o be_v declare_v punishable_a at_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n by_o the_o 9_o act_n 20._o par._n k._n ja._n 6._o by_o the_o same_o last_o act_n disperse_v or_o make_v cockalands_n or_o other_o infamous_a libel_n against_o counselor_n of_o england_n be_v punish_v as_o lease_v make_v title_n xxxi_o poind_v of_o ox_n in_o time_n of_o labour_v 1._o how_o this_o crime_n be_v punish_v by_o our_o law_n 2._o how_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n 3._o the_o explication_n of_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o this_o case_n 4._o how_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o differ_v in_o this_o point_n by_o the_o 98._o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 4._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o no_o sheriff_n or_o officer_n shall_v poind_v or_o distreinzie_n the_o ox_n horse_n or_o other_o good_n pertain_v to_o the_o plough_n and_o that_o labour_v the_o ground_n the_o time_n of_o the_o labour_a of_o the_o same_o where_o any_o other_o good_n or_o land_n be_v to_o be_v apprize_v or_o poind_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n ii_o the_o common_a law_n to_o which_o this_o relate_v be_v l._n 8._o c._n quae_fw-la res_fw-la pig_n oblige_v possunt_fw-la pignorum_fw-la gratia_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la culturam_fw-la agri_fw-la pertinet_fw-la auferri_fw-la non_fw-la convenit_fw-la and_o by_o the_o subsequent_a authent_v ibid._n agricultores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la securi_fw-la sunt_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la nullus_fw-la inveniatur_fw-la tam_fw-la audax_fw-la ut_fw-la personas_fw-la boves_fw-la &_o agrorum_fw-la instrumenta_fw-la aut_fw-la si_fw-la quid_fw-la aliud_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la agrorum_fw-la rusticorum_fw-la operam_fw-la pertineat_fw-la invadere_fw-la aut_fw-la capere_fw-la praesumat_fw-la &_o siquis_fw-la hoc_fw-la statutum_fw-la violare_fw-la praesumpserit_fw-la in_fw-la quadruplum_fw-la ablata_fw-la restituat_fw-la &_o infamiae_fw-la notam_fw-la ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la jucurrat_fw-la imperiali_fw-la animadversione_n nihilominus_fw-la puniendus_fw-la and_o maranta_n de_fw-fr ordine_fw-la jud_v part_n 6._o act_n 3._o num_fw-la 31._o relate_v that_o this_o law_n be_v confirm_v in_o sicily_n by_o a_o express_a statute_n and_o all_o these_o law_n seem_v to_o be_v found_v on_o deut._n 24._o vers_fw-la 6._o no_o man_n shall_v take_v the_o upper_a nor_o nether_a millstone_n to_o pledge_v for_o he_o take_v a_o man_n life_n to_o pledge_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o grotius_n observe_v out_o of_o philo._n which_o be_v call_v mola_fw-la &_o catillus_fw-la l._n cum_fw-la de_fw-la lanionis_fw-la §_o idem_fw-la consultus_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr instructo_fw-la vel_fw-la instrumento_fw-la legato_fw-la iii_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n the_o poind_n of_o such_o good_n be_v forbid_v in_o the_o time_n of_o labour_v but_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v to_o be_v a_o crime_n and_o the_o lord_n renton_n have_v in_o january_n 1666._o pursue_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n of_o coldinghame_n for_o poind_v one_o of_o his_o plough_n ox_n when_o they_o be_v labour_v before_o the_o criminal_a court_n be_v be_v allege_v that_o no_o criminal_a pursuit_n can_v be_v found_v upon_o this_o act_n see_v nothing_o can_v be_v criminal_o pursue_v but_o that_o which_o be_v make_v a_o crime_n by_o a_o special_a statute_n and_o to_o which_o a_o special_a sanction_n be_v annex_v likeas_n by_o the_o constant_a custom_n many_o action_n of_o spoilzie_n be_v found_v upon_o this_o act_n but_o no_o criminal_a pursuit_n be_v ever_o thereupon_o intent_a to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o contempt_n of_o a_o law_n be_v in_o itself_o a_o crime_n see_v disobedience_n to_o authority_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o basis_n of_o all_o crime_n 2._o illegal_a intrometring_n with_o another_o man_n good_n be_v a_o crime_n especial_o ubi_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la non_fw-la assistebat_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o restistebat_fw-la for_o theft_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o unwarrantable_a intromission_n and_o as_o the_o take_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v free_a liedge_n be_v a_o crime_n where_o the_o same_o be_v not_o warrant_v by_o law_n so_o the_o poind_n of_o these_o good_n shall_v infer_v a_o crime_n that_o be_v another_o species_n of_o unlawful_a execution_n 3._o this_o act_n discharge_v such_o execution_n conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o the_o common_a or_o civil_a law_n this_o be_v a_o crime_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o law_n above_o cite_v and_o whereas_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o no_o sanction_n be_v annex_v it_o be_v reply_v that_o where_o the_o law_n annex_v no_o sanction_n the_o punishment_n be_v there_o arbitrary_a and_o there_o be_v many_o crime_n both_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o out_v to_o which_o no_o sanction_n be_v annex_v the_o justice_n sustain_v the_o libel_n and_o ordain_v the_o panel_n to_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la be_v that_o the_o poind_v a_o ox_n in_o the_o time_n of_o labour_v be_v a_o injury_n and_o wrong_n punishable_a by_o the_o law_n paena_fw-la aplicanda_fw-la filco_fw-la and_o thereafter_o the_o three_o panel_n be_v find_v guilty_a though_o it_o be_v not_o express_o prove_v that_o the_o ox_n be_v labour_v actual_o the_o time_n of_o the_o poind_n but_o only_o that_o he_o use_v to_o labour_v and_o be_v in_o the_o plough_n the_o week_n before_o and_o the_o country_n be_v then_o labour_v all_o which_o be_v necessary_a qualification_n of_o this_o crime_n and_o so_o be_v necessary_a interrogator_n after_o pronounce_v of_o which_o doom_n the_o justice_n fine_v each_o of_o the_o three_o panel_n in_o forty_o pound_n scot_n and_o yet_o in_o june_n 1674._o a_o reply_n against_o lawful_o poind_v be_v propon_v in_o a_o pursuit_n for_o theft_n the_o case_n be_v by_o the_o justice_n refer_v to_o be_v first_o civil_o pursue_v it_o be_v here_o also_o allege_v that_o by_o the_o 34._o act._n 4._o parl._n i._n 5._o where_o crime_n may_v be_v criminal_o and_o civil_o pursue_v the_o civil_a pursuit_n ought_v first_o to_o be_v discuse_v which_o be_v repel_v because_o though_o a_o civil_a pursuit_n of_o spoilzie_n be_v intent_a there_o can_v no_o defence_n such_o as_o lawful_o poind_v authore_fw-la praetore_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o case_n be_v propon_v here_o see_v though_o the_o execution_n be_v formal_a and_o the_o decreet_a whereupon_o they_o proceed_v irreduceable_a yet_o to_o poind_v a_o labour_a ox_n in_o labour_a time_n be_v in_o all_o case_n unlawful_a &_o itacessat_fw-la hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la ratio_fw-la legis_fw-la 2._o the_o defender_n can_v not_o plead_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o