Selected quad for the lemma: knowledge_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
knowledge_n	art_n	know_v	science_n	1,475	5	9.2636	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A87905	A discourse of the knowledg of beasts, wherein all that hath been said for, and against their ratiocination, is examined. / By Monsieur de la Chambre, counsellor to the King of France in his counsels, and his physitian in ordinary. Translated into English by a person of quality.; Traité de la connoissance des animaux. English	La Chambre, Marin Cureau de, 1594-1669.; Person of quality.	1658 (1658)	Wing L131; Thomason E1829_1; ESTC R202706	171,392	314

before_o we_o enter_v into_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o our_o opinion_n we_o must_v both_o of_o we_o agree_v in_o one_o truth_n which_o can_v be_v contradict_v to_o wit_n that_o when_o a_o beast_n eat_v any_o thing_n which_o he_o know_v be_v sweet_a its_o certain_a he_o will_v eat_v it_o and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o eat_v it_o do_v he_o not_o find_v it_o good_a to_o eat_v forasmuch_o as_o nothing_o move_v the_o appetite_n but_o what_o be_v good_a and_o therefore_o he_o know_v the_o connexion_n which_o sweetness_n have_v with_o goodness_n since_o he_o find_v not_o the_o thing_n good_a but_o because_o its_o sweet_a and_o that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o sweet_a he_o will_v not_o judge_v it_o good_a the_o question_n than_o be_v to_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o he_o to_o know_v the_o universal_a annexion_n of_o sweetness_n with_o goodness_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o he_o only_o to_o know_v that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v betwixt_o these_o two_o particular_a quality_n and_o of_o necessity_n m._n c._n must_v take_v the_o one_o side_n or_o the_o other_o unless_o he_o have_v a_o design_n to_o commence_v a_o suit_n against_o nature_n as_o well_o as_o against_o i_o if_o he_o therefore_o believe_v that_o a_o beast_n know_v the_o universal_a connexion_n of_o sweetness_n with_o goodness_n there_o be_v nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o a_o beast_n my_o deduce_v the_o propose_a consequence_n and_o conclude_v after_o have_v know_v that_o a_o thing_n be_v sweet_a that_o the_o thing_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v because_o he_o know_v that_o all_o what_o be_v sweet_a be_v good_a to_o eat_v after_o this_o manner_n will_v m._n c._n fall_v into_o the_o opinion_n which_o we_o maintain_v that_o beast_n reason_n although_o by_o another_o way_n for_o we_o believe_v it_o sufficient_a for_o they_o to_o know_v the_o particular_a connexion_n of_o sweetness_n with_o goodness_n to_o conclude_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v in_o effect_n if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o they_o know_v the_o connexion_n which_o those_o two_o quality_n have_v with_o one_o another_o as_o we_o have_v show_v and_o that_o they_o can_v conceive_v nothing_o that_o be_v universal_a that_o be_v above_o the_o material_a faculty_n it_o be_v necessary_a they_o shall_v know_v the_o particular_a connexion_n which_o these_o two_o thing_n have_v together_o so_o that_o since_o they_o judge_v a_o thing_n good_a to_o eat_v because_o they_o find_v it_o sweet_a it_o follow_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o that_o particular_a connexion_n be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o conclude_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v since_o that_o in_o effect_n they_o do_v so_o neither_o be_v they_o deceive_v in_o their_o judgement_n i_o must_v confess_v indeed_o that_o there_o be_v a_o universal_a connexion_n of_o sweetness_n with_o goodness_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o foundation_n of_o that_o truth_n which_o beast_n know_v but_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n and_o not_o in_o the_o imagination_n which_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o know_v it_o that_o it_o may_v certain_o infer_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n in_o particular_a be_v good_a to_o eat_v it_o be_v like_o those_o who_o do_v thing_n by_o rote_n for_o what_o they_o do_v be_v conformable_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n although_o they_o know_v it_o not_o neither_o do_v their_o ignorance_n hinder_v they_o from_o do_v it_o as_o perfect_a as_o it_o can_v be_v do_v so_o the_o imagination_n know_v not_o that_o all_o what_o be_v sweet_a be_v good_a to_o eat_v but_o only_o that_o the_o sweet_a be_v good_a to_o eat_v and_o with_o this_o particular_a knowledge_n it_o as_o certain_o know_v it_o ought_v to_o eat_v it_o as_o if_o it_o have_v a_o general_a knowledge_n thereof_o last_o of_o all_o since_o what_o it_o thus_o know_v be_v find_v true_a what_o need_v it_o seek_v it_o any_o other_o way_n and_o since_o syllogism_n may_v be_v make_v of_o particular_a proposition_n which_o make_v a_o good_a conclusion_n why_o then_o may_v not_o that_o which_o it_o make_v be_v good_a m.c._n hereupon_o say_v that_o from_o that_o any_o sweet_a thing_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v it_o follow_v not_o that_o that_o be_v it_o it_o be_v true_a and_o i_o confess_v that_o beast_n sometime_o deceive_v themselves_o neither_o do_v i_o say_v their_o syllogism_n be_v demonstrative_a it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o they_o be_v probable_a and_o that_o common_o they_o make_v they_o to_o know_v the_o particular_a connexion_n which_o nature_n have_v place_v betwixt_o those_o two_o quality_n for_o by_o she_o they_o know_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v with_o as_o much_o certainty_n as_o all_o other_o sensible_a thing_n may_v be_v know_v it_o be_v certain_a they_o do_v not_o know_v that_o they_o know_v it_o for_o to_o know_v a_o thing_n and_o to_o know_v that_o one_o know_v it_o be_v two_o different_a thing_n although_o m._n c._n it_o seem_v have_v confound_v they_o to_o know_v that_o we_o know_v we_o must_v consider_v the_o general_a reason_n and_o the_o form_n of_o reason_v which_o we_o use_v in_o a_o word_n we_o must_v make_v a_o reflection_n on_o that_o knowledge_n which_o beast_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o but_o to_o know_v and_o to_o know_v a_o thing_n simple_o this_o be_v not_o necessary_a and_o its_o sufficient_a that_o the_o notion_n we_o have_v of_o it_o be_v like_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o present_v itself_o without_o examine_v the_o principle_n or_o the_o mean_n whereby_o we_o know_v it_o that_o sweetness_n can_v move_v the_o appetite_n until_o the_o imagination_n have_v judge_v it_o good_a after_o this_o m._n c._n make_v i_o three_o great_a question_n and_o ask_v i_o who_o can_v have_v tell_v i_o that_o beast_n do_v not_o eat_v before_o they_o make_v all_o these_o fair_a discourse_n that_o sweetness_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o move_v the_o appetite_n if_o the_o imagination_n know_v not_o that_o it_o be_v good_a to_o eat_v and_o that_o it_o make_v three_o different_a judgement_n from_o the_o two_o first_o of_o which_o it_o infer_v a_o three_o but_o i_o shall_v answer_v in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v reason_n tell_v i_o so_o and_o i_o wonder_v that_o have_v make_v he_o see_v it_o so_o clear_a and_o evident_a it_o have_v not_o persuade_v he_o the_o same_o thing_n i_o have_v much_o more_o reason_n to_o ask_v who_o tell_v he_o that_o sweetness_n be_v sufficient_a to_o move_v the_o appetite_n without_o its_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o imagination_n to_o judge_v that_o the_o sweet_a thing_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v for_o no_o philosopher_n can_v have_v teach_v he_o this_o maxim_n nor_o can_v any_o reason_n have_v engage_v he_o in_o a_o proposition_n which_o destroy_v the_o first_o element_n of_o philosophy_n all_o the_o world_n be_v agree_v that_o the_o appetite_n can_v be_v move_v but_o by_o what_o be_v good_a and_o that_o therefore_o sweetness_n as_o sweetness_n can_v move_v it_o it_o must_v be_v know_v as_o good_a but_o also_o as_o good_a to_o eat_v if_o the_o appetite_n will_v eat_v it_o now_o the_o sense_n know_v not_o this_o goodness_n as_o m._n c._n confess_v present_o after_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v the_o imagination_n since_o the_o appetite_n afford_v no_o kind_n of_o knowledge_n certanly_n it_o will_v endanger_v those_o which_o will_v perceive_v how_o m._n c._n have_v abuse_v himself_o with_o such_o gross_a error_n to_o be_v scandalize_v with_o the_o reproach_n he_o make_v i_o that_o i_o only_o bring_v fair_a word_n to_o maintain_v my_o opinion_n without_o have_v trouble_v myself_o to_o uphold_v they_o with_o solid_a reason_n and_o perhaps_o some_o will_v say_v that_o he_o have_v use_v neither_o to_o destroy_v they_o and_o as_o there_o be_v more_o trouble_n to_o build_v then_o to_o ruin_n he_o have_v do_v wise_o to_o have_v establish_v nothing_o since_o he_o have_v succeed_v so_o ill_o in_o that_o which_o be_v most_o easy_a for_o my_o part_n all_o that_o i_o can_v say_v in_o this_o encounter_n be_v that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v content_v himself_o to_o have_v learn_v from_o all_o the_o man_n he_o have_v converse_v with_o that_o beast_n do_v not_o reason_n he_o ought_v also_o to_o have_v inform_v himself_o of_o the_o reason_n which_o they_o have_v to_o believe_v in_o and_o bold_o to_o have_v produce_v they_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o truth_n for_o the_o reputation_n of_o those_o with_o who_o he_o have_v speak_v and_o perhaps_o for_o the_o instruction_n of_o those_o to_o who_o he_o have_v not_o speak_v but_o what_o can_v he_o have_v bring_v a_o better_a reason_n to_o prove_v that_o beast_n reason_v not_o than_o the_o experience_n which_o he_o have_v make_v thereof_o in_o himself_o he_o have_v as_o he_o say_v examine_v the_o action_n of_o his_o sensitive_a appetite_n and_o after_o

principal_a proof_n it_o contain_v shall_v be_v full_o confute_v by_o the_o follow_a article_n where_o we_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v many_o ratiocination_n which_o be_v make_v without_o deliberation_n and_o that_o the_o other_o two_o have_v be_v examine_v here_o before_o we_o have_v show_v that_o we_o may_v reason_v without_o make_v use_n of_o any_o universal_a notion_n and_o that_o the_o imagination_n although_o it_o know_v nothing_o without_o phantasm_n yet_o it_o form_n phantasm_n which_o be_v not_o express_v in_o those_o image_n which_o the_o exterior_a sense_n furnish_v it_o withal_o such_o as_o be_v the_o union_n or_o the_o division_n and_o those_o species_n which_o the_o school_n call_v non_fw-la sensatas_fw-la as_o to_o be_v good_a or_o ill_a friend_n or_o enemy_n and_o other_o such_o like_a for_o from_o thence_o it_o follow_v that_o that_o faculty_n which_o reason_n do_v always_o something_o anew_o by_o unite_n or_o separate_a term_n and_o thing_n which_o she_o know_v not_o before_o in_o that_o condition_n neither_o for_o all_o this_o can_v any_o infer_v that_o the_o imagination_n which_o do_v all_o those_o thing_n be_v independent_a from_o its_o organ_n otherwise_o we_o must_v say_v that_o she_o know_v neither_o what_o be_v good_a or_o ill_a friend_n or_o foe_n and_o that_o she_o judge_v not_o of_o thing_n if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o those_o action_n be_v mark_v with_o independency_n chap._n ii_o the_o second_o objection_n of_o the_o deliberation_n which_o accompany_v ratiocination_n have_v satisfy_v the_o precedent_a objection_n we_o have_v propose_v what_o our_o adversary_n say_v that_o all_o the_o action_n of_o animal_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v most_o reasonable_a may_v proceed_v from_o somewhat_o else_o then_o reason_n and_o that_o nature_n which_o do_v not_o multiply_v cause_n without_o necessity_n shall_v not_o have_v make_v use_n of_o so_o noble_a a_o faculty_n for_o the_o conduct_n of_o beast_n since_o those_o which_o be_v more_o proper_a and_o as_o it_o be_v domestic_a may_v alone_o have_v satisfy_v thereunto_o for_o all_o what_o appear_v most_o wonderful_a in_o their_o action_n may_v and_o aught_o to_o have_v reference_n either_o to_o instinct_n memory_n or_o custom_n whereunto_o we_o have_v answer_v that_o with_o they_o we_o acknowledge_v all_o these_o cause_n but_o that_o we_o believe_v that_o they_o do_v not_o exclude_v reason_n and_o that_o all_o action_n which_o beast_n perform_v out_o of_o custom_n instruction_n or_o instinct_n be_v do_v with_o ratiocination_n which_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o pursuit_n of_o our_o first_o book_n but_o because_o m_n c._n have_v force_v we_o to_o change_v this_o order_n we_o have_v employ_v in_o the_o three_o part_n all_o what_o concern_v instruction_n and_o custom_n and_o we_o reserve_v for_o the_o second_o book_n what_o belong_v to_o instinct_n so_o that_o we_o have_v here_o no_o more_o considerable_a objection_n to_o examine_v but_o only_o those_o which_o respect_n the_o deliberation_n and_o the_o language_n of_o beast_n they_o say_v then_o that_o if_o beast_n be_v capable_a of_o reason_n they_o will_v also_o have_v power_n to_o deliberate_v and_o consequent_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v free_a indetermine_v and_o therefore_o endue_v with_o a_o universal_a faculty_n which_o always_o presuppose_v a_o nature_n independent_a from_o the_o matter_n to_o which_o we_o have_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o to_o reason_n one_o must_v deliberate_a since_o we_o often_o employ_v reason_n where_o there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o deliberation_n forasmuch_o as_o we_o can_v deliberate_v but_o when_o there_o be_v several_a mean_n find_v to_o attain_v some_o end_n and_o that_o we_o have_v the_o liberty_n to_o choose_v which_o we_o please_v that_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o beast_n shall_v deliberate_v because_o that_o beside_o that_o most_o common_o they_o have_v but_o one_o way_n to_o attain_v their_o end_n as_o that_o which_o their_o instinct_n teach_v they_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o then_o when_o they_o encounter_v several_a mean_n they_o present_o determine_v on_o that_o which_o first_o present_v its_o self_n or_o on_o the_o most_o efficacious_a and_o that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o liberty_n of_o choice_n have_v not_o a_o indifferent_a and_o universal_a faculty_n but_o altogether_o limit_v and_o determine_v as_o we_o have_v so_o often_o repeat_v it_o before_o m._n c._n begin_v to_o examine_v this_o answer_n he_o advertise_v the_o reader_n that_o in_o the_o design_n he_o have_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o ratiocination_n none_o ought_v to_o apprehend_v that_o he_o go_v about_o to_o transcribe_v all_o what_o logic_n teach_v concern_v the_o three_o operation_n of_o the_o understanding_n and_o of_o a_o truth_n this_o advice_n be_v both_o very_a judicious_a and_o very_a necessary_a for_o after_o have_v see_v the_o first_o proposition_n he_o bring_v forth_o it_o be_v very_o much_o to_o have_v be_v apprehend_v have_v he_o say_v more_o but_o that_o he_o will_v have_v spoil_v all_o what_o logic_n teach_v we_o thereupon_o in_o effect_n all_o the_o division_n he_o here_o make_v be_v imperfect_a and_o do_v not_o contain_v all_o the_o member_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v admit_v he_o bring_v only_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o simple_a affirmation_n the_o agreement_n which_o appear_v evident_a although_o there_o be_v another_o which_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n for_o the_o agreement_n may_v be_v certain_a without_o be_v evident_a as_o it_o be_v in_o proposition_n of_o faith_n in_o the_o second_o place_n he_o restrain_v ratiocination_n to_o a_o use_n which_o be_v more_o manifest_a be_v not_o the_o more_o noble_a for_o although_o it_o serve_v to_o clear_v doubtful_a thing_n yet_o be_v not_o that_o the_o only_a employment_n it_o have_v since_o it_o form_v the_o intelligence_n of_o man_n and_o angel_n where_o there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o doubt_n or_o suspension_n of_o judgement_n this_o action_n be_v perform_v in_o a_o instant_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o three_o part._n to_o conclude_v he_o shut_v up_o all_o ratiocination_n in_o two_o species_n the_o one_o which_o serve_v to_o acquire_v the_o science_n who_o object_n be_v alone_a knowledge_n and_o ground_n itself_o only_o on_o unchangeable_a principle_n and_o be_v call_v contemplation_n the_o other_o principle_n be_v a_o practical_a end_n and_o be_v call_v deliberation_n but_o this_o division_n be_v not_o exact_a and_o leave_v divers_a ratiocination_n which_o can_v neither_o be_v relate_v to_o contemplation_n nor_o to_o deliberation_n for_o if_o this_o be_v only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o morality_n as_o aristotle_n teach_v what_o will_v become_v of_o all_o topick_n and_o probable_a syllogism_n what_o will_v become_v of_o the_o counsel_n of_o war_n consultation_n in_o physic_n in_o a_o word_n of_o of_o all_o ratiocination_n which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o art_n for_o it_o will_v not_o belong_v to_o contemplation_n since_o its_o principle_n be_v neither_o necessary_a nor_o unchangeable_a nor_o to_o deliberation_n since_o they_o have_v no_o practical_a end_n as_o aristotle_n understand_v it_o but_o what_o say_v m.c_o it_o be_v aristotle_n himself_o have_v propose_v this_o division_n be_v there_o any_o appearance_n that_o he_o understand_v not_o what_o he_o best_o know_v and_o that_o he_o have_v not_o study_v the_o nature_n and_o condition_n of_o ratiocination_n we_o shall_v never_o be_v trouble_v with_o this_o thought_n and_o we_o know_v that_o in_o his_o work_n wherein_o he_o shall_v have_v examine_v the_o nature_n of_o ratiocination_n to_o the_o bottom_n he_o have_v very_o well_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o he_o have_v a_o perfect_a knowledge_n thereof_o but_o we_o also_o know_v that_o he_o have_v not_o equal_o everywhere_o treat_v of_o thing_n and_o that_o there_o be_v place_n where_o he_o have_v examine_v they_o with_o all_o subtlety_n and_o with_o all_o the_o delicacy_n of_o science_n and_o other_o wherein_o he_o have_v speak_v but_o superficial_o and_o in_o most_o common_a notion_n it_o be_v what_o he_o say_v at_o the_o entry_n of_o his_o moral_n where_o he_o advertise_v the_o reader_n that_o in_o two_o sort_n of_o discourse_n he_o must_v not_o require_v a_o exact_a perquisition_n of_o thing_n but_o only_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o subject_n we_o treat_v and_o that_o his_o design_n be_v gross_o and_o superficial_o to_o touch_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o matter_n which_o ought_v to_o enter_v into_o this_o work_n after_o have_v so_o clear_o explicate_v himself_o be_v it_o handsome_a for_o m._n c._n in_o the_o dispute_n we_o have_v where_o it_o be_v in_o question_n punctual_o to_o observe_v the_o nature_n and_o condition_n of_o discourse_n to_o use_v those_o passage_n of_o the_o work_n wherein_o the_o author_n himself_o protest_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o speak_v exact_o of_o thing_n beside_o aristotle_n make_v not_o this_o division_n and_o be_v

a_o discourse_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o beast_n wherein_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v for_o and_o against_o their_o ratiocination_n be_v examine_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr chambre_fw-fr counsellor_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o his_o counsel_n and_o his_o physician_n in_o ordinary_a translate_v into_o english_a by_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n london●rinted_a ●rinted_z by_o tho._n newcomb_n for_o humphrey_n mosele_n at_o the_o prince_n arm_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n 1657._o to_o the_o reader_n this_o discourse_n be_v itself_o a_o apology_n and_o needs_o no_o other_o it_o witness_v the_o author_n sufficient_o learn_v to_o vindicate_v himself_o from_o the_o extravagancy_n of_o those_o who_o may_v think_v he_o guilty_a neither_o do_v i_o doubt_v but_o those_o who_o read_v he_o with_o judgement_n will_v rather_o submit_v then_o contest_v those_o truth_n which_o he_o advance_v and_o can_v but_o yield_v even_o to_o the_o probability_n of_o his_o paradox_n 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corporeal_a object_n to_o the_o necessity_n of_o life_n food_n and_o shelter_n it_o be_v only_o direct_v it_o be_v capable_a only_o of_o singular_n it_o be_v restrain_v to_o a_o opinative_a faculty_n it_o be_v a_o mere_a shadow_n of_o we_o much_o like_o that_o of_o our_o fantasy_n when_o we_o sleep_v so_o that_o they_o will_v have_v all_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n to_o believe_v that_o this_o opinion_n raise_v the_o reason_n of_o man_n to_o make_v the_o difference_n real_o essential_a to_o a_o intellectual_a faculty_n which_o tend_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o divine_a thing_n and_o declare_v the_o soul_n potential_o to_o be_v a_o spirit_n so_o that_o what_o we_o call_v intelligence_n in_o angel_n we_o may_v just_o call_v intellectual_a reason_n in_o man_n which_o as_o it_o be_v inferior_a to_o that_o so_o it_o be_v superior_a to_o that_o of_o beast_n which_o be_v sensual_a and_o corporeal_a whilst_o his_o be_v altogether_o spiritual_a these_o two_o main_a objection_n be_v answer_v it_o remain_v only_o that_o we_o shall_v by_o authority_n vindicate_v it_o from_o novelty_n tiresias_n melampus_n and_o apollonius_n be_v say_v to_o have_v understand_v their_o very_a language_n plato_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o golden_a age_n man_n reap_v all_o their_o knowledge_n from_o communication_n with_o they_o and_o although_o the_o scripture_n tell_v we_o of_o some_o beast_n that_o have_v no_o understanding_n yet_o it_o send_v we_o for_o instruction_n to_o other_o and_o philosophy_n acknowledge_v to_o have_v learn_v from_o they_o many_o of_o her_o art_n and_o science_n they_o have_v instruct_v we_o in_o physic_n even_o in_o morality_n nay_o they_o have_v teach_v we_o piety_n porphyrius_n plutarch_n raymondus_n sebondus_fw-la for_o who_o also_o montaign_a in_o his_o essay_n have_v write_v a_o apology_n be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o our_o author_n and_o if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o reason_n of_o these_o and_o other_o learned_a man_n why_o they_o have_v allow_v reason_n to_o beast_n take_v these_o in_o brief_a that_o most_o animal_n have_v organ_n fit_a and_o faculty_n like_o we_o in_o anatomy_n the_o very_a cell_n of_o their_o brain_n nothing_o different_a that_o their_o industry_n not_o only_o equal_v but_o often_o surpass_v that_o of_o man_n essence_n and_o property_n be_v know_v but_o by_o effect_n it_o be_v not_o more_o reasonable_a to_o conclude_v that_o beast_n do_v reasonable_a thing_n have_v a_o reasonable_a faculty_n then_o to_o affirm_v that_o the_o effect_n be_v not_o reasonable_a because_o beast_n have_v not_o a_o reasonable_a faculty_n the_o effect_n appear_v the_o power_n be_v occult_a that_o they_o seek_v necessary_n without_o be_v instruct_v and_o of_o themselves_o invent_v the_o mean_n to_o acquire_v they_o that_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o discipline_n even_o contrary_a to_o their_o own_o nature_n that_o most_o of_o they_o can_v discern_v thing_n and_o can_v accommodate_v themselves_o to_o time_n place_n and_o other_o circumstance_n and_o according_o operate_v diverse_o so_o that_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o that_o they_o act_n formal_o for_o some_o end_n and_o know_v both_o that_o as_o the_o end_n and_o the_o mean_n to_o attain_v it_o as_o mean_n nay_o more_o that_o they_o tend_v to_o a_o felicity_n proportionable_a to_o their_o nature_n pleasure_n be_v their_o high_a good_a and_o grief_n their_o extremity_n of_o ill_a to_o conclude_v the_o great_a difficulty_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o the_o term_n those_o who_o call_v it_o instinct_n can_v deny_v but_o it_o act_v with_o reason_n and_o those_o that_o allow_v they_o reason_n deny_v it_o to_o be_v intellectual_a now_o if_o you_o require_v example_n out_o of_o history_n to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n if_o pliny_n elephant_n repeat_v his_o lesson_n in_o the_o moonshine_n be_v not_o to_o be_v credit_v nor_o ptolemy_n stag_n who_o understand_v greek_n nor_o plutarch_n dog_n who_o can_v counterfeit_v rhe_n very_a convulsion_n of_o death_n nor_o that_o goose_n which_o be_v disciple_n to_o a_o philosopher_n what_o shall_v we_o say_v to_o a_o ape_n that_o can_v play_v at_o chess_n or_o of_o another_o that_o have_v learn_v some_o touch_n upon_o the_o guitar_n but_o let_v who_o will_v judge_v of_o francis_n the_o first_o be_v dog_n that_o king_n have_v lose_v his_o glove_n as_o he_o be_v hunt_v and_o have_v send_v he_o in_o search_n of_o it_o and_o he_o after_o a_o tedious_a inquiry_n return_v without_o it_o be_v remand_v by_o his_o master_n run_v direct_o to_o paris_n and_o leap_v up_o at_o a_o stall_n where_o he_o have_v former_o observe_v glove_n hang_v out_o and_o tear_n down_o a_o pair_n and_o carry_v they_o three_o league_n back_o again_o to_o the_o king_n let_v they_o i_o say_v judge_n whether_o this_o action_n be_v not_o from_o discourse_n sure_o i_o be_o it_o can_v not_o be_v from_o his_o scent_n if_o you_o desire_v more_o fit_a example_n more_o pregnant_a reason_n

all_o thing_n he_o deceive_v himself_o he_o will_v without_o doubt_n say_v that_o they_o stay_v less_o on_o universal_a notion_n because_o they_o go_v to_o the_o particular_a difference_n of_o thing_n so_o that_o grosser_n spirit_n which_o can_v penetrate_v so_o far_o be_v force_v to_o stop_v at_o universal_a notion_n but_o indeed_o a_o man_n have_v need_n of_o less_o spirit_n to_o know_v commonalty_n and_o resemblance_n then_o to_o discern_v difference_n i_o confess_v it_o if_o a_o man_n know_v not_o the_o difference_n but_o he_o must_v also_o confess_v that_o he_o have_v need_n of_o more_o spirit_n to_o know_v community_n with_o the_o difference_n then_o if_o the_o community_n be_v unknown_a now_o the_o difference_n can_v be_v know_v unless_o we_o know_v the_o community_n he_o add_v beside_o that_o every_o time_n that_o our_o reason_n make_v a_o progress_n from_o a_o particular_a knowledge_n to_o a_o universal_a conclusion_n the_o conclusion_n be_v more_o confuse_a and_o more_o imperfect_a than_o the_o knowledge_n whence_o it_o be_v draw_v here_o be_v a_o new_a rule_n of_o logic_n which_o m._n c._n will_v introduce_v which_o never_o any_o thought_n before_o for_o it_o be_v a_o unknown_a thing_n in_o a_o syllogism_n to_o draw_v a_o universal_a conclusion_n from_o a_o particular_a knowledge_n and_o without_o doubt_n before_o he_o establish_v this_o maxim_n he_o must_v ruin_v that_o which_o teach_v that_o the_o conclusion_n ever_o follow_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o most_o imperfect_a of_o the_o antecedent_n proposition_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o of_o these_o particular_a or_o negative_a the_o conclusion_n ought_v to_o be_v so_o too_o i_o know_v a_o man_n may_v make_v enthymema's_n where_o the_o antecedent_n shall_v be_v particular_a and_o the_o conclusion_n universal_a but_o beside_o that_o this_o form_n be_v condemn_v as_o vicious_a there_o be_v ever_o a_o universal_a proposition_n or_o a_o induction_n which_o maintain_v the_o universality_n of_o the_o conclusion_n thus_o to_o say_v peter_n be_v reasonable_a then_o every_o man_n be_v reasonable_a this_o consequence_n must_v be_v ground_v on_o the_o induction_n which_o be_v make_v that_o peter_n john_n james_n etc._n etc._n be_v reasonable_a now_o this_o induction_n have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o universal_a proposition_n and_o therefore_o we_o need_v not_o wonder_v if_o the_o consequence_n be_v universal_a whether_o general_a knowledge_n be_v more_o confuse_v than_o the_o particular_a but_o put_v the_o case_n that_o we_o may_v draw_v these_o kind_n of_o consequence_n be_v it_o true_a that_o they_o be_v more_o confuse_v and_o more_o imperfect_a than_o the_o particular_a knowledge_n whence_o they_o be_v draw_v first_o as_o for_o confusion_n the_o distinction_n be_v here_o to_o be_v use_v which_o we_o at_o first_o propose_v and_o we_o must_v say_v that_o if_o we_o conceive_v in_o a_o universal_a conclusion_n the_o universality_n as_o a_o degree_n of_o essence_n which_o make_v part_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o particular_a thing_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o render_v the_o knowledge_n more_o confuse_v it_o render_v it_o more_o precise_a and_o distinct_a that_o if_o we_o conceive_v it_o as_o a_o whole_a i_o confess_v that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o part_n it_o comprehend_v it_o be_v more_o confuse_a but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o particular_a thing_n whence_o it_o be_v draw_v i_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v confuse_v since_o it_o contain_v all_o the_o distinction_n and_o evidence_n which_o this_o can_v have_v as_o for_o imperfection_n i_o never_o hear_v say_v that_o a_o demonstration_n who_o conclusion_n be_v ever_o universal_a shall_v be_v less_o perfect_a than_o a_o topick_n syllogism_n who_o conclusion_n be_v particular_a yes_o but_o it_o be_v more_o confuse_a be_v it_o true_a the_o confusion_n that_o accompany_v the_o extent_n of_o the_o knowledge_n import_v more_o perfection_n than_o the_o distinction_n which_o be_v restrain_v to_o a_o particular_a knowledge_n yes_o but_o 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will_v answer_v they_o on_o the_o proposition_n they_o make_v that_o angel_n have_v idea_n and_o species_n more_o universal_a according_a as_o their_o nature_n be_v more_o perfect_a and_o that_o they_o be_v of_o a_o more_o elevate_a order_n for_o as_o for_o what_o concern_v philosopher_n which_o hold_v that_o universal_a knowledge_n be_v more_o excellent_a more_o evident_a in_o themselves_o and_o more_o conformable_a to_o the_o understanding_n and_o it_o be_v to_o profane_v they_o as_o plato_n say_v to_o bring_v they_o down_o to_o particular_a thing_n i_o know_v that_o m._n c._n will_v not_o believe_v in_o they_o the_o three_o reason_n import_v that_o its_o impossible_a to_o reason_n without_o make_v use_n of_o general_a term_n and_o without_o form_v universal_a notion_n and_o that_o therefore_o our_o reason_n have_v no_o advantage_n over_o that_o of_o beast_n and_o that_o in_o that_o point_n there_o can_v not_o be_v observe_v any_o essential_a difference_n there_o be_v no_o proposition_n in_o all_o this_o discourse_n but_o be_v false_a as_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o the_o 99_o 123_o etc._n etc._n page_n where_o i_o have_v show_v that_o general_a term_n lose_v their_o generality_n when_o they_o be_v accompany_v with_o a_o pronoun_n demonstrative_a or_o with_o some_o such_o like_a restriction_n and_o that_o when_o logic_n require_v universal_a notion_n or_o proposition_n to_o discourse_n its_o intellectual_a logic_n and_o not_o that_o which_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o imagination_n which_o have_v its_o rule_n apart_o which_o can_v form_v syllogism_n without_o employ_v any_o universal_a notion_n and_o which_o consequent_o may_v draw_v assure_v knowledge_n from_o particular_a proposition_n and_o without_o doubt_n have_v m._n c._n foresee_v the_o truth_n which_o i_o demonstrate_v in_o these_o place_n he_o will_v not_o have_v so_o light_o hazard_v to_o have_v say_v here_o that_o my_o mind_n be_v divert_v when_o i_o write_v that_o a_o man_n may_v draw_v a_o assure_a knowledge_n of_o proposition_n which_o be_v not_o particular_a that_o the_o maxim_n of_o logic_n teach_v the_o nullity_n of_o these_o consequence_n and_o that_o i_o will_v have_v say_v singular_n by_o reason_n of_o certain_a syllogism_n which_o the_o school_n call_v expository_n which_o from_o singular_a proposition_n infer_v a_o singular_a conclusion_n let_v he_o therefore_o know_v that_o i_o have_v most_o serious_o think_v on_o what_o i_o say_v of_o these_o proposition_n and_o that_o i_o call_v they_o particular_n in_o the_o sense_n they_o ought_v and_o as_o they_o be_v common_o take_v in_o the_o school_n for_o when_o we_o oppose_v these_o proposition_n to_o those_o which_o be_v universal_a we_o under_o that_o word_n comprehend_v all_o proposition_n which_o be_v not_o universal_a whether_o particular_a or_o singular_a in_o effect_n be_v this_o syllogism_n propose_v to_o m.c._n some_o man_n be_v just_a peter_n be_v a_o man._n then_o peter_n be_v just_a with_o reason_n a_o man_n may_v say_v it_o be_v to_o blame_v because_o its_o all_o compose_v of_o particular_a proposition_n whence_o legitimate_o nothing_o can_v be_v conclude_v yet_o at_o his_o reckon_n it_o will_v be_v find_v the_o first_o be_v only_o particular_a the_o second_o be_v singular_a it_o must_v also_o be_v that_o when_o we_o say_v that_o to_o form_v a_o argument_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n such_o a_o proposition_n must_v be_v particular_a it_o be_v not_o such_o as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v be_v singular_a term_n use_v and_o that_o so_o this_o syllogism_n will_v not_o be_v regular_a every_o man_n be_v reasonable_a peter_n be_v a_o man._n then_o peter_n be_v reasonable_a because_o therein_o be_v no_o particular_a proposition_n as_o m.c._n say_v i_o shall_v therefore_o advise_v he_o to_o take_v a_o review_n of_o his_o logic_n to_o learn_v not_o only_o that_o this_o word_n of_o particular_a aught_o often_o to_o be_v take_v for_o singular_a but_o a_o so_o that_o the_o expositive_a syllogism_n be_v more_o useful_a and_o more_o