seuenteenth of April sent his reasons of not comming First iustifying his relaps into disloialty by the truce not obserued to him and because restitution was not made him of preyes taken from him which was promised Then excusing his not meeting because his pledges by the truce being from three moneths to three moneths to be changed were still detained yea his pledges the second time put in were kept together with the first And saying that he durst not come to the Lord Generall because many promises by him made being not kept he knew it was much against his honourable mind and so could not be perswaded but that the Lord Generall was ouerruled by the Lord Deputy so as he could not make good his promises without the Lord Deputies consent who shewed malice to him and was no doubt the cause of all the breaches of such promises as had beene made vnto him Againe in regard he heard that the Lord Bourgh was to come ouer Lord Deputy who was altogether vnknowne to him he protested to feare that the acts of the Lord Generall with him would not be made good wishing that rather the Lord Generall might be continued in his command for then he would be confident of a good conclusion Finally he desired a meeting neere Dundalke the sixe and twenty of Aprill but this appointment for the day being against the last finall resolution and for the place against her Maiesties directions there was no more speech of this treaty In the meane time Sir William Russell Lord Deputy by the managing of those and like affaires finding himselfe not duly countenanced out of England in the place he sustained had made earnest suit to be called home and accordingly about the end of May he was reuoked and the Lord Bourgh so he himselfe writes others write Burke and Camden writes Borough came ouer Lord Deputy The ill successe of the treaties and small progresse of the warres together with this vnexpected change of the Lord Deputy comming with supreme authority as well in martiall as ciuill causes brake the heart of Sir Iohn Norryes Lord Generall a leader as worthy and famous as England bred in our age Of late according to vulgar speech he had displeased the Earle of Essex then a great fauourite in Court and by his merites possessed of the superintendency in all martiall affaires For Sir Iohn Norryes had imbraced the action of Brest Fort in Britany and the warres in those parts when the Earle himself had purpose to entertaine them and preuailed against the Earle by vndertaking them with lesse forces then the Earle desired for the same And it was thought that the Earle had preferred the Lord Bourgh of purpose to discontent him in regard the said Lord Bourgh had had a priuate quarrell with the said Generall in England and that besides the superiour command of this Lord though otherwise most worthy yet of lesse experience in the warres then the Generall had could not but be vnsupportable to him esteemed one of the greatest Captaines of his time and yet hauing inferiour command of the Presidentship of Mounster in the same Kingdome Certainely vpon the arriuall of this new Lord Deputy presently Generall Norryes was commanded to his gouernement of Mounster and not to stirre thence without leaue When he came thither this griefe so wrought vpon his high spirit as it apparantly brake his braue and formerly vndaunted heart for without sickenes or any publike signe of griefe he suddenly died in the imbrace of his deere brother Sir Thomas Norreys his vicepresident within some two moneths of his comming into Mounster The Lord Bourgh at his entry into the place of Lord Deputy found all the North in Rebellion except seuen Castles with their Townes or Villages all but one lying towards the sea namely Newry Knockfergus Carlingford Greene-Castle Armagh Dondrom and Olderfleet And all Connaght was likewise in Rebellion together with the Earle of Ormonds nephewes the Butlers in Mounster In this moneth of May Ororke was sent into England by the King of Scots and there executed This Ororke seemes to haue beene expelled his Countrey when Sir Richard Bingham was Gouernour of Connaght but those of his name and the chiefe of them vsurping the Countrey of Letrym still continued Rebels Tyrone hitherto with all subtilty and a thousand sleights abusing the State when he saw any danger hanging ouer him by fained countenance and false words pretended humblest submission and hearty sorrow for his villanies but as soone as opportunity of pursuing him was omitted or the forces were of necessity to be drawne from his Countrey with the terror of them all his loyalty vanished yea he failed not to mingle secretly the greatest Counsels of mischiefe with his humblest submissions And these courses had beene nourished by the sloth of our Leaders the frugality of some of our counsellers and the Queenes inbred lenity yet of all other he had most abused the late Lord Generals loue to him and his credulity which specially grew out of his loue Now of this new Lord Deputy by letters hee requested a truce or cessation which it seemed good to the Lord Deputy to grant for a moneth in regard of the conueniency of her Maiesties present affaires not any way to gratifie the Rebell for he had no purpose to entertaine more speech of his submission or to slacke the pursuit of him and his confederates to which he was wholly bent He saw the lamentable effects which these cessations together with protections had hitherto produced and among other euils did specially resolue to auoid them Therefore assoone as the moneth of truce was expired the Lord Deputy aswell by his first actions to giue luster and ominous presage to his gouernement as because he iudged it best for the seruice to strike at the head presently drew the Forces towards Tyrone The Irish in a fastnes neere Armagh so they call straight passages in woods where to the natural strength of the place is added the art of interlacing the low bowes and casting the bodies of trees acrosse the way opposed the passage of the English who made their way with their swords and found that the Irish resolutely assaulted would easily giue ground Then the Lord Deputy assaulted the Fort of Blackewater formerly built by the English vpon the passage to Dungannon whence the Eurle at his first entering into rebellion had by force expelled the English as carefully as he would haue driuen poyson from his heart This Fort he soon wonne and repayring the same put a company of English souldiers into it to guard it But 〈◊〉 the Lord Deputy with the whole army were rendering thanks to God for this good succesle the 〈◊〉 shewed themselues out of the thicke woods neere adioyning on the North-side of the Fort so as the prayers were interrupted by calling to armes The English entered 〈◊〉 and preuayled against them driuing them to styeinto the thickest of their dens In this conflict were killed Francis Vaughan
confident assurance shortly to haue new supplies of all things Adding that he preserued his strength to be able to front vs in a breach which their hearts not failing they had hands and brests to stop against trebble our forces though he would giue the Viceroy that right that his men were passing good yet spent and tired with a Winters siege obstinately continued beyond his expectation but with such caution and so good guard as he hauing watched all aduantages could neuer make a salley without losse to his part wherein hee acknowledged himselfe much deceiued that grounding vpon some errour in our approches he had promised himselfe the defeate of one thousand men at least and at one blow but said he when we meete in the breach I am confident vpon good reasons to lay fiue hundred of your best men on the earth which losse will make a great hole in your Armie that hath already suffered such extremity Lastly he concluded that the King his Master sent him to assist the two Counts O Neale and O Donnel and he presuming on their promises to ioyne their forces with his within few daies had first long expected them in vaine and sustained the Viceroyes Army and at last had seene them drawne to the greatest head they could make lodged neere Kinsale reinforced with Companies of Spaniards euery hower promising him reliefe and at last broken with a handfull of men and blowne asunder into diuers parts of the World O Donnell into Spaine O Neale into the furthest North so as now finding no such Counts in rerum Natura to vse his very words with whom he was commanded to ioine he had moued this accord the rather to disingage the King his Master from assisting a people so weake as he must beare all the burthen of the war and so perfidious as perhaps in requitall of his fauour they might at last bee wonne to betray him Relation of this conference being made to the Lord Deputy and Counsell they considered that the treasure that Don Iean brought was at first but one hundred thousand Ducates whereof the greatest part could not but be spent in paying his souldiers 4 moneths and other occasions of expence for which and other good reasons they concluded not to stand vpō the first article especially since many strong reasons made the agreement as it was honorable so to seeme very profitable to the State of England namely that our Army was wasted tired with the winters siege That it was dangerous to attempt a breach defended with so many able men That if wee should lodge in the breach yet they hauing many strong Castles in the Towne so much time might be spent ere we could carry it as our Fleete for want of victuals might bee forced to leaue vs. That at this time our Army was onely prouided for sixe dayes That we had not munition or Artillerie to make any more then one batterie in one place at once fiue of our pieces being crased That vpon any disaster befalling vs the Irish were like to reuolt That besides the taking of Kinsale the other places held by the Spaniards as Baltymore Custle hauen and Beare-hauen would haue made a long and dangerous warre with infinite charge to the State of England they being strongly fortified and well stored with all prouisions of warre and our Army being so tired as it could not attempt them without being first refreshed and then being supplied with all necessaries to the vnsupportable charge of our Sate must haue been carried by Sea to those places vnaccessable by land Lastly that in this time the King of Spaine could not but send them powerfull seconds being thus farre ingaged in his Honour Besides that by this long warre wee should bee hindred from prosecution of the Rebels who were now so broken as in short time they must needes be brought to absolute subiection After many goings to and fro certaine Articles were agreed vpon the second of Ianuary towards the end of the yeere 1601 according to the English who end and begin the yeere at our Lady day in Lent but the Articles beare date the twelfth of Ianuarie 1602 after the new stile and according to the Spanish manner to begin the yeere the first day of the same moneth The Lord Deputy gaue me the said Articles in English to be faire written that the coppy thereof being signed by both the Generals might be sent into England And likewise his Lordship commanded me to translate the same Articles into the Lattin and Italian tongues that two coppies of each being signed by the Generals one of each might remaine with the Lord Deputy and the others be sent to the King of Spaine These Articles follow word by word in English as they were signed by the Lord Deputy and the Spanish Generall Mountioy IN the Towne of Kinsale in the Kingdome of Ireland the twelfth of the moneth of Ianuary 1602 betweene the noble Lords the Lord Mountioy Lord Deputy and Generall in the Kingdome of Ireland for her Maiesty the Queene of England and Don Iean de l'Aguyla Captaine and Campe-Master Generall and Gouernour of the Army of his Maiesty the King of Spaine the said Lord Deputy being encamped and besieging the said Towne and the said Don Iean within it for iust respects and to auoide shedding of blood these conditions following were made betweene the said Lords Generals and their Campes with the Articles which follow 1 First that the said Don Iean de l'Aguyla shall quit the places which he holds in this Kingdome as well of the Towne of Kinsale as those which are held by the souldiers vnder his command in Caste-Hauen Baltimore and the Castle at Beere-Hauen and other parts to the said Lord Deputy or to whom he shall appoint giuing him safe transportation and sufficient for the said people of ships and victuals with the which the said Don Iean with them may goe for Spaine if he can at one time if not in two shippings 2 Item that the souldiers at this present being vnder the command of Don Iean in this Kingdome shall not beare Armes against her Maiesty the Queene of England wheresoeuer supplies shall come from Spaine till the said souldiers bee vnshipped in some of the Ports of Spaine being dispatched assoone as may be by the Lord Deputy as he promiseth vpon his faith and honour 3 For the accomplishment whereof the Lord Deputy offereth to giue free pasport to the said Don Iean and his Army as well Spaniards as other Nations whatsoeuer that are vnder his command and that hee may depart with all the things hee hath Armes Munition Money Ensignes displaied Artillery and other whatsoeuer prouisions of warre and any kind of stuffe as well that which is in Castle-Hauen as Kinsale and other parts 4 Item That they shall haue ships and victuals sufficient for their money according and at the prices which here they vse to giue that all the people and the said things may be
The Turkes Polonians Sweitzers Bohemians Danes English Scots and Irish haue few Forts or fortified places The Kings of England haue caused such to be dismantled and puld downe as incouragement to the Nobles to contemne their authoritie onely at Barwick against the bordering Scots and at 〈◊〉 against the neighbouring French they haue maintained fortifications to hinder incursion The Turkes neither fortifie themselues nor maintaine the strong places they haue conquered from Christians In Denmarke the Citic Kopenhagen and in Poland Crakaw and Warsaw are in some sort fortified And in Ireland the English of late haue made small Forts vpon some few Hauens to preuent forraigne inuasion and in some inland territories to suppresse the rebellious inclination of some Irish Lords Otherwise in the said Kingdomes if any Cities be compassed with walles they are ready to fall for age and are rather fit to resist the first fury of ill armed mutiners then to indure a sharpe siege or the very sight of the Cannon Like are most of the Cities in Italy only at Naples and at Milan there be two strong forts and at Rome a strong Castle and in Lombardy and especially in the State of Venice many Cities and some Forts made as strong as huge charge and exquisit art can make them CHAP. III. Of Germany Boemerland and Sweitzerland touching the Geographicall description the situation the fertilitie the trafficke and the diet THE Geographers search out the greatnesse of the Globe and of all the parts in the superficies thereof by the helpe of the Celestiall circles fitted to the Conuex or bending of the earth The circles of heauen are of two sorts the greater and the lesse The greater are sixe in number the AEquator Zodiake two Colun Meridian and Horizon Of which the Geographers in the description of the World onely make vse of the AEquator and Meridian The AEquator compasseth the middle swelling of the 〈◊〉 Sphere betweene both the Poles of the world and the greatest conuexitie or bending therof from the East towards the West to which circle when the Sun is come by his proper motion in each yeere twice it makes two Equinoctials that is day and night of equall length one in the Spring the other at the fall of the leafe The circle in the conuex or bending superficies of the earth that is directly and perpendicularly vnder the said AEquator is called the AEquator of the earth and compassing the earth from the East to the West diuides it into two Hemispheres that is halfe Spheres the Northerne and the Southerne The Meridian Circle is drawne through the Poles of the Heauen in which the Meridians meete and through the verticall point that is the point right ouer head of each place whether the Sunne being come by his accidentall motion in each day it makes noone aboue the Horizon and midnight vnder the Horizon or with the Antipodes The Circle in the conuex or bending of the earth directly and perpendicularly vnder this circle Meridian passing by the extreme points of the earth that are vnder the Poles and by any appointed place in the superficies or vpper face of the earth is called a Meridian of the earth And because there is no certaine number of particular places on the earth it follows that the Meridians are innumerable so as euery place distant from another towards the East or West hath his owne peculiar Meridian diuers from the Meridian of another place Yet for making of maps and like vses the Geographers appoint one hundred eighty Meridians namely ninty Easterly and nintie Westerly The lesser circles are called Paralells that is equally distant because hauing relation one to the other or to any of the great circles they are in all parts equally distant For al lesser circles haue relation to one of the greater and are called the paralells of this or that greater circle But here onely mention is made of the Paralells referred to the AEquator which are lesser circles drawne neere the AEquator from East towards West or contrary by the vertical points of seueral places in heauen or by the places themselues in the vpper face of the earth they are the greater the neerer they are to the AEquator the lesser as they are more distant from the same towards either Pole and the Geographeis call them Northerne Paralells which are neare the AEquator in the Northerne Hemisphere and Southerne Paralells which are so drawne in the Southerne Hemisphere Also as there is no certaine number of particular places so the Paralells are innumerable in so much as each place vpon the vpper face of the earth distant from another towards the North or South hath his pecular verticall Paralell Yet vsually the Geographers number 180 Paralells namely ninty Northerne and ninty Southerne Of this number are the foure Paralells which include the foure Zones or girdles by which the vpper face of the earth is distinguished into Climes and the AEquator in the middest of them and greatest of them is ioyned to them and makes the fifth Zone The whole circle of the AEquator or Meridian containes 360 degrees whereof each consists of 60 minutes About 500 stadia make a degree 125 paces make a stadium an Italian mile makes 8 stadia a French mile 12 a German mile 32 so as 1 degree containes 62 Italian miles and a half or 15 common German miles and a half and half quarter Although the earth be conuex or bending and sphericall orround yet in a certaine respect they giue to the same from West to East or contrarily a Longitude in the AEquator and Paralells and like wise from the South to the North or contrarily a Latitude in the Meridians And howsocuer the earth in his vpper face by nature hath neither beginning nor ending yet they appoint the artificiall beginning of the Longitude in the Meridian Circle drawne by the Fortunate or Canary Ilands and therefore call it the first Meridian and so proceeding from it towards the West or the East they reckon the Longitude of the earth For example two Meridians being drawne the first by the Canary Ilands the second by any place whose situation is inquired as many degrees as are sound in the Paralell circle proper to the said place from the first Meridian to the proper Meridian of the place of so many degrees is the Longitude of that place said to be In like sort the circle AEquator and the Paralell circle of the place whose situation is inquired being drawne as many degrees as are included in the Meridian circle of that place from the AEquator to the Paralell of the place of so many degrees is the Latitude of that place said to bee As the Paralells are of two sorts so is the Latitude namely Northerne from the AEquator towards the Northerne Pole and Southerne from the same towards the Southerne Pole Also the Longitude in like sort but imaginarily is said to be Easterly
whom we appoint successours to vs dying without heire Also there were these verses shewing by numerall letters the antiquity of Prage Vniuersity from the yeere 867. though the Colledges there about ruined scarce shew any shadow of this Vniuersity HaeC sChoLm qVo SLV I Das unno est erecta sub auras Ostenait rVbrae LItera picta notae The numerall great letters shew the yeere This vniuersall Schoole was founded here In the Church of the Emperours Castle these things are to be seene A faire Chappell named after the Emperours sister married to the French King and crowned Queene of the French Another Chappell belonging to the Barons called Popelij the greatest family of the Kingdome next to the Baron of Rosenberg which Chappell is proper to them for buriall and is dedicated to S t Andrew the Apostle In the Emperours Church is a Monument of Rodolphus the second then liuing Emperour built of white marble and compassed with grates of iron In the same place lie buried Charles the fourth in the yeere 1378. Wenceslaus in the yeere 1419. Ladislaus in the yeere 1459. Ferdinand the fourth in the yeere 1564. Maximillian the second in the yeere 1577. all being Arch-dukes of Austria and Emperours and George Pogiebrachius a Bohemian and King of Bohemia To all these is one Monument erected and that of small beauty In the same Church is the Monument of a Bishop who being the Queenes Confessour was cast into Molda because he would not reueale her confession to her husband Wenceslaus They doe so reuerence the Monument of this Bishop since made a Saint by the Pope as they thinke he shall die with shame that passeth by it without reuerence In Old Prage towards the South and vpon the East side of Molda there is an old Pallace where they shew a trap-doore by which the Queene was wont to slide downe into a Bath where shee vsed to satisfie her vnlawfull lust In the same place is grauen the leape of a horse no lesse wonderfull then Byards fabulous leape The House of Kelley a famous English Alcumist was of old a Sanctuary and built for an order of Friers vpon the gate whereof these verses are written Has aedes veterum fauor clementia Regum Omnibus exemptas Legibus esse dedit Audeat ergò iugum nemo his seruile minari Quos hic cum Vrabsky curat alitque Deus This house through old Kings Clemency Free from all Lawes no threats respects Dare not fright them with slauery Whom vnder God Vrabsky protects In the Senate house the City Armes are painted being a Castle with three Towers ore and two Lions argent Langed gules are the supporters and these Verses are written vpon the Armes Qui dedit haec veteri turrita insignia Pragae Omina venturae sortis amica dedit Mole sua vt celsae transcendunt moenia Turres Sic famum superas inclita Praga tuam Who so these towred Armes to old Prage gaue Gaue lucky signes of future happinesse For as the Towers ore top the walles most braue So Prage thou doest surpasse thy fame no lesse Not farre from Prage they say that the Crowne of the Kingdome is laid vp in Karlsteine Castle At Prage in Bethlem Church they shew a Pulpit in which Iohn Hus vsed to preach at the first reformation of Religion I liued at Prage some two moneths and being to depart from thence I would haue gone to Vienna the famous Fort against the Turkes but my desire to see Nurnberg and Augspurg so preuailed as I left that iourney which by chance happened better then I imagined for being called backe into the Low Countries as heereafter I shall relate I passed thence through Poland into Italy because France was shut vp by the ciuill warres and I euer shunned to goe twice one way and so had the opportunitie more fit then the former to see Vienna Now for their sakes who may passe from Prage to Vienna giue mee leaue to remember that in this way their is a Village called Chassel some nine miles from Prage where the famous Captaine of the Bohemians called Ziska lies buried who did lead the Hussites valiantly and being ready to die wished them to make a Drumme of his skinne ominating that the sound thereof would bee so terrible to the enemies as they would runne away such confidence had be in Armes as being dead he thought to terrifie his enemies In the beginning of the yeere 1592. I tooke my iourney from Prage to Nurnberg being sixe daies iourney The first day after dinner we went foure miles partly through rocky Mountaines partly through a fruitfull corne plaine and lodged at Berawn where a loafe of bread worth two third parts of a Creitzer was as big as a threepenny loafe in England by reason of the abundance of corne in that Country And heere each man paid for his supper fourteene Creitzers This Citie belongs to the family of the Poples The second day wee went foure miles to Zudermont all through Mountaines and Groues and two great Woods yet reasonably fruitfull in Corne and by the way we saw the City Bodly and the City Spil the fairest of that Kingdome next to Prage both belonging to the Emperour and two Castles belonging to the Barons Popeles and heere each man dined for sixteene Creitzers After dinner we went two miles to Pilsen halfe the way through Woods where is a little City Ruchtsan and halfe through Hils and Plaines fruitfull in Corne almost the whole Countrey of Bohemta being hilly and rich ground for Pasture and Corne and here we supped each man for twenty three Creitzers The third day wee went three miles to Kladen through pleasant Hils of Groues pasture and corne where each man dined for eighteene Creitzers After dinner we went three miles to Frawenberg through high Mountaines and great Woods hauing no great store of corne in all which territory the Cities and Villages acknowledge the Emperour for their supreme Lord as he is King of Bohemia For this Kingdome is not diuided as others be into Prouinces and Countries but into Noble-mens Territories Here we paied each man eight Creitzers for our supper and twelue for wine The fourth day wee went a mile and a halfe to a little riuer diuiding Bohemia or Boemerland from Germany through rocky Mountaines and many Woods of tall Fir trees fit to make Masts for Ships Then wee entred a Countrey belonging to that Elector Palatine of the Rheine which Elector is called vulgarly the Phaltz-graue and we came within halfe a mile to Weithawsan where each man dined for eighteene Creitzers After dinner we went two miles in the Phaltzgraues Countrey through woody Mountaines and one mile in the Landgraue of Leytenberg his Countrey through fruitfull corne fields and lodged at Shenhutton where each man paied six Creitzers for his supper and thirteene for wine For in these parts they drinke no beere as before but wine and that at a lower price then other where whether it bee natiue or
our bed but we were better prouided of Matterasses and quilts of our owne and though lying vpon the ground yet slept soundly because we were in safety The Italians in regard of their clime are very curious to receiue strangers in a time of plague and appoint chiefe men to the office of prouiding for the publike health calling the place where they meete the Office of Health Also without their Cities especially in the State of Venice they haue publike houses called Lazaretti and for the most part pleasantly seated whether passengers and Merchants with their goods must at their first ariuall retire till the Prouiders for Health haue curiously inquired if they come from any suspected place or haue any infectious sicknesse And here they haue all things necessary in abundance but may not conuerse or talke with any man till they obtaine the grant of free conuersation called la prattica or if any man speake with them he must be inclosed in the same house and because they stay fortie dayes there for the triall of their health this triall is called far'la Quarantana Moreouer they that goe by land in Italy must bring a Testimonie of Health called Boletino before they can passe or conuerse The Venetians are more curious in this then any other vsing this triall when there is no Plague I know not for what reason except it bee that the Citie of Constantinople is seldome or neuer free of the Plague whence many of their ships come or for that some mysterie for the good of traffick or of the Common-wealth lyes hidden vnder the pretence of this custome For no man dares enter the Citie and conuerse there till he haue gotten license of these Prouisors neither dare any Merchant dispose of his goods till they are brought to this house and there searched by the Officers if they see cause This Preface I make because the Iland of Candia is subiect to the Venetians and the Prior of this Monastery would in no sort giue vs free conuersation till by Letters wee had signified our state to the Prouisors of health residing at the chiefe City Candia and til they should send some answere backe vnto vs. In the meane time they shut vs vp in a garden house where we had plesant walkes and store of Oranges and like fruites and the Country people bringing vs Partridges and many good things to eate and my man hauing skill to dresse them and the Monkes furnishing vs with such necessaries as wee could not otherwise buy we wanted here no conuentence to make the time of our abode seeme shorter but onely good beds Thus I was forced to write this following Letter in the Italian tongue and to send a messenger with it to Candia the Chiefe City All'Illustr mo Excell mo Sig r il Sig r Nicolao Donati Proueditore Inquisitore Generale nel regno di Candia mio offeru mo SA Sig ria Illustr ma se degna intendere ch'io Fynes Morysoni Inghlese con vn'mio luome si siamo partiti a li tre di questo mese d'Alessandretta per venir'a la volta di Candia Et che in quel'paese tutti i contorni sono sani come porta la mia Patente netta sigillata col'solito sigillo di San ' Marco Il Patron'della Naue Francese in chi di la è imbarcato 〈…〉 non mantenendoci la suoa parola di metterci in terra in qualche buona villa di questa Isola ci mando con la suoa fregata a Calisminiones doueti lascio'soletti Di là ' con gran'disagio domandando la strada da i villani arriuammo a i vinti cinque del presente a San ' Maria Ogidietra doue i. Frati fin'che conoscano la volontà di vostra Eccellenza non ci vogliono dar'prattica in moda nessuno Et in quel ' mentre c'hanno rinchiso in vna casa a parte Il viaggio mio è di passar'piu inanzi fin'a Constantinopoli per i fatti dell ' Illust mo Ambasciatore d'Inghilterra Il perche humilmente suplico che suoa Eccell za se degna d' hauer rispetto d' vn'pouero forestiero anche natiuo d'vna Natione molto affectionata a la suoa et che per suoa gratia mi manda libera prattica accio che io possa seguitar'il mio viaggio che di qua oltre il rincrescimento della solitudine anche ogni cosu mi da noia Con questo assicur andomi che vostra Eccell za haurà compassione d'vn suo seruitore con disagi grandissimi per mar ' per terra battuto priegho Iddio per l' accrescimento del suo honore Et le bascio humilmente le mani Da San ' Maria Ogidietre ai vinti cinque d'Ottobre all' vso nuouo l' An. 1596 Divos Sig ria Illust ma Humil mo serui re Fynes Morysoni Of these Letters I receiued the following answere Al molto mag co Sig r il Sig re Fy Morysoni suo come fratello Molto mag co Sig r come fratello Per le vostre lettre scritte alli 2â— del presente al vso nuouo all ill mo Sig r Generali et da ss ss Eccell za maÌ„date qui all'officio nostro habbiamo veduto il suo bisogno desiderando fauorir'et agiutarla in questaoccasione con il riguardo anco della salute pub ca Mandiamo duoi stradiotti per accompagnarla con il suo huomo et condurla di qua doue sarà ben'trattata li si darà commodità di poter con l'occasione di qualche vassello seguitar ' il suo viazzo vsate prima le debite caâ—tele per assicuration ' delle cose di questo off Però S. S. senza pratticar ' altr te seguitarà questa guida che le mandiamo vegnerà di qua con animo consolato di trouar ' Christiani amici obedendo per adesso esseguendo l' ordine da noi dato a detti stradiotti come cirendiamo certi che farà Et. a. V. S. c ' offeriamo Di Candia Alli 20. a'Ottobre all' vso vecchio 1596. Perierà con essa la suoa fede sine patente Div. S come frat lli li proueditori alla Sanita ' These Letters follow translated into English To the most Illustrious and most excellent Lord the Lord Nicholas Donati Generall Preuisar and Inquisitor in the Kingdome of Candia my most respected MOst Illustrious c. Your Excellency may please to vnderstand that I Fynes Morison an Englishman with my seruant the third of this moneth set saile from Alexandretta to sayle into Candia and that those parts are free from all infectious sickenesse as appeares by my testimoniali sealed with the wonted seale of Saint Marke The Master of the French Shippe in which I passed broke his couenant with me in that he did not land vs in the Hauen of Candia the chiefe City of this Kingdome but sent vs in his boate to the wild Promontory Calisminiones
penny halfe-penny whereof eight make an English penny The Irish Histories report that a Bishop Iustice of Ireland vnder Iohn King of England did coyne moneys in Ireland of the same purenes and weight with the English And the Irish had a Mint-house at the beginning of Queene Elizabeths raigne But in our memory the Irish haue not enioyed any priuiledge of coyning moneys but haue continually receiued them from the Mint of England And for the most part of Queene Elizabeths Raigne they had the same coyne with the English saue that the Irish shillings were stamped with a Harpe the Armes of the Kingdome and being called Harpers were only worth 9 pence English But ciuill warre hauing set all Ireland in a combustion the same Queene more easily to subdue the rebels did take siluer coyne from the Irish some few yeers before her death paid her Army with a mixed base coyne which by Proclamation was commanded to bee spent and receiued for sterling siluer mony for no pieces of gold were at any time expressely coyned for the Irish. And this base mixed money had 3 parts of copper and the fourth part of siluer which proportion of siluer was in some part consumed by the mixture so as the English Goldsmiths valued a shilling thereof at no more then 2 siluer pence though they acknowledged the same to be worth 2 pence halfe penny At last the ciuill warre being appeased immediately before the Queenes death King Iames her successor in the yeere 1605 took away this mixed coine restored their old siluer harpers to the Irish. Moreouer in the happy beginning of King Iames his Raigne the Irish had the vnder written old coynes which Sir George Carey Knight at that time Lord Deputie and yet continuing Treasurer at wars for that Kingdome did so gather vp as at this day none of them are to be found These coynes were thus called First they had siluer groats called broad faced groates which of old were coyned for foure pence though some of them were now worth eight pence Also they had siluer groats called crosse-keele groats stamped with the Popes tripple Crowne likewise coined for foure pence but being of more value And these groats were either sent hither of old by the Popes or for the honour of them had this stampe set vpon them Lastly they had siluer groats of like value called Dominus groats of the Kings of England then called Domini that is Lords of Ireland Also they had Rex groats so called of the Kings of England after they had the stile of Kings of Ireland which were coyned for foure pence but by the mixture of copper were onely worth two pence Also they had white groats which were coyned for foure pence but of such base allay as nine of them were giuen for an English shilling They had little brasse pence and pence of a second kinde called Harpers being as big as an English shilling They had also brasse farthings called smulkins whereof foure made a penny Lastly there were lately found brasse coynes by plowing vp the earth whose stampe shewed that the Bishops of Ireland had of old the priuiledge of coyning And of all these moneys aforesaid some were coyned at London some at the Mint at Yorke and some at the Mint at Bristow in England Being to write of the diuers moneys of Germany I thinke fit first to set downe some Lawes of the Empire about coyning of moneys In the Diet or Parliament at Augsburg in the yeere 1551. it was decreed by the Emperour together with the Electors Princes States the Counsellors of those that were absent the Ambassadours and Substitutes that in the greater pieces of coynes to that piece included which is worth six creitzers the Mint-masters of a marke of Colen pure siluer should make eight gold guldens and a halfe with halfe a creitzer the gold gulden being esteemed at seuentie creitzers making in siluer ten guldens twelue creitzers and a halfe the siluer gulden being esteemed at sixtie creitzers And that hereafter in the sacred Empire the vnder written pieces of moneys should be coyned namely the great siluer piece and two halfes of the same answering in value to a gold gulden Also pieces of twenty creitzers twelue ten sixe three and one Also that the States according to the conditions of their Countreys should coyne for common vse certaine pieces of small moneys with pence and halfe pence That the Rhenish guldens of the Electors and the guldens answerable to them should be worth seuentie two creitzers And that all dollers being worth sixty six creitzers and so half dollers should be admitted by the Counsellers but for the rest that they should certifie the Emperor the true value of each to the end he might prescribe how each coyne according to the value made by them should be receiued and spent or prohibited And left the Empire should by fraudes suffer losse in the carrying out of vncoyned siluer and bringing in of forraine moneys it was in the means time decreed that no man should carry out of the Empire any vncoyned siluer and that those who had the Regall priuiledge of coyning should not fell the same to any other but vseit themselues with this condition that hereafter of a siluer marke of Colen weight they should make ten siluer guldens with twelue creitzers and a halfe the gulden being esteemed at sixtie creitzers so as in that summe there should be found a siluer Marke of the said weight excepting alwaies the charges of coyning for the smaller pieces of moneys And this to bee done vpon penaltie of losing that priuiledge Moreouer it was decreed that vpon paine of burning all men should abstaine from clipping and washing of coynes or any abasing of them with like fraudes Lastly it was decreed that the States hauing the priuiledge of coyning should not hereafter vpon penaltie bring any dollers guldens groshes or halfe or fourth parts of groshes to the mint excepting those who had mines of their owne who were not sorbidden to coyne as much gold and siluer as they had in their owne mines so they coyned according to the foresaid decree and that no other should coine any other gold then according to the value and weight vsed by the Emperor and the Princes of the Empire vpon the Rheine In the Dieta at Spyre in the yeere 1557 it was decreed that hereafter the stipends should be increased to the Assessors of the Imperiall Chamber so as a Gulden hauing beene giuen hitherto for 16. Batzen or sixty foure Creitzers should hereafter be paied from the Callends of Aprill in the yeere 1558 for seuenty seuen Creitzers Likewise in the Dieta at Augsburg in the yeer 1558 it was decreed that the following stipends should be paid to the Iudge and Assessors of that chamber Namely that the Iudge being an Earle or Baron should haue 2000. guldens and if he were a Prince his stipend should be increased That an Assessor being an Earle or Lord should haue
Fitten to Robert Annesley to Edward Barkley to Sir Henry Vthered to Sir William Courtney to Robert Strowde and to their heires were granted 96165 Acres with rents nine hundred three thirty pound foure shillings halfe penny sterling In Corke by patent to Vane Beacher to Henrie North to Arthur Rawlins to Arthur Hide to Hugh Cuffe to Sir Thomas Noris to Warham Sent-leger to S t Thomas Stoyes to Master Spencer to Thomas Fleetwood and Marmaduke Edmunds and to their heires were granted 88037 Acres with rents fiue hundred twelue pound seuen shillings sixe pence halfe penny sterling In Waterford and Tripperary by Patent to the Earle of Ormond to Sir Christopher Hatton to Sir Edward Fitton to Sir Walter Rawleigh and to their heires were granted 22910 Acres with rent three hundred and three pound three pence sterling These Vndertakers did not people these Seigniories granted them and their heires by Patent as they were bound with well affected English but either sold them to English Papists such as were most turbulent and so being daily troubled and questioned by the English Magistrate were like to giue the most money for the Irish land or otherwise disposed them to their best profit without respect of the publike good neither did they build Castles and doe other things according to their couenants for the publike good but onely sought their priuate ends and so this her Maiesties bounty to them turned not to the strengthning but rather to the weakening of the English Gouernement in that Prouince of Mounster Touching the Rebellion of the Earle of Tyrone the worthy Antiquary Camden mentioneth Neale the Great tyrannising in Vlster and great part of Ireland before the comming of Saint Patrick into that Kingdome about the yeere of our Lord 431 adding that this Family notwithstanding liued after more obscurely not onely till the English entered to conquer Ireland about the yeere 1169 but after that to the time that the Scots vnder Edward Bruce attempted to conquer that Kingdome about the yeere 1318. In which turbulent time Doneualdus O Neale started vp and in his letters to the Pope stiled himselfe King of Vlster and true Heire of all Ireland Further Camden addeth that after the appeasing of these troubles this new King vanished and his posteritie lurked in obscuritie till the Ciuill warres of England betweene the Houses of Yorke and Lancastar The seede whereof was sowne by Henry the fourth of Lancastar Family deposing Richard the second of Yorke Family and vsurping the Crowne though Henrie the fourth and his sonne Henrie the fifth by their valour so maintained this vsurpation as no Ciuill warre brake forth in their time nor so long as the noble Brothers of Henrie the fifth and Vncles to Henrie the sixth liued After betweene Henrie the sixth of Lancaster Family and Edward the fourth of Yorke Family this bloudy war was long continued but ended in the death of the next successor Richard the third a double Vsurper both of the House of Lancaster and the Heires of his Brother Edward the fourth of the House of Yorke After in the marriage of Henrie the seuenth with the Daughter and Heire of Edward the fourth both these Houses were vnited and so this bloudie warre well ended From this time behold the Pedigree of the Omales Owen Oneale Hugh mac Owen Art mac Hugh Neale Moore mac Art Hugh Mac Neale Moore Owen Mac Hugh Neale Moore offered to serue against traitor Hugh Foure sonnes Tirlogh Hugh Bryan and Henry liuing when Hugh Oneale rebelled Phileme Roc mac Art Henry Mac Phelime Roc. Turlogh Mac Henry of the Fuse Rebell with Hugh Fiue sonnes then liuing Henrie Mac Owen Oneale married the Daughter of Thomas Earle of Kildare a Giraldine Con More or Great married the Daughter of Gerald Earle of Kildare his Mothers Neece whose Father and himself waxing bold vpon the power of the Earles of Kildare tyrannised ouer the people and despised the titles of Earles Marquises Dukes or Princes in regard of that of Oneale Con Sirnamed Bacco or Lame succeeded Oneale who cursed his posterity if they should learne English fow Corne or build houses to inuite the English His power being suspected of Henrie the eight and the Kings power after the suppression of the Earles of Kildare being feared of him who had rebelled with the Earle he fayled into England and renouncing the name of Oneale and surrendring his Inheritance held by the Irish Law of Tanistry by which a man is preferred to a boy and the Vncle to that Nephew whose Grandfather ouer-liues the Father and commonly the most actiue Knaue not the next Heire is chosen had his land regraunted to him from the King vnder the great Scale of England as to his Vassall with title of Earle of Tyrone Thus in the three and thirty yeere of Henrie the eight an Act of Parliament was made in Ireland with consent of the three Estates of that Kingdome whereby the vsurpation of the title of Oneale was made capitall to this Family and King Henrie and his successors the former stile of Lords being changed were stiled Kings of Ireland and the Lawes of England were receiued to be of force in that Kingdome Phelime Hugh eldest sonne Turlogh Brasilogh Six sonnes at least then liuing and able to serue the Queene Shane or Iohn Oneale succeeding his Father by killing his Brother Matthew and vexing his Father to death was cruell and barbarous and tyrannically challenged the neighbour Lords to be his subiects as Mac Gennys Mac Guire Mac Mahown O Realy O Hanlon O Cahon Mac Brien O Hagan O Quin Mac Cartan Mac Donnell Galloglasse And when Henrie Sidney expostulated this being Lord Iustice in the absence of the Earle of Sussex Lord Deputy he offered to proue by writings that his Ancestors had this authoritie ouer them denying that his Father had any power to resigne his lands to the King which hee held onely for life by Tanistry Law without the consent of the people being to chuse Oneale that is the chiefe of the name Hee made warre against O Realy and imprisoned Collogh Mac Donnell But when Thomas Earle of Sussex L. Deputy led the English forces against him he by the counsel of the Earle of Kildare sailed into England and submitted himselfe to Q. Elizabeth and after for a while conformed himselfe to obedience and ciuilitie But when hee tirannised ouer the Irish Lords and they craued succour of Henrie Sidney Lord Deputy in the yeere 1565 he leading an Army against him seng Edward Randolph with seuen Companies of Foote and a Troope of Horse by Sea to Derry and Loughfoyle to assault the Rebell on the back Against whom the Rebell turning all his forces was so defeated as hee fled for succor to the Scots whose brother he had killed and they at first entertaining him wel after fell to words killed him in the yeere 1567. After in a Parliament at Dublin he was condemned of treason and his lands confiscated and a Law made that no
man should after that presume to take the name and title of Oneale He had three sonnes Henry Con and Tirlogh cast in prison by Hugh the Rebell Matthew Okelly till 15 yeres age reputed the son of a Black Smith at Dudalke giuen Con O Neale by a Smiths wife at her death This Bastard hee appointed to succeed him by the Kings letters Pattents at which time he was created Baron of Dungannon but he was killed in his Fathers life time by Shane the legitimate sonne of Con whose bastard this Matthew was Brian killed by Odonnel at the instance of Shane O Neale Hugh preserued by the English from Shane married the Daughter of Tirlogh Linnogh Oneale whom he put away by diuorce and after prooued an Arch-Rebell This Hugh sonne to the Bastard Matthew borne of a Smiths wife and reputed the Smiths sonne till he was fifteene yeeres of age liued sometimes in Ireland and much in the Court of England and was supported against Turlogh Linnogh Oneale with the title of Barron of Dungannon by his fathers right He had a troope of horse in Queene Elizabeths pay in the late warres of the Earle of Desmond in which and all occasions of seruice he behaued himselfe so valiantly as the Queene gaue him a yeerely pension of one thousand Markes He was of a meane stature but a strong body able to indure labors watching and hard fare being with all industrious and actiue valiant affable and apt to mannage great affaires and of a high dissembling subtile and profound wit So as many deemed him borne either for the great good or ill of his Countrey In an Irish Parliament he put vp his petition that by vertue of the letters Patents granted to his Grand-father to his Father his heires he might there haue the place and title of the Earle of Tyrone and be admitted to this his inheritance The title and place were there granted to him but the inheritance in regard the Kings of England by the attainder of Shane were thereof inuested was referred to the Queenes pleasure For the obtaining whereof Sir Iohn Perrot then Lord Deputie vpon his promise of a great rent to be reserued to the Crowne gaue him his letters of recommendation into England where he so well knew to humour the Court as in the yeere 1587 he got the Queenes Letters Pattents vnder the great Seale of England for the Earledome of Tyr-Oen without any reseruation of the rent he had promised to the I Deputy wherwith though his Lordship were offended in that the Pattent was not passed in Ireland and so the said rent omitted yet in reuerence to the great Lords who had procured this grant in England he did forbeare to oppose the same The conditions of this 〈◊〉 were that the bounds of Tyrone should be limited That one or two planet namely that of Blackwater should be reserued for the building of Forts and keeping of Garrisons therein That the sonnes of Shane and Tirlogh should be prouided for and that he should challenge no authoritie ouer the neighbour Lords bordering vpon Tyrone or any where out of that County And such were his indeauours in the Queenes seruice such his protestations of faith and thankfulnesse as Tirlogh Linnogh by the Queenes intercession was induced vpon certain conditions for his maintenance to surrender the County and all command in those parts vnto him Cormoe preserued from Shane by the English now rebelling with Hugh Neale Conuelagh Turlogh Lynnogh tooke the title of Oneale after Shane he was aged and so loued quietnesse the rather for feare of the children of Shane and of Matthew the Bastard He was obedient to the Queene but made warre vpon Odonnel the Iland Scots of whom he killed in the field Alexander Oge who murthered Shane Oneale Sir Arthur O Neale Knight liuing in this Rebellion This Sir Arthur serued the Queene against Hugh the Arch-Rebell who had two of his sons in prison but two or three other sonnes were with their father at Laughfoyle among the English The Spanish forsooth inuincible Nauy sent to inuade England in the yeere 1588 being dispersed and prouing nothing lessethen inuincible many of them were wrecked on the Coasts of Ireland whereof some were harboured by the Earle of Tyrone with whom since he was thought to haue plotted the following mischiefes And shortly after in the end of this yeere or beginning of the next Sir Iohn Perrot being reuoked Sir William Fitz-williams was sent Lord Deputy into Ireland I haue heard that he hauing been formerly Lord Deputy when he returned and sued for recompence of his seruice a great Lord should answer him that such imployments were preferments and not seruices to challenge reward And therefore it in this new imployment any shall thinke that he followed this counsell seeking to make it a preferment to him and his family I doe not much maruell thereat This I write of heare-say but as in the generall relation following I purpose to write nothing which is not warranted either by relations presented to the Queene by the principall Councellers of Ireland or by Letters interchanged betweene the States of England and Ireland or like authenticall writings so for the particular of the aboue named Lord Deputy if perhaps some may thinke any thing obserued by me to derogate from him I protest that whatsoeuer I write is in like sort warranted and may not be omitted without the scandall of Historicall integrity being obiections frequently made by the Rebels for excuse of their disloyalty aswell in all their petitions as treaties of peace But howsoeuer I cannot but mention these imputations yet I aduise the Reader to iudge of them as obiections of the Rebels who in their nature are clamorous and could no way make their excuse so plausible as by scandalizing the chiefe Gouernor And I further protest that as I shall in the due place once mention an honorable answer of this L. Deputy to part of the chief complaints made by the Irish against him so I would most willingly haue inserted his full iustification if any such memoriall had come to my hands Sir William Fitz-williams being Lord Deputy of Ireland Sir Iohn Norreys was Lord President of Mounster who made his brother Sir Thomas his Vice-president and Sir Richard Bingham was Gouernor of Connaght This Lord Deputy now againe entering the gouernement of Ireland that Kingdome was in the best estate that it had beene in of long time not only peaceable and quiet so as any the greatest Lord called by letter or messenger readily came to the State there and none of them were known to be any way discontented but also most plentifull in corne cattel and all manner of victuals But within three moneths after his taking of the sword some Irish informed him that the aboue named Spaniards last yeere wrecked on the Coasts of Connaght and Vlster had left with the Inhabitants in whose hands they fell great store of treasure and other riches This
brother to the Lord Deputies wife and Robert Turnour Seriant Mastor of the Army and two foster brethren to Henry 〈◊〉 of Kildare who with his troope of Horse valiantly serued vpon the Rebell and tooke the death of his foster brethren so to heart after the education of the Irish as he shortly after died Many also were wounded among whom Thomas Walker was of chiefe name When the Lord Deputy first resolued to draw vp to Blackewater he sent directions to Sir Conyers Clifford to come vp with the Connaght forces by the way of Ballyshainnon and to meete him there which he in like sort attempted but being ouer matched by the Rebels lying in his way could not peirce so farre but was forced to retire and by that retreat wonne great reputation to himselfe and the men vnder him for hauing with him some sixe or seuen hundred foote onely of which part was of the old Britan Souldiers and being assayled by more then 2000. Rebels during thirty miles march he valiantly repelled them and safely retired to the garrison The Lord Deputy leaning the Fort at the Blacke-water well guarded to the charge of Captaine Thomas Williams withdrew the Forces towards the Pale Now the Rubels tossed betweene hope feare and shame resolued to besiege the Fort and Tyrone thought his reputation lost if he recouered it not and so with ioynt force they compassed and assay led the same Whereof the Lord Deputy being aduertised with all possible expedition gathered the forces to leade them to the reliefe of that fort and the Rebels hearing of his Lordships approach quitted the siege of the Fort and retired into their strengths Whereupon the Lord Deputy marched forward and hauing passed the Blackwater Fort and purposing to enter and passe the pace leading to Dungannon Tyrones chiefe House he fel suddenly sicke and being carried backe in his horse litter to Armagh and thence to the Newry died in the way to the great ioy of the Rebels deiected with his sharpe prosecution and bold aduentures and to the no lesse griefe of the English erected with hope of good successe Howsoeuer many of good iudgement held his purpose of passing to Dungannon very dangerous and altogether fruitlesse since no garrisons being planted to gaine ground no other issue could be hoped in the best euent then a bragge of courage in passing to Tyrones cheefe feate which no other Deputy had yet attempted And as they greatly commended the Lord Deputies valour in these actions so they feared the ingaging and losse of the Queenes Army by this or some like bold attempt After his death Sir Thomas Norreys Lord President of Mounster was vnder the great seale of Ireland prouisionally made Lord Iustice of the Kingdome as the customeis in such sudden changes who repaired to Dublin and there executed his place for one month as I thinke of September and no longer for he being sick cast down in minde by the great sorrow he had conceiued for the late death of his worthy brother made great suite to the Queene and the Lords in England to be eased of this burthen of being Lord Iustice and to haue leaue to retire himselfe to his gouernement of the Prouince of Mounster And so Adam Loftus Lord Chauncellor of Ireland and Lord Archbishop of Dublin and Robert Gardner chiefe Iustice of Ireland by letters out of England the thirteene of October were made Lords Iustices for the ciuell gouernement and the Earle of Ormond with title of Lord Liefetenant of the Army was authorized to command in cheefe for all martiall affayres Tyrone after his old custome flies vnto the Lord Lieftenant with protestations of loyalty and complaines of wrongs inforcing his disloiall courses which his Lordship aduertising into England receiued authority from thence to treat with Tyrone about his submission hauing Sir Geffery Fenton Secretary of Ireland ioyned with him for an assistant Hereupon ensued a meeting at Dundalke on the 22 of December where Tyrone made his most humble submission in writing acknowledging her Maiesties great mercie in giuing him and his Associates their pardons vpon former submissions and vpon the knees of his heart as he writes professed most heartie penitencie for his disloialtie and especially his foule relopses thereinto humbly befeeching the Lord Lieutenant to be a meanes to her sacred Maiestie for his pardon withall making knowne his grieuances which how soever they could not iustifie his offence yet might in some measure qualifie the 〈◊〉 thereof And till these might be booked to be sent ouer with his Submission most humbly crauing of his Lordship to grant a truce or cessation of Armes for eight weeks following And further to the end it might appeare that his submission proceeded from his heart promising that for the time of this cessation there should be no impediment giuen to her Maiesties Ministers bringing victuals to Blackwater Fort yea that for a poore token of his humblest duty hee would voluntarily giue to the hands of the Captaine fortie Beeues and suffer the souldiers to cut and fetch in wood or any other prouisions For his performance whereof hee offered presently to giue Pledges to his Lordship The same day hee subscribed the following articles propounded to him by the Lord Lieutenant First he promiseth for him and his associates faithfully to keepe her Maiesties Peace during the cessation Secondly that hee will presently recall all Vlster men sent by him into Lemster leauing those who should not obay his directions to the Lord Lieutenants discretion Thirdly it any during the Truce shall breake into Rebellion he promiseth not to aide them so as none depending on his Truce be in the meanetime taken in by the State without his consent Fourthly he agreeth to a generall Liberty of buying necessaries for his men in the Pale and for the Queenes subiects in Vlster and nothing to be forceably taken on either side Fiftly that vpon pretended wrongs no reuenge be taken but restitution be made within ten dayes after complaint Sixthly that during the Truce hee shall haue no intelligence with the King of Spaine or other forraine Prince but acquaint the State with any message hee shall receiue or proiect he shall heare Seuenthly that he shall presently draw a booke of his grieuances such as he can proue without mention of friuolous matters vnworthie her sacred Maiesties view Eightly that he will deliuer into the Fortforty Beeues and giue safe conduct to her Maiesties Ministers to vittaile the said Fort of Blackwater and suffer the souldiers to cut and fetch wood on the South-side of Armagh and for all other necessaries permit them to agree with the owners so as they come not of themselues into his Countrie but haue his men with them in company Ninthly that any prey being tracked into his Countrie he shall make restitution and deliuer the theeues to be executed and if any be stopped from following of his track the stopper shall answere the goods so tracked which course the Lord
in Vlster Besides that vpon arriuall of forraine treasure great multitudes of those Scots were like to flocke vnto them And to the same end Tyrone had made strong fastnesses or intrenchments as well vpon the passages of Loughfoyle and Ballishanon where he left forces to resist the English Garrisons to be sent thither as at the Blackewater and Ballinemoyree himselfe purposing to meet the English Army in the woods of Ballinemoyree betweene Dundalke and the Newry where he hoped to make some of the best to drop and after to fall backe at his pleasure to like fights of aduantage which he had prepared at the Blackewater So as the onely meanes suddenly to breake those rebels was to hier 4000. Redshankes to breake in vpon them by aduantage of their rowing boates into the heart of Tyrone betweene these intrenchments where they might easily take from him all his wealth consisting in cattell and there intrench themselues and in despite of all Tyrones forces be supplied with all necessaries from the Scottish Ilands And indeed to this purpose the Lord Bourgh if he had not beene preuented by sudden death had contracted with those Scots promising 4000. men for the first moneths pay 1200. pound the chiefe Leader a Colonels pay and certaine Captaines the pay of a Captaine of 100 men After which moneth their Septs were to be cessed for their victuals vpon such countreys as they must haue fought with the Rebels for euery morsell Namely the sons of Agnus mac Connell with their Sept vpon the Route the Glinnes and North Clandeboy who for the pretence they had to inherite that Countrey would prosecute Iames mac Surley the possesser thereof to the vttermost Donnel Grome and his Sept vppon Yuogh being Mac Genis his Countrey The Mac Lanes and their Sept vpon the South Clandeboy and the Duffren All which Septs were to put in pledges to the Lord Bourgh not to prey any vnder the Queenes protection and to depart the Kingdome when his Lordship should please no longer to make vse of their seruice The fiue and twenty of Iune during the said Mounster iourney the Lord Liefetenant wrote vnto the Queene this Letter following VVHen this shall come to your Maiesties hands I know not but whensoeuer it hath that Honour giue it leaue I humbly beseech your Maiesty to tell you that hauing now passed through the Prouinces of Lemster and Mounster and been vppon the Frontire of Connaght where the Gouernour and the chiefe of the Prouince were with me I dare begin to giue your Maiesty some aduertisement of the state of this Kingdome not as before by heare-say but as I beheld it with mine owne eyes The people in generall haue able bodies by nature and haue gotten by custome ready vse of armes and by their late successes boldnes to fight with your Maiesties troopes In their pride they value no man but themselues in their affections they loue nothing but idlenesse and licentiousnesse in their rebellion they haue no other end but to shake off the yoake of obedience to your Maiesty and to root out all remembrance of the English Nation in this Kingdome I say this of the people in generall for I find not onely the greater part thus affected but that it is a generall quarrell of the Irish and they who doe not professe it are either so few or so false that there is no accompt to be made of them The Irish Nobility and Lords of Countreys doe not onely in their hearts affect this plausible quarrell and are diuided from vs in religion but haue an especiall quarrell to the English gouernement because it limitteth and tieth them who euer haue beene and euer would be as absolute Tyrants as any are vnder the Sunne The Townes being inhabited by men of the same religion and birth as the rest are so carried away with the loue of gaine that for it they will furnish the rebels with all things that may arme them or inable them against the State or against themselues The wealth of the Kingdome which consisteth in cattle oate-meale and other victuals is almost all in the Rebels hands who in euery Prouince till my comming haue beene Masters of the field The expectation of all these Rebels is very present and very confident that Spaine will either so inuade your Maiesty that you shall haue no leisure to prosecute them here or so succour them that they will get most of the Townes into their hands ere your Maiesty shall relieue and reinforce your Army So that now if your Maiesty resolue to subdue these Rebels by force they are so many and so framed to be Souldiers that the warre of force will be great costly and long If your Maiesty will seeke to breake them by factions amongst themselues they are couetous and mercinary and must be purchased and their Iesuites and practising Priests must be hunted out and taken from them which now doe sodder them so fast and so close together If your Maiesty will haue a strong party in the Irish Nobility and make vse of them you must hide from them all purpose of establishing English gouernement till the strength of the Irish be so broken that they shall see no safety but in your Maiesties protection If your Maiesty will be assured of the possession of your Townes and keepe them from supplying the wants of the Rebels you must haue garrisons brought into them able to command them and make it a capital offence for any Merchant in Ireland to trade with the Rebels or buy or sell any armes or munition whatsoeuer For your good subiects may haue for their mony out of your Maiesties store that which shall be appointed by order and may serue for their necessary defence whereas if once they be tradable the Rebels will giue such extreme and excessiue prices that they will neuer bee kept from them If your Maiesty will secure this your Realme from the danger of inuasion assoone as those which direct mannage your Maiesties intelligences giue notice of the preparations and readinesse of the enemy you must be aswell armed and prouided for your defence which prouision consists in hauing forces vpon the Coast inroled and trained in hauing Magazines of victuall in your Maiesties West and North-west parts ready to be transported and in hauing ships both of warre and transportation which may carry and waft them both vpon the first allarum of a discent The enroling and training of your subiects is no charge to your Maiesties owne cofers The prouiding of Magazines will neuer be any losse for in vsing them you may saue a Kingdome and if you vse them not you may haue your old store sold and if it be well handled to your Maiesties profit The arming of your Maiesties ships when you heare your enemy armes to the Sea is agreeable to your owne prouident and Princely courses and to the pollicy of all Princes and states of the World But to returne to Ireland againe as I haue shewed your Maiesty
let you know that as it cannot be ignorance so it cannot be want of meanes for you had your asking you had choice of times you had power and authority more ample then euer any had or euer shall haue It may well be iudged with how little contentment wee search out this and other errours for who doth willingly seeke for that which they are so loth to find but how should that be hidden which is so palpable And therefore to leaue that which is past and that you may prepare to remedy matters of weight hereafter rather then to fill your papers with many impertinent arguments being in your generall Letters sauouring still in many points of humours that concerne the priuate of you our Lord Liefetenant we doe tell you plainely that are of that Councell that we wonder at your indiscretion to subscribe to Letters which concerne our publike seruice when they are mixed with any mans priuate and directed to our Counsell Table which is not to handle things of small importance To conclude if you will say though the Army be in list twenty thousand that you haue them not we answere then to our Treasurer that we are ill serued and that there need not so frequent demands of full pay If you will say the Muster-master is to blame we much muse then why he is not punished though say we might to you our Generall if we would Ex Iureproprioiudicare that all defects by Ministers yea though in neuer so remote Garrisons haue beene affirmed to vs to deserue to be imputed to the want of care of the Generall For the small proportion you say you carry with you of three thonsand fiue hundred foot when lately weaugmented you two thousand more It is to Vs past comprehension except it be that you haue left still too great numbers in vnnecessarie Garrisons which doe increase our charge and diminish your Army which VVe command you to reforme especially since you by your continuall reports of the state of euery Prouince describe them all to be in worse condition then euer they were before you set foote in that Kingdome So that whosoeuer shal write the story of this yeeres action must say that We were at great charges to hazard Our Kingdome and you haue taken great paines to prepare for many purposes which perish without vnderstanding And therefore because We see now by your own words that the hope is spent of this yeeres seruice vpon Tyrone and O Donnel We doe command you and our Councell to fall into present deliberation and thereupon to send Vs ouer in writing a true declaration of the State to which you haue brought our Kingdome and what be the effects which this iourny hath produced and why these Garrisons which you will plant farre within the land in Brenny and Monaghan as others whereof We haue written shall haue the same difficulties Secondly VVe looke to heare from you and them ioyntly how you thinke the remainder of this yeere shal be imployed in what kind of warre and where and in what numbers which being done and sent Vs hither in writing with al expedition you shal then vnderstand Our pleasure in all things fit for our seruice vntill which time We command you to be very carefull to meete with all inconueniences that may arise in that Kingdome where the ill affected will grow insolent vpon Our ill successe and the good subiects grow desperate when they see the best of Our preseruing them We haue seene a writing in forme of a cartell full of challenges that are impertinent and of comparisons that are needelesse such as hath not been before this time presented to a State except it be done now with a hope to terrifie all men from censuring your proceedings Had it not bin enough to haue sent Vs the testimony of the Counsell but that you must call so many of those that are of slender experience and none of Our Counsell to such a forme of subscription Surely howsoeuer you may haue warranted them Wee doubt not but to let them know what belongs to Vs to you and to themselues And thus expecting your answere We ende at Our Mannor of Nonsuch the fourtenth of September in the one and fortieth yeere of Our Raigne 1599. The Lord Lieutenant being nettled or rather galled with this letter resolued to leaue Adam Loftus the Lord Archbishop of Dublin and Sir George Cary Treasurer at Warres to gouerne the Kingdome in his absence and presently sayling into England posted to the Court where altogether vnlooked for he arriued the eight and twentie of September and presented himselfe on his knees to the Queene early in the morning being in her priuate chamber who receiued him not with that chearefull countenance which she was wont to shew him but after a briefe conference commanded him to retire to his chamber and there to stay vntill hee knew her further pleasure from whence his Lordships next remoue was to the Lord Keepers house in state of a prisoner The list of the chiefe Officers of the Kingdome and the Army and the disposall of the forces made in September 1599 when the Lord Lieutenant left the Kingdome Officers and Gouernours Lord Lieutenant the Earle of Essex Lord President of Mounster void by the death of Sir Thomas Norreys Place of chiefe Commissioner of Connaght void or prouisional Lieutenant of the Army Earle of Ormond Treasurer at Warres Sir George Carey The Marshals place of Ireland void Master of the Ordinance Sir George Bourcher Marshall of the Campe prouisionally Sir Oliuer Lambert Lieutenant of the Horse Sir Henrie Dauers Serieant Maior Sir Arthur Chichester Colonels of Horse Sir William Euers Sir Griffin Markham Colonels of Foote Earle of Kildare Earle of Thomond Lord of Dunkellin Lord Audley Lord Dunsany Sir Edward Denny Sir Matthew Morgan Sir Charles Piercy Sir Henry Dockwra Sir Christopher Saint Laurence Sir Iohn Bolles Sir Edward Harbert Sir Charles Wilmott Sir Henrie Power Sir Arthur Sauage Foure Corporals and a Prouost-Marshall of the Army The disposall of the forces Horse in Mounster The Earle of Thomond 25. Sir Anthony Cooke 50. Sir Warham Saint Leger 25. Captaine Thomas White 50. Foote in Mounster Earle of Thomond 200. Master Treasurer 100. Sir Henrie Harington 100. Sir Henry Power 200. Sir Edward Denny 150. Sir Anthony Cooke 100. Sir Charles Wilmott 150. Sir Francis Barkley 100. Sir Iohn Dowdal 100. Captaine William Power 150 Captaine Clare 150. Captaine Browne 100. Captaine Kearnys 100. Captaine Bostock 100. Captaine Brooke 100. Captaine Rande 100. Captaine Flower 100. Captaine Diggs 100. Captaine William Tirwhit 150. Captaine Parken 100. Captaine William Hartpoole 100. Captaine Francis Kingesmil 100. Horse in Connaght Earle of Clanrickard 50. Prouost Marshall 10. Sir Theobald Dillon 15. Captaine George Blunt 12. Foote in Connaght Earle of Clanrickard 100. Lord of Dunkellyn 150. Sir Arthur Sauage 200. Sir Thomas Bourke 100. Sir Gerrald Haruy 150. Sir Hugh O Connor 100. Sir Theobald Dillon 100. Captaine Badbye 150.
Captaine Richard Pluncket 100. Captaine Mostian 100. Captaine Tibot ne long 100. Captaine Walter Floyd 150. Captaine Thomas Roper 150. Captaine Oliuer Burke 100. Captaine Thomas Burke 100. Captaine Dauid Bourke 100. Horse at Carickfergus Neale Mas Hugh 30. Foote at Carickfergus Sir Arthur Chichester 200. Sir Richard Percy 150. Captaine Eington 100. Captaine Norton 100. Horse at the Newry Sir Samuel Bagnol 50. Foote at the Newrie Sir Samuel Bagnoll 200. Captaine Edward Blaney 150. Captaine Freckleton 100. Captaine Iosias Bodley 150. Captaine Francis Stufford 100. Captaine Toby Cawfeild 150. Captaine Leigh 100. Foote at Dundalke Captaine Egerton 100. Captaine Bingley 150. Captaine Basset 100. Foote at Atherde Sir Garret Moore 100. Captaine Roe 100. Horse at Kells and Nauan Lord of Dunsany 50. Sir Garret Moore 25. Foote at Kells and Nauan Lord Audley 200. Lord Dunsany 150. Sir Fulk Conway 150. Sir Christopher Saint Laurence 200. Sir Henry Dockwra 200. Sir Iohn Chamberlaine 150. Captaine Iohn Sidney 100. Captaine Ralph Sydley 100. Captaine Roger Atkinson 100. Captaine Heath 150. Captaine Nelson 100. Captaine Hugh Rely 100. Horse at Trym Sir Grisson Markham 50. Foote at Trym Sir Charles Piercy 200. Captaine Roger Orme 100. Captaine Alford 100. Foote at Leax and the Barow side Sir Warham Saint Leger 150. Sir Francis Rush 150. Captaine Iohn Fitz-Piers 150. Master Hartpoole 10. Foote at Eniscorthy Sir Oliuer Lambert 200. Sir Richard Masterson 150. Horse in and about the Nasse The Earle of Kildare 50. Captaine Richard Greame 50. Captaine Thomas Gifford 2. Captaine George Greame 12. Captaine Thomas Lee 12. Foote in and about the Nasse Earle of Kildare 150. The Earle of Southampton 200. Sir Matthew Morgan 150. Sir Thomas Loftus 100. Captaine Walter Mac Edmond 100 Captaine Edward Loftus 100. Captaine Thomas Williams 150. Captaine Thomas Lee 100. Captaine William Eustace 100. Captaine Esmond 150. Captaine Iohn Masterson 100. Captaine Ellys Flood 100. Captaine R. Treuor 100. Foote at Mullingar The Lord of Deluin 150. Captaine Thomas Mynne 100. Captaine William Stafford 100. Captaine Lionel Ghest 100. Captaine William Winsor 100. Captaine Thomas Cooche 100. Captaine Garret Dillon 100. Foote in Ophaly Sir Henrie Cooly 20. Sir Henry Warren 100. Sir Edward Fitz-gerald 100. Sir George Cooly 20. Horse at Kilkenny The Earle of Ormond 50. Sir Oliuer Lambert 25. Sir Walter Butler 50. Sir Cristopher Saint Laurence 30. Captaine Garret Fleming 25. Captaine William Taffe 50. Foote at Kilkenny The Earle of Ormond 200. Sir Carew Reynel 150. Sir Henrie Follyot 150. Captaine Richard Croft 100. Captaine Henry Sheffeild 100. Captaine Nicholas Pinner 100. Foote at Ballymore and O Carrols Countrie Captaine Francis Shane 100. Captaine Edward Lister 100. Sir Charles O Carrol 100. Horse and Foote at Newcastle Sir William Warren 50 horse Sir William Warren 100 foote Foote at Athboy and Phillipstown Sir Richard Moryson 200. Sir George Bourcher 100. Foote at Dublin Sir Henrie Foulkes commanding the Lord Lieutenants Guard 200. Horse at Fingall and the Nauan Sir William Euers 100. The Earle of Southamptons troope commanded by Captaine Iohn Iephson 100. Sir Henry Dauers 100. Horse in the Countie of Dublin Sir Hen. it Harrington 25. Sir Edward Herbert 12. Sir Gerald Aylemer 13. Morrogh Mac Teig Oge 10. Foote vndisposed Sir Iohn Talbot 22. Totall of Horse one thousand two hundred thirtie one Totall of Foote fourteene thousand foure hundred twenty two The foresaid Lords Iustices being left to gouerne Ireland vpon the Lord Lieutenants sudden departure did easily rule the vnweldy Helme of this Kingdome so long as the Sea was caline by the continuance of that truce formerly mentioned to bee made betweene the Lord Lieutenant and Tyrone which was then concluded for sixe weekes and so from sixe to sixe weekes till the Calends of May except either of them should giue fourteene daies warning of their purpose to breake the same But about the beginning of December Tyrones party entring into acts of hostility the Lords Iustices sent Sir William Warren to expostulate with him the cause of this breach He answered that he had not broken the Truce hauing according to the condition thereof giuen them fourteene dayes warning And that he had so done because the Earle of Essex being imprisoned in England in whom he had placed all the confidence of his life and estate he was resolued not to relye on the Councell of that Kingdome who had formerly delt deceitfully with him therein Finally that he could not now renew the truce though hee neuer so much desired it since hee had already sent Odonnel into Connaght and diuers of his confederates into other parts to renew the warre Thus much their Lordships aduertised into England by letters full of diffidence professing that they feared the rebels would presently assault the English Pale Likewise some ill affected to the Earle of Essex aduertised that among the Rebels a common rumor was spread and that no doubt from Tyrone that England would shortly be in combustion within it selfe which increased the suspitions already conceiued of the foresaid conference had betweene the Earle and Tyrone to the great preiudice of the Earle being in durance Now her Maiestie receiuing these aduertisements and further vnderstanding that the rebels daily increased in number and courage that the meere Irish aspired to liberty and that the English Irish if perhaps well affected yet were daunted by the ill successe of the Queenes affaires whose great expences and Royall Army they had seene vanish into smoke and were besides exasperated with an old griefe to be excluded themselues from the Gouernement while English Deputies were daily sent to command them And hauing intelligence that Tyrone full of pride did euery where bost himselfe as Champion of the Iish Liberty and Romish Religion euery where receiuing to his protection and cherishing all seditious persons helping the weake with succours confirming the diffident with strong hopes and that he was growne confident to roote out the English Gouernement aswell by former successes as by the succour of the King of Spaine who already had sent him some munition and a little mony with bragging promises of greater supplies and by the faire promises and large indulgences sent from the Pope with a Crowne of Phoenix fethers perhaps in imitation of Pope Vrban the third who sent Iohn the sonne to King Henry the second then made Lord of Ireland a little Crowne wouen of Peacocks feathers Her Maiestie I say hauing these aduertisements finding thereby that it was high time to make strong opposition to this rebellious monster made choice of Charles Blonnt Lord Mountioy to be Deputy of Ireland whom her Highnesse had the last yeere purposed to imploy in that place At which time the Earle of Essex though linked in neere friendship with him yet secretly opposed this her Maiesties determination alleaging that the Lord Mountioy had small experience in martiall affaires saue that he had gained in the small time he serued in the Low-Countries adding that he was too bookish
auailed him much for first he planted Garrisons vpon the chiefe rebels Countries as likewise he compassed Tyrone on euery side with them which kept the rebels at home so as they could not second one another for feare of loosing their owne goods 5. And whereas other Deputies vsed to make some two or three iournies in a Summer against the rebels and then did leade a great Army with them And whereas this kind of seruice neuer tooko any good effect as well because the bruit thereof came long before to the rebels as because these great forces could not long be kept together So as the rebels hearing the bruit of any such iourny took victuals with them for certaine daies and assembling themselues-together did lie vpon the bogs and hard passages where without danger to themselues they were able to annoy the greatest Army could be led against them This noble Lord Mount-ioy on the contrary as I said by Garrisons keeping them at home himselfe kept the field with some thousand foot and two hundred horse whereof my selfe haue many times obserued the greater part to be English Irish and not onely was able to affront Tyrone himselfe specially since the Garrisons lying vpon his Country drew towards him at the same time on all sides together but also by reason of his singular secrecy in keeping his purposes vnknowne and casting out false reports of them to deceiue the rebels had the opportunitie to assaile and spoyle any one of the rebels on the sudden while he kept all the rest like dared larkes in continuall feare aswell of himselfe as of the Garrisons adioyning 6 Againe where other Deputies vsed to assaile the rebels onely in Summer time this Lord prosecuted them most in the Winter being commonly fiue daies at least in the weeke one horsebacke all the Winter long This brake their hearts for the aire being sharpe and they naked and they being driuen from their lodgings into the Woods bare of leaues they had no shelter for themselues Besides that their cattle giuing them no milke in the Winter were also wasted by driuing to and fro Ad that they being thus troubled in the Seede time could not sowe their ground And as in Haruest time both the Deputies forces and the Garrisons cut downe their Corne before it was ripe so now in Winter time they carried away or burnt all thest ores of victuals in secret places whether the Rebels had conueied them 7 Againe he had a speciall care to cut downe and cleare the difficult passages that so our forces might with more safetie meete together and vpon all occasions second one another 8 For protections and pardons the easie obtaining whereof had formerly incouraged the rebels aswell to enter into rebellion as to breake their faith after submissions in hope to be againe receiued to mercy although it was necessary for the State in this generall rebellion like a mother to open her bosome to her children lest being driuen to dispaire they should plunge themselues into all mischiefes yet he neuer receiued any to mercy but such as had so drawne bloud on their fellow rebels and were themselues made so poore as there was small danger of their relaps To which ende he forbad al conferences and parleys with the rebels by pretence whereof many treacherous plots had formerly beene drawne by the false-hearted subiects and many corruptions had been practised by some couetous commanders But to such as were receiued to mercy that he might take away the diffidence they had long conceiued of the State he kept his word inuiolable 9 And whereas these rebellious people are by nature clamorous which made them tedious in complaints and also vse great oppression vnder the shadow of Iustice which made thē continually importunc the Gouernors with petitions which being signed by them gaue those Irish Lords a shadow of authoritie to oppresse the people by shewing the Gouernours hand and concealing the matter to which he subscribed This worthy Lord Deputie for their incouragement in the first vsed singular patience in hearing their tedious complaints and for the second gaue them such delatory ansivers as might well hearten them in obedience but could no way strengthen their tyranny ouer the poore people 10 To conclude nothing furthered this noble Lord more in his designes then his singular temper not so much in secrecy and in sparingnesse of speech though many great Captaines haue hindered their proceedings by letting fall rash speeches as more specially in Court factions for he vsed in such sort the familiar loue of the Earle of Essex in his doubtfull courses as he not onely kept him from intertaining dangerous counsels so long as hee liued with him in England but demeaned himselfe towards his enemies with such moderation as he little prouoked their enuy yea rather gained an inclination of their good affection towards him So as they at this time gouerning all the affaires in England were readie to giue all possible seconds to his ends which as I formerly shewed did aime at nothing but the speedy ende of this warre By these counsels this worthy Lord restored the declining State of Ireland from the desperate termes wherein he now found it I haue before set downe in the Earle of Essex his Gouernement the power of the rebels through al the Prouinces of Ireland and haue shewed that at his Lordships leauing that Kingdom the same was nothing abated and from that time the rebels were in all parts increaled The Mountaine rebels in the County of Dublin then 480 foote 20 horse now by the going out of the Walshes and Harrols were increased 100. In the County of Kildare the rebels then in number 220 foot and 30 horse were now more then doubled by the going out of the Briminghams all the Leynaghs many of other Septs In the two Counties of Catherlough and Wexford the rebels then 750 foote and 50 horse were now increased an hundred In the County of Ophaly fiue strong Castles then held by the English were now betraied aboue 468 foot 12 horse then were in rebellion but now Mac Coughlan was gone out with 200 more and the Oaoines with 100 more were now in rebellion In the County of Meath the rebels were increased in number 150 by the Delahides the Rochfords Hussies and Daeies And beyond the Riuer Capt. Iohn O Roly hauing then 100 foote in her Maiesties pay well armed was now reuolted In the County of West-Meath the rebels then 140 foote and 20 horse were now increased 100 at least by the reuolt of the eldest sonne of William Nugent second brother to the Lord of Deluin with diuers of the Pettyes and Daitons In the County of Longford the rebels then 120 foote were now increased 180 so the rebels in Lemster being then in the whole number 3048 foote and 182 horse were now increased 1280 and made in all 4510. For the Prouince of Mounster Tyrone in his present iourny thither taking pledges of almost all the
Irish Lords and Gentlemen he number of the rebels were now there increased beyond estimation For the Prouince of Connaght the rebels were increased three hundred by the reuolt of O Conner Sligo besides the vncertainty of Tybot ne Long who had one hundred Irish men in her Maiesties pay So as at this time I may boldly say the rebellion was at the greatest strength The meere Irish puffed vp with good successe and blouded with happy incounters did boldly keepe the field and proudly disdaine the English forces Great part of the English-Irish were in open action of rebellion and most part of the rest tempofised with the State openly professing obedience that they might liue vnder the protection thereof but secretly relieuing the rebels and practising with them for their present and future safeties Among the English the worthy Generals of this age partly by this fatall warre partly by the factions at home were so wasted as the best iudgements could hardly finde out any man fit to command this Army 〈◊〉 hiefe The English common souldiers by loosenesse of body the natural sicknosse of the Country by the pouerty of the warre in which nothing was to bee gained but blowes and by the late defeates wherein great numbers of them had perished were altogether out of heart The Colonels and Commanders though many in number and great in courage and experience yet by these considerations of the Armies weakenesse were somewhat deiected in mind Yea the very Counsellors of State were so diffident as some of them in late conferences with Tyrone had descended I know not vpon what warrant to an abiect Intreaty for a short cessation Not to speake of the Generall distraction of the hearts of all men in England and much more of the souldiers by the factions of this age between the worthy Earle of Essex now imprisoned and his enemies able to ruine a great Kingdome much more to diuert the successe of any great action And the generall voyce was of Tyrone among the English after the defeat of Blackwater as of 〈◊〉 among the Romans after the defeat of Cannas Thou knowest how to overcome but thou knowest not how to vse victorie To conclude not onely the remote parts but the very heart of the Kingdom now languished vnder the contagion of this rebellion Leax and Ophalia being possessed by the O Mores and the O Conners and the Glynnes or Mountainous Country on the South-West side of Dublin being in the hands of the 〈◊〉 and O 〈◊〉 and more remotely of the Cauanaghs who nightly made excursions to the very Gates of the City giuing alarum of warre to the long gound Senate and as it were to the chaire of Estate In this miserable estate was Ireland when the Lord Mountiey like a good Planet with a fortunate aspect began to shinethereon whose happy actions I will now set down particularly yet as briefly as I can The tenth of Ianuary towards the end of the yeere 1599 the Lords of England signified by their letters to the Lord Archbishop of Dublin and Sir George Carey Treasurer at warres which were then Lords Iustices of that Kingdome that from that day forward the entertainement due to them as Lords Iustices should cease and bee conferred on Charles Blount Lord Mountioy whom her Maiestie had made Lord Deputie And now Tyrone who hitherto had contained himselfe in the North onely making short excursions from thence into the Pale being proud of victories and desirous to shew his greatnesse abroad resolued with his forces to measure the length of Ireland and to the end hee might by his presence strengthen and increase the rebellion in Mounster which in absence by practises he had raised vnder the religious pretence of visiting a piece of Christs Crosse kept for a holy relike in the Monastery of the holy Crosse in the County of Tipperary he entred this iourny about the twentieth of Ianuarie On the three and twenty the rebels of the Brenny met him in the Cauan from whence he marched forward taking the rebels of Lemster in his company and leading with him some two thousand fiue hundred foot and two hundred horse leauing the rest of his forces the Gentlemen of the North to guard those parts The intent of his iourney was to set as great combustion as he could in Mounster and so taking pledges of the rebels to leaue them vnder the command of one chiefe head This Moneth of Ianuary her Maiestie signed that warrant which is vulgarly called the great Warrant for Ireland whereby authority is giuen to the Lord Treasurer and Chamberlaine of the Exchequer in England that according to an Establishment after signed by her Maiesty the first of February and to begin that day wherein the Army is reduced to twelue thousand foote and one thousand two hundred horse they should pay to the Treasurer at warres for Ireland such summes as should bee signed by sixe of the priuy Counsell of England the Lord Treasurer the Principall Secretary and the vnder-Treasurer alwaies being three of them Secondly aboue the foure thousand pound for extraordinaries therein mentioned to pay him such sums as should by the same be signed Thirdly to pay in like sort according to an Establishment or list of Officers and others not contained in the former Establishment it not exceeding yeerely fifteene thousand pound which List was then to bee signed by the Lords of her Maiesties Counsell Fourthly to pay in like sort diuers Officers payable out of the reuenues in case the reuenues extended not to pay them Fifthly to pay in like sort all summes for reinforcing the Army for leauyes of men for conducting transporting and victualling them at Sea according to the rates of the first Establishment The Establishment signed by her Maiestie the first of February 1599. The Lord Deputies entertainement to be paid according to the List after following which List was to be signed by the Lords Officers of the Army Lieutenant of the Army per diem threell Serieant Maior per diem twentys Comptroler Generall of the victuals per diem tens Foure Commissaries of victuals whereof three at sixes per diem and the fourth at eights per diem Twelue Colonels each at tens per diem A Prouost Marshall for Loughfoyle another for Ballishannon each at foure shillings per diem Summa per annum foure thousand foure hundred fiftie three pound The pay of three hundred horse diuided into sixe Bands each Band consisting of fiftie viz the Captaine foure shillings per diem Lieutenant two shillings sixe pence per diem Cornet two shillings per diem and fiftie Horsemen at eighteene pence per diem a piece The pay of two hundred Horse diuided into foure Bands each Band consisting of fiftie viz. Captaine foures per diem Lieutenant twos six d. per diem Cornet twos per diem and fiftie Horsemen at fifteene d. a piece per diem The pay of seuen hundred Horse diuided into fourteene Bands each Band consisting of fiftie viz.
in that it was made cōtrary to her Maiesties aduised resolution agreed vpon by her Counsel and approued by her martial men as the only means to reduce Ireland and contrary to the Earles own proiect yea that without the aduice of the Counsel of Ireland also as appeared by a letter of theirs vnder their hands though now the Earle pretended their aduice for his owne xcuse wherupon followed the harro wing out and the weakning of the royallest Army that euer went out of England the wasting of that huge expence and the ouerthrow of the whole action The third point viz. the making of Knights was urged to haue beene contrary to her Maiesties expresse commandement a question being once made whether he should haue that authoritie or no because he had abused it before yet the same being at the last granted with this limitation giuen him in charge that he should make but few and those men of good ability whereas he made to the number of threescore and those some of his meniall seruants yea that in a most vnseasonable time when things were at the worst which should haue been done vpon victorie and triumph onely The fourth point namely his conference with the Rebell was agrauated in that it was an equall and secret conference dishonourable to her Maiestie for him that sustained her royall person to conferre in equall sort with the basest and vilest traytor that euer liued a bush Kerne and base sonne of a Black-smith suspicious also in that it was priuate and secret no man suffered to approch but especially no English man the end of the conference most shamefull that the wretched traytor should prescribe conditions to his Soueraigne abominable and odious conditions a publike tolleration of Idolatrous religion pardon for himselfe and all the traytors in Ireland and full restitution of lands and possessions to all the sort of them It was added that before this parley a messenger went secretly from the Earles Campe to the traytor viz. Captaine Thomas Leigh if not sent by the Earle at least by his conniuency at least by the conniuencie of the Marshall whom the Earle did not punish Lastly the fifth point was vrged to be intollerably presumptuous contrary to her Maiesties expresse commandement in writing vnder the seale of her priuy signet charging him vpō his dutie not to return vntil he heard further from her that this his returne was also exceeding dangerous in that he left the Army diuided vnto two diuers men the Earle of Ormond and the Lord Chauncellor men whom himselfe had excepted against as vnfit for such a trust and that he so left this Army as that if God his prouidence had not been the greater the ruine and losse of the whole Kingdome had ensued thereupon This was the summe of the accusation euery part interlaced with most sharpe and bitter rhetoricall amplifications which I touch not nor am fit to write but the conclusion was whereby a taste of the same may be had that the ingresse was proud and ambitious the progresse disobedient and contemptuous the regresse notorious and dangerous Among other things the Lady Rich her letter to the Queene was pressed with very bitter and hard termes my Lady Rich her letter he termed an insolent saucy malipert action He proposed also in the end a president for the Earles punishment saying he was faine to seeke farre for one gentle enough one William of Britten Earle of Richmond who refusing to come home out of France vpon the Kings letter was adiudged to loose all his goods lands and chattels and to indure perpetuall imprisonment Master Attorney particularly said the following words whereas the Earle in his letter exclameth O tempora O Mores for so I thinke he construed these words of his O hard destiny of mine that I cannot serue the Queene and please her too let me also say with the Orator concerning him Hae Regima intelligit hae Senatus videt hic tamen viuit In the end of his speech Now faith he nothing remaineth but that wee inquire quo animo all this was done Before my Lord went into Ireland he vaunted and boasted that hee would sight with none but the Traytor himselfe he would pull him by the cares out of his den hee would make the Earle tremble vnder him c. But when he came thither then no such matter hee goes another way it appeareth plainely he meant nothing lesse then to fight with Tyrone This was the effect of Master Attorneys part Master Solliciter his speech followed which contained the vnhappy successe which ensued in Ireland after the Earles departure whereby appeared how little good the Earle had done in that the Traitor was growne much more confident more insolent and strongerthen euer he was before as appeared principally by his declaration which he hath giuen out since the Earles departure vaunting that he is the vpholder of the Catholike faith and Religion that whereas it was giuen out by some that hee would follow the Earle of Essex into England hee would perhaps shortly appeare in England little to Englands good many things he added to that purpose After him Sir Francis Bacon concluded the accusation with a very eloquent speech First by way of Preface signifying that he hoped both the Earle himselfe and all that heard him would consider that the particular bond of duty which he then did and euer would acknowledge to owe vnto the Earle was now to be sequestred and laied aside Then did he notably extoll her Maiesties singular grace and mercy whereof he said the Earle was a singular work in that vpon his humble sute shee was content not to prosecute him in her Court of Iustice the Starre-chamber but according to his owne earnest desire to remoue that cup from him those he said were the Earles own words in his Letter and now to suffer his cause to be heard Inter priuatos partetes by way of mercy and fauour onely where no manner of disloyalty was laide to his charge for quoth he if that had beene the question this had not beene the place Afterwards passing along most eloquently through the Earles iourney into Ireland hee came to charge him with two points not spoken of before The first was a Letter written by the Earle vnto my Lord Keeper very boldly and presumptuously in derogation to her Maiesty which letter he also said was published by the Earles own friends The points of the letter which he stood vpon were these No tempest to the passionate indignation of a Prince as if her Maiesty were deuoid of reason carried away with passion the onely thing that ioineth man and beast together Her Maiesties heart is obdurate he would not say that the Earle meant to compare her absolutely to Pharaoh but in this particular onely which must needs be very odious Cannot Princes erre Cannot Subiects suffer wrong as if her Maiesty had lost her vertues of iudgement Iustice c. Farre be it from me quoth he
Generals before me but since it is the Queenes pleasure I must endure it and you chuse a fit time to obtaine that or any thing else against me Yet I will concurre with you in the seruice as long as it shall please her Maiesty to imploy vs here but hereafter I doubt not but to giue you satisfaction that I am not worthy of this wrong The Counsel my self vpon occasion of extraordinary consequence sent for some of the Companies of Mounster out of Connaght when we heard you were to be supplied with two thousand out of England but we receiued from them a flat deniall to come and the coppy of your letter to warrant them therein If you haue any authority from the Queene to countermand mine you may very well iustifie it but it is more then you haue vowed to me to haue when I before my comming ouer protested vnto you that if you had I would rather serue the Queene in prison then here My Lord these are great disgraces to me and so conceiued and I thinke iustly by all that know it which is and will be very shortly all Ireland My alleagiance and owne honour are now ingaged with all my burthens to goe on in this worke otherwise no feare should make me suffer thus much and what I doe it is onely loue doth moue me vnto it for I know you are deere to one whom I am bound to respect with extraordinary affection And so my Lord I wish you well and will omit nothing while I am in this Kingdome to giue you â—he best contentment I can and continue as Your assured friend Mountioy The Lord President within few daies not onely with a calme noble and wise answere pacified his Lordships anger but also by many good Offices betweene his Lordship and Master Secretary with whom as a most inward friend hee had great power so combined their new begunne loue as hee ingaged his Lordship in a great bond of thankefulnes to him The eleuenth of August his Lordship wrote to the Gouernour of the Newry that to auoid the continuall trouble of Conuoyes hereafter he should presently send vp as great prouision of victuals to Armagh as possibly he could while his Lordship lay in that part with the Army For two daies after by reason of much raine falling and the expecting of these victuals his Lordship lay still in the Campe neere Mount Norris The thirteenth the victuals came but not in such great proportion as was directed because the victuler had failed to bake great part of his meale and the Cowes expected from Dundalke were not yet sent by the Submitties according to their promise The same day his Lordship rose and incamped three miles short of Armagh The foureteenth his Lordship rose with the Army and put all the victuals he had receiued into the Abbey of Armagh and the Fort of Blackewater and returned back to the same camping place The fifteenth his Lordship drew backe to his former Campe neere Mount Norreis and sent out some Companies of Horse and Foote to the skirts of the wood neere the Fort to guard those that cut wood for making of Carres to transport more victuals to the said garrisons The sixteenth his Lordship drew backe to Carickbane neere the Newry to hasten the prouision of victuals in as great quantity as might be which was dispatched within few dayes The twenty three his Lordship wrote the following letter to M r Secretary SIR I did euer foresee and haue signified so much that any forraine succours would cleane alter the State of this Kingdome and the whole frame of our proceedings and doe find that the assurance that these people doe now receiue thereof doth make them stand vpon other termes then they were wont and much diuert our purposes which we had conceiued with good reason and great hope Of any but the English we haue small assurance and of them the Army is exceeding weake The Irish newly submitted their wauering faith hithetto we haue vsed to great effect for we haue wasted them and the rebels by them but when we come to lay our Forces in remote garrisons they flie the hardnes of that life and doe againe betake themselues vnto any head that is of power to spoile and with the best paid and preuailing party they will euer be I am certainely told by Sir Iohn Barkely that some Spaniards that arriued at Sligo as they say to discouer and with assurance of the present comming of a great force doe there fortifie and as he hath been more particularly informed not in a compasse only capeable of themselues but in such sort as it will be able to lodge great numbers This my being preuented to follow my purposes in these parts as I would draweth me into the Pale to aduise of the best assurance for the maine and yet not to quit my purposes in such sort in these parts but if the Spaniards doe not come I may againe look this way with my former desire which was to beat the chiefe Traitor cleane out of his Conntrey for vntill that be done there will be euer left a fier which vpon all occasions will breake out more and more violently When I haue spoken with the rest of the Counsell and considered more neerely the disposition of these inward parts I will more largely relate vnto you my opinion neither will I now much trouble you with my owne estate although not onely my selfe but I protest the seruice doth feele the effect of a general conceiued rumour of her Maiesties displeasure to me I am so neerely interessed therein that I cannot speak much of that matter without the preiudice of a priuate respect to my selfe but onely this I most humbly desire her Maiestie for her owne sake to vse me no longer here then shee thinketh me fit to be trusted and graced for without both I shal but striue against the wind and tide and be fit for nothing but my owne poore harbour vnto the which I most humbly desire to be speedily called with her gracious fauour since my owne conscience maketh me presume to desire so much that best doth know with how vntollerable labour of minde and body I haue and doe continually serue her And so Sir I beseech God to send you as much contentment as I doe want The 23 of August 1601. Yours Sir to doe you seruice Mountioy The fortifying of the Spaniards at Sligo vanished with the rumour which was grounded vpon some arriuing to bring the Rebels certaine newes of present succours and presently returning And the brute or perhaps his Lordships iealousie of her Maiesties displeasure arose from the confessions of some examined about the rash attempts of the vnfortunate Earle of Essex who had accused the Lord Deputy to be priuy to that proiect His Lordship purposing to draw into the Pale or parts neere Dublyn left his forces in the North for those of Loughfoyle had not yet correspondency with these in this following manner
to haue vsed them in the North two thousand more at the least had neede come soone after vnto Corke if it be not inuested before their comming but if it bee their landing must then be at Waterford or Yoghall and with them three hundred horse will be as few as we conceiue wee haue reason to demand and therefore expect both the one and the other so soone as may be also munition and victuall must be sent for ten thousand men to come likewise to Waterford vnlesse your Lordships heare from vs to the contrary for if in those two kinds we be not royally supplied men and mony will serue vs to little purpose with all which we recommend to your Lordships consideration whether it were not fit to send some part of her Maiesties Nauy to lie vpon this coast aswel to assure the passage by Sea as to attempt something vpon the Spanish shipping Thus hauing briefly set downe our requests as sparingly as we may do the danger considered we think it not impertinent to acquaint your Lordships with the cause of our meeting here and purposes We thought fit vpon the expectation of these forraine forces before we held it of any certaintie to conferre with the Lord President of Mounster and to consult vpon the generall disposall of the forces of this Kingdome how to make the warre vpon their arriuall which we could hardly doe without being thorowly informed by him of the state of that Prouince and what meanes of victuall munition and other prouisions we should finde there if we should draw the army thither or from thence were driuen to make the warre in Connaght where wee found it would bee of exceeding great difficulty vnlesse wee might haue good helpes out of Mounster For this purpose meeting at this place vpon Munday the one and twentieth of this present the next day while wee were in consultation came the first of these letters from the Maior of Corke assuring vs of the discouery of the Fleete neere the old head of Kinsale but whether friends or enemies he then knew not but that being made certaine by the rest of the letters that came since we presently grew to this resolution that the President should returne with all speede possible though before hee left the Prouince hee tooke order to the vttermost that could bee done in prouidence aswell to settle the same as to defend all places likeliest to be inuaded and we concluded that I the Deputy should draw forward as farre as Clommell to be neere the chiefest brunt of the warre and vpon the present apprehension of all things thers to giue directions to the rest of the Kingdome and yet to omit no occasions against the inuasion whilest the Marshal drew vp as many of the forces to me as he can with best conueniency and expedition For since the two thousand supposed to be at Chester came not to Carlingford and Dublyn in time to supply the Companies Northward that they might haue gone on with their prosecution we haue now resolued to leaue no more in those parts then are sufficient to keepe the garrison places because wee hold it to bee to no purpose vntill her Maiesty send hither greater forces though we are still of opinion it were the best course to proceed there if her Maiesty would be pleased to enable vs for otherwise it cannot be looked for but that we shal go backward greatly in this busines Thus being confident your L ps will be carefull of vs we take this to be sufficient vppon this sudden since what is any way necessary or fit for vs is to your Lordships in your wisdome and experience best knowne and so we doe most humbly take leaue with this assurance that we will leaue nothing vnperformed that may giue true testimony to the World that we value our duty to our most gracious Soueraigne and tender the preseruation of this her Kingdome committed to our charge as we know we ought before our liues and liuings and doubt not but to giue her Maiesty a very good account of all our doings From Kilkenny this three and twenty of September 1601 Your Lordships most humbly to command c. signed by the Lord Deputy and Councell The foure and twentith day his Lordship wrote this following letter to Master Secretary SIR I did euer thinke that if any forraigne force should arriue it would be doubtfull for me to lay my finger on any sound part of all this Kingdome which if our supplies had come in time to haue left the Northerne garrisons strong we might in some good sort haue prouided for but now my resolution is this to bend my selfe as suddenly as I can against these forraigne forces If wee beat them let it not trouble you though you heare all Ireland doth reuolt for by the grace of God you shall haue them all returne presently with halters about their neckes if we doe not all prouidence bestowed on any other place is vaine Till I know more particularly in how many places they haue made their discent I cannot write much but for the present I apprehend a world of difficulties with as much comfort as euer poore man did because I haue now a faire occasion to shew how prodigall I will be of my life in any aduenture that I shall finde to be for the seruice of my deere Mistresse vnto whom I am confident God hath giuen me life to doe acceptable seruice which when I haue done I will sing Nune dimittis This day I expect to receiue light and further ground to write more at large and being now ready with the President to take Horse whose fortune mine shall now be one I leaue you to Gods continuall blessings in hast Kilkenny the foure and twenty of September 1601. The same day Master Marshall was dispatched into the Pale to draw the Companies thereabouts towards Mounster and to procure from the Councell at Dublyn all things necessary for that businesse Sir Henry Dauers was sent for the Companies about Armagh and Sir Iohn Barkeley had direction to bring other Companies that were laid about the Nauan And the L. Deputy the same night rode to Kiltenan a Castle and dwelling of the Lord of Dunboyne being a great daies iourney where he was assured that the Spaniards were landed and entered into Kinsale The fiue and twenty 〈◊〉 Lordship rode to Clommell where Sir Nicholas Walsh one of the Councell came to 〈◊〉 and there it was resolued his Lordship should goe on to Corke and so to proceed as there should be cause The six and twentieth his Lordp. rode to Glonowre the Lord 〈◊〉 Castle The seuen and twentieth his Lordship rode from Glonowre to Corke accompanied with the Lord President Sir Robert Gardener and Sir Nicholas Walsh Counsellors The eight and twenty day his Lordship was aduertised by a Scot comming from Lisbone that the Spaniards sent to Kinsale were sixe thousand in number commanded by Don Iean del ' Aguyla who had beene generall
Generall hath vsed many arguments to moue the Irish to defection and among other which is very forceable and fearefull vnto their wauering spirits he telles them that this is the first great action that the King his Master hath vndertaken and assures them he hath protested that he will not receiue scorne in making good his enterprise and that he will rather hazard the losse of his Kingdoms then of his Honour in this enterprise The Priests likewise to terrifie the consciences threaten hell and damnation to those of the Irish that doe not assist them hauing brought Bulles for that purpose and send abroad Indulgences to those that take their parts These and such like pollicies as their offering of sixe shillings a day to euery horseman that will serue them doe so preuaile with this barbarous Nation as it is a wonder vnto vs that from present staggering they fall not to flat defection as they will soone doe if they once discouer them of abilitie to giue vs one blow before the comming of our supplies and meanes which wee are most earnestly to solicite your Lordships to hasten assuring your Lordships that nothing will more confirme the state of this Kingdome then the arriuall of her Maiesties Fleete which wee are resolued by the best iudgements may be imployed in these parts to preuent the arriuall of forraine succours Yet in the meane time we will omit nothing that shall be feasable with the force we haue neither haue we been idle since our comming hither hauing had continuall skirmishes whereof two especially were well performed by our men The first the twentieth of this moneth when the enemy by night sallyed with more then a thousand foote to cut off a guard of horse we kept neere the Towne and purposing to attempt something on our Campe but three hundred of our men led by Sir Iohn Barkley did incounter them and beat them backe with losse of many of their men and some bodies left in the field by whose spoile our men were incouraged and returned with triumph The other the next day when Cormock Mac Dermot chiefe Lord of Muskerie comming to the Campe to shew vs his rising out we willed him to returne by the Spaniards trenches that they might see the Irish serue on our side against them where they entertained a good skirmish but soone falling off a horseman was engaged and vnhorsed but Sir William Godolphin with my troope rescued him charging close to their trenches in a way flancked by two trenches and filled with great numbers of shot yet returned to our great maruell with little or no hurt hauing beaten them from their strength and killed many of their men whereof they left some behind them besides others wee saw them carry off From this beginning we hope God will so blesse our iust quarrell as shortly we shall haue cause to enforme you of better successe We vnderstand that Tyrone will presently come hither which if he doe your Lordships can iudge how weake we are to deale both with him and the Spaniards The same day his Lordship wrote this following letter to Master Secretarie SIr what we desire and how our affaires are disposed of you haue by our general letters to my Lords Now I will desire that my vnremoueable affection may be held as a conclusion so absolutely granted that I may no more trouble you with any ceremonies for you shall finde that I will not value my life nor any fortune of this world to make you assured demonstration thereof when I shall haue the happinesse to haue power and occasion to shew it Onely now touching the point of my Lord Presidents comming ouer to take from you any doubt that in my owne particular I could not earnestly concurre with you I doe protest on my Christianitie that I know no man in this Kingdome that I could haue been better pleased should haue been the deliuerer of my affections and actions then himselfe and by him vnto you and from you might haue deliuered and receiued much which I desire most to doe neither do I know any who I conceiue could haue deliuered more sufficiently the present state of this Kingdome nor propounded to greater purpose for her Maiesties seruice the course that will be fittest for you in England to embrace But against mine owne priuate desire he hath opposed his own peremptory distaste of the motion with this protestation to hate me if I should vrge it Besides it seemes to me against the publike commodity in so weighty a cause to send away so worthy an instrument and depriue our selues of the assistance we receiue thereby at this time especially the stage of this great action being chiefly in his owne Prouince in the which the successe of his gouernement doth best shew what authority his iudgement and presence doth carry So that I conclude for your sake his owne and mine but especially for the publike at this time he cannot well be spared from hence besides that he hath vowed to fall out with all if it be vrged And although these spoiles of ambition are of all other the most vnwillingly shared by men of our profession yet I protest I am glad euen in this great goale of honour to runne equally with him and to participate with all his aduentures This band of the honour we beare to you and mutuall affection to each other hauing for chiefe knot the seruice of our dearest Soueraigne there is no corruption that may be likely to dissolue it and therefore I hope it is tied by the hand of God and it shall not be in the power of man to loose it I am assured that you and I thinke the State of England cannot but conceiue the importance of our worke for now I act a est alia betweene England and Spaine and we that doe play the game haue least interest in the stake though we will winne or loose our liues to shew that we doe not play booty wherefore I hope you will not forget vs for vestrares agitur And let this onely argument which I could confirme with many circumstances oppose it selfe against the Counsels of those that will sell their birth rites in Heauen it selfe to please their owne enuious and partiall pallates that the warre of the Low-Countries was begunne and hath beene maintained with few more naturall Spaniards then are arriued here already and that putting armes and discipline into this people they are more warlike then any of his auxiliaries Sir I will trouble you no longer being desirous to doe somewhat worth the writing God send vs an Easterly winde and vnto you as much happines as I doe wish vnto my owne soule From the Campe by Kinsale this 24 of October 1601 Yours Sir most assured for euer to doe you seruice Mountioy The fiue and twenty the Army was ready to rise but the weather falling out very foule direction was giuen not to dislodge Foure naturall Spaniards came this day to vs from the Enemy who the
that her Maiesty will be pleased to hasten her Fleete to the Coast of Spaine which comming timely will in our opinions hinder any enterprize for Ireland but least that shoule faile we renew our former motion that the Tramontama and the Moone may be returned to serue vpon the Coast of Mounster that the proportions of munition and victuals desired in our former letters may speedily be dispatched hither and that victualers without impediment may come from all places to releeue vs for already a very great dearth is begun and a famine must ensue the rates of all things being incredible and the new money much repined at notwithstanding we do our vttermost endeuors to aduance it But in a matter of so great importance we humbly desire your Lordships to giue vs leaue to deliuer our opinions freely hauing so assured ground for it that if the King of Spaine continue his war in this Country it will be hard to preserue her Maiesties army and Kingdom without the altering of the currant mony so general is the dislike thereof and so insolently do they begin already to refuse it but if there come no forraine aide her Maiesty as we think may securely continue it as it is for all we that are of the Army whom it most concerneth in regard we liue wholly vpon our entertainement will God willing indure it for the aduancement of the seruice though we are sensible of our losse by the excessiue enhauncing of the prices of all things that wee are to lieu vpon which cannot bee holpen so long as this new coyne continues currant Of Tyrone since his ouerthrow and departure we hetherto haue heard little neither doe we thinke hee will be able to doe any great harme without the aide of new supplies from Spaine And so wee humbly take leaue c. From Corke c. The same fifteenth-day the Lord Deputy wrote to Master Secretary in England this letter following SIr this strange continuance of the windes in the West and the South makes mee looke backe into the danger that both her Maiesties Army and Kingdome haue passed for if Sir Richard Leuison with her Maiesties Fleete had not taken the opportunitie of that winde which did no more then bring him hether and giue the rest of the supplies with great difficultie their passage from other ports to vs no doubt by these contrary windes from that time to this day continuing all the affaires of her Maiestie here had been in an extreame hazard And when I consider first that in all likelihood we could expect no lesse then a powerful supply out of Spaine and that the greater the more the King should find himself ingaged and his Army stand in need of seconding except he might be in time aduertised of this ouerture we haue made here to disimbarke himself fairely of an enterprize which I presume his Ministers here do beleeue and will perswade him to be vnfit any longer to imbrace Then that the winds haue been such as haue onely serued to carry him the danger of his men here and not the peace which they haue made for since Syriago his departure which was presently after the ouerthrow Don Iean del ' Aguyla was neuer able to send away any dispatch which we may hope to be arriued in Spainé And lastly that we haue credible intelligence of the Kings resolution and forwardnesse to send his men here strong and speedy succours When I consider these things I cannot but feare a heauy warre to bee towards vs which as I doe constantly beleeue had been preuented if it had pleased God to send vs a winde in any time to haue sent away these Spaniards or at the least the assured relation of their estates Thus the continuance of contrary winds in these parts doth make me apprehend the extreame perils wherewith her Maiesty shall bee driuen to make the warre in this Country with extreame charge if the Spaniards perseuer in their purpose for without huge Magazins great waste and continuall charge of shipping and land carriages such a warre cannot be made and I am perswaded that her Maiesty were as good giue ouer at the first the defence of this country as to intend a war without making those prouisions for it Now as my loue to her to her seruice doth make me as sensible I wil boldly protest as any man liuing of whatsoeur burthē the state doth feele so the same loue shuld make me suffer with alacrity the waight of my vneasie charge the dangerous waies wherein I walke if I did not perceiue the poore Asse to be the worse liked that he doth carry so much treasure from her cofers howsoeuer he doe vnwillingly beare it away and feeleth nothing but the heauy burthen thereof This and some inclination that I haue found to measure my labours by the successe not by my endeauours haue I confesse more discouraged me then all the difficulties I euer passed or may expect And sauing the thankefulnes which I cannot chuse but yeeld vnto God for the successe which it hath pleased him of late to giue me I protest I was neuer accompanied with more vnquiet thoughts then since my last comming to Corke where I continue in a most noysome Towne full of infection seeing no end of my labours nor finding any measure of them and yet fearing that they are valued of so little merit as they are rather likely to draw on dislike-Wherefore as in my owne heart I doe vtterly distaste this vnhappy profession with no further ambition then to set downe in quietnesse vnder mine owne Vine with the conscience of hauing beene no vnprofitable seruant to her Maiesty so Sir I vow before God I will acknowledge it an euerlasting bond if you will be a meane to procure me that harmelesse fortune that I may as aboue all things I desire serue her Maiesty henceforward with as pure as I will euer doe with faithfull deuotion and make my selfe ready for another World for I thanke God I doe hate this Blame me not I beseech you Sir for apprehending my fortune with so much discomfort since I doe not onely perceiue what enemies I haue that are ingenious and industrious to vrge all my proceeding to my disaduantage but find that their malice did take such effect with her Maiesty as to moue her to be vnsatisfied with my endeuours wherein my owne conscience cannot acknowledge any thing omitted within my power or belonging to my duty whatsoeuer the successe had beene Sir as I neuer deserued any ill of them by deed except it be by doing her Maiesty better seruice then they can or will doe nor by word for I doe not thinke or speake of them but when these tokens of their good will doe force mee vnto it so I protest I doe as much scorne their malice as the barking of so many whelpes and would be little troubled with it But when I thinke that their false euidence doth sway the opinion of my supreame Iudge
150. Captaine Sackfeild 100. Captaine Norton 100. Captaine Billings 150. Captaine Phillips 150. Foote 850. Horse at Carickfergus Sir Arthur Chichester Gouernour 25. Captaine Iohn Iephson 100. Horse 125. Foote in Lecale Sir Richard Moryson vnder his Lieutenant 150 himselfe commanding a Regiment in the Armie The Lord Deputies Army in the field for this Summers seruice Horse The Lord Deputie 100. Sir William Godolphin 50. Sir Garret Moore 50. Sir Richard Greame 50. Sir Samuel Bagnol 50. Sir Henrie Dauers 100. Master Marshall 30. Sir Christopher S. Laurence 25. Sir Francis Rush 12. Captaine Fleming 25. Captaine George Greame 14. Horse in the Army 506. Foote Lord Deputies Guard 200. Sir Iohn Barkeley 200. Sir Beniamin Berry 150. Sir Henry Folliot 150. Sir William Fortescue 150. Sir Iames Peirse 150. Sir Garret Moore 〈◊〉 Sir Christopher S. Laurence 150. Sir Edward Fitz Garret 100. Sir Tibbot Dillon 100. Master Marshall 150. Capt. Iosias Bodley 150. Capt. Toby Gawfeild 150. Captaine Richard Hansard 100. Capt. Edward Blany 150. Capt. Fran. Roe 150 Capt. Ralph Counstable 100. Capt. Fisher 100. Captaine Iohn Roberts 100. Capt. George Blount 150. Captaine Iames Blount 100. Captaine Hensto for pioners 200. Captaine Masterson 150. Captaine Henrie Barkley 150. Captaine Morrys 100. Captaine Anthony Earsfeild 100. Captaine Treuer 100. Foote in the Army 3650. Totall of horse by the List 1487. Foote by the List 16950. The forces being thus disposed for the Summers seruice and the Lord Deputie hauing recouered his health his first care was to obey her Maiesties directions in dispatching for England Sir Robert Gardener and Sir Oliuer S. Iohns with a relation of the present state of this Kingdome By them besides instructions of the present state his Lordship sent this following letter to the Lords in England dated the fifth of May 1602. MAy it please your Lordships although you haue good reason to guesse at the difficulties of the warre of Ireland both by the long continuance and the exceeding charge thereof before my time vnder which the rebels strength did euer grow as by the slow progresse though still to the better that it hath made I must confesse vnder my gouernement yet since I doe conceiue that none but we that are personall actors therein especially in these times wherein the fashion and force of this people is so much altered from that it was wont to bee can thorowly apprehend with how many impediments crosses and oppositions we vndertake and proceede in all things I humbly desire your Lordships to giue mee leaue for your satisfaction and the discharge of my duty to open vnto you some of the causes which I doe better feele then I can expresse that haue hindred so speedy a conclusion of this warre as her Maiesty out of her great prouidence and large proportion of expence might happily expect At my first arriuall I found the rebels more in number then at any time they had bin since the conquest and those so farre from being naked people as before times that they were generally better armed then we knew better the vse of their weapons then our men and euen exceeded vs in that discipline which was fittest for the aduantage of the naturall strength of the Country for that they being very many and expert shot and excelling in footmanship all other Nations did by that meanes make better vse of those strengths both for offence and defence then could haue bin made of any squadrons of pikes or artificiall fortisications of Townes In regard whereof I presumed that mans wit could hardly find out any other course to ouercome them but by famine which was to be wrought by seueral Garrisons planted in fit places altered vpon good occasions These plantations could not be made but by Armies which must first settle them and after remoue them as the strength of the enemy required the time for those plantations not only of most conueniency but almost of necessity was to be in the Summe and that for many eminent reasons but especially in that meanes might bee prouided for horse to liue in the winter without which those Garrisons would proue of little effect Now I beseech your Lordships to remember that I receiued this charge the eight and twentieth of February in the yeere 1599 at which time I found the rebels in number and Armes as I haue said growne to the very height of pride and confidence by a continued line of their successe and our misfortunes of the subiects the worst assisting them openly and almost the best leaning to their fortune out of a despaire of ours the Army discouraged in themselues and beleeue mee my Lords for you will hardly beleeue much contemned by the Rebels None of our Garrisons had stirred abroad but they returned beaten the enemie being so farre Master of the field that Tyrone had measured the whole length of Ireland and was comming backe vnfought with And with mee they began the warre at the very suburbs of Dublin At that time the choice of the whole Army and euen of euerie Company that was left behind was drawne into Mounster by the Earle of Ormond how beit I being desirous to loose no time nor opportunitie presently gathered together that poore remnant being the refuse of the rest with a purpose to haue fought with the Traitor in his returne betweene Fercale and the Ennye but hee hastening his iournies vpon some intelligence of my designe and I being the longer staied by the difference of the Councels opinion from mine intent it fell out that I came too late to trie that faire fortune with him The rest of the Spring I was enforced to attend the drawing of diuers Captaines and Companies from remote and diuided Garrisons that were to be imploied for Loughfoyle and Ballishannon for by your Lordships appointment I was to send one thousand other souldiers from these parts and to cast three thousand more in consideration of so many sent thither out of England and to reduce the List from sixteene thousand to fourteene thousand which at that time was a proportion too little to vndertake the warre with all I was further to victuall the Forts of Leax and Ophalye in those times accounted great and dangerous seruices And about the fifth of May 1600 I drew towards the North chiefely to diuert Tyrone and his Northerne forces from giuing opposition to the Plantation at Loughfoyle but withall purposing if I found meanes for victuals and carriages to haue left a Garrison at Armagh The first I did thorowly effect for I gaue way to those of Loughfoyle to land and settle quietly drew Tyrone with his chiefe forces vpon my selfe and in all the fights I had with him made him know that his fortune began to turne and brake those bounds of his circuit whence hee was wont to affront our greatest Armies for in that which was last before this called a Northerne iourney when the Army consisted almost of double numbers of Horse and Foote they were by the Traytor
the onely remedy doth consist in the carefull and diligent ouersight of her Maiesties Ministers to whom that trust is committed her Maiesty thinketh that as your selues did truely find the faults and abuses so none can better prouide for their remedy then you that are there present and especially you the Treasurer by whose Ministers errours her Maiesty hath beene so much preiudiced And whereas especiall cause of these frauds is imputed to the multiplicity of the bils of exchange wee should most willingly be of that mind to reduce all vnto one place at Dublyn were it not that wee find you the Treasurer to vary in your opinion hauing signified heretofore by your particular letters to some of vs that there is no possible way of remedy but by reducing all the Banckes to one place and yet by this letter iointly with the rest of the Counsell deliuering your opinion for the establishing of two places vnto which opinion because we conceiue you are wonne vpon the consultation of that Counsell we haue applied our consent therevnto And to the end it may plainely appeare vnto you how the Merchants others abusing the exchange doe most fraudulently serue their turne both vpon her Maiesties Subiects there if it bee true as hath beene informed to vs by persons of good credit comming from thence that they improue their commodities to a treble price and more in respect of that Coyne and likewise vpon her Maiesties excessiue losse by returne of their money vpon the exchange wee haue thought good to send you an Estimate or Calculation of the gaine that one of them may make and as it is to be supposed doth make in this course vpon the expence but of one hundred pounds vttered there in commodities making and raising therevpon but two for one whereby you may iudge how vnreasonable aduantage may be further made vpon the profit of three or foure for one if the Merchant be so ill disposed or can find the meanes of a corrupt Minister vnder the Treasurer to combine with him And so wee bid you right heartily well to fare From the Court at White-Hall the 24 of December 1602. A computation sent ouer inclosed in the former letter of the gaine which a Merchant may make by the Exchange bringing to the Exchange in each one hundred pound forty pound sterling and supposing the Merchant to be without sterling money in his store or without credit and to vse the Exchange directly If he conuert one hundred pound sterling into wares and sell the same in Ireland at the rate of two for one viz. For two hundred pound Irish he doth thereby gaineas followeth To haue the benefit of the Exchange he must haue fourscore pounds sterling which supposing that he buieth at fiue shillings Irish each twenty shillings sterling his fourescore pound sterling doth cost him one hundred pounds Irish. Then commeth he to the Exchange with one hundred pounds Irish and fourscore pounds sterling for both which the Minister giueth him a bill to receiue in England one hundred seuenty fiue pound sterling for hee must loose fiue pound of the exchange of the one hundred Irish. Then hath he in his purse in England one hundred seuenty fiue pound defalking his first stocke which was one hundred pound resteth cleere to him seuenty fiue pound And this he may doe vpon as many returnes as he maketh in a yeere If it be obiected that he cannot buy sterling money at so low a rate as for fiue and twenty shillings Irish but that he doe pay thirty shilling Irish for twenty shillings sterling then is his gaine the lesse by nineteene pound and yet shall he gaine sixe and fifty pound But supposing such 〈◊〉 Merchant as is not in necessity to by sterling money with Irish but that he they borrow it here of friends though he pay twenty pound in the hundred for 〈◊〉 is his gaine in this manner His hundred pounds sterling conuerted into wares and sold in Ireland for two hundred pound Irish he bringeth to the Exchange one hundred and twenty pound Irish and fourescore pounds sterling borrowed and receiueth a bill to be paid in England one hundred fourescore and foureteene pound loosing sixe pound for the returne of one hundred and twenty pound Irish. So hath he in his purse in England one hundred fourescore and foureteene pound out of which deducting one hundred pound which was the first stocke resteth to him fourescore and foureteene pound Out of which gaine allowing him fourescore pounds to pay for so much borrowed by him yet resteth to him foureteene pound And further hee hath remaining in his hands in Ireland fourescore pound Irish remaining of his two hundred Irish whereof he brought onely one hundred and twenty pound to the Exchange To haue which fourescore pound returned by the Exchange hee must borrow two and thirty pound sterling and so shall hee haue a bill to be paied in England one hundred and eight pound for he looseth foure pound for exchange of the fourescore pound Irish Out of which one hundred and eight pound abating the two and thirty pound borrowed there resteth gained seuenty sixe pound Whereunto adding the foureteene pound aboue mentioned then the whole gaine is fourescore and ten pound From whence take for the interest of one hundred and twelue pound borrowed for three moneths after twenty in the hundred for a yeere which is for three moneths sixe pound twelue shillings and then his cleere gaine is towards his freight custome forbearing the money and other charges fourescore and foure pound eight shillings About the end of Ianuary the Lord Deputy returned from Connaght to Dublyn and by the way receiued letters from Rowry O Donnell who now had vndertaken the prosecution of O Rorke and signified his determination to make a roade presently into his Countrey and to leaue some of his men to lie vpon him in some places of conuenient strength but his Lordship being come to Dublyn receiued another letter from the said Rory O Donnell vpon the eighteenth of February signifying that O Rorkes strength was much increased by the repaire of many chiefe Rebels into his Countrey so as for the present he was nether able to attempt O Rorke nor to defend himselfe from his attempts till the English forces should draw vp to assist him the hastning whereof he prayed and that he might haue leaue to put vp his Creaghtes for a time towards Ballishannon for his better safetie The fiue and twentieth of February the Lord Deputie wrote this following letter to the Lords in England and sent it by the hands of the Lord President of Mounster at this time going for England MAy it please your Lordships although I am vnwilling to enforme you often of the present estate of this Kingdome or of any particular accidents or seruices because the one is subiect to so much alteration and the other lightly deliuered vnto all that are not present with such vncertainety and that I am loath
without necessity to continue her charge seeing wee doe thorowly conceiue how greeuous it is vnto her estate and that wee may not be precisely tied to an establishment that shall conclude the payments of the Treasurer since it hath euer beene thought fit to be otherwise till the comming ouer of the Earle of Essex and some such extraordinary occasion may fall out that it will bee dangerous to attend your Lordships resolutions and when it will be safe to diminish the Army here that there may be some course thought of by some other employment to disburthen this Countrey of the idle Sword-men in whom I find an inclination apt enough to be carried elsewhere either by some of this Countrey of best reputation among them or in Companies as now they stand vnder English Captaines who may be reinforced with the greatest part of Irish. That it may be left to our discretion to make passages and bridges into Countries otherwise vnaccessible and to build little piles of stone in such garrisons as shall be thought fittest to be continuall bridles vpon the people by the commodity of which wee may at any time draw the greatest part of the Army together to make a head against any part that shall first breake out and yet reserue the places onely with a ward to put in greater Forces as occasion shall require which I am perswaded will proue great pledges vppon this Countrey that vpon any vrgent cause the Queene may safely draw the greatest part of her Army here out of the Kingdome to be emploied at least for a time elsewhere wherein I beseech your Lordships to consider what a strength so many experienced Captaines and Souldiers would be to any Army of new men erected in England against an inuasion or sent abroad in any offensiue warre but vntill these places be built I cannot conceiue how her Maiesty with any safety can make any great diminution of her Army Lastly I doe humbly desire your Lordships to receiue the further explanation of my meaning and confirmation of the reasons that doe induce me vnto these propositions from the Lord President of Mounster who as he hath beene a very worthy actor in the reducement and defence of this Kingdome so doe I thinke him to be best able to giue you through accompt of the present estate future prouidence for the preseruation thereof wherein it may please your L p. to require his opinion of the hazard this Kingdome is like to runne if it should by any mighty power be inuaded how hard it will be for vs in any measure to prouide for the present defence if any such be intended withall to goe on with the suppression of these that are left in Rebellion so that wee must either aduenture the new kindling of this fire that is almost extinguished or intending onely that leaue the other to exceeding perill And thus hauing remembred to your Lordships the most materiall Points as I conceiue that are fittest for the present to bee considered of I doe humbly recommend my selfe and them to your Lordships fauour From her Maiesties Castle of Dublin this sixe and twentieth of Februarie 1602. At the same time the Lord Deputy wrote to the Lords in England about his priuate affaires wherein he signified that al manner of prouisions necessarie for the maintenance of an houshold were of late especially bought at such excessiue rates aswell in regard of the famine growing daily greater in Ireland by the continuall spoile of the Countrie and the Armies cutting downe of the Rebels Corne for these last two yeeres as also in regard of the disualuation of the mixed coyne now currant after the taking away of exchange whereof each shilling had no more then two pence halfe-penny siluer in it and that the prices of the said prouisions daily so increased as soure times the entertainement allowed him by her Maiesty for his maintenance would not answere his ordinarie expences except it would please their Lordships to allow him exchange for the most part of his entertainement that thereby he might be inabled to make his prouisions out of England In the beginning of March the Lord Deputie vnderstood that Brian Mac Art had secretly stolen into Killoltagh with some fiue hundred men vnder his leading as hee had lately done the like but was soone driuen out againe by Sir Arthur Chichester Whereupon his Lordship sent Sir Richard Moryson from Dublyn vp to his Garrison in Lecayle and gaue him his Lordships guard and three other Companies of Foote to leade with him that he might assist Sir Arthur Chichester in the prosecution of this Rebell who was soone driuen out of Killoltagh by those forces Now because I haue often made mention formerly of our destroying the Rebels Corne and vsing al meanes to famish them let me by two or three examples shew the miserable estate to which the Rebels were thereby brought Sir Arthur Chichester Sir Richard Moryson and the other Commanders of the Forces sent against Brian Mac Art aforesaid in their returne homeward saw a most horrible spectacle of three children whereof the eldest was not aboue ten yeeres old all eating and knawing with their teeth the entrals of their dead mother vpon whose flesh they had fed twenty dayes past and hauing eaten all from the feete vpward to the bare bones rosting it continually by a slow fire were now come to the eating of her said entralls in like sort roasted yet not diuided from the body being as yet raw Former mention hath been made in the Lord Deputies letters of carcases scattered in many places all dead of famine And no doubt the famine was so great as the rebell souldiers taking all the common people had to feede vpon and hardly liuing thereupon so as they besides fed not onely on Hawkes Kytes and vnsauourie birds of prey but on Horseflesh and other things vnfit for mans feeding the common sort of the Rebels were driuen to vnspeakeable extremities beyond the record of most Histories that euer I did reade in that kind the ample relating whereof were an infinite taske yet wil I not passe it ouer without adding some few instances Captaine Treuor many honest Gentlemen lying in the Newry can witnes that some old women of those parts vsed to make a fier in the fields diuers little children driuing out the cattel in the cold mornings and comming thither to warme them were by them surprised killed and eaten which at last was discouered by a great girle breaking from them by strength of her body and Captaine Trenor sending out souldiers to know the truth they found the childrens skulles and bones and apprehended the old women who were executed for the fact The Captaines of Carickfergus and the adiacent Garrisons of the Northerne parts can witnesse that vpon the making of peace and receiuing the rebels to mercy it was a common practise among the common sort of them I meane such as were not Sword-men to thrust long needles into
Roman Religion with the appeasing thereof in the beginning of the yeere 1603. Together with the Lord Deputies recalling into England and the rewards there giuen him for his seruice in the beginning of the yeere 1603 with mention of his vntimely death within few yeeres after and a word of the State of Ireland some ten yeeres after THE fiue and twentieth of March in the beginning of the yeere 1603 the Lord Deputy wrote this following letter from Mellifant Sir Garret Moores house to Master Secretary in England SIR I haue receiued by Captaine Hayes her Maiesties letters of the sixth of February wherein I am directed to send for Tyrone with promise of securitie for his life onely and vpon his arriuall without further assurance to make stay of him till her pleasure should bee further knowne and at the same time I receiued another from her Maiestie of the seuenteenth of February wherein it pleased her to inlarge the authority giuen vnto me to assure him of his life liberty and pardon vpon some conditions remembred therein And withall I receiued a letter from your selfe of the eighteenth of February recommending to me your owne aduice to fulfill as far as I possibly could the meaning of her Maiesties first letter and signifying her pleasure that I should seeke by all the best meanes I can to promise him his pardon by some other name then Earle of Tyrone and rather by the name of Barron of Dungannon or if it needes must bee by the name of some other Earle Secondly to deliuer him his Country in lesse quantity and with lesse power then before he had it And lastly to force him to cleare his paces and passages made difficult by him against any entrie into his Countrie And now since it hath pleased her Maiesty by so great a trust to giue me so comfortable Arguments of her fauour I am incouraged the more freely to presume to declare my selfe in this great matter which I call great because the consequence is great and dangerous to be delt in without the warrant of her gratious interpretation And though my opinion herein should proceede from a long and aduised consideration described with large and many circumstances and confirmed with strong and iudiciall reasons yet because I thinke it fit to hasten away this messenger I will write of these things somewhat though on the sudden and commit the rest to the sufficient iudgement and relation of the Lord President now in his iourney towards you and the rather because I finde him to concurre with mee in the apprehension of this cause and of the state of all other things of this Kingdome And first for her Maiesties first letter I pray you Sir beleeue me that I haue omitted nothing both by power and policy to ruine him and vtterly to cut him off and if by either I may procure his head before I haue engaged her Royall word for his safety I doe protest I will doe it and much more be ready to possesse my selfe of his person if by only promise of life or by any other meanes wherby I shal not directly scandal the maiesty of publike faith I can procure him to put himself into my power But to speak my opinion freely I thinke that he or any man in his case would hardly aduenture his liberty to preserue onely his life which he knoweth how so well to secure by many other waies for if he flie into Spaine that is the least wherof he can be assured and most men but especially he doe make little difference betweene the value of their life and liberty and to deceiue him I thinke it will bee hard for though wiser men then hee may be ouer-reached yet he hath so many eyes of iealousie awake that it will bee vnpossible to charme them and I do vpon assured ground beleeue that it is nothing but feare of his safety that of a long time especially of late hath kept him frō conformity to the State and if any thing do keep him now from accepting the lowest conditions and from setling himself and his hart to a constant seruing of her Maiestie it will be feare of an absolute forgiuenes or the want of such an estate as may in any measure cōtent him The danger of his subsisting as he doth is either if there come no forraine forces to maintaine still a loose head of Rebellion which will be better able to offend any such as are become subiects then we can be if we were a thousand times more to defend them at all times and in all places to stirre vp and to maintaine al humors and to be a wound remaining open vnto which they may haue recourse and vpon all accidents bee readie to swell or to infect the whole bodie of this Kingdome Otherwise if there should be any inuasion to be a powerfull and politick head to draw this Countrie to their assistance If there come no forraigne Forces and that hee should bee cut off yet is it likely some other in the nature of a spoiling outlaw would arise vp in his place as ill as himselfe and if hee bee kept prisoner the like effects will arise as if hee were dead If hee bee cut off or kept prisoner and the Spaniards should arriue most of the Swordmen will flocke vnto them for aduantage of pay and the discontentment of Lords of Countries would be as great or greater then if hee were amongst them and therefore they as likely to fall then as now to the Spanish partie but if it were possible to make him a good subiect the vse her Maiestie may make of him must bee amongst these people since during his life and libertie none will aspire to that place of O Neale which doth carrie with it so great an interest in the North and what interest hee hath hee may bee led to employ to suppresse and settle the mindes of the people to gouernement and hauing once declared himselfe to bee a dutifull subiect it will be first a great discouragement for the Spaniards to come and if they doe come if hee continue honest his presence and interest will sway the North from giuing them assistance or annoying the subiects if we withdraw our Garrisons and make the rest of Ireland more aduised how they declare themselues against the State Sir to conclude because I cannot shortly expresse mine owne minde herein I thinke it best if it please her Maiestie to receiue him to her mercy so that first his submission bee made in as humble sort and as much for her Maiesties Honour as can be deuised and then that she assure him of absolute forgiuenesse and forgetting of his faults and as much honour and profit as he had before prouided that wee take from him as much as possibly wee may those lockes wherein his chiefest strength lyes Otherwise I am perswaded either the Queene shal not serue her owne turne by him if shee keepe him prisoner or he will serue his turne if he liue at
true obedience to her royall person crown prerogatiue and lawes and to be in all things as farre and as dutifully conformable thereunto as I or any other Nobleman of this Realme is bound by the duty of a subiect to his Soueraigne or by the Lawes of this Realme vtterly renouncing and abiuting the name and title of O Neale or any other authoritie or claime which hath not beene granted or confirmed vnto mee by her Maiesty and that otherwise by the Lawes of this Realme I may not pretend inst interest vnto and I doe religiously sweare to performe so much as is aboue mentioned and the rest of these Articles subscribed by my owne hand as farre as shall any way lie in my power and to deliuer such pledges for the performance thereof as shall be nominated vnto me by the Lord Deputy I doe renounce and abiure all forraigne power whatsoeuer and all kind of dependancy vpon any other Potentate but her Maiesty the Queene of England France and Ireland and doe vow to serue her faithfully against any forraigne power inuading her Kingdomes and to discouer truely any practises that I doe or shall know against her roiall person or Crownes and namely and especially I doe abiure and renounce all manner of dependancy vpon the King or Estate of Spaine or treaty with him or any of his confederates and shall be ready with the vttermost of my ability to serue her Maiesty against him or any of his forces or confederates I doe absolutely renounce all challenge or intermedling with the Vriaghts or softering with them or other neighbour Lords or Gentlemen out of my Countrey or exacting any blacke rents of any Vriaghts or bordering Lords I doe resigne all claime and title to any lands but such as shall be now granted vnto me by her Maiesties Letters Pattents Lastly as the onely being a Subiect doth include all the duties of a Subiect so will I be content to be informed and aduised by her Magistrates here and will be conformable and assisting vnto them in any thing that may tend to the aduancement of her seruice and the peaceable gouernement of this Kingdome as namely for the abolishing of all barbarous customes contrary to the lawes being the seeds of all inciuility and for the cleering of difficult passages and places which are the nurseries of rebellion wherein I will employ the labours of the people of my Countrey in such sort and in such places as I shall be directed by her Maiesty or the Lord Deputy and Counsell in her name and will endeuour for my selfe and the people of my Countrey to erect ciuill habitations and such as shall bee of greater effect to preserue vs against theeues and any force but the power of the State by the which we must rest assured to be preserued as long as we continue in our duties This submission was presented by the Earle of Tyrone kneeling on his knees before the Lord Deputy and Counsell and in the presence of a great assembly At the same time the Earle promised to write vnto the King of Spaine for the recalling of his sonne from thence into Ireland and to doe the same at such time and in such words as the Lord Deputy should direct Likewise he vowed to discouer how farré he had proceeded with the King of Spaine or any other forraigne or domesticall enemies for past or future helpes and combinations Then the Lord Deputy in the Queenes name promised to the Earle for himselfe and his followers her Maiesties gratious pardon and to himselfe the restoring of his dignity of the Earledome of Tyrone and of his bloud and likewise new letters Pattents for all his lands which in his former letters had been granted to him before his rebellion excepting onely the Country possessed by Henrie Oge Oneale and the Fues possessed by Turlogh Mac Henrie to both which at their submission the Lord Deputie had formerly promised that they should hold the same immediately from the Queene to which ende this exemption and reseruation was now made of these Countries and the disposing of them left to her Maiesties power And likewise excepting and reseruing three hundred acres of land to bee laid to the Fort of Mountioy and three hundred more to the Fort of Charlemont during her Maiesties pleasure to hold any Garrisons in the said Forts To these exemptions of Henrie Oge and Turlogh Mac Henrie their Countries and themselues from the Earles right or power he gaue his full consent as likewise to the reseruation of the lands laid to the said Forts He promised to reduce his Countrie to pay her Maiestie like composition as Connaght now did and for long time had paied and to answere rising out of souldiers and all charges for aduancing her Maiesties seruice The third of Aprill the Lord Deputy hauing the Earle of Tyrone in his companie rode to Tredagh and from thence vpon the fourth day to Dublyn The next day an English ship arriued in that Hauen in which came Sir Henrie Dauers who brought with him letters from the Lords in England aduertising the Queens death and that Iames the first was proclaimed King of England Scotland France and Ireland the coppy of which Proclamation they sent to the end it should here be published in like sort Also in the same ship came one Master Liegh kinsman to the Lord Deputy who brought his Lordship a fauourable letter from the King out of Scotland This Master Liegh his Lordship presently graced with the honour of Knighthood And concerning the gentleman formerly spoken of whose seruant brought the first newes of the Queenes death I was not deceiued in the honour I did ominate to him as I haue formerly written for after he had followed my aduice in the manner of his imparting that important newes to the Lord Deputy his Lordship conceiued so good an opinion of him for his discretion and for the particular affection hee had expressed towards him by the tender of his seruice in following his fortune this doubtfull time as his Lordship did not onely by the way from Meltfant to Dublyn extraordinarily grace him and often call him not without some admiration of the better sort of his traine to ride by his side talking familiarly with him but now vpon his arriuall to Dublyn vpon this occasion of honouring his cozen Leigh did also knight him In the meane time according to the Lord Deputies commandement the Counsellers of the State the Noblemen Knights and chiefe Commanders of the Army then being at Dublyn assembled together in the Castle to whom his Lordship made knowne the Queenes death and the Kings Proclamation which he first then all in course signed and presently taking Horse with ioyfull acclamations published the same through the chiefe streets of Dublyn I cannot omit to mention that the Earle of Tyrone vpon the first hearing the Lord Deputies relation of the Queenes death could not containe himselfe from shedding of teares in such quantity as it could not well
appeare by his letter in March sent me to Tredagh whether I was then drawne vpon speciall occasion of seuice I thought it fit to entertaine the offer of his submission and to draw on the speedier conclusion of so important a busines both for that the daily intelligence out of Spaine threatned danger vnto this Kingdom and for that I had then receiued aduertisement from the Counsell in England of her Maiesties dangerous sicknesse the least of which accidents might haue reuiued his hopes added new life vnto his languishing partisans and vtterly changed the whole frame of my proceedings To this end I signed his Protection for three weekes with seuerall warrants to the bordering Garrisons of forbearance from doing any hostile act either vpon his person and the persons of his followers or vpon their goods during the terme aforesaid appointing Sir Garret Moore a Gentleman well deseruing of the State and out of ancient acquaintance with the Earle much respected by him to repaire vnto him and to giue him knowledge that if simply and plainely according to the tennor of his humble requests he were resolued without any delay to present his petitions vnto me in his owne person where I assigned his appearance he should then receiue a protection for his safe comming and returne with assurance for his people and goods during his absence by the hands of Sir William Godolphin whom I had purposely sent into those part with a sufficient guard to attend his resolution and to bring him safely vnto me These conditions though at first seeming somewhat hard as both tasting of too great an humblenes and not vtterly free from danger of his person whose head was set to Sale by a publike act and priuate men not bound to take knowledged of the present proceedings found easier acceptance then almost any man would haue imagined the Earle peremtorily commanding that none of his vpon what pretence soeuer should presume to disswade him from obaying this summons seeing no way of mediation was left vnto him saue onely this vowing in the presence of a great many that although the Deputies heauy hand had almost brought him to the height of misery yet should no mortall power haue extorted from him a submission of this nature but that out of long and earnest obseruation of his proceedings he had found reason to hope that when his Lordship should discouer the vnfained penitency of his heart for his forepast misdeeds with a firme resolution to redeeme his offences by faithful seruing her Maiestie and wel deseruing of the State during the whole remainder of his life that he should then find from him as great commiseration of his present sufferings and as charitable a repaire against the threatned ruines of his house posterity and poore distressed Country as he had tatted bitternes in the whole course of his former prosecution Thus perswaded he left directions for setling his Country the best he might on such a sudden and with a guard of 50 horse vnder the leading of Sir William Godolphin making great marches vntill he came vnto me within three miles of Tredagh fell there downe on his knees before a great assembly confessing his vnworthines yet humbly crauing her Maiesties mercy which as aboue all earthly things he protested to desire so hee vowed with the vttermost of his power to deserue the same It were too long to set downe all that passed in this first interview he striuing to expresse in all his speeches and gestures the lowest degree of humblenes to me that was to valew and to maintaine the greatnes of her State and place whō he so highly had offended The next morning I sent for him the Treasurer at Warres being onely present with me and made him see how well I vnderstood his present condition how vnpossible it was for him to subsist euen in the poorest and most contēptible fashion of a Woodkerne if her Maiestie were but pleased to imploy the present instruments of his ruine Finally finding him most sensible both of his estate and the Queenes high fauour in remitting his crime I promised him her gratious pardon on those conditions mentioned in the memoriall sent by your hands From thence he attended me to Tredagh and so to Dublin the fourth of Aprill where the next day I receiued letters from the Nobility in England signifyng the death of our late Soueraigne Whereupon I called together the Counsell and such of the Nobilitie as were in Towne and acquainting them with the contents thereof I propounded also the present proclaiming of his Maiestie whereunto all most willingly agreed and among them the Earle of Tyrone and when they had set their hands to the Proclamation all together did accompany me the Deputy to the publishing thereof in the City Since that time I thought fit to dismisse the Earle of Tyrone into his owne Country the better to retaine his people and partisans in good order but first we tooke from him a new submission to his Maiesty signed by his hand which now I send by you Also you shall informe his Maiesty that now there is no Rebell in Ireland who hath not sued to be receiued to the Kings mercy and that I think fit to yeeld the same to most of them leauing only some few to be prosecuted to vtter ruine for an example and terror to other ill affected subiects wherin I desire to know his Maiesties pleasure Lastly you are to present my humble sute vnto his Maiesty to bee discharged of this Gouernement or if it shal please his Maiesty to employ me further herein yet that he wil vouchsafe me leaue to kisse his Royal hands which I desire not only out of my particular affection to haue the happines to see him but also out of my desire to informe him thorowly of the present estate of this Kingdome wherein I presume that I shall be able to doe his Maiesty very good seruice And if it shall not please his Maiestie to resolue for the present on some other man to vndertake this Gouernement but onely to leaue the authoritie to some fit mans hand during my absence and if hee bee resolued to make choise among those that are here present and therein shall require my opinion you shall say that although I will not presume to recommend any to his Maiestie yet I doe thinke Sir George Cary Treasurer at warres to be most fit for that place who hath already been Lord Iustice of this Kingdome and howsoeuer he be no souldier yet is well acquainted with the businesse of the warre wherein he hath been euer very industrious to aduance the seruice At the same time the Lord Deputy sent ouer Master Richard Cooke one of his Secretaries to negotiate his affaires in Court And because his Lordship desired to retaine the superintendency of this Gouernement with title of Lord Lieutenant and with two third parts of the Lord Deputies allowances in regard no man was able to support the place of Lord Deputy with
the other third part of that allowance except he had other great Fees and place of commodity in this Kingdome his Lordship nominated as before Sir George Cary to be most fit for that place some other Counsellers being in this one point ioyned with him namely to signe all such warrants as should be signed for the disbursing of the Treasure The instructions giuen to Master Cooke were these To procure a new Pattent to the Lord Mountioy with title of Lord Lieutenant and with authority to leaue Sir George Carey Treasurer at Warres to be Lord Deputy and so his Lordship to come presently ouer 2. To procure new Pattents for Wards letting of the Kings lands compounding the Kings debts c. as before 3. To solicite for victuall munition and mony 4. To moue the change of the base coine now currant 5. To aduertise the newes from Spaine 6. To solicite the sending of new Seales namely the great Seale Signets Counsell seales for the State Mounster and Connaght for the Kings Bench Common pleas and Exchequer 7. To procure authoritie to passe estates to the Irish Lords After King Iames his Proclamation at Dublin the Lord Deputy sent like Proclamations to all Gouernours Magistrates and Officers of Prouinces Cities and Countries to be in like sort published and with all made knowne to them seuerally his Maiesties pleasure signified in his letters directed to the Lords in England to continue all Gouernours Magistrates and Officers and all his Maiesties Ministers as well Martiall as Ciuill of both the Kingdomes of England and Ireland in as absolute authorities and iurisdictions of their places as before the decease of the late Queene Elizabeth of famous memory they enioyed and exercised the same as also to continue and establish all the Lawes and Statutes of both Kingdomes in their former force and validity till such time as his Maiesty should please to take fuller knowledge and resolue for the publik good of any alteration not intended but vpon some speciall and waighty causes and should please to giue notice of his pleasure Further his Lordship aduised them to concurre with him in the vigilant care to present all things in the best estate might be to the first view of so worthy and mighty a Soueraigne The twelfth of Aprill the Lord Deputy receiued letters from Sir Charles Wilmott and Sir George Thorneton appointed Commissioners with ioynt authority for gouerning the Prouince of Mounster in the absence of Sir George Carew Lord President late gone for England aduertising that they had blocked vp Mac Morrish in the Castle of Billingarry belonging to the Lord Fitz-morrice and hoped by the taking thereof to cleere the Prouince of all open Rebels The fifteenth of Aprill his Lordship receiued a letter from Ororke humbly imploring the Queenes mercy and the same day after his hearing of the Queenes death another in like humblenesse crauing the Kings mercy The sixteenth day his Lordship receiued letters from the Mayor of Corke aduertising that hee had receiued the Kings Proclamation the eleuenth of Aprill and had deferred the publishing thereof to this day onely to the end it might be doue with more solemnity humbly praying that in regard the Fort built for defence of the Harbour of Corke from forraigne inuasion was not kept by a Commander sufficient to secure the same for the Crowne his Lordship would accept the offer of him the Mayor and therest of the corporation of the said City to keepe the same for his Maiesty at their owne perill Lastly complaining that the Souldiers now keeping the Fort did shoote at the Fishermen and at the Boates sent out of the Towne for prouisions vsing them at their pleasure The same sixteenth day his Lordship was aduertised by seuerall letters First that the Citizens of Waterford had broken vp the doores of the Hospitall and had admitted one Doctor White to preach at Saint Patrickes Church and had taken from the Sexton the keyes of the Cathedrall Church of themselues mutinously setting vp the publike celebration of the Masse and doing many insolencies in that kind Secondly that Edward Raghter a Dominican Frier of Kilkenny assisted by some of the Towne came to the Blacke-Fryers vsed for a Session-House and breaking the doores pulled downe the benches and seates of Iustice building an Altar in the place of them and commanded one Biship dwelling in part of the Abbey to deliuer him the keyes of his House who was to take possession of the whole Abbey in the name and right of the Friers his brethren The eighteenth day his Lordship was aduertised from the Commissioners of Mounster that the Citizens of Corke had not onely refused to ioine with them in publishing the Proclamation of King Iames but had drawne themselues all into Armes and kept strong guardes at their Ports and had absolutely forbidden the Commissioners to publish the same with such contemptuous words and actions as would haue raised a mutiny if they had not vsed greater temper That the Townesmen had made stay of boats loaded with the Kings victuals and munition for the Fort of Haleholin saying that the Fort was built within their Franchizes without their consent and was meetest to be in the custody of the City Whereupon they the said Commissioners accompanied with the Lord Roche and some 800 persons of the Countrey all expressing muchioy but none of the Citizens assisting or expressing any ioy did publish the Proclamation vpon an hill neere the Towne with as much solemnity as might be and had furnished the Fort with victuals and munition from Kinsale And they besought his Lordship speedily to reestablish by new Letters Pattents the Magistrates authority because the ceasing thereof by the Queenes death had especially emboldened these Citizens to be thus insolent The same day one Edward Gough a Merchant of Dublyn newly comming out of Spaine and examined vpon oath said that at Cales he saw the Ordinance shipped to S. Lucas for forty sayle as he heard there ready to goe for Lisbone where was a fleete of 140 ships prepared as some said for Ireland or as others said for Flaunders but hee heard no Generall named onely heard that Don Iean de l'Agula was againe receiued to the Kings fauour The 22 day his Lordship wrote to the Soneraigne of Kilkenny that howsoeuer he had no purpose violently to reforme Religion in this Kingdome but rather prayed for their better vnderstanding yet he could not permit yea must seuerely punish in that Towne and otherwhere the seditious mutinous setting vp of the publike exercise of Popish Religion without publike authority and likewise with preiudice done to those of the prosession established by God and by the Lawes of both the Realmes requiring that hee and they should desist from such mutinous disorders apprehending the chiefe authors and if they wanted power to suppresse the sedition of a few Priests Friers his L P offered to assist them with the Kings forces for he would not faile to giue life to the
out through the dispersed clouds and shining so bright as our best Marrines easily discouered the Harbour of Yoghall and the tide seruing happily we passed the barre into the same And the next morning we might see the danger we had escaped most apparant for our ship was so farre vnable to indure the waues of the sea with her great leake and the foulenesse of the Pumpes if we had been forced to keepe a bord till the next daies light might make vs know the coast as the same night she had sunke in the quiet Harbour if the Marriners had not chosen rather to driue her on ground At this time I found the State of Ireland much changed for by the flight of the Earle of Tyrone and the Earle of Tirconnell with some Chiefes of Countries in the North and the suppression and death of Sir Cabier Odogherty their confederate in making new troubles all the North was possessed by new Colonies of English but especially of Scots The meere Irish in the North and ouerall Ireland continued still in absolute subiection being powerfull in no part of the Kingdome excepting onely Connaght where their chiefe strength was yet little to bee feared if the English-Irish there had sound hearts to the State But the English Irish in all parts and especially in the Pale either by our too much cherishing them since the last Rebellion in which we found many of them false hearted or by the Kings religious courses to reforme them in their obstinate adiction to Poperie euen in those points which oppugned his Maiesties temporall power or by the fulnesse of bread in time of peace whereof no Nation sooner surfets then the Irish were growne so wanton so incensed and so high in the instep as they had of late mutinously broken of a Parlament called for the publike good and reformation of the Kingdome and from that time continued to make many clamourous complaints against the English Gouernours especially those of the pale against the worthy Lord Deputy and his Ministers through their sides wounding the Roiall authoritie yea in all parts the Churle was growne rich and the Gentlemen and Swordmen needy and so apt to make a prey of other mens goods The Citizens of Mounster had long since obtained the renuing of their old Charters with all their exorbitant priuiledges and were now growne most refractory to all due obedience especially for matters of Religion In which parts the very numbers of the Priests swarming among them and being actiue men yea contrary to their profession bloudy in handling the sword far exceeded the number of the Kings souldiers reduced to very smal or no strength And many loose mē flocked into that Prouince out of the Low-Countries who being trained there in the Irish Regiment with the Arch-Duke daily sent ouer new men to bee in like sort trained there and themselues lay dispersed and hidden in all corners with hearts no doubt apt to imbrace mischieuous enterprises And howsoeuer the English Lawyers comming ouer after the last warre vaunted Ireland to be reduced to ful obedience by their Itinerary circuits scarce mentioning with honour the sword that made way to them yet they were therein deceiued that the Irish in their clamorous and litigious nature flying to them with many complaints did it onely to get countenance to their causes from them who were strangers to them perhaps against former iudgements of the Gouernours who better knew them and so to oppose one Magistrate against another not as they might perhaps thinke in sincere affection to be ruled by the Lawes Yea those Chiefes of Countries who vsed to waite on them to the limits of their Country did it rather to keepe the people by their awfull presence from exhibiting complaints against themselues then as the Iudges thought out of their dutifull respect to them or to the State For otherwise euen among the English-Irish in the inferiour persons from the Counstables to the Iustices of Peace and so vpward Iustice had not his due course which can neuer haue life but in the mouing of al the members with due correspondency and many outrages were by the English-Irish and meere Irish done against the English lately planted there So as now when Ireland should haue enioyed the fruites of the last warre in the due subiection of the meere Irish these times threatned the next combustions from our degenerate English Irish. Onely the louers of peace were erected to good hopes by a generall confidence that our Soueraigne would apply his Royall power seuere Iustice most auaileable in Ireland and other his heroick vertues to the timely preuention of any mischieuous issue as not long after his Maiestie happily began with bringing those his subiects to conformity of making wholesome Lawes for the publike good by common consent of that Kingdomes three Estates assembled in his Royall Court of Parliament at Dublyn in the yeere 1614 to which worke and all his Royall counsels God giue happy successe The Lyst of Officers Generall and Prouinciall Warders Horsemen and Footemen as they stood at this time of Peace Officers Generall The Lord Chichester Baron of Belfast Lord Deputy of Ireland hauing enioyed that place many yeeres beyond all example of former times Sir Thomas Ridgeway Treasurer at Warres Sir Richard Wingfeild Marshall of Ireland Sir Olyuer S. Iohns Master of the Ordinance Sir Iohn King Muster-master Sir Allen Apsley and Thomas Smith Commissaries of victuals Edward Lenton Prouost Marshall of the Army Sir Iosus Bodley Directer General and Ouerseer of the Fortifications Sir Thomas Dutton Scout-Master Captaine Iohn Pikeman and Captaine William Meeres Corporals of the field Officers Prouinciall The Lord Dauers Lord President of Mounster and Sir Richard Moryson his Vice-President besides the command in his owne right left him by the Lord Lieutenant Mountioy at his leauing the Kingdome Sir Richard Aldworth Prouost Marshall of Mounster The Earle of Clanrickard Lord President of Connaght Sir Oliuer S. Iohns his Vice-president besides his imployments in his owne right Captaine Charles Coote Prouost Marshall of Connaght Sir Henry Dockwra Gouernour of Loughfoyle Edmond Ellys Prouost Marshall there Sir Henry Follyot Gouernour of Ballishannon The Lord Chichester Gouernour of Carickfergus Sir Henry Power Gouernour of Leax Sir Edward Blaney Seneshal of Monaghan and commander of the Kings Forts there Robert Bowen Prouost Marshall of Lemster Moyses Hill Prouost Marshall of Vlster Captaine William Cole for Ballishannon and Captaine Hugh Clotworth for Loughchichester both Captaines of Boatmen Warders Dublin Castle Roger Dauies hath Warders 14. Maryborough Sir Adam Loftus warders 16. Phillipstowne Sir Garret Moore warders 12 Duncannon Sir Laurence Esmond warders 30. Dungaruan Sir George Carey warders 12. Castlemaigne Sir Thomas Roper warders 17. Limrick Castle Sir Francis Bartley warders 20. Castle Parke Captaine Skipwith warders 20. Halebolin Sir Francis Slingesby warders 20. Athlone Castle the Earle of Clanrickard warders 20. Ballenfad Captaine S. Barbe warders 10. Dromruske Captaine Griffoth warders 9. Carickfergus Castle
by nature and diligent Art and hath a very faire Hauen Vpon the bay which Ptolomy names AEstuarium Metaris vulgarly called the Washes lieth the large Towne of Linne famous for the safety of the Hauen most easie to be entred for the concourse of Merchants and the faire buildings 20 Cambridgeshire had of old the same Inhabitants and consists all of open corne fields excepting some places yeelding Saffron and it giues excellent Barly of which steeped till it spring againe they make great quantity of Mault to brew Beere in such quantity as the Beere is much exported euen into forraigne parts and there highly esteemed Cambridge is a famous Vniuersity seated vpon the Riuer Grant by others called Came of which and the Bridge ouer the same it is called Cambridge The Northerne part of this County consists of Ilands greene and pleasant in Summer but all couered with water in the Winter whereof the cheefe called Ely giues the name to all the rest called as if they were but one Iland the I le of Ely the cheefe Towne whereof called also Ely is famous for being the seate of a Bishop 21 Hunting donshire had of old the same Inhabitants the cheefe Towne whereof is Huntingdon 22 Northamptonshire was of old inhabited by the Coritani and is a Countrey most painefully tilled and full of Inhabitants Northampton is the cheefe City large and walled Peterborow is the seate of a Bishop Neere Stamford is the stately Pallace Burleigh built by William the first Lord Burleigh 23 Leycestershire had of old the same Inhabitants a Champion Country and fruitfull in bearing Corne. In Lutterworth a little Towne of Trade Iohn Wickliffe was Pastor or Minister Leicester the cheefe City hath more antiquitie then beauty 24 Rutlandshire had of old the same Inhabitants and is the least County of England and had the name of the red Earth The Towne of Vppingham deserues no other mention then that it is the cheefe Towne of the County 25 Linconshire had of old the same inhabitants and is a very large County rich in Corne and Pastures and abounding with Fowle and Fish and all things necessary for foode The great Washes of Holland when the Sea flowes are couered with water but when it ebbes the ground is discouered to be passed but not without danger and with a good guide Lincolne the chief City was of old one of the most populous Cities of England and one that had greatest trade and hath a sumptuous Cathedral Church 26 Nottinghamslire had of old the same inhabitants the chiefe City whereof is Nottingham pleasantly seated In the Westerne part is the Wood called Shirewood feeding infinit numbers of Fallow and Red Deare whether the Kings of old were wont to retire for hunting 27 Darbyshire had of old the same inhabitants the chiefe towne whereof is Darby faire and well inhabited the Ayle whereof is for goodnesse prouerbially preferred before that kind of drinke in any other Towne The Westerne part hath high Mountaines called Peake yeelding Leade which they make into Sowes and stibium in his proper vaines is there found Likewise there Mil-stones are out out and there is the old Castle called the Castle in the Peake neare which is a great hole or caue in the Mountaine gaping wide and hauing many inward caues and this hole with reueuerence be it spoken is vulgarly called The Diuels ars at Peuke of which many fables are told and the place is accounted among the miracles of England The like fables are told of 〈◊〉 hole not farre distant very steepe and deepe 28 Warwickshire was of old inhabited by the Cornauij wherein is Couentry a large faire and walled Citie so called of the Couent of Monkes and at this day it is the fairest City within-land wherof the chiefe trade of old was making round caps of wooll but the same being now very little vsed the trade is decaied Warwick is the chiefe City of the County and neare the same vpon the hill Blacklow Peter of Gaueston was beheaded by the Lords of the Kingdome Not farre thence is a transparant and pleasant but little Wood and there be cleare Fountaines which place yeelds sweete solitude for the Muses and there they report that the famous worthy Guy of Warwick after many aduentures atchieued did first liue an Heremites life and was after death buried 29 Worcestershire had of old the same inhabitants which after in the time of Beda were called Wiccij either of wic signifying a corner or bay or of wyches signifying 〈◊〉 in the Saxons tongue And there are excellent salt-pits or Brookes and new fountaines of salt are daily found The Country is happy in the healthfull ayre tertility of soile and sweete Riuers but especially yeeldeth abundance of Peares of which they make Perry a counterfeit wine but cold and flatuous as all those kinds of drinke are Worcester the chiefe City of the County was built by the Romans and is compassed with a wall and hath the seate of a Bishop and a faire Cathedrall Church with the Monuments of Iohn King of England and Arthur Prince of Wales It is also beautified with many inhabitants rich trade of wollen cloth faire buildings and the number of Churches 30 Staffordshire had of old the same inhabitants and towards the South it hath pit-coales and some vaines of Iron but the greatest quantitie and best kind of pit-coales is in Nottinghamshire Stone is a Towne of Traffike Lichfeild is a large and faire City so called as the field of dead bodies and it is beautified with the seate of a Bishop his Pallace and the house of the Prebends My selfe passing that way did reade these Epitaphes in the Cathedrall Church The first of a Deane Sis testis Christe quod non iacet hic lapis iste Corpus vt ornetur sed spirittus vt memoretur O Christ me witnesse beare that this stone lies not here To grace the vile body but the soules memorie And another excellent Epitaph but superstitious and I know not whose Quisquis eris qui transieris sta perlege plora Sum quod eris fuer amque quod es pro me precor ora Who ere thou be that passest by stand reade and houle Such shalt thou be I was like thee pray for my soule Yet I remember not well whether these were two Epitaphes or onely one and for one man 31 Shropshire had of old the same inhabitants and was a fortified and manned frontyer against the Welsh then diuided from the English and their enemies and thereupon was named the Marches Ludlow is a Towne of more beauty then antiquity beautified with the Pallace of the King or rather of the Prince of Wales and there is a Counsell or Court of Iustice erected for Wales the borders not vnlike to the French Parliaments and instituted by Henry the eight It consists of the President of Wales there residing of a Secretary an Atturney a Solicitor and foure Iustices of the Counties of Wales and as many Counsellers as
onely serued at the loosing of the Kingdome so as they were least fit to be preferred before those who had hazarded their liues in regaining it Adding that he writ not this to vphold any priuate dependency on himselfe esteeming it a great vanity so to doe but onely to strengthen himselfe so long and no longer then he should be imploied in her Maiesties seruice That in stead of new supplies he desired leaue to entertaine some of the Irish Submitties in pay by them to consume the Rebels and by the Rebels to diminish their number since two things remained to settle the Kingdome First the ridding Ireland of the Swordmen to which end the Irish affected some iourney into the Low Countries or the Indies which could not make them any whit more able Souldiers then now they were not adde to their knowledge of warre fit for Ireland which they now had but three parts of foure were like neuer to returne if they were ingaged in such a voyage Secondly the making of the English owners fit to inhabit their lands which was most difficult in regard of their pouerty and of the great quantities of lands they possessed since in particular of some gentlemen of Leax and Ophalia each possessed as much land as being well inhabited would maintaine more men then all the Rebels of those Counties were in number About the tenth of May his Lordship gaue warrant to passe the pardon of Phelim mac Feogh Obirn of the Glinnes with his followers and likewise of Phelim mac Feogh O Toole of the Fartrey with fifty six followers And vpon the humble submission of Rossemac Mahowne his Lordship granted him her Maiesties protection till he might sue out his pardon About this time his Lordship had aduertisement from Sir Henry Deckwra Gouernour at Loughfoyle That he had taken in Odogherties Countrey and secured the passages into it as well against Odonnell as the false Inhabitants That he hauing gathered the forces to spoile Hughmac Hugh Duffes Countrey the proiect was frustrated by and Irishman stealing from the Army and giuing them intelligence hereof so as they droue the prey sarre oft into remote parts That Neale Garue with Cormocke O Neale dispatched lately from Dublin were arriued at Loughsoyle That he the said Gouernour deferring the prosecution of Ocane because he had no Hauen in his Countrey for the landing of Spaniards nor could escape from the English forces though Spaniards should land the same time resolued to enter Hugh mac Hugh Duffes Countrey as more fit to receiue forraigne forces and to supply them with victuals or other necessaries And to this end that he had assembled the forces to the Liffer That Shane mac Manus Oge Odonnell commanding certaine Ilands in the Sen did there offer to submit but vpon such conditions as were vnfit yet the Irish extolling his valour and intreating for him and Neaie Garue for the time being content to spare him of the men allowed him fifty foot and twenty fiue horse that he the Gouernour had further promised him vpon acceptable seruice to procure him as many more men in her Maiesties pay whereuppon he had taken his oath of obedience and had secretly sent word to his people to spoyle Rory Odonnels Countrey who then had him in no suspition This done that he the Gouernour suddenly entered Hugh Duffes Countrey aforesaid and spoyled the same taking a prey of more then one thousand Cowes with great numbers of Garrons Sheepe and Goates That thence he marched into Fanaght where 〈◊〉 Oge mac Swinedoe Lord of the Doe met him on the borders and deliuering the chiefe pledges of his Countrey for his and their loyalty tooke his oath of obedience to her Maiestie That hearing of Odonnels drawing into those parts he thence retired with great part of the forces leauing Neale Garue with his Irish and some English Companies for his assistance to spoyle and absolutely waste Fannaght to whom Mac Swine Fannaght Lord of the Countrey presently deliuered pledges of his loyalty taking his oath of obedience to her Maiestie at which time likewise Mac Swine Bane and O Boyle earnestly solicited the Gouernour to be receiued to mercy That Neale Garue by the keeping of Tirconnell granted him at Dublyn for the time till her Maiesty might please to passe the same to him by Letters Pattents and by great gifts he had there receiued was puffed vp with pride desiring present possession of the Countrey and calling the people his subiects and saying to the Gouernours face that he would punish exact cut hange them as he list But that he had calmed him with seuere speeches with charge not to meddle with any man or any part of the Countrey vpon his alleagiance since he had no right but from her Maiesties bounty not yet fully expressed and that not soueraigne but limitted so as might best stand with the peoples good who were not his but her Maiesties subiects That he found him to be in his nature proud valiant miserable tyrannous vnmeasurably couetous without any knowledge of God or almost any ciuility good to be vsed while he was satisfied which he could hardly bee being like a Quince requiring great cost ereit be good to eat or whilst he was kept vnder which was the fitter course to be held with him yet that he thought him sure to the State in regard of the pledges he had giuen but much more because he could no way better his estate by leauing the Queenes seruice nor be secure of any word from Odonnell whose brother he had killed That Cormacke O Neale being of late come from Dublyn could hitherto haue done no seruice but that he was of reasonable esteeme among the people of his Countrey and was of a mild honest disposition willing to serue without grating beggery or vnreasonable demands yet was Irish and little lesse barberous then the better sort of wood kern That comming out of the woods without friend or kinseman he could then giue no pledges but his wife and children were since come to him and within the Gouernours power besides that he seemed not to be inclined to trechery neither could mend his estate by leauing the Queenes seruice to which he came in voluntarily without calling forcing or composition and therein remained with his desires limitted and to be contented with reason That Hugh Boy was subtill wise ciuil a Papist and aliened but not deeply malicious against Odonnels person yet firme in his allegiance hauing come in with his Countrey and deliuered his chiefe pledges offering any other to be deliuered vpon command and hauing shewed the passages into his Countrey and himselfe sollicited and furthered the fortifying thereof daily giuing sure and important intelligences to the great furtherance of the seruice besides that all his wealth lay within the power of the Queenes forces Lastly that betweene these submitties were factions and heart-burnings which discreetly measured could not but aduantage the seruice The fifteenth of May the Lord Deputy receiued by the
hands of Sir George Cary Treasurer at warres a Ploclamation signed by the Queene to be published for making the new standard of mixed monies to be onely currant in this Kingdome all other coyns being to be brought in to the Treasurer And likewise a letter from the Queene requiring the Lord Deputy and Counsell to further the due execution of the contents of this Proclamation and by some plausible graces done in generall to the subiect in the establishing an exchange of this coyne into sterling money of England taking away the impositions on sea coles transported into Ireland and in particular to the Captaines of the Army in allowing their dead paies in mony after the rate of eight pence per dicm and some like fauours inuiting all to swallow this bitter pill which impouerished not only the Rebels but her Maiesties best seruants in this Kingdome onely inriching her Paymasters sitting quietly at home while others aduentured daily their bloods in the seruice The twentieth of May the Lord Deputy and Counsell aduertised the Lords in England that they had giuen order to print 300. of the Proclamations for the new coyne to be published through all parts of Ireland at one time That they had in Counsell agreed vpon a generall hoasting for this yeere to beginne the last of Iune following And in the meane time while that was preparing that the Lord Deputy would draw the forces to Dundalke vpon the Northerne borders there to watch opportunities of seruice and specially by his presence to animate the new submitties to attempt some thing against the Arch-traytor Tyrone and to put them in blood against him and his confederates And that his Lordship towards the time of the said hoasting purposed to returne to Dublyn and to the end he might find there all things in readines for his intended prosecution of Tyrone in his owne Countrey they besought their Lordships that victuals and munition might with all possible speed be sent thither out of England The foresaid generall hoasting is a rising out of certaine foot and horse found by the subiect of the fiue English shires and the Irish Submitties to assist the Queenes forces and these together with some of the English Companies his Lordship vsed to lay in the Pale for the defence thereof at such time as the forces were to be drawne into Vlster The rising out of the fiue English Shires and the Irish Submitties Vizt Of the County of Dublyn Besides sixteene Kearne  Horse Archers Horse  Horse Archers Horse In the Barrony of Balrothery   In that of Newcastle nil 18  nil 26 In that of Castleknocke nil 11 In that of Cowlocke nil 30 In that of Rathdowne 12 10 2. Of the County of Meath Besides one hundred Kerne of the Pooles In the Barony of Dulicke nil 32 In that of Dunboyne nil 3 In the Barony of Skrine 24 30 In that of Decy nil 17 In that of Ratothe nil 13 In that of Moyfewragh nil 4  horse Archers Horse  horse Archers Horse In that of Lane nil 8 In that of Slane 6 11 In that of Nauan nil 48 In that of Fowere 28 nil In that of Kenllas alias Kells 16 6 In that of Margallen 7 〈◊〉 Thirdly Of the County of Westmeath 60. 2 Fourthly Of the County of Kildare In the Barrony of Sualt 8 14 In that of Kilkey 1 12 In that of the vpper Naasse nil 13 In that of Ophaly 1 2 In that of the nether Naasse nil 5 In that of Counall nil 3 In that of Kelkullen 8 2 In that of Clane nil 2 In that of Narragh nil 2 In that of Okethy nil 5 In that of Rebau Athy nil 3 In that of Carbery nil 4 Fifthly Of the County of Lowth In the Barony of Ferrard. 4 26 In the Townes of Lowth and of Dundalke 16 6 In that of Atherdy 16 13    Summa 207 374. Totall both 581. The rising out of the Irish Lords and their Captaines The Obyrnes ouer whom after the death of Sir Henry Harrington his son Sir William Harrington is Captaine by the late Queenes Letters Pattents granted to his father and him Horsemen 12. Kerne 24. The Cauanaghs hauing then no Captaine ouer them Horse 12. Kerne 30. Other particular septs besides those which were in rebellion Horse 104. Kerne 307. Totall Horse 128. Kerne 361. The proiect of disposing the Queenes forces for the following Summers seruice Out of Mounster we thought fit to be spared and to be drawne into Connaght 1000 foot and 50 hose since there should still remaine in Mounster 1600 foot and 200 horse for any occasion of seruice Foot 1000. Horse 50. In Connaght were already besides Tybot ne longes Company Foot 1150 Horse 74. These to be placed as followeth To keepe at Galloway and Athlone in Connaght foot 350. To leaue at the Abbey of Boyle in Connaght vnder the command of the late Lord of Dunkellen now Earle of Clanrickard Foot 1000 Horse 62. These to further the plantation of Balishannon To leaue at the Annaly in Lemster side of the Shannon vnder the command of Sir Iohn Barkeley Foot 800. Horse 12. These fit to ioine with the vndermentioned forces of Westmeath Kels and the rest vpon the Northerne borders to stop the Vlster Rebels from comming into Lemster or if they should passe them then to ioine with the forces of Ophaly and the rest southward Tybot ne long the payment of whose Company had long beene stopped was to be kept in good tearmes Oconnor Sligo to be threatned that if he did not submit and declare himselfe against Odonnell before the planting of Ballishannon he should haue no hope of mercy The forces at the Abby of Boyle were to infest Oconnor Sligo and to keepe Ororke from ioining with Odonnell Those at the Annaly to infest Ororke besides the aboue mentioned lying betweene any forces that might come out of the North into Lemster and to follow them if they should escape it being likely that about haruest time Tyrrell and the Oconnors will gather strength if they possibly can to returne and gather the Corne they sowed last yeere in Leax and Ophaly And thus are disposed the aboue said Foot 2150. Horse 124. The Forces towards the South of 〈◊〉 to lie thus In Ophaly The Earle of Kildare 〈◊〉 George Bourcher 100. Sir Edward 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Capt. Garrall 100. Sir Henry 〈◊〉 100. Foot In all 550. Earle of Kildare 25. Sir Edward Harbert 12. Horse In all 37. In Leax Sir Henry Power 150. Sir Francis Rushe 150 Sir Thomas Lostus 100. Foot In all 400. Master Marshall 20. Captaine Pigot 12 Horse In all 32. At Kilkenny Earle of Ormond 150 Foot Earle of Ormond 50 Horse The Forces towards the North of Lemster to lie thus In Westmeath Lord of 〈◊〉 150. Sir Francis Shane 100 Foot In Kelles Captaine Roper 150 Foot Earle of Kildare 25. Sir Henry Harrington 25 Horse At Liseannon in the Brenny