animate_v in_o that_o design_n by_o soria_n who_o so_o manage_v and_o improve_v their_o increase_a hope_n with_o conquest_n and_o augmentation_n of_o territory_n that_o about_o the_o year_n 870._o he_o undertake_v the_o command_n of_o lord_n of_o biscay_n and_o from_o he_o do_v the_o title_n and_o estate_n by_o the_o step_n of_o several_a descent_n pass_v down_o to_o his_o successor_n lopez_n diaz_n the_o three_o the_o first_o who_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o surname_n of_o haro_n borrow_v from_o a_o town_n of_o that_o name_n of_o that_o foundation_n and_o from_o he_o do_v it_o descend_v to_o his_o successor_n nugno_fw-la de_fw-fr lara_n who_o determine_v without_o issue_n so_o that_o his_o two_o sister_n and_o coheir_n jean_n and_o isabel_n be_v entitle_v to_o his_o inheritance_n but_o be_v defraud_v of_o the_o possession_n by_o the_o forcible_a intrusion_n of_o pedro_n king_n of_o castille_n ferdinand_n the_o young_a son_n of_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n king_n of_o castille_n match_v with_o jean_n nugna_fw-la the_o ed_a of_o these_o two_o sister_n and_o from_o this_o conjunction_n issue_v jean_n manuel_n espouse_v to_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o castille_n likewise_o and_o he_o have_v issue_n john_n who_o be_v invest_v also_o with_o the_o diadem_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o he_o in_o right_o of_o his_o mother_n be_v plant_v in_o the_o propriety_n of_o biscay_n and_o from_o he_o do_v it_o devolve_v to_o his_o successor_n henry_n the_o four_o king_n of_o â—â—â—tile_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n it_o come_v to_o confess_v the_o title_n of_o his_o sister_n and_o heir_n isabel_n who_o by_o match_v with_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o arragon_n place_v the_o propriety_n of_o it_o among_o those_o flower_n which_o adorn_v his_o diadem_n where_o it_o have_v be_v so_o permanent_a and_o fix_v that_o though_o several_a revolution_n have_v intervene_v in_o this_o family_n yet_o still_o it_o acknowledge_v itself_o to_o be_v a_o appendage_n to_o the_o 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the_o conquest_n of_o the_o moor_n it_o be_v in_o time_n of_o a_o elder_a inscription_n a_o limb_n of_o hispania_n tarraconensis_n after_o it_o swell_v itself_o into_o the_o estimate_n of_o a_o province_n and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o gallicia_n impose_v upon_o it_o be_v augment_v with_o the_o asturia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o portugal_n and_o the_o old_a castille_n in_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o roman_a power_n the_o suevi_n a_o warlike_a nation_n of_o germany_n accompany_v the_o vandal_n and_o alani_n in_o their_o eruption_n invade_v spain_n and_o achieve_v the_o conquest_n of_o this_o province_n but_o not_o satisfy_v with_o their_o new_a acquist_n they_o assault_v the_o siling_n a_o collateral_a tribe_n of_o the_o vandal_n then_o invest_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o boetica_fw-la who_o they_o subdue_v and_o by_o a_o successful_a province_n extort_a that_o province_n from_o they_o animate_v to_o this_o conquest_n by_o the_o presence_n of_o richila_n their_o second_n king_n they_o 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ferdinand_n above_o mention_v by_o who_o the_o force_n of_o garcia_n be_v break_v and_o he_o himself_o make_v captive_a in_o the_o year_n 1081._o never_a since_o break_v off_o from_o leon_n and_o castille_n but_o when_o leon_n be_v rend_v from_o castille_n be_v still_o involve_v with_o leon_n in_o those_o distinction_n till_o that_o disunion_n of_o leon_n and_o castille_n be_v soder_v together_o and_o cement_v in_o the_o person_n of_o ferdinand_n the_o second_o in_o the_o year_n 1230._o and_o be_v thus_o entwine_v they_o be_v by_o successive_a descent_n bring_v down_o to_o confess_v the_o diadem_n of_o philip_n the_o four_o now_o king_n of_o â—spain_n corduba_n corduba_n as_o it_o stand_v when_o it_o be_v by_o conquest_n rend_v from_o the_o moor_n by_o the_o spaniard_n be_v thus_o environ_v on_o the_o fast_a it_o be_v contiguous_a to_o murcia_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a on_o the_o west_n to_o portugal_n and_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o
the_o signal_n performance_n of_o utilo_n give_v he_o not_o only_o the_o command_n of_o these_o country_n but_o the_o propriety_n and_o possession_n of_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o they_o likewise_o by_o the_o title_n of_o lord_n marquis_n of_o antwerp_n the_o four_o from_o who_o call_v araulph_n be_v the_o first_o mayor_n of_o the_o palace_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n make_v hereditary_a to_o this_o family_n and_o his_o successor_n by_o dagobert_n the_o first_o â—ole_a king_n of_o the_o french_a that_o branch_n of_o this_o country_n which_o be_v 〈◊〉_d subjection_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o ardenne_n be_v by_o his_o victorious_a sword_n extort_a from_o they_o and_o the_o whole_a estate_n confer_v on_o ansegisus_fw-la son_n of_o arnulph_n with_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o brabant_n and_o from_o he_o do_v the_o title_n and_o estate_n descend_v to_o charles_n martell_n base_a son_n of_o his_o son_n pepin_n the_o first_o and_o this_o charles_n have_v issue_n pepin_n the_o 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of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lorraine_n which_o obey_v the_o french_a be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o sucessful_a sword_n of_o otho_n the_o second_o emperor_n of_o germany_n and_o annex_v to_o the_o empire_n but_o this_o otho_n consider_v that_o charles_n abovesaid_a thus_o devest_v be_v his_o cousin_n german_n as_o be_v son_n to_o lewis_n king_n of_o france_n surname_v the_o transmarine_a who_o have_v wed_v gerburg_n sister_n to_o his_o father_n otho_n the_o first_o invest_v he_o in_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lorraine_n which_o in_o spacious_a latitude_n and_o extent_n of_o it_o circumscribe_v within_o its_o precinct_n and_o perambulation_n lorraine_n gulick_n brabant_n which_o have_v then_o the_o denomination_n of_o basse_fw-fr or_o low_a lorraine_n and_o the_o land_n of_o luick_n but_o out_o of_o this_o spread_a patrimony_n thus_o enstate_v on_o charles_n of_o france_n otho_n the_o second_o abovementioned_a reserve_v out_o of_o it_o for_o his_o aunt_n gerburg_n mother_n of_o the_o say_v charles_n the_o town_n and_o territory_n of_o louvain_n brussels_n antwerp_n and_o nivelle_n as_o her_o dower_n which_o with_o reference_n to_o the_o ancient_a title_n he_o honour_v with_o the_o dignity_n of_o marquisate_n of_o the_o holy_a empire_n annâ—_n 981._o gerburg_n the_o sister_n and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n her_o brother_n abovesaid_a without_o issue_n succeed_v in_o louvain_n antwerp_n brussels_n and_o nivelle_n by_o a_o right_o transmit_v to_o she_o from_o her_o grandmother_n the_o first_o gerburg_n aswell_o as_o from_o he_o though_o she_o have_v injurious_o disseise_v of_o lorrein_a and_o the_o title_n to_o that_o large_a demean_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o second_o the_o emperor_n which_o territory_n of_o louvain_n and_o the_o rest_n abovementioned_a she_o convey_v in_o marriage_n to_o lambert_n one_o of_o the_o son_n of_o reigner_n earl_n of_o hainault_n with_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o louvain_n henry_n his_o son_n reduce_v antwerp_n which_o it_o seem_v by_o a_o unjust_a violence_n be_v detain_v from_o he_o and_o by_o this_o achievement_n obtain_v the_o whole_a marquisate_n but_o still_o reserve_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o louvain_n godfrey_n the_o six_o earl_n have_v by_o several_a new_a acquist_n much_o extend_v the_o bound_n and_o march_n of_o his_o dominion_n be_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o five_o to_o who_o he_o be_v link_v in_o as_o near_o a_o obligation_n of_o affinity_n have_v match_v with_o his_o sister_n as_o in_o friendship_n in_o the_o year_n 1108_o create_v the_o first_o duke_n of_o brabant_n and_o from_o he_o the_o title_n flow_v down_o with_o a_o undisturbed_a channel_n to_o john_n the_o three_o of_o that_o name_n duke_n of_o brabant_n by_o who_o daughter_n and_o co-heir_n both_o the_o title_n and_o seignory_n be_v transport_v to_o wenceslaus_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o luxenbourg_n by_o who_o though_o she_o have_v no_o issue_n yet_o on_o he_o and_o on_o his_o posterity_n she_o enstate_v this_o duchy_n and_o sigismond_n his_o second_o son_n duke_n of_o luxenbourg_n settle_v it_o on_o elizabeth_n his_o niece_n daughter_n to_o john_n duke_n of_o gorlitz_n in_o lusatia_n and_o she_o by_o match_v with_o anthony_n of_o burgogne_n one_o of_o the_o young_a son_n of_o philip_n the_o hardy_a annex_v it_o to_o his_o inheritance_n and_o be_v by_o this_o alliance_n thus_o entitle_v to_o it_o it_o be_v transmit_v to_o john_n the_o four_o duke_n of_o brabant_n who_o be_v elder_a son_n by_o his_o first_o wife_n for_o this_o his_o second_o decease_v without_o issue_n joan_n daughter_n of_o waleran_n earl_n of_o s._n paul_n but_o he_o die_v without_o issue_n it_o devolve_v by_o descent_n to_o his_o second_o brother_n philip_n who_o likewise_z expire_a without_o child_n philip_n the_o good_a grandchild_n to_o philip_n the_o hardy_a succeed_v in_o this_o duchy_n as_o heir_n to_o his_o two_o kinsman_n above_o mention_v and_o from_o he_o do_v the_o clew_n of_o diverse_a descent_n guide_v the_o title_n down_o to_o philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o he_o lose_v a_o considerable_a proportion_n of_o it_o in_o the_o fatal_a defection_n of_o the_o netherlands_o occasion_v by_o the_o bloody_a impression_n make_v upon_o their_o invade_v and_o injure_v liberty_n by_o ferdinand_n duke_n of_o alva_n though_o brussels_n antwerp_n machlin_n and_o other_o important_a piece_n do_v yet_o confess_v the_o sceptre_n and_o dominion_n of_o philip_n the_o four_o now_o king_n of_o spain_n the_o seignory_n of_o machlin_n consist_v only_o of_o that_o city_n and_o some_o eight_o or_o nine_o contiguous_a village_n the_o most_o eminent_a of_o the_o village_n be_v style_v lie_v or_o high_a situate_v on_o the_o pleasant_a knob_n of_o a_o swell_a hill_n the_o residue_n of_o the_o adjacent_a village_n confine_v on_o the_o foot_n thereof_o both_o town_n and_o village_n be_v former_o enwrape_v in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o powerful_a family_n of_o the_o bertholt_n which_o name_v expire_a in_o the_o person_n of_o gualther_n de_fw-fr bertholt_n slay_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o worancan_n by_o john_n duke_n of_o brabant_n one_o moiety_n of_o it_o devolve_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o liege_n who_o again_o convey_v it_o by_o sale_n to_o john_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o brabant_n and_o the_o other_o proportion_n accrue_v to_o ......_o duke_n of_o gueldres_n and_o he_o in_o the_o year_n 1333._o pass_v it_o away_o to_o lewis_n de_fw-fr malain_fw-fr earl_n of_o flanders_n but_o he_o convey_v nothing_o away_o but_o a_o naked_a title_n which_o be_v before_o denude_v of_o its_o revenue_n by_o the_o successful_a hand_n of_o john_n the_o three_o duke_n of_o brabant_n who_o tear_v it_o away_o to_o augment_v his_o own_o estate_n since_o which_o this_o seignory_n of_o machlin_n with_o all_o its_o perquisites_n and_o appendage_n have_v so_o constant_o attend_v the_o fate_n of_o brabant_n and_o flanders_n that_o it_o at_o this_o instant_n confess_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o spanish_a sceptre_n limbourg_n have_v on_o the_o east_n the_o dukedom_n of_o gulick_n on_o the_o west_n the_o bishopric_n of_o liege_n on_o the_o north_n brabant_n and_o on_o the_o south_n the_o dukedom_n of_o luxenbourg_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o track_n be_v the_o eburones_n when_o it_o be_v first_o advance_v to_o the_o title_n of_o a_o earldom_n the_o light_n which_o shall_v be_v collect_v from_o ancient_a record_n be_v so_o dim_a and_o faint_a that_o it_o can_v conduct_v we_o to_o any_o clear_a and_o positive_a discovery_n only_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o be_v original_o a_o limb_n of_o the_o great_a earldom_n of_o ardenne_n from_o which_o it_o be_v rend_v to_o institute_v and_o make_v up_o a_o patrimonial_a inheritance_n for_o some_o cadet_n or_o young_a son_n as_o namur_n and_o luxenbourg_n be_v or_o snatch_v away_o by_o the_o violent_a hand_n of_o some_o for_o aign_a pretender_n as_o gulick_n be_v when_o godfrey_n and_o baldwin_n
instant_n confess_v the_o seignory_n and_o title_n of_o the_o descendant_n of_o leopold_n brother_n to_o ferdinand_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o gratz_n and_o emperor_n of_o germany_n bohemia_n bohemia_n be_v encompass_v on_o the_o east_n with_o moravia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o upper_a palatinate_n and_o voitland_n on_o the_o north_n with_o misnia_n lusatia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o silesia_n on_o the_o south_n with_o some_o part_n of_o bavaria_n and_o austria_n the_o first_o inhabitant_n be_v the_o marcomanni_n and_o quadi_n mingle_v with_o the_o boiari_n marsigni_n burij_fw-la and_o gothini_n who_o upon_o the_o wane_n of_o that_o power_n and_o splendour_n which_o ennoble_v the_o roman_a empire_n be_v disseise_v of_o their_o ancient_a patrimony_n in_o this_o kingdom_n by_o the_o sclavi_n a_o nation_n inhabit_v the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n ister_n a_o people_n very_o obscure_a in_o their_o original_a and_o in_o their_o country_n until_o their_o success_n dispel_v that_o mist_n which_o hang_v about_o they_o and_o make_v they_o more_o conspicuous_a under_o what_o form_n of_o government_n they_o model_v themselves_o after_o their_o achievement_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v not_o obvious_a from_o any_o ancient_a record_n or_o if_o they_o do_v erect_v any_o frame_n it_o be_v sweep_v away_o by_o new_a squadron_n of_o sclave_n croatian_n and_o other_o scatter_a nation_n who_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o zechius_fw-la a_o leader_n of_o great_a estimate_n like_o a_o inundation_n break_v in_o upon_o they_o which_o zechius_fw-la with_o his_o brother_n leches_n about_o the_o year_n 640._o be_v expulse_v out_o of_o croatia_n for_o some_o offence_n of_o a_o dark_a complexion_n there_o act_v by_o they_o and_o be_v very_o acceptable_a to_o the_o sclave_n of_o bohemia_n who_o view_v he_o as_o a_o prince_n extract_v out_o of_o the_o same_o cradle_n and_o seminary_n with_o themselves_o and_o one_o of_o the_o same_o language_n concern_v in_o the_o same_o law_n and_o conformable_a to_o the_o same_o custom_n with_o their_o own_o they_o adopt_a he_o into_o the_o supreme_a government_n of_o this_o province_n but_o after_o his_o decease_n the_o estate_n crumble_v into_o the_o confusion_n of_o a_o disorder_a anarchy_n until_o crocus_n about_o the_o year_n 670._o recollect_v the_o break_a piece_n into_o shape_n and_o order_n and_o from_o his_o justice_n and_o integrity_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n acquire_v the_o name_n of_o the_o bohemian_a lawgiver_n after_o his_o exit_fw-la the_o bohemian_n resign_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o government_n of_o libussa_n his_o young_a daughter_n but_o her_o hand_n be_v too_o narrow_a to_o grasp_v the_o affair_n of_o state_n her_o subject_n make_v choice_n of_o primiâ—â—aus_n and_o by_o match_v of_o he_o to_o she_o devolve_v the_o government_n on_o his_o shoulder_n and_o in_o his_o posterity_n the_o supreme_a authority_n be_v resident_a who_o be_v adorn_v with_o no_o other_o title_n but_o sometime_o governor_n and_o sometime_o duke_n of_o bohemia_n until_o the_o rule_n of_o ueratislaus_fw-la brother_n to_o sbtignâ—us_n who_o about_o the_o year_n 1086._o be_v for_o his_o worthy_a and_o generous_a performance_n in_o several_a undertake_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o four_o at_o metz_n invest_v with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n which_o regal_a dignity_n be_v to_o continue_v elective_a either_o at_o the_o will_n and_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o emperor_n or_o at_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o people_n and_o this_o be_v evident_a from_o several_a precedent_n this_o uratislaus_n leave_v three_o son_n who_o be_v devest_v of_o the_o crown_n to_o give_v way_n to_o conrade_n brother_n to_o uratislaus_n who_o by_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n be_v elect_v king_n and_o after_o his_o decease_n brecislaus_n son_n to_o uratislaus_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o hiâ—_n two_o son_n be_v advance_v by_o choice_n to_o the_o bohemian_a diadem_n and_o after_o his_o exit_fw-la borivorius_n four_o son_n to_o brecislaus_n to_o the_o disherison_n of_o his_o three_o elder_a brother_n be_v elect_v to_o wield_v the_o sceptre_n and_o thus_o do_v the_o crown_n continue_v in_o the_o person_n of_o sutopulcus_fw-la uladislaus_n the_o second_o sobeslaus_n brother_n to_o this_o uladislaus_n uladislaus_n the_o three_o son_n to_o uladislaus_n the_o second_o above_z mention_v who_o by_o the_o people_n election_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o diadem_n the_o son_n of_o sobeslaus_n be_v exclude_v and_o all_o the_o residue_n of_o their_o successor_n until_o the_o crown_n come_v to_o be_v place_v on_o the_o head_n of_o ferdinand_n the_o first_o emperor_n of_o germany_n who_o notwithstanding_o his_o latitude_n of_o power_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o bohemian_a sceptre_n devolve_v to_o he_o not_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o any_o intrinsique_n or_o inherent_a right_n or_o the_o claim_n of_o succession_n but_o only_o by_o the_o election_n of_o the_o people_n and_o this_o his_o confession_n be_v enroll_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o maximilian_n his_o son_n rodolphus_n &_o mathias_n his_o two_o grandchild_n be_v successive_o king_n after_o he_o yet_o not_o their_o descent_n but_o the_o people_n election_n fortify_v their_o advancement_n to_o the_o bohemian_a diadem_n and_o though_o upon_o the_o decease_n of_o mathias_n ferdinand_n surname_v of_o gratz_n as_o adopt_a son_n to_o mathias_n &_o declare_a successor_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n by_o his_o testament_n intrude_v upon_o the_o throne_n yet_o be_v not_o formal_o and_o legal_o elect_v by_o the_o people_n he_o be_v by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n reject_v who_o fix_v upon_o frederick_n elector_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n as_o the_o object_n of_o their_o choice_n but_o he_o be_v betray_v by_o his_o confederate_n and_o over-laid_a with_o the_o unite_a army_n of_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o bavaria_n abandon_v bohemia_n which_o be_v repossess_v by_o ferdinand_n in_o who_o descendant_a line_n it_o have_v be_v since_o so_o permanent_a the_o people_n election_n have_v be_v by_o menace_n and_o force_v extort_a that_o it_o be_v now_o the_o possession_n of_o his_o grandchild_n leopoldus_n ignatius_n the_o instant_a emperor_n of_o germany_n silesia_n silesia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o poland_n on_o the_o west_n with_o lusatia_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o marck_n of_o bradenburg_n on_o the_o south_n with_o moravia_n the_o first_o inhabitant_n hereof_o be_v the_o marsigni_n burij_fw-la gothini_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o quadi_n in_o the_o great_a partage_n of_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o germany_n among_o the_o sclave_n who_o have_v supplant_v the_o ancient_a proprietary_n it_o be_v incorporate_v with_o the_o dukedom_n or_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o remain_v annex_v unto_o it_o until_o the_o government_n of_o uladislaus_n the_o second_o who_o be_v devest_v of_o his_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n by_o the_o unnatural_a combination_n of_o his_o brethren_n be_v by_o the_o powerful_a influence_n and_o intercession_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n barbarossa_n seat_v in_o this_o country_n with_o this_o restriction_n that_o it_o shoul_n be_v hold_v in_o homage_n to_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o poland_n after_o his_o decease_n it_o become_v split_v into_o parcel_n and_o be_v distribute_v among_o his_o three_o son_n and_o again_o according_a to_o that_o ancient_a custom_n of_o germany_n call_v land-skiftan_a which_o with_o the_o saxon_n be_v transplant_v into_o england_n be_v subdivide_v into_o so_o many_o subordinate_a part_n which_o be_v to_o support_v the_o revenue_n and_o livelihood_n of_o their_o posterity_n that_o it_o become_v resolve_v and_o break_v into_o fourteen_o dukedom_n of_o all_o which_o only_a oswitz_n and_o zator_n continue_v fasten_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n ten_o of_o the_o twelve_o remain_a being_n by_o the_o power_n and_o prudence_n of_o wenceslaus_n the_o second_o and_o john_n of_o luxenbourg_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o seven_o both_o king_n of_o bohemia_n knit_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o that_o diadem_n only_a suâ—initz_n remain_v under_o the_o regiment_n and_o administration_n of_o its_o own_o duke_n until_o bogâ—slaus_n the_o last_o duke_n by_o testamentary_a donation_n pass_v away_o all_o his_o interest_n in_o it_o to_o charles_n the_o four_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o bohemia_n also_o so_o that_o eleven_o of_o these_o petty_a royalty_n by_o conquest_n and_o voluntary_a concession_n come_v to_o be_v link_v to_o those_o possession_n which_o improve_v the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o bohemian_n sceptre_n and_o have_v still_o so_o constant_o wait_v on_o the_o fate_n which_o have_v attend_v the_o diadem_n of_o that_o kingdom_n that_o they_o be_v now_o subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o interest_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o austrian_a family_n at_o this_o instant_n seat_v in_o the_o imperial_a throne_n only_a lignitz_n the_o last_o in_o the_o inventory_n of_o fourteen_o dukedom_n
extraction_n from_o they_o at_o this_o day_n and_o this_o john_n the_o first_o have_v by_o this_o alliance_n alfonso_n the_o five_o and_o john_n the_o second_o successive_o king_n who_o both_o decease_a without_o any_o issue_n survive_v emanuel_n son_n to_o ferdinand_n duke_n of_o visâ—o_n three_o brother_n to_o these_o two_o monarch_n ascend_v the_o throne_n of_o portugal_n and_o from_o he_o it_o descend_v to_o his_o grandchild_n john_n the_o four_o who_o upon_o his_o decease_n leave_v it_o to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o his_o son_n and_o heir_n don_n sebastian_n who_o be_v unhappy_o slay_v in_o the_o fatal_a battle_n of_o alcazar_n which_o stain_v the_o field_n of_o africa_n wiâ—h_v so_o much_o blood_n henry_n three_o brother_n to_o king_n john_n above_o mention_v and_o unclâ—_n to_o this_o sebastian_n put_v off_o his_o cardinal_n hat_n to_o adorn_v his_o head_n with_o the_o diadem_n of_o portugal_n but_o he_o be_v age_a and_o impotent_a his_o hand_n be_v too_o weâ—k_a to_o manage_n or_o sustain_v a_o burden_n of_o that_o importance_n as_o the_o royal_a sceptre_n long_o so_o that_o be_v assault_v with_o care_n and_o over-laid_a with_o year_n after_o some_o short_a time_n of_o his_o assume_v the_o crown_n shrink_v into_o ash_n and_o pay_v that_o debt_n we_o all_o owe_v upon_o his_o decease_n several_a pretend_v a_o title_n to_o this_o diadem_n lewis_n second_o brother_n to_o king_n john_n above_o mention_v die_v without_o any_o lawful_a issue_n but_o leave_v antonio_n christopher_n and_o other_o beget_v in_o unlawful_a embrace_n antonio_n fix_v his_o claim_n upon_o a_o pretend_a act_n of_o legitimation_n from_o the_o estate_n of_o portugal_n but_o there_o be_v title_n which_o appear_v more_o specious_a and_o plausible_a which_o stave_v his_o off_z for_o edward_n the_o four_o brother_n to_o king_n john_n though_o he_o conclude_v without_o issue_n male_a yet_o he_o leave_v two_o daughter_n and_o coheir_n marry_o wed_a to_o alexander_n duke_n of_o parma_n and_o catharine_n match_v to_o john_n duke_n of_o braganza_n and_o the_o two_o aunt_n of_o the_o decease_a sebastian_n namely_o mary_n be_v espouse_v to_o charles_n the_o five_o and_o beatrix_n be_v marry_v to_o charles_n duke_n of_o savoy_n from_o both_o which_o alliance_n there_o proceed_v issue_n so_o that_o now_o the_o controversy_n be_v whether_o after_o the_o decease_n of_o cardinal_n henry_n a_o brother_n daughter_n or_o a_o sister_n son_n have_v the_o more_o fix_v and_o establish_a pretence_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n of_o portugal_n and_o when_o this_o question_n be_v begin_v to_o be_v winnow_v by_o the_o civil_a lawyer_n the_o duke_n of_o alva_n to_o endear_v himself_o to_o his_o prince_n who_o be_v philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o son_n to_o charles_n the_o five_o and_o mary_n above_o mention_v and_o to_o assoil_v himself_o from_o that_o stain_v his_o stupendous_a massacre_n in_o the_o netherlands_o have_v contract_v persuade_v his_o master_n to_o cast_v his_o claim_n upon_o no_o other_o debate_n but_o the_o umpirage_n of_o the_o sword_n and_o this_o counsel_n have_v so_o great_a a_o operation_n upon_o he_o that_o he_o employ_v this_o duke_n and_o a_o puissant_a army_n under_o his_o conduct_n to_o assert_v his_o title_n to_o the_o diadem_n of_o portugal_n the_o effect_n of_o which_o invasion_n be_v so_o visible_a that_o after_o some_o trivial_a opposition_n make_v by_o the_o portuguees_fw-la who_o be_v break_v and_o split_v into_o division_n and_o faction_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n stoop_v and_o resign_v itself_o up_o with_o a_o restriction_n to_o hau_n its_o original_a franchise_n preserve_v and_o support_v to_o the_o dominion_n and_o sceptre_n of_o philip_n the_o second_o and_o under_o the_o command_n of_o his_o successor_n it_o continue_v until_o the_o year_n 1640._o and_o then_o by_o the_o art_n and_o dark_a engine_n of_o cardinal_n richâ—lieu_n the_o negligence_n and_o supine_n inadvertency_n of_o conde_n d'olivarez_fw-fr and_o the_o ill_a managery_n of_o affair_n in_o portugal_n itself_o by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n minister_n that_o kingdom_n be_v tear_v off_o by_o a_o total_a defection_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o sceptre_n place_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o john_n duke_n of_o braganza_n who_o be_v with_o the_o public_a applause_n of_o the_o people_n acknowledge_v for_o king_n by_o the_o name_n of_o john_n the_o five_o and_o upon_o his_o late_a decease_n this_o kingdom_n be_v come_v to_o confess_v alfonso_n his_o son_n just_a heir_n to_o his_o dominion_n and_o sceptre_n leon_n and_o oviedo_n the_o kingdom_n of_o leon_n and_o oviedo_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o biscay_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o main_a cantabrian_a ocean_n on_o the_o south_n with_o castille_n on_o the_o north_n with_o galicia_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v the_o astures_n from_o whence_o the_o name_n of_o asturia_n be_v impose_v upon_o it_o and_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o two_o general_a name_n of_o the_o augustani_n and_o transmoâ—tani_n in_o which_o the_o particular_a tribe_n of_o the_o pesici_n gigari_fw-la zoelae_n and_o lanciâ—â—sâ—s_n be_v involve_v and_o circumscribe_v it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n asturia_n de_fw-fr oviedo_n confine_v on_o galicia_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o asturia_n santillana_n approach_v biscay_n towards_o the_o east_n from_o which_o division_n thus_o approportion_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o monarch_n of_o spain_n be_v style_v prince_n of_o the_o asturias_n which_o denomination_n some_o probable_o conjecture_n be_v derive_v from_o this_o foundation_n that_o this_o country_n be_v the_o first_o that_o like_o a_o dam_n stop_v the_o current_n of_o the_o moorish_a fury_n which_o before_o like_o a_o impetuous_a inundation_n carry_v down_o all_o before_o it_o though_o other_o spanish_a writer_n of_o authentic_a credit_n refer_v the_o rise_n and_o original_n of_o this_o appellation_n to_o that_o time_n which_o be_v cotemporary_a to_o the_o match_n of_o catharine_n daughter_n to_o john_n of_o gâ—â—nt_n and_o in_o right_a of_o her_o mother_n constance_n the_o indisputable_a heir_n of_o castille_n unto_o henry_n son_n of_o john_n the_o first_o then_o plant_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castille_n it_o be_v then_o assent_v to_o more_o to_o improve_v the_o honour_n of_o this_o marry_a pair_n that_o as_o the_o heir_n apparent_a of_o england_n be_v style_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n so_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o castille_n shall_v be_v name_v prince_n of_o the_o asturias_n it_o be_v first_o conquer_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o by_o augustus_n caesar_n make_v parcel_n of_o the_o province_n tarracoâ—ensis_n and_o part_v afterward_o of_o the_o province_n of_o gallicia_n by_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n tear_v it_o be_v from_o the_o roman_a dominion_n by_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o goth_n and_o from_o they_o again_o it_o be_v extort_a by_o the_o invade_a moor_n though_o they_o be_v not_o long_o after_o supplant_v 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conqueror_n so_o disgust_v his_o ally_n and_o relation_n that_o to_o decline_v the_o tempest_n which_o menace_v he_o he_o retire_v into_o this_o kingdom_n for_o shelter_n and_o after_o many_o conflict_n commence_v with_o the_o saracen_n by_o a_o fortunate_a managery_n of_o the_o christian_a quarrel_n he_o contract_v their_o power_n into_o narrow_a limit_n but_o be_v supply_v with_o new_a recruit_n the_o sarazen_n not_o only_o reinforce_v their_o animosity_n but_o hope_n also_o until_o tancred_n and_o his_o twelve_o son_n arrive_v out_o of_o normandy_n with_o fresh_a supply_n after_o many_o signal_n encounter_v whole_o supplant_v the_o interest_n that_o these_o infidel_n have_v in_o naples_n but_o though_o these_o invader_n be_v thus_o dissipate_v yet_o the_o greek_n remain_v dissatisfied_n and_o give_v new_a occasion_n of_o war_n and_o trouble_v to_o these_o norman_a conqueror_n under_o the_o command_n of_o melorco_n vicegerent_n of_o this_o province_n under_o the_o grecian_a emperor_n 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assert_v his_o interest_n commence_v a_o war_n with_o conradine_n king_n of_o naples_n and_o have_v put_v his_o title_n to_o the_o umpirage_n of_o a_o battle_n after_o a_o bloody_a debate_n take_v this_o conradine_n captive_a and_o make_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o head_n expiate_v its_o wear_n that_o diadem_n which_o the_o pope_n donation_n have_v before_o by_o a_o pretend_a investiture_n entitle_v he_o to_o and_o have_v thus_o fix_v the_o sceptre_n of_o naples_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n he_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v sway_v by_o his_o son_n and_o heir_n charles_n the_o lame_a who_o by_o mary_n his_o queen_n inheritrix_n of_o hungary_n have_v issue_n charles_n surname_v martel_n who_o have_v his_o mother_n kingdom_n assign_v he_o for_o his_o subsistence_n or_o portion_n lewis_n his_o second_o son_n who_o assume_v holy_a order_n and_o cloud_v all_o his_o earthly_a glory_n in_o the_o cowle_n of_o a_o franeiscan_a friar_n and_o afterward_o be_v bishop_n of_o thoulouse_n robert_n his_o 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the_o six_o with_o lewis_z the_o great_a king_n of_o hungary_n brother_n to_o andrew_n abovesaid_a but_o urban_n the_o six_o to_o recompense_v she_o for_o those_o disservice_n with_o which_o she_o have_v disoblige_v he_o again_o rake_v into_o her_o gild_n and_o incense_a charles_n of_o duras_n of_o the_o house_n of_o hungary_n to_o expiate_v the_o former_a murder_n by_o a_o just_a revenge_n and_o this_o prince_n inflame_v by_o his_o instigation_n come_v and_o besiege_v she_o in_o castello_n del_fw-it ovo_fw-la and_o have_v reduce_v she_o and_o that_o fortress_n to_o his_o discretion_n strangle_v she_o in_o or_o near_o that_o place_n where_o she_o have_v act_v her_o barbarous_a parricide_n on_o her_o first_o husband_n andrew_n charles_n of_o duras_n have_v thus_o destroy_v this_o infamous_a princess_n seize_v on_o the_o neapolitan_a diadem_n which_o do_v not_o sit_v so_o fast_o on_o his_o temple_n but_o that_o it_o be_v shake_v by_o a_o concurrent_a title_n for_o joan_n not_o long_o 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hungar_n a_o people_n of_o scythia_n wander_v in_o sarmatia_n europaea_n and_o not_o tie_v or_o fix_v to_o any_o certain_a abode_n to_o his_o support_n and_o assistance_n and_o they_o so_o generous_o crush_v the_o attempt_n and_o repulse_v the_o assault_n give_v to_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o army_n that_o to_o reward_v so_o signal_n and_o generous_a performance_n arnulphus_n invest_v they_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o pannonia_n and_o by_o a_o grateful_a elevation_n advance_v casala_n their_o leader_n to_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o this_o province_n and_o he_o to_o perpetuate_v to_o posterity_n the_o memory_n of_o this_o magnificent_a donation_n discard_v the_o ancient_a name_n of_o pannonia_n and_o impose_v that_o of_o hungary_n a_o appellation_n extract_v from_o the_o people_n above_o mention_v upon_o it_o and_o from_o he_o it_o come_v down_o to_o his_o great_a grandchild_n stephen_n the_o four_o duke_n of_o hungary_n in_o who_o that_o title_n cease_v and_o be_v improve_v 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with_o croatia_n it_o be_v ancient_o esteem_v a_o limb_n of_o pannonia_n inferior_a as_o in_o more_o modern_a time_n a_o parcel_n of_o the_o province_n of_o savia_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v the_o winithi_n or_o vendi_fw-la who_o be_v swallow_v up_o in_o the_o frequent_a mixture_n of_o their_o confine_a neighbour_n the_o sclave_n be_v esteem_v a_o branch_n of_o that_o powerful_a and_o spread_a nation_n but_o still_o to_o preserve_v the_o name_n of_o their_o first_o original_a the_o denomination_n of_o windischland_n be_v impose_v on_o this_o province_n which_o since_o by_o the_o sale_n and_o conveyance_n above_o mention_v make_v by_o zelamirus_fw-la to_o uladislaus_n the_o saint_n have_v be_v so_o link_v with_o croatia_n that_o as_o it_o have_v have_v still_o the_o same_o successor_n so_o at_o this_o instant_n it_o own_v no_o other_o sceptre_n but_o that_o of_o leopoldus_n ignatius_n now_o emperor_n of_o germany_n finis_fw-la
672._o wamba_n not_o bamba_n as_o his_o name_n be_v place_v in_o ordinary_a register_n manage_v the_o government_n eight_o year_n 680._o erigius_n erroneous_o sometime_o write_v eringius_n continue_v place_v on_o the_o throne_n six_o year_n 687._o egica_n false_o style_v egipsa_n wield_v the_o sceptre_n of_o the_o goth_n 15_o year_n 701._o witiza_n and_o not_o vitiza_n as_o his_o name_n be_v enroll_v in_o some_o chronicle_n reign_v in_o a_o joint_a combination_n of_o government_n with_o his_o father_n five_o year_n and_o five_o year_n he_o sway_v the_o sceptre_n alone_o 711._o rudericus_n so_o his_o name_n be_v inscribe_v on_o his_o coin_n and_o not_o rodericus_fw-la as_o it_o be_v register_v in_o the_o spanish_a annal_n govern_v one_o year_n and_o then_o have_v by_o a_o injurious_a and_o violent_a rape_n pollute_v and_o debauch_v the_o honour_n of_o cana_n daughter_n to_o count_n julian_n a_o eminent_a nobleman_n of_o spain_n he_o to_o assoil_v his_o name_n and_o family_n from_o that_o stain_n which_o this_o ignominious_a affront_n have_v spread_v over_o it_o invite_v the_o moor_n of_o africa_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o musa_n to_o expiate_v the_o former_a violence_n who_o indeed_o execute_v the_o vengeance_n design_v by_o he_o for_o roderick_n so_o solemn_o that_o in_o a_o signal_n battle_n commence_v at_o xeres_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr frontera_n in_o andalusia_n the_o fortune_n of_o spain_n be_v entomb_v in_o the_o carnage_n of_o that_o field_n and_o roderick_n abandon_v both_o crown_n and_o kingdom_n to_o the_o prevail_a sword_n of_o the_o moor_n and_o musa_n be_v support_v and_o reinforce_v by_o new_a supply_n by_o frequent_a success_n force_v almost_o all_o spain_n to_o bow_v to_o a_o universal_a conquest_n whilst_o the_o scatter_a relic_n of_o the_o pale_a and_o amaze_a goth_n immure_v themselves_o in_o the_o inaccessible_a retreat_n of_o asturia_n or_o leon_n from_o whence_o garcia_n ximenes_n a_o nobleman_n extract_v from_o the_o royal_a gothish_a 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cowle_n to_o adorn_v it_o with_o the_o crown_n of_o arragon_n the_o sovereignty_n of_o navarre_n be_v vest_v in_o garcia_n raymir_n grandchild_n of_o garcia_n de_fw-fr nagera_n and_o son_n of_o raymir_n the_o usurper_n abovemention_v so_o that_o the_o right_n of_o this_o descent_n so_o fortify_v his_o title_n that_o he_o ascend_v the_o throne_n of_o navarre_n as_o the_o direct_a heir_n of_o that_o kingdom_n from_o who_o the_o transmission_n of_o descent_n transport_v it_o to_o his_o grandchild_n sancho_n the_o eight_o in_o who_o the_o male_a line_n of_o garcia_n ximines_n be_v wind_v up_o in_o a_o conclusion_n for_o he_o go_v out_o without_o issue_n theobald_n earl_n of_o champagne_n son_n of_o blanch_n his_o sister_n and_o heir_n be_v entitle_v in_o right_o of_o this_o descent_n to_o the_o diadem_n of_o navarre_n and_o from_o the_o thread_n of_o succession_n waft_v this_o dignity_n to_o his_o grandchild_n henry_n who_o determine_v in_o joan_n his_o sole_a daughter_n and_o heir_n she_o 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this_o be_v only_o a_o barren_a naked_a and_o empty_a
title_n for_o the_o actual_a possession_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o shall_v give_v support_n and_o vital_a energy_n to_o it_o be_v long_o since_o tear_v away_o by_o ferdinand_n the_o catholic_n king_n of_o arragon_n and_o castille_n the_o occasion_n which_o minister_v material_n to_o that_o foundation_n on_o which_o that_o detention_n be_v establish_v be_v this_o about_o the_o year_n 1510._o lewis_n the_o twelve_o have_v by_o a_o signal_n victory_n over_o the_o venetian_a at_o aignadel_n humble_v that_o people_n much_o retrench_v their_o power_n and_o infuse_v a_o terror_n into_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n fall_v into_o contention_n with_o pope_n julius_n the_o second_o and_o their_o mutual_a animosity_n be_v enhanse_v with_o that_o acrimonie_n and_o spleen_n that_o the_o quarrel_n be_v prosecute_v almost_o to_o a_o scihsme_n for_o julius_n blast_v all_o the_o partisan_n of_o lewis_n with_o a_o excommunication_n and_o put_v their_o estate_n under_o interdict_v in_o the_o register_n of_o who_o be_v john_n d'albret_a king_n of_o navarre_n who_o be_v disseise_v of_o his_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n by_o ferdinand_n above_o mention_v for_o this_o ferdinand_n varnish_v his_o design_n of_o ravish_v this_o kingdom_n away_o from_o the_o house_n of_o d'albret_n with_o a_o pretence_n and_o show_v of_o pass_v into_o guinne_n to_o combine_v and_o unite_v his_o force_n with_o the_o confederate_n invade_v english_a by_o virtue_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o papal_a interdict_v to_o seize_v and_o subdue_v the_o crown_n of_o france_n sudden_o retrieve_v his_o army_n and_o like_o a_o tempest_n drop_v on_o the_o kingdom_n of_o navarre_n and_o by_o conquest_n about_o the_o year_n 1512._o supplant_v â—nd_n expel_v john_n d'albret_v above_o mention_v upon_o this_o pretence_n that_o he_o be_v entwine_v and_o link_v in_o confederacy_n with_o lewis_n the_o twelve_o who_o be_v a_o rebel_n against_o the_o church_n and_o a_o avow_a enemy_n to_o the_o english_a with_o who_o he_o 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his_o be_v so_o close_o combine_v and_o knit_v together_o in_o the_o contrivance_n and_o contexture_n of_o they_o that_o by_o aid_n of_o these_o and_o the_o concurrent_a support_n of_o a_o prevalent_a faction_n beside_o he_o extort_a the_o sceptre_n of_o castille_n and_o leon_n from_o the_o heits_fw-mi of_o his_o elder_a brother_n though_o many_o attempt_n be_v make_v to_o retrieve_v the_o diadem_n thus_o place_v on_o the_o head_n of_o sancho_n which_o be_v by_o the_o prudence_n of_o sancho_n break_v and_o disappoint_v alfonso_n son_n of_o ferdinand_n retreat_v for_o shelter_n into_o france_n where_o he_o match_v and_o have_v issue_n lewis_n earl_n of_o clermont_n which_o lewis_n by_o leonora_n de_fw-fr guzman_n extract_v from_o the_o house_n of_o medina_n sidonia_n have_v issue_n lewis_n and_o john_n both_o which_o be_v extinguish_v without_o issue_n and_o isabel_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n who_o by_o match_v with_o bernard_n a_o natural_a son_n of_o the_o house_n of_o foix_n and_o so_o all_o the_o right_n of_o that_o family_n which_o be_v
concenter_v in_o she_o be_v now_o lodge_v on_o he_o which_o bernard_n king_n henry_n the_o second_o the_o more_o by_o some_o solemn_a obligation_n to_o endear_v and_o fasten_v to_o himself_o adorn_v with_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o medinâ—_n câ—li_n and_o his_o son_n gastoâ—_n the_o better_a to_o enforce_v and_o propagate_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o nobleness_n of_o his_o antiquity_n and_o extraction_n discard_v the_o name_n of_o foix_n to_o embrace_v that_o of_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v transmit_v with_o the_o title_n bestow_v on_o lewis_n grandchild_n to_o this_o gaston_n and_o to_o his_o posterity_n though_o there_o have_v not_o want_v a_o successive_a regret_n and_o murmur_n in_o this_o family_n to_o be_v thus_o exclude_v from_o the_o spanish_a diadem_n it_o be_v customary_a for_o this_o house_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n to_o put_v up_o a_o petition_n to_o the_o prince_n wherein_o they_o exhibit_v their_o claim_n 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transtamare_n because_o of_o that_o havoc_n and_o ravage_v his_o savage_a execution_n have_v act_v both_o on_o the_o nobility_n and_o populacy_n who_o after_o the_o discard_n and_o renunciation_n of_o he_o be_v by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n advance_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o castille_n and_o leon_n but_o his_o son_n john_n the_o first_o find_v that_o his_o title_n be_v establish_v but_o upon_o a_o crazy_a foundation_n unless_o there_o be_v some_o more_o powerful_a buttress_n to_o sustain_v more_o to_o fortify_v his_o claim_n match_v his_o son_n and_o heir_n prince_n henry_n to_o catharine_n daughter_n to_o john_n of_o gaunt_n by_o constance_n one_o of_o the_o daughter_n of_o pedro_n the_o cruel_a and_o so_o twist_v the_o two_o differ_a title_n into_o one_o and_o from_o he_o do_v the_o diadem_n devolve_v to_o his_o great_a grandchild_n henry_n the_o four_o who_o go_v out_o without_o issue_n male_a isabella_n his_o sister_n and_o sole_a inheritrix_n be_v wed_v to_o ferdinand_n son_n to_o john_n king_n of_o arragon_n incorporate_v it_o with_o the_o patrimony_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n but_o both_o these_o prince_n die_v without_o issue_n male_a joâ—n_n their_o only_a survive_a princess_n of_o castille_n leon_n granadâ—_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o arragon_n navarre_n sicily_n naples_n etc._n etc._n by_o espouse_v philip_n archduke_n of_o austria_n and_o lord_n of_o belgium_n fasten_v these_o vast_a territory_n into_o one_o body_n the_o cement_n which_o knit_v they_o together_o have_v be_v in_o subsequent_a age_n so_o close_o unite_v by_o the_o combination_n of_o many_o reciprocal_a league_n and_o marriage_n that_o they_o be_v still_o the_o demean_v of_o the_o austrian_a family_n and_o particular_o the_o sceptre_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v lodge_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o philip_n the_o four_o now_o monarch_n of_o spain_n portugal_n portugal_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o river_n minio_n and_o avia_fw-la which_o separate_v it_o from_o gallicia_n on_o the_o south_n with_o algarue_v on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o two_o castiles_a and_o estremadura_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v the_o lusitani_n and_o from_o they_o the_o name_n of_o lusitania_n be_v impose_v upon_o it_o but_o though_o these_o be_v the_o principal_a yet_o the_o celtici_n and_o turditani_n who_o dwell_v on_o the_o southside_n of_o tagus_n and_o the_o gallaici_n braccarii_fw-la so_o style_v from_o the_o gallaici_n lucenses_n who_o be_v proprietary_n of_o gallicia_n and_o who_o inhabit_v on_o the_o north_n of_o duero_n be_v entitle_v to_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o it_o be_v at_o first_o by_o the_o successful_a sword_n of_o the_o roman_n make_v subject_a to_o their_o empire_n but_o when_o their_o power_n begin_v to_o sink_v under_o the_o impression_n of_o those_o barbarous_a nation_n who_o have_v so_o fatal_o assault_v they_o this_o be_v extort_a from_o their_o jurisdiction_n by_o the_o alani_n but_o continue_v not_o long_o twist_v into_o their_o acquist_n for_o the_o suevian_o break_v in_o upon_o they_o supplant_v the_o contexture_n of_o their_o new_o obtain_a conquest_n and_o force_v they_o to_o dislodge_v and_o tame_o to_o surrender_v their_o interest_n here_o to_o they_o but_o a_o usurp_a right_o can_v have_v no_o solid_a foundation_n to_o establish_v itself_o upon_o for_o not_o long_o after_o these_o new_a invader_n be_v cast_v out_o from_o their_o new_a encroachment_n by_o the_o prosperous_a attempt_n of_o the_o goth_n but_o they_o again_o sink_v in_o this_o ruin_n of_o spain_n particular_a lamentation_n be_v not_o distinguishable_a in_o universal_a groan_n when_o the_o moorish_a invader_n by_o a_o public_a conquest_n make_v the_o liberty_n of_o spain_n stoop_v to_o their_o command_n and_o success_n and_o after_o it_o have_v for_o some_o age_n groan_v under_o those_o fetter_n they_o impose_v upon_o it_o it_o be_v rescue_v from_o its_o servitude_n by_o the_o noble_a conduct_n of_o henny_n of_o lorraine_n to_o who_o as_o a_o just_a recompense_n of_o his_o virtue_n and_o exemplary_a service_n alsonso_n the_o six_o king_n of_o leon_n espouse_v his_o base_a daughter_n teresa_n and_o with_o she_o to_o improve_v her_o fortune_n transmit_v that_o part_n of_o portugal_n which_o he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v by_o some_o auspicious_a conquest_n rend_v from_o the_o moor_n and_o and_o to_o make_v his_o bounty_n more_o conspicuous_a he_o invest_v he_o with_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n from_o who_o it_o come_v by_o descent_n to_o his_o son_n alfonso_n who_o by_o the_o sovereign_n of_o leon_n be_v as_o guerdon_n to_o poise_v both_o his_o valour_n and_o his_o virtue_n and_o that_o testimony_n of_o a_o excellent_a courage_n he_o exhibit_v at_o the_o battle_n of_o obriquâ—_n anno_fw-la 1139._o he_o govern_v as_o earl_n and_o king_n seventy_o two_o year_n and_o manage_v his_o sceptre_n with_o that_o art_n and_o prudence_n that_o at_o his_o decease_n he_o make_v his_o exit_fw-la with_o the_o fear_n and_o reverence_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o the_o adoration_n of_o his_o friend_n and_o from_o he_o do_v the_o diadem_n of_o this_o kingdom_n descend_v to_o alfonso_n the_o wise_a who_o by_o a_o successful_a conquest_n enlarge_v the_o dominion_n of_o portugal_n and_o wring_v the_o kingdom_n of_o algarue_v from_o the_o moor_n of_o morocco_n who_o have_v before_o supplant_v the_o moor_n of_o sevill_n and_o so_o break_v the_o power_n of_o aben_n mefad_n one_o of_o the_o most_o puissant_a prince_n of_o this_o track_n that_o most_o of_o the_o town_n and_o petty_a governor_n become_v by_o a_o subordinate_a vassalage_n subject_a to_o the_o sceptre_n of_o portugal_n and_o have_v thus_o entwine_v the_o right_n of_o these_o two_o province_n he_o transmit_v they_o to_o his_o grandchild_n pedro_n who_o leave_v issue_n ferdinand_n the_o first_o in_o who_o the_o male_a line_n of_o hen._n of_o lorraine_n determine_v so_o that_o the_o right_a both_o of_o portugal_n and_o algarue_n be_v concenter_v in_o beatrix_n his_o daughter_n who_o be_v disseise_v of_o her_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o her_o uncle_n john_n natural_a son_n to_o pedro_n above_o mention_v who_o have_v thus_o dislodge_v she_o from_o the_o throne_n by_o ill_a art_n and_o dark_a stratagem_n disdain_v to_o be_v tire_v down_o by_o any_o border_a title_n by_o a_o unlawful_a disherision_n discard_v and_o cast_v out_o the_o remain_v lawful_a issue_n of_o his_o father_n pedro_n and_o have_v thus_o by_o these_o crooked_a design_n grasp_v the_o sceptre_n and_o impale_v his_o temple_n with_o the_o diadem_n of_o portugal_n and_o algarue_n he_o to_o fortify_v and_o support_v his_o unjust_a pretension_n match_v with_o phillippa_n daughter_n to_o john_n of_o gaunt_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n with_o who_o so_o many_o noble_a english_a family_n enter_v portugal_n that_o most_o of_o the_o eminent_a house_n of_o this_o nation_n spin_v out_o their_o
make_v between_o he_o and_o the_o say_v mauregate_v by_o which_o this_o usurper_n be_v engage_v to_o pay_v he_o as_o a_o annual_a cense_v or_o tribute_n fifty_o virgin_n collect_v out_o of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o most_o eminent_a and_o noble_a estimate_n in_o this_o region_n but_o after_o his_o decease_n the_o crown_n of_o leon_n return_v to_o invest_v the_o temple_n of_o veramund_n son_n to_o froilla_n abovementioned_a and_o from_o he_o the_o clew_n of_o descent_n guide_v it_o down_o to_o his_o great_a grandchild_n alfonso_n the_o three_o who_o not_o only_o with_o contempt_n and_o scorn_n disdain_v to_o pay_v the_o ignominious_a tribute_n of_o virgin_n abovesaid_a but_o in_o so_o many_o signal_n contest_v and_o encounter_v retrench_v the_o power_n of_o the_o moor_n that_o he_o just_o merit_v the_o title_n of_o alfonso_n the_o great_a and_o he_o leave_v issue_n garcia_n who_o decease_a without_o child_n the_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n of_o leon_n devolve_v to_o his_o sâ—cond_o 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the_o moor_n have_v load_v they_o with_o
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who_o fabric_n
be_v cement_v with_o so_o much_o blood_n must_v be_v crazy_a brittle_a and_o unsafe_a so_o that_o the_o â—â—own_n devolve_v to_o mahomet_n boad_n delin_a who_o do_v not_o expect_v his_o father_n death_n but_o hasten_v it_o with_o all_o these_o imperfection_n debauch_v its_o lustre_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o it_o be_v snatch_v from_o his_o head_n by_o ferdinand_n and_o isabel_n who_o have_v by_o a_o noble_a and_o a_o christian_a conquest_n knit_v it_o to_o the_o demeasn_a of_o castille_n and_o arragon_n it_o be_v now_o by_o successive_a right_n bring_v down_o to_o confess_v philip_n the_o four_o now_o king_n of_o spain_n for_o its_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n toledo_n the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n extract_v its_o appellation_n from_o toledo_n the_o principal_a city_n which_o in_o elder_a time_n do_v circumscribe_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o that_o country_n which_o now_o fall_v under_o the_o name_n of_o new_a castille_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v the_o carpentani_n and_o gyresâ—â—ni_n dislodge_v by_o the_o roman_n who_o again_o be_v dispossess_v by_o the_o alani_n and_o they_o again_o final_o disseise_v by_o the_o goth_n who_o after_o they_o have_v many_o descent_n possess_v it_o and_o make_v toledo_n their_o capital_a residence_n which_o city_n be_v surround_v and_o fortify_v with_o a_o wall_n by_o the_o care_n and_o expense_n of_o bamba_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n be_v out_v and_o devest_v by_o the_o discomfiture_n give_v by_o musa_n chieftain_n of_o the_o moor_n to_o roderick_n the_o last_o gothish_a king_n who_o incogitant_fw-la â—â—â—st_n give_v he_o and_o spain_n up_o a_o prey_n to_o the_o sword_n of_o barbarous_a saracen_n but_o afterward_o when_o the_o great_a kingdom_n of_o corduba_n begin_v to_o be_v split_v asunder_o by_o its_o own_o disorder_n and_o confusion_n it_o be_v upon_o the_o entrance_n of_o abderamen_n into_o spain_n ravish_v away_o from_o galafrâ—y_n who_o hold_v it_o as_o vassal_n under_o the_o caliphs_n of_o daâ—ascus_n but_o with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n and_o this_o abderamen_n leave_v it_o to_o his_o elder_a son_n zuleima_n who_o be_v disseise_v not_o only_o of_o this_o province_n but_o of_o corduba_n likewise_o by_o his_o young_a brother_n hizen_n after_o which_o devestiture_n it_o remain_v constant_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o corduba_n until_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o abderaman_n the_o second_o king_n of_o corduba_n from_o who_o it_o be_v tear_v away_o by_o aben_n lope_n who_o again_o be_v supplant_v by_o mahomet_n son_n of_o abderamen_n about_o the_o year_n 848._o and_o here_o it_o continue_v fix_v and_o constant_a until_o addalla_n a_o man_n of_o very_o great_a estimate_n among_o the_o moor_n take_v advantage_n of_o the_o feud_n start_v between_o zuleima_n and_o hizen_n the_o second_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o realm_n seize_v on_o toledo_n and_o entitle_v himself_o to_o the_o diadem_n of_o it_o but_o he_o die_v without_o issue_n as_o divers_a old_a record_n intimate_v the_o crown_n of_o toledo_n devolve_v by_o his_o testament_n and_o donation_n to_o mahomet_n almohadi_n issue_v from_o the_o royal_a family_n of_o humeia_n king_n of_o corduba_n to_o which_o diadem_n though_o he_o have_v a_o indisputable_a title_n yet_o he_o be_v illegal_o and_o forcible_o discard_v from_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o zuleima_n and_o his_o more_o prevalent_a faction_n and_o from_o this_o mahomet_n do_v the_o sceptre_n of_o toledo_n come_v to_o adorn_v the_o hand_n of_o his_o son_n obeydalla_n who_o have_v but_o new_o ascend_v his_o throne_n when_o he_o fall_v in_o a_o unsuccesseful_a encounter_n a_o sacrifice_n to_o the_o ambition_n and_o fury_n of_o hizen_n king_n of_o corduba_n about_o the_o year_n 990._o after_o who_o disastrous_a tragedy_n the_o diadem_n of_o toledo_n empail_v the_o temple_n of_o his_o kinsman_n hairam_n from_o who_o the_o devolution_n of_o successive_a right_n carry_v it_o down_o to_o his_o great_a grandchild_n to_o hiaya_n surname_v alcaduchir_n or_o alcadarbile_n who_o have_v by_o his_o tyranny_n and_o exaction_n disoblige_v his_o subject_n and_o exasperate_v their_o spirit_n against_o he_o open_v a_o gap_n so_o wide_o that_o alfonso_n the_o first_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o leon_n rush_v in_o at_o that_o breach_n and_o by_o a_o absolute_a conquest_n annex_v this_o province_n to_o castille_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o who_o succeed_a prince_n it_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v so_o constant_a that_o it_o still_o obey_v the_o sceptre_n of_o philip_n the_o four_o now_o king_n of_o spain_n murcia_n murcia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o west_n with_o granada_n on_o the_o east_n with_o valentia_n on_o the_o north_n with_o valentia_n and_o part_n of_o granada_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o levant_n or_o mediteranean_n sea_n this_o province_n be_v a_o appendant_a limb_n to_o hispania_n carthaginensis_n be_v upon_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o alani_n ravish_v from_o the_o roman_n who_o be_v by_o conquest_n first_o entitle_v to_o it_o but_o the_o alani_n have_v not_o be_v long_o resident_a in_o their_o new_a achievement_n here_o but_o they_o be_v expulse_v by_o the_o more_o powerful_a sword_n of_o vallia_n or_o wallia_fw-la king_n of_o the_o goth_n after_o this_o it_o be_v so_o subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o fate_n of_o spain_n that_o it_o be_v make_v part_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o moor_n of_o africa_n when_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n bow_v itself_o to_o their_o yoke_n and_o sceptre_n but_o their_o empire_n in_o spain_n be_v by_o their_o own_o division_n and_o animosity_n so_o disorder_v and_o discompose_v that_o it_o be_v distract_v and_o break_v into_o several_a parcel_n this_o upon_o so_o general_a shipwreck_n be_v seize_v upon_o by_o aben-hut_n extract_v from_o the_o king_n of_o saragossa_n who_o raise_v it_o into_o a_o distinct_a kingdom_n about_o the_o year_n 1228._o and_o afterward_o stretch_v out_o his_o power_n to_o that_o latitude_n that_o he_o not_o only_o command_v over_o this_o country_n but_o reduce_v granada_n and_o part_n of_o andalusia_n under_o his_o dominion_n but_o long_o he_o have_v not_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o his_o new_a conquest_n when_o amid_o the_o caress_n of_o a_o drunken_a feast_n he_o be_v traitorous_o assassinate_v by_o aben_n arramin_n a_o perfidious_a servant_n of_o his_o own_o upon_o who_o tragedy_n one_o aben_n hudiel_n with_o a_o successful_a hand_n seize_v on_o the_o sceptre_n but_o long_o he_o have_v not_o grasp_v it_o when_o one_o alboaquis_n wring_v it_o from_o he_o but_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o assert_v his_o new_a achieve_v regality_n against_o the_o power_n of_o his_o competitor_n resign_v the_o kingdom_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o ferdinand_n the_o second_o king_n of_o castille_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o he_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o murcia_n during_o his_o life_n upon_o who_o expiration_n it_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o diadem_n of_o ferdinand_n abovemention_v and_o have_v be_v so_o constant_o link_v ever_o since_o to_o the_o sceptre_n of_o castille_n that_o it_o now_o acknowledge_v no_o other_o monarch_n but_o philip_n the_o four_o now_o king_n of_o spain_n valentia_n valentia_n be_v circumscribe_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o mediterranean_a on_o the_o west_n with_o castille_n and_o arragon_n on_o the_o north_n with_o catalonia_n it_o be_v original_o part_v of_o that_o division_n of_o spain_n call_v tarraconensis_n but_o afterward_o that_o province_n be_v subdivide_v by_o constantine_n it_o be_v make_v a_o limb_n of_o hispania_n carthaginensis_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v the_o bastitani_n the_o edotani_fw-la the_o contestani_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o celtiberi_fw-la in_o the_o wane_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n when_o the_o imperial_a diadem_n be_v tear_v to_o piece_n by_o its_o fatal_a distemper_n within_o as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o violent_a and_o forcible_a eruption_n of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n from_o without_o this_o province_n stoop_v to_o receive_v that_o yoke_n which_o be_v impose_v upon_o it_o by_o the_o victorious_a alani_n but_o this_o be_v not_o long_o after_o take_v off_o by_o the_o goth_n who_o have_v subdue_v these_o new_a intruder_n cement_v this_o province_n by_o conquest_n with_o the_o residue_n of_o spain_n but_o be_v again_o rend_v off_o from_o their_o monarchy_n by_o the_o successful_a sword_n of_o the_o moor_n and_o knit_v by_o this_o acquist_n to_o their_o kingdom_n erect_v in_o spain_n and_o in_o their_o do_v ninion_n until_o mahomet_n enasir_n receive_v that_o destructive_a blow_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o sierra_n morena_n which_o so_o diminish_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o moor_n that_o their_o retreat_n into_o africa_n be_v a_o effect_n of_o this_o defeat_n valentia_n be_v erect_v into_o a_o distinct_a kingdom_n by_o zeit_n aben_n zeit_n the_o brother_n of_o mahomet_n enasir_n before_o mention_v about_o the_o year_n 1214._o but_o not_o long_o after_o that_o be_v about_o
the_o year_n 1228._o it_o be_v ravish_v away_o from_o this_o new_a prince_n by_o zaen_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o moor_n in_o spain_n and_o the_o pretence_n upon_o which_o he_o establish_v this_o violence_n be_v that_o this_o dethroned_a potentate_n have_v a_o intention_n to_o revolt_v to_o christianity_n but_o this_o zaen_n have_v not_o be_v long_o seat_v in_o his_o new_a conquest_n but_o he_o be_v supplant_v and_o subdue_v by_o james_n king_n of_o arragon_n about_o the_o year_n 1238._o and_o this_o province_n annex_v as_o a_o appendage_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n to_o which_o it_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v so_o constant_o fasten_v that_o both_o its_o title_n and_o propriety_n be_v at_o this_o instant_n link_v to_o the_o sceptre_n of_o philip_n the_o four_o now_o king_n of_o spain_n majorca_n the_o kingdom_n of_o majorca_n contain_v the_o island_n of_o majorca_n minorca_n fbusa_n frumentaria_fw-la in_o the_o levant_n and_o the_o land_n of_o roussillon_n which_o be_v add_v to_o spain_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o goth_n be_v account_v a_o limb_n before_o of_o gallia_n narbonensis_n on_o the_o decease_n of_o gerrard_n the_o last_o proprietary_n earl_n it_o be_v add_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o arragon_n by_o alfonso_n the_o second_o by_o james_n the_o first_o it_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o diadem_n of_o majorca_n but_o be_v tear_v from_o that_o sceptre_n by_o pedro_n the_o four_o it_o be_v once_o more_o link_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o that_o crown_n after_o that_o it_o be_v transmit_v as_o a_o pawn_n by_o john_n the_o second_o to_z lewis_z the_o eleven_o king_n of_o france_n to_o secure_v the_o reimbursement_n of_o 300000_o crown_n lend_v in_o the_o year_n 1462._o and_o free_o surrender_v to_o ferdinand_n the_o second_o surname_v the_o catholic_a with_o a_o release_n from_o all_o encumbrance_n by_o charles_n the_o eight_o his_o son_n in_o the_o year_n 1493._o with_o this_o proviso_n annex_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o impede_fw-la or_o intercept_v he_o in_o those_o design_n which_o have_v a_o aspect_n on_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n from_o who_o the_o continue_a flux_n of_o descent_n carry_v it_o down_o to_o philip_n the_o four_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o who_o patrimony_n it_o lay_v couch_v until_o the_o late_a defection_n of_o catalonia_n and_o than_o it_o be_v total_o lop_v off_o from_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o spaniard_n by_o the_o successful_a sword_n of_o the_o french_a and_o be_v by_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o last_o treaty_n of_o peace_n to_o remain_v during_o the_o truce_n wrap_v up_o in_o the_o demesne_n of_o the_o gallican_n diadem_n adjoin_v to_o this_o province_n as_o part_v of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o majorca_n be_v that_o country_n which_o by_o the_o spaniard_n be_v style_v cerdagne_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a borrow_v this_o appellation_n now_o stive_v into_o a_o lesser_a volume_n from_o the_o cerretani_n who_o be_v the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n this_o province_n lie_v in_o those_o valley_n which_o be_v link_v to_o the_o pyrenean_n hill_n be_v judge_v meet_a to_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n for_o the_o far_a improvement_n of_o that_o province_n to_o who_o paramount_n fortune_n its_o appendant_a fate_n have_v be_v constant_o ever_o since_o so_o subservient_fw-fr that_o when_o it_o and_o roussillon_n be_v pawn_v to_o the_o french_a it_o be_v part_n of_o the_o mortgage_n and_o be_v also_o wrap_v up_o in_o the_o restitution_n the_o earldom_n of_o montpellier_n be_v some_o hundred_o of_o year_n since_o by_o mary_n the_o only_a daughter_n of_o william_n the_o last_o earl_n thereof_o unite_v to_o the_o dominion_n and_o patrimony_n of_o peter_n the_o second_o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o by_o she_o he_o have_v issue_n james_n king_n of_o arragon_n and_o majorca_n of_o that_o name_v the_o three_o who_o convey_v it_o by_o sale_n to_o philip_n of_o valois_n king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o who_o successor_n it_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v resident_a majorca_n with_o the_o circumambient_a island_n of_o minorca_n ebusa_n now_o call_v yuica_fw-la frumentera_n style_v by_o the_o greek_n ophiusa_n and_o colubraria_n by_o the_o latin_n from_o the_o multitude_n of_o serpent_n which_o ancient_o infest_a it_o dragâ—nera_n cabraria_n vedra_n coâ—â—rello_n moncolibre_n alfaques_n and_o scombraria_n so_o call_v from_o a_o contemptible_a fish_n name_v scombrus_n attaque_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o numerous_a shoal_n on_o this_o coast_n and_o thence_o transport_v to_o rome_n though_o more_o ancient_o as_o divers_a eminent_a record_n testify_v it_o obtain_v the_o denomination_n of_o the_o island_n of_o hercules_n these_o island_n be_v first_o plant_v by_o the_o tyrian_n or_o phaenician_o to_o who_o industrious_a care_n most_o of_o their_o city_n owe_v their_o first_o institution_n and_o erection_n there_o be_v one_o erect_v in_o the_o island_n of_o ebusa_n which_o to_o enforce_v a_o grateful_a acknowledge_v mean_v to_o posterity_n of_o their_o expense_n have_v the_o name_n phaenissa_n ancient_o lodge_v upon_o it_o and_o from_o these_o phaenician_o the_o future_a inhabitant_n derive_v the_o art_n of_o sle_v which_o they_o improve_v to_o so_o great_a advantage_n and_o dexterity_n that_o the_o name_n of_o baleares_n in_o subsequent_a age_n be_v impose_v upon_o they_o which_o word_n some_o do_v assert_v be_v extract_v from_o the_o phaenician_a word_n baal-jarre_n which_o in_o the_o punic_a dialect_n import_v as_o much_o as_o a_o master_n in_o the_o art_n of_o sle_v though_o other_o with_o more_o probability_n deduce_v it_o from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v to_o cast_v forth_o or_o throw_v but_o to_o proceed_v these_o island_n first_o bow_v to_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n who_o affair_n here_o be_v successful_o manage_v by_o the_o prudent_a conduct_n of_o hanno_n and_o himilco_n anno_fw-la m._n 5500._o at_o what_o time_n the_o city_n of_o rome_n lie_v gasp_v under_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o decemviri_fw-la under_o the_o dominion_n of_o that_o state_n they_o remain_v subject_a until_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n when_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o shelter_v they_o with_o their_o protection_n they_o abandon_v they_o to_o themselves_o who_o immediate_o mould_v themselves_o into_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n who_o contexture_n be_v quick_o supplant_v by_o metellus_n brother_n to_o he_o who_o subdue_v crete_n and_o unite_v it_o to_o the_o roman_a patrimony_n who_o from_o this_o submission_n of_o they_o to_o that_o empire_n be_v recompense_v with_o the_o glorious_a trophy_n of_o a_o triumph_n afterward_o be_v incorporate_v into_o spain_n and_o make_v a_o limb_n of_o that_o great_a body_n the_o same_o fortune_n either_o prosperous_a or_o adverse_a which_o wait_v on_o that_o attended_z likewise_o on_o this_o in_o those_o distraction_n which_o retail_v out_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o moor_n in_o spain_n to_o a_o various_a ruin_n they_o be_v knit_v into_o a_o entire_a kingdom_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o majorca_n from_o the_o moor_n it_o be_v rend_v away_o by_o the_o conduct_n and_o prowess_n of_o raymond_n earl_n of_o barcelona_n assist_v in_o that_o undertake_n by_o the_o concurrent_a supply_n of_o the_o genoese_a about_o the_o year_n 1102_o but_o i_o know_v not_o upon_o what_o ground_n not_o long_o after_o the_o genoese_n make_v a_o tame_a surrender_n of_o it_o to_o the_o moor_n again_o which_o be_v not_o long_o resident_a in_o their_o possession_n for_o james_n king_n of_o arragon_n about_o the_o year_n 1228._o wring_v it_o from_o they_o by_o a_o second_o conquest_n and_o he_o settle_v it_o on_o his_o second_o son_n james_n and_o from_o he_o the_o diadem_n devolve_v to_o his_o son_n and_o heir_n sancho_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n james_n son_n of_o ferdinand_n brother_z to_z james_z the_o first_o king_n of_o majorca_n enter_v upon_o it_o by_o the_o name_n of_o james_n the_o second_o on_o who_o decease_n james_n the_o three_o ascend_v the_o throne_n who_o sudden_o after_o be_v dislodge_v be_v subdue_v and_o slay_v in_o a_o disastrous_a encounter_n by_o pedro_n the_o four_o king_n of_o arragon_n about_o the_o year_n 1348._o after_o who_o tragedy_n this_o be_v annex_v to_o arragon_n and_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o so_o close_o interweave_v with_o the_o interest_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o it_o still_o obey_v the_o sceptre_n of_o philip_n the_o four_o now_o king_n of_o spain_n catalonia_n catalonia_n be_v shut_v in_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n and_o the_o pyrenian_a mountain_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o mediterranean_a on_o the_o south_n with_o valentia_n on_o the_o north_n and_o north-west_n with_o arragon_n the_o name_n as_o some_o probable_a conjecture_n seem_v to_o affirm_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o castellani_n who_o in_o elder_a time_n be_v
the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o some_o part_n of_o it_o though_o other_o upon_o as_o possible_a ground_n assert_v it_o be_v extract_v from_o the_o catalauni_n a_o ancient_a people_n of_o languedoc_n a_o province_n of_o france_n divide_v by_o no_o considerable_a distance_n from_o this_o province_n but_o the_o affirmation_n of_o those_o be_v certain_o the_o most_o proportionate_a to_o reason_n who_o deduce_v it_o from_o gotholonia_n which_o by_o depravation_n of_o dialect_n and_o a_o more_o easy_a pronunciation_n be_v melt_v into_o catalonia_n this_o province_n have_v be_v adopt_v into_o the_o name_n of_o gotholonia_n by_o the_o goth_n as_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o province_n of_o spain_n on_o which_o that_o nation_n make_v their_o violent_a and_o successful_a eruption_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o province_n be_v the_o castellani_n auxitani_fw-la indigites_n cosetani_n with_o part_n of_o the_o ilercones_n and_o jaccetani_n all_o of_o they_o possessor_n of_o that_o distribution_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v style_v hispania_n tarraconensis_n but_o when_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n begin_v to_o suffer_v her_o eclipse_n and_o umbrage_n and_o wand_n into_o a_o visible_a declension_n this_o be_v rend_v from_o that_o great_a body_n by_o the_o alani_n who_o not_o long_o after_o be_v subdue_v and_o disseise_v by_o the_o goth_n but_o when_o a_o general_a ruin_n be_v super-induced_a on_o spain_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o moor_n this_o sink_v in_o that_o general_a shipwreck_n and_o be_v force_v to_o stoop_v to_o receive_v a_o yoke_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o infidelity_n from_o they_o after_o many_o signal_n struggle_n it_o be_v rescue_v by_o the_o magnanimity_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a who_o have_v reduce_v the_o city_n of_o barcelona_n about_o the_o year_n 801._o settle_v it_o on_o one_o bernard_n a_o frenchman_n with_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n and_o he_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o this_o province_n for_o that_o emperor_n as_o gothofredus_n his_o successor_n do_v for_o lewis_n the_o godly_a but_o gothofredus_n son_n to_o this_o godfred_n have_v act_v some_o exemplary_a service_n which_o oblige_v charles_n the_o grâ—â—_n to_o some_o grateful_a acknowledgement_n he_o to_o expiate_v this_o engagement_n make_v he_o proprietary_n of_o it_o with_o this_o limitation_n reserve_v that_o the_o year_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n as_o be_v accustom_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o his_o predecessor_n shall_v be_v inscribe_v and_o use_v in_o all_o record_n and_o instrument_n of_o public_a cognisance_n and_o from_o he_o it_o be_v transport_v to_o his_o grandchild_n gothofr_v the_o second_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n his_o uncle_n borellus_n enter_v upon_o the_o possession_n of_o this_o earldom_n and_o in_o his_o line_n be_v it_o so_o successive_o fix_v until_o by_o a_o even_a clew_n it_o descend_v to_o raymond_n the_o five_o who_o by_o match_v with_o petronilla_n daughter_n of_o raymir_n the_o second_o king_n of_o arragon_n be_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o that_o alliance_n invest_v with_o the_o diadem_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o knit_v by_o a_o future_a combination_n this_o earldom_n to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o that_o sceptre_n who_o successor_n be_v james_n the_o first_o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o lord_n of_o catalonia_n for_o so_o the_o record_n of_o spain_n seem_v to_o insinuate_v his_o style_n be_v use_v in_o coin_n and_o other_o inscription_n to_o who_o st._n lewis_n king_n of_o france_n by_o resignation_n and_o surrender_v release_v that_o vassalage_n and_o acknowledgement_n which_o be_v due_a from_o his_o predecessor_n to_o the_o diadem_n of_o france_n in_o the_o year_n 1260._o and_o this_o king_n james_n to_o balance_n and_o poise_v the_o merit_n of_o so_o great_a a_o obligation_n by_o a_o proportionate_a compensation_n at_o the_o same_o time_n devest_v himself_o by_o a_o general_a release_n of_o all_o his_o right_n and_o title_n to_o carcassan_n bâ—ziers_n nismes_n and_o some_o other_o considerable_a piece_n in_o france_n in_o timâ—â—_n of_o elâ—er_a inscription_n relate_v as_o appendage_n to_o the_o revenue_n of_o that_o crown_n thus_o have_v i_o represent_v in_o landscape_n how_o catalonia_n become_v twist_v into_o the_o demean_v and_o royalty_n of_o arragon_n where_o it_o constant_o repose_v itself_o until_o the_o year_n 1638._o and_o then_o that_o defection_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o catalan_n as_o be_v pretend_v by_o the_o spaniard_n though_o those_o pretence_n be_v improve_v inflame_v and_o aggravate_v by_o the_o art_n and_o cloudy_a stratagem_n of_o cardinal_n richelieu_n have_v tear_v it_o off_o from_o that_o sceptre_n it_o be_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n model_v and_o fashion_v into_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n but_o with_o a_o reservation_n that_o it_o shall_v still_o be_v under_o the_o patronage_n and_o shelter_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o in_o this_o capacity_n it_o remain_v until_o the_o sucbesseful_a sword_n of_o don_n john_n of_o austria_n the_o marquis_n of_o cerra_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o mortara_n so_o vigorous_o assert_v the_o interest_n of_o spain_n that_o they_o wring_v all_o catalonia_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o french_a and_o although_o this_o nation_n by_o the_o concurrent_a aid_n of_o the_o catalan_n do_v retrieve_v puycerda_n castiglione_n and_o some_o other_o piece_n from_o the_o spaniard_n yet_o the_o more_o principal_a part_n of_o catalonia_n doeâ—â—et_v after_o all_o these_o vast_a concussion_n acknowledge_v no_o other_o sceptre_n but_o that_o which_o be_v sway_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o philip_n the_o four_o king_n of_o spain_n arragon_n arragon_n be_v fetter_v in_o on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o land_n of_o roussillon_n and_o the_o pyrenean_n hill_n on_o the_o west_n the_o two_o castiles_a on_o the_o north_n navarre_n on_o the_o south_n and_o southeast_n catalonia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o vanlentia_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v the_o celtiberi_n who_o spread_v themselves_o over_o a_o very_a considerable_a part_n of_o spain_n style_v hispania_n tarraconensis_n but_o original_o have_v their_o rise_n and_o extraction_n from_o the_o celtae_n a_o ancient_a people_n of_o france_n who_o be_v clog_v and_o surcharge_v with_o superfluity_n of_o people_n advance_v over_o the_o pyrenean_n hill_n and_o mingle_v with_o the_o iberi_n the_o old_a possessor_n of_o arragon_n yet_o there_o be_v other_o inhabitant_n of_o less_o importance_n as_o namely_o the_o jaccetani_n the_o lacetani_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o editani_fw-la and_o ilergetes_n or_o ilurcones_n that_o have_v their_o concernment_n in_o this_o province_n and_o thrive_v under_o the_o protection_n and_o shadow_n of_o the_o noble_a colony_n and_o in_o this_o posture_n it_o remain_v until_o the_o carthaginian_n endeavour_v to_o enlarge_v their_o territory_n make_v it_o bow_v to_o their_o government_n but_o here_o it_o have_v not_o long_o be_v resident_a when_o the_o power_n of_o the_o roman_n grow_v paramount_n to_o they_o it_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o more_o predominant_a strength_n of_o that_o empire_n and_o to_o their_o interest_n it_o be_v subservient_fw-fr until_o it_o be_v ravish_v away_o by_o the_o prevail_a arm_n of_o the_o goth_n who_o acquist_n here_o attend_v the_o fate_n of_o spain_n and_o be_v surrender_v to_o the_o moor_n in_o that_o public_a calamity_n which_o be_v complicate_v with_o their_o conquest_n but_o about_o that_o time_n when_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o leon_n and_o navarre_n be_v establish_v one_o aznarius_n a_o person_n of_o a_o unbroken_a courage_n disdain_v any_o long_a to_o lie_v pant_v under_o that_o load_n of_o slavery_n which_o the_o moor_n have_v cast_v upon_o he_o disengage_v himself_o of_o the_o pressure_n and_o by_o many_o generous_a conflict_n with_o the_o moor_n wherein_o he_o exhibit_v many_o symptom_n of_o a_o inexpugnable_a courage_n he_o invest_v himself_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o some_o land_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o arragon_n but_o because_o he_o find_v his_o power_n be_v too_o infirm_a and_o crazy_a to_o support_v his_o new_a acquist_n without_o some_o collateral_a supply_n he_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o navarre_n about_o the_o year_n 775._o and_o that_o monarch_n both_o to_o excite_v and_o cherish_v so_o worthy_a a_o virtue_n with_o some_o exemplary_a guerdon_n dignify_v he_o with_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o arragon_n and_o from_o he_o it_o devolve_v by_o descent_n to_o his_o lineal_a successor_n fortunio_n ximines_n in_o who_o the_o male_a line_n determine_v so_o that_o fortunio_n the_o second_o king_n of_o navarre_n in_o right_a of_o his_o mother_n urraca_n who_o be_v his_o sister_n and_o heir_n be_v entitle_v to_o arragon_n support_v by_o this_o alliance_n annex_v this_o province_n to_o navarre_n and_o from_o he_o the_o clew_n of_o descent_n transmit_v it_o to_o sancho_n the_o great_a
their_o descent_n and_o claim_n from_o the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o lewis_n de_fw-fr hutin_n k._n of_o france_n before_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n which_o lewis_n match_v with_o margaret_n elder_a daughter_n to_o robert_n the_o three_o above_o mention_v and_o mother_n to_o the_o heir_n general_n but_o to_o proceed_v k._n john_n be_v thus_o invest_v in_o the_o possession_n settle_v it_o on_o his_o second_o son_n philip_n the_o hardy_a from_o who_o by_o the_o step_n of_o some_o descent_n it_o come_v down_o to_o charles_n the_o hardy_a who_o find_v a_o untimely_a sepulchre_n in_o the_o field_n of_o nancy_n leave_v the_o propriety_n of_o burgundy_n to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o mary_n his_o sole_a inheretrix_fw-la upon_o the_o decease_n of_o which_o charles_n lewis_n the_o eleven_o king_n of_o france_n seize_v upon_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n as_o a_o appendage_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n pretend_v it_o be_v by_o the_o fundamental_a custom_n of_o that_o kingdom_n to_o return_v to_o that_o sceptre_n in_o case_n there_o be_v a_o defailance_n of_o issue_n male_n but_o the_o french_a county_n be_v a_o imperial_a isle_n be_v permit_v to_o remain_v unite_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o his_o daughter_n mary_n abovesaid_a in_o who_o right_a maximilian_n the_o emperor_n her_o husband_n be_v invest_v in_o the_o fee_n and_o from_o he_o be_v the_o seignory_n and_o demean_v of_o this_o province_n by_o the_o transmission_n of_o successive_a descent_n guide_v down_o to_o own_o the_o sceptre_n and_o dominion_n of_o philip_n the_o four_o the_o instant_a king_n of_o spain_n flanders_n and_o artois_n these_o two_o though_o since_o since_o separate_v be_v original_o knit_v together_o in_o the_o interest_n of_o one_o estate_n yet_o after_o the_o interval_n of_o five_o or_o six_o descent_n be_v again_o twist_v together_o and_o remain_v thus_o incorporate_v ever_o since_o flanders_n be_v bind_v in_o on_o the_o east_n with_o haiâ—alt_n and_o brabant_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o german_a ocean_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o sea_n of_o zealand_n and_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o scheld_v and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o picardy_n and_o gravel_v interpose_v betwixt_o calais_n and_o gravel_v antiquity_n have_v extract_v its_o name_n from_o several_a conjecture_n as_o first_o from_o flando_fw-la because_o it_o lie_v upon_o the_o wind_n other_o again_o assert_v that_o it_o be_v impose_v upon_o it_o from_o flandbert_n the_o son_n of_o blesinda_n daughter_n of_o clâ—dion_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n some_o fetch_v it_o from_o a_o town_n of_o that_o name_v situate_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n where_o now_o ardenbourg_n stand_v so_o long_o since_o languish_v and_o shrink_v into_o ruin_n that_o the_o least_o symptom_n or_o representation_n be_v want_v to_o inform_v we_o that_o there_o be_v once_o such_o a_o place_n in_o be_v that_o we_o now_o with_o difficulty_n trace_v out_o its_o rubbish_n amid_o its_o ruin_n therefore_o the_o conjecture_n of_o more_o rational_a head_n extract_v the_o appellation_n from_o flandrina_n the_o wife_n of_o lideric_n the_o second_o the_o first_o who_o manage_v the_o government_n of_o these_o part_n as_o forester_n it_o be_v in_o elder_a time_n resolve_v into_o three_o division_n that_o be_v flandria_n imperialis_fw-la call_v so_o because_o it_o be_v long_o in_o its_o obedience_n subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n flandria_n gallica_n so_o style_v from_o the_o french_a dialect_n there_o speak_v and_o flandria_n teutonica_n because_o within_o its_o precinct_n the_o dutch_a language_n be_v proper_o use_v artois_n be_v limit_v on_o the_o east_n with_o flanders_n gallicant_n and_o the_o county_n of_o cambray_n on_o the_o south_n and_o west_n it_o be_v bound_v with_o picardy_n on_o the_o north_n with_o flanders_n flammegant_a and_o the_o river_n of_o lis._n the_o name_n be_v extract_v from_o the_o atrebates_n the_o old_a inhabitant_n thereof_o the_o air_n be_v temperate_a and_o the_o soil_n so_o pregnant_a and_o fertile_a that_o it_o may_v very_o well_o have_v the_o denomination_n of_o the_o granary_n of_o flanders_n and_o brabant_n these_o country_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n be_v ancient_o if_o not_o a_o part_n yet_o much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o condition_n with_o the_o great_a forest_n of_o ardenne_n nothing_o but_o the_o solitude_n of_o continual_a wood_n and_o depart_v make_v the_o aspect_n of_o it_o rude_a and_o desolate_a the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o first_o be_v the_o nervii_n and_o morini_n who_o be_v supplant_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o these_o again_o by_o the_o french_a who_o have_v establish_v the_o great_a earldom_n of_o ardenne_n make_v these_o province_n in_o part_n subject_n to_o the_o dominion_n and_o power_n of_o its_o governor_n while_o that_o track_n of_o earth_n which_o confine_v on_o the_o sea_n be_v so_o expose_v to_o rapine_n piracy_n and_o depredation_n of_o the_o dane_n that_o it_o be_v neglect_v uncultivated_a and_o almost_o unpeople_v the_o inland_n country_n something_o contribute_v to_o the_o general_a calamity_n by_o be_v mean_o plant_v from_o a_o deficiency_n of_o those_o necessary_n which_o shall_v support_v the_o life_n of_o man._n but_o when_o brunulph_n earl_n of_o ardenne_n be_v secure_v by_o dagobert_n king_n of_o france_n this_o wild_a and_o disorder_a country_n extend_v as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n of_o some_o and_o enwrap_v beside_o artois_n and_o flanders_n a_o considerable_a part_n of_o piâ—ardy_n about_o the_o year_n 621._o be_v give_v to_o lideriâ—_n le_fw-fr beuque_fw-fr with_o the_o title_n of_o forester_n to_o be_v hold_v under_o homage_n to_o that_o crown_n in_o who_o posterity_n this_o title_n sojourn_v until_o the_o time_n of_o baldwin_n the_o first_o the_o son_n of_o odoacer_n the_o seven_o of_o the_o forester_n who_o name_n be_v record_v in_o the_o register_n of_o flanders_n there_o be_v a_o gap_n or_o parenthesis_n which_o ravel_v their_o memory_n during_o the_o ravage_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n this_o baldwin_n have_v by_o a_o violent_a onset_n ravish_v away_o and_o after_o wed_v judith_n sister_n to_o charles_n the_o bald_a king_n of_o france_n and_o emperor_n be_v by_o he_o create_v earl_n of_o flanders_n about_o the_o year_n 864._o the_o sovereignty_n reserve_v as_o before_o it_o be_v in_o who_o issue_n the_o interest_n of_o these_o province_n remain_v combine_v and_o entire_a until_o philip_n the_o first_o surname_v of_o elsas_n son_n of_o theodorick_n the_o first_o surname_v likewise_o of_o elsas_n to_o which_o theodorick_n the_o seignory_n both_o of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n accrue_v as_o be_v heir_n general_n of_o heltrude_n daughter_n and_o heir_n general_n likewise_o of_o robert_n the_o first_o earl_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n after_o the_o decease_n of_o her_o brother_n robert_n the_o second_o charles_n son_n of_o canutus_n king_n of_o denmark_n who_o have_v match_v with_o her_o sister_n adeliza_n and_o of_o william_n 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earl_n of_o burgundy_n he_o in_o her_o right_n become_v earl_n of_o artois_n but_o in_o he_o the_o title_n be_v as_o volatile_a and_o unfixed_a as_o in_o the_o former_a for_o he_o decease_a without_o issue_n male_a and_o so_o joan_n his_o daughter_n and_o heir_n by_o espouse_v philip_n the_o long_a king_n of_o france_n unite_z this_o earldom_n to_o his_o sceptre_n and_o the_o estate_n to_o his_o patrimony_n and_o give_v it_o in_o marriage_n with_o the_o county_n of_o burgundy_n with_o joan_z his_o elder_a daughter_n to_o eude_v duke_n of_o burgundy_n and_o from_o he_o the_o right_a of_o descent_n waft_v it_o along_o to_o his_o grandchild_n philip_n the_o three_o who_o expire_a without_o issue_n margaret_n second_o daughter_n of_o king_n philip_n the_o long_o above_o mention_v who_o be_v match_v to_o lewis_n earl_n of_o flanders_n enter_v upon_o this_o earldom_n as_o his_o heir_n general_n and_o transmit_v it_o and_o both_o the_o burgundy_n to_o his_o son_n lewis_n de_fw-fr
the_o so_o much_o celebrate_v tyrant_n who_o be_v general_n of_o the_o syracusan_n make_v himself_o their_o king_n a_o man_n of_o great_a vice_n and_o as_o eminent_a virtue_n 38._o a._n m._n 3582._o 5._o dionysius_n the_o second_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o his_o vice_n but_o not_o in_o his_o courage_n or_o prudence_n be_v first_o supplant_v by_o dion_n a_o gentleman_n of_o syracuse_n and_o second_o vanquish_v and_o make_v captive_a by_o timoleon_n of_o corinth_n a._n m._n 3635._o 6._o agathocles_n a_o potter_n after_o a_o soldier_n twenty_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o timoleon_n make_v himself_o king_n of_o syracuse_n 29._o a._n m._n 3681._o 7._o hiero_n the_o second_o of_o a_o leader_n of_o their_o army_n choose_a king_n of_o syracuse_n by_o a_o party_n which_o he_o have_v pack_v among_o they_o in_o his_o time_n break_v out_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n the_o roman_n be_v call_v in_o by_o the_o mamertones_n who_o hold_v messana_n against_o the_o 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the_o fortune_n of_o that_o kingdom_n subject_a unto_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o norman_a and_o german_a line_n until_o the_o death_n of_o conrade_n no_o discomposure_n or_o interruption_n intervening_a after_o who_o exit_n when_o manfred_n base_a son_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n and_o brother_n of_o conrade_n have_v by_o a_o forcible_a intrusion_n entitle_v himself_o to_o the_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n of_o this_o island_n it_o be_v offer_v by_o the_o pope_n upon_o some_o condition_n knot_v with_o many_o rugged_a difficulty_n to_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n brother_n to_o henry_n the_o three_o a_o man_n according_a to_o the_o standard_n of_o those_o time_n of_o a_o most_o important_a revenue_n upon_o who_o wave_v this_o motion_n it_o be_v again_o offer_v to_o his_o nephew_n edmund_n second_o son_n to_o henry_n the_o three_o who_o be_v espouse_v to_o this_o royalty_n by_o a_o ring_n and_o money_n coin_v in_o his_o name_n by_o the_o pope_n appointment_n with_o the_o impress_n 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tacit_o decline_v peter_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n by_o dark_a stratagem_n and_o black_a contrivance_n wherein_o he_o be_v aid_v by_o john_n de_fw-fr prochita_n a_o gentleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n from_o who_o charles_n of_o anjou_n have_v violent_o snatch_v the_o island_n of_o prochita_n upon_o a_o summon_v receive_v from_o a_o toll_n of_o a_o bell_n sounded_z as_o it_o be_v pretend_v to_o give_v a_o alarm_n to_o sicily_n of_o the_o approach_n and_o onset_n of_o some_o invade_a sarazen_n the_o french_a be_v assassinate_v in_o this_o island_n which_o massacre_n so_o firm_o rivet_v the_o title_n into_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n that_o it_o still_o continue_v incorporate_v into_o the_o interest_n of_o spain_n sardinia_n the_o island_n of_o sardinia_n lie_v west_n from_o sicily_n from_o the_o near_a point_n thereof_o it_o be_v distant_a about_o two_o hundred_o mile_n it_o be_v in_o length_n one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o ninety_o in_o breadth_n and_o in_o circuit_n five_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o mile_n in_o the_o time_n of_o aristotle_n it_o be_v call_v ichnusa_n and_o next_o sandaliota_n from_o the_o resemblance_n of_o a_o shoe-sole_a or_o the_o impression_n of_o a_o man_n foot_n on_o the_o earth_n and_o final_o sardinia_n from_o sardus_n the_o son_n of_o hercules_n who_o come_v out_o of_o africa_n entitle_v himself_o to_o the_o possession_n and_o that_o which_o more_o improve_v and_o fortify_v this_o narration_n be_v that_o the_o people_n in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n have_v still_o the_o appellation_n of_o sardi_n and_o the_o circumambient_a sea_n the_o denomination_n of_o mare_n sardoum_n and_o to_o this_o name_n it_o have_v remain_v so_o constant_o ever_o since_o espouse_v that_o no_o follow_a plantation_n be_v ever_o able_a to_o extinguish_v or_o divorce_v it_o some_o company_n of_o attica_n be_v conduct_v hither_o by_o jolaus_n where_o they_o erect_v olbion_n and_o agrillis_n which_o colony_n to_o enforce_v and_o multiply_v the_o memory_n of_o their_o foundér_n assume_v to_o themselves_o the_o name_n of_o jolatense_n and_o after_o the_o ruin_n of_o troy_n some_o of_o the_o break_a relic_n of_o that_o scatter_a nation_n come_v and_o plant_v in_o the_o void_a place_n of_o this_o island_n who_o successor_n be_v mention_v by_o livy_n and_o pliny_n under_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o ilienses_n after_o these_o the_o carthaginian_n by_o the_o nearness_n of_o their_o habitation_n do_v attaque_fw-la all_fw-mi advantage_n to_o make_v as_o at_o last_o they_o do_v a_o full_a conquest_n of_o it_o build_v therein_o the_o city_n of_o carmis_n calaris_n and_o sulchi_n and_o assert_v their_o title_n to_o it_o it_o be_v unjust_o wring_v from_o they_o by_o the_o roman_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n at_o what_o time_n carthage_n be_v in_o hazard_n to_o be_v ruin_v by_o the_o defection_n of_o her_o own_o mercenary_n and_o so_o in_o no_o capacity_n to_o resist_v this_o island_n be_v thus_o extort_a from_o the_o carthaginian_n by_o the_o roman_n be_v immediate_o under_o the_o signory_n of_o the_o praefect_n of_o rome_n but_o after_o by_o junstiâ—an_n it_o be_v incorporate_v into_o his_o new_a diocese_n of_o africa_n and_o as_o a_o appendage_n to_o it_o be_v claim_v invade_v and_o subdue_v by_o the_o saracen_n anno_fw-la 807._o who_o destroy_v calaris_n subvert_v by_o gracchus_n and_o the_o roman_n and_o again_o in_o more_o settle_a time_n reestablish_v but_o from_o they_o it_o be_v rescue_v by_o the_o pisans_n who_o re-edify_v calari_n and_o genoese_n who_o make_v a_o partition_n of_o it_o betwixt_o they_o but_o the_o genoese_a disgu_v with_o their_o portion_n as_o be_v less_o in_o quantity_n and_o worse_o in_o quality_n begin_v to_o enter_v into_o contest_v with_o the_o pisans_n which_o at_o last_o usher_v in_o a_o open_a war_n anno_fw-la 1324._o in_o which_o have_v worry_v themselves_o with_o mutual_a contest_v pope_n boniface_n the_o eight_o to_o appease_v their_o animoâ—ties_n and_o supersede_n all_o quarrel_n for_o the_o future_a by_o a_o new_a donation_n enstate_v it_o on_o james_n the_o second_o king_n of_o arragon_n who_o have_v entitle_v himself_o to_o it_o by_o a_o specious_a claim_n before_o upon_o pretence_n that_o it_o be_v a_o limb_n or_o appendix_n to_o sicily_n and_o wrap_v up_o in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o that_o diadem_n and_o the_o more_o to_o fortify_v his_o new_a acquist_n obtain_v the_o papal_a concession_n to_o support_v and_o improve_v his_o interest_n here_o which_o before_o appear_v to_o be_v but_o infirm_a and_o crazy_a and_o be_v thus_o double_o guard_v with_o his_o own_o title_n and_o the_o pope_n grant_n he_o after_o some_o signal_n decision_n of_o the_o sword_n whole_o supplant_v both_o the_o pisans_n and_o genoese_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1324._o reduce_v this_o island_n under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o aragonian_a sceptre_n and_o from_o he_o have_v the_o propriety_n ever_o since_o be_v conduct_v
fortify_v her self_o agrin_v the_o design_n of_o pope_n urban_n have_v adopt_v lewis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n brother_n to_o châ—rles_n the_o five_o king_n of_o france_n for_o her_o heir_n and_o he_o endeavour_v to_o vindicate_v and_o extort_v the_o crown_n from_o charles_n of_o duras_n by_o dint_n of_o sword_n but_o the_o latter_a do_v so_o vigorous_o sustain_v all_o the_o impression_n of_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n that_o he_o not_o only_o assert_v and_o fix_v the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n to_o himself_o but_o likewise_o transmit_v a_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o it_o to_o his_o successor_n which_o be_v first_o ladislaus_n his_o son_n and_o heir_n who_o decease_a without_o issue_n and_o joan_n his_o only_a daughter_n and_o then_o heir_n who_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o ladislaus_n ascend_v the_o throne_n of_o naples_n by_o the_o name_n of_o joan_n the_o second_o who_o for_o disorder_n and_o irregular_a excess_n and_o hold_v a_o scandalous_a familiarity_n with_o one_o caracciolo_n as_o likewise_o for_o her_o ill_a administration_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n be_v degrade_v from_o the_o regal_a dignity_n by_o pope_n martin_n the_o four_o and_o lewis_n of_o anjou_n grandchild_n to_o lewis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n above_o mention_v name_v by_o he_o to_o wear_v the_o diadem_n of_o naples_n in_o her_o place_n but_o she_o disdain_v to_o be_v thus_o devest_v to_o secure_v herself_o against_o the_o attempt_n and_o pretence_n of_o this_o lewis_n adopt_a alfonsus_n king_n of_o arragon_n and_o sicily_n for_o her_o heir_n but_o be_v a_o woman_n of_o a_o volatile_a and_o inconstant_a temper_n upon_o pretence_n of_o some_o ingrateful_a affront_v put_v upon_o she_o by_o alfonsus_n abovesaid_a cancel_v her_o first_o adoption_n and_o by_o a_o second_o instrument_n declare_v lewis_n the_o four_o duke_n of_o anjou_n son_n to_o lewis_n abovesaid_a for_o her_o heir_n and_o this_o lewis_n have_v wring_v the_o crown_n from_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n enjoy_v it_o joint_o with_o this_o queen_n joan_n in_o a_o fix_a serenity_n of_o government_n for_o some_o year_n but_o die_v without_o issue_n before_o she_o she_o to_o preserve_v herself_o from_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o aragonian_a faction_n adopt_a rene_n duke_n of_o anjou_n his_o brother_n for_o her_o heir_n and_o soon_o after_o she_o have_v declare_v and_o effect_v this_o she_o herself_o be_v disrobe_v by_o death_n of_o all_o earthly_a glory_n but_o this_o rene_n be_v then_o captive_a with_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n be_v debar_v from_o amass_v those_o force_n together_o which_o may_v adjou_v his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o naples_n indeed_o his_o duchess_n elizabeth_n attempt_v to_o retrieve_v it_o but_o be_v overlay_v with_o the_o faction_n and_o force_n of_o alfonsus_n she_o and_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n be_v utter_o supplant_v and_o alfonsus_n upon_o a_o pretence_n extract_v from_o the_o first_o adoption_n of_o joan_n which_o be_v support_v by_o conquest_n upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o this_o family_n step_v up_o to_o the_o throne_n of_o naples_n and_o he_o more_o to_o ennoble_v his_o family_n by_o a_o additional_a augmentation_n of_o revenue_n enstate_v this_o kingdom_n on_o his_o natural_a son_n ferdinand_n who_o be_v thus_o invest_v in_o it_o transmit_v it_o to_o his_o son_n alfonsus_n the_o second_o and_o he_o have_v issue_n ferdinand_n the_o second_o who_o likewise_o wear_v the_o diadem_n of_o naples_n but_o a_o tenure_n very_o volatile_a and_o unfixt_v attend_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o make_v it_o rest_v but_o loose_o on_o his_o temple_n for_o charles_n the_o eight_o king_n of_o france_n espouse_v the_o title_n and_o quarrel_n of_o the_o house_n of_o anâ—ou_n so_o vigorous_o support_v their_o interest_n that_o he_o supplant_v this_o ferdinand_n and_o force_v he_o to_o abandon_v the_o neapolitan_a sceptre_n but_o the_o french_a upon_o the_o departure_n of_o charles_n the_o eight_o manage_n both_o the_o civil_a and_o military_a affair_n of_o this_o kingdom_n with_o much_o impetuousness_n and_o inadvertency_n excite_v the_o neapolitan_n to_o resent_v their_o sway_n and_o government_n with_o so_o much_o regret_n and_o passion_n that_o frederick_n brother_n of_o alfonsus_n the_o second_o regain_v it_o with_o as_o much_o facility_n as_o his_o nephew_n ferdinand_n have_v cheap_o lose_v it_o but_o lewis_n the_o twelve_o successor_n and_o kinsman_n to_o charles_n the_o eight_o upon_o the_o decease_n of_o this_o charles_n who_o die_v sudden_o at_o amboise_n as_o he_o be_v prepare_v for_o a_o second_o eruption_n upon_o naples_n collect_v a_o powerful_a army_n to_o vindicate_v his_o pretence_n and_o title_n to_o that_o kingdom_n so_o that_o frederick_n find_v himself_o too_o weak_a to_o sustain_v the_o weight_n of_o so_o mighty_a a_o opposition_n throw_v himself_o into_o the_o protection_n of_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o arragon_n and_o castille_n who_o in_o stead_n of_o assert_v his_o interest_n against_o the_o onset_n of_o the_o french_a by_o a_o unworthy_a compact_n with_o lewis_n the_o twelve_o dissert_v his_o kinsman_n and_o have_v the_o moiety_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assign_v he_o as_o the_o price_n of_o this_o dereliction_n but_o not_o long_o after_o the_o french_a and_o spaniard_n enter_v into_o contention_n about_o the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o the_o land_n divide_v their_o animosity_n be_v improve_v to_o that_o height_n that_o they_o blaze_v out_o in_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o public_a war_n which_o be_v manage_v with_o that_o vigour_n and_o prudence_n by_o gonsalvo_n the_o spanish_a general_n that_o after_o many_o encounter_v the_o french_a be_v whole_o disseise_v and_o their_o interest_n they_o have_v in_o this_o kingdom_n extort_a from_o they_o and_o though_o in_o age_n subsequent_a to_o this_o the_o french_a do_v not_o tame_o abandon_v their_o pretend_a concernment_n here_o but_o seek_v to_o retrieve_v it_o by_o the_o bloody_a umpirage_n of_o the_o sword_n yet_o be_v their_o design_n so_o ill_o manage_v and_o their_o arm_n so_o unprosperous_a that_o their_o disastrous_a success_n do_v but_o more_o fasten_v the_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n of_o naples_n to_o that_o of_o spain_n to_o who_o diadem_n the_o interest_n and_o title_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v remain_v ever_o since_o so_o firm_o link_v that_o it_o be_v still_o unite_a to_o the_o hereditary_a patrimony_n of_o philip_n the_o four_o now_o king_n of_o spain_n milan_n milan_n be_v shut_v in_o on_o the_o east_n with_o mantua_n and_o parma_n on_o the_o west_n with_o piedmont_n and_o switzerland_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o province_n call_v marca_n anconitana_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o that_o chain_n of_o hill_n which_o be_v style_v the_o apennine_a the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v the_o insubres_n the_o bâ—ji_n the_o cenomani_n and_o the_o senones_n who_o be_v after_o diverse_a signal_n contention_n devest_v of_o their_o possession_n by_o the_o roman_n and_o force_v to_o surrender_v themselves_o as_o tributary_n to_o their_o dominion_n and_o seignory_n and_o in_o that_o demeasn_a which_o support_v rome_n as_o it_o be_v first_o the_o head_n of_o a_o spread_a commonwealth_n and_o then_o second_o the_o metropolis_n of_o a_o spacious_a empire_n do_v this_o province_n lie_v fold_v up_o until_o the_o government_n of_o this_o province_n come_v to_o be_v manage_v by_o augustulus_n the_o last_o of_o the_o western_a emperor_n who_o be_v subdue_v and_o his_o force_n break_v by_o odoacer_n king_n of_o the_o heruli_n and_o thuringians_n this_o province_n become_v the_o guerdon_n of_o his_o triumph_n but_o the_o possession_n be_v thus_o achieve_v by_o a_o unjust_a invasion_n be_v not_o long_o after_o extort_a and_o ravish_v away_o from_o they_o by_o theodorick_n k._n of_o the_o goth_n about_o the_o year_n 495._o but_o here_o the_o title_n be_v as_o volatile_a and_o transient_a as_o former_o for_o teyas_n his_o successor_n be_v about_o the_o year_n 567._o vanquish_v by_o the_o united_a force_n of_o alboinus_n king_n of_o the_o auâ—res_n invite_v out_o of_o hungary_n and_o narses_n general_n for_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n in_o itaâ—y_n the_o goth_n be_v thus_o disieise_v this_o province_n be_v consign_v to_o albâ—inus_n and_o his_o troop_n by_o narses_n anno_fw-la 568._o as_o the_o price_n of_o his_o successful_a courage_n and_o meritorious_a fidelity_n so_o visible_o exhibit_v in_o the_o war_n commence_v with_o the_o expulse_v goth_n and_o in_o himself_o and_o his_o line_n do_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o this_o province_n by_o a_o decursion_n and_o series_n of_o twenty_o three_o king_n remain_v uninterrupted_o lodge_v until_o the_o devolution_n of_o descent_n bring_v the_o sceptre_n to_o be_v wield_v by_o desiderius_n who_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 774._o discomfit_v by_o charles_n the_o great_a this_o kingdom_n sink_v in_o his_o ruin_n and_o be_v afterward_o incorporate_v as_o a_o province_n into_o the_o spread_a demean_v of_o that_o victorious_a monarch_n after_o who_o reign_n this_o province_n remain_v imperial_a and_o