of_o pain_n to_o persuade_v we_o and_o whether_o this_o long_a and_o constant_a succession_n in_o one_o family_n be_v ancient_o depend_v from_o a_o free_a choice_n or_o not_o will_v be_v worth_a our_o inquire_n into_o existinabat_fw-la canute_n surname_v the_o hardy_a 1044._o have_v no_o issue_n have_v by_o compact_a resigned_n the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n after_o his_o death_n to_o magnus_n king_n of_o norwegan_n who_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n take_v possession_n of_o the_o same_o be_v oppose_v by_o sueno_n canute_n sister_n son_n till_o magnus_n after_o a_o reign_n of_o eight_o year_n come_v to_o die_v of_o a_o fall_n from_o his_o horse_n he_o be_v declare_v king_n of_o denmark_n though_o in_o no_o way_n belove_v of_o the_o danish_a nobility_n as_o have_v wage_v continual_o war_n against_o they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o magnus_n yet_o be_v the_o only_a one_o that_o be_v leave_v of_o the_o ancient_a race_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n be_v receive_v as_o king_n of_o denmark_n 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memory_n of_o such_o as_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o transaction_n of_o these_o country_n beside_o these_o undeniable_a example_n there_o be_v also_o obvious_a among_o the_o historian_n testimony_n sufficient_a to_o convince_v any_o body_n that_o be_v not_o prepossess_v with_o a_o vain_a conceit_n of_o his_o own_o opinion_n that_o the_o succession_n be_v not_o ancient_o depend_v from_o the_o will_n of_o the_o state_n but_o that_o their_o king_n have_v and_o do_v claim_v a_o right_n to_o the_o same_o for_o themselves_o and_o their_o heir_n both_o male_n and_o female_n when_o after_o the_o death_n of_o waldemar_n the_o state_n declare_v olaus_n haquin_n and_o margaret_n king_n and_o queen_n of_o norway_n son_n king_n of_o denmark_n vii_o the_o danish_a historiographer_n give_v this_o among_o other_o for_o a_o reason_n because_o he_o be_v from_o his_o mother_n side_n the_o next_o to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o the_o same_o book_n he_o have_v give_v we_o a_o extract_v careret_fw-la out_o of_o the_o record_n wherein_o the_o say_v margaret_n mother_n to_o this_o olaus_n and_o daughter_n of_o king_n waldemar_n be_v call_v queen_n of_o norway_n and_o sweden_n and_o the_o true_a heiress_n of_o denmark_n that_o note_a historian_n crantius_n speak_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n both_o of_o olaus_n and_o his_o mother_n margaret_n he_o say_v that_o the_o two_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n be_v hereditary_a to_o olaus_n and_o that_o after_o the_o decease_n of_o he_o there_o be_v no_o male_a heir_n leave_v all_o be_v fall_v to_o queen_n margaret_n careret_fw-la the_o same_o author_n call_v siwald_n the_o first_o heir_n and_o successor_n to_o his_o father_n king_n ungrin_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o speak_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n of_o broderick_n son_n of_o yarmerick_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o true_o the_o name_n of_o heir_n of_o denmark_n be_v so_o frequent_a in_o the_o ancient_a history_n of_o denmark_n especial_o before_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a that_o it_o will_v be_v infinite_a to_o mention_v they_o here_o since_o even_o in_o latter_a time_n the_o same_o have_v not_o be_v out_o of_o date_n there_o meursius_n do_v not_o only_o call_v christiern_n son_n to_o christiern_n heir_n of_o that_o kingdom_n but_o also_o bestow_v the_o same_o title_n upon_o john_n the_o son_n of_o the_o depose_a christiern_n the_o ii_o and_o here_o i_o can_v but_o insert_v the_o reason_n which_o be_v allege_v by_o the_o state_n of_o denmark_n among_o other_o in_o their_o proclamation_n for_o the_o declare_v frederick_n i._o king_n of_o denmark_n after_o they_o have_v renounce_v all_o obedience_n to_o christiern_n ii_o their_o reason_n be_v these_o because_o he_o be_v the_o heir_n of_o norway_n 1._o and_o have_v his_o offspring_n out_o of_o the_o most_o glorious_a family_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v a_o king_n christiern_n i_n son_n and_o that_o therefore_o this_o honour_n do_v belong_v to_o he_o in_o his_o own_o right_n before_o any_o other_o prince_n saxon._n and_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o portion_n or_o patrimonial_a share_n out_o of_o his_o fatherly_a kingdom_n from_o hence_o i_o think_v may_v be_v easy_o understand_v that_o the_o state_n of_o denmark_n even_o in_o latter_a time_n do_v not_o assume_v to_o themselves_o the_o free_a disposal_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o the_o succession_n be_v not_o precarious_a and_o as_o our_o author_n will_v have_v it_o according_a to_o good_a behaviour_n this_o will_v appear_v more_o clear_a to_o we_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o same_o right_n of_o succession_n have_v not_o only_o in_o former_a but_o also_o latter_a time_n ever_o since_o the_o oldenburg_n family_n have_v sway_v the_o sceptre_n in_o that_o kingdom_n be_v deprive_v not_o only_o to_o the_o next_o male_a heir_n though_o minor_n but_o also_o to_o the_o female_n and_o their_o offspring_n of_o the_o female_a succession_n we_o have_v two_o instance_n since_o the_o oldenburg_n family_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o first_o be_v that_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o marriage_n contract_n betwixt_o christiern_n ii_o and_o isabel_n sister_n to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n v._o 1522â—_n that_o if_o they_o shall_v leave_v no_o male-heir_n behind_o they_o the_o elder_a daughter_n shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o denmark_n and_o when_o afterward_o the_o same_o isabel_n follow_v her_o husband_n in_o his_o exile_n after_o he_o be_v depose_v the_o state_n do_v not_o only_o recall_v she_o but_o also_o promise_v her_o obedience_n nay_o they_o do_v declare_v by_o a_o public_a proclamation_n that_o if_o she_o will_v return_v to_o the_o kingdom_n they_o will_v acknowledge_v she_o for_o their_o queen_n and_o sovereign_a lady_n which_o proffer_n however_o though_o never_o so_o advantageous_a she_o refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o of_o the_o female_a succession_n the_o danish_a ancient_a history_n furnish_v we_o with_o a_o remarkable_a example_n in_o margaret_n daughter_n to_o king_n waldemar_n iu._n who_o be_v marry_v to_o haquin_n king_n of_o norway_n after_o the_o decease_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o son_n olaus_n succeed_v they_o in_o both_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n and_o reign_v for_o about_o thirty_o year_n about_o the_o year_n 1400._o and_o of_o several_a king_n of_o denmark_n who_o come_v to_o that_o crown_n by_o right_a of_o the_o female_a succession_n there_o be_v several_a example_n in_o their_o history_n sueno_fw-it iii_o about_o the_o year_n 1155_o succeed_v canute_n iv._o 5._o he_o be_v bear_v from_o margaret_n the_o sister_n of_o canute_n surname_v the_o great_a and_o not_o much_o belove_v by_o the_o dane_n as_o have_v to_o his_o father_n one_o ulpho_n a_o englishman_n yet_o be_v the_o only_a one_o that_o be_v leave_v of_o the_o royal_a family_n be_v therefore_o declare_v king_n of_o denmark_n so_o be_v olaus_n son_n to_o haquiâ—â—_n and_o margaret_n king_n and_o queen_n of_o norway_n declare_v king_n of_o denmark_n 3._o because_o from_o his_o mother_n side_n he_o come_v from_o the_o race_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n she_o be_v daughter_n to_o waldemar_n iv._o king_n of_o denmark_n this_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1340._o and_o not_o long_o after_o viz._n about_o the_o year_n 1417._o eric_n the_o same_o margaret_n sister_n son_n 1._o succeed_v here_o in_o the_o kingdom_n upon_o the_o same_o pretension_n have_v be_v by_o she_o receive_v as_o a_o consort_n in_o the_o danish_a empire_n before_o as_o for_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o next_o heir_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n in_o their_o minority_n several_a instance_n also_o may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o ancient_a history_n of_o denmark_n as_o well_o as_o these_o of_o latter_a time_n eric_n about_o the_o year_n 855._o succeed_v his_o father_n siward_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n be_v a_o very_a child_n 3._o from_o whence_o he_o be_v surname_v barn_n which_o
in_o the_o danish_a tongue_n signify_v a_o child_n waldemar_n i._o be_v constitute_v king_n of_o denmark_n about_o the_o year_n 1157._o when_o he_o be_v scarce_o nine_o year_n of_o age_n be_v another_o instance_n in_o this_o kind_n eric_n vii_o 5â—_n also_o son_n of_o king_n christopher_n i._n and_o olaus_n son_n of_o queen_n margaret_n be_v both_o declare_v and_o crown_v king_n of_o denmark_n before_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o age_n of_o eleven_o the_o first_o about_o the_o year_n 1260._o the_o second_o about_o the_o year_n 1340._o and_o eric_n queen_n margaret_n sister_n son_n be_v by_o her_o make_a consort_n in_o the_o government_n when_o he_o be_v a_o child_n neither_o have_v the_o succession_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o next_o heir_n though_o minor_n cease_v since_o the_o oldenburg_n family_n have_v the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n two_o christiern_n i._o have_v his_o son_n john_n declare_v king_n in_o his_o life_n time_n when_o he_o be_v about_o the_o age_n of_o twelve_o likewise_o have_v king_n john_n his_o son_n christiern_n declare_v his_o successor_n when_o he_o be_v not_o above_o six_o year_n of_o age._n joh._n and_o christiern_n iv._o be_v at_o the_o age_n of_o seven_o declare_v successor_n to_o his_o father_n king_n frederick_z then_o live_v and_o have_v receive_v homage_n from_o the_o state_n actual_o succeed_v he_o after_o his_o death_n before_o he_o be_v quite_o eleven_o out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o continual_a succession_n of_o the_o next_o heir_n belong_v to_o the_o royal_a family_n of_o denmark_n both_o male_n and_o female_n and_o that_o also_o in_o their_o minority_n it_o will_v be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o judge_v how_o great_a the_o right_n be_v of_o the_o danish_a royal_a family_n in_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n but_o when_o i_o shall_v have_v demonstrate_v that_o they_o also_o have_v a_o right_a of_o adopt_v not_o only_o but_o also_o by_o testament_n to_o appoint_v their_o successor_n and_o even_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n among_o their_o heir_n it_o will_v then_o i_o think_v be_v evident_a that_o scarce_o ever_o any_o king_n in_o these_o very_a kingdom_n which_o have_v be_v esteem_v way_n heredittry_n can_v pretend_v to_o a_o great_a prerogative_n a_o example_n of_o adoption_n for_o the_o danish_a crown_n 5._o we_o have_v in_o the_o often_o before_o mention_v queen_n margaret_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o son_n olaus_n be_v without_o heir_n do_v not_o only_o constitute_v eric_n her_o sister_n son_n her_o consort_n and_o successor_n in_o the_o danish_a empire_n but_o also_o to_o make_v his_o title_n the_o more_o firm_a do_v adopt_v he_o and_o he_o be_v as_o such_o receiveâ—_n after_o her_o death_n by_o the_o estate_n of_o denmark_n dan._n a_o example_n of_o dispose_n of_o thâ—_n crown_n by_o testament_n albert_n krantâ—_n that_o ancient_n and_o celebrate_a historian_n have_v give_v we_o in_o the_o danish_a king_n haldan_n who_o leave_v by_o his_o last_o will_v the_o kingdom_n to_o unguin_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o estate_n be_v mention_v by_o this_o author_n as_o a_o act_n without_o a_o precedent_n in_o denmark_n at_o that_o time_n as_o for_o the_o division_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n there_o be_v several_a example_n extant_a in_o their_o history_n canute_n i._o surname_v the_o great_a be_v king_n of_o england_n denmark_n and_o norway_n divide_v in_o his_o life-time_n about_o the_o year_n 1030_o the_o three_o kingdom_n without_o consult_v the_o estate_n between_o his_o three_o son_n give_v to_o the_o elder_a harald_n england_n to_o canute_n denmark_n and_o norway_n to_o sueno_n 3._o and_o have_v the_o two_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o norway_n in_o his_o possession_n by_o right_a of_o conquest_n yet_o he_o use_v the_o same_o power_n in_o appoint_v his_o successor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n the_o second_o instance_n of_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o waldemar_n about_o the_o year_n 1170_o who_o have_v call_v together_o the_o estate_n at_o samsoâ—_n he_o have_v his_o son_n waldemar_n crown_v king_n of_o denmark_n after_o which_o another_o son_n be_v bear_v to_o he_o who_o be_v name_n be_v eric_n 1._o he_o declare_v he_o duke_n of_o sleswick_n and_o to_o canute_n another_o son_n of_o his_o he_o assign_v laland_n but_o waldemar_n the_o young_a not_o long_o after_o his_o coronation_n happen_v to_o die_v by_o a_o mischance_n which_o he_o get_v in_o hunt_v king_n waldemar_n make_v a_o new_a division_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o son_n and_o before_o he_o die_v exhort_v they_o to_o unity_n allege_v that_o to_o the_o best_a of_o his_o power_n he_o have_v equitable_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n among_o they_o 8._o and_o the_o several_a province_n so_o assign_v by_o king_n waldemar_n to_o his_o son_n be_v afterward_o devolve_v to_o their_o child_n and_o grandchild_n before_o they_o be_v reunite_v into_o one_o kingdom_n there_o be_v one_o remarkable_a instance_n more_o in_o the_o danish_a history_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n betwixt_o waldemar_n canute_n and_o sueno_n for_o aftere_v the_o death_n of_o eric_n surname_v the_o lamb_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o waldemar_n i._n who_o be_v declare_v king_n before_o contend_v for_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n sueno_n and_o canute_n the_o first_o have_v on_o his_o side_n the_o zealander_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o schonen_fw-mi the_o latter_a the_o jutlander_n be_v at_o last_o tire_v by_o the_o war_n the_o decision_n be_v refer_v to_o waldemar_n i._n 5â—_n who_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n into_o three_o part_n assign_v to_o himself_o jutland_n to_o canute_n zealand_n and_o funen_n and_o to_o sueno_n schonen_fw-mi halland_n and_o blekingen_n and_o that_o all_o three_o shall_v be_v call_v king_n and_o even_o since_o that_o time_n that_o the_o family_n of_o oldenburg_n have_v rule_v in_o denmark_n christiern_n i_o die_a anno_fw-la 1482._o at_o copenhagen_n divide_v the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o by_o testament_n betwixt_o his_o two_o son_n john_n and_o frederick_n give_v to_o the_o elder_a the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o the_o young_a the_o dukedom_n and_o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o when_o afterward_o both_o frederick_n and_o the_o holsteiner_n urge_v the_o execution_n of_o christiern_n i_n will_n it_o be_v allege_v for_o a_o reason_n by_o they_o lâ—â—_n that_o since_o john_n the_o elder_a have_v for_o his_o share_n two_o kingdom_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o reason_n that_o the_o dukedom_n shall_v come_v to_o frederick_n in_o recompensation_n of_o what_o john_n have_v obtain_v true_o if_o the_o succession_n of_o denmark_n have_v be_v precarious_a sweedland_n be_v then_o already_o fall_v off_o from_o denmark_n this_o will_v have_v be_v a_o foolish_a reason_n since_o the_o dukedom_n be_v hereditary_a and_o very_o considerable_a in_o themselves_o the_o young_a will_v have_v have_v much_o the_o better_a share_n 10._o and_o that_o the_o say_v christiern_n i_o have_v a_o right_a of_o dispose_v the_o same_o among_o his_o child_n the_o state_n afterward_o do_v confess_v themselves_o in_o their_o proclamation_n wherein_o have_v publish_v their_o reason_n for_o refuse_v to_o obey_v christiern_n two_o and_o receive_v frederick_n i._o for_o their_o king_n they_o allege_v as_o one_o main_a reason_n for_o frederick_n that_o there_o be_v due_a unto_o he_o his_o patrimonial_a share_n out_o of_o his_o father_n kingdom_n as_o out_o of_o what_o i_o have_v relate_v here_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v how_o ill_o ground_v our_o author_n assertion_n be_v concern_v the_o danish_a government_n so_o he_o that_o will_v be_v so_o curious_a as_o to_o make_v a_o thorough_a search_n into_o the_o danish_a history_n will_v be_v the_o better_o convince_v that_o the_o ancient_a king_n enjoy_v and_o exercise_v the_o same_o prerogative_n which_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o appertain_v to_o other_o hereditary_a kingdom_n in_o europe_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o other_o kingdom_n either_o during_o the_o minority_n of_o some_o king_n or_o else_o by_o the_o division_n of_o the_o kingdom_n betwixt_o several_a heir_n and_o other_o accident_n many_o irregularity_n contest_v war_n and_o slaughter_v have_v happen_v but_o to_o draw_v these_o into_o consequence_n and_o to_o attribute_v the_o villainous_a act_n of_o exasperate_v party_n to_o the_o whole_a government_n be_v to_o overturn_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o history_n and_o at_o once_o to_o charge_v all_o government_n with_o the_o black_a villainy_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v since_o none_o have_v be_v free_a of_o they_o and_o i_o very_o believe_v if_o a_o due_a comparison_n be_v make_v there_o will_v be_v as_o few_o to_o be_v find_v of_o this_o kind_a in_o the_o danish_a history_n as_o in_o any_o in_o christendom_n let_v but_o any_o body_n who_o be_v not_o bias_v by_o his_o own_o opinion_n 6._o look_v into_o
and_o that_o they_o have_v advance_v a_o cruel_a vicious_a tyrannical_a covetous_a or_o wasteful_a person_n they_o frequent_o depose_v he_o oftentimes_o banish_v sometime_o destroy_v he_o and_o this_o either_o formal_o by_o make_v he_o answer_v before_o the_o representative_a body_n of_o the_o people_n or_o if_o by_o ill_a practice_n such_o as_o make_v of_o party_n levy_v of_o soldier_n contract_v of_o alliance_n to_o support_v himself_o in_o opposition_n to_o the_o people_n right_n he_o be_v grow_v too_o powerful_a to_o be_v legal_o contend_v with_o they_o dispatch_v he_o without_o any_o more_o ceremony_n the_o best_a way_n they_o can_v and_o elect_v present_o a_o better_a man_n in_o his_o room_n sometime_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n to_o he_o sometime_o the_o valiant_a man_n that_o have_v expose_v himself_o so_o far_o as_o to_o undertake_v the_o expulsion_n or_o the_o kill_v of_o the_o tyrant_n at_o other_o time_n a_o private_a person_n of_o good_a reputation_n who_o possible_o least_o 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tell_v of_o frequent_o depose_v and_o banish_v nay_o even_o destroy_v their_o king_n either_o formal_o or_o without_o ceremony_n by_o some_o valiant_a hand_n who_o for_o his_o meritorious_a act_n of_o kill_v or_o expel_v the_o tyrant_n use_v to_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v so_o much_o against_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o ancient_a dane_n describe_v in_o true_a history_n that_o these_o extravagancy_n can_v be_v look_v upon_o by_o judicious_a person_n otherwise_o than_o self-invented_n notion_n fit_v to_o the_o humour_n of_o some_o self-conceited_a politician_n but_o always_o esteem_v by_o the_o more_o understanding_n sort_n as_o most_o pernicious_a to_o human_a society_n to_o make_v this_o appear_v the_o better_a what_o if_o we_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o the_o dane_n be_v so_o far_o from_o adhere_v to_o such_o barbarous_a practice_n or_o choose_v their_o king_n by_o courtesy_n that_o the_o law_n of_o succession_n be_v so_o sacred_a with_o they_o that_o that_o kingdom_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v call_v hereditary_a if_o any_o one_o ever_o be_v in_o this_o gentleman_n opinion_n to_o be_v esteem_v as_o such_o in_o europe_n than_o elective_a not_o to_o mention_v here_o the_o time_n before_o charles_n the_o great_a the_o history_n of_o those_o country_n before_o that_o time_n be_v infect_v with_o many_o fabulous_a relation_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o year_n 804_o p._n c._n n._n when_o gotricus_n brother_n to_o his_o predecessor_n sigifrid_n be_v declare_v king_n of_o denmark_n leave_v that_o crown_n to_o his_o son_n olaus_n from_o who_o it_o always_o descend_v in_o the_o same_o line_n to_o the_o next_o heir_n till_o after_o the_o death_n of_o margaret_n queen_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n which_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1414._o thus_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n have_v be_v in_o a_o perpetual_a lineal_a succession_n of_o one_o family_n for_o above_o 600_o year_n and_o the_o say_v margaret_n have_v no_o issue_n she_o have_v in_o her_o life_n time_n crown_v eric_n viii_o her_o sister_n son_n who_o have_v leave_v denmark_n and_o resign_v the_o crown_n after_o a_o anarchy_n of_o six_o year_n in_o his_o place_n be_v constitute_v christopher_n iii_o eric_n sister_n son_n who_o be_v mother_n be_v also_o niece_n to_o the_o above_o name_v queen_n margaret_n this_o christopher_n die_v without_o heir_n as_o do_v also_o his_o sister_n before_o he_o the_o most_o ancient_a race_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n be_v then_o extinguish_v about_o the_o year_n 1448._o only_o that_o there_o be_v leave_v adolph_n viii_o duke_n of_o sleswick_n and_o count_n of_o holstein_n be_v son_n to_o a_o nephew_n of_o woldemar_n iv._o to_o who_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n be_v offer_v by_o the_o state_n he_o refuse_v the_o same_o as_o have_v no_o child_n the_o crown_n be_v thus_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o state_n yet_o be_v they_o so_o religious_a in_o observe_v their_o ancient_n right_o of_o succession_n that_o they_o choose_v christian_a count_n of_o oldenburg_n for_o their_o king_n as_o be_v son_n of_o hedwig_n sister_n of_o adolph_n duke_n of_o sleswick_n and_o consequent_o be_v relate_v to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o ancient_a danish_a king_n his_o son_n john_n succeed_v he_o constitute_v with_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n his_o son_n christian_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o be_v afterward_o declare_v by_o the_o state_n who_o have_v now_o acquire_v a_o great_a power_n incapable_a of_o the_o crown_n as_o have_v reign_v very_o tyrannical_o over_o they_o and_o in_o his_o stead_n frederick_n i._o brother_n of_o john_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o uncle_n to_o christiern_n be_v make_v their_o king_n and_o i_o think_v it_o be_v a_o remarkable_a instance_n that_o even_o at_o that_o time_n the_o state_n of_o denmark_n do_v not_o esteem_v it_o belong_v to_o themselves_o to_o alter_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n when_o they_o do_v not_o only_o choose_v 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also_o of_o his_o majesty_n himself_o and_o the_o parliament_n also_o sometime_o if_o every_o thing_n do_v not_o exact_o agree_v with_o their_o conceit_a rule_n of_o govern_v and_o that_o at_o a_o time_n when_o both_o king_n and_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v mutual_o labour_v for_o the_o repose_n and_o happiness_n of_o those_o kingdom_n i_o will_v ask_v any_o body_n of_o common_a sense_n if_o one_o who_o have_v perhaps_o from_o other_o only_o learn_v the_o rule_n of_o navigation_n and_o peep_v a_o little_a into_o the_o sea-card_n shall_v pretend_v to_o instruct_v old_a commander_n of_o ship_n how_o to_o steer_v with_o advantage_n how_o to_o avoid_v such_o hide_a bank_n as_o lay_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o near_o several_a coast_n and_o how_o to_o manage_v a_o ship_n in_o case_n of_o tempest_n will_v not_o he_o deserve_o be_v laugh_v at_o by_o every_o body_n and_o whether_o those_o who_o shall_v trust_v a_o ship_n to_o his_o management_n will_v not_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v out_o of_o their_o wit_n yet_o these_o câ—amber-politicians_n find_v their_o admirer_n here_o and_o be_v vain_a enough_o to_o imagine_v that_o they_o can_v manage_v the_o helm_n of_o our_o government_n better_o than_o those_o to_o who_o the_o same_o by_o our_o law_n be_v commit_v and_o have_v give_v sufficient_a proof_n both_o of_o their_o fidelity_n and_o ability_n and_o here_o i_o can_v forbear_v to_o insert_v what_o be_v relate_v of_o that_o great_a general_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n hannibal_n because_o it_o seem_v to_o agree_v in_o most_o of_o its_o circumstance_n with_o what_o i_o have_v say_v before_o hannibal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o banishment_n from_o carthage_n come_v to_o ephesus_n where_o at_o that_o time_n be_v a_o famous_a philosopher_n phormio_n much_o admire_v especial_o by_o the_o ephesian_n among_o other_o diversion_n wherewith_o they_o entertain_v hannibal_n they_o will_v by_o all_o mean_n invite_v he_o to_o hear_v their_o so_o much_o belove_v 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this_o war_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o ally_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o sufficient_a bulwark_n against_o any_o attempt_n from_o france_n upon_o we_o nay_o that_o upon_o all_o occasion_n we_o be_v able_a alone_o to_o beat_v the_o french_a by_o sea_n and_o land_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o our_o ally_n this_o vain_a belief_n of_o our_o own_o strength_n be_v the_o trap_n which_o the_o french_a twenty_o year_n ago_o when_o first_o they_o begin_v to_o bid_v fair_a for_o the_o universal_a monarchy_n know_v how_o to_o make_v good_a use_n of_o to_o catch_v we_o withal_o at_o their_o own_o time_n i_o remember_v very_o well_o that_o come_v some_o time_n before_o the_o peace_n at_o nimuegen_n out_o of_o france_n and_o have_v have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o pass_v along_o the_o rhine_n and_o afterward_o through_o flanders_n where_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o war_n than_o lie_v i_o at_o my_o return_n hither_o will_v often_o relate_v to_o my_o friend_n what_o i_o think_v and_o have_v as_o a_o 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ecclesiastic_n encourage_v we_o to_o travel_v in_o these_o word_n the_o jesuit_n have_v bring_v several_a maxim_n as_o well_o as_o sum_n of_o money_n from_o as_o far_o off_o as_o china_n or_o japan_n thereby_o improve_n their_o knowledge_n etc._n etc._n these_o man_n who_o firm_a adherence_n to_o the_o most_o exquisite_a tyranny_n be_v manifest_a by_o their_o indefatigable_a endeavour_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o french_a king_n interest_n as_o former_o of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n whilst_o it_o be_v in_o its_o height_n have_v by_o these_o art_n ingross_v to_o themselves_o the_o education_n of_o the_o youth_n in_o all_o popish_a country_n the_o lutheran_n priest_n who_o have_v a_o entire_a dependence_n on_o their_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v entrust_v with_o the_o like_a in_o those_o country_n which_o observe_v the_o confession_n of_o ausburg_n they_o also_o send_v abroad_o some_o of_o their_o hopeful_a young_a student_n several_a of_o which_o may_v be_v meet_v with_o at_o oxford_n cambridge_n and_o paris_n the_o use_n they_o make_v of_o travel_n be_v not_o only_o to_o improve_v their_o knowledge_n in_o science_n but_o to_o learn_v fit_a method_n to_o please_v their_o sovereign_n at_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o people_n liberty_n etc._n etc._n and_o a_o little_a further_o but_o the_o same_o travel_n will_v afford_v the_o best_a antidote_n against_o this_o poison_n and_o teach_v a_o gentleman_n who_o make_v right_a use_n of_o it_o by_o what_o step_v slavery_n have_v within_o these_o last_o 200_o year_n creep_v upon_o europe_n most_o of_o the_o protestant_n as_o well_o as_o popish_a country_n have_v in_o a_o manner_n quite_o lose_v the_o precious_a jewel_n liberty_n this_o can_v be_v attribute_v to_o any_o more_o probable_a cause_n than_o the_o enslave_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o people_n as_o a_o preparative_a to_o that_o of_o their_o body_n for_o since_o
of_o all_o his_o worm-eaten_a antiquity_n whether_o greek_n or_o roman_n a_o family_n by_o a_o continual_a succession_n of_o time_n so_o abound_v with_o champion_n for_o their_o country_n as_o his_o majesty_n or_o any_o one_o of_o the_o ancient_a hero_n surpass_v his_o majesty_n in_o valour_n prudence_n and_o justice_n it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v admire_v why_o among_o so_o many_o roman_n eminent_a for_o their_o virtue_n he_o can_v not_o pick_v out_o any_o other_o to_o put_v as_o example_n sententiâ—â—â—_n beside_o cato_n and_o brutus_n cato_n be_v always_o censure_v by_o all_o understand_a politician_n for_o have_v more_o surliness_n in_o he_o than_o be_v useful_a to_o the_o state_n and_o brutus_n commit_v the_o black_a villainy_n against_o his_o friend_n and_o murder_v he_o to_o who_o he_o owe_v more_o than_o to_o his_o parent_n neither_o be_v the_o matter_n much_o mend_v by_o excuse_v his_o villainy_n with_o the_o pretence_n of_o public_a liberty_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v that_o he_o and_o cassius_n take_v upon_o themselves_o the_o same_o title_n of_o imperator_n as_o caesar_n have_v do_v it_o be_v evident_a enough_o to_o all_o sensible_a man_n that_o they_o intend_v to_o play_v the_o same_o game_n if_o not_o a_o worse_o since_o they_o be_v far_o behind_o he_o in_o every_o respect_n and_o if_o a_o pretence_n of_o liberty_n be_v sufficient_a to_o warrant_v the_o black_a crime_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o ravaillac_n and_o other_o of_o that_o stamp_n shall_v not_o claim_v the_o same_o privilege_n since_o questionless_a the_o pretence_n of_o their_o principle_n of_o religion_n be_v as_o specious_a as_o those_o of_o liberty_n methinks_v our_o author_n show_v in_o this_o point_n especial_o a_o little_a too_o much_o inclination_n to_o such_o as_o rail_v with_o great_a violence_n against_o the_o jesuit_n yet_o have_v not_o lay_v aside_o their_o doctrine_n of_o sacrifice_v either_o king_n friend_n relation_n or_o kindred_n when_o ever_o they_o be_v possess_v with_o the_o frensical_a humour_n that_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o prejudice_n of_o their_o pretend_a right_n which_o they_o know_v how_o to_o deduce_v with_o as_o many_o florid_n speech_n as_o ever_o the_o whimsical_a concedito_fw-la greek_n and_o some_o of_o the_o concedito_fw-la iniquus_fw-la roman_n do_v when_o they_o intend_v to_o impose_v upon_o the_o people_n under_o the_o pretext_n of_o public_a liberty_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o concern_v our_o author_n new_a broach_v rule_n of_o policy_n as_o also_o the_o digression_n he_o make_v upon_o the_o most_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o government_n in_o europe_n but_o because_o these_o remark_n be_v grow_v almost_o as_o monstrous_a in_o bigness_n as_o the_o preface_n itself_o and_o we_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o treat_v of_o these_o point_n hereafter_o when_o he_o in_o the_o treatise_n represent_v the_o form_n of_o government_n in_o denmark_n and_o other_o country_n we_o will_v supersede_n it_o here_o as_o also_o what_o he_o say_v according_a to_o his_o romantic_a way_n that_o in_o spain_n italy_n and_o france_n slavery_n be_v not_o so_o conspicuous_a but_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n it_o appear_v in_o its_o true_a shape_n since_o something_o of_o that_o will_v be_v say_v in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o treatise_n where_o he_o speak_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n but_o what_o he_o say_v that_o it_o be_v now_o or_o never_o seasonable_a to_o assert_v both_o the_o people_n right_a and_o his_o majesty_n title_n be_v like_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o vanity_n since_o god_n know_v he_o have_v not_o say_v one_o word_n far_o of_o it_o and_o it_o will_v have_v be_v but_o common_a wisdom_n not_o to_o have_v insert_v thing_n of_o that_o high_a moment_n in_o a_o transitory_a way_n among_o his_o fantastical_a conceit_n especial_o at_o a_o time_n when_o the_o people_n enjoy_v their_o legal_a liberty_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o a_o wise_a just_a and_o brave_a king_n who_o title_n be_v so_o general_o approve_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o and_o especial_o our_o age_n and_o more_o particular_o by_o the_o general_a approbation_n of_o all_o europe_n and_o all_o good_a man_n in_o these_o kingdom_n i_o conclude_v with_o the_o great_a roman_a politician_n and_o philosopher_n nihil_fw-la est_fw-la temeritate_fw-la turpius_fw-la nec_fw-la quidquam_fw-la tam_fw-la indignum_fw-la sapientis_fw-la gravitate_fw-la &_o constantia_fw-la quam_fw-la aut_fw-la falsum_fw-la sentire_fw-la aut_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la satis_fw-la exploratè_fw-la perceptum_fw-la aut_fw-la cognitum_fw-la sit_fw-la sine_fw-la ulla_fw-la dubitatione_n defendere_fw-la ic_fw-mi lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr nature_n deor._n remark_n upon_o the_o treatise_n call_v a_o account_n of_o denmark_n the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o treatise_n itself_o have_v nothing_o material_a in_o it_o beside_o a_o general_a geographical_a description_n of_o the_o territory_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n do_v not_o require_v any_o further_a observation_n and_o if_o the_o author_n in_o some_o other_o matter_n have_v as_o he_o have_v do_v in_o this_o rather_o follow_v the_o footstep_n of_o authentic_a writer_n than_o his_o sensible_a and_o grave_a man_n as_o he_o call_v they_o in_o this_o chapter_n who_o have_v mislead_v he_o for_o the_o most_o part_n into_o a_o conceit_n of_o his_o own_o knowledge_n and_o a_o ill-grounded_a experience_n instead_o of_o truth_n we_o may_v have_v supersede_v to_o extend_v these_o remark_n so_o far_o as_o we_o be_v oblige_v now_o to_o do_v we_o will_v therefore_o go_v on_o to_o the_o second_o chapter_n where_o he_o speak_v thus_o concern_v the_o island_n of_o zealand_n it_o be_v almost_o of_o a_o circular_a figure_n and_o contain_v about_o 180_o english_a mile_n in_o circumference_n i_o can_v commend_v its_o fertility_n there_o be_v no_o bread_n corn_n grow_v in_o any_o part_n of_o it_o except_o rye_n which_o indeed_o be_v in_o good_a quantity_n and_o whereof_o most_o of_o their_o bread_n be_v make_v etc._n etc._n it_o have_v no_o river_n nor_o above_o half_a a_o score_n brooks_n that_o be_v able_a to_o turn_v a_o mill_n etc._n etc._n about_o one_o four_o part_n of_o it_o be_v forrest_n lie_v open_a for_o the_o king_n be_v hunt_v and_o his_o game_n such_o as_o stag_n wild_a boar_n roe_n buck_n etc._n etc._n these_o be_v such_o sacred_a thing_n that_o no_o body_n dare_v touch_v they_o though_o they_o find_v they_o in_o whole_a herd_n destroy_v their_o corn_n to_o the_o infinite_a yearly_a damage_n of_o the_o poor_a peasant_n etc._n etc._n for_o seaport_n that_o most_o excellent_a one_o belong_v to_o copenhagen_n must_v make_v amends_o for_o the_o want_n of_o they_o not_o only_o in_o this_o but_o many_o other_o of_o the_o island_n there_o be_v few_o other_o that_o i_o know_v of_o capable_a of_o harbour_v a_o vessel_n of_o 200_o tun_n etc._n etc._n neither_o be_v this_o a_o sensible_a want_n because_o there_o be_v no_o commodity_n in_o this_o island_n for_o exportation_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o forty_o year_n ago_o ten_o or_o twelve_o dutch_a fly-boat_n find_v yearly_a their_o lade_n at_o kiog_n a_o pretty_a flourish_a town_n at_o that_o time_n within_o twenty_o english_a mile_n of_o copenhagen_n but_o of_o late_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v well_o satisfy_v if_o the_o product_n of_o the_o isle_n maintain_v in_o this_o sort_n of_o grain_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o it_o not_o that_o the_o number_n of_o these_o be_v increase_v but_o husbandry_n be_v not_o so_o much_o encourage_v now_o as_o when_o the_o tax_n of_o the_o poor_a country_n people_n be_v less_o frequent_a and_o grievous_a etc._n etc._n the_o feed_n of_o the_o commonalty_n general_o throughout_o all_o denmark_n be_v very_o mean_a the_o burgher_n or_o citizen_n sustain_v themselves_o with_o rye_n bread_n sale_n flesh_n stock_n fish_n bacon_n and_o very_o bad_a cheese_n insomuch_o that_o the_o inspecter_n of_o our_o market_n in_o england_n who_o use_v to_o destory_n or_o send_v to_o the_o prison_n all_o such_o victual_n as_o be_v not_o judge_v wholesome_a will_v if_o they_o find_v they_o no_o better_o provide_v than_o at_o copenhagen_n go_v near_o to_o empty_v the_o market_n and_o leave_v little_a so_o either_o buyer_n or_o seller_n the_o peasant_n live_v on_o root_n white_a meat_n and_o rye_n bread_n feldom_o taste_v fresh_a fish_n and_o scarce_o ever_o flesh_n unless_o on_o some_o extraordinary_a festival_n as_o on_o st._n martin_n eve_n when_o each_o family_n in_o denmark_n without_o fail_n make_v merry_a with_o a_o roast_a goose_n at_o supper_n here_o and_o in_o all_o denmark_n be_v but_o two_o season_n of_o the_o year_n winter_n and_o summer_n those_o two_o other_o more_o agreeable_a one_o of_o spring_n and_o autumn_n not_o be_v common_o know_v the_o spring_n never_o and_o the_o autumn_n seldom_o etc._n etc._n the_o principal_a thing_n of_o this_o island_n and_o indeed_o of_o all_o denmark_n be_v the_o city_n of_o copenhagen_n and_o the_o passage_n
of_o the_o sound_n i_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o city_n the_o rather_o because_o when_o i_o have_v do_v with_o that_o i_o have_v little_o more_o to_o say_v of_o any_o other_o in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n there_o be_v no_o other_o belong_v to_o he_o much_o better_a than_o our_o town_n of_o st._n alban_n thus_o far_o our_o author_n this_o island_n of_o zealand_n contain_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o denmark_n and_o be_v the_o place_n of_o residence_n of_o its_o king_n and_o consequent_o more_o frequent_v by_o stranger_n than_o most_o of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n we_o may_v have_v just_o expect_v a_o more_o exact_a account_n thereof_o than_o of_o the_o rest_n which_o how_o it_o have_v be_v perform_v will_v be_v worth_a our_o take_a notice_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o zealand_n he_o make_v to_o be_v â—80_n english_a miles_n when_o i_o be_o surre_n i_o can_v never_o meet_v with_o any_o body_n whether_o daâ—e_n or_o other_o foreigner_n that_o know_v this_o island_n but_o all_o confirm_a what_o i_o have_v observe_v as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v before_o that_o the_o length_n of_o this_o island_n be_v about_o 20_o danish_a league_n and_o if_o you_o do_v reckon_v but_o a_o danish_a league_n to_o consist_v of_o four_o english_a mile_n as_o certain_o they_o do_v at_o least_o the_o circumference_n which_o this_o gentleman_n himself_o be_v please_v to_o make_v almost_o circular_a must_v by_o computation_n amount_v to_o 240_o english_a mile_n which_o be_v 60_o more_o than_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o author_n description_n and_o according_a to_o this_o calculation_n you_o must_v give_v grain_n of_o allowance_n for_o all_o the_o rest_n he_o can_v say_v he_o recommend_v its_o fertility_n there_o be_v no_o bread_n corn_n grow_v there_o in_o any_o part_n except_o rye_n but_o he_o have_v forget_v that_o there_o also_o grow_v wheat_n in_o some_o part_n and_o barley_n almost_o every_o where_o in_o abundance_n as_o also_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o oat_n he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v few_o port_n in_o this_o and_o many_o other_o of_o these_o island_n capable_a of_o harbour_v a_o vessel_n of_o 200_o tun_n neither_o that_o this_o be_v a_o sensible_a want_n because_o there_o be_v no_o commodity_n in_o this_o island_n for_o exportation_n i_o must_v confess_v he_o have_v be_v a_o little_a more_o modest_a in_o this_o assertion_n than_o in_o any_o other_o before_o have_v add_v the_o word_n that_o i_o know_v of_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n that_o his_o grave_a and_o sensible_a man_n can_v not_o instruct_v he_o better_o they_o must_v for_o all_o their_o gravity_n have_v be_v either_o very_a ignorant_a or_o else_o very_o negligent_a in_o not_o tell_v he_o that_o in_o this_o very_a island_n of_o zealand_n be_v other_o city_n and_o port_n not_o to_o speak_v in_o this_o place_n of_o those_o in_o the_o other_o island_n which_o shall_v he_o mention_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n which_o can_v and_o do_v harbour_v ship_n of_o above_o 200_o tun_n and_o that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o considerable_a want_n if_o these_o place_n be_v not_o in_o that_o island_n since_o from_o corsoer_n a_o place_n well_o fortify_v with_o a_o castle_n and_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o this_o island_n on_o the_o great_a belt_n over_o against_o nyburgh_n in_o funen_n a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o barley_n be_v yearly_o export_v to_o holland_n as_o be_v do_v likewise_o from_o holbeck_n but_o more_o especial_o from_o calenburgh_n which_o be_v a_o well_o build_v place_n exceed_v st._n alban_n in_o every_o respect_n and_o have_v a_o very_a good_a port_n capable_a of_o harbour_v ship_n of_o a_o much_o great_a burden_n than_o 200_o tun_n stand_v about_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o english_a mile_n north_n of_o corsoer_n in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o this_o island_n be_v also_o a_o place_n call_v nestw_v situate_v on_o a_o navigable_a river_n which_o extend_v itself_o much_o high_o into_o the_o country_n though_o our_o author_n have_v be_v please_v to_o allow_v none_o at_o all_o here_o from_o whence_o there_o be_v a_o considerable_a trade_n to_o lubeck_n and_o if_o from_o kiog_n a_o inconsiderable_a place_n in_o comparison_n of_o these_o place_n we_o have_v now_o mention_v but_o particular_o remember_v by_o this_o gentleman_n when_o he_o forget_v the_o rest_n there_o use_v former_o to_o go_v a_o few_o fly-boat_n to_o holland_n there_o go_v more_o now_o from_o thence_o to_o norwegen_n with_o malt._n i_o will_v not_o insist_v now_o upon_o some_o of_o less_o note_n as_o schelsoer_n and_o warburg_n though_o the_o last_o of_o these_o have_v be_v famous_a in_o our_o age_n because_o charles_n king_n of_o sweden_n in_o his_o first_o expedition_n against_o denmark_n anno_fw-la 1657._o do_v set_v first_o footing_n there_o as_o he_o do_v afterward_o in_o his_o second_o anno_fw-la 1658._o at_o cursoer_n when_o i_o consider_v with_o myself_o that_o this_o gentleman_n have_v not_o as_o much_o as_o make_v the_o least_o mention_n of_o these_o beforementioned_a place_n and_o how_o much_o this_o contradict_v his_o norion_n he_o have_v set_v down_o of_o this_o island_n of_o zealand_n as_o also_o that_o not_o so_o much_o as_o any_o place_n have_v be_v name_v by_o he_o lie_v beyond_o elsinore_n cronenburgh_n &_o king_n the_o most_o remote_a of_o which_o be_v within_o 20_o english_a mile_n of_o copenhagen_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v very_o obvious_a that_o both_o his_o own_o knowledge_n and_o that_o of_o his_o grave_a and_o sensible_a teacher_n do_v not_o reach_n much_o far_o and_o what_o may_v confirm_v any_o body_n in_o this_o opinion_n be_v that_o he_o tell_v we_o a_o most_o dismal_a story_n of_o whole_a herd_n of_o stag_n wild_a boar_n and_o roâ—_n buck_n who_o he_o call_v sacred_a thing_n destroy_v the_o poor_a peasant_n corn_n when_o it_o be_v sufficient_o know_v that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o kingdom_n to_o be_v find_v where_o there_o be_v not_o provision_n make_v for_o preserve_v the_o royal_a game_n against_o the_o rapaciousness_n of_o the_o peasant_n and_o other_o vagabond_n and_o though_o there_o be_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o forest_n royal_a and_o wild_a beast_n in_o this_o island_n yet_o be_v a_o effectual_a care_n take_v that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v destructive_a to_o the_o country_n since_o not_o only_o every_o nobleman_n who_o possess_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n not_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n here_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o hunt_v and_o shoot_v in_o their_o own_o lordship_n or_o territory_n but_o also_o the_o court_n by_o frequent_a hunt_n kill_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o and_o the_o king_n keep_v in_o every_o part_n a_o certain_a number_n of_o huntsman_n who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o preserve_v the_o country_n from_o receive_v damage_n by_o these_o wild_a beast_n but_o leave_v the_o wild_a beast_n we_o must_v also_o see_v what_o he_o say_v concern_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o denmark_n who_o feed_v if_o this_o gentleman_n be_v to_o be_v believe_v be_v very_o mean_a and_o the_o burgher_n and_o citizen_n sustain_v themselves_o with_o rye_n bread_n salt_n flesh_n stock_n fish_n bacon_n and_o very_o bad_a cheese_n here_o you_o see_v the_o fare_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o that_o of_o those_o who_o live_v in_o the_o city_n for_o the_o poor_a peasant_n fare_v worse_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o this_o gentleman_n happen_v to_o light_n into_o some_o black-smith_n or_o other_o their_o like_a mechanic_n house_n in_o copenhagen_n who_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o these_o northern_a country_n be_v oblige_v to_o find_v their_o journeyman_n with_o victual_n at_o their_o house_n where_o they_o work_v make_v use_n of_o such_o dish_n as_o our_o author_n have_v be_v please_v to_o mention_v here_o but_o if_o he_o have_v be_v acquaint_v in_o burgher_n or_o citizen_n house_n of_o a_o high_a degree_n he_o will_v have_v meet_v also_o with_o another_o sort_n of_o victual_n it_o be_v so_o general_o object_v as_o a_o fault_n to_o the_o northern_a nation_n that_o they_o be_v too_o liberal_a and_o hospitable_a in_o their_o house_n and_o that_o they_o mind_n eat_v and_o drink_v more_o than_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o i_o wonder_v how_o this_o gentleman_n can_v think_v upon_o it_o except_o he_o take_v a_o particular_a pride_n to_o be_v singular_a and_o to_o tâ—ll_v we_o miracle_n which_o be_v never_o see_v or_o hear_v of_o before_o his_o arrival_n in_o denmark_n i_o may_v say_v it_o without_o vanity_n that_o the_o northern_a part_n be_v very_o well_o know_v to_o i_o and_o perhaps_o as_o well_o as_o to_o this_o gentleman_n and_o this_o i_o can_v affirm_v for_o a_o truth_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v confirm_v by_o hundred_o in_o this_o town_n that_o the_o abovesaid_a objection_n of_o the_o author_n be_v utter_o contrary_a to_o the_o experience_n of_o all_o
prepossess_v with_o the_o conceit_n of_o a_o gothick_n and_o tumultuous_a sort_n of_o government_n will_v assert_v and_o here_o if_o we_o shall_v inquire_v into_o the_o original_n of_o prince_n and_o king_n which_o our_o author_n pretend_v to_o have_v do_v in_o a_o few_o line_n at_o several_a time_n and_o place_n we_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o go_v much_o beyond_o the_o design_n of_o these_o remark_n since_o to_o understand_a man_n it_o be_v apparent_a enough_o that_o if_o the_o author_n be_v whole_a book_n have_v be_v employ_v upon_o that_o point_n only_o it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v sufficient_a so_o much_o as_o to_o touch_v the_o chief_a head_n of_o so_o ample_a a_o subject_n i_o will_v only_o say_v that_o i_o can_v sufficient_o admire_v why_o this_o gentleman_n be_v so_o mighty_o take_v with_o these_o time_n when_o spain_n and_o england_n be_v divide_v the_o first_o into_o thirteen_o and_o the_o latter_a into_o seven_o or_o more_o peculiar_a government_n consider_v that_o they_o be_v perhaps_o the_o worst_a of_o time_n ever_o these_o country_n see_v neither_o can_v any_o last_a peace_n be_v settle_v till_o instead_o of_o the_o same_o one_o head_n have_v the_o management_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n but_o before_o we_o leave_v this_o subject_a we_o must_v say_v something_o concern_v germany_n and_o sweden_n for_o every_o one_o ought_v to_o know_v say_v he_o how_o great_a the_o right_n of_o the_o people_n be_v very_o late_o in_o the_o elective_a kingdom_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n if_o every_o one_o ought_v to_o know_v he_o may_v have_v say_v a_o little_a more_o of_o it_o since_o else_o few_o will_v know_v it_o for_o he_o what_o clear_a a_o notion_n this_o gentleman_n have_v concern_v elective_a kingdom_n will_v better_o appear_v hereafter_o when_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v upon_o the_o question_n whither_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n have_v be_v hereditary_a or_o elective_a but_o as_o for_o the_o right_n of_o the_o people_n in_o sweden_n why_o they_o shall_v so_o much_o vary_v from_o the_o same_o that_o they_o be_v late_o he_o will_v have_v do_v well_o to_o have_v explain_v a_o little_a i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o nobility_n that_o compose_v former_o the_o senate_n there_o have_v be_v considerable_o clip_v and_o that_o about_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o year_n ago_o when_o that_o kingdom_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o this_o present_a king_n be_v partly_o through_o mismanagement_n partly_o through_o the_o war_n with_o the_o empire_n and_o denmark_n miserable_o exhaust_v the_o estate_n then_o find_v themselves_o not_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o restore_v matter_n without_o extraordinary_a subsidy_n which_o can_v not_o easy_o be_v levy_v upon_o the_o subject_n do_v then_o advise_v the_o king_n to_o oblige_v such_o of_o his_o subject_n as_o have_v by_o the_o profuseness_n of_o some_o of_o his_o predecessor_n or_o other_o mean_n acquire_v to_o themselves_o vast_a estate_n and_o other_o advantage_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n to_o restore_v the_o same_o which_o be_v execute_v according_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a proffer_v the_o same_o voluntary_o the_o rest_n be_v oblige_v to_o follow_v their_o example_n as_o by_o these_o mean_v the_o king_n be_v enable_v to_o restore_v the_o decay_a state_n of_o the_o militia_n and_o army_n so_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o his_o revenue_n be_v great_o increase_v as_o well_o as_o his_o power_n yet_o be_v from_o hence_o not_o necessary_o to_o be_v conclude_v that_o the_o right_n of_o the_o people_n be_v lose_v since_o the_o four_o estate_n of_o the_o nobility_n clergy_n citizen_n and_o peasant_n have_v thereby_o not_o surrender_v any_o thing_n of_o their_o native_a right_n though_o perhaps_o some_o particular_a person_n have_v feel_v the_o smart_n of_o it_o germany_n be_v free_a than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n say_v our_o author_n but_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v remember_v that_o this_o be_v in_o those_o day_n when_o every_o body_n be_v his_o own_o master_n there_o they_o live_v more_o like_o the_o tartar_n do_v now_o than_o like_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o european_n and_o if_o they_o have_v continue_v in_o that_o so_o much_o admire_v state_n of_o liberty_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v germany_n will_v not_o have_v come_v into_o that_o flourish_a condition_n it_o have_v be_v in_o since_o if_o it_o be_v for_o my_o purpose_n here_o to_o enlarge_v me self_o upon_o this_o matter_n i_o can_v show_v easy_a enough_o that_o these_o who_o our_o author_n call_v captain_n prince_n elector_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o first_o restorer_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o germany_n that_o they_o be_v the_o founder_n of_o its_o greatness_n and_o upholder_n of_o the_o same_o after_o this_o country_n be_v conquer_a by_o charles_n the_o great_a i_o can_v show_v he_o that_o there_o be_v the_o bishop_n in_o germany_n before_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o that_o those_o institute_v by_o he_o for_o all_o their_o double_a sword_n of_o flesh_n and_o spirit_n have_v not_o be_v arm_v sufficient_o so_o to_o subdue_v the_o german_n but_o that_o in_o the_o most_o part_v the_o ancient_a liberty_n have_v be_v preserve_v under_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o some_o have_v be_v able_a to_o find_v way_n to_o free_v themselves_o quite_o from_o it_o and_o thus_o much_o i_o will_v only_o say_v in_o the_o vindication_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a as_o he_o have_v lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o what_o germany_n be_v now_o who_o our_o author_n make_v bold_a to_o call_v bigoted_a that_o as_o able_a head-piece_n as_o this_o gentleman_n and_o these_o some_o what_o better_o verse_v in_o the_o german_a constitution_n than_o he_o can_v pretend_v to_o have_v so_o great_o approve_v of_o the_o method_n that_o that_o great_a emperor_n take_v in_o unite_n so_o vast_a a_o country_n both_o in_o law_n and_o religion_n that_o his_o vain_a and_o confident_a assertion_n will_v prove_v ridiculous_a to_o all_o who_o have_v have_v any_o true_a insight_n into_o the_o affair_n of_o germany_n i_o must_v add_v something_o more_o concern_v poland_n which_o he_o say_v be_v the_o only_a kingdom_n beside_o this_o island_n and_o ireland_n where_o parliament_n be_v not_o lose_v to_o show_v what_o sort_n of_o parliament_n be_v to_o be_v find_v there_o that_o so_o every_o body_n may_v be_v able_a to_o judge_v how_o far_o the_o polish_v parliament_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o english_a both_o in_o their_o proceed_n and_o fundamental_a constitution_n it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v know_v that_o there_o be_v but_o two_o sort_n of_o people_n beside_o the_o king_n in_o poland_n that_o can_v just_o be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o government_n viz._n the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n the_o citizen_n and_o peasant_n be_v total_o exclude_v from_o the_o same_o and_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n subject_v either_o to_o the_o clergy_n or_o the_o nobility_n the_o few_o to_o the_o king_n and_o though_o the_o city_n in_o the_o regal_a prussia_n enjoy_v a_o great_a share_n of_o freedom_n as_o have_v their_o own_o constitution_n and_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o the_o diet_n yet_o be_v their_o number_n so_o inconsiderable_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o rest_n that_o it_o scarce_o come_v into_o consideration_n the_o king_n be_v chief_a advantage_n be_v that_o he_o have_v a_o considerable_a revenue_n allow_v he_o and_o have_v the_o choose_n of_o all_o the_o officer_n both_o civil_a and_o military_a but_o the_o great_a officer_n especial_o those_o who_o by_o their_o place_n be_v member_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o also_o all_o the_o senator_n have_v their_o office_n grant_v they_o ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la so_o that_o when_o once_o put_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o same_o they_o have_v not_o any_o dependence_n further_o from_o the_o king_n the_o two_o archbishop_n and_o other_o bishop_n as_o they_o owe_v their_o promotion_n chief_o to_o the_o pope_n though_o they_o be_v nominate_v by_o the_o king_n and_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o king_n jurisdiction_n so_o they_o have_v vast_a possession_n which_o depend_v only_o from_o they_o have_v therefore_o a_o great_a if_o not_o the_o great_a sway_n in_o the_o senate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o both_o the_o spiritual_a lord_n as_o also_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o noble_n who_o compose_v the_o senate_n have_v the_o place_n of_o the_o best_a profit_n in_o their_o possession_n and_o maintain_v in_o their_o palace_n a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o nobility_n become_v thereby_o so_o powerful_a that_o it_o may_v just_o be_v say_v that_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a governor_n of_o the_o realm_n since_o the_o king_n can_v do_v any_o public_a matter_n of_o moment_n without_o they_o as_o be_v by_o their_o constitution_n his_o constant_a adviser_n and_o director_n the_o
deputy_n of_o the_o province_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o nobility_n be_v only_o call_v together_o when_o matter_n of_o the_o high_a moment_n be_v to_o be_v consult_v or_o conclude_v these_o be_v in_o former_a time_n never_o to_o meet_v but_o in_o case_n of_o agree_v to_o a_o new_a tax_n resolve_v beforehand_o in_o the_o senate_n but_o within_o these_o hundred_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o their_o power_n be_v so_o much_o increase_v that_o they_o claim_v a_o right_a to_o be_v consult_v with_o in_o all_o public_a matter_n of_o great_a moment_n the_o senate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v the_o constant_a council_n of_o the_o king_n the_o member_n whereof_o as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v constitute_v by_o the_o king_n ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la consist_v first_o of_o the_o two_o archbishop_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o who_o the_o archbishop_n of_o guiesen_n be_v primate_n of_o poland_n have_v the_o power_n of_o administer_a the_o kingdom_n in_o absence_n or_o in_o case_n of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n after_o these_o be_v the_o bishop_n and_o some_o abbot_n thirty_o four_o governor_n of_o province_n call_v palatine_n eighty_o three_o governor_n of_o castle_n or_o deputy-lieutenant_n of_o the_o palatine_n call_v castellan_n and_o ten_o of_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o state_n who_o be_v in_o all_o compute_v to_o amount_v to_o near_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o in_o number_n and_o be_v always_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n the_o clergy_n among_o these_o though_o the_o least_o in_o number_n yet_o have_v more_o possession_n than_o both_o the_o king_n and_o nobility_n and_o in_o no_o way_n depend_v on_o they_o have_v the_o great_a sway_n and_o the_o two_o chancellor_n and_o vicechancellor_n also_o a_o great_a power_n of_o sign_v and_o dispatch_v thing_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n and_o refuse_v also_o his_o order_n if_o they_o do_v not_o think_v convenient_a to_o obey_v they_o three_o of_o these_o four_o be_v general_o ecclesiastic_n when_o with_o their_o advice_n the_o king_n have_v resolve_v to_o call_v together_o the_o diet_n he_o order_v a_o convention_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n to_o be_v have_v in_o every_o particular_a diocese_n or_o government_n at_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o customary_a place_n where_o be_v convene_v the_o palatine_a castellan_n and_o other_o senator_n have_v explain_v to_o they_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o king_n intend_v to_o call_v a_o diet_n and_o what_o time_n the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v hold_v the_o nobility_n of_o each_o diocese_n after_o prayer_n finish_v choose_v their_o deputy_n to_o who_o they_o give_v instruction_n concern_v the_o proposition_n make_v to_o they_o by_o the_o senator_n though_o sometime_o they_o also_o allow_v they_o a_o large_a authority_n which_o however_o expire_v with_o one_o and_o the_o same_o diet_n which_o be_v not_o to_o last_v above_o six_o week_n and_o seldom_o continue_v much_o long_o these_o particular_a convention_n be_v over_o there_o be_v two_o more_o convention_n to_o be_v hold_v which_o they_o call_v general_n convention_n one_o whereof_o be_v always_o in_o great_a poland_n the_o other_o in_o little_a poland_n in_o which_o two_o place_n all_o the_o deputy_n and_o such_o of_o the_o nobility_n as_o be_v please_v to_o come_v be_v again_o convene_v at_o a_o certain_a time_n they_o there_o confer_v together_o concern_v the_o proposition_n make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o what_o instruction_n they_o have_v receive_v thereupon_o from_o their_o several_a province_n thus_o prepare_v they_o come_v to_o the_o diet_n where_o the_o senate_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o theatre_n the_o deputy_n and_o clerk_n stand_v by_o the_o chancellor_n or_o vicechancellor_n propose_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n such_o matter_n as_o they_o be_v to_o consult_v upon_o this_o do_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n and_o so_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o senate_n have_v give_v their_o vote_n the_o deputy_n ask_v leave_v from_o the_o king_n to_o withdraw_v and_o to_o consult_v concern_v the_o proposition_n make_v to_o they_o their_o consultation_n be_v over_o they_o repair_v again_o to_o the_o senate_n and_o have_v give_v their_o opinion_n concern_v the_o business_n in_o agitation_n they_o also_o propose_v such_o matter_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a to_o be_v consult_v about_o which_o matter_n be_v agree_v unto_o by_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o deputy_n the_o king_n give_v his_o consent_n last_o of_o all_o which_o do_v it_o have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o decree_n of_o the_o diet_n but_o if_o one_o of_o the_o deputy_n make_v his_o protestation_n against_o any_o thing_n as_o do_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o prerogative_n of_o the_o nobility_n or_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o whole_a proceed_v become_v thereby_o void_a and_o of_o no_o force_n from_o hence_o may_v be_v collect_v what_o difference_n there_o be_v betwixt_o the_o diet_n in_o poland_n and_o our_o meeting_n of_o parliament_n as_o well_o in_o their_o fundamental_a constitution_n as_o manner_n of_o proceed_n and_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o all_o the_o city_n and_o commons_o in_o poland_n except_o the_o city_n of_o cracaw_n and_o a_o few_o more_o in_o prussia_n be_v exclude_v not_o only_o from_o the_o diet_n but_o also_o all_o place_n of_o note_n nay_o that_o even_o in_o the_o most_o of_o they_o the_o magistracy_n and_o whole_a corporation_n be_v depend_v on_o either_o the_o clergy_n or_o nobility_n and_o what_o prodigious_a prerogativesâ—_n they_o have_v acquire_v to_o themselves_o as_o by_o example_n that_o a_o nobleman_n kill_v a_o commoner_n shall_v pay_v but_o a_o small_a fine_a but_o if_o a_o commoner_n kill_v a_o nobleman_n it_o shall_v be_v capital_a that_o a_o malefactor_n be_v a_o nobleman_n and_o take_v in_o the_o fact_n shall_v not_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o magistrate_n of_o that_o city_n or_o corporation_n where_o he_o be_v take_v that_o the_o bishop_n as_o well_o as_o other_o nobleman_n have_v their_o strong_a castle_n garrison_v by_o themselves_o and_o a_o great_a many_o the_o like_a of_o dangerous_a consequence_n these_o i_o say_v due_o consider_v by_o a_o englishman_n will_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v put_v he_o very_o much_o out_o of_o conceit_n of_o polish_v parliament_n and_o both_o the_o king_n as_o also_o the_o city_n corporation_n and_o commons_o of_o england_n will_v have_v but_o little_a reason_n to_o thank_v this_o gentleman_n for_o his_o compare_v the_o same_o with_o we_o especial_o since_o he_o may_v have_v find_v out_o other_o country_n and_o that_o near_o at_o hand_n where_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o estate_n come_v a_o great_a deal_n near_o to_o our_o parliament_n but_o leave_v to_o our_o author_n the_o advantage_n of_o his_o ancient_n gothick_n and_o new_a polish_v parliament_n we_o must_v go_v on_o to_o see_v what_o he_o say_v in_o this_o same_o chapter_n concern_v the_o form_n of_o government_n in_o denmark_n in_o particular_a these_o be_v his_o word_n denmark_n therefore_o be_v till_o within_o these_o thirty_o two_o year_n govern_v by_o a_o king_n choose_v by_o the_o people_n of_o all_o sort_n even_o the_o boor_n have_v their_o voice_n which_o king_n waldemar_n the_o three_o acknowledge_v in_o that_o memorable_a answer_n of_o he_o to_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n who_o pretend_v to_o a_o great_a power_n over_o he_o naturam_fw-la habemus_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la regnum_fw-la à _fw-la subditis_fw-la divitias_fw-la à _fw-la parentibus_fw-la religionem_fw-la à _fw-la romana_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la nobis_fw-la invides_fw-la renuntiamus_fw-la per_fw-la praesentes_fw-la the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v convene_v to_o that_o intent_n be_v to_o elect_a for_o their_o prince_n such_o a_o person_n as_o to_o they_o appear_v personable_a valiant_a just_a merciful_a affable_a a_o maintainer_n of_o the_o law_n a_o lover_n of_o the_o people_n prudent_a and_o adorn_v with_o all_o other_o virtue_n fit_a for_o government_n and_o requisite_a for_o the_o great_a trust_n repose_v in_o he_o yet_o with_o due_a regard_n have_v to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o precede_a king_n if_o within_o that_o line_n they_o find_v a_o person_n thus_o qualify_v or_o esteem_v to_o be_v so_o they_o think_v it_o but_o a_o piece_n of_o just_a gratitude_n to_o prefer_v he_o before_o any_o other_o to_o this_o high_a dignity_n and_o be_v please_v when_o they_o have_v reason_n to_o choose_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o their_o former_a king_n rather_o than_o any_o of_o the_o young_a as_o well_o because_o they_o have_v regard_n to_o priority_n of_o birth_n when_o all_o other_o virtue_n be_v equal_a as_o because_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o paternal_a estate_n may_v put_v he_o above_o the_o reach_n of_o temptation_n to_o be_v covetous_a or_o dishonest_a and_o enable_v he_o in_o some_o degree_n to_o support_v the_o dignity_n of_o his_o office_n but_o after_o such_o a_o choice_n if_o they_o find_v themselves_o mistake_v
the_o reign_n of_o woldemar_n i._o and_o consider_v with_o what_o severity_n he_o do_v punish_v those_o who_o have_v lay_v hand_n on_o canute_n his_o predecessor_n 7._o how_o afterward_o eric_n vii_o in_o his_o minority_n with_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o denmark_n pursue_v the_o murderer_n of_o his_o father_n and_o their_o adherent_n and_o when_o flee_v into_o norway_n wage_v war_n with_o that_o king_n partly_o upon_o that_o score_n with_o how_o much_o reluctancy_n the_o estate_n receive_v abel_n for_o their_o king_n who_o have_v cause_v his_o brother_n to_o be_v murder_v and_o i_o say_v let_v but_o any_o body_n consider_v the_o succession_n of_o these_o king_n and_o what_o severity_n have_v be_v use_v in_o that_o kingdom_n against_o such_o as_o do_v attempt_v the_o like_a he_o will_v questionless_a be_v convince_v how_o little_a their_o history_n do_v agree_v with_o what_o our_o author_n have_v be_v please_v to_o tell_v we_o of_o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o government_n of_o the_o dane_n viz._n that_o if_o they_o find_v themselves_o mistake_v in_o their_o choice_n they_o use_v sometime_o to_o destroy_v he_o mean_v their_o king_n either_o formal_o or_o if_o he_o be_v grow_v too_o powerful_a by_o dispatch_v he_o without_o any_o more_o ceremony_n the_o best_a way_n they_o can_v and_o to_o elect_v present_o a_o better_a man_n in_o his_o room_n sometime_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n to_o he_o sometime_o the_o valiant_a man_n that_o have_v undertake_v the_o kill_n of_o the_o tyrant_n at_o other_o time_n a_o private_a person_n who_o lest_o dream_v of_o it_o etc._n etc._n if_o these_o be_v not_o his_o own_o invention_n he_o will_v have_v much_o oblige_v the_o public_a in_o only_o name_v his_o author_n out_o of_o who_o he_o have_v his_o secret_a history_n of_o denmark_n since_o the_o same_o have_v be_v never_o know_v before_o to_o the_o world_n what_o he_o say_v that_o all_o affair_n belong_v to_o peace_n or_o war_n alliance_n disposal_n of_o great_a office_n contract_n of_o marriage_n etc._n etc._n be_v debate_v in_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o estate_n i_o will_v not_o absolute_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o like_a instance_n may_v be_v give_v in_o the_o danish_a history_n but_o i_o can_v also_o easy_o show_v that_o the_o most_o of_o these_o have_v be_v frequent_o debate_v without_o they_o as_o also_o that_o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o government_n be_v very_o much_o alter_v before_o the_o whole_a face_n of_o affair_n as_o he_o say_v be_v change_v about_o 32_o year_n ago_o but_o that_o the_o first_o will_v be_v too_o long_o for_o these_o animadversion_n and_o of_o the_o second_o we_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o say_v something_o hereafter_o upon_o the_o chapter_n how_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n become_v hereditary_a and_o absolute_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o must_v not_o let_v quite_o pass_v by_o in_o silence_n what_o he_o tell_v of_o the_o consequence_n of_o this_o change_n and_o their_o effect_n viz._n frequent_a and_o arbitrary_a tax_n and_o common_o very_o excessive_a one_o even_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n little_a regard_n be_v have_v to_o the_o occasion_n of_o they_o the_o fall_v of_o the_o value_n of_o estate_n poverty_n in_o the_o gentry_n extremity_n of_o misery_n in_o the_o peasant_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o tax_n be_v now_o more_o frequent_a in_o denmark_n than_o they_o use_v to_o be_v former_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n be_v what_o scarce_o any_o body_n of_o sense_n will_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o late_a change_n in_o denmark_n be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o guess_v for_o a_o consider_a person_n as_o this_o gentleman_n fancy_n and_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o those_o who_o be_v thorough_o acquaint_v with_o the_o state_n of_o denmark_n will_v rather_o say_v that_o the_o author_n have_v lay_v the_o saddle_n upon_o the_o wrong_a horse_n as_o the_o say_v be_v since_o these_o tax_n be_v the_o consequence_n and_o effect_n of_o that_o so_o unprosperous_a war_n betwixt_o denmarkâ—_n and_o sweden_n which_o do_v end_n in_o the_o year_n 1660._o the_o chief_a calamity_n of_o which_o be_v partly_o occasion_v by_o the_o mismanagement_n and_o miscarriage_n of_o these_o time_n which_o precede_v this_o change_n for_o who_o that_o be_v not_o ignorant_a in_o foreign_a affair_n but_o know_v how_o considerable_a a_o loser_n denmark_n be_v by_o this_o war_n as_o swedeland_n get_v most_o prodigious_o not_o only_o in_o denmark_n but_o also_o in_o germany_n it_o be_v then_o to_o this_o increase_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o other_o neighbour_a prince_n who_o territory_n surround_v denmark_n that_o these_o more_o frequent_a tax_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v since_o he_o that_o will_v due_o consider_v the_o ancient_a contest_v betwixt_o the_o northern_a crown_n what_o great_a power_n and_o strength_n swedeland_n have_v acquire_v to_o itself_o within_o these_o fifty_o year_n and_o how_o the_o swedish_n territory_n join_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o norway_n how_o they_o be_v only_o part_v in_o denmark_n by_o that_o narrow_a streight_n call_v the_o sound_n as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bremen_n and_o verden_n be_v only_o separate_v from_o holstein_n by_o the_o river_n elbe_n may_v easy_o be_v convince_v that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n though_o his_o territory_n be_v considerable_o diminish_v yet_o be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v a_o much_o great_a army_n constant_o on_o foot_n than_o former_o if_o he_o will_v not_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o be_v suprize_v and_o put_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n as_o his_o father_n be_v in_o the_o war_n with_o the_o swede_n beside_o this_o the_o house_n of_o lunenburgh_n be_v grow_v more_o potent_a and_o keep_v great_a force_n on_o foot_n than_o they_o use_v to_o do_v former_o as_o also_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n gottorp_n who_o territory_n in_o a_o great_a many_o place_n be_v intermingle_v with_o those_o of_o denmark_n have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o sweden_n put_v the_o king_n of_o demark_n to_o a_o vast_a charge_n of_o keep_v a_o considerable_a force_n constant_o on_o that_o side_n it_o be_v then_o from_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o denmark_n and_o their_o neighbour_n that_o the_o effect_n of_o these_o tax_n now_o usual_a in_o denmark_n do_v proceed_v which_o in_o a_o kingdom_n less_o powerful_a than_o former_o and_o yet_o force_v to_o maintain_v a_o much_o great_a force_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n must_v needs_o now_o much_o exceed_v those_o in_o former_a time_n if_o the_o author_n have_v not_o forget_v what_o he_o himself_o have_v remark_v at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o first_o chapter_n concern_v the_o danish_a dominion_n that_o they_o have_v this_o inconveniency_n that_o they_o be_v disjoin_v and_o separate_v from_o each_o other_o and_o therefore_o expose_v to_o many_o danger_n and_o require_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a expense_n to_o preserve_v they_o entire_a he_o may_v from_o thence_o alone_o consider_v the_o state_n of_o affair_n now_o in_o europe_n have_v reasonable_o conclude_v that_o theâ—_n tax_n levy_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n be_v rather_o the_o consequence_n of_o their_o situation_n now_o than_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o late_a change_n and_o that_o therefore_o it_o can_v with_o no_o justice_n be_v assert_v what_o he_o have_v tell_v we_o here_o that_o in_o impose_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o subject_n little_a regard_n be_v common_o have_v in_o denmark_n now_o to_o the_o occasion_n of_o they_o the_o author_n also_o aught_o to_o have_v take_v into_o consideration_n when_o he_o make_v this_o malicious_a assertion_n how_o this_o will_v agree_v with_o what_o he_o have_v endeavour_v to_o persuade_v we_o in_o several_a passage_n in_o this_o treatise_n about_o the_o meanness_n of_o the_o danish_a court_n and_o the_o continual_a want_n of_o money_n there_o as_o also_o what_o a_o great_a number_n of_o fortress_n he_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o all_o which_o be_v necessary_o to_o be_v maintain_v by_o garrison_n and_o otherwise_o he_o may_v easy_o have_v find_v out_o that_o these_o thing_n contradict_v one_o another_o since_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o court_n have_v so_o small_a a_o share_n for_o its_o use_n in_o these_o tax_n that_o be_v pay_v in_o denmark_n it_o be_v from_o thence_o evident_a that_o a_o necessity_n of_o maintain_v so_o considerable_a force_n and_o fortress_n but_o not_o a_o arbitrary_a will_n without_o have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o occasion_n enforce_v the_o pay_v of_o great_a tax_n now_o in_o denmark_n than_o former_o as_o to_o what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o land_n be_v fall_v of_o the_o poverty_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o misery_n of_o the_o peasant_n every_o body_n can_v easy_o guess_v that_o in_o this_o as_o in_o all_o other_o matter_n of_o that_o nature_n some_o grain_n of_o
allowance_n must_v be_v give_v to_o this_o gentleman_n be_v romantic_a expression_n wherewith_o he_o have_v all_o along_o endeavour_v to_o ensnare_v the_o ignorant_a sort_n of_o people_n into_o a_o belief_n of_o his_o own_o supposition_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o that_o the_o value_n of_o the_o estate_n shall_v be_v less_o now_o when_o so_o considerable_a tax_n be_v pay_v out_o of_o they_o than_o they_o be_v former_o when_o the_o gentry_n be_v the_o sole_a possessor_n of_o land_n and_o have_v the_o chief_a sway_n in_o the_o kingdom_n use_v to_o be_v sure_a to_o exempt_v themselves_o as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a the_o same_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v why_o the_o gentry_n or_o nobility_n in_o denmark_n in_o general_a do_v not_o live_v up_o to_o that_o splendour_n as_o they_o do_v in_o former_a time_n since_o have_v in_o those_o day_n all_o plaec_n of_o profit_n and_o trust_v in_o their_o hand_n and_o pay_v very_o small_a tax_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o at_o this_o time_n when_o to_o these_o place_n other_o be_v admit_v as_o well_o as_o they_o and_o be_v also_o oblige_v to_o bear_v a_o proportionable_a share_n in_o all_o tax_n their_o revenue_n can_v be_v so_o great_a now_o as_o they_o be_v former_o of_o the_o peasant_n we_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o say_v something_o hereafter_o wherefore_o we_o will_v go_v to_o the_o next_o chapter_n which_o describe_v the_o manner_n how_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n become_v hereditary_a and_o absolute_a after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o peace_n saysthe_a author_n between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n anno_fw-la 1660_o some_o considerable_a care_n and_o time_n be_v necessary_a to_o redress_v the_o disorder_n occasion_v by_o so_o terrible_a a_o war._n denmark_n have_v be_v most_o violent_o shake_v and_o although_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o tempest_n be_v overâ—_n the_o agitation_n cause_v by_o it_o still_o continue_a the_o army_n be_v not_o yet_o disband_v nor_o can_v be_v for_o want_v of_o money_n to_o discharge_v arrear_n this_o cause_v frequent_a insolence_n in_o the_o soldier_n with_o a_o further_a oppression_n of_o the_o burgher_n and_o poor_a country_n people_n who_o have_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n already_o ruin_v by_o the_o misery_n attendingthe_n war_n the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n though_o lord_n and_o master_n be_v full_a of_o discontent_n and_o the_o clergy_n not_o in_o the_o condition_n they_o wish_v etc._n etc._n here_o the_o author_n give_v we_o some_o hint_n rather_o than_o reason_n which_o induce_v the_o estate_n of_o denmark_n to_o make_v so_o remarkable_a a_o change_n in_o the_o government_n but_o since_o from_o hence_o do_v depend_v the_o understanding_n of_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o this_o change_n he_o ought_v i_o think_v to_o have_v be_v a_o little_a more_o circumstantial_a in_o this_o point_n if_o he_o intend_v to_o prove_v to_o we_o what_o he_o say_v in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o last_o chapter_n that_o it_o be_v astonish_v to_o consider_v how_o a_o free_a and_o rich_a people_n shall_v be_v persuade_v entire_o to_o part_v with_o their_o liberty_n astonish_v indeed_o but_o if_o this_o gentleman_n by_o the_o people_n do_v understand_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v and_o have_v do_v so_o in_o other_o place_n when_o he_o allege_v that_o famous_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n salus_fw-la populi_fw-la supremae_fw-la lex_fw-la esto_fw-la he_o have_v not_o hit_v the_o mark_n right_o in_o this_o assertion_n since_o by_o his_o own_o word_n it_o may_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o nobility_n mere_a lord_n and_o master_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n depend_v on_o they_o it_o will_v not_o be_v a_o very_a difficult_a task_n to_o find_v out_o by_o what_o step_v the_o nobility_n in_o denmark_n do_v acquire_v this_o power_n over_o all_o the_o rest_n if_o we_o consider_v how_o the_o nobility_n first_o clip_v the_o royal_a prerogative_n after_o that_o crown_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o oldenburg_n family_n and_o more_o especial_o after_o the_o depose_n of_o christiern_n the_o ii_o how_o after_o the_o reformation_n the_o power_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o prelate_n who_o be_v choose_v common_o out_o of_o the_o citizen_n be_v fall_v together_o with_o their_o revenue_n the_o nobility_n make_v thereby_o the_o great_a step_n that_o can_v be_v towards_z the_o advancing_z their_o own_o power_n above_o the_o citizen_n and_o peasant_n not_o only_o but_o also_o the_o clergy_n who_o now_o be_v no_o more_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o keep_v up_o the_o balance_n as_o they_o use_v to_o do_v former_o the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v thus_o bring_v into_o narrow_a bound_n and_o the_o clergy_n authority_n and_o power_n quite_o abolish_v the_o citizen_n alone_o be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v long_o against_o those_o who_o sit_v at_o the_o helm_n have_v the_o chief_a management_n of_o all_o affair_n of_o moment_n and_o the_o peasant_n be_v most_o of_o they_o depend_v from_o the_o nobility_n by_o be_v partly_o their_o tenant_n partly_o their_o vassal_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n of_o make_v so_o much_o as_o a_o show_n of_o resistance_n against_o the_o power_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o master_n thus_o the_o name_n of_o the_o four_o ancient_a estate_n of_o denmark_n viz._n the_o nobility_n clergy_n citizen_n and_o peasant_n remain_v the_o power_n be_v effectual_o lodge_v in_o the_o first_o which_o from_o time_n to_o time_n do_v increase_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o not_o only_o the_o whole_a senate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o all_o the_o great_a office_n of_o the_o court_n be_v in_o their_o possession_n but_o also_o they_o do_v claim_v a_o right_n to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o any_o moment_n and_o a_o privilege_n to_o be_v consult_v withal_o in_o the_o dispose_n of_o any_o office_n of_o moment_n even_o to_o be_v give_v to_o a_o nobleman_n they_o do_v claim_v a_o prerogative_n and_o actual_o exercise_v the_o same_o of_o nominate_v the_o magistrate_n in_o the_o city_n and_o have_v so_o eneroach_v upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o estate_n that_o neither_o clergyman_n citizen_n or_o peasant_n can_v purchase_v any_o land_n and_o if_o by_o mortgage_v or_o other_o wise_a any_o land_n happen_v to_o fall_v into_o their_o hand_n they_o be_v oblige_v by_o a_o yearly_a public_a proclamation_n to_o proffer_v the_o same_o to_o sale_n to_o the_o nobility_n upon_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o they_o be_v possess_v of_o it_o from_o hence_o come_v the_o dependency_n of_o the_o citizen_n from_o they_o and_o the_o entire_a subjection_n of_o the_o peasant_n to_o their_o will_n and_o by_o possess_v most_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o thereby_o have_v the_o right_n of_o patronage_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n the_o clergy_n be_v also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n fain_o to_o dance_v after_o their_o pipe_n it_o be_v easy_a i_o think_v to_o imagine_v the_o natural_a consequence_n of_o this_o to_o have_v be_v that_o they_o exempt_n themselves_o as_o much_o as_o can_v be_v do_v from_o tax_n and_o other_o burden_n the_o same_o do_v fall_v more_o heavy_a upon_o the_o rest_n and_o these_o not_o be_v able_a alone_o to_o provide_v sufficient_o for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o be_v one_o main_a reason_n why_o the_o kingdom_n be_v so_o surprise_v by_o the_o swede_n and_o do_v contribute_v as_o much_o as_o any_o thing_n towards_o the_o misery_n which_o these_o country_n endure_v in_o this_o war._n there_o be_v another_o great_a reason_n yet_o which_o as_o it_o contribute_v great_o to_o the_o misery_n and_o misfortune_n this_o kingdom_n be_v fain_o to_o undergo_v in_o this_o war_n so_o questionless_a be_v it_o partly_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o great_a change_n afterward_o make_v by_o the_o state_n after_o the_o death_n of_o christiern_n iu._n a_o certain_a party_n of_o the_o nobility_n be_v for_o exclude_v frederick_n iii_o second_o son_n of_o the_o say_a king_n christiern_n iv._o after_o the_o death_n of_o christiern_n his_o elder_a brother_n and_o for_o set_v up_o wolmar_n his_o young_a son_n by_o a_o second_o wife_n who_o sister_n be_v marry_v to_o several_a noble_a man_n which_o though_o they_o can_v not_o effect_v yet_o be_v before_o frederick_n iii_o this_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n father_n be_v receive_v by_o they_o as_o king_n the_o royal_a prerogative_n more_o straighten_v than_o ever_o and_o thereby_o the_o power_n of_o some_o of_o the_o nobility_n mighty_o increase_v which_o do_v give_v occasion_n to_o a_o great_a many_o dissension_n in_o that_o kingdom_n afterward_o and_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o when_o charles_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n surprise_v the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n the_o second_o time_n viz._n anno_fw-la 1658._o he_o use_v it_o for_o a_o pretence_n that_o he_o come_v to_o compose_v the_o difference_n arisen_a betwixt_o the_o king_n