under the said King Edward until he was restored to his Estate in Gascoign by the Peace made betwixt the two Crowns Ruby a Lion rampant Pearl was the Coat-Armour of Roger Mowbray a Norman who was made Earl of Northumberland by William the Conqueror He flew in Battel Malcombe King of Scots and his eldest Son but after rebelling against William Rufus was taken prisoner in Northumberland and kept in Winchester prison till the reign of Henry the First and then died without issue after whose decease King Henry the First gave all his Lands and Arms to the Lord Nigell de Albaine whose Son was called Mowbray of whom descended the Mowbrays Dukes of Norfolk And this Coat is now quartered by the honourable and flourishing Family of the Howards Ruby a Lion rampant Topaz is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Richard Earl of Carbery Baron Vaughan of Emblin and Molingar and one of the Lords of his Majesties most honourable Privy Council Saphire a Lion rampant Pearl is the Coat of the Right Honourable Iohn Lord Crew Baron of Stean descended from Eustace Crew who came into England with William the Conqueror and was made Baron of Monthalte Argent a Lion rampant Sable is the Coat-Armour of the Stapletons of Yorkshire Sable a Lion rampant Argent is born by Edmond Lewis Carn-Lloyd in Glamorganshire Esquire and by Edward Lewis of the Van in the said County Esquire As touching the bearing of the Lion after this manner I hold that then he may be truly said to be rampant when he standeth so directly upright as that the crown of his head doth answer to the plant of his foot whereupon he standeth in a perpendicular line and not by placing of the left foot in the dexter corner of the Escocheon as Leigh would have it As the former Example sheweth the gesture of the Lion pursuing his prey so this sheweth his gesture in seizing on it when he hath attained it Ruby a Lion rampant within a Bordure engrailed Pearl is born by the Right Honourable Ralph Lord Grey Baron of Warke of whose Family was Sir Iohn Grey who for his good Service in France was by King Henry the Fifth created Earl of Tanquerville in the said Kingdom This Coat is also born by Sir Roger Mostyn of Mostyn in Flintshire Knight and Baronet and by William Mostyn of Rhyd in the said County Esquire Argent three Lions rampant and a Chief Gules is the Coat-Armour of Sir Henry Yelverton of Easton-Manduit in Northamptonshire Baronet The Lion saith Farnesius is a lively Image of a good Souldier who must be valiant of Courage strong of Body politick in Counsel and a foe to fear Such a one was the most valiant Prince Richard the Second surnamed Cour de Lion whose renowned Adventures suited with all courage and politick care gave him the eternal Name of the Lion-heart This Coat is also born by the Right Honourable William Herbert Earl and Baron of Powis and by the Right Honourable Edward Lord Herbert Baron of Cherbury and Castle-Island This Coat is also born by the Family of the Progers amongst whom is Charles Proger Herbert of Gwerndy in Monmouthshire Esq one of the Gentlemen of his Majesties Privy chamber By Edward Proger Herbert Esq one of the Grooms of his Majesties Bed-chamber And by Henry Proger Herbert Esq one of his Majesties Ecqueties Ermyn on a Chief Azure three Lions rampant Or by the Name of Aucher and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Anthony Aucher of Bishops-bourn in the County of Kent Knight and Baronet Sable two Lions rampant combatant Or is born by Nicholas Carter of London Dr. in Physick Leigh saith That these were two Lions of sundry Regions which of manhood must combate only for Government For the Lion is as desirous of mastery as a couragious Prince is ambitious of Honour which if it be in a just Title and Claim is a vertue in a King and no way to be disliked For it was a Royal Apothegm worthy that great King Nemo me major nisi qui justior I acknowledge no King greater than my self but he that is juster There are yet other forms of bearing the Lion than are hitherto expressed as in these next Escocheons may be seen This Coat is also born by Thomas Wyndham of Tale in Devonshire Esq one of the Grooms of his now Majesties Bedchamber third Son of Sir Edmond Wyndham of Cathanger in Somersetshire Knight Marshal of his Majesties most Honourable Houshold and lineally descended of the ancient Family of the Wyndhams of Crown-Thorp in Norfolk The Lion beareth his tail after a diverse manner insomuch as we may thereby if not certainly know yet give a near ghess what a mood he is in for the present viz. whether he be furiously bent or peaceable or majestically affected And these qualities are manifestly discerned by the Inversion Eversion or Extension c. of his tail Here may rise a Question Whether the bearing of the tail of the Lion in any of these several manners be a sufficient difference to prevent all causes of challenge For my own part albeit I have not read or seen in Gerard Leigh Boswell Ferne or any other Armorial Writers the state of this Question handled I hold that they be differences sufficient to debarr all challenge My Reasons are these first Sufficit quod inter arma mea tua talis sit differentia qua detur diversitas And again Nova forma dat novum esse rei I hold them not only to be differences secundum quid but simpliciter that is to say absolute and essential differences Furthermore Data una dissimilitudine etiam paria judicabuntur diversa Moreover experience sheweth us That the least addition or subtraction in Armorial signs maketh them cease to be the same that they were Omnia Arma Arithmeticis figuris sunt simillima quibus si quid addas vel subtrahas non remanet eadem species as I have formerly shewed Finally for approbation of these my Opinions I will add this infallible Assertion Ea differunt quorum definitiones differunt These are my Reasons that induce me to be of this Opinion that the diverse manner of bearing of the tail of the Lion as aforesaid are or may be without exception essential differences which nevertheless I referr to the judicious censure of the Learned in this Profession who perhaps may convince me with more forceable grounds But because Demonstration is the best of Arguments to convince the incredulous it is apparent that Buxton's Coat before mentioned differs not from that of Smeres but only in the manner of the bearing of the tail both of them being Argent a Lion rampant Sable only in Buxton's Coat the tail is elevated and turned over the head of the Lion as it more plainly appears before in this present Chapter Now as touching particularizing of the beforementioned assertion I say that the Eversion of the tail of the Lion is an express token of his placability or tractableness as
and shapes were depicted on them As to the colour Lyra upon the second of Numbers saith Qualia sunt ista Vexilla in Textu non habetur sed dicunt aliqui Hebraei quod Vexillum cujuslibet Tribus erat simile colori lapidis positi in rationali in quo inscriptum erat nomen ipsius Reuben sic de aliis And as to their several Forms Martinus Borhaus in his Commentary upon the same place hath this saying Tradunt Veteres in Reubenis vexillo Mandragoram depictam fuisse quam ille in agro collectam matri Liae attulerat in Jehudae Leonem cui illum benedicendo pater Jacobus contulerat In Ephraim vexillo Bovis species In Danis vexillo serpentis Imago qui serpenti colubro a Jacobo comparatus erat fiat Dan coluber in via And in Conclusion he saith Sit fides penes Authores This sort of Ensign according to Calepine is called Vexillum quasi parvum velum accipitur saith he pro signo quo in exercitu vel classe Imperatores utuntur The use of these Standards doth consist herein that they being born aloft upon a long pole or staff apparent to every mans view the Souldiers may be thereby directed upon all occasions of service and by the sight of them may be dissevered and united at all times as the necessity of the service shall require Of this use Lyra upon the second of Numbers saith Vexilla in perticis elevantur ut ad eorum aspectum bellatores dividantur uniantur for like as a Ship is guided in the surging Seas by the Stern or Ruther even so are the Souldiers ordered in their Martial Exploits by their Standard or Ensign The other sorts of Ensigns God calleth Signa secundum domum Majorum suorum whereby is meant if I be not deceived the particular Ensigns or Tokens of each particular Family and of the particular persons of each Family For so do I understand that exposition of Lyra upon the same place Signa propria sunt in vestibus scutis quibus bellatores mutuò se cognoscunt suos ab Adversariis distinguunt But here we must put a difference between these words Arma Insignia and we must separate those things that are proper to Arms from such as pertain to Ensigns Arms therefore being taken in the largest sense as I have hitherto in this Discourse used the word may be said to be either Publick or Private Such are said to be Publick Arms as have some Soveraign authority or jurisdiction annexed to them Of the first sort are such Arms as are born by Emperours Kings and absolute Princes and free Estates having Soveraign authority and power within their several Empires Kingdoms and Territories These in propriety of speech cannot be aptly said to be the Arms of their Stock or Family whereof they are descended but do rather represent the nature of Ensigns than of Arms in regard of the publick authority to them annexed as also in respect that whosoever shall succeed them in those supream Governments shall bear the same Arms as the express Notes and Testimonies of such their several Jurisdictions though they be extracted from Aliens or forraign Families For so neither is the Eagle the peculiar Arms of the house of Austria nor the Lions of the Family of Plantagenet nor the Flowers de Lis of the house of Valois And these Arms or Ensigns may no man else bear or yet mark his Goods withal unless it be that in token of Loyalty he will set up the Kings Arms in his house and place his own Arms underneath And there are certain Ensigns of Dignity and Office which every man having the same Dignity or Office may lawfully bear as the Ensigns of a Proconsul the Ensigns of a Bishop And these are peculiar to those only that have the exercising of such Dignity or Office if any other shall ufurp the bearing or use of them he incurreth the crime of Forgery Private Arms are such as are proper to Private persons whether they be numbred in rank of the greater Nobility as Dukes Marquesses Earls Viscounts and Barons having no soveraign or absolute power or of the lesser Nobility or Gentry Knights Esquires and Gentlemen neither yet are they Ensigns of any ordinary dignity but peculiar to their Family and may be infinitely transferred to their Posterity For Arms or Armorial Tokens pertaining to some particular Family do descend to every peculiar person extracted from the same Agnation whether they be heirs to their Father or Grandfather or not Sometimes the bearers of these do so greatly multiply as that they are constrained for distinction sake to annex some apposition over and above their Paternal Coat to them descended for differencing the persons Quod licitum est sicut nomini addere praenomen which they may no less lawfully do than to add a Christian name to a Surname to distinguish two Children issued from one Parent These Arms are sometimes composed of Natural things as of some kinds of Celestial Bodies viz. of the Sun Moon Stars c. Sometimes of four footed Beasts or of Birds or of Serpents or of Fishes or some other Reptiles or else of some kind of Vegetables as Trees Shrubs Flowers Fruits Leaves c. Or else of some solid things as Castles Towers Mountains c. Or of things pertaining to Arts Liberal or Trades Mechanical c. Sometimes again they are compact of none of these but do consist only of the variations of simple Colours counterchanged by occasion of Transverse Perpendicular or whatsoever other Line used in Coat-Armour whether the same be Straight Crooked Bunched c. Whereby passing through the Escocheon either Traverse Oblique or Direct the Colours become transmuted or counterchanged of all which I shall have occasion to speak hereafter in their particular place If question happen to arise touching the right of some desolate place or ruinated building if in digging up the ruines or taking up of the foundation thereof there be found any known Coat-Armour the questioned place shall be adjudged to appertain to that Family to whom that Coat-Armour belongeth If any man be attainted or convicted of Treason for betraying his Country or of Heresie to the end he should be branded with a greater note of infamy his Arms are rased broken down and utterly defaced Sometimes it falleth out that if a Noble Family be extinguished by the death of the last of the same deceasing without issue whereby the bearing of the Arms proper to that Lineage is from thenceforth abolished The Arms are interred in the grave together with the Corps of the Defunct After long tract of time these Tokens which we call Arms became remunerations for service and were bestowed by Emperours Kings and Princes and their Generals and chief Commanders in the field upon Martial men whose valorous merits even in justice required due recompence of Honour answerable unto their worthy acts the remembrance whereof could not better be preserved and
Points do occupy the Base of the Escocheon and thereof have their denomination and are called Inferior because they are seated in the lower parts thereof Of these also there are both Middle Remote Note that each of these do answer in opposition unto the several Superior Chief Points above mentioned in a direct Line insomuch as by them the Location of these might be easily conceived without any further Description of them Quia posito uno contrariorum ponitur alterum Nevertheless because those things that are delivered dividedly are best conceived and understood I will particularize these as I have done the former beginning with the Middle Point The knowledge of these Points is very requisite in respect that when divers of these Points are occupied with sundry things of different kinds as oftentimes it falleth out in some Escocheons you may be able thereby to assign unto each Point his apt and peculiar Name according to the Dignity of his place For no man can perfectly Blazon any such Coat unless he doth rightly understand the particular Points of the Escocheon CHAP. VIII WE come now from Points the first part in our partition of Accidents of an Escocheon to the second part which is Abatements An Abatement is an accidental Mark annexed to Coat-Armour denoting some ungentleman-like dishonourable or disloyal demeanour quality or stain in the Bearer whereby the Dignity of the Coat-Armour is greatly abased Abatements do consist in Diminution Reversing Diminution is a blemishing or defacing of some particular Point or Points of the Escocheon by reason of the imposition of some stain and Colour thereupon Note that all these Marks of Diminution in the Escocheons next following must be evermore of some one of the stainand Colours viz. Tawny or Murrey and must in no wise be of Metal neither must they be charged in any case for so should they be Additions of Worship These are placed on The Midle Some other part of the Escocheon Such as are placed in the Middle are expressed in these next two Escocheons following whereof the first is a Delf as in this Example Such Diminutions as are placed upon some other part of the Escocheon Do occupy One point alone More than one That which occupieth one alone is called a Dexter point parted an Example whereof you may see in this next Escocheon Such Diminutions as do occupy more than one point of the Escocheon Do comprehend Four points Less than four That Diminution of the former sort is this which you see in this Escocheon and is due to him that is sloathful in the Wars Those Diminutions that do comprehend fewer than four Are either of Three Two Such are said to comprehend three Points whose Lines do bound so many within their Limits as in Example He beareth Or Point Champain Tenn This is the first of those Diminutions that do comprehend three Points and is formed of one Arch-line which taketh his beginning from the Dexter Base and including the middlemost and endeth in the Sinister Base Point This is due unto him that killeth his Prisoner humbly submitting himself with his own hands though in extreme need it is allowed by the Law of Arms rather to kill than to hazzard himself to be slain Always saith Sir Iohn Froysard by right of Arms a man ought to grieve his Enemy and good company of Arms is mercy to Knights and Souldiers That Abatement that comprehendeth only two Points of the Escocheon is called a Gusset and is formed of a Traverse Line drawn either from the Dexter or Sinister Chief Point of the Escocheon tending to the Honour Point and descending from thence perpendicularly to the extream base parts of the Escocheon as in this next Example appeareth wherein are expressed both the Dexter and Sinister Goars Hitherto of such Abatements as do abase the estimation of the Coat-Armour whereunto they are annexed in some parts or points of them only being the first sort of Abatements whereof we promised to speak Now followeth the last and worst of all the rest which is a Coat-Armour reversed Reversing is a preposterous manner of location of a Coat-Armour by turning of the whole Escocheon upside down contrary to the usual form of bearing after this manner As touching persons convicted of High Treason in the Justice of the Law of Arms for the further coercion of so heinous a Fact as Treason is and for a further punishment both of the Traytor and of his whole Progeny it is to be observed that if a Gentleman of Coat-Armour hath Issue divers Sons and committeth Treason he hath forfeited his Coat-Armour for ever neither may his Issue bear the same Quia eorum memoria destrui debet For that the memory of them may utterly be extinguished For since it is held they may be lawfully killed seeing they are said to be Enemies to the King and People much more is it lawful to prohibit to their Heirs together with the Inheritance their Arms also and stile of Gentry Insomuch as some are of Opinion that the Son loseth Iura Sepulchrorum the Rights and Ceremonies of Burial accustomed to Gentry And of Marcus Manlius who was condemned of Treason against the Roman State we find a Law that none should ever bear that name A notable Example whereof we saw of late on the Instrument of that Devillish Parricide on the late puissant King of France for the obliterating of the Name and Memory of such a Villain out of that Kingdom And in Ireland such Traytors as are convicted by the Acts and Ordinances of the High Court of Parliament are by force thereof adjudged to suffer damage in their Name State Preheminence Dignities and Honour to them due in fore-passed times As in all their Offices Lordships Castles Mannors and in all their Hereditaments whatsoever Moreover that they shall sustain corruption of their Blood and Family and both himself and his Posterity are by force of such Conviction and Judgment disabled to demand receive or recover of any man by descent from any of their Ancestors either Lineal or Collateral neither are the Children of persons so convicted permitted to make their Pedegree or to derive themselves from such Parents Finally if such an one were invested with any honourable Dignity the Laws adjudge not only his Coat-Armour to be razed and his Shield reversed but also his Spear truncked his Spurrs hewen from his Heels his Horse docked his Sword to be broken upon his Helmet his Crest divided his Statues pulled down his Blood corrupted and his Body to death nisi speciali Regis rescripto intervenerit gratia without the Kings special pardon his Family at an end his Possessions taken away and for a greater terrour given to some other Family whose profitable Service to the King and State may better deserve it So loathsome is this Offence to Nobility that she cannot suffer the Marks of him that hath offended in so high a degree to possess any place with her Ensigns but that the same shall
Accidents should have such power in them For Aristotle Physicorum 1. saith Accidentia possunt miraculose non alias mutare subjectum Accidents change not their Subject but by Miracle Addition doubtless and Subtraction are of greater force than Transmutation or Location yet is there no such power in them as that they can alter the essence of any thing Quia augmentum vel diminutio saith Chassanaeus circa accidentia contractuum non reponunt contractum in diverso esse neque per ea intelligitur ab eo in substantialibus recessus the adding or diminishing of Accidents makes not the thing lose the nature of his being This Coat with the Arms of Vlster is born by Sir Iohn Molineux of Teversal in Nottinghamshire Baronetâ— and with the Arms of Vlster with a due difference is born by Darcy Molineux of Mansfield in the said County Esq Nephew to the said Sir Iohn Leigh in Blazoning of this form of Cross maketh no mention at all of the piercing thereof perhaps because it resembleth the Ink of a Mill which is evermore pierced This is termed Quarter pierced quasi Quadrate pierced for that the piercing is square as a Trencher The Augmentation born on the Bend was granted unto the Right Noble Thomas Duke of Norfolk and to his Descendants by King Henry the Eighth for his signal Service as General of the Army which gave that remarkable overthrow at Floding to King Iames the Fourth of Scotland which said Duke was by King Henry the Seventh created Knight of the Garter and made Lord High Treasurer of England So much of the Cross with the Accidents thereof Now of that other Ordinary that is framed also of a fourfold Line that is to say a Saltire A Saltire is an Ordinary consisting of a fourfold Line whereof two are drawn from the Dexter chief towards the Sinister base corners and the other from the Sinister chief towards the Dexter base points and do meet about the midst by couples in acute Angles I know the Learned Geometer will find many more Lines here than I do mention but as I said of Lines in the Cross this our description greeth best with Heralds and our purpose Azure a Saltier Argent is the Coat-Armour of Sir William York of Burton-Pedwardin in Lincolnshire Knight Sable a Saltier Argent is born by the name of Ducket of Steeple-Morden in Cambridgeshire In old time saith Leigh this was made of the height of a man and was driven full of Pins the use whereof was to scale the Walls therewith to which end the Pins served commodiously In those days saith he the Walls of a Town were but low as appeareth by the Walls of Rome which Rhemus easily leaped over and the Walls of Winchester which were overlooked by Colebrand the Chieftain of the Danes who was slain by Guy Earl of Warwick who was Champion for King Athelstane Argent a Saltier engrailed Sable by the Name of Middleton This with the Arms of Vlster is the Coat-Armour of Sir George Middleton of Leighton near Warton in Lancashire Baronet CHAP. VIII HAving hitherto shewed at large the several forms of making of such Charges as we call honourable Ordinaries Order requireth that I should now shew their diverse manner of Bearing according to our prefixed Distribution These are born Simple Compound Those are said to be born Simple when only Ordinaries do appear in the Field These Ordinaries comprehend One sort Divers sorts Ordinaries are said to be of one sort when only one kind of them is born in the Field without mixture of any other Whose bearing is Single Manifold By single Bearing I understand some one Ordinary born alone in the Escocheon such are these precedent Examples before handled By manifold bearing of Ordinaries I mean the bearing of divers Ordinaries of the same kind whether the same be born of themselves alone or else conjunctly with some of their Subdivisions Which form of bearing is twofold viz. One upon another One besides another What is meant by the bearing of Ordinaries of one kind one upon another may be easily conceived by these four Escocheons next following Proceed we now to Examples of Ordinaries of the same kind born one besides another such are these next following and their like The Field is Argent two Bends Gules This Coat-Armour I find in an ancient Manuscript of Collection of Englishmens Arms in Metal and Colours with the Blazon in French of the time of our Henry the Sixth as it is apparent by the Character of the Letter over which Coat-Armour is there written the Bearers name viz. Monsieur Iohn Haget from whom Mr. Bartholomew Haget late Consul of Aleppo deriveth his descent This Book at this present remaineth in the custody of a worthy Friend of mine a curious Collector and careful Preserver of such ancient Monuments Gules two Bends the upper Or and the lower Argent was born by Milo Fitz-water who by King Henry the First was made Earl of Hereford and Constable of England and Lord of the Forest of Dean in right of his Wife Daughter and Heir of Bernard Newmarch Lord of Brecknock This Coat is now quartered by Sir Ralph Verney of Middle Claydon in Buckinghamshire Mr. Boswell in his Works of Armory observeth That the Bearer of such Bends as these or of the like Coat-Armour may be thought to have done some great enterprise upon the Seas worthy of perpetual commendation As for Ordinaries of other sorts born likewise one besides another of the same kind behold these next Examples Now from Ordinaries of the same kind born one upon another with their extracted Subdivisions proceed we to Ordinaries of divers kinds and their Diminutives abstracted from them eftsoons found likewise born both one upon another and one besides another Such are these next following and their like Now for Ordinaries of divers kinds born one besides another you shall have these Examples ensuing Robert Lisle who was a Baron in the times of King Edward the Second and Edward the Third bore the same Coat-Armour And divers ancient and eminent Nobles of this Kingdom do rightfully quarter these Arms being descended from the Heirs generally of the Family of Lisle Or a Fess between two Chevrons Gules was the Coat of Anselme Lord Fitz-water in the time of the Conquest of whom did descend Walter Fitz-water who had a Daughter and Heir that married to Robert Radcliff Father of Robert Radcliff Lord Fitz-water of whom descended Robert Radcliff Earl of Sussex and Viscount Fitz-water of which Family of Sir Francis Radcliff of Dilston in Northumberland Baronet now living 1675. The End of the Second Section Naturalia sunt specula eorum quae non videntur THis Third Section beginneth to treat of such Charges of Coat-Armours as are called Common Charges whereof some be Natural and meerly formal such are Angels and Spirits and others are both Formal and Material as the Sun Moon Stars as also such Natures as are Sublunary whether they be living after a sort as all
hold this for an observation that seldom faileth That â—ith every particular Empire Kingdom and Nation have their distinct Ensigns of their Sovereign Jurisdiction look what Beast Bird Fish Fowl Serpent c. he that swayeth the Sovereignty doth bear for his Royal Ensign in each particular Nation the same is accounted there to be of greatest dignity So is the bearing of the Lion chiefly esteemed with us in England because he is born by his Majesty for the Royal Ensign of his Highness's Imperial Sovereignty over us so is the bearing of the Eagle esteemed among the Germans in like sort the Flowers de lis amongst the Frenchmen Four-footed Beasts whether they be born Proper or Discoloured that is to say varying from their natural colour are to be esteemed more worthy of bearing in Coat-Armour than either Fishes or Fowls are in regard they do contain in them more worthy and commendable significations of Nobility Amongst things Sensitive the Males are of more worthy bearing than the Females Some men perhaps will tax me of inconsideration in not treading the usual steps of Armorists in the handling of these sensible Creatures for that I do not prefer the Lion in respect of his Regal Sovereignty before all other Terrestrials For clearing of my self in this point I must plead that the project of my prescript method hath tied me to another form and doth enforce me to prefer other Beasts in place before those which otherwise are preferred in dignity And albeit I cannot say there was any priority of time in the creation of Beasts because God spake the word and it was done he commanded and they were created nevertheless in regard of discipline there is a priority to be observed wherein those things that do promise us a more easie access to the distinct knowledge and understanding of the succeeding documents ought to have the precedence The Order that I prefix to my self in treating of these Beasts shall concur with the Table of this present Section as first to set down Animals of all sorts living upon the Earth Secondly such as live above the Earth as Fowls Thirdly Watry Creatures and lastly Man And because of the first sort some are gressible having feet and some creeping or gliding as Serpents we will begin with the gressible and first with such Beasts as have their feet solid or undivided or as I may term them Inarticulate that is to say without toes then will I proceed to such as have their feet cleft in two and lastly to Beasts that have their feet divided into many CHAP. XIII HAving delivered divers Rules and Observations concerning living things and their parts in genere I will now annex such Examples as may demonstrate these several sorts of bearing forasmuch as demonstrations give life and light to ambiguous and doubtful precepts as Aristotle Ethic. 7. noteth saying Demonstrationes sunt perfectiores nobiliores quando inducuntur post orationes dubitabiles Demonstrations are ever best after doubtful passages Of these briefly as in the next Escocheon The Invention of Arms wherein Beasts or their parts are born are borrowed saith Sir Iohn Ferne from the Huns Hungarians Scythians and Saxons cruel and most fierce Nations who therefore delighted in the bearing of Beasts of like nature in their Arms as Lions Bears Wolves Hyenes and such like which fashion likewise came into these our Countries when those barbarous people over-ran with Conquest the West part of Europe Now to the end that the Rules and Observations formerly set down may receive both life and warrant by Presidents I will now exemplifie them in their Order And first of whole-footed Beasts with their Members The Horse is a Beast naturally stubborn fierce haughty proud and insolent and of all Beasts there is none that vaunteth more after victory obtained or dejected if he be vanquished none more prone in battel or desirous of revenge CHAP. XIV AFter beasts whole-footed succeed those who are cloven-footed whether into two parts or more And first for those which have their feet divided into two parts only they are for the most part armed with horns as the following Examples shall illustrate And by the way this must be noted That these horned beasts besides that their Membersâ— are born couped and erased like other beasts have also their heads born trunked which of some Armorists are blazoned Cabosed of the word Caho which in the Spanish Language doth signifie a head which form of blazon giveth us to understand that it is the head of some such beast born sole and of it self having no part of the neck thereto adherent an accident that seldom befalleth beasts of other kinds which most usually are born with the neck conjoyned which form or bearing you shall hereafter see in due place The bearing of a Bull or the head thereof is a note of valour or magnanimity where contrariwise the bearing of an Ox or the head thereof denoteth faintness of courage as Vpton noteth That their first bearers were either gelt persons or such as had some notable defect in the generative parts as that thereby they became altogether unfit for procreation Snce we are no wcome to treat of beasts of the Forest I hold it fit to speak somewhat in my first entry of their Numbers Names Qualities Royalties Armings Footings Degrees of Age c. according as they are termed of skilful Foresters and Woodmen And first of their kinds Of Beasts of the Forest some are Beasts of Venery Chase. Of Beasts of Venery there are five kinds viz. the Hart Hind Hare Boar Wolf As old Woodmen have anciently tearmed them These have been accounted properly Wild-beasts of the Forest of Beasts of Venery These Beasts are also called Sylvestres scil Beasts of the Wood or Forest because they do haunt the Woods more than the Plains Proper Names Seasons Degrees and Ages of Beasts of the Forest and of Chase. Wherefore you shall understand that the First year you shall call them Hind or Calf Second Brocket Third Spayade Fourth Staggard Fifth Stag. Sixth Hart. But here by the way we must observe that some ancient Writers do report That in times past Foresters were wont to call him a Stag at the fourth year and not a Staggard as we do now and at the fifth year they called him a Great Stag And so they were wont to distinguish his several Ages by these words Stag and great Stag. The knowledge of the Ordure or Excrements of every Beast of Venery and Chase is necessary to be observed because their Ordures are a principal note whereby good Foresters and Woodmen do know and observe the place of their haunt and feeding and also their estate And therefore it is a thing highly to be observed for that a Forester or Woodman in making his reports shall be constrained to rehearse the same The Ordure of a Hart Hare Boar Fox and all Vermin is termed Fumets or fimashing of all Deer Crottelles or crotising Lesses Fiantes Tearms of footing
that the generous sort of Lions have For these respects the degenerate brood of Lions are called in Latin Imbelles Leones that is Heartless and Cowardly Lions whereas the true Lion is termed in Latin Generosus Leo quia generosum est quod à natura sua non degeneravit That is generous which degenerateth not from his kind by which reason a man of Noble Descent and Ignoble Conditions is not truly generous because he degenerateth from the Vertues of his Ancestors Lions Bears Wolves and other beasts of ravening kind when they are born in Arms feeding you must tearm them in blazon Raping and tell whereon To all beasts of prey Nature hath assigned teeth and talons of crooked shape and therewithal of great sharpness to the end they may strongly seize upon and detain their prey and speedily rend and divide the same And therefore in blazoning of beasts of this kind you must not omit to mention their teeth and tallons which are their only Armour for by them they are distinguished from those tame and harmless beasts that have their teeth knocked out and their nails pared so near to the quick as that they can neither bite nor scratch with much harm Those teeth and tallons are for the most part in Coat-Armours made of a different colour from the bodies of the beasts and therefore in blazoning of beasts of this kind when you speak of their teeth or tallons you shall say they are thus or thus Armed So likewise if you please to speak of their tongues you shall say they are thus or thus Langued To bear a Lion or whatsoever Animal in a diverse colour from his kindly or natural colour as to bear a blue green red purple Lion Bear c. or whatsoever other colour different from that which is natural unto him is not a bearing reproachful though disagreeing to his Nature if we consider of the occasion of their primary constitution for that the custome of such bearing seemeth to have proceeded from eminent persons who habiting themselves either for their sports of Hunting or for Military Services as best fitted their phantasies would withal sute their Armours and Habiliments with colours answerable to their habits with the shapes and portraitures of forged and counterfeit Animals Or else perhaps by occasion of some civil tumults as that between the Guelphi and the Gibelini in Italy they perhaps of each faction bearing Lions Bears and Wolves or other Animals to avoid confusion and to the end the one of them should not be entrapped by the other of the contrary faction when they were intermixed one with another and that their valorous actions might be more particularly discerned from the other they distinguished themselves by different and unlike coloured Garments that so each Governour and Leader might know those that were of his own faction The like may we observe to have been of late years used among ourselves when private factions have sprung amongst us one sort was known from others of the contrary faction by a Carnation Ribond worn about or in his Hat or by a Crimson Feather or other thing the contrary faction wearing like thing but in a different colour or fashion The Lion saith Vpton passing thorow stony places doth contract his Tallons within his flesh and so walketh on his feet as if he had no Tallons at all keeping them exceeding choicely lest he should dull and blunt their sharpness and so become less able to attach and rend his prey And this property seemeth not to be peculiar to a Lion but common to all beasts of rapine as Pliny ascribeth the same property to Leopards Panthers and such other as well as to the Lion Not only Lions but also all other beasts of ravenous kind according to Bekenhawb do bring forth their young in some part defective as Lions do produce their Whelps dead Dogs bring them forth blind Bears deformed and shapeless c. For Nature would not that they should attain perfection in the womb in regard of the safety of their Dam lest in their production they should spoil and rent her womb by their teeth and tallons Other more particular Rules there are concerning the divers kinds and peculiar actions of beasts of Rapine which shall follow in their more convenient places In the mean time let us proceed to Examples that may give life and approbation to those premised Rules Praecepta enim quantumvis bona concinna mortua sunt nisi ipse auditor variis exemplis ea percipiat Good and fit Precepts are but dead unless Examples give them life Of which Opinion was Leo the Tenth when he said Plus valent exempla quà m praecepta Et melius docemur vitâ quam verbo Examples are more forcible than Precepts And our lives teach more than our words Sol a Lion passant Guardant Mars was born by Brutus Son of Silvius Posthumus who coming out of Italy with the remnant of the Trojans found out this Island of Great Britain and reigned four and twenty years Or two Lions passant guardant Gules is the Coat of the Right Honourable Sir William Ducy of Tortworth in Glocestershire Knight of the Bath and Baronet now Viscount Down in Ireland Gules two Lions passant guardant Argent by the Name of L'Estrange a Family of good antiquity of which is Sir Nicholas L'Estrange of Hunstanton in Norfolk Baronet and Roger L'Estrange of St. Giles's in the Fields in Middlesex Esquire Gules two Lions passant guardant Or was the Coat-Armour of William Duke of Normandy base Son of Robert Duke of Normandy who in Anno 1066. having slain King Harold in Battel seized the Kingdom and reigned almost One and twenty years since which time his Heirs have happily enjoyed his Crown and Dignity King Henry the Second being Duke of Aquitain and Guion in the right of his Grandmother and Duke of Normandy in right of his Mother joyned the Arms of Guion which was a Lion passant guardant unto that of Normandy and England which was Gules three Lions passant guardant Or. Now that Lions and Lioncels are born in Arms the first with interposition of some of the Ordinaries the other charged upon Ordinaries the following Examples will make it manifest and in blazoning of such Coat-Armours care must be taken to observe and remember what concerning this point of their difference I have even now delivered Ruby a Lion rampant Pearl This is the Paternal Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Louis Duras Baron Duras of Holmby one of the Captains of his Majesties Horse Guards and Privy Purse to his Royal Highness Iames Duke of York brother to the Duke and Marshal Duras as also to the Marshal de Lorge in France and Nephew to the late Marshal de Turein in the said Kingdom one of whose Ancestors viz. Galliard Lord Duras was in the Reign of K. Edward the Fourth Knight of the Garter being one of the last of Gascoign that held for the Crown of England where he came and continued in great Employments
whole-footed or have their feet divided and yet have no Tallons should be termed membred But the Cock and also all Birds of prey should be termed in blazon armed forasmuch as Nature hath assigned the Cock being a Bird much addicted to battel spurs and to the Birds of prey sharp and hooked beaks and tallons not only for encounter and defence but also to seize upon gripe and rend their prey and are to them as teeth and claws unto Lions Tigres and other fierce Beasts Similium enim similis est ratio where the things are like the reason is like It is generally observed that amongst Fowls of prey the Female is the noblest and most hardy which Nature did so provide because besides her own sustenance the care of feeding her young doth especially lie on the Female and therefore if she should be timorous or cowardly she would not be able to provide food for herself and them Such Fowls saith Vpton as either in respect of their uniformity do never change colour naturally or by nature are diversly coloured shall be only named in blazon and no mention at all made of their colours but shall be termed proper unless they either in part or in whole be born of some other colour than is natural to them In the blazoning of Fowls much exercised in flight if their wings be not displaied they shall be said to be born close as he beareth an Eagle Falcon Swallow c. close As in other forementioned Creatures so in Fowls also besides the whole bearing the parts or members are also usually born in Coat-Armour as the heads wings feathers and Legs and both couping and erasing are as incident unto the parts of Fowls as of those Terrestrials as by Examples following shall appear wherein I will first begin with River Fowls which for the most part are whole-footed using neither curiousness in their form of placing or copiousness in their number but only that by the assistance of some few chief Examples that which hath been delivered by Precepts and Rules may be the more easily understood Sable a Cheveron Ermyn between three Herons Argent is born by Sir Nathaniel Herne of the City of London Knight and Alderman Under these sorts will I briefly comprehend all River-Fowls whatsoever viz. all such as are whole-footed under the former and all Cranes Herns Cormorants c. under this latter for that albeit they be of the kind of River-Fowls yet have they their feet divided CHAP. XX. AFTER those River-Fowls whole-footed and divided by order it now falleth to hand that I should proceed to such Fowls as do frequent partly the Air and partly the Land of which some are Fowls of prey othersome are Predable or fit to be made a Prey Such as are Fowls of prey have their Beaks and Tallons evermore hooked and sharp hooked for sure seizing and detaining and sharp for speedy rending and dividing thereof Such are Eagles of all sorts Vultures Falcons Gerfalcons Sakers Lanerts Tercels Sparhawks Marlins c as also Kites Buzzards Owls c. Of Fowls saith Pliny those that have hooked claws and tallons are not fruitful breeders for the most part wherein Nature hath well provided for all kinds of Fowls that the mightier should not be so copious as the weaker and such as do fly from the tyrauny of others Some of these Fowls of prey are in their kind ennoblished by nature in as high a degree of Nobility as the chiefest of the Terrestrial Animals before handled Such are those that do much frequent the Air as Eagles and Hawks of all sorts which are much exercised in flying and albeit they do build their nests and have their feeding upon the earth yet is their agitation above in the air Therefore in regard of the worthiness of the Element wherein they are chiefly occupied I will begin with Birds of prey and after our former order first with their whole bearing and so descend to the parts promiscuously of sundry Birds according to the dignity of their place or more noble use as in Example Cajus Iulius Caesar Son of Lucius Caesar a Roman in the year before Christ 52 having conquered France overcame also Cassibulan King of Britain and made the Island become Tributary to him and his Successors 483 years at which time Constantine of Amorica obtained the Kingdom he bore Sol an Eagle displayed Saturn armed Mars Topaz an Eagle displayed Diamond was the Coat of Edwyn a Saxon who at the time of the Conquest was Earl of Coventry and he with Earl Swardus and Marker his Brother kept the Isle of Ely against the Conqueror for which cause he was banished the Kingdom and afterwards was slain in Scotland without Issue Argent an Eagle displayed Sable is the Coat-Armour of Sir Theophilus Bidulph of East-Greenwich in Kent Gules an Eagle displayed Or is the Coat-Armour of the Goddards of Norfolk The Eagle having her wings thus displayed doth manifest her industrious exercise in that she is not idle but continually practiseth that course of life whereunto nature hath ordained her and doth signifie a man of action evermore occupied in high and weighty affairs and one of a lofty spirit ingenious speedy in apprehension and judicious in matters of ambiguity For amongst other noble qualities in the Eagle her sharpness and strength of sight is much commended and it is a greater honour to one of noble Off-spring to be wise and of sharp and deep understanding than to be rich or powerful or great by birth The Eagle is the most honourable bearing of Birds and for its swiftness of slight was called the Messenger of the Gods The Eagle is said to be Altivolans avis an high-soaring Bird that sometime flieth so high a pitch as that she transcendeth the view of man She hath a tender care of her young when they be fligg or flush as we say and ready for flight then she stirreth up her nest and fluttereth over them yea she taketh them on her wings and so soareth with them through the Air and carrieth them aloft and so freeth them from all danger In that she carrieth her young ones rather upon her wings than in her tallons she sheweth her tender care and love that she beareth unto them She is abundantly full of feathers by means whereof she glideth through the Air very lightly and maketh way through the same with great expedition and swiftness Our persecutors saith Ieremiah are swifter than the Eagles of heaven And again 2 Sam. 1. 23. Saul and Ionathan were swifter than Eagles The Crown of her head is enlarged with baldness as her years are encreased As we may see Michah 1. 16. Make thee bald and shave thee for thy delicate children Enlarge thy baldness as the Eagle for they are gone into captivity from thee Wherein the Prophet alludeth to the customes of the Gentiles who in the time of their mourning used to shave their heads and cut their flesh and to scorch the same with stigmatical marks which
great way off others would have it called and not unaptly quod sagax sit ictus ejus for that the same being directed by the hand of a cunning and skilful Archer doth cleave the pinn or mark oftentimes in two though the same be but of a small scantling The Arrow is reckoned one of the number of weapons destinated to avengement as appeareth Deut. 32. 42. I will make mine Arrows drunk with blood and my sword shall eat flesh with the blood of the slain and of the Captains when I begin to take vengeance of the Enemy Sometimes you shall find both these Martial weapons born together in one Escocheon as in this next appeareth The Pheon is the head of an Instrument of the Missile sort which we call a Dart the same being a long and light staff headed after this manner and having a thong fastened to the middest thereof for the more sleighty and strong forcing the same against the Enemy to keep or annoy him afar off This is called in Latin Iaculum quia è longinquo jaciatur it pierceth speedily and maketh a large wound by reason of the wide-spreading barbs thereof The bearing of Pheons is both ancient and commendable And hitherto of Missils we now come to Manuals Weapons Manual are so called because manu tractantur they are managed by the hand when by the use of them we do assail our foes or put away proffered wrong by encountering or grapling with them at handy strokes Such are these that follow and their like Which is a good Sword Seneca sheweth in these words Gladium bonum dices non cui deauratus est baltheus nec cui vagina geâ—mis distinguitur sed cui ad secandum subtilis est acies As touching the invention of Swords Polydore Virg. saith their use was found out by the Lacedemonian The Romans in their Saturnalian Feasts amongst other Exercises used the game of Sword-playing to the end that in time of Peace they being accustomed to behold Fighting Wounds and Swords might be the less discouraged when they see the feats of Arms in the Field against the Enemy and therefore the Chiestain or General of the Hoste was to exhibit to the people a game of Fence or Sword-playing This yoke consisteth of three Spears whereof two were pitched upright and the third was bound cross-ways to them both under this yoke were both enforced to pass that their reproach might be the greater Before a man shall go about to buckle with his enemies it behoveth that the Army be fully furnished and provided with all sorts of Military Provisions both defensive and offensive by the example of Vzziah King of Iudah of whom it is said Uzziah had also an hoste of fighting men that went out to warr by bands according to the count of their number under the hand of Jeiel c. And Uzziah prepared them throughout all the hoste shields and spears and helmets and brigandines and bows and stones to sling 2 Chron. 26. 11 14. As concerning the quantity or weight of Spears heads we find them in all Ages answerable to the strength of the persons that were to manage them So we read that the Spear-head of Golias that encountred with David weighed six hundred shekels of Iron which was correspondent to his Spear that was resembled for bigness to a Weaver's beam as also to the hugeness of his stature which was six Cubits and a hands breadth 1 Sam 17. 4. Also we read of Ishhibenob the son of Haraphah of the race of the Giants whose head of his spear weighed three hundred shekels of brass even he being girded with a new sword thought to have slain David Now I shall I hope without any great breach of Method demonstrate the bearing in Armory of some part of a Tilt-spear or Tilt-stave call it which you please which kind of weapon or instrument although it be not of any use in the wars yet the well managing thereof maketh a man the more expert for Military Service on Horsback and therefore may challenge to be ranked among Martial weapons managed with the hand And for the further clearing of this point it is expressed in the Charge from the Master of the Armory to the Yeoman of the Tilt-staves thus Tilt-staves with Coronets and Burrs Serviceable Unserviceable Vamplets Serviceable To be repaired Unserviceable Expressing the particular numbers of every of them And in an ancient Book remaining in the Office of Arms I find Wiseman's Coat blazoned a Cheveron between three Cronels I could here if it would suit with my intended brevity enter into a large Discourse of the Noble and Knight-like exercise of Tilting which is the School of Chivalry and Horsemanship without the knowledge whereof the Horseman in the wars can do little good service Tilting is called Hippomachia from the Greek words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Equus and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. pugna it is also called by the Latines Ludus militaris or Ludus Trojae for Troy was the place where it was first invented as some are of opinion Divers Statutes and Ordinances have been made by the Commandments of former Kings of this Realm concerning Royal Justs and Tiltings within this Kingdom which do sufficiently prove their former use to have been more frequent than now they are and it is much to be wished that this Royal and Honourable exercise might be more frequently practised to which none are to be admitted as Actors by the ancient Ordinances but such as are well known unto the King of Arms of that Province where it is to be performed to be Gentlemen of Coat-Armour Blood and Descent But no more of this at this time which deserveth rather a Volume than a Page for setting out its due commendation and antiquity To this Head must all other Martial Instruments of these natures not hitherto handled be reduced whether they pertain to order and direction or else to execution and bestowed under their particular Heads according to their propriety of their several kinds CHAP. XV. OF weapons invasive or offensive we have formerly discoursed Now come we to the handling of the other member comprehending weapons defensive boâ— in Coat-Armour Of these some do serve for defence only others serve both for defence and habit also Of the former sort are such as next ensue and their like Touching the variety of Shields or defensible weapons and their uses we read that the Roman Captains or Leaders had their light harnessed Souldiers on foot armed only with Sword and Target and were called Rorarij whose Office was with a light skirmish to give the first onset on the enemy to see if they could force them to remove their first station and so make way for the Horsmen sicut Ros ante gelu as the dew or moist goeth before the frost Alex. gen dierum lib. 6. pag. 369. This sort of Souldiers were highly rewarded of Kings in regard of their bold adventure in bearing the first brunt of the battel
be his that weareth it you cannot erre in your judgment touching the true distinction of the dexter-side of the Escocheon that is due to the Man as to the more worthy from the sinister part that is allotted to the Woman or the Inferiour The manner of such impaling of Coat-Armours of distinct Families as Baron and Femme by persons Temporal is divers from this before mentioned for they do evermore give the preheminence of the dexter side to the man leaving the sinister to the woman as in Example If these were not Hereditary Coat-Armours yet should they have this form of marshalling and none other because the same is common as well to single marriages having no hereditary Possessions as to those that be hereditary Only in this these have a prerogative which the other have not that the Baron having received Issue by his Femme it is in his choice whether he will still bear her Coat in this sort or else in an Inescocheon upon his own because he pretendeth God giveth life to such his Issue to bear the same Coat of his Wife to him and to his heirs for which cause this Escocheon thus born is called an Escocheon of pretence Moreover the heir of these two Inheritors shall bear these two Hereditary Coats of his Father and Mother to himself and his heirs quarterly to shew that the Inheritance as well of the Possessions as of the Coat-Armours are invested in them and their Posterity whereas if the wife be no heir neither her husband nor child shall have further to do with her Coat than to set up the same in their house Paleways after the foresaid manner so to continue the memorial of the Fathers match with such a Family Examples whereof behold in hese following Escocheons These Coats are thus born by William Mountagu Esq son and heir to the Honourable William Mountagu Lord Chief Baron of his Majesties Court of Exchequer This form of bearing of divers Coats marshalled together in one Escocheon impaled as aforesaid was in use near hand within a thousand years since within the Realm of France as appeareth by Frances de Rosiers lib. Stemmatum Lotharingiae where amongst many Transcripts of Kings Charters made to Religious Houses under their Seals of Arms he mentioneth one made by Dagobert King of France to Modoaldus Archbishop of Trevers for the Cell of St. Maurice of Toledo in Spain which Charter was sealed with three Seals His words are these Hoc diploma tribus sigillis firmatum est primo aureo Dagoberti which was as he had formerly described it habens insculptum scutum liliis plenum secundo cereo Cuniberti tertio etiam cereo Clodulphi in quo est scutum partitum impressum prior pars decorata cruce ac Escarbocle seu Carbunculo altera fascia Dat. Gal. Maij Anno Dominicae Incarnationis 622. Concerning the orderly bearing of such Coat-Armours Paleways in one Escocheon note that Gerard Leigh making mention of the marshalling of divers Femmes with one Baron saith If a man do marry two wives they shall be both placed on the left side in the same Escocheon with him as parted per Pale The first wives Coat shall stand on the Chief part and the second on the Base Or he may set them both in Pale with his own the first wives Coat next to himself and his second uttermost And if he have three wives then the two first matches shall stand on the Chief part and the third shall have the whole Base And if he have a fourth wife she must participate the one half of the Base with the third wife and so will they seem to be so many Coats quartered But here you must observe that those forms of iâ—palings are meant of Hereditary Coats whereby the Husband stood in expectancy of advancing his Family through the possibility of receiving Issue that so those Hereditary Possessions of his wife might be united to his own Patrimony It was an ancient way of impaling to take half the Husbands Coat and with that to joyn as much of the Wives as appeareth in an old Roll wherein the three Lions being the Arms of England are dimidiated and impaled with half the Pales of Arragon The like hath also been practised with quartered Coats by leaving out half of them as in Example And for the Antiquity of bearing divers Coats quartered in one Escocheon the same Author Francis de Rosiers reciteth a Charter of Renate King of Angiers Sicily and Ierusalem c. concerning his receiving of the Brethren of the Monastery named Belprey into his protection Actum Nanceij Anno 1435. adding in the end thereof these words Arma Arragoniae Siciliae Hierusalem Andes Whereby if I mistake him not he giveth us to understand that his Seal of Arms did comprehend all these Coats born together quarterly in one Escocheon because he holdeth the same form of description of Seals of that kind throughout all his Collection of Charters As touching this quarterly bearing of many Coats pertaining to sundry Families together in one Escocheon William Wicley doth utterly mislike it holding the same to be better fitting a Pedigree to be locked up in a Chest as an evidence serving for approbation of the Alliances of Families or Inducements to title of Lands rather than multitudes of them should be heaped together in or upon any thing ordained for Military use For Banners Standards and other like Martial Ensigns were ordained for no other use but for a Commander to lead or be known by in the Field to which purpose these marks should be made apparent and easie to be discerned which cannot be where many Coats are thronged together and so become unfit to the Field and therefore to be abolished of Commanders Only he holdeth it expedient that a Prince or Noble-man having title to some Countrey for the obtaining whereof he is inforced to make warr should shew forth his Standard of the Arms of that Countrey quartered with his own amongst those people which in right and conscience do owe him obedience that they may be thereby induced the sooner to submit themselves to him as to their true and lawful Sovereign or Lord. So did Edward the third King of England when he set on foot his title to the Kingdom of France shewing forth the Arms of France quartered in his Royal Banner with the Arms of England But for such persons as are but Commanders under them it is very absurd since thereof ensue oftentimes many dangerous errors Et irrecuperabilis est error qui violentiâ Martis committitur Having before made mention of an Inescocheon and of the bearing of the Arms of the Femme by the Baron after Issue received by her she being an Inheritrix I will now here give you an Example as well to shew the occasion of such bearing as also the manner and situation thereof As for antiquity of bearing of Inescocheons I find them very anciently used a long time by the Emperours of Germany for they always