of the Herbs and Onions that were spent upon the Labourers during the Works which amounted to above Sixteen Hundred Talents There 's nothing writ upon the lesser The Entrance and Ascent is only on one side cut by steps into the main Stone Although the Kings design'd these Two for their Sepulchers yet it hapen'd that neither of them were there buri'd For the People being incens'd at them by the reason of the Toyl and Labour they were put to and the cruelty and oppression of their Kings threatned to drag their Carkases out of their Graves and pull them by piece-meal and cast them to the Dogs and therefore both of them upon their Beds commanded their Servants to bury them in some obscure place After him reign'd Mycerinus otherwise call'd Cherinus the Son of him who Mycerinus built the first Pyramid This Prince began a Third but died before it was finish'd every square of the Basis was †〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Three Plethras Three Hundred Foot The Walls for fifteen Stories high were of black Marble like that of Thebes the rest was of the same Stone with the other Pyramids Though the other Pyramids went beyond this in greatness yet this far excell'd the rest in the Curiosity of the Structure and the largeness of the Stones On that side of the Pyramid towards the North was inscrib'd the Name of the Founder Mycerinus This King they say detesting the severity of the former Kings carried himself all his Days gently and graciously towards all his Subjects and did all that possibly he could to gain their Love and Good Will towards him besides other things he expended vast Sums of Money upon the Oracles and Worship of the Gods and bestowing large Gifts upon honest Men whom he judg'd to be injur'd and to be hardly dealt with in the Courts of Justice There are other Pyramids every Square of which are Two Hundred Foot in the Basis and in all things like unto the other except in bigness It 's said that these Three last Kings built them for their Wives It is not in the least to be doubted but that these Pyramids far excel all the other Works throughout all Egypt not only in the Greatness and Costs of the Building but in the Excellency of the Workmanship For the Architects they say are much more to be admir'd than the Kings themselves that were at the Cost For those perform'd all by their own Ingenuity but these did nothing but by the Wealth handed to them by descent from their Predecessors and by the Toyl and Labour of other Men. Yet concerning the first Builders of these Pyramids there 's no Consent either Uncertain who built the Pyramids amongst the Inhabitants or Historians For some say they were built by the Kings before mention'd some by others As that the greatest was built by Armeus the Second by * Ammosis Amasis and the Third by †Maronas Inaronas But some say that this last was the Sepulcher of one Rhodopides a Curtesan and was built in remembrance of her at the common Charge of some of the Governors of the Provinces who were her Amours Bocchoris was the next who succeeded in the Kingdom a Bocchoris in the Reign of Vzziab King of Judah An. Mun. 3283 before Christ 766. Helv. Cron. very little Man for Body and of a mean and contemptible Presence but as to his Wisdom and Prudence far excelling all the Kings that ever were before him in Egypt A long time after him one Sabach an Ethiopian came to the Sabacon or Sabaco taken to be so who joyn'd with Hoshea King of Isreal Throne going beyond all his Predecessors in his Worship of the Gods and kindness to his Subjects Any Man may judge and have a clear Evidence of his gentle Disposition in this that when the Laws pronounc'd the severest Judgment I mean Sentence of Death he chang'd the Punishment and made an Edict that the Condemn'd Persons should Persons to work in Chains instead of being put to Death be kept to work in the Towns in Chains by whose Labour he rais'd many Mounts and made many Commodious Canals conceiving by this means he should not only moderate the severity of the Punishment but instead of that which was unprofitable advance the publick Good by the Service and Labours of the Condemn'd A Man may likewise judge of his extraordinary Piety from his Dream and his Abdication of the Government for the Tutelar God of Thebes seem'd to speak to him in his Sleep and told him that he could not long reign happily and prosperously in Egypt except he cut all the Priests in Pieces when he pass'd through the midst of them with his Guards and Servants which Advice being often repeated he at length sent for the Priests from all parts and told them that if he staid in Egypt any longer he found that he should displease God who never at any time before by Dreams or Visions commanded any such thing And that he would rather be gone and lose his Life being pure and innocent than displease * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Lord. Anarchy God or injoy the Crown of Egypt by staining his Life with the horrid Murder of the Innocent And so at length giving up the Kingdom into the Hands of the People he return'd into Ethiopia Upon this there was an Anarchy for the space of Two Years but the People falling into Tumults and intestine Broyls and Slaughters one of another Twelve of the chief Nobility of the Kingdom joyn'd in a Solemn Oath and then calling a Senate at Memphis and making some Laws for the better directing and cementing of them in mutual peace and fidelity they took upon them the Regal Power and Authority After Twelve Kings reign lovingly in Egypt Herodot lib. 2. c. 147. they had govern'd the Kingdom very amicably for the space of Fifteen Years according to the Agreement which they had mutually sworn to observe they apply'd themselves to the building of a Sepulcher where they might all lye together that as in their Life-time they had been equal in their Power and Authority and had always carried it with love and respect one towards another so after Death being all bury'd together in one Place they might continue the Glory of their Names in one and the same Monument To this end they made it their business to excel all their Predecessors in the greatness of their Works For near the Lake of Myris in Lybia they built a Four-square Monument of Polish'd Marble every square a Furlong in length for curious Carvings and other pieces of Art not to be equall'd by any that should come after them When you are enter'd within the Wall there 's presented a stately Fabrick supported round with Pillars Forty on every side The Roof was of one intire Stone whereon was curiously carv'd Racks and Mangers for Horses and other excellent pieces of Workmanship and painted and adorn'd with divers sorts of
as looking upon that to be the best sort Funerals of Burial Others by pouring upon them melted Glass keep them in their Houses because they think it not convenient or decent that their Countenances should not be known by their Kindred or that they should be forgotten by their Posterity Some bury them in Earthen Coffins about their Temples and to swear by their Names is counted the most Sacred Oath Those that are most Beautiful some of of them chuse to be their King judging that Regal Power and Beauty are always the Gifts of Fortune Others intrust the Royal Power in the Hands of the most industrious Shepherds as such as would make it their business to take most care for the good of their Subjects Others bestow the Kingdom upon those that P. 104. are richest judging such only most able by their Riches to supply the wants of their People There are others that are for the advancing them to the Throne who are most approv'd for their Valour because they judge those that are Conquerors to be most worthy of Honour That part of the Country in Lybia that borders upon Nile is the most pleasant The Description of the Parts of the Country and richest for all manner of Provision for the Morasses afford the most advantagious shelters against the parching heat of the Sun and therefore the Ethiopians and Africans quarrel and are at continual Wars one with another for the possession of that Place Herds likewise of Elephants out of the higher Lybia as some write come down into those Parts because of the abundance of Pasture and the sweetness of it For there are wonderful Morasses abounding in all sorts of Food all along the Banks of the River and here they are held by the Mouth when they taste the sweetness of those Reeds and Canes that grow here and so eat up the Food of the Inhabitants and therefore the People are forc'd to resort to these Places for Relief being Shepherds and living in Tents making that their Country where they can find the most Plenty The Herds of Elephants of which we before hinted leave the upper Parts for want of Pasture which is presently burnt up there by the heat of the Sun For by reason of the scorching Heat and want both of Spring and River-water the Grass is parcht up and none to be had Some write that in the Deserts and other wild Places as they are call'd are bred a World of Serpents of a wonderful bigness These they say with great fury and violence set upon the Elephants at the brink of the Waters clasping themselves in many Circles round their Thighs and sticking fast there so long as that at length the Beasts tir'd out by their great and weighty bulk fall down in a foaming Sweat to the ground upon which others in multitudes coming in they presently devour them and that with ease the poor Creatures being so unweldy as scarce able to move themselves If for some Reason or other they succeed not in their Attempt out of eagerness to their natural Food they pursue not the Elephants to the Rivers Bank before mentioned For they say these vast Serpents avoid all they can the open Fields and abide about the Feet and hollows of the Mountains in deep Holes and Caves And hence it is that they leave not those Places so fit for their shelter and defence Nature teaching every Creature to make use of that which is most helpful to it and to avoid what is hurtful And thus much we have thought fit to say of the Ethiopians and their Country And now something is to be said of the Historians For many have written such things concerning Egypt and Ethiopia as deserve not the least credit in as much as the Authors were either too easie to believe Lies or else in sport and for diversion invented them themselves But Agatharchides of Cnidus in his Second Book of the Affairs of Asia Artemidorus the Ephesian in his Eighth Book of Geography and some others that were natural Egyptians who have written Histories of the things herein before by us related have in their Writings nearly pursu'd the Truth And I my self in the time of my Travelling and Sojourning in Egypt associated with many of the Priests and conferr'd with many Ambassadors and others sent out of Ethiopia whence having exactly come to the knowledge of every thing and having likewise examin'd the several Relations of the Historians have fram'd and moulded my History so as to suit with those things wherein all of them did agree and consent But this shall suffice to be said of the Western Ethiopians We shall now speak a little of those inhabiting the Southern Parts and towards the Red Sea But it 's fit first that we say something of the making of Gold in these Parts In the Confines of Egypt and the neighbouring Countries of Arabia and Ethiopia P. 105. Manner of making Gold there 's a Place full of rich Gold-mines out of which with much Cost and Pains of many Labourers Gold is dug The Soyl here naturally is black but in the Body of the Earth run many white Veins shining with white Marble and glistering with all sorts of other bright Metals out of which labourious Mines those appointed Overseers cause the Gold to be dug up by the labour of a vast Multitude of People For the Kings of Egypt condemn to these Mines notorious Criminals Captives taken in War Persons sometimes falsly accus'd or such against whom the King is incens'd and that not only they themselves but sometimes all their Kindred and Relations together with them are sent to work here both to punish them and by their Labour to advance the Profit and Gain of the King There are infinite numbers upon these Accounts thrust down into these Mines all bound in Fetters where they work continually without being admitted any rest Night or Day and so strictly guarded that there 's no possibility or way left to make an escape For they set over them Barbarians Souldiers of various and strange Languages so that it 's not possible to corrupt any of the Guard by discoursing one with another or by the gaining Insinuations of a familiar Converse The Earth which is hardest and full of Gold they soften by putting Fire under it and then work it out with their Hands The Rocks thus softn'd and made more pliant and yielding several Thousands of profligat Wretches break it in pieces with Hammers and Pickaxes There 's one Artist that is the Overseer of the whole Work who marks out the Stone and shews the Labourers the way and manner how he would have it done Those that are the Strongest amongst them that are appointed to this Slavery provided with sharp Iron Pickaxes cleave the Marble-shining Rock by meer Force and Strength and not by Art or Slight of Hand They undermine not the Rock in a direct Line but follow the bright shining Vein of the Mine They carry Lamps
a Battel expell'd them out of their Country and settl'd themselves for a while in their Rooms but afterwards part of them return'd to Thebes in the Reign of Creon the Son of Menaeceus and the rest continu'd in Doris But the expuls'd Doreans at length return'd into their Country and inhabited Erineus Citinius and part of †Beotia About this time Beotus the Son of Neptune and Arne * In the Greek Euboea for Beotia came into the Country then call'd Aeolis now Thessaly and nam'd those that accompany'd him Beotians Here it 's necessary to give a distinct and particular Account of those things which Aeolians we have gather'd out of the Rubbish of Antiquity concerning these Aeolians In former times some of the Children of Aeolus the Nephew of Deucalion and Helen inhabited the Places before mention'd but Mimas another Son reign'd in Aeolis and Hippotes the Son of Mimas begat Aeolus of Menalippe And Arne the Daughter of this later Aeolus had a Son by Neptune call'd Beotus Aeolus not believing she was got with Child by Neptune judg'd her guilty of Whoredom and therefore deliver'd her to a Metapontinian Stranger that was there by chance at that time to be transported to †A Town in Italy near Tarentum Metapontum which he did accordingly and there she was deliver'd of Aeolus and Beotus whom the Metapontinian being Childless by direction of the Oracle adopted for his own Sons When they grew to Mens Estate a Sedition being rais'd in Metapontum they possess'd themselves P. 188. of the Kingdom by force of Arms. Afterwards Arne and Autolyte the Wife of the Metapontinian falling together by the Ears the Sons of Arne in assisting their Mother kill'd Autolyte which cruel Fact the Metapontinian took most heinously and therefore they got on Shipboard and put to Sea with their Mother Arne and many other of their Friends Aeolus possess'd himself of the Islands in the Tyrrhenian Seas call'd the Aeolides after his Name and built a City there which he call'd Lipara But Beotus went to his Grandfather Aeolus who receiv'd him as his Son and he came afterwards to the Kingdom and call'd the Country after his Mother Arne but nam'd the People Beotians after his own Name Itonus the Son of Beotus begat Four Sons Hippalcimus Electrion Archilicus and Alegenor Hippalcimus had Peneleos Electryon Leitus Algenor Cloncus Archilycus Prothaenor and Ariesilaus who were all Commanders in chief of the Beotians in the Trojan War Having now set forth these Affairs we shall endeavour to give an account of Of the Progeny of Salmoneus and Tyro Salmoneus and Tyro and of their Progeny down to Nestor who was one of the Grecian Commanders at the Siege of Troy Salmoneus was the Son of Helen Nephew of Aeolus and Nephew's Son to Deucalion He made an Expedition out of Aeolis and possess'd himself of a Territory in Elis upon the Banks of the River Alpheus and there he built a City which he call'd after his own Name Salomnia He marry'd Alcidice the Daughter of Aleus and by her had a Daughter nam'd Tyro who was an extraordinary Beauty His Wife Alcidice dying he marry'd another call'd * Aderas Siderone who after the manner of Step-mothers hated Tyro Afterwards Simoneus being both cruel and unrighteous towards Men and impious towards the Gods was hated by his Subjects and at length for his Contempt of the Gods was by Jupiter struck dead with a Thunderbolt About this time Neptune begat Two Sons of Tyro Pelias and Neleus Tyro being afterwards married to Cretheus she had by him Amythaon Pheretes and Aesones After the Death of Cretheus Pelias and Neleus were at strife one with another for the Kingdom Pelias reign'd as King of Iolcus and the Neighbouring Countries and being joyn'd with Melampus and Bias the Sons of Amythaon and Aglaia together with some Achaeans Phthiots and Eolians made an inroad with his Army into Peloponesus At which time in Argos Melampus being a Sooth-sayer restor'd some Women to soundness of Mind that through the Anger of Bacchus were struck with a raging Madness And for this good Act he was rewarded by Anaxagoras King of the Argives Son of Megapentheus with Two parts of the Kingdom Hereupon Melampus took his Brother Bias as his Associate with him in the Government and resided at Argos Then marrying Iphianira the Daughter of Megapantheus he had by her Antiphates Manto Bias and Pronoes Antiphates had by Zeuxippe the Daughter of Hippocoon Oicles and Amphales From Oicles and Hypermnestra the Daughter of Thespius descended Iphianira Polybaea and Amphiaraus And thus Melampus and Bias and their Posterity injoy'd the Kingdom of Argos Neleus likewise with those whom he conducted enter'd Messina and built the City Pylus which was given to him by the bordering Inhabitants who reigning here married Chloris the Daughter of Amphion the Theban and by her had Twelve Sons of whom Periclimenus was the Eldest and Nestor the Youngest who went along with the rest to the Trojan War But to the end we may keep within Bounds this that has been said shall susfice concerning the Ancestors of Nestor And now something is to be further added concerning the Lapithites and the Lapithites Centaurs Centaurs most of whom were the Sons of Oceanus and Thetys as the Mythologists do report remarkable for their giving Names to Rivers amongst whom was Peneus from whom the River in Thessaly was so call'd He was familiar with P. 189. the Nymph Creuta and of her begat Hypseus and Stibes of whom Apollo begat Lapithes and Centaurus Lapithes resided near the River Peneus and reign'd over the Neighbouring Territories He marry'd Orsinome the Daughter of Eurynomus and by her had Two Sons Phorbas and Periphas who afterwards reign'd in those Parts and the whole Nation of the Lapithae are so call'd from Lapithes Phorbas one of the Sons of Lapithes resided at Olenus Whence Alector the King of Elis fearing the power of Pelops sent for him to his Assistance and made him his Associate in the Kingdom Phorbas had Two Sons Egeus and Actor who were afterwards Kings of Elis. Periphas the other Son of Lapitha marry'd Astyagea the Daughter of Hypseus and by her had Eight Children the Eldest of whom Antion had Issue Ixion of Perimela the Daughter of Amythaon Ixion they say upon Promise to Hesioneus of a great Dowry and rich Gifts marry'd his Daughter Dia of whom he begat Perithous But Ixion not performing his Promise made on the behalf of his Wife Hesioneus seiz'd his Horses in lieu of a Pawn Ixion under colour of giving full satisfaction desir'd his Father in Law to come to him who coming accordingly Ixion threw him into a Fiery Furnace But because none could expiate him from the guilt of so heinous a Parricide it 's said that Jupiter did it But growing afterwards in love with Juno they say he was so impudent as to court her to play the Adulteress Whereupon Jupiter turn'd a Cloud into the shape of
without delay he would take Possession of the City which should be by them deliver'd up to him upon his approach In the mean time the Graecians sent an Herald to Mentor who secretly advis'd them to set upon the Barbarians as soon as Bagoas had entred the Town Bagoas therefore being entred with his Persians but without the Consent of the Greeks as soon as part of the Soldiers were let in the Graecians presently shut up the Gates and fell on a sudden on Bagoas taken Prisoner at Bubastus and all his Men cut of who enâ—red the City the Barbarians and kill'd 'em every Man and took Bagcas himself Prisoner who coming to understand that there was no means left for his Deliverance but by Mentor he earnestly intreated him to interpose for his Preservation promising that for the Future he would never undertake any thing without his Advice Mentor prevail'd with the Graecians to Discharge him and to Surrender the City so that the whole Success and Glory of the Action was attributed to him Bagoas being thus freed by his means entred into a Solemn Covenant of Friendship upon Oath with Mentor and faithfully kept it to the Time of his Death so that these Bagoas releaâ—'d by Mentor's meaâ—s two always concurring and agreeing were able to do more with the King than all his other Friends or any of his Kindred For Mentor being made Artaxerxes's Lord-Lieutenant of all the Asiatick Shore was greatly Serviceable to the King by procuring Soldeers out of Greece and by his Faithful and Diligent Administration of the Government Bagoas commanding all as Viceroy in the higher Parts of Asia grew to that degree of Power through his Consultation with Mentor upon all Occasions that he had the Kingdom at Command neither did Artaxerxes any thing without his Consent And after the King's Death his Power was such That the Successors were ever Nominated and Appointed by him and all Affairs of the Kingdom were so wholly manag'd by him that he wanted nothing but the Name of a King But we shall speak of these things in their proper Place After the Surrender of Bubastus the rest of the Cities out of fear submitted and deliver'd Ant. Ch. 348. up themselves upon Articles into the Hands of the Persians In the mean while Nectabanus who was now at Memphis seeing the swift Motions of the Enemy durst not venture a Battel in defence of his Sovereignty but abdicating his Kingdom pack'd up a great deal of Treasure and fled into Aethiopia And so Artaxerxes possess'd himself of all Aegypt and demolished the Walls of all the Cities especially those that were the Greatest and of most account and heap'd together an infinite Mass of Gold and Silver by spoiling of the Temples He carry'd away likewise all the Records and Writings out of the most ancient Temples Which Bagoas a while after suffer'd the Priests to redeem for a great Sum of Money Then he sent home the Greek Auxiliaries with ample Rewards to every one according to their Deserts for their Services and intrusting Pherendatus with the Government of Aegypt he return'd with his Army loaden with Spoil triumphing in the Glory of his Victory to Babylon At the time when Callimachus was Lord-Chancellor at Athens and Marcus Fabius and Olymp. 107. 4. Ant. Ch. 347. Mentor advanc'd Publius Valerius were Roman Consuls Artaxerxes advanc'd Mentor for the good Services he had done him especially in the Aegyptian War above all his Ariends and that he might put a Mark upon his Valour by a Reward more than ordinary he bestow'd upon him an Hundred Talents of Silver and rich Furniture for his House He made him likewise Prefact of all the Asiatick Shore and General of his Army with absolute Power to suppress all Rebellions in those Parts Mentor being in near Alliance and Kindred with Actabazus and Memnon who had not long before made War upon the Persians and were now fled â—at of Asia to Philip in Macedonia by his Interest with the King procur'd their Pardon and thereupon sent for them both to come to him with their Families For Artabazus had by Mentor and Memnon's Sister Eleven Sons and Ten Daughters with which numerous Progeny Mentor was Ant. Ch. 347. greatly delighted and advanc'd the young Men as they grew up to high Places of Command in the Army The first Expedition which Mentor made was against Hennias Prince or Tyrant of * Atarne in Mysia over against Lesbos Atarne who had rebell'd against Artaxerxes and was possess'd of many strong Cities and Mentors stratagem to subdue Hennias Castles upon promise made him to procure the King's Pardon he brought him to a Parley and upon that occasion having surpris'd him he clapt him up and possessing himself of his Seal-Ring he writ Letters in his Name to the several Cities signifying that through Mentor he was restor'd to the King's Favour and sent away likewise with those that carry'd the Letters such as should take Possession for the King of all the Forts and Castles The Governors of the Cities giving credit to the Letters and being likewise very desirous of Peace deliver'd up all the Towns and Forts to the King in every place through the Country All the Revolted Cities being gain'd by this Trick of Mentor without any Hazard or Fatigue the King was highly pleas'd with him as having acted the Part of a Brave and Prudent General And with no less success partly by Policy and partly by force of Arms he reduc'd in a short time the other Captains that were in Rebellion And thus stood Affairs in Asia at this time In Europe Philip King of Macedon made an Expedition against the * Calcidean Cities and took Zeira and raz'd it to the Ground and brought other Towns out of Fear In Thrace Zeira raz'd by Philip. likewise to submit He set again likewise upon Phaeca and threw out its Prince Pitholaus About that time Sparticus King of Pontus dy'd having reign'd Five Years Parysades his Brother suceeded him and govern'd Eight and Thirty years CHAP. X. Philip takes Olynthus and other Cities in the Hellespont The Athenians jealous of Philip and instigated by Demosthenes Philip's Policies The Value of the Riches taken out of the Temple at Delphos Dionysius sent Presents to Delphos which were taken by the Athenians His Letter to the Athenians The Temple burnt The End of the Phocian War The Punishments decreed by the Amphictyons against the Phocians The Miseries of the Sacrilegers Timoleon sent to Syracuse AFter the End of this Year Theophilus rul'd as Archon at Athens and Caius Sulpitius and Caius Quintius executed the Consular-Dignity at Rome at which time was celebrated Olymp. 108. 1. Ant. Ch. 346. An. M. 3600. the Hundred and Eighth Olmypiad in which Polycles of Cyrene bore away the Crown of Victory At the same time Philip made an Expedition against the Cities of the Hellespont of which Micaberna and Torone were betray'd into his hands Then he made
330 aid they were the more Couragious and to that degree that they left the Walls and Towers and leap'd out upon the Bridges to oppose the Assailants and Hand to Hand fought it out smartly in the Defence of their Country There were some that with Axes cut off whole Limbs at once of all that were in their way For among the rest there was one Admetus a Macedonian Captain a strong and valiant Man in the heat of his Contest with the Tyrians had his Head cloven in the midst with an Ax and so Perish'd Alexander seeing that the Tyrians had the better on 't and Night approaching sounded a Retreat And indeed at first he had thoughts to raise his Siege and to go on with his Expedition into Aegypt But he presently chang'd his Mind looking upon it as Base and Dishonourable to give up all the Glory to the Tyrians And therefore set himself again to carry on the Siege though he had only one of his Friends call'd Amyntas the Brother of Andromenes who approv'd of his Resolution Having therefore encourag'd the Macedonians to stick to him and furnish'd his Fleet with all things necessary he besieg'd the City both by Sea and Land And observing that part of the Wall near the Arsenal was weaker than the rest he brought all his Gallies which carry'd his best Engines chain'd fast together to that Place There he attempted an Act which the Beholders scarcely believ'd though they saw it with their Eyes For he cast a Plank from a Wooden Tower with one end upon the Battlements of the Walls as a Bridge and by this himself alone mounted the Rampire not regarding any Danger nor in the least affrighted with the violent Assaults of the Tyrians but in the View of that Army which had conquer'd the Persians he shew'd his own Personal Ant. Ch. 33â— Valour and call'd to the Macedonians to follow him and was the first that came to handy strokes with the Enemy and killing some with his Spear others with his Sword and tumbling down many with the Bosies of his Buckler he thus allay'd the Courage of his Adversaries In the mean time the Rams batter'd down a great Part of the Wall in another Place Tyre taken And now the Macedonians enter'd through the Breach on one side and Alexander with his Party pass'd over the Wall in another so that the City was now taken yet the Tyrians valiantly bestirr'd themselves and encouraging one another Guarded and block'd up all the Narrow Passes and fought it out to the last Man insomuch as above Seven thousand were cut in pieces upon the Place the King made all the Women and Children Slaves and hung up all the young Men that were left to the number of Two thousand And there were found so great a Number of Captives that though the greatest Part of the Inhabitants were transported to Carthage yet the remainder amounted to Thirteen thousand Into so great Miseries fell the Tyrians after they had endur'd a Siege of seven Months with more Obstinacy than Prudence Then the King took away the Golden Chains from the Image of Apollo and caus'd this God to be call'd * That is a Lover of Alexder Apollo Philaxandrus When he had offer'd splendid Sacrifices to Hercules and rewarded those who had signaliz'd their Valour he honourably buried the Dead and made one Ballonymus King of Tyre But it would be a thing justly to be condemn'd to neglect to give a further and larger Account of this Man whose Advancement and wonderful change of Condition was so extraordinary After Alexander had gain'd the City Strato the former Prince by reason of his Faithfulness Ballonymus his wonderful Advancement Curtius calls him Abdolonymus Lib. 4. C. 1. Vid. Just Lib. 11. Ant. Ch. 330 to Dariâ—s was depriv'd of the Command upon which the King gave Power and Liberty to Hephestion to bestow the Kingdom of Tyre upon which of his Friends he pleas'd Hephestion hereupon minding to gratify one where he had been courteously entertain'd resolv'd to Invest him with the Principality of Tyre but he though he was very Rich and Honourable above the rest of his Fellow Citizens yet because he was not of the Lineage of the Kings refus'd it Then Hephestion wish'd him to name some one that was of the Royal Blood He thereupon told him of one who was a very prudent and good Man but extream Poor Hephestion hereupon forthwith grants the Principality to him and the Officer assign'd for this Purpose hastens away with the Royal Robes and finds him in an Orchard in Rags drawing of Water for his Hire Having inform'd him of the Change and Alteration of his Condition he cloath'd him with the Robe and other Ornaments becoming his State and Dignity and then introduc'd him into the Forum and there declar'd him King of Tyre Which unexpected and wonderful Occurrence was very grateful and acceptable to the People Thus he obtain'd the Kingdom and was ever after a most faithful Friend to Alexander and an Example to all that are unacquainted with the sudden and various Turns of Fortune in this World Having now related the Acts of Alexander we shall turn to affairs elsewhere In Europe Agis King of Lacedaemon having listed Eight thousand Mercenaries who The Aâ—â—s of Agis escap'd from the Battel at Issus began some new disturbances in favour of Darius For having receiv'd from him a great Sum of Money and a Fleet he sail'd into Creet and reducing many Towns there he forc'd them to side with the Persians Amyntas likewise an Exile of Macedonia who had fled to Darius and sided with the Persians in Cilicia escaping with Four thousand Mercenaries out of the Battel of Issus pass'd over to Tripolis The Acts of Amyntas Ant. Ch. 330. in Phenicia before Alexander's arrival and there made choice only of so many of the Navy as would transport his Soldiers and burnt the rest With these he sail'd to Cyprus and from thence being well furnish'd with Soldiers and Shipping he pass'd over to Pelusium and having entred the City he pretended that Darius sent him to be their General because the late Governor of Aegypt was kill'd in the Battel in Cilicia Thence he sail'd to Memphis and routed the Inhabitants in a Field-fight near to the City who not long after set upon the Soldiers stragling out of the Town and plundering the Country as they were in that disorder carrying away what they could get cut off Amyntas and every Man with him Amyntas kill'd In this manner Amyntas as he was projecting great Matters was suddenly disappointed and lost his Life So likewise other Officers and Captains of the Army that surviv'd the Battel of Issus still cleav'd to the Persian Interest For some secur'd convenient Cities and Garisons for Darius and others procur'd several Provinces to raise Soldiers for him and provide other things necessary as the present Exigency of affairs required In the mean time the General Senate of Greece made
of all the Elephants in that Tract and receiv'd the Indians into his Protection Thence he mov'd to the River Indus where being furnish'd with some Ships of Thirty Oars a piece with them he made a Bridge over the River and continu'd in that place Ant. Ch. 326. for thirty days space to refresh his Army and there offer'd magnificent Sacrifices to the Gods After he had pass'd over his Forces there hapned something unusual and remarkable One Taxilis who formerly reign'd in that Country being lately dead his Son Mophis succeeded him this Mophis some time before had sent an Ambassador to Alexander when he was in Sogdiana to offer him his Assistance against the Indians that were then preparing to oppose him and likewise promis'd to deliver up his Kingdom into the King's hands When the King was Thirty Furlongs distant Mophis and his Friends march'd towards him with a well-appointed Army and Elephants adorn'd and fitted for Battel When Alexander saw so numerous an Army advance he believ'd the Indian had made a Cloak of his Promises to cover his Fraud by that means to surprize the Macedonians at unawares therefore he commanded the Trumpets to give the Sign of Battel and drew up his Army in Battalia and advanc'd towards the Indians But Mophis being inform'd of the sudden Commotion that was amongst the Macedonians easily judging what was the occasion commanded his Army to make an halt and he himself with a few in his Company posts away and presently undeceives the Macedonians by delivering up himself and his Army which was the Strength of the Kingdom into the Power of the King who was so well pleas'd with what the Barbarian had done that he restor'd him to his Kingdom and ever after found Taxiles for so he was call'd his constant and faithful Friend and Associate And these were the Transactions of this Year CHAP. X. Alexander overcomes Porus. How Apes are taken Strange Serpents for Venem Large Trees Marches against the Andrastians Catheri and against Sophithes The Custom of them under Sophithes Indian Dogs Entertain'd by Phigeus The Macedonians refuse to march against the Gandarides Alexander leaves Monuments behind him at the River Hyphasis Nicea built and Bucephalis The Ibori present Alexander Routs the Agalassians In danger in the River Indas by Whirlpools Marches against the Oxidracans and Mallians The King leaps off the Wall into the Town A Duel between Coragus and Dioxippus The Sambestae submit to Alexander and the Sodrans and Massanians Subdues Musicanus Porticanus and Sambus Poison'd Weapons The King's Dream Comes into the main Ocean Comes into Gedrosia The Savageness of the People His Army near perishing in Gedrosia Comes into Carmania Punishes the Bormcial Goremours Nearchus returns Islands cover'd at high Tides The strange Death of Calanus Alexander marrieth Statira Harpalus his Luxury He seizes with his own Hand them that mutiny'd AT the time when Chremes was Lord Chancellor at Athens and Publius Cornelius and Olymp. 113. 2. Ant. Ch. 325. An. M. 3623. Aulus Posthumius executed the Consulship at Rome Alexander after he had refresh'd his Army in the Province of Taxilis march'd against Porus Prince of the Neighbouring Indians who had in his Army above Fifty thousand Foot Three thousand Horse above a Thousand Chariots and an Hundred and thirty Elephants and was confederated with another Neighbouring King call'd Embisarus not inferior in Power to Porus. Alexander's Battel with Porus. Alexander understanding that he was not above 400 Furlongs distant from Porus advanc'd with a Resolution to fight him before the other join'd him Porus perceiving him to approach drew up his Horse in two Wings His Elephants so accountred as to terrifie his Enemies he plac'd at equal distances one from another in the Front and lin'd them with his arm'd Men who were commanded to guard and defend them from Darts and Arrows in the Flank The whole Army drawn up thus in Battalia seem'd like a City For the Elephants stood like so many Towers and the Soldiers plac'd among them resembled the Walls Alexander on the other hand observing how his Enemies were drawn up so dispos'd and order'd his own Men as the present Circumstances of his Affairs then requir'd The Horse engag'd in the first place and thereupon almost all the Indians Chariots were presently broken in pieces Afterwards the Elephants being made use of by the mighty Bulk of their Bodies and their great Strength bore down and trod underfoot Ant. Ch. 325. many of the Macedonians others were catch'd up in their Trunks and toss'd into the Air and then fell down again with great violence upon the Earth and so miserably perish'd Many likewise were so rent and torn by their Teeth that they died forthwith However the Macedonians with invincible Courage indur'd all the Hardships wherewith they were press'd and with their * The Macedonian Pikes Sarissas kill'd the Soldiers that guarded the Elephants So that now they fought upon equal Terms and not long after the Beasts being ply'd with Darts on every side and not being able longer to endure the many Wounds they receiv'd their Riders were not able to rule them insomuch as they furiously rush'd backwards and broke in upon their own Regiments and trode many of them underfoot which caus'd great disturbance and consusion Upon which Porus mounted upon the Bravest Elephant seeing how things were like to be commanded Forty of those that were not as yet startled and affrighted to be plac'd round about him And with these he made so desperate and sierce a Charge that he made a sad Slaughter amongst the Macedonians especially being a Man of the strongest Body of all those that were with him for he was five Cubits high and in bulk proportionable so that his Breast-plate was twice as big as any of the rest of the most strongest Men amongst them and he threw a Dart with as great force as if it had been shot out of an Engine But this extraordinary Strength of Porus did not at all terrifie the Macedonians that were plac'd in the front against him Alexander therefore commanded the Archers and light-arm'd Men with all their Darts and Arrows to make at Porus himself who did as they were commanded So that such a multitude of Archers were got in one Body together and such Showers of Darts and Arrows pour'd out upon him that they could not possibly miss their Mark Porus overcome Porus at length having fought with great Valour and Resolution by multitude of Wounds lost so much Blood as that his Spirits fail'd him and he fell down from his Beast to the Ground Upon which it being presently spread abroad that the King was dead the rest of the Indians fled and thereupon a great Slaughter was made amongst ' em Thus Alexander having gain'd this glorious Victory at length commanded his Trumpets Ant. Ch. 325. to sound a Retreat But there were kill'd in this Battel above Twelve thousand Indians amongst whom were Two Sons of
the things done by Alexander to the time of his Death This present Book relating the Actions of those who succeeded ends with the Year next before the Reign of Agathocles which makes an History of Seven Years CHAP. I. Quarrels about a Successor to Alexander Arideus made King The Provinces divided amongst the Chief Commanders Matters contain'd in Alexander's Note-Books Meleager executed by Perdiccas The Grecians revolt A Description of Asia Pithon sent against the revolting Grecians who were all cut off The Lamian War The cause of it Alexander's Epistle to the Exiles Leosthenes the Athenian General Lamia besieg'd Leosthenes kill'd Antiphilus plac'd in his room WHen Cephisodorus was Chief Magistrate of Athens the Romans created Olymp. 114. 2. Ant. Ch. 321. Lucius Furius and Decius Jovius Consuls About which time Alexander being now dead without Issue and so the Government without a Head there arose great Dissentions and Differences about the Empire For the * The Macedonian Phalanx Foot were for setting up of †Arideus the Son of Philip by one Philima of Larissa a Strumpet Justin l. 13. c. 2. Plut. Arideus the Son of Philip a weak-spirited Man labouring under many natural Infirmities But the Chiefest of the Nobility and Esquires of the Body met together in Council and being join'd with the Squadron of Horse call'd the Social they resolv'd to try it out with the Macedonian Phalanx Therefore they sent the most eminent Commanders among whom Meleager was the Chief to the Foot to require them to observe Commands But Meleager who was the most Eminent Man of the Phalanx as soon as he came to the Battalion which was of the greatest Account and Esteem in the Army he said nothing at all of the Business for which they were sent but on the contrary highly commended them for their Choice and stirr'd them up against the Opposers Whereupon the Macedonians created Meleager their Captain and with their Arms made out against the contrary Party Ant. Ch. 321. Those of the King's Life-guard and Esquires of the Body march'd likewise out of Babylon in order to fight but the most Interested and Popular Men amongst them endeavour'd all they could to make Peace on both sides Upon which it was presently agreed Arideus made King that Arideus the Son of Philip should be made King and call'd Philip and that Perdiccas to whom the late King when he was upon the point of death deliver'd his Ring should be invested with the * Lord Protecter Executive Power of the Kingdom and order'd that the Esquires of the Body and the Chief Commanders should govern the Provinces and all be observant to the Commands of the King and Perdiccas Arideus being thus made King he call'd together a General Council of the chief Commanders The Provinces divided and to Ptolomeus Lagus he committed the Government of Aegypt to Laomedon of Mitylene Syria to Philotas Cilicia to Python Media to Eumenes Cappadocia and Paphlagonia and the bordering Countries which were never entred by Alexander all the time of his Wars with Darius through want of convenient Opportunity To Antigonus he assign'd the Command of Lycia and the greater Phrygia to Cassander Caria to * Meleager for Menander Ush Ann 290 Arrian lib. 3. p. 56. Meleager Lydia to Leonatus Phrygia all along the Coast of the Hellespont And in this manner were the Provinces divided In Europe Thrace with the Nations bordering upon the Sea of Pontus were committed to Lysimachus and Macedonia with those bordering upon it to Antipater As for the rest of the Asian Provinces it was thought most adviseable not to alter but to leave them under the Government of the former Lord Lieutenants The Province next adjoining was intrusted with Taxilis and the Kings bordering upon him But the Province adjoining to Mount Caucasus call'd Parapamisus was assign'd to Oxiertes Ant. Ch. 321. King of the Bactrians whose Daughter Rhoxana Alexander had marry'd Arachesia and Gedrosia to Sybirtius Ariana and Drangina to Stasanoris of Solos Bactriana and * Sardiana for Sogdiana Sardiana were allotted to Philip Parthia and Hyrcania to Phrataphernes Persia to Peucestes Carmania to Tlepolemus Media to Atrapas The Province of Babylon to Archon and Mesopotamia to Arcesilaus Seleucus he created General of the brave Brigade of the Social Horse Hephestion was the first Commander of that Brigade then Perdiccas and the third was this Seleucus He order'd that Taxiles and Porus should enjoy the absolute Authority within their own Kingdoms as Alexander himself had before appointed The care of the * The laying of the Body to sleep at rest Funeral and of preparing a Chariot to convey the King's Body to Hammon was committed to Arideus But as for Craterus the most Noble of Alexander's Captains he was some time before sent by Alexander with Ten thousand of the old Soldiers that were discharg'd from further Service in the Persian War into Cilicia to put in Execution some Instructions in writing given him by the King which after the King's Death his Successors determin'd should be no further proceeded in For Perdiccas finding in the King's Commentaries not only the vast Sums of Money intended to be expended in the Funeral of Hephestion but likewise many other things of extraordinary Cost and Charge design'd by the King he judg'd it far more advisable to let them alone But lest he should seem to take too much upon him Ant. Ch. 321. and by his private Judgment to detract from Alexander's Wisdom and Discretion he referr'd all these Matters to the determination of a General Council of the Macedonians The Chief and the most considerable Heads of the King's purposes contain'd in his * Commentaries Books of Remembrance were these That a Thousand long Ships larger than those of three Tire of Oars should be built in Phaenicia Syria Cilicia and Cyprus in order to an Invasion Things set down in Alexander's Commentaries upon the Carthaginians and others inhabiting the Sea Coasts of Africa and Spain with all Islands adjoyning as far as Sicily 2. That a Plain and Easie way should be made straight along through the Sea Coasts of Africa to Hercules his Pillars 3. That Six magnificent Temples should be built and that Fifteen hundred Talents should be expended in the Cost of each of them 4. That Arsenals and Ports should be made in Places convenient and fit for the Reception of so great a Navy 5. That the new Cities should be planted with Colonies and that People should be transplanted out of Asia into Europe and others out of Europe into Asia to the end that by Intermarriages and mutual Affinities he might establish Peace and Concord between the two main Continents of the World Some of the Temples before-mention'd were to be built in Delos Delphos and Dodona Some in Macedonia as the Temple of Jupiter in Dio Diana's Temple in Amphipolis another to Minerva in * Corsica Ant. Ch. 321. Cyrnus To which Goddess he
upon him the Government a Warlike Prince and in all respects accomplish'd for the Kingdom who joining Battle with the Persians and behaving himself with great Gallantry and Resolution was kill'd in the Fight and his Son Ariamnes succeeded him in the Kingdom To whom were born two Sons Ariarathes and Holophernes And after he had Reign'd 50 Years he dyed Holofernes having done nothing memorable and the Elder of his Sons Ariarathes succeeded him who it's said bore so great and tender a Love to his Brother that he advanc'd him to the highest degree of Honour and Preferment And sent him to join with the Persians in the War against the Aegyptians who after return'd loaden with many and large marks of Honour conferr'd upon him by Ochus for his Valour and dy'd in his own Country leaving behind him two Sons Ariarathes and Arysses And that his Brother the King of Cappadocia * Gr. having no legal Issue having no legal Issue adopted Ariarathes his Brother 's Eldest Son About this time Alexander the Macedonian King ruin'd the Persian Empire and presently after dy'd But Perdiccas who had the chief Command sent Eumenes as General into Cappadocia who subdu'd and kill'd Ariarathes and brought Cappadocia and all the bordering Territories into the the power of the Macedonians But Ariarathes the adopted Son of the former King despairing for the present to regain the Kingdom with a few followers fled into Armenia But Eumenes and Berdiccas both dying not long after and Antigonus and Seleucus imbroil'd in War one with another Ariarathes with the help of Arcloathus King of Armenia who furnish'd him with forces routed and kill'd Amyntas the Macedonian General and presently drave all the Macedonians out of the Country and recover'd his Kingdom He had 3 Sons the Eldest of which Ariamnes succeeded him who join'd in affinity with Antiochus Theos and Married his Eldest Son Ariarathes to Stratonice Antiochus his Daughter And for the great love he had to him above all his Children â—e set the Diadem upon his Head and made him Co-parther with him in the Kingdom and after the death of his Father he reign'd alone Then he dying Ariarathes his Son of a very tender Age succeeded He Marry'd Antiochide the Daughter of Antiochus the great a very subtile Woman Who because she bore no Children to make up that defect contriv'd unknown to her Husband a suppositious Birth as if she had Born two Sons which were call'd Ariarathes and Holofernes But not long after she conceiv'd in reality and unexpectedly was deliver'd of two Daughters and one Son call'd Mithridates Upon this she acquainted her Husband with the Imposture and so wrought with him that she prevail'd with him to send away the Eldest of the two Sons with a small Sum of Money to Rome and the other into Ionia lest they should challenge the Kingdom from him that was lawful Heir to the Crown who after he came to Man's Estate its said was call'd Ariarathes and was Educated in all the learning of Greece and was a Person accomplish'd with all manner of Virtuous Endowments That the Father who was wonderfully belov'd by the Son strove all he could to repay his Son's love again And their mutual endear'd affections one towards another went so far that the Father would have given up the whole Kingdom into the Hands of the Son but the Son on the other side told him he could not possibly accept of so great an advantage from living Parents After therefore his Father dy'd he succeeded spending the rest of his life very virtuously and in the study of Philosophy So that Cappadocia which was before little known to the Grecians was now a desireable place of Residence for all learned Men He renew'd the League of Peace and Friendship with the Romans And in this manner is the Pedegree of those that have hitherto reign'd in Cappadocia brought down from Cyrus 4. For Statues are made of such Romans as are of noble Families in near resemblance of the Persons and according to the whole proportion of their Bodies For all their life long they have some who observe their Mien and Deportment and the special remarks of every part exactly Likewise every Mans Ancestor * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 stands in that Habit and in those Ornaments and is so clearly represented that every one knows the Person as soon as he looks upon him and to what degree of Honour every one was advanc'd and what Share and Interest they had in the Commonwealth 5. * Rather Fulvius Olymp. 156 4. Ant. Ch. 151. Memmius was sent General with an Army into Spain But the * Lusitanians now Portugals Lusitanians just upon his Landing fell upon him and routed him and cut off most of his Army When this success of the Iberians was nois'd abroad the Araucians who look'd upon themselves to be far better Soldiers than the Iberians slighted and contemn'd the Enemy and upon this ground and confidence chiefly it was that in their general Council they determined to make War upon the Romans * Araucians now of Aurang Out of the 32d BOOK Fragment 1. ALexander fled out of the Fight with 500 Men to a City in Arabia call'd This was Alexander Epiphanes King of Syria and this Battle was with Ptolometor near Antioch Olymp. 158. 3. Ant. Ch. 144. See Mac. 1. Mac. 10. c. Joseph lib. 13. c. 8. Abas to Diocles the Prince there with whom he had before entrusted his Son Antiochus a Child of very tender Age. Afterwards the Chief Commanders who were about Heliades and had been with Alexander plotting to assassinate Alexander sent away some Messengers privately from among themselves promising secretly to Murder him Demetrius consenting to what they propos'd they became both Traitors and Murderers of their Prince We might be justly condemn'd if we should pass in silence that which happen'd before the death of Alexander tho' for the strangeness of the thing it be scarce credible King Alexander a little before these times consulted with the Oracle in Silicia where they say is the Temple of Apollo of Sarpedon and it is reported that the Oracle made Answer that he should take heed of that place which should bring forth a God of two shapes This Divine Hint was then taken for a Riddle but after the King was dead the Truth was discover'd in this manner For in Abas a City of Arabia dwelt one Diophantus a Macedonian This Man Marry'd an Arabian Woman by whom he had a Strange Stories of Hermaphrodites Heraides became a Man Son call'd after his own Name and a Daughter call'd Heraides His Son dy'd while he was young But he gave a Portion to his Daughter when she was grown up and Marry'd her to one Semiades who after he had liv'd with his Bride one year undertook a long Journey In the mean time it is reported that Heraides fell into a strange and wonderful distemper such as is scarce credible For she had a
Expedition of the Galls against Italy The Romans routed by the Galls at the river Allia Rome taken by the Galls Romans besieg'd in the Capitol The Volsci revolt from the Romans The Galls routed by Marcus Furius in their Return All cut off afterwards in the Plains of Trausium 404 BOOK XV. Chap. 1. THE Preface Artaxerxes Expedition against Evagoras in Cyprus The Actions there at Sea and Land The Lacedemonians begin new Quarrels in Greece As first with Mantinea Dionysius gives himself to Poetry Peace concluded with Evagoras by Orontes the Persian General Terabazus brought to his Trial. Judgment upon corrupt Judges Terabazus acquitted 409 410 Chap. 2. Mantinea besieg'd by the Lacedemonians Dionysius aims to gain the Islands of the Adriatick Sea The Parii built Pharos Dionysius his Expedition into Hetruria Prepares for War against the Carthaginians The Sicilians routed at Cronion The Quarrel between the Clazomenians and them of Cuma about Leuca The War between Amyntas and the Olynthians The Lacedemonians seize the Citadel Cadmea at Thebes Eudamidas breaks into the Olynthians Country 414 Chap. 3. Polypidas sent General by the Lacedemonians against the Olynthians A great Plague in Carthage The Boetian War Cadmea retaken A Confederacy of the Cities against the Lacedemonians Cleombrotus attempts to surprize the Pyreum at Athens The Athenians seize Actea in Eubaea Agesilaus enters Boetia The Sea-fight at Naxus 418 Chap. 4. The Treballians make Incursions into Thrace Chabrias the Athenian General assassinated The Thebans rout the Spartans at Orchomena Artaxerxes seeks to make Peace among the Grecians Peace concluded Thebans only disagreed The Commendation of Epaminondas Seditions in several Cities of Greece 423 Chap. 5. The Persians send an Army into Aegypt to reduce the Revolters Iphicrates a skilful Commander Sedition at Zacynthus Platea raz'd by the Thebans The Lacedemonians seize upon the Island Corcyra The Siege of Corcyra rais'd by the Athenians under Cresides Evagoras in Cyprus murther'd by an Eunuch Dreadful Earthquakes and Inundations in Peloponnesus A great Comet seen in Greece 425 Chap. 6. Artaxerxes sends again to make Peace among the Grecians All comply'd but the Thebans The Spartans raise an Army against the Thebans Epaminondas made the Theban General The famous Battel of Leuctra The terrible Seditions and Cruelites in Argos Jason of Pherae stirs up the Thessalians to gain the Soveraignty of Greece Polydore Prince of Pherea in Thessaly poyson'd by his Brother Alexander Plots to depose Alexander King of Macedonia treated with to that purpose 429 Chap. 7. The Lacedemonians send Politropus into Arcadia who is slain and his Party routed by Lycomedes An Invasion by Epaminondas and Pelopidas into Peloponnesus Sparta besieg'd The Antiquity and History of Messena in Greece Pallane taken by Arcadians A wall drawn between Cenchrea and Lechcum to hinder the Thebans inroad into Peloponnesus Epaminondas breaks through into Peloponnesus Assaults Corinth 434 Chap. 8. Dionysius sends Galls and Spaniards to the assistance of the Lacedemonians Pelopidas and Ismenias clapt up by Alexander Tyrant of Pherea The Boetians pursu'd by the Phereans brought off by Epaminondas then a private Soldier The Fight between the Arcadians and Lacedemonians Dionysius falls upon the Carthaginian Territories in Sicily Dionysius dyes The cause of his death The cruelty of Alexander the Pherean at Schotusa Epaminondas breaks again into Peloponnesus Coos peopled and Wall'd The end of the Laconick and Boetick War by the Mediation of the Persian King 438 Chap. 9. New Stirs in Greece The Battel between the Eleans and Arcadians near Lassion The Quarrel between the Pisate and them of Elis about the Olympick Games A Fight at the Time and Place of the Games The Thebans prepare a Fleet in order to gain the Dominion at Sea Rhodes Chios and Byzantium brought in to the Thebans by Epaminondas The Thebans make War upon Orchomenon The Reason Orchomenon raz'd The Thessalians War with Alexander the Pherean Pelopidas kill'd His Praises 441 Chap. 10. The War between the Tegeans and Mantineans Boetians side with the Tegeans Epaminondas made General The Battel at Mantinca where Epaminondas was kill'd but the Lacedemonians routed The Commendation of Epaminondas 443 Chap. 11. A Defection from the Persians in Asia Tachos King of Aegypt declares War against the Persians The War between Tachos and his Son Nectabanus The death of Artaxerxes Mnemon Agesilaus routs the Aegyptians that pursu'd him and restores Tachos to his Kingdom Stirs again in Greece after the Battel of Mantinea between the Megalopolitans and the neighbouring Towns Peparethos besieg'd by Alexander of Pherea He routs Leostenes at Sea Charietes the Athenian Admiral his Villanies 473 BOOK XVI Chap. 1. PHilip an Hostage at Thebes makes his Escape beats the Athenians after makes Peace with them subdues the Peons and routs the Illyrians and makes Peace with them 477 Chap. 2. The Actions of Dionysius the younger in Sicily and other parts Dion's Flight to Corinth and his Return to Sicily Andromachus peoples Tauromenum The Civil Wars in Eubea The Social War between the Athenians and other Nations Philip takes Amphipolis and other Cities His Policies to gain the Olynthians and other Places in Greece 479 Chap. 3. Dion's March and Entring into Syracuse Dionysius comes to the Island part of Syracuse Assaults the Wall erected from Sea to Sea is beaten by Dion Alexander of Pherea murdered by his Wife and his two Brothers Philip relieves the Thessalonians from the two Brothers 481 Chap. 4. The first rise of the Brutii in Italy Dionysius his Admiral invades the Leontines A Fight at Sea between Heraclides and Philistus Admirals one of Dionysius the other of Dion A Faction in Syracuse Dion leaves the Syracusians Their sad Condition Reliev'd by Dion 484 Chap. 5. A Continuance of the Social War Iphicrates and Timotheus join'd Admirals with Chrates by the Athenians Iphicrates and Timotheus accus'd by Chrates and fin'd and remov'd Chrates joins with Pharnabasus and routs the Persians The end of the Social War Philip subdues the Confederates 487 Chap. 6. The Beginning of the Sacred War or Phocian War Philomelus seizes the Temple at Delphos after he had routed the Locrians How the Oracle at Delphos was first discover'd and the beginning of the Tripode The Athenians and others join with Philomelus 488 Chap. 7. The Battel at Phoedra between Philomelus and the Locrians The Parties ingag'd in the Phocian War The Battel between the Beotians and Phocians Philomelus kill'd Onomarchus made General His Dream Successes and Death 490 Chap 8. Phayllus continues the Phocian War Aryca raz'd Phayllus dyes of a Consumption War between the Lacedemonians and Megapolitans Chaeronea taken by Phalecus War between the Persians Aegyptians and Phenicians Salamis in Cyprus besieg'd The cruelty of Artaxerxes Ochus towards the Sidonians The Calamity of Sidon 494 Chap. 9. Evagoras beheaded in Cyprus Artaxerxes marches against Aegypt and gains all Aegypt by the Policy of Mentor Lost many of his Men at the Lake Sorbonis Mentor advanc'd Mentor's Stratagem to subdue Hemias Prince of
Atarne Zena rais'd by Philip. The King of Aegypt abdicates his Kingdom and flyes to Aethiopia 499 Chap. 10. Philip takes Olynthus and other Cities in the Hellespont The Athenians jealous of Philip and instigated by Demosthenes Philip's Policies The value of the Riches taken out of the Temple at Delphos Dionysius sent presents to Delphos and were taken by the Athenians His Letter to the Athenians The Temple burnt The end of the Phocian War The Punishments decreed by the Amphâ—tyons against the Phocians The Miseries of the Sacrilegers Timoleon sent to Syracuse 502 Chap. 11. Timoleons Expedition into Sicily The Carthaginians Army in Sicily Dionysius returns to Syracuse is beaten by Hircelas Hircelas gains Syracuse Timoleon's escape from Rhegium Timoleon routs Hircelas and gains Syracuse Philip invades the Illyrians Dionysius expell'd Timoleon makes good Laws Philip invades Thrace 508 Chap. 12. The Acts of Timoleon in Sicily The Preparations of the Carthaginians against Timoleon The remarkable Siege of Perinthus by Philip. Pexodorus expells his Brother Adam from the Principality in Cana. Byzantium suddenly besieg'd by Philip. 510 Chap. 13. The Athenians aid Byzantium Philip raises his Siege The Carthaginians transport Forces into Sicily The remarkable Victory of Timoleon over the Carthaginians The Acts of Timoleon in Sicily The Works of Hiero in Sicily 512 Chap. 14. Elata taken by Philip great Consternation in Athens for fear of Philip. The Boetians join with the Athenians through the Solicitation of Demosthenes Python a famous Orator The Battel at Cheronea between Philip and the Athenians Lycides the Athenian General put to death Philip rebuk'd by Demades made General of Greece Timoleon dyes 515 Chap. 15. Philip consults the Oracle at Delphos Philip Marries his Daughter Cleopatra to the King of Epirus Encourag'd to the Persian War by Neoptolemus his Verses Philip's Pride His Murder The Cause of it and how it was done and by whom 517 BOOK XVII Chap 1. COnspiracies of the Cities against Alexander The Athenians send Ambassadors to Alexander to beg Pardon He 's made General by the Amphictyons Attalus kill'd by Alexander's Command The Wickedness of of Bagoas Darius commended Raises Forces A Description of Mount Ida. Alexander invades the Illyrians and others Thebes besieg'd by Alexander and raz'd The Miseries of Thebes Prodigies Alexander demands Demosthenes and others to be deliver'd up to him by the Athenians their Answer He returns into Macedonia and Feasts his Soldiers 521 Chap. 2. Alexander lands his Army in Asia The Battel at Granicum The Forces of the Persians and of Alexander Alexander kills Spithrodates near being kill'd by Rosaces Miletus besieg'd and taken Ada Queen of Caria meets Alexander Halicarnassus Besieg'd Taken and Sack'd The strange Act of the Macedonians 528 Chap. 3. Mytelene taken by Memnon Darius his General his Successes He dyes Charidemus the Athenian unjustly put to Death by Darius Alexander falls sick recover'd by Philippus Alexander seizes Alexander of Lyncestas upon his Mother's Letters Alexander takes Issus The Memorable Battel at Issus where the Mother Wife two Daughters and Son of Darius were taken Alexander's noble carriage towards them Darius his Letters and Offers to Alexander Darius prepares another Army 533 Chap. 4. Alexander marches towards Aegypt Besieges Tyre Prodigies at Tyre The Tyrians bind Apollo with golden chains The Inventions of the Tyrians to defend themselves The advancement of Ballomynus a poor Man to be King of Tyre The Acts of Agis and Amyntas Amyntas kill'd and all his Soldiers Alexander takes Gaza by Storm presented by the Grecians 538 Chap. 5 Alexander makes a Journey to the Temple of Jupiter Hammon He 's presented by the Cyreneans The Description of the place about the Temple The wonderful Properties of the Fountain Solis The Building of Alexandria Alexander's Answer to Darius his Ambassadors Alexander passes over the River Tygris with great Hazard The Preparations on both sides for Battel The Persians routed at that famous Battel at Arbela 542 Chap. 6. The Grecians conspire to Revolt Memnon rebels in Thrace Antipater marches against him The Lacedemonians raise an Army are routed by Antipater and Agis their King kill'd 547 Chap. 7. Alexander comes to Babylon The wealth found there Views his Troops at Sitacana Enters Susa The Riches there Thence goes in the Country of the Uxians Marches towards Persepolis A Company of maim'd Greeks met Alexander His Bounty to them He takes Persepolis gives it up to the Plunder of the Soldiers The Riches of the Citadel of Persepolis Alexander his Feast at Persepolis Persepolis burnt at the Instigation of Thais Darius murder'd 548 Chap. 8. Bessus stirs up the Bactrians Alexander discharges the Greek Auxiliaries with Rewards The River Stidoetes He enters Hircania Its Richness Enters the Mardis Country Loses his brave Horse but is restor'd Thalestris the Amazon Queen meets him He falls into the Effeminacy of the Persians Enters Drangina A Plot against Alexander Philotas and others put to Death Marches against the Arimispi Subdues Arachosia 552 Chap. 9. Alexander marches against the Paromisades His troublesom March. Comes to Mount Caucasus A Battel in Area by Alexander's Officers against Satibarzanes who is kill'd in a single Combat by Erigyus Bessus brought to Alexander his Punishment Alexander kills some Barbarians unexpectedly after they had surrender'd their City He marches to the River Indus Mophis his remarkable delivery up of himself and his Army 556 Chap 10. Alexander overcomes Porus. How Apes are taken Strange Serpents for Venom Large Trees Marches against the Andrastians Catheri and against Sopithes The Custom of them under Sopithes Indian Dogs Entertain'd by Phigeus The Macedonians refuse to march against the Gandarides Alexander leaves Monuments behind him at the River Hyphasis Nicaea built and Bucephalis The Ibori present Alexander Routs the Agalasians In Danger in the River Indus by Whirlpools Marches against the Oxidracans and Mallians The King leaps off the Wall into the Town A Duel between Coragus and Dioxippus The Sambestae submit to Alexander and the Sodrans and Mastanians Subdues Musicanus Porticanus and Sambus Poison'd Weapons The King's Dream Comes into the Main Ocean Comes into Gedrosia The Savages of the People His Army near perishing in Gedrosia Comes into Carmania Punishes the Bormcial Goremours Nearchus returns Islands cover'd at High-Tides The strange Death of Calanus Alexander marrieth Statira Harpalus his Luxury He seizes with his own Hand them that mutiny'd 561 Chap. 11. Alexander mixes Twenty thousand Persian Darters with his Army-Marches from Susa Bagistames breeds abundance of Horses Hephestion dies at Ecbatana The Lamian War He invades the Cosscans Marches towards Babylon The Caldean Astrologers disswade him from coming thither He enters Babylon 569 Chap. 12. Ambassadors come to Alexander from all Parts He buries Hephestion with great State The Prodigies before Alexander's Death His Death Darius his Mother starves her self 570 BOOK XVIII Chap. 1. QUarrels about a Successor to Alexander Aridaus made King The Provinces divided amongst the Chief Commanders Matters contain'd in Alexander's Note-Books
and Herbs Their first way of Living and Colewort Leaves which grew in the Fens and Bogs having first try'd the Taste of them But above all and most commonly they fed upon the Herb call'd Agrostis because it was sweeter than any other and was very nourishing to Mens Bodies And it 's very certain that the Cattel much covet it and grow very fat with it At this Day therefore Superstitious Persons in memory of its usefulness when they Sacrifice to the Gods they worship them with their Hands full of this Herb For they conceive Man from the frame of his Nature and * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from his lightness frothy Constitution to be a watery Creature something resembling the Fenny and Marish Ground and that he hath more need of moist than of dry Food They say the Egyptians afterwards fell to another Course of Diet and that was eating of Fish wherewith they were plentifully supply'd by the River especially after the Inundation when it was return'd within its former Bounds And they eat likewise the Flesh of some Cattel and cloath'd themselves with their Skins That they made their Houses of Reeds of which there are some Marks amongst the Shepherds of Egypt at this day who care for no other Houses but such like which they say serves their turn well enough Afterwards in process of time after many Ages they fell to those Fruits which were made more apt and fit for Mans Food amongst which was Bread made of Lotus which invention some attribute to Isis others to Menas one of the antient Kings The Priests indeed do make †Mercury Hermes the Inventer of all Arts and Sciences but say that their Kings found out all things necessary for the Support of Mens lives and therefore that Kingdoms antiently were not inheritable but given to such as had been most useful and serviceable to the People thereby either to induce their Kings to be kind and beneficial to all their Subjects or for that as most agreeable to the Truth it was a Law registred in their Sacred Records commanding them so to do At the first as some of them i. e. the Priests have fabulously reported the The Kings of Egypt Gods and * Heroes Demy-Gods reign'd in Egypt for the space almost of Eighteen Thousand Years the last of which was Orus the Son of Isis Afterwards they say that Men reign'd there for the space of Fifteen Thousand Years to the Hundred and Eightieth †Ant. Ch. 58. Olympiad at which time I my self came into Egypt in the Reign of * Ptolemy Dionysius the Younger before Christ 58 reign'd with Cleopatra the Year before Christ 49. Ptolemy who took upon him the Name of Dionysius the Younger Most of their Kings were Natives of the Country There were a few in the mean time that were Ethiopians Persians and Macedonians Four of them that were Ethiopians reign'd not in a continued Line but at several times for the space of Thirty Six Years or thereabouts From the time that Cambyses conquer'd the Nation the Persians reign'd for the space of a Hundred Thirty Five Years reckoning the Defections of the Egyptians within the time occasion'd by the intolerable Cruelty of the Governours and their Impiety against the Egyptian Gods Last of all the Macedonians tul'd there for the space of Two Hundred Seventy Six Years The rest of the Princes were Egyptians to the number of Four Hundred and Seventy Men and Five Women The Egyptian Priests keep Registers in their Temples of all their Kings successively from many Generations past to what Greatness and Majesty every one of them arriv'd what were their particular Tempers and Inclinations and their Actions in their several times To write particularly of every one of them as it would be tedious so it would be altogether superfluous inas much as many things concerning them are insignificant and of no use and therefore we have limited our selves to treat only of those Matters that are most remarkable and worthy remembrance After the Gods they say Menas was the First King of Egypt He taught the 1. Menas the First King after the Gods People the Adoration of the Gods and the manner of Divine Worship how to adorn their Beds and Tables with rich Cloaths and Coverings and was the first that brought in a delicate and sumptuous way of Living Many Ages after reign'd Gnephachthus Father of Bocchoris the Wise who leading 2. Gnephachthus an Army into Arabia through many barren and desert Places his Provision fail'd so that for the space of one day he was forc'd to take up with such mean Food as the common People among whom he happen'd then to be could supply him with which he eat so heartily and relisht with so much delight as for the future he forbad all Excess and Luxury and curs'd that King who first brought in that Sumptuous and Luxurious way of Living and this change and alteration of Meat and Drink and Bedding was so delightful to him that he order'd the Curse before mention'd to be enter'd in the Sacred Records in the Temple of Jupiter at Thebes which was the chief Reason why the Fame and Reputation of Menas became to be clouded in future Generations They say the Posterity of Gnephachthus to the number of Fifty Two reign'd for the space of Fourteen Hundred Years in which time there 's found nothing worthy of Remark Afterwards reign'd Busiris and Eight of his Posterity after him the last of 3. Busiris which of the same Name with the First built that great City which the Egyptians call * The City of the Sun Heliopolis the Greeks Thebes it was in Circuit a †About 20 Miles Thebes built Hundred and Forty Furlongs adorn'd with stately publick Buildings magnificent Temples and rich Donations and Revenues to Admiration and that he built all the Private Houses some Four and others Five Stories high And to sum up all in a word made it not only the most beautiful and stateliest City of Egypt but of all others in the World The Fame therefore of the Riches and Grandure of this City was so nois'd abroad in every Place that the Poet Homer takes notice of it in these Words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nor Thebes so much renown'd Hom. Illiad lib. 9. Whose Courts with unexhausted Wealth abound Where through a Hundred Gates with Marble Arch To Battel Twenty Thousand Chariots march Although there are some that say it had not a Hundred Gates but that there were many large Porches to the Temples whence the City was call'd Hecatompylus a Hundred Gates for many Gates Yet that it was certain they had in it Twenty Thousand Chariots of War for there were a Hundred Stables all along the River from Memphis to Thebes towards Lybia each of which were capable to hold Two Hundred Horses the Marks and Signs of which are
Vulcan his and his Wives Statues each of one intire Stone Thirty Cubits in height and those of his Sons Twenty Cubits high upon this occasion After his return from his great Expedition into Egypt being at Pelusium his Brother at a Feast having invited him together with his Wife and Children plotted against his Life for being all overcome by Wine and gone to rest he caus'd a great quantity of dry Reeds long before prepar'd for the purpose to be plac'd round the King's Pavilion in the Night and set them all on Fire upon which the Flame suddenly mounted aloft and little assistance the King had either from his Servants or Life-guard who were all still overloaden with Wine Upon which Sesostris with his Hands lift up to Heaven calling upon the Gods for help for his Wife and Children rusht through the Flames and escap'd and so being thus unexpectedly preserv'd he made Oblations as to other of the Gods as is before said so especially to Vulcan as he by whose Favour he was so remarkably deliver'd Although Sesostris was eminent in many great and worthy Actions yet the most stately and magnificent of all was that relating to the Princes in his Progresses For those Kings of the conquer'd Nations who through his Favour still held their Kingdoms and such as had receiv'd large Principalities of his free Gift and Donation came with their Presents and Tributes into Egypt at the times appointed whom he receiv'd with all the Marks of Honour and Respect save that when he went into the Temple or the City his Custom was to cause the Horses to be unharnest out of his Chariot and in their Room Four Kings and other Princes to draw it hereby thinking to make it evident to all that there was none comparable to him for Valour who had conquer'd the most potent and famous Princes in the World This King seems to have excell'd all others that ever were eminent for Power and Greatness both as to his Warlike Atchievements the number of his Gifts and Oblations and his wonderful Works in Egypt After he had reign'd Three and Thirty Years he fell blind and wilfully put an end to his own Life for which he was admir'd not only by Priests but by all Sesostris his Death the rest of the Egyptians for that as he had before manifested the Greatness of his Mind by his Actions so now his End was agreeable by a voluntary Death to the Glory of his Life The Fame and Renown of this King continu'd so fresh down to Posterity that many Ages after when Egypt was conquer'd by the Persians and Darius the Father of Xerxes would set up his Statue at Memphis above that of Sesoosis the Chief Priest in the debating of the matter in the Conclave boldly spoke against it declaring that Darius had not yet exceeded the noble Acts of Sesoosis The King was so far from resenting this that on the contrary he was so pleas'd and taken with this freedom of Speech that he said he would endeavour if he liv'd as long as the other did to be nothing inferiour to him and wisht them to compare things done proportionable to the time for that this was the justest examination and trial of Valour And thus much shall suffice to be said of Sesoosis CHAP V. The Acts of Sesostris the Second Of Ammosis Actisanes Mendes Proteus or Cetes Remphis Chemmis the great Pyramids built by him Cephres Mycerinus Bocchoris Sabach The Reign of Twelve Kings in Egypt Psammetichus Saites one of the Kings gain'd the whole Two Hundred Thousand of his Army forsook him and settle themselves in Ethiopia Apries succeeds long after Amasis rebels and next succeeds and Apries is strangled by the People Amasis the last King to the time of the Conquest of Egypt by Cambyses THE Son of Sesostris succeeded his Father in the Kingdom and took upon him Sesostris the Second call'd Phero by Herodotus the same Name yet perform'd nothing remarkable by his Arms but the Affliction and Misery that befel him was observable for he became blind as his Father did before him deriving the Malady either from his Father in his Birth or as a Judgment upon him for his Impiety against the River against which as it s fabulously reported he threw his Javelin whereupon falling under this Misfortune he was forc'd to apply himself for help to the Gods whom he sought to appease with many Offerings and Sacrifices for a long time together yet could find no Relief till at the end of Ten Years he was directed by the Oracle to go and worship the God of Heliopolis and wash his Face in the Urin of a Woman that Herodot lib. 2. c. 11. never had known any other Man besides her own Husband Hereupon he began with his own Wife and made trial of many others but found none honest except a Gardener's Wife whom he afterwards marry'd when he was recover'd All the Adulteresses he caus'd to be burnt in a little Village which from this Execution the Egyptians call'd the Holy Field to testify his Gratitude to the God of Heliopolis for this great Benefit At the Command of the Oracle he erected Two Obelisks each of one entire Stone Eight Cubits in breadth and a hundred in height and dedicated them to the Deity After this Sesostris the Second were many Successions of Kings in Egypt of whom there 's nothing worth remark to be found But many Ages after Ammosis came Ammosis to the Crown who carry'd it Tyrannically towards his Subjects For he put many to Death against all Law and Justice and as many he stript of all they had and turn'd them out of their Estates and carry'd himself haughtily and proudly in every thing towards all Persons he had to deal with This the poor oppress'd People indur'd for a time while they had no power to resist those that overpower'd them But as soon as Actisanes King of Ethiopia invaded him having now an opportunity to discover their Hatred and to revenge themselves most of his Subjects revolted from him so that he was easily conquer'd and Egypt became subject to the Kings of Ethiopia Actisanes bore his Prosperity with great Moderation and carried himself kindly Actisanes and obligingly towards all his Subjects Against Robbers he contriv'd a notable Device neither putting them that were guilty to Death nor wholly acquitting or discharging them from Punishment For he caus'd all that were guilty to be brought together from all parts of the Country and after a just and strict inquiry and certain Knowledge of their Guilt he order'd all their Noses to be cut off and banisht them into the utmost parts of the Desart and built a City for them call'd from the cutting off of the Noses of the Inhabitants Rhinocorura which is situated in the Confines of Egypt and Syria in a barren Place destitute of all manner of Provision All the Country round about is full of Salt and brackish Ponds and the Wells within the
Pictures and Images where likewise were portray'd the Resemblances of the Kings the Temples and the Sacrifices in most beautiful Colours And such was the Cost and Stateliness of this Sepulcher begun by these Kings that if they had not been dethron'd before it was perfected none ever after could have exceeded them in the state and magnificence of their Works But after they had reign'd over Egypt Fifteen Years all of them but one lost their Sovereignty in the manner following Psammeticus Saites one of the Kings whose Province was upon the Sea Coasts Psammeticus An. Mu. 3288. Ant. Ch. 669. 29 Year of Manasseth King of Judah traffickt with all sorts of Merchants and especially with the Phenicians and Grecians by this means inriching his Province by vending his own Commodities and the importation of those that came from Greece he not only grew very wealthy but gain'd an interest in the Nations and Princes abroad upon which account he was envy'd by the rest of the Kings who for that reason made War upon him Some antient Historians tell a Story That these Princes were told by Herodotus lib. 2. c. 151. the Oracle That which of them should first pour Wine out of a brazen Viol to the God ador'd at Memphis should be sole Lord of all Egypt Whereupon Psammeticus when the Priest brought out of the Temple Twelve Golden Viols pluckt off his Helmet and pour'd out a Wine Offering from thence which when his Collegues took notice of they forbore putting him to death but depos'd him and banish'd him into the Fenns bordering upon the Sea-Coasts Whether therefore it were this or Envy as is said before that gave Birth to this Dissention and Difference amongst them it 's certain Psammeticus hir'd Souldiers out of Arabia Caria and Ionia and in a Field-Fight near the City Moniemphis he got the day Some of the Kings of the other side were slain and the rest fled into Africa and were not able further to contend for the Kingdom Psammeticus having now gain'd possession of the whole built a Portico to the East Gate of the Temple at Memphis in honour of that God and incompass'd the Temple with a Wall supporting it with Colosses of Twelve Cubits high in the room of Pillars He bestow'd likewise upon his Mercenary Souldiers many large Rewards over and above their Pay promis'd them He gave them also a Place call'd Stratopedon to inhabit and divided amongst them by Lot a large piece of Land a little above the Mouth of Pelusium whom Amasis who reign'd many Years after transplanted to Memphis Being therefore that he had gain'd the Kingdom by the help of his stipendary Souldiers he intrusted them chiefly in the concerns of the Government and entertain'd great numbers of Strangers and Foreigners Afterwards undertaking an Expedition into Syria to honour the Foreigners he plac'd them in the right Wing of his Army but out of slight and disregard to the natural Egyptians he drew up them in the Left with which Affront the Egyptians were so incens'd that above Two Hundred Thousand of them revolted and marcht away towards Ethiopia there to settle themselves in new Habitations At first the King sent some of his Captives after them to make an Apology for the Dishonour done them but these not being hearken'd unto the King himself with some of his Nobility follow'd them by Water But they marcht on and entred Egypt near the River Nile where he earnestly entreated them to alter their purpose and to remember their Gods their Country Wives and Children Psammeticu's Army revolt They all cry'd out beating upon their Shields and shaking their Spears that as long as they had Arms in their Hands they could easily gain another Country and then turning aside the Flaps of their Coats they shew'd their Privy Members bawling out That as long as they were so furnish'd they should never want Wives or Children Possess'd with this Resolution and Magnanimity of Mind they despis'd every thing that by all others are highly priz'd and valu'd and setled themselves in a rich and fruitful Soyl in Ethiopia dividing the Land amongst themselves by lot Psammeticus laid this greatly to heart and made it his Business to settle the Affairs of Egypt and to increase his Revenues and enter'd into League with the Athenians and other Grecians and was very kind and liberal to all Strangers that came into Egypt He was so taken with the Grecians that he caus'd his Son to be instructed in the Grecian Learning He was certainly the first of all the Kings of Egypt that incourag'd Foreigners to traffick in his Country giving safe Conduct to all Strangers that sail'd thither For the former Kings allow'd no Strangers to come into Egypt and if any did arrive they either put them to death or made them Slaves And it was the Churlishness of this Nation which caus'd all that noise among the Greeks concerning the Cruelty and Wickedness of Busiris though all was not true as it was related but the extraordinary Severity of the Country gave occasion to the raising of those Fables After Psammticeus and Four Generations past Apries reign'd Two and Twenty Apries Years He invaded with mighty Forces Cyprus and Phenicia and took Sidon by Storm and through Fear and Terror of him brought other Cities of Phenicia into Subjection And having routed the Cyprians and Phenicians in a great Sea-Fight he return'd into Egypt loaden with the Spoils of his Enemies But afterwards sending an Army against Cyrene and Barca he lost most of them at which those that escap'd were extraordinarily inrag'd and suspecting that he imploy'd them in this Expedition on purpose to have them all cut off that he might reign the more securely over the rest they all revolted For Amasis a Amasis Nobleman of Egypt being sent against them by the King not only slighted the King's Commands in endeavouring to make all whole again but on the contrary incited the Rebels to a higher degree of Rage and Indignation against him and turn'd Rebel himself and was created King And not long after when the rest of the People all went over to him the King not knowing what to do was 〈◊〉 to fly for Aid to the stipendiary Souldiers who were about Thirty Thousand but being routed in a Field-Fight near to a Town call'd Marius he was there taken Prisoner and strangl'd Amasis having setl'd his Affairs in Egypt so as he judg'd most conducing to the publick good govern'd the Egyptians with all Justice and Moderation and by this gain'd the good Will of all the People He conquer'd also the Cities of Cyprus and adorn'd the Temples of the Gods with many rich Gifts and Offerings Having reign'd Five and Fifty Years he died about the time Cambyses King of Persia first invaded Egypt in the Third Year of the Sixty Third Olympiad in which Olymp. 63. Ant. Ch. 523. Parmenides of Camarina was Victor CHAP. VI. The Customs of the Egyptians Of their Kings Of
their Hourly Imployment Sacrifices Diet c. Their Burials The division of Egypt Their Trades in Egypt Courts of Justice Their Law Proceedings The several Laws of Egypt Beasts and Birds ador'd in Egypt as Lions Wolves Cats the Bird Ibis Kites c. Costs in their Burial of these Creatures Reasons given of this Adoration SInce sufficient hath been said of the Egyptian Kings from the most ancient The Customs of the Egyptians Times to the Death of Amasis leaving for a while what remains till a more proper time we shall now give a brief account of those Laws and Customs of the Egyptians that are most to be admir'd and may especially delight and profit the Reader For many of the ancient Customs of the Egyptians were not only allow'd by the natural Inhabitants but were greatly admir'd by the Grecians so that every Learn'd Man earnestly coveted to travel into Egypt to learn the Knowledge of their Laws and Customs as things of great weight and moment And though the Country anciently forbad all reception to Strangers for the Reasons before alledg'd yet some of the Ancients as Orpheus and Homer and many of latter times as Pythagoras the Samian and Solon the Lawgiver adventur'd to travel thither And therefore the Egyptians assirm that Letters Astronomy Geometry and many other Arts were first found out by them and that the best Laws were made and instituted by them To confirm which they alledge this as an undeniable Argument that the Native Kings of Egypt have reign'd there for the space of above Four Thousand and Seven Hundred Years and that their Country for all that time has been the most prosperous and flourishing Kingdom in the World which could never have been so if the Inhabitants had not been civilized and brought up under good Laws and Liberal Education in all sorts of Arts and Sciences But we shall omit what Herodotus and other Writers of the Egyptian History relate who wilfully pursue and prefer prodigious Stories before Truth and relate a company of Fictions meerly for Sport and Diversion sake and shall give an Account of such things as we have carefully perus'd and examin'd recorded in their Books by the Egyptian Priests The First Kings of Egypt liv'd not after the way and manner of other Monarchs The way of Living of the First Kings of Egypt to do what they list without Controul but in every thing conform'd themselves to their Laws not only in the publick Administration of the Government but in their daily private Conversation and their very Meals and Diet. For among their Attendants they had neither Slaves for Servants nor such as were born in their Houses but the Sons of the chiefest of the Priests after they attain'd to the Age of Twenty Years brought up and educated more nobly than any other of the rest of the Egyptians that having such noble Attendants upon his Person of the best and highest Rank in the Kingdom to be always with him night and day he might not do any thing that was base and blame-worthy For no Prince is apt to be very wicked except he have some ready at Hand to incourage him in his Lusts There were Hours set apart in the Night as well as the Day wherein the King Hours set apart was to do something injoyn'd him by the Laws and not to indulge himself in his Pleasures When he rose in the Morning the first thing he was to do was to peruse all the publick Letters and Advices sent from all Parts that he might order his Concerns the better by having perfect knowledge of all the Affairs of the Kingdom Then Washing himself and putting on his Splendid Robes and the Ensigns and Badges of his Royal Authority he went to Sacrifice to the Gods When the Victims were brought to the Altar it was the Custom for the High The Priests Prayers for the King Priest in the presence of the King and People standing round about him to pray with a loud Voice for the Health and Prosperity of the King who righteously rul'd and govern'd his Subjects wherein he recounted all the Virtues of the Prince his Piety towards the Gods his kindness to his People how Continent Just Magnanimous and Faithful he was how Bountiful and what a Master he was over all inordinate Appetites and Passions how he was Mild and Gentle in inflicing Punishments upon Offenders less than their Deserts and Bountiful in distributing of his Rewards When the Priest had utter'd these and such like Commendations he at last pronounc'd a Curse upon all such Offences and Miscarriages as had been ignorantly committed yet withal clearing the King and laying all the Blame and Guilt upon his Ministers and Advisers And this the Priest did that he might thereby induce and persuade the King to an Awe of the Gods and to live so as might be pleasing to them and likewise by Praise and Commendation rather gently to win upon him than by harsh and rugged Rebukes to drive him to the practice of Virtuous Actions Afterwards when the King had view'd the Intrals and * Atton'd the Gods by Sacrifice History read finish'd his Sacrifices the Priests read out of the Sacred Records the Edicts Laws and most useful and remarkable Actions of such as were most famous in their Generations that the Prince might seriously consider and ponder upon what was most commendable in those Examples and imitate them according to the Rules there prescrib'd For there were not only set Times allotted for dispatch of publick Business and Administration of Justice but likewise for taking of the Air Bathing lying with the Queen and almost every action of their Lives The Custom was likewise for the Kings to feed upon plain and ordinary Meat Diet. as Veal and Goose and to drink Wine according to a stinted measure which might neither overcharge their Stomacks nor make them drunk Such a moderate Diet was prescrib'd as that it seem'd rather to be order'd by a Skilful Physitian for Health sake than by a Law-maker It is indeed to be admir'd and very strange that the King should not be left to his liberty for his daily Food but much more is it to be admir'd that he could not do any publick Business Condemn or Punish any Man to gratify his own Humour or Revenge or for any other unjust Judgment not to be given to gratify the King's Passion Cause but was bound to do according as the Laws had ordered in every particular case The Kings observing those Rules according to the ancient Custom were so far from thinking it dishonourable or being uneasy under it that they lookt upon themselves to live most desirable and happy Lives and judg'd that all other Men who inconsiderately indulg'd their natural Appetites did many things that were attended with great Losses or apparent Hazards at the least yea that some though they know beforehand that what they were about to do was ill and unjustifiable yet overcome either with
say that it exactly resembles the Statues in Egypt having its Hands stretcht out and its Thighs in a walking Posture But we have now said enough of such things as are remarkable and worthy of memory in Egypt In the next Book according to what we purpos'd in the beginning of this we shall give an account of things done elsewhere and of other Fables and Srories beginning with the Actions of the Assyrians in Asia THE Historical Library OF Diodorus the Sicilian BOOK II. The PREFACE THE Former Book being the First of the whole contains the Affairs of Egypt among which are related what is fabulously reported of the Gods of Egypt and what strange and wonderful Accounts are given of the Nature of Nile and other things concerning that River We have spoken there likewise of the Land of Egypt their ancient Kings and their several Actions and have added the Building of the Pyramids reckon'd amongst the Seven Wonders of the World We have likewise set forth their Laws and Courts of Justice and the strange Adoration of Beasts in Egypt Lastly the manner of their Burials and the Greeks that were famous for Learning and travell'd into Egypt and brought over from thence many useful and profitable Arts and Sciences into Greece In this next Book we shall describe the things done in Asia in ancient times beginning with the Assyrian Empire CHAP. I. Ninus the First King of Assyria His Acts He invades Babylonia Media and overruns several other Countries Nineve built by him the Description of it Marries Semiramis her Descent Derceta the Philistines Dagon His Expedition against Bactria he dies Semiramis builds Babylon and several strange Works there as a Passage under Water Jupiter's Temple c. Hanging Gardens in Babylon A vast Stone cut out The strange property of a Morass Her several Expeditions The wonderful Lake in Ethiopia their Burials there Semiramis's Expedition into India Her mock Elephants Her Expedition proves fruitless She surrenders her Kingdom to Ninyas her Son her End ASIA was anciently govern'd by its own Native Kings of whom there 's no History extant either as to any memorable Actions they perform'd or so much as to their Names Ninus is the First King of Assyria that is recorded in History Ninus Ann. Mun. 2737. Vsher's Ann. Time of Deborah but generally Chronologers make him far more antient Ann. Mun. 2000 Ant. Chr. 1950 about the time of Abraham's Birth he perform'd many great and noble Actions of whom we have design'd to set forth something particularly He was naturally of a Warlike Disposition and very ambitious of Honour and Glory and therefore caus'd the strongest of his Young Men to be train'd up in Martial Discipline and by long and continual Exercise inur'd them readily to undergo all the Toyls and Hazards of War Having therefore rais'd a gallant Army he made a League with Arieus King of Arabia that was at that time full of strong and valiant Men. For that Nation are constant Lovers of Liberty never upon any Terms admitting of any Foreign Prince And therefore neither the Persian nor the Macedonian Kings after them though they were most powerful in Arms were ever able to conquer them For Arabia being partly Desart and partly parcht up for want of Water unless it be in some secret Wells and Pits known only to the Inhabitants cannot be subdu'd by any Foreign Force Ninus therefore the Assyrian King with the Prince of Arabia his Assistant with a numerous Army invaded the Babylonians then next bordering upon him For the Babylon that is now was not built at that time but the Province of Babylon had in it then many other considerable Cities whose Inhabitants he easily subdu'd being rude and unexpert in Matters of War and impos'd upon them a Yearly Tribute but carried away the King with all his Children Prisoners and after put them to Death Afterwards he entred Armenia with a great Army and having overthrown some Cities he struck Terror into the rest and thereupon their King Barzanus seeing himself unable to deal with him met him with many rich Presents and submitted himself whom Ninus out of his generous dissition courteously receiv'd and gave him the Kingdom of Armenia upon condition he should be his Friend for the future and supply him with Men and Provision for his Wars as he should have occasion Being thus strengthen'd he invaded Media whose King Pharnus coming out against him with a mighty Army was utterly routed and lost most of his Men and was taken Prisoner with his Wife and Seven Children and afterwards Crucified Crucify'd Ninus being thus successful and prosperous his Ambition rose the higher and his desire most ardent to conquer all in Asia which lay between Tanais and Nile so far does Prosperity and Excess in getting much inflame the Desire to gain and compass more In order hereunto he made one of his Friends Governor of the Province of Media and he himself in the mean time marcht against the other Provinces of Asia and subdu'd them all in Seventeen Years time except the Indians and Bactrians But no Writer has given any Account of the several Ninus Conquers several Countries Battels he fought nor of the number of those Nations he conquer'd and therefore following Ctesias the Cnidian we shall only briefly run over the most famous and considerable Countries He over-ran all the Countries bordering upon the * Mediterranean Sea together with the adjoining Continent as Egypt and Phenicia Celo-Syria Cilicia Pamphylia Lycia Caria Phrygia Mysia and Lydia the Province of Troas and Phrygia upon the Hellespont together with Propontis Bithynia Cappadocia and the Barbarous Nations adjoyning upon Pontus as far as to Tanais he gain'd likewise the Country of the Caddusians Tarpyrians Hyrcanians Dacians Derbians Carmanians Choroneans Borchanians and Parthians He pierc'd likewise into Persia the Provinces of Susiana and that call'd Caspiana through those narrow Straits which from thence are call'd the Caspian Gates He subdu'd likewise many other less considerable Nations which would be too tedious here to recount After much toyl and labour in vain because of the difficulty of the Passes and the multitude of those Warlike Inhabitants he was forc'd to put off his War against the Bactrians to another opportunity Having marcht back with his Army into Syria he markt out a Place for the building of a stately City For in as much as he had surpast all his Ancestors in the glory and success of his Arms he was resolv'd to build one of that state and grandeur as should not only be the greatest then in the World but such as none that ever should come after him should be able easily to exceed The King of Arabia he sent back with his Army into his own Country with many rich Spoils and noble Gifts And he himself having got a great number of his Forces together and provided Mony and Treasure and other things necessary for the purpose built a City near the River Euphrates very
to such as should kill Belesis or take him alive But none being wrought upon by these Promises he fought them again and destroy'd many of the Rebels and forc'd the rest to fly to their Camp upon the Hills Arbaces being disheartn'd with these Misfortunes call'd a Council of War to consider what was sit further to be done The greater part were for returning into their own Countries and possess themselves of the strongest Places in order to fit and furnish themselves with all things further necessary for the War But when Belesis the Babylonian assur'd them that the Gods promis'd that after many Toyls and Labours they should have good Success and all should end well and had us'd several other Arguments such as he thought best he prevail'd with them to resolve to run through all the hazards of the War Another Battle therefore was fought wherein the King gain'd a third Victory and pursu'd the Revolters as far as to the Mountains of Babylon In this Fight Arbaces himself was wounded though he fought stoutly and slew many of the Assyrians with his own Hand After so many Defeats and Misfortunes one upon the neck of another the Conspirators altogether despair'd of Victory and therefore the Commanders resolv'd every one to return to their own Country But Belesis who lay all that Night Star-gazing in the open Field prognosticated to them the next day that if they would but continue together Five Days unexpected Help would come and they would see a mighty change and that Affairs would have a contrary aspect to what they then had for he affirm'd that through his Knowledge in Astrology he understood that the Gods portended so much by the Stars therefore he intreated them to stay so many days and make trial of his Art and wait so long to have an Experiment of the Goodness of the Gods All being thus brought back and waiting till the time appointed News on a sudden was brought that mighty Forces were at hand sent to the King out of Bactria Hereupon Arbacâ—s resolv'd with the stoutest and swiftest Soldiers of the Army forthwith to make out against the Captains that were advancing and either by fair words to perswade them to a defection or by Blows to force them to join with them in their Design But Liberty being sweet to every one of them first the Captains and Commanders were easily wrought upon and presently after the whole Army join'd and made up one intire Camp together It happen'd at that time that the King of Assyria not knowing any thing of the Revolt of the Bactrians and puft up by his former Successes was indulging his Sloath and Idleness and preparing Beasts for Sacrifice plenty of Wine and other things necessary in order to feast and entertain his Soldiers While his whole Army was now feasting and revelling Arbaces receiving intelligence by some Deserters of the Security and Intemperance of the Enemy fell in upon them on the sudden in the Night and being in due order and discipline and setting upon such as were in confusion he being before prepar'd and the other altogether unprovided they easily broke into their Camp and made a great Slaughter of some forcing the rest into the City Hereupon Sardanapalus committed the charge of the whole Army to Salemenus his Wife's Brother and took upon himself the defence of the City But the Rebels twice defeated the King's Forces once in the open Field and the Second time before the Walls of the City in which last ingagement Salemenus was kill'd and almost all his Army lost some being cut off in the pursuit and the rest save a very few being intercepted and prevented from entring into the City were driven headlong into the River Euphrates and the number of the Slain was so great that the River was dy'd over with Blood and retain'd that Colour for a great distance and a long course together The King being afterwards besieg'd many of the Nations through desire of Liberty revolted to the Confederates so that Sardanapalus now perceiving that the Kingdom was like to be lost sent away his Three Sons and Two Daughters with a great deal of Treasure into Paphlagonia to Cotta the Governor there his most intire Friend and sent Posts into all the Provinces of the Kingdom in order to raise Souldiers and make all other Preparations necessary to indure a Siege And he was the more incouraged to this for that he was acquainted with an ancient Prophesy That Nineve could never be taken by force till the River became the City's Enemy which the more incourag'd him to hold out because he conceiv'd that was never like to be therefore he resolv'd to indure the Siege till the Aids which he expected out of the Provinces came up to him The Enemy on the other hand grown more couragious by their Successes eagerly urg'd on the Siege but made little impression on the Besieg'd by reason of the strength of the Walls for Ballistes to cast Stones Testudos to cast up Mounts and Battering Rams were not known in those Ages And besides to say truth the King had been very careful as to what concern'd the defence of the place plentifully to furnish the Inhabitants with every thing necessary The Siege continu'd Two Years during which time nothing was done to any purpose save that the Walls were sometimes assaulted and the Besieg'd pen'd up in the City The Third Year it happened that Euphrates overflowing with continual Rains came up into a part of the City and tore down the Wall Twenty Furlongs in length The King hereupon conceiving that the Oracle was accomplish'd in that the River was an apparent Enemy to the City utterly despair'd and therefore that he might not fall into the Hands of his Enemies he caus'd a huge Pile of Wood to be made in his Palace Court and heapt together upon it all his Gold Silver and Royal Apparel and enclosing his Eunuchs and Concubines in an Apartment within the Pile caus'd it to be set on Fire and burnt himself and them together which when the Revolters came to understand they enter'd through the Breach of the Walls and took the City and cloath'd Arbaces with a Royal Robe and committed to him the sole Authority proclaiming him King When he had rewarded his Followers every one according to their demerit and appointed Governors over the several Provinces Belesis the Babylonian who had foretold his advancement to the Throne put him in mind of his Services and demanded the Government of Babylon which he had before promis'd him He told him likewise of a Vow that he himself had made to Belus in the heat of the War that when Sardanapalus was conquer'd and the Palace consum'd he would carry the Ashes to Babylon and there raise a Mount near to his Temple which should be an eternal Monument to all that sail'd through Euphrates in memory of him that overturn'd the Assyrian Empire But that which in truth induc'd him to make this Request was that he
had been inform'd of the Gold and Silver by an Eunuch that was a Deserter whom he had hid and conceal'd Arbaces therefore being ignorant of the Contrivance because all the rest beside this Eunuch were consum'd with the King granted to him liberty both to carry away the Ashes and likewise the absolute Government of Babylon without paying any Tribute Whereupon Belesis forthwith prepar'd Shipping and together with the Ashes carry'd away most of the Gold and Silver to Babylon But when the King came plainly to understand the Cheat he committed the Examination and Decision of this Theft to the other Captains who were his Assistants in the deposing of Sardanapalus Belesis upon his Trial confess'd the Fact and thereupon they condemn'd him to lose his Head But the King being a Man of a noble and generous Spirit and willing to adorn the beginning of his Reign with the Marks of his Grace and Mercy not only pardon'd him but freely gave him all the Gold and Silver which had been carry'd away neither did he deprive him of the Government of Babylon which at the first he conferr'd upon him saying That his former good Services did overballance the Injuries afterwards This gracious Disposition of the King being nois'd abroad he thereby not only gain'd the Hearts of his People but was highly honour'd and his Name famous among all the Provinces and all judg'd him worthy of the Kingdom who was so compassionate and gracious to Offenders The like Clemency he shew'd to the Inhabitants of Nineve for though he disspers'd them into several Country Villages yet he restor'd to every one of them their Estates but raz'd the City to the ground Nineve raz'd The rest of the Silver and Gold that could be found in the Pile of which there were many Talents he convey'd to Ecbatana the Seat Royal of Media And thus was the Assyrian Empire overturn'd by the Medes Ann. Mund. 3080. Before Christ 868. Herodotus says lib. 1. c. 95 but 520 Years from Ninus which Vsher follows so that Ninus falls in with the times of Deborah as is before observ'd against the Stream of all Chronologers almost after it had continu'd Thirty Generations from Ninus above Fourteen Hundred Years CHAP. III. Of the Ancient Chaldeans and their Philosophy The Planets and their Course The Empire of the Medes and their Kings A Description of India The ancient Manners and Customs of the People Their Laws Tribes A Description of Scythia Of the Amazons Of the Hyperboreans HEre it will not be amiss to say something of the Chaldeans as the Babylonians call them and of their Antiquity that nothing worth Remark may be omitted They being the most ancient Babylonians hold the same station and dignity in A Description of the Chaldeans the Common-wealth as the Egyptian Priests do in Egypt For being deputed to Divine Offices they spend all their Time in the study of Philosophy and are especially famous for the Art of Astrology They are mightily given to Divination and foretel future Events and imploy themselves either by Purifications Sacrifices or other Inchantments to avert Evils or procure good Fortune and Success They are skilful likewise in the Art of Divination by the flying of Birds and interpreting of Dreams and Prodigies And are reputed as true Oracles in declaring what will come to pass by their exact and diligent viewing the Intrals of the Sacrifices But they attain not to this Knowledge in the same manner P. 82. as the Grecians do for the Chaldeans learn it by Tradition from their Ancestors the Son from the Father who are all in the mean time free from all other publick Offices and Attendances and because their Parents are their Tutors they both learn every thing without Envy and rely with more confidence upon the truth of what is taught them and being train'd up in this Learning from their very Childhood they become most famous Philosophers that Age being most capable of Learning wherein they spend much of their time But the Grecians for the most part come raw to this study unfitted and unprepar'd and are long before they attain to the Knowledge of this Philosophy And after they have spent some small time in this Study they are many times call'd off and forc'd to leave it in order to get a Livelihood and Subsistence And although some few do industriously apply themselves to Philosophy yet for the sake of Gain these very Men are opinionative and ever and anon starting new and high Points and never fix in the steps of their Ancestors But the Barbarians keeping constantly close to the same thing attain to a perfect and distinct Knowledge in every particular But the Grecians cunningly catching at all Opportunities of Gain make new Sects and Parties and by their contrary Opinions wrangling and quarelling concerning the chiefest Points lead their Scholars into a Maze and being uncertain and doubtful what to pitch upon for certain truth their Minds are fluctuating and in suspence all the days of their Lives and unable to give a certain assent unto any thing For if any Man will but examine the most eminent Sects of the Philosophers he shall find them much differing among themselves and even opposing one another in the most weighty parts of their Philosophy But to return to the Chaldeans they hold that the World is eternal which had neither any certain Beginning nor shall have any End but all agree that all things are order'd and this beautiful Fabrick is supported by a Divine Providence and that the Motions of the Heavens are not perform'd by chance and of their own accord but by a certain and determinate Will and Appointment of the Gods Therefore from a long observation of the Stars and an exact Knowledge of the motions and influences of every one of them wherein they excel all others they foretel many things that are to come to pass The say that the Five Stars which some call Planets but they Interpreters are most worthy of Consideration both for their motions and their remarkable influences especially that which the Grecians call Saturn The brightest of them all and which often portends many and great Events they call * Sol 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sol the other Four they name †Mars 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mars * Venus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Venus †Mercury 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mercury and * Jupiter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Jupiter with our own Country Astrologers They give the Name of Interpreters to these Stars because these only by a peculiar Motion do portend things to come and instead of Jupiters do declare to Men before-hand the good-will of the Gods whereas the other Stars not being of the number of the Planets have a constant ordinary motion Future Events they say are pointed at sometimes by their Rising and sometimes by their Setting and at other times by their Colour as may be experienc'd by those that will diligently observe it
sometimes foreshewing Hurricanes at other times Tempestuous Rains and then again exceeding Droughts By these they say are often portended the appearance of Comets Eclipses of the Sun and Moon Earthquakes and all other the various Changes and remarkable effects in the Air boding good and bad not only to Nations in general but to Kings and Private Persons in particular Under the Course of these Planets they say are Thirty Stars which they call Counselling Gods half of whom observe what is done under Stars Counselling Gods the Earth and the other half take notice of the actions of Men upon the Earth and what is transacted in the Heavens Once every Ten Days space they say one of the highest Order of these Stars descends to them that are of the lowest like a Messenger sent from them above and then again another ascends from those below to them above and that this is their constant natural motion to continue for ever The chief of these Gods they say are Twelve in number to P. 83. each of which they attribute a Month and one Sign of the Twelve in the Zodiack Through these Twelve Signs the Sun Moon and the other Five Planets run The Course of the Sun Moon and the Five other Planets their Course The Sun in a Years time and the Moon in the space of a Month. To every of the Planets they assign their own proper Courses which are perform'd variously in lesser or shorter time according as their several motions are quicker or slower These Stars they say have a great influence both as to good and bad in Mens Nativities and from the consideration of their several Natures may be foreknown what will befal Men afterwards As they foretold things to come to other Kings formerly so they did to Alexander who conquer'd Darius and to his Successors Antigonus and Seleucus Nicanor and accordingly things fell out as they declar'd which we shall relate particularly hereafter in a more convenient time They tell likewise private Men their Fortunes so certainly that those who have found the thing true by Experience have esteem'd it a Miracle and above the reach of Man to perform Out of the Circle of the Zodiack they describe Four and Twenty Stars Twelve towards the North Pole and as many to the South Those which we see they assign to the living and the other that do not appear they conceive are Constellations for the Dead and they term them Judges of all things The Moon they say is in the lowest Orb and being therefore next to the Earth because she is so small she finishes her Course in a little time not through the swiftness of her Motion but the shortness of her Sphear In that which they affirm that she has but a borrow'd light and that when she is eclips'd it 's caus'd by the interposition of the shadow of the Earth they agree with the Grecians Their Rules and Notions concerning the Eclipses of the Sun are but weak and mean which they dare not positively foretel nor fix a certain time for them They have likewise Opinions concerning the Earth peculiar to themselves affirming it to resemble a Boat and to be hollow to prove which and other things relating to the frame of the World they abound in Arguments but to give a particular Account of 'em we conceive would be a thing foreign to our History But this any Man may justly and truly say That the Chaldeans far exceed all other Men in the Knowledge of Astrology and have study'd it most of any other Art or Science But the number of Years during which the Chaldeans say those of their Profession have given themselves to the study of this natural Philosophy is incredible for when Alexander was in Asia they reckon'd up Four Hundred and Seventy Thousand Years since they first began to observe the Motions of the Stars But lest we should make too long a digression from our intended Design let this which we have said concerning the Chaldeans suffice Having now therefore spoken of the Assyrian Empire and its Translation to the Medes we shall return to that part of our History from whence we broke off Whereas remarkable Authors have differ'd among themselves about the large Empire of the Medes Empire of the Medes we conceive we shall not stray from the Duty of true and faithful Historians if we compare the different relations of Writers one with another Herodotus indeed who liv'd in the time of Xerxes says that the Assyrians were conquer'd by the Medes after they had held the Empire of Asia for the space of five Hundred Years That thence for many Ages after there was no one King that had the sole and absolute Authority of the Empire but that the Cities in every Place enjoy'd their own Laws in a Democratical Government At length after the Course of many Years he says one * Cyaxares besieges Nineve and taketh it An. Mun. 3348 about 3 or 4 years after the death of Josiah before Christ 600. Herod Cyaxares renown'd for his Justice was advanc'd to the Throne and that he was the first that subdu'd the neighbouring Nations to the Medes and gave beginning to that Empire whose Posterity afterwards brought under the bordering Countries and inlarg'd their Dominions and continu'd their Empire to the time of Astyages who was conquer'd by †Conquered by Cyrus An. Mun. 3391. Before Christ 557. Cyrus and the Persians of whom we shall now only give a touch in short and shall treat more distinctly and particularly hereafter when we come to the Times more proper for this Purpose For in the second year of the seventeeenth Olympiad as Herodotus says Cyaxares was elected King by the Medes But Ctesias the Cnidian who was later then Herodotus and liv'd about the time of Cyrus his Expedition against his Brother Aâ—taxarxes for being then taken Prisoner for his Skill in Physic he was taken into the King's Favour and continu'd with him in great Honour and Esteem for the space of seventeen years Out of the publick Records in which the Persians by force of some Law made for that Purpose had in Order of Time noted and registred the ancient Affairs and Things done in the Kingdom he industriously pick'd out every thing that was remarkable and methodically compos'd them into an History and brought them over into Greece In this History he declares that after the Overthrow of the Assyrian Empire all Asia was under the Power of the Medes and that Arbaces who overcame Sardanapalus as is before related was sole Monarch and that after he had reign'd eight and twenty years his Son Mandauces succeeded him who reign'd over all Asia fifty years After him reign'd Sesarmus thirty years then Artias Fifty after whom succeeded Arbianes two and twenty years In his time it s said a great War broke out between the Medes and the Cadusians upon the Occasions following One Parsodes a Persian for his Valour Prudence and other Virtues was a Man
of Victuals for being that the Land there bears Two Crops every Year once in the Winter about the time of Wheat-seeding among other Nations and the other about the time of the * Beginning of June Summer Solstice when Rice Bosporus Sesamus and Millet are us'd to be sown at both these times the Indians reap very plentifnl Harvests And if one Harvest happens to miss the other is sure to make amends for it Besides there are many Fruits which grow naturally of themselves and the Marishes afford for Mens Food abundance of Roots of a most sweet and delicious Taste For all the Fields almost of the whole Country are watered in Summer time with the sweet Waters of the overflowing Rivers and with the Rains from Heaven which fall constantly at certain times every Year in the Summer and the Roots in the Marishes especially of the Canes are perfectly boyl'd by the heat of the Sun There are Laws likewise in India which conduce much to the preventing of Famine among them Amongst other People by Devastations in time of War the Land lies untill'd but amongst the Indians Husbandmen as sacred are never toucht so that though the Armies fight and ingage even under their very Noses yet they are never in the least prejudic'd For though the Armies on both sides slaughter one another yet they never hurt the Husbandman as one who is a Servant for the common good and advantage of them all neither do they burn their Enemies Country or cut down their Trees or Plants Moreover in India are many great navigable Rivers which descend into the Rivers Ganges Plains from the Mountains in the Northern Parts where they have their Spring-heads and at length all meet together and fall into the River Ganges which is †Something above Three Mile Thirty Furlongs in breadth and takes its Course from the North to the South and so empties it self into the main Ocean passing by in its course the Nation of the Gandarides lying on the East where are bred Multitudes of most monstrous Elephants No Foreign King hitherto ever conquer'd that part of the Country all Strangers dreading the number and strength of those Creatures Even Alexander himself who conquer'd all Asia besides left only the Gandarides untoucht For when he came with his whole Army as far as to the River Ganges and had subdu'd all the Indians behind him as soon as he understood that the Gandarides had Four Thousand Elephants sitted and compleatly furnished for War he wholly desisted the further Prosecution of his Design against them Much like to the River Ganges is that call'd Indus which runs with a swift Course likewise from the North and falls into the Ocean and divides India from the rest of Asia and in Indus its Course through wide and spacious Plains takes in many Navigable Rivers amongst which the most famous are Hipanis Hydaspes and Arcesines There are many other Rivers also which pass through several Parts of India which inrich the Country with pleasant Gardens and all sorts of Fruits The Philosophers and Naturalists of this Country give this Reason why there P. 87. are so many Rivers and such plenty of Water in India They say that the adjacent Countries the Scythians Bactrians and Arianians lye higher than India whence from good reason they conclude that the Rains flowing down by degrees into the lower Countries so water them that they make many large Rivers But above all the other Rivers of India that they call Silla which springs from a Fountain of the same Name has a peculiar property For this only of all the others will not admit any thing thrown into it to swim but in a wonderful manner swallows up every thing and forceably draws it to the bottom Moreover India being of the largest Extent of all other by far is inhabited by many different Nations of whom none are Foreigners but all natural Inhabitants And they say that no Strangers ever planted amongst them nor they themselves ever sent forth any Colonies into other Countries and they tell Stories that anciently the Inhabitants fed only upon Herbs and Roots that grow in the Fields and cloath'd themselves with wild Beasts Skins as the Grecians did and that Arts and other things conducing to the well-being of Man's Life were found out by degrees Necessity pressing upon a Creature that was rational and ingenious and had likewise the further helps and advantages of Hands Speech and quickness of invention to find out ways to relieve himself Some of the Learnedst of the Indians have given an account of the Antiquity of their Country of which it is our part here to say something in short They say that in ancient Time when Men liv'd scatter'd and dispers'd here and there Bacchus with a great Army from the West overran all India which at that time had no considerable City in it able to make any resistance and that a Plague through the violent and parching heat destroying many of his Souldiers they say that prudent General drew his Army out of the Plains to the tops of the Mountains where by means of the cool Blasts of the refreshing Air and drinking of the Spring-Waters there at hand they were restor'd to their former Health and that the Place where his Army was thus recover'd was call'd the †〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thigh hence the Grecians frame a Story of this God to this Day that Bacchus was bred in the * Jupiter's Thigh Thigh Afterwards they say he diligently imploy'd himself in sowing and planting divers Fruit-Trees and imparted the Art to the Indians and found out the use of Wine and other things conducing to the comfort of Man's Life He built likewise stately Cities and remov'd the Villages to more commodious Situations and instituted the manner of Divine Worship and made Laws and set up Courts of Justice and at last for the many excellent Inventions imparted to the Indians he was esteem'd as a God and obtain'd immortal Honours They report that he had a Regiment of Women in his Army and that in the heat of Battel he made use of Timbrels and Cymbals the Trumpet being not at that time found out And that after he had reign'd over all India for the space of Two and Fifty Years he dy'd of extream old Age leaving the Kingdom to his Sons who injoy'd it and their Posterity after them successively till many Ages after the Regal Authority was abrogated and the Cities were govern'd by a Democrasy These are the things related of Bacchus and his Posterity by the Inhabitants of the Mountainous parts of India They say moreover that Hercules was born amongst them and like the Greeks furnish him with a Club and a Lion's Skin and for Strength and Courage that he excell'd all other Men and clear'd both Sea and Land of Monsters and Wild Beasts That of many Wives he begat many Sons but one only Daughter Among P. 88. these Sons when they were
grown up he divided India into equal Parts and appointed each to be King over their several shares allotting likewise one part of the Kingdom to his Daughter whom he carefully brought up under his own Eye It 's said that he built many Cities the most famous of which is call'd Palibothra in which he built a stately Palace and planted it with a great number of Inhabitants and fortify'd it round with deep Trenches fill'd with Water from the River And at length after his Death he was honour'd as a God His Posterity reign'd for many Ages together and perform'd many noble Actions but never made any Foreign Expeditions or sent forth any Colonies into other Parts and though that after the Course of many Years most of the Cities reduc'd themselves under the power of a Democratical Government yet there were some of the Indians that flourish'd under a Monarchy till the very time that Alexander invaded that Country Although the Indians have Laws peculiar to themselves differing from all other The Indian Law concerning their Liberties People yet one especially is most remarkable instituted by their ancient Philosophers which is this It 's an establish'd Law That none amongst them should be a Servant but that every one being free all should be honour'd with equal respect For they that know that they are neither to be superior nor inferior to any are ready to undergo all the Shocks of Fortune with Courage and Resolution For it 's a Foolish thing to make Laws for an equality amongst all and yet at the same time to order inequality of Estates All the People of India are divided into Seven Ranks the First is Philosophers The division of the People 1 Tribe Philosophers who are least in number but chiefest in esteem For they are free from all publick Offices and are neither subject themselves to any nor any subject to them Yet they are made use of by their Friends to offer Sacrifice for them while they are alive and to perform the solemn Exequies at their Funerals when they are dead as Persons who are greatly belov'd of the Gods and skilful in Matters relating to the Affairs of the Dead in the Shades below for which piece of Service they are highly honour'd and presented with many rich Gifts Especially they much advantage the Indians in general at such times as being admitted into the publick Assemblies at the beginning of every Year they foretel Droughts Rains Winds and Diseases and other things convenient and useful for the Auditors to be inform'd of for so both King and People being forewarn'd of things to come provide against them and always prepare something or other that may be of advantage to them in such cases And if any of the Philosophers prove afterwards to be mistaken in his Prognostication he undergoes no other Punishment save only that he is evil spoken of and is to be silent ever after while he lives The Second Rank or Tribe is of the Husbandmen These are more in number 2d Tribe Husbandmen than any of the rest These likewise are free from the Militia and all publick Offices and spend all their time and care about Tilling and Improving the Lands No Enemy ever does them any Prejudice but out of a due regard to the common good forbear to injure them in the least degree and therefore the Land being never spoil'd nor wasted yields its Fruits in great Abundance and furnishes the Inhabitants with plenty of Victuals and all other Provision The Husbandmen live in the Fields with their Wives and Children and never meddle with the concerns of the Cities They pay the King his Tribute out of the Fruits of the Ground For all the Land of India belongs to the King and no private Man has any Land of his own Besides the Tribute the Fourth part of the Fruits are paid to the King The Third Tribe comprehended the Herdsmen and Shepherds and all sorts of 3d Tribe The Shepherds and Herdsmen feeders of Cattel and these neither liv'd in the Cities nor Villages but in Tents and by Hunting clear'd the Land both of wild Beasts and hurtful Birds and by this Exercise all India was freed from Ravenous Creatures which abounded in the Country both Birds and wild Beasts of all sorts that eat up and devour'd the Seed and Fruits of the Husbandman The Fourth Classis and Order of Men amongst them was made up of the Mechanicks 4th Tribe Artificers some of whom were imploy'd in making of Arms and others of Tools for Tillage and Husbandry and other serviceable Utensils This Order is P. 89. not only free from all Taxes and Impositions but is allow'd a yearly proportion of Corn out of the King's Granaries The Fifth is the Militia the Second for number who in Times of Peace live 5th Tribe Souldiers idle lives and give themselves up wholly to their pleasures All the Souldiers with the War-Horses and Elephants are kept and maintain'd out of the King's Treasury The Sixth Tribe are the Ephori who are the Inquisitors and have a diligent 6th Tribe Ephori and observant Eye upon every thing that is done throughout all India and upon any discovery inform the King of what the know and when there 's no King the Princes and principal Ministers of state In the Seventh Rank are reckon'd the Senators such as have Place in the great 7th Tribe Senators and General Councils These are the fewest in number but of greatest Dignity for their Birth and highest esteem for their Wisdom and Prudence Out of these are chosen the King's Privy-Council Governors of Provinces Judges Generals of Armies in Times of War and other Principal Officers These are the parts into which almost all India is divided It is not lawful for any to marry out of the Tribe to which he belongs nor to exercise any other Trade or Calling than that wherein he has been bred up as for a Souldier to imploy himself in Husbandry or for an Artificer to turn Philosopher India breeds the largest most couragious and strongest Elephants of any Elephants other Place This Creature does not couple with the Female in any strange or unusual manner as some say but as Horses and all other four-footed Beasts They go with young at the least Sixteen Months at the most Eighteen They 16 Months with Young bring forth for the most part like Mares but one at a time which the Dam suckles till it be Six Years old Most of the Inhabitants live very long the Oldest attain to Two Hundred Years In India there are Magistrates appointed to take care of Strangers to see that no Injury be offer'd them and if any of them be sick these Magistrates provide Physitians and in all other respects are very careful of them and if they dye they bury them and whatever Goods or Monies they leave behind they give it to their Kindred Their Judges are very diligent in deciding Suits brought before
taught the Grecians to pronounce them and gave them their several Names and form'd their distinct Characters Hence these Letters are all generally call'd Phoenician Letters because they were brought over out of Phoenicia into Greece but they were afterwards call'd Pelasgian Characters because the Pelasgians were the first that understood them after they were brought over He says that this Linus being an excellent Poet and Musician had many Scholars amongst whom there were three that were the most famous Hercules Themyris and Orpheus Hercules learnt to play upon the Harp but was very dull and unapt to learn insomuch as he was sometimes box'd and beaten at which he was at length so inrag'd that he kill'd his Master by a Blow with his Harp Themyris was very ingenions and gave himself wholly to Musick and grew so eminent therein that he would boast he could sing more sweetly and melodiously than the Muses themselves at which the Goddesses were so inrag'd that they both depriv'd him of his Art and struck him blind besides as Homer affirms in these Verses 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Themyris then by th' Muses was envy'd And of his Art the Thracian they depriv'd And then again 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Th' inraged Goddesses then struck him blind That th' way to Sing or Play he could not find Of Orpheus the last of his Scholars we shall speak particularly when we come to what concerns him This Linus they say writ in * Phenician Pelasgian Letters the Acts of the first Bacchus and left other Stories in his Writings behind him Orpheus likewise it 's said us'd the same Characters and Pronapides Homer's Master an ingenious Musician Thymaetes also the Son of Thymaetus the Son of Leomedon who liv'd in the time of Orpheus and travell'd through many Parts of the World as far as to the Western Parts of Lybia to the very Ocean This Thymaetes visited likewise they say Nysa the Place where Bacchus was brought up as is reported by the Ancient Inhabitants where being instructed by the Nysians he wrote a Poesy call'd Phrygia of the particular Actions of this God in very old Language and Character P. 141. Amongst other things he says that Ammon a King reigning in some Part of Lybia marry'd Rhea the Daughter of Coelus Sister of Saturn and the other Titans and that when he came first to the Kingdom he met with a beautiful Virgin call'd Amalthea upon the * In Asia near the Caspian sea Ceraunean Mountains and falling in Love with her begat a Son of her who was afterwards famous and admirable both for Strength and Comeliness of Person afterwards he made Amalthea Queen of the neighbouring Nations which in its Situation being in shape of an Ox's Horn was therefore call'd the Western Horn and that the Soyl is so very rich that it abounds with Vines and all other sorts of Fruit-trees Being possess'd of this Country she call'd it after her own Name Amalthea's Horn. And therefore Posterity call every rich Piece of Land that abounds with Fruit-trees Amalthea's Horn. But Ammon fearing the rageful Jealousy of Rhea conceal'd his Adultery and privately sent away the Child afar off to the City Nysa which lyes in an Island almost inaccessible surrounded with the River Triton into which there is but one The Description of Nysa and the Grâ—ta strait and narrow Entrance call'd the Nysian Gates The Land there is very rich abounding with pleasant Meadows Gardens and Orchards water'd on every side with refreshing Streams wherein grow all sorts of Fruit-trees and Vines which grow of themselves for the most part running up upon the sides of Trees A gentle cooling and refreshing Wind pierces through the whole Island which makes the Place exceeding healthful so that the Inhabitants live much longer here than any others in the neighbouring Countries The first Entrance into the Island runs up in a long Vale shaded all along with high and lofty Trees so thick that only a dim and glimmering light passes through but the Fiery Beams of the Sun enter not in the least to offend the Passenger In passing along drill many Sweet and Christal Springs so that the Place is most pleasant and delightful to them that have a desire there to divert themselves When you are out of this Vale a pleasant and very large Grota of a round Form presents it self arch'd over with an exceeding high Craggy Rock bespangled with Stones of divers resplendent Colours for being exchequer'd some sparkl'd with Purple Rays some with Azure and others darted forth their refulgent Beauty in divers other Colours no Colour being ever known but it might be seen there At the Entrance grew Trees of a strange and wonderful Nature some bearing Fruit others always green and flourishing as if they had been created only by Nature to delight the sight In these nested all sorts of Birds whose Colour and pleasant Notes even ravisht the Senses with sweet delight So that all the Place round imparted a sort of Divine Pleasure not only to the Eye but the Ear the sweetness of Natural Notes far excelling the Artificial Harmony of all other Musick whatsoever Passing through this appears a large and spacious Grota in every part inlightned by the bright Rays of the Sun Here grow various sorts of Flowers and Plants especially Cassia and others that perpetually preserve their sweet Odours in their natural Strength Here are to be seen the many pleasant Apartments of the Nymphs compos'd of various Flowers planted in that order by wise Nature's Hands and not by Man's Art fit to receive even the Gods themselves Within all this pleasant Round is not a Flower or Leaf to be seen wither'd or in the least decay'd so that the Spectators are not only delighted with the sight but even transported with the Pleasures P. 142. of the fragrant Smells and sweet Odours of the Place To this Cave the Child was brought by Ammon and committed to the care of Nysa one of the Sisters of Aristeus to be brought up but ordered Aristeus himself to be his Tutor who was a Prudent Honest and very Learned Man And that the Child might be the beteer secur'd against the mischievous Contrivances of his Stepmother Rhea to these was joyn'd Minerva to be his Guardian whom the River Triton they say brought forth a little before these Times and therefore from thence she was call'd * Or Tritoangenes because she first appear'd in a Virgins Habit at the River Triton Tritonides They report that this Goddess liv'd a Virgin all her Days and that being likewise endu'd with extraordinary Wisdom she found out many Arts and Sciences and that her strength of Body and Manly Courage was such that she imploy'd her self in feats of Arms and went out to the Wars Amongst her other Actions this was one remarkable that she kill'd Aegides a terrible Monster before esteem'd invincible It was the Birth of †The Earth
his choicest and most beloved Friends so that Rhea lov'd him all her Life long as dearly as her own Son but the love of Saturn was deceitful About this time Saturn and Rhea had a Son born call'd Jupiter who was advanc'd to many Places of Honour by Dionysus and afterwards became King upon the account of his Virtuous Qualifications The Africans had inform'd Dionysus before the Fight that Ammon at the time he was driven out of his Kingdom foretold that after a certain time his Son Dionysus would recover his Father's Kingdom and that he should inlarge his Dominion over the whole World and should be ador'd as a God Dionysus hereupon concluding that the Prophesie would certainly take effect he built a Temple and a City to his Father and having order'd him to be worshipt as a God constituted Priests for the Oracle It 's reported that Ammon was portray'd with a Ram's Head because he always wore an Helmet in the Wars of that shape There are some that * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fabulously report report he had Horns naturally growing out at his Temples and hence it is that his Son Dionysus is represented in the same manner and modern Authors do deliver it as a most certain Truth That this God was Horn'd When he had built the City and setled the Oracle they say he first consulted with this new God concerning his intended Expeditions and that his Father answer'd him that by doing good to all Mankind he should attain to an Estate of Immortality Being thus incourag'd he first invaded Egypt and made Jupiter the Son of Saturn and Rhea King of the Country though he was but then a Boy But appointed Olympus his Assistant and Tutor by whose Instructions he attain'd to a high degree of Virtue and noble Endowments and thence was call'd Jupiter Olympus Dionysus was said to have taught the Egyptians the manner of planting and use of the Vine and to keep and store up Wine †Acorns or Crabbs Apples and other Fruits His Fame was now so nois'd abroad in every Place that none durst oppose him but all submitted of their own accord and with Praises and Sacrifices ador'd him as a God Passing thus they say through the whole World he planted and improv'd the Countries all along as he went and by his good Acts oblig'd all Mankind to a grateful remembrance by rendring him immortal Honour And whereas all Men have divers Sentiments of the rest of the Gods yet they all agree in the Immortality of Bacchus For there 's neither Greek nor Barbarian but have tasted of his Grace and Bounty yea even those that inhabit the most barren Countries altogether unfit for the Planting of Vines learnt of him how to make Drink of Barly little inferior for deliciousness of Taste to Wine Beer They say moreover that Dionysus with a swift March hasted out of India to the * The Mediterranean Sea and there found the Titanes passing over with great Forces into Crete against Ammon And whereas Jupiter in the mean time had brought over Forces out of Egypt to the assistance of Ammon and a great War was broke out in that Island Dionysus forthwith together with Minerva and others reputed to be Gods transported Aids to them in Crete Hereupon was fought a great Battel wherein the Dionysans were Victors and the Titanes were every Man cut P. 145. off After Ammon and Bacchus were translated to a state of Immortality and all the Titanes now utterly extinct Jupiter became Lord of the Universe none daring to be so impious as to oppose him These are the things which the Libyans say were done by the first Bacchus the Son of Ammon and Amalthea The Second Bacchus they say was Son of Jupiter by Io the Daughter of Inachus and reign'd in Egypt and there taught the manner of divine Worship and Sacrifices The Third was the Issue of Jupiter and Semele and was among the Grecians a Rival of the other Two before mention'd For making it his business to imitate them he likewise with a great Army marcht through the whole World and set up many Pillars at the utmost Bounds of his several Expeditions and planted and improv'd likewise the Countries as he went And as the ancient Bacchus listed the Amazons into his Army so did this other Women He took likewise much care and pains about the Orgia and Sacred Rites and Ceremonies some of which he reform'd and added others But because of the length of time the first Invention and finding out of things is unknown to many this last Bacchus only inherits the Glory and Reputation belonging to the former which Misfortune not only befell him but Hercules after him For whereas there was anciently Two of the same Name one of them and the more ancient is said to have flourish'd in Egpyt who having overcome a great part of the World erected a Pillar in Africa The other was born in Crete and was one of the Idaei Dactyli he was a Jugler but likewise a good Soldier and instituted the Olympick Games The last was the Son of Jupiter by Alcmena born a little before the Trojan War He travel'd through many Parts of the World to execute the Commands of Euristheus and succeeded in all his Enterprizes he erected a Pillar in Europe His Name being the same and his Actions much like to those of the former was the occasion that what things were done by the ancient Hercules's after their Deaths were by Posterity solely ascrib'd to him as if there had been never any but one Hercules in the World Amongst other evident Proofs that there were more than one Dionysus or Bacchus this very Fight of the Titanes does make it clear For it 's generally acknowledg'd that Dionysus was with Jupiter in the War against the Titanes and they say that it is an absurd and undecent thing to account Semele Contemporary with the Titanes and to affirm that Cadmus the Son of Agenor was more ancient than the * The Gods of Olympus Celestial Gods And these are the things which the Lybians relate of Bacchus Thus having now perform'd our Promise made at the beginning we shall here put an end to this Third Book THE Historical Library OF Diodorus the Sicilian BOOK IV. The PREFACE I Am not ignorant that the Writers of Antiquities in many things fall short of the truth in their Relations For being that ancient things are as it were scrap'd out of the Rubbish with very great difficulty they greatly perplex the Historian And because the Supputation of Times wherein things were done cannot now be so exact as to infer an Infallible Argument for the truth of the Actions related therefore it is that the Reader despises the Authors of the History And the multitude and variety of the Gods Demy-Gods and other Famous Men whose Genealogies are to be treated of add much more to the difficulty And the greatest vexation of all is that the Writers of Antiquities
he caus'd the Cattel to swim over before him into Sicily and he himself catcht hold of one of the Horns of the Oxen and in that manner swam along for the space of Thirteen Furlongs as Timaeus reports the matter Afterwards desiring to go round the Island he went on his Journey from Peloriadis to Eryx and passing along the Shoar the Nymphs open'd the hot Baths for him where he refresh'd himself after his tedious Journey These Baths were Two in number the Hemerian and Egestean so call'd from the Places After Hercules came into the Country of Eryx Eryx the Son of Venus and Bula the King of the Country challeng'd Hercules to wrestle with him Both sides propos'd the Wager to be won and lost Eryx laid to stake his Kingdom but Hercules his Oxen Erix at first disdain'd such an unequal Wager not fit to be compar'd with his Country but when Hercules on the other side answer'd that if he lost them he should lose together with them Immortality Eryx was contented with the Condition and engag'd in the Contest But he was overcome and so was stript out of the Possession of his Country which Hercules gave to the Inhabitants allowing them to take the Fruits to their own use till some one of his Posterity came to demand it which afterwards hapned For many Ages after Doriaeus the Lacedemonian sailing into Sicily recover'd his Ancestors Dominion and there built Heraclea which growing great on a suddain became the Object of the Carthaginians Envy and Fear lest growing stronger than Carthage it self it should deprive them of their Sovereignty and for that Reason they besieg'd it with a mighty Army and took it by force and raz'd it to the Ground of which we shall speak particularly in its proper time Hercules having view'd Sicily round came to the City now call'd Syracuse where P. 161. when he came to be inform'd of the Rape of Proserpina he offer'd magnificent Sacrifices to the Goddesses and at Cyane sacrific'd the goodliest of his Bulls and ordered the Inhabitants to sacrifice Yearly to Proserpina and observe an Anniversary Festival at Cyane Then travelling through the heart of the Country with his Oxen he was set upon by the Sicani with a strong Body of Men whom after a cruel Battel he routed and cut off most of them amongst whom it 's reported there were Captains of extraordinary Valour who are honour'd as Demy-Gods to this Day to wit Leucaspis Pedicrates Buphonas Caugates Cygaus and Crytidas Thence he pass'd through the Country of Leontines and much admir'd the pleasantness of the Territory and by reason of the singular respect he found from the Inhabitants he left there eternal Monuments of his Presence Among the Agyrineans something remarkable happened concerning him for they kept magnificent Festivals and offered Sacrifices to him as to the Gods themselves which was the first time he approv'd of such Worship never before allowing any Sacrifice to himself But now the Deity it self ratify'd his Divinity for not far from the City in a Rocky Way the Oxen made Impressions with their Feet as if it had been in Wax and the same thing likewise happening to Hercules himself caus'd him to conclude that his Tenth Labour being now perfected his Immortality was in part sealed to him and therefore he refus'd not the Yearly Solemnity of Sacrifices instituted in honour of him by the Inhabitants That he might therefore manifest his gratitude to them for the Honours conferr'd upon him he caus'd a Pond to be sunk near the City Four Furlongs in Compass which he call'd after his own Name The Impressions likewise made by the Hoofs of his Oxen he nam'd after himself and * Or built a Temple consecrated a Grove to Geryon as to a Demy-God whom the Inhabitants religiously worship at this Day He built likewise there a famous Temple in honour of Iolaus his Associate in his Expedition and appointed he should be honour'd with Yearly Sacrifices which are observ'd at this day For all the Inhabitants of this City let their Hair grow without Cutting from their very Births in honour of Iolaus till they make an Offering of them to him and gain the favour of the God by costly and magnificent Sacrifices Such is the Holiness and Majesty of this Temple that whosoever do not observe these holy Rites they are strucken Dumb and are like Dead Men But as soon as any recollects himself and vows to offer his Sacrifices and gives a Pledge to the God for that purpose they are presently restor'd to their former Health The Inhabitants therefore very fitly call the Gate where these Sacred Solemnities are perform'd Heraclea They every Year likewise with great earnestness celebrate the †Wrestlings Quoitings c. Gymnick Sports and Horse-Races whither all the People both Bond and Free flocking they privately taught their Servants how to worship this God how to celebrate the Solemn Sacrifices and to perform when they met together the Sacred Rites and Festivals After this Hercules pass'd over his Oxen again into Italy and in his marching along by the Sea-Coasts he kill'd one Lacinius that was stealing some of his Oxen. There he buried Croton and erected a stately Monument over him whom he had unfortunately slain and foretold that in time to come there should be built a famous City call'd after the Name of him that was there bury'd Having at length marcht round about Adria and all the Coasts of that Gulf on Foot he pass'd through Epirus into Peloponesus Having finisht his Tenth Labour Euristheus impos'd another Task upon him 11th Labour Cerberus out of Hell and that was that he should bring Cerberus out of Hell Preparing himself therefore to perform this to be better enabled thereunto he went to Athens to be initiated into the Mysterious Rites of Elusina where Musaeus the Son of Orpheus was P. 162. then High Priest And because we have now occasion to mention Orpheus we conceive it will A Digression to Orpheus not be amiss here to give a short Account of him He was the Son of Oeagrus and by Birth a Thracian for the Art of Musick and Poetry far excelling all that ever were recorded For he compos'd a Poem for sweetness and smoothness the Subject of all Mens admiration And he grew so eminent in this Art that by the Melody of his Musick he was said to draw even wild Beasts and Trees after him And being naturally very studious he attain'd to an extraordinary degree of Knowledge in the ancient Theology He improv'd himself likewise very much by travelling into Egypt so that he was accounted to excel the most accomplish'd Person among all the Grecians for his Knowledge both in Divinity and Sacred Mysteries in Musick and Poetry He was one likewise in the Expedition of the Argonauts and for the exceeding Love he had to his Wife with an admirable Courage descended into Hell and there so inchanted Proserpina with the sweetness of his Musick that she
Expedition wherein he was ingag'd with Jason he pickt out a fit opportunity afterwards and sail'd as some say with Eightheen Ships against Troy but as Homer says with Six only in the whole who introduces Tlepolimus in these Words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But Hercules my Father as is said The Lions strong in Valour did exceed That only with Six Ships and Slender Force For Laomedon's Horses took his Course And then Besieg'd and took the City Troy And many of her People did destroy Hercules therefore when he arriv'd in the Country of Troas marcht straight with a Valiant Number of Men to Troy but left Oiclcus the Admiral the Son of Amphiaraus with the Fleet to be ready to assist him as occasion serv'd In the mean time Laomedon being surpriz'd by the suddain advance of the Enemy in a great hurry raised as many Forces as the shortness of the time would admit him to do and led them against the Fleet hoping by burning of it to put a speedy end to the War Oicleus the Admiral met the Enemy and was kill'd at the first Onset P. 166. the rest being forc'd to their Ships stood off to Sea Laomedon then return'd and Fought with Hercules and he and most of his Men were cut off Hereupon Hercules presently took the City by Storm and put many of the Inhabitants that oppos'd him to the Sword but advanc'd Priam for his Justice to his Father's Throne He was the only Son of Laomedon that disapprov'd what his Father did and advis'd that the Horses should be deliver'd to Hercules according to the Contract Hercules to crown Telamon's Valour with an honourable Reward gave him Hesione the Daughter of Laomedon to Wife For he was the first that in this Storm made his Way into the City at the very strongest part of the Castle Wall where Hercules himself made the Assault After his Return into Peloponesus he made War upon Augeas for defranding him of his promis'd Reward but after a Battel fought with the Eleans without effecting any thing further at that time he return'd to Olenus who had before entertain'd him as his Guest whose Daughter Hippolyte was at that time just Marry'd to Axanus Hercules being then there kill'd Eurytion the Centaur for offering Violence to Hippolyte at the time of her Marriage Being return'd to Tirynthe Eurystheus mov'd upon some Suspicion of Treason or other Banish'd him with his Mother Alcmena and likewise Ephicle and Iolaus out of the Kingdom Being thus forc'd away he resided at Pheneus in Arcadia Where he heard that the Sacreds of Neptune in a Solemn Procession were sent to the Istmos under the Conduct of Eurytus the Son of Augeas Whereupon he hasted away and set upon Eurytus on the suddain near to Cleone where Hercules's Temple now stands and kill'd him Afterwards entring the Country of Elis with a Potent Army he kill'd also King Augeas and took the City by Storm and recall'd Phyleus into his Country and gave up the City together with the Kingdom into his Hands For he was banish'd by his Father for ordering the Reward to be given to Hercules being chosen an Arbitrator between them Afterwards it happened that Tyndarus was banish'd from Sparta by Hippocoon whose Sons likewise being Twenty in number had kill'd Hyionus the Son of Lycimnius Hercules his Special Friend Hercules understanding what they had done made War upon them and in a great Battel routing them slew Multitudes of them and took Sparta by Storm and restor'd Tyndarus the Father of the * Castor and Pollux Dioscuri to the Kingdom upon this Condition that in as much as he had gain'd it by Conquest he should keep it and hereafter deliver it up intire to his Posterity In this Battel there were very few kill'd on Hercules his side amongst whom were those Famous Men Iphiclus and Seventeen Sons of Cepheus for of Twenty Three only escap'd On the other side there fell Hippocoon himself with Ten of his Sons and a great number of the Spartans After this Battel he return'd into Arcadia and resorted to King Aleos whose Daughter Augeas by stealth lay with and got with Child and then went to Stymphalus Aleos being ignorant of what was done afterwards discover'd the matter by the swelling of his Daughter's Belly and thereupon askt her who was the Father who answer'd she was forc'd by Hercules Her Father not giving any credit to what she said deliver'd her to a Nauphan whom he consided in and order'd him to drown her Auge being carry'd away for †Nauphalia a City in Argos Nauphalia in her Voyage fell in labour near the Mountain Parthenius and turn'd aside into a Wood near adjoining under colour of discharging the necessities of nature and there was deliver'd of a Son which she left hid among the Shrubs Then she went away with the Nauplian and came at length to Nauplia a Port in the Territory of Argos and so was unexpectedly P. 167. preserv'd For the Nauplian was not willing to drown her as the King had commanded but gave her to certain Strangers of Caria who were then setting Sail for Asia who took her away and sold her to Teathras King of Mysia In the mean time the Child that was left in Mount Parthenius was found sucking of an Hind by some Shepherds belonging to King Corythus who brought it to their Master Corythus willingly receiv'd it and educated and brought it up as his own Son and nam'd him Telephus from the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Elaphos is a Hind in Greek Hind that suckl'd him When he was grown up to Mans Estate he went to the Oracle at Delphos to inquire who was his Mother where he was answer'd that he must repair to Teuthras King of Mysia Having found out his Mother and it being now known who was his Father he was in high Esteem and Reputation so that Teuthras who had no Heir Male marry'd him to his Daughter Argiope and adopted him his Heir and Successor to the Kingdom In the mean time Hercules the Fifth Year after his Banishment into Pheneus being exceedingly griev'd for the Deaths of Hyionus the Son of Lycimnius and of his Brother Iphiclus wholly abandon'd Arcadia and Peloponesus and being accompany'd with Multitudes of the Arcadians went to Calydon a City of Aetolia And having now neither Wife nor lawful Issue he marry'd Deianira the Daughter of Oenâ—us Meleeager being then dead And here it will not be amiss to make a small Digression and declare what hapned to Meleager Oencus upon a great Plenty of Corn in Gratitude sacrific'd to all the Gods but Meleager only Diana At which the Goddess being inrag'd sent among them that so fam'd and mighty Calydonian Boar which wasted and spoyl'd all the Neighbouring Region and kill'd and destroy'd most of their Cattle Meleager the Son of Oeneus being then in the Flower
of his Age and full Strength and not inferiour to any for Valour associated himself with many other Gallants to hunt this Boar. He being the first that wounded the Beast with his Dart by the general Consent of all carry'd away the Spoyl and Honour of the day which was the Boar's Skin Atalanta the Daughter of Echeneus was one of his Associates in this Hunting and therefore Meleager being much in Love with her presented her with the Skin attributing to her the Glory of the Action But the Sons of Thestius his Fellow-hunters took it most hainously that a Stranger should be preferr'd before them and no regard be had to the Nearness of Kindred that was between them and Meleager To defeat her therefore of Meleager's Gift they lay in wait for her and fell upon her in her return to Arcadia and took away the Skin by Force But Meleager for the Love he bore to Atalanta being much troubled at the Affront and Disgrace offer'd her took upon him the Defence of her Cause and at first advis'd the Aggressors to restore what they had violently taken away But when he could not prevail he slew them They were the Brothers of Althea his Mother who so immoderately griev'd for their Deaths that she pour'd out most heavy Curses against her Son and wish'd the Gods would cut him off who heard her Prayer and kill'd him Some there be that feign that when Meleager was Ovid. 8. Meta. born the Destinies appear'd to Althea in her Dream and foretold that Meleager her Son should dye when a Brand that was then in the Fire should be consum'd His Mother therereupon conceiving the Life of her Son depended upon the Preservation of the Firebrand laid it up very carefully But being incens'd at the Death of her Brothers she threw it into the Fire and so hastned her Sons Death But afterwards repenting and grievously afflicted for what she had done * Ovid says she stab'd her self she hang'd her self In the mean time Hipponous in †Clenum a City in Achaia Olenum being incens'd at his Daughter Peribaea because she said she was with Child by Mars sent her to Oeneus in P. 168. Aetolia and desir'd him that he would forthwith put her to Death But he having lately lost both his Son and his Wife would not kill the Lady but marry'd her and begat of her Tydeus But let this suffice concerning Meleager Althea and Oeneus Hercules to gain the Favour of the Calydonians diverted the River * Vid. Ovid. Vid. Strabo It had two Mouths representing two Horns one of which was dam'd up by Hercules the Stream roars like a wild Bull. Achelous into another Channel which he cut for it and by that means water'd a great Part of the Country and made it exceeding fruitful which gave Occasion to the Poetical Fables that Hercules fought with †The Son of Oceanus and Terra fought with Hercules for Deianira the Daughter of Oeneus and finding himself too weak transform'd himself into a Bull. Vid. Ovid and Strabo Achelous transform'd into the Shape of a Bull and in the Conflict cut off one of his Horns and gave it to the Aetolians This they call Amalthea's Horn in which the Poets feign grow all manner of Summer-fruit as Grapes Apples and such like By the Horn they darkly signify the new Course of the River Achelous bending like a Horn through the other Channel By the Apples Pomegranates and Grapes they denote the Fruitfulness of the Soyl water'd by the River and the Plenty of fruitful Plants By terming it * Amalt 〈…〉 Horn they signify'd the Strength of him that cut the Ditch Afterwards Hercules assisted the Calydonians in the War against the Thesâ—rot and took the City Ephyra by Storm and slew their King Phileus and lying with his Daughter who was his Prisoner on her he begat Tlepolemus The Third Year after his Marriage to Deianira Eurynomus the Son of Architelus then a young Boy serving Oeneus at Table Hercules for some small Mistake in his Attendance gave him such a Box on the Ear that much against his Will he kill'd the poor Boy for which Misfortune he was so griev'd that with his Wife Deianira and Hyllus his Son by her who was then a young Child he voluntarily banish'd himself out of Calydonia In his Journey when he came to the Banks of the River Euenus he found Nessus the Centaur who carry'd People over the Ford for Hire Deianira being the first that he carry'd over the Centaur fell in Love with her for her Beauty and attempted to ravish her whereupon she cry'd out for Help to her Husband who presently shot him through the Body with an Arrow The Centaur through the Grievousness of his Wound dy'd in the very Act of his Rape only had time to teil her that for the great Love he bore her he would teach her a * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Receipt for the procuring of Love by Force whereof Hercules should never after be familiar with any other Woman besides her self and that was that she should anoint Hercules his under Garment with the Blood that issu'd from his Wound mixt together with Oyl and some of his Seed that fell from him and having thus said he immediatly breath'd out his last Deianira observ'd what Directions he had given her and mixing the Seed of Nessus with his Blood which dropt from the Arrow kept it privately in a little Box for Hercules Hercules having pass'd the River went to Ceyces King of Trachinia and dwelt with him as a Stranger ever accompany'd with the Arcadians as his Fellow-soldiers and Associates After these things Philas King of the Dryopi being accus'd for some Act of Impiety against the Temple of Delphos Hercules with the Assistance of the Melienses took up Arms against him and both kill'd him and cast the Dryopi out of their ancient Habitations and gave their Country to the Melienses On his Captive the Daughter of Philas he begat Antiochus Besides Hyllus he had afterwards other Children by Deianira Gryneus or Gleneus and Hodites Some of the Dryopi that were driven out of their Country passed over to Eubaea and there built the City Carystus Others of them sayl'd into the Island Cyprus and gain'd new Seats and became one People with the Inhabitants the rest fled to Eurystheus who in P. 169. Hatred of Hercules receiv'd them into his Protection and they with his Assistance built three Cities in Peloponesus Asine Hermione and Eione After the Expulsion of the Dryopi a War broke forth between the Doreans which inhabited Hestiaetes in the Reign of Aegimius and the Lapithae the Inhabitants of Mount Olympus whose King was Coronus the Son of Phoroneus But the Lapithae being much stronger than the other the Doreans crav'd the Assistance of Hercules and promis'd him the third Part of the Kingdom upon which Terms they prevail'd with him to joyn with them as their Confederate With their joint Forces
that at that time the Boreadae the Brothers of Cleopatra were Companions with Hercules in this Expedition These therefore were the First that by reason of their near Relation by force of Arms reliev'd the Young Men and breaking in Pieces their Chains kill'd as many of the Barbarians as oppos'd them But when Phineus himself with a multitude of Thracians that came flocking in marcht up to decide the matter by a Battel it 's said that then Hercules stoutly laid about him and slew both Phineus and a great number of the other Thraclans Then seizing upon the King's City and Palace he set Cleopatra at liberty and restor'd to her Sons their Father's Kingdom who resolving to be reveng'd upon their Step-mother he persuaded them to forbear doing any such thing but rather to send Messengers into Scythia to her Father to let him know that they left her wholly to his Discretion to be punish'd for her Offences Which being done accordingly the Scythian put his Daughter to Death and the Sons of Cleopatra were highly commended by the Thracians for their Mildness and Equity But I am not ignorant how some of the Fabulous Authors relate that Phineus put out his Two Sons Eyes and that in retaliation when he was old Boreas serv'd him the same Sauce And they report likewise that Hercules going out of the Ship to get a little fresh Water was left behind by the Argonauts in Asia For in ancient Stories no Historians unanimously agree one with another and therefore it 's not to be admir'd that in giving account of things in ancient Times we do not in every thing agree with the Poets and other Writers But it 's said that the Two Sons gave up the Kingdom to their Mother Cleopatra and went along with the Argonauts in their Expedition who sailing away from Thrace and arriving at Pontus landed in Taurica Chersonesus being altogether ignorant of the cruelty of the Inhabitants For it was a Custom amongst those P. 173. Barbarians to sacrifice all Strangers that arriv'd there to Diana Taurica Amongst whom it 's said that in after-times Ephigenia the Priests of the Goddess practis'd the same Cruelty upon all she could lay hold on And here in regard the Course of the History requires it it 's requisite we should give an Account of the Causes of this horrid Cruelty executed upon Strangers especially this Digression seeming pertinent to the Acts of the Argonauts They say that Sol begat Two Sons Aeetes and Perses and that Aeetes was King of Colchis and the other of Taurica and that both were exceeding cruel That Hecate was the Daughter of Perses far more fierce and cruel than her Father for being given to Hunting if she could find no Game she would sport her self with casting her Darts at Men instead of Beasts She made it her business likewise to compound Deadly Poysons and was the first that found out * Wolf-Bane a most poysonous Herb. Aconitum and made trial of the nature and efficacy of every Composition by mixing them with the Food given to Strangers Being thus grown extraordinary skilful in this devilish Art she first poyson'd her own Father and so usurpt the Crown Then she built Diana's Temple and ordered all Strangers that arriv'd there to be sacrific'd to that Goddess so that her Cruelty was nois'd abroad in every Place She afterwards Marry'd Aeetes and by him had Two Daughters Cerces and Medea and one Son call'd Aegialeus Cerces likewise being much addicted to the Compounding of all sorts of Medicines found out the wonderful Natures and efficacy of divers sorts of Roots and Herbs many she learnt of her Mother Hecate but many more she discover'd by her own industry so that she left nothing new for any that came after her which might any ways advance that Art This Cerces was Marry'd to the King of the Sarmathians whom some call Scythians but she likewise poyson'd her Husband and so usurping the Kingdom executed many Butcheries and Cruelties upon the Subjects for which as some Writers relate she was driven out of the Kingdom and fled to the Ocean and possessing herself of a certain Desert Island settl'd there together with the Women her Companions But as other Historians say leaving Pontus she settl'd in the Promontory of Italy now call'd from her Cerceum They report likewise that Medea learnt the same Art from her Mother and Sister but she plainly made use of it for contrary ends and purposes for she constantly laid out her self to save the Lives of Strangers that were driven thither sometimes begging the Lives of such as were condemn'd of her Father and at other times by her subtil Contrivance procuring their Escapes out of Prison For Aectes prompted thereunto both by the cruelty of his own Nature and likewise incited by the Counsels and Persuasions of Hecate his Wife observ'd the Custom of Murdering of Strangers But Medea every day more and more opposed her Parents in this thing Aectes upon suspicion of Treason committed his Daughter Medea to Prison whence notwithstanding the escap'd and fled to a Temple of Apollo seated on the Sea-Shoar about which same time the Argonauts sail'd by Taurica and arriv'd in the Night at Colchis at the very Place where the Temple stood where meeting with Medea wandring upon the Shoar were inform'd by her of the cruel Custom of Murdering of Strangers in those Parts whereupon giving the Virgin thanks for her Humanity and Kindness they told her of their Designs and of the end of their adventure and she on the other Hand inform'd them what Dangers she was surrounded with from her Father by reason of her Kindness and Compassion to Strangers It being therefore evident to both Parties what was then fit to be done Medea on her part promis'd she would assist 'em to the uttermost of her power till they had accomplish'd P. 17â— their Design and Jason promis'd and confirm'd by a Solemn Oath that Medea should from that time forward be his Wife Hereupon the Argonauts leaving a Party to guard their Ships went with Medea in the Night to the Golden Fleece Of which we must here write more largely that nothing may be omitted which is pertinent to the History They say that Phryxus the Son of Athamantes to avoid the malice of his Step-mother fled out of Greece together with Helles his Sister and being by the advice and direction of the Gods transported out of Europe into Asia upon the Back of a Golden-fleec'd Ram it happened that the Young Maid fell off into Pontus which was therefore from thence call'd Hellespont But Phryxus landing safe in Colchis by the Command of the Oracle sacrific'd the Ram and hung up its Skin in the Temple of Mars Afterwards the King was told by the Oracle that he should dye when some Sea-faring Men came thither and carry'd away the Golden-Fleece And this was the Cause besides the cruelty of his Nature that mov'd this Vile Man to sacrifice Strangers that this horrid
Cruelty being nois'd Abroad in all Parts no Stranger might dare to set footing in his Country He built a Wall likewise round the Temple and plac'd a strong Guard of Taurican Soldiers to keep it which has afforded matter for prodigious Stories among the Grecians as how that Bulls that breath'd out Fire at their Nostrils guarded the Temple and that a Dragon kept the Fleece For by reason of the ambiguity of the Word †Which signifies in Latin a Bull and is like in sound to Taurica Taurus it was strain'd to signify the fierceness and violence of Bulls and the cruel Murdering of Strangers gave rise to the fiction of the Bulls breathing out Fire Upon the same Account the Poets have given the Name of a most terrible and monstrous Beast plac'd as a Guard for Security of the Temple And much like to this Story is what they say concerning Phryxus For they say that he sail'd in a Ship upon whose Foredeck was carv'd the Head of a Ram and that Helles by leaning too much forward over the sides of the Ship to vomit fell over-board into the Sea Others say that about the time that Phryxus with his School-master was taken by Aeetes the Scythian King the Father in Law of Aeetes came to Colchis and fell in love with the Boy and upon that account he was bestow'd by Aeetes upon the Scythian who lov'd him as his own Child and adopted him his Heir and Successor to the Kingdom But that the School-master whose Name was * Crius signifies a Ram in Greek Crius was sacrific'd to the Gods and his Skin according to the Custom was fastened to the Walls of the Temple Afterwards Aeetes being foretold by the Oracle that he should dye when Strangers carry'd away the Ram's-Skin it 's said that he gilt it with Gold that the Splendour thereof should cause the Soldiers who were set to guard it to be more careful and diligent in their watch But we leave every one to judge of these things as he thinks fit However it was Medea conducted the Argonauts to the Temple of Mars which was not above Seventy Furlongs distant from the City Sybaris dignify'd with the Palace Royal of the Kings of Colehis Medea therefore coming in the Night to the Temple Gates which were fast shut up spoke to the Guards in the Language of Taurica Whereupon knowing her to be the King's Daughter they forthwith open'd the Gates upon which the Argonants rush'd in with their drawn Swords and kill'd many of the Barbarians and drove the rest terrify'd with the suddain Surprize out of the Temple and then plucking down the Fleece they hasted back to their Ship with all speed While these things were in acting Medea was as diligent on her part and poyson'd the ever wakeful Dragon which wound himself about the Fleece in the P. 175. Temple and then she went on Ship-Board with Jason The Tauricans that fled inform'd the King of what was done who forthwith pursuing the Greeks with his Souldiers which were ready at hand overtook them at the Sea-side and falling upon them on the suddain slew Iphitus one of the Argonauts Brother of Euristheus who impos'd upon Hercules so many Labours But when the rest of the Greeks who were before dispers'd fell on in a great Body upon them the Barbarians were most of them kill'd by Meleager amongst whom was the King himself The Grecians hereupon being fir'd with this Success press'd more resolutely upon the Colchians and at length put them to flight and slew the greatest part of them in the pursuit Of the Argonauts were wounded in this Encounter Jason Lacrtes Atalanta and the Thespiadae but they were cur'd within a few Days by Applications as is said made up of Herbs and Roots by Medea Then furnishing themselves with Provision they set Sail in order to return But being got into the midst of the Pontick Sea they were overtaken with a suddain Tempest to the great hazard of their Lives But Orpheus addressing himself to the Gods of Samothracia as before the Winds presently ceas'd and Glaucus the Sea-God presently appear'd near to the Ship and swam along by the Ship-side for Two Days and Nights together and foretold to Hercules his Labours and future Immortality He told likewise the †Castor and Pollux Tyndarides that they should be call'd * The Sons of Jupiter Dioscuri and should be ador'd and reverenc'd by all Men as Gods Then he call'd the Argonauts every one by their Names and told them that for the sake of Orpheus's Prayers by the provident care of the Gods he now appear'd to them and had foretold them of things to come Therefore he advis'd them that as soon as they landed they should pay their Vows and give Thanks to the Gods by whose Kindness they had been now twice deliver'd Having said this Glaucus dived again into the Sea The Argonauts being now arriv'd at the Mouth of Pontus made to Land where Byzas then reign'd from whom the City is now call'd Byzantium Here they erected Altars and offered up their Prayers and Thanks to the Gods and consecrated the Place which is now at this Day accounted Sacred and reverenc'd by all that sail by that way Loosing from thence they pass'd through Propontis and the Hellespont and made to the Coasts of Troy When they arriv'd there Hercules sent his Brother Iphiclus and Telemon into the City to demand Hesione and the Horses But Laomedon laid the Messengers by the Heels and plotted the Destruction of all the Argonauts To which foul Act all his Sons except Priam contributed their helping Hands For Priam alledg'd that Compacts with Strangers ought to be kept inviolable and press'd that his Sister with the Horses that were promis'd should be restor'd whose Advice being disregarded he privately convey'd Two Swords into the Goal to Iphiclus and Telamon declaring to them his Father's Design and by this means procur'd their Deliverance For forthwith killing the Keepers that resisted them they escap'd to the Sea and discover'd all particularly to the Argonauts The Heroes hereupon readily prepar'd themselves for Battel and marcht on to meet the Trojans who with their King were issu'd out of the City against them A sharp Dispute and Conflict there was but at length the Valour of the Heroes P. 176. prevail'd where they say Hercules exceeded them all for he kill'd Laomedon and took the City by a sudden Assault and punish'd them who were Parties and Contrivers in the Design with the King but gave the Kingdom to Priam for his Justice and Equity and after entring into a League of Friendship with him loos'd from thence with the Argonauts But some out of the ancient Poets say that being furnish'd only with Six Ships upon the Account of being deny'd the Horses he took Troy himself without the help of the Argonauts and to confirm this they alledge these Verses of H 〈…〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
together with her by only touching her Body in endeavouring to help her Medea thus succeeding in her first Attempt proceeded still to be further reveng'd upon 〈…〉 〈◊〉 7. Jason for she was so far transported with Rage and Jealousie yea with implacable Cruelty that notwithstanding Jason's narrow Escape and the Destruction of the Bride she further inhanc'd his Misery by murdering his Sons he had by her for she cut all their Throats except one who made his Escape by Flight and bury'd them in the Temple of Juno and when she had done at Midnight fled with some of her Faithful Maid-servants from Corinth to Hercules at Thebes who undertaking as a Surety for Jason that he should perform his Vows made to her in Colchis promis'd to assist her in taking Revenge In the mean time every one judg'd Jason was justly punish'd in this loss both of his Wife and Children Not being therefore able to bear the insupportable weight of his Calamities he kill'd himself The Corinthians were even astonish'd at the extremity of his Misery and were especially perplext concerning the Burying of the Children Therefore they sent to Delphos to inquire of the Oracle how their Bodies were to be dispos'd of And it 's said the Oracle ordered them to be bury'd in Juno's Temple and that they should for ever after be worship'd as Demy Gods The Corinthians accordingly observ'd what was commanded and Thessalus who escap'd the cruel Hands of his Mother was brought up by them Afterwards he return'd to Iolcus his Father's Country and found Acastus the Son of Pelius then lately dead and thereupon as next Heir to the Crown took upon him the Sovereign Authority and call'd the People within his Dominion P. 180. after his own Name Thessalians But I am not ignorant that there are other Accounts given concerning the naming of them Thessalians of which we shall speak in their proper Place In the mean time they say Medea finding Hercules at Thebes distracted and his Children a little before by him murder'd she cur'd him with her Medicinal Applications But because there was no hope of Assistance for her from Hercules at the present by reason of the Labours impos'd upon him by Eurystheus she fled to Aegeus the Son of Paedion at Athens who marry'd her and begat of her Medus afterwards King of the Medes Others say she was brought to her Trial by Hippotus the Son of Creon and fairly acquitted Some small time after when Theseus return'd from Traezene to Athens she was expell'd the City for Witchcraft and Aegeus sent her away by Messengers with Orders to conduct her to what Place soever she had a mind to go and it 's said she went into Phaenicia and that from thence she past into the upper Parts of Asia and being Marry'd there to a certain famous King she had a Son by him call'd Medus who after the Death of his Father succeeded in the Kingdom and became renown'd for his Valour and after his own Name call'd the People Medes But by reason of the Monstrous Stories feign'd by the Tragedians there 's great variety and difference in the History concerning Medea Others in favour to the Athenians say that she return'd safe to Colchis and took along with her Medus the Son of Aegeus And that about that time Aeetes was by force of Arms depriv'd of his Kingdom by Perses his Brother and was restor'd by his Nephew Medus who kill'd Perses Afterwards Medeus having rais'd a great Army overran many Parts of Asia above Pontus and subdu'd that Part now call'd from him Media But it would be here unnecessary and too tedious to relate all the Stories that they have written concerning Medea therefore we shall now proceed with what remains of the History of the Argonauts Many both of the Ancient and Modern Writers amongst whom is Timaeus report that the Argonauts after the carrying away of the Golden Fleece coming to understand that Aeetes had blockt up the Mouth of Pontus with his Fleet to prevent their return perform'd that which was wonderfully remarkable For it 's said they sail'd up to the Head of the River Tanais and there drew the Ship a considerable way over Land into another River that ran into the Ocean and so fell down that way into the Sea and then bending their Course from the North to the West leaving the Continent on their Left-Hand they at length enter'd our Sea near * Now Cadiz Gades And to confirm this they use these Arguments First that the †The Galls now French Celts the Inhabitants near the Ocean do adore Castor and Pollux above all the rest of the Gods for amongst these Celts there 's an ancient Tradition that these Gods appear'd and came to them out of the Ocean And they affirm that there are several Places near the Sea that had their Names from the Argonauts and the * Castor and Pollux Dioscuri which remain still to this Day and that within the Continent beyond Gades there are apparent Marks and Signs of the return of the Argonauts For sailing by †Now Tuscany Tyrrhenia and arriving at a certain Island call'd * Ilua near Tuscany Aethalia there 's a Spacious Haven was call'd by them Argo from the Name of their Ship which Name the Port retains to this Day And that there is P. 181. another Harbour in Hetruria †About an Hundred and Twenty Miles Eight Hundred Furlongs from Rome which they nam'd Telamon and that the Port at the City Formia into Italy they call'd Aeetes which is now nam'd Caieta They further say that being driven upon the Quick-sands in Lybia by a Violent Tempest they were inform'd by Triton the King of the nature of the Sea in those Parts and how to avoid the Danger for which Kindness they presented him with a Brass Tripode on which were inscrib'd very ancient Characters which not long since it 's said was amongst the Hesperians We are not here to omit refuting those Historians that affirm the Argonauts sailing through the River Ister to the Spring-heads below pass'd through the Channel there straight before them into the Adriatick Gulf. But Time has now clearly manifested the mistakes of those Authors who thought that that Ister which disimbogues itself by several Mouths into the Pontick-Sea and that other which falls into Adria rise from one and the same Spring-head For since the Conquest of Istria by the Romans it 's known by experience that the Fountain-heads of this River are not above Forty Furlongs from the Sea But the Identity of Rivers Names has been the occasion of Historians Mistakes Having now insisted long enough upon the Acts of Hercules and the Argonauts Hercules his Sons and Nephews it's requisite according to my Promise to relate the Actions of his Sons After the Translation of Hercules to the Gods his Children dwelt in Trachinia with Ceyces the King When Hyllus and some of the rest were grown up to
by the Tokens which he brought along with him he was known and owned by Aegeus 7. Afterwards he master'd the Marathonian Bull which Hercules in performance of one of his Labours brought from Crete into Peloponesus and led the Monster in Triumph into Athens which Aegeus sacrific'd to Apollo P. 183. And now it remains that we speak of the Minotaur which was kill'd by Theseus Minotaur But for the clearer understanding of the History it 's necessary that we first ascend to things done some time before that have a Reference to the Narration †Teutamus Tectamus the Son of Dorus the Son of Hellen the Son of Deucalion arriving in Crete with the Aeolians and Pelasgians reign'd there as King and marrying the Daughter of Cretheus had by her Asterius in the time of whose Reign they say Jupiter having carry'd away Europa out of Phaenicia transported her upon a Bull 's Back into Crete and upon her begot Three Sons Minos Rhadomanthus and Sarpedon Asterius King of Crete afterwards marry'd Europa but having no Children of his own he adopted the Sons of Jupiter and left the Kingdom to them Rhadamanthus prescrib'd Laws for the Cretians Minos taking the Kingdom upon him marry'd Itone the Daughter of Lyctius and of her begat Lycastes who coming to reign Marry'd Ida the Daughter of Corybantus and of her begat another Minos whom some say was the Son of Jupiter He was the first of the Grecians that rigg'd out a gallant Navy and gain'd the Dominion of the Sea He marry'd Pasiphoe the Daughter of Sol and Cretes and by her had Deucalion Astrea Androgeus Ariadne and many other Children Androgeus in the Reign of Aegeus went to Athens to the * The Panathenean Festivals were kept in honour of Minerva wherein were exhibited Wrestling Horse-Races Dancing in Armour c. They were celebrated the 27th of July Yearly Rous Archaeal Attic. lib. 2. c. 10. p. 67. Vid. Steph. Dict. They were instituted by Theseus upon what ground See Pausan in Arcad. c. 2. Panathenean Solemnities where he was Victor in all the Sports and Contests upon which Account he became very familiar with the Sons of Pallas and thereupon Aegeus grew jealous lest the House of Pallas with the assistance of Minos should out him of his Kingdom and therefore contriv'd to cut off Androgeus To which end as he was travelling to Thebes to see a Sacred Procession by order of Aegeus he was way-laid by some of the Country People and assassinated near Oenon in Attica Minos afterwards hearing of the sad Misfortune of his Son went to Athens and requir'd Justice for the Murder committed But seeing that he could not prevail he proclaim'd War against the Athenians and prayed Jupiter to send a Drought and Famine upon the City of Athens whose Prayer was speedily heard for forthwith there was a great Drought throughout Attica and even through all Greece it self together with a miserable Scarcity and dreadful Famine The chief Men therefore of the several Cities assembling themselves together sent to consult the Oracle at Delphos what they must do in order to avert the present Calamity who answer'd that they were to go to Aeacus the Son of Jupiter and Aegina the Daughter of Asopus and intreat him to offer Sacrifices for them Which they did accordingly and Aeacus perform'd what they desir'd Upon which the Drought and Famine ceas'd in all Parts of Greece but only in Attica and there it still continu'd so that the Athenians were forc'd to resort again to the Oracle to implore Relief from the pressing Calamity Upon which the God return'd Answer that to expiate the Murder of Androgeus they should give to Minos such satisfaction as he requir'd The Athenians obey'd the Oracle and Minos demanded that for Seven Years together they should send Seven Boys and as many Girls to be devour'd by the Minotaur and that this they should do as long as the Monster liv'd The Athenians sent them accordingly and so the Famine ceas'd and Minos desisted from further prosecuting of the War When the Seven Years were expir'd Minos came again with a great Navy into the Coasts of Attica and demanded Fourteen Boys which were delivered him Theseus with the rest of the Children his Fellows being now ready to set Sail Aegeus sent a Pilot along with them with Orders that if Theseus overcame the Minotaur that they should enter the Here seems something to be wanting as how Theseus came to be one of them Vid. Plut. Thes Port of Athens with white Sails but if he perish'd with black as †In token of Mourning when they carry'd away the Children to Crete Plut. Thes they us'd formerly to do When the Athenians arriv'd in Crete Ariadna Minos his Daughter fell in love with Theseus for his gallant mean and deportment Having therefore opportunity of Converse with her by her Advice and Assistance he both kill'd the Minotaur and learn'd the P. 184. Passage out of the Labyrinth and so came out safe Then privately preparing for his return into his own Country he stole away Ariadna and sail'd out of the Port in the Night and arriv'd at the Island then call'd Dia but now Naxos They report that at that time Bacchus being taken with the Beauty of the Young Lady took her by force from Theseus and through the ardent Affection he had for her marry'd her and that his love for her was such as that after her Death he dignify'd her with Immortality and transform'd her crown into a Constellation of Stars call'd Ariadna's Crown Theseus they say was so griev'd Ariadna's Crown to be thus bereav'd of the Young Lady that through Sorrow and Vexation he forgot the Commands of Aegeus and made into the Port of Athens with black Sails At which sight Aegeus concluding that his Son was destroy'd resolv'd upon an Heroick but a sad and lamentable Action for he went up to the top of the Citadel and through the excessiveness of his Grief counting his Life a Burden to him he threw himself down Headlong After his Death Theseus succeeded him in the Kingdom and govern'd according to the Laws and ordered and performed many things which conduc'd to the welfare and increase of the City The most famous and remarkable among all the rest was this That he gather'd all the People together that were scatter'd Abroad in the Country and so were more considerable for their Number than their Power and brought them into Athens From this time the largeness of the City did so puff up the Athenians and swell them with that confidence that they question'd not but to be Lords of all Greece But having said enough of these things we shall go on with those that remain concerning Theseus and which afterwards happened to him Deucalion the Eldest of Minos's Sons reigning in Crete enter'd into a League with the Athenians and Marry'd his own Sister Phoedra to Theseus After his Marriage he sent away his Son Hippolytus whom
Juno with which Ixion gratify'd his Lust and begat those Half Men call'd Centaurs At length for his enormous Impiety he was fasten'd by Jupiter to a Wheel and after his Death suffer'd Eternal Torments Others say that the Centaurs were bred up by the Nymphs in Pelion and that when they grew up to Mens Estates they ingender'd with Mares and so begat a double shap'd Brood call'd * Both Horse and Man in their Natures Hippocentaurs Others say that the Centaurs were the Issue of Nephele and Ixion and because they were the first that attempted to ride upon Horses therefore they were call'd Hippocentaurs and feign'd to be of a double Nature both Man and Horse It 's said that these Centaurs being of the same Stock and Original demanded of Perithous a share of their Father's Kingdom which being deny'd they made War upon the Lapithites and that when the War was ended Perithous marry'd Hippodamia the Daughter of Bystus and invited Theseus and the Centaurs to the Marriage and that the Centaurs being Drunk and inflam'd with Wine attempted to ravish the Women that were then at the Marriage Feast At which bold and wicked Prank Theseus and the Lapathites were so incens'd that they kill'd many of them and drove the rest as Fugitives out of the City And for this Reason the whole Body of the Centaurs afterwards made War upon the Lapithites and kill'd most of them and forc'd the rest that had escap'd the Sword to fly into Pholoe in Arcadia But some got into Malea and there continu'd The Centaurs lifted up with this Success often issu'd out of Pholoe and robb'd all the Grecians that travell'd that way and kill'd many of the Neighbouring Inhabitants Having now done with these occurrences we shall next speak of Aesculapius Aesculapius's Posterity and his Posterity They say he was the Son of Apollo and Coronis and being of an acute and sharp Wit earnestly bent his Mind to the study of Physick and found out many Preservatives for the Health of Mens Bodies and grew at length so famous that curing many in a wonderful manner whose Distempers were lookt upon to be desperate he was judg'd to raise up many from the Dead And therefore it 's reported by the Mythologists that Pluto complain'd to Jupiter of Aesculapius that through his Cures the number of the Dead decreas'd and accus'd P. 190. him for the weakning of his Empire in the Shades below At which Jupiter was so incens'd that he kill'd Aesculapius with a Thunderbolt At whose Death Apollo was inrag'd to that degree that he kill'd the Cyclops that made the Thunderbolt for Jupiter Whereat Jupiter was again in wrath and for a Punishment of his Offences forc'd * Apollo to serve Mankind in a piece of constant 4 The Sun Drudgery Aesculapius it 's said had Two Sons Machaon and Podalirius who were skilful in their Father's Art and went along with Agamemnon to the Trojan War in which War they were very useful and serviceable to the Grecians for they cur'd them that were wounded in Fights with singular industry and were in such esteem and favour among the Grecians that by reason of their extraordinary usefulness in their Art they were exempted from hazarding their Persons and freed from all other publick Services But here we shall conclude the History of Aesculapius and his Sons and shall now proceed to give an account of the Daughters of Asopus and the Sons of Aeacus Oceanus and Tethys as some Stories have it had many other Sons which gave The Daughters of Asopus and Sons of Aeacus Names to famous Rivers besides Peneus and Asopus The Residence of Peneus was that Country which is now call'd Thessaly who gave Name to that Famous River there call'd Peneus Asopus dwelt at Phlias and marry'd Medon the Daughter of Ladon by whom he had Two Sons Pelasgus and Ismenus and twelve Daughters whose Names were Cercyra Salamis Aegina Pirene Cleone Thebe Tanagra Thespira Asopis Sinope Oenia and Chalcis Ismenus one of his Sons came into Beotia and seated himself near the River call'd after his own Name Sinope one of the Daughters was forc'd away by Apollo to that Place where the City Sinope now stands so call'd from her From her and Apollo sprang Syrus who reign'd over those People from him call'd Syrians Neptune transported Cercyra into that Island now call'd from her * Or Cercyra Corcyra He had by her a Son call'd Pheax from whom the †Phia or Phea a City in Elis. Pheans are so nam'd This Pheax was the Father of Alcinous who guided Vlysses into Ithaca Salamis also was forc'd by Neptune and carry'd away into the Island call'd after her own Name by him she had Cenchreus who was King of this Island and a brave spirited Man he kill'd a Serpent of a vast bigness which had destroy'd many of the Inhabitants Aegina was carry'd away by Jupiter from Phlias into the Island Aegina so call'd from her and by her had Aeacus afterwards King of that Island whose Sons were Peleus and Telamon Peleus by the throwing of an Hand-Stone unfortunately kill'd his Half-Brother Phocus being both of the same Father but not of the same Mother for this Fact he was banish'd by his Father and fled into Phthia a Province of that Country now call'd Thessaly where he was acquitted and purg'd of the Slaughter by King Actor and succeeded him in the Kingdom Actor dying without Issue Achilles was the Son of Peleus and Thetis and went along with Agamemnon to the War of Troy Telamon likewise fled out of Egina and arriv'd in Salamis where he marry'd Glance the King's Daughter and by that means afterwards came to be King of that Island After â—he Death of Glauce he marry'd Eribaea of Athens the Daughter of Alcathous and by her had Ajax another Associate in the Trojan War Having given account of these things we shall now speak of Pelops Tantalus P. 191. and Oenomaus And here it will be necessary to go higher and treat distinctly of some things in time long before In Pisa a City of Peloponesus Mars begat Oenomaus of Harpina the Daughter of Pelops Tantalus and â—â—nomaus Asopus Oenomaus had one only Daughter call'd Hippodamia and consulting the Oracle how long he should live the God answer'd that he should dye when his Daughter was Marry'd Dreading therefore her Marriage he resolv'd she should ever remain in a Virgin State conceiving by this means only he should avoid the danger foretold But whereas many earnestly su'd to have her to Wife he made a Proposal of a Horse-Race to the Suitors with this Condition that he who won the Race should have his Daughter and that he that lost should be put to Death The Course to be run was from Pisa to the Altar of Neptune in the Isthmus of Corinth and the manner of starting was thus Oenomaus first sacrific'd a Ram to Jupiter and in the mean time the Suitor makes speedily away
fed him with Milk and Hony mixt together and for his better nourishment suckled him at the Paps of a Goat call'd Amalthaea For there are many Tokens of his Birth and Education in this * Crete Island to this Day For when he was a young Infant and carried away by the Curetes they say that the Navel String fell from him at the River Triton whence that part of the Country sacred to this God is call'd †Omphalus A Navel in Greek Omphalium and the Region adjoyning Omphaleus In Ida likewise where this Goddess was educated the Cave wherein he was hid is not only consecrated to him but the Ports near to that Promontory are under his Guard and Protection But here is not to be omitted a wonderful Story that 's related concerning the Bees For they say the God to preserve an eternal Memory of his familiarity with the Bees chang'd their colour into that of Brass or Copper washt over with Gold And whereas the Place is exceeding high and subject to stormy Winds and us'd to be cover'd over with depths of Snow he fortify'd the Bees with an Impassibility so that they were able to feed and gather Honey in the most stormy and coldest Places Amongst other Honours attributed to the Goat that gave him suck he bestow'd this that he himself from her assum'd the Name of ‖ The Goatholder Aegiochus When he was grown up to Man's Estate he first built a City at Dicta where he was born the Ruins whereof are to be seen at this Day This God excell'd all the other in Valour Prudence Justice and all other Virtues And therefore after the death of his Father when he came to reign he conferr'd many and great Benefits upon Mankind For he was the first that instructed Men how to punish Injuries and to deal justly and honestly one with another to forbear Force and Violence and bring their Differences and Controversies orderly before Tribunals and Courts of Justice there to be ended and decided In sum he did whatsoever was necessary for the making of good Laws and Preservation of Peace among Men stirring up the Good by wholsom Advice to their Duty and restraining the Bad through fear of severe and due Punishment P. 234. for their Offences It 's reported he travell'd through the whole World putting to Death Thieves Robbers and other Impious Persons establishing Commonwealths and Democracies in every Place wherever he came About that time he slew several Giants with their Adherents as Mytinus in Crete and Typhon in Phrygia Before the Battel with the Giants in Crete upon Jupiter's sacrificing of Oxen to †Sol Coelus Terra i. e. To the Sun Heaven and Barth Sol Coelus and Terra in all the Intrals appear'd evident Signs of what was decreed by the Gods Their Victory especially was portended and a defection of some from the Enemy as it prov'd in the issue of the War for Musaeus fled and revolted from them for which he was highly honour'd At length all that fought with the Gods were every one cut off and destroy'd But he was afterwards ingag'd in a new War against the Giants at Pallene in Macedonia and anciently in the Plains of Italy call'd Phlegraei from Plin. Nat. His lib. 3. l. 5. the Conflagration the Country once suffer'd but now call'd * In Campania near Cumas Cumaei The reason why Jupiter destroy'd the Giants was their Violence and Oppression making use of their strength and massy Bodies to inflave their Neighbours and for that they were lawless and not to be kept within any bounds of Justice made War upon them who for their doing good and being beneficial to Mankind were reputed for Gods by all People whatsoever And he not only rooted up the Wicked and Impious but rewarded the best of the Gods Heroes and Men with due Honours according to their several Deserts The great Authority therefore and good Deeds of Jupiter were such that to him was attributed an eternal Habitation and Kingdom in †In Heaven Olympus And more splendid Sacrifices by his Command are offered to him than to any of the other Gods and since his passing from Earth to Heaven a strong Perswasion is sixt in the Hearts of all those he was kind unto that he has the Command and Government of all that 's done in Heaven and is supream Lord of Storms Thunder and Lightning and therefore they call him * In Greek Zein is to live Zena because he seem'd to be the Preserver of Mens lives by affording fruitful Seasons to ripen the Fruits of the Earth They call him likewise Father not only upon the account of his 〈…〉 e and Kindness to all Mankind but likewise for that it 's generally believ'd all Men were originally his Offspring He 's call'd likewise the Supream King by reason of the Majesty and Excellency of his Kingdom and moreover †The good and wise Counsellor Eubuleus and †Metietes by reason of his Wisdom and Prudence in Counsel It 's said also that Minerva was the Daughter of Jupiter born in Crete at the Spring-heads of the River Triton and therefore she was call'd * Or Tritona Tritogenea and now at this Day there stands a little Chappel dedicated to this Goddess at the Place where she 's said to have been born They say likewise that the Marriage of Juno and Jupiter was solemniz'd in the Country of the †In Crete the Territory of the City Gnosus Gnosians near the River Therone where there 's now a Temple in which the Priests offer an anniversary Sacrifice and Festival with great Devotion imitating the Nuptial Rites according as by Tradition they have receiv'd them The Daughters of Jupiter it 's said were the Goddesses Venus the Graces Lucina and her Servant Diana together with those call'd Horae that is to say * Eunomia Dica Irene i. e. Good Laws Justice and Peace Eunomia Dica and Irene The Gods he begot were Vulcan Mars Apollo and Mercury To every one of these they say Jupiter imparted the knowledge of things invented and perfected by himself and attributed the honour of the Invention to them desirous to perpetuate their Memories and advance their Reputation and eternal Praise amongst all Men. To Venus he committed the care of the mature Age of Virgins at which time Venus they ought to Marry and the oversight of other things us'd at Nuptials together with Sacrifices and Drink-offerings which are solemnly offer'd to this Goddess but all first Sacrifice to Jupiter the Perfector and to Juno the Perfectris because they are the Authors and Inventors of all as a little before we have P. 235. declar'd To the Graces was given power to beautify the Face and to give a Comely The Graces Shape and Proportion to all the Members of the Body and to do good where-ever they pleas'd and to cause the Persons to be grateful and thankful for what they receiv'd To Lucina he
Athens the Romans chose Lucius Pinarius Mamercinus and Lucius Furius Fusus their Consuls At this time Hiero King of Syracuse invited to him with many rich Presents the Sons of Anaxalius Prince of Zancles now Messina in Sicily and put them in mind how kind Gelon had been to their Father and advis'd 'em now they were come to Mens Estate to call Micythus their Tutor to account and to take the Sovereign Power and Government into their own Hands Being return'd to Rhegium they forthwith demanded an Account of Micythus of his Administration who being a just and honest Man call'd together all the Friends of the two young Men and gave so full and clear Account of his Trust that The Justice and Honesty of Micythus Tutor and Governor of the Prince of Zancles all then present admir'd his Justice and Faithfulness The Youths now sorry for what they had done desir'd him to take upon him again the Government and as their Father to order and dispose of all Affairs as he thought fit But Micythus utterly refus'd to be any longer concern'd but giving up all ship'd his Goods and sail'd forth from Rhegium with the general Love and Favour of the People and made Rhegium in Italy for Greece where he lived the rest of his Time in great Repute at Tegea in Arcadia Hiero dyed at Catena a City repeopled by him and was there buried with great Pomp and Solemnity after he had reigned Eleven Years He left his Kingdom to Thrasybulus his Brother who reigned only one Year CHAP. XVII Thrasybulus King of Syracuse depos'd by Force of Arms for his Tyranny NOw was Lysanias Archon of Athens and Appius Claudius and Titus Quintus Olymp. 78. 3 Ant. Chr. 464. Capitolinus Roman Consuls during whose Governments Thrasybulus lost the Kingdom of Syracuse Concerning whom inasmuch as it is our purpose particularly and distinctly to write it is necessary to look a little back that so things may be more clearly understood from the beginning Gelo the Son of Dinome a Man for Valour and Military Discipline excelling all the rest by a notable Stratagem as you have heard routed the Carthaginians And using his Victory with all Moderation towards them he had subdued and dealing kindly and courteously with all his Neighbours was greatly honoured among the Sicilians and for the Sweetness of his Disposition liv'd belov'd of all in Peace and Quietness to the end of his days Hiero the eldest of his Brothers succeeded him in the Kingdom but far unlike him in his Government For he was covetous cruel and altogether a Stranger to the Candor and Sincerity of his Brother by reason whereof many were inclin'd to a Defection and Revolt but the Memory of Gelo's Generosity and general Kindness to all the Sicilians restrain'd them from outward Force and Violence But when Hiero was dead Thrasybulus his Brother advancing to the P. 277. Crown exceeded his Predecessor in all Vice and Wickedness For being more cruel and bloody in his Nature he slaughtered the Citizens against all Law and Ant. Ch. 264. Justice and by false Accusations banished many others and consiscated their Estates At last hating his People and the People on the other hand hating him for the Injuries they had suffer'd he rais'd a Standing Army to defend himself against the fear'd Revolt of his Subjects And now growing every day more and more into the Hatred of his People abusing some taking away the Lives of many others the People not able longer to endure his Cruelties made a general Defection and rose up in Arms to procure their Liberty by the Sword and shake off that Yoke of Slavery and Tyranny they were under Thrasibulus seeing the whole City of Syracuse in Arms against him first endeavour'd to cool them by fair words but when he saw they were so incens'd that there was no opposing them he rais'd Forces from Catana a Colony not long before plac'd there by Hiero and by other Confederates and Mercenaries he got together an Army of Fifteen Thousand Men and possessed himself of that part of the City call'd Acridina and the Island which was strongly Fortify'd from whence he made many Sallies and Incursions upon the Enemy The Syracusians at first kept that part of the City call'd Ithica and from thence annoy'd Thrasibulus And sent Embassadors to Gela Agrigentum Selenunte and Himera and to the rest of the Cities in the Heart of Sicily desiring aid and assistance for the recovering of their Liberty These readily answered their Request and sent them seasonable Supplies some Regiments of Foot others Troops of Horse others Ships furnished with all necessaries for War Thus in a short time having a considerable Force both of a Fleet at Sea and an Army by Land the Siracusians offer'd Battel to the Enemy both by Sea and Land But Thrasibulus being forsaken of his Confederates and having now none to trust unto Ant. Ch. 464. but his Mercenaries betook himself only to Acridina and the Island and left the rest of the City wholly to the power of the Syracusians Afterwards he fought with them at Sea and was beaten losing many of his Ships and fled with those that escaped into the Island Presently after he drew out his Men from Acridina and joined Battel with them in the Suburbs of the City where he was again routed with the loss of many of his Men and retreated a Second time within his Post in Acridina At length being out of all hope to regain his Sovereignty Thrasibulus abdicates the Government he sent to the Syracusians and came to terms of Agreement with them and so departed into * A City in Magna Grecia in Italy Locros The Syracusians thus freed from Slavery suffered the Mercenaries to march away peaceably They freed likewise the rest of the Cities from such Garrisons as were put upon them and restored to every place the Democracy From thenceforth the Syracusians lived in great Peace and Prosperity and injoy'd a popular Government for the space of Threescore Years till the Reign of Dionysius This Thrasibulus receiv'd a well order'd and constituted Kingdom but basely lost it by his wickedness and spent the rest of his Days at Locris as a private Man While these things were done in Sicily Rome first created Four to be Tribunes P. 278. of the People Caius Sicinius Lucius Numitorius Marcus Duillius and Spurius Aquilius CHAP. XVIII The Murder of Xerxes by Artabanus AT the end of this Year Lysitheus was made Chief Governor of Athens and Olymp. 78. 4. Ant. Chr. 463. Lucius Valerius Publicola and Titus Aemilius Mamercus Consuls of Rome In their times Artabanus of Hircania in great esteem with Xerxes and Captain of his Guard contriv'd to gain the Kingdom by the Murder of the King He reveals his Design to Mithridates the Eunuch one of the King's Chamberlains whom he most consided in as being his near Kinsman and whom he had oblig'd by many instances of his Favour Mithridates
presently complies with him and brings Artabanus privately in the Night into the Bed-Chamber and being entred without delay murthers the King And in the heat of the Fact runs to the King's Sons Two of whom Darius the Eldest and Artaxerxes were then at Court Hytaspes the Third at that time was Governor of Bactria Artabanus in the dead of the Night hastens to Artaxerxes and tells him that Darius had murther'd his Father to come to the Crown And therefore perswades Artaxerxes that he should not slothfully suffer his Brother to settle himself on the Throne but revenge his Father's Death and take upon himself the Sovereignty For the effecting whereof he promis'd him to bring in the King's Guards for his Assistance Artaxerxes was easily persuaded and with the Assistance of the Guards kills his Brother Artabanus seeing his Treachery to succeed according to his hearts Desire now boasts before all his Sons that the time was come for his advancement to the Kingdom and forthwith came to Artaxerxes with his Sword drawn and Ant. Chr. 463. Wounds him The King not being much hurt bravely Defends himself and kills Artabanus upon the place Having thus not only preserv'd himself but reveng'd Artaxerxes kills Artabanus the Murther of his Father he was established in the Throne of Persia This was the end of Xerxes after he had reign'd Twenty Years But his Successor continued Forty Four CHAP. XIX The War between the Athenians and the Aegineans THE following Year wherein Archimedes was Archon of Athens Aulus Virgilius Olymp. 79. Ant. Ch. 462. and Titus Numitius Roman Consuls was the first Year of the Seventy Ninth Olympiad at which Xenophon the Corinthian won the Prize At this time the Thrasians revolted from the Athenians through the Differences arising concerning the Mines but were reduc'd by force to their Obedience The Aegineans likewise rebell'd and being subdued the Athenians besieg'd their City which was grown proud not only through their great Successes and Victories at Sea but their Riches at Land and having a brave and well furnished Navy were ever Enemies to the Athenians who therefore entred the * Aegina near Peloponesus in the Aegean Sea Island with an Army laid waste the Country and resolv'd to raze the City Aegina to the Ground Hereupon now grown great in power they carried not themselves with that Humanity and Courtesie towards their Confederates as they were used to do but domineer'd every where with a proud and high Hand This imperious way of theirs caus'd many of their Confederates to enter into Consultations for a general Defection and some particular Places determin'd it of their Ante Chr. 462. own accord without flagging for or expecting the results of a General Assembly While these things were acting the Athenians being now every where P. 279. Masters at Sea sent a Colony of Ten Thousand Men to Amphipolis chosen partly out of the Citizens partly from among the Confederates and divided the Country by Lot For sometime they kept under the Thrasians that bordered upon them but when they attempted to proceed further into the heart of the Country those that enter'd Thrace were wholly cut off by the †A People of Thrace near the Mountain Edon Edones CHAP. XX. The Egyptians revolt from the Persians New Troubles in Sicily TLepolemus being Governor of Athens the Roman Consuls were Titus Quintius Olymp. 79. 2. Ante Chr. 461. and Quintus Arbilius Structus Artaxerxes now newly come to the Throne of Persia first put to Death all those that had an Hand in the Murther of his Father and then setled Affairs so as he This is Artaxerxes Longimanus who forbad the Building of Jerusalem From his Seventh Year began Daniel's Seventy Weeks which is 490 Years to the Death of Christ thought most conducing to the interest of the Government For he remov'd those Governors of the Provinces whom he most suspected and plac'd others whom he most confided in in their room He took care to store up all manner of Provisions and to furnish his Army with all things necessary and ruling with all Justice and Equity he grew into high Esteem among the Persians In the mean time the Egyptians hearing of the Death of Xerxes and the Troubles in Persia occasion'd thereby fell a plotting how to recover their Liberty and to that The Egyptians revolt from the Persians end on a sudden rose against the Persians and drave the Questors or Persian Treasurers out of Egypt Then they set up one Inarus to be their King who first had an Army of the Inarus set up in Egypt natural Inhabitants and afterwards increas'd his Forces by Mercenary Foreigners He sent likewise Embassadors to Athens desiring their aid with Promises that if they regain'd their Liberty the whole Kingdom should be for their Service and Advantage as well as his and he should be ever and in every thing grateful to them The Athenians conceiving it to be much to their advantage if by what force they could make they might drain the Persians of their Money and gain likewise the Egyptians to their interest to be ready to serve them upon all occasions determin'd to send to their Assistance a Navy of Three Hundred Sail and Ant. Ch. 461 to that end all Hands were at work to make ready a Fleet. Artaxerxes receiving the News of the Revolt of the Egyptians resolved to exceed them both in number of Men and Provisions of War and for that purpose forthwith rais'd Souldiers out of all the Provinces of the Kingdom rigg'd out his Fleet and omitted nothing necessary in the present Juncture And thus stood the Affairs of Asia and Egypt at this time In Sicily after they had cast off the Kingly Government and restored all the The flourishing state of Sicily after the deposition of Tyrants Cities to liberty the whole Island greatly flourished for having a rich and fertile Soyl and Peace on every side they grew very rich in a short time the Land abounding in Labourers Cattel and all other Conveniences for the comfort and happiness of Man's Life much being now laid up and nothing expended in Wars But they continu'd not long thus but again broke forth into Wars and Seditions upon the account following Thrasibulus being deposed they call'd a General Assembly to consult about the manner of a Popular Government and there it was unanimously decreed that a Statue should be erected to * Jovi Liberatori Jove the Deliverer as high as a Colossus and that there should be Yearly upon the Day that they were rid of the Tyrant and regain'd their Liberty Sacrifices offered and Solemn Games celebrated At which Solemnities they likewise vow'd to sacrifice Four Hundred and Fifty Oxen and therewith to feast all the People and that all the P. 280. Magistrates according to the ancient Custom should be chosen out of the chiefest Citizens and that none of the Strangers who were made Denizens by Gelon should
the Army formerly commanded by Pericles Hagno thereupon Sail'd thither with the whole Fleet and made all the preparation for the Siege imaginable viz. Engines of all Sorts for an Assault Potidea Besieg'd Arms and Darts and sufficient Provision for the whole Army However though he continually batter'd the Walls of the City in many places yet he spent much time to no purpose For the fear of being taken by Storm added courage to the Defendants and the hight of the Walls commanding the Port made them very resolute Besides a Disease hapn'd among the Besiegers which destroy'd many of them so that they were greatly discourag'd Notwithstanding Hagno knowing that the Athenians had been at the charge of a Thousand Talents to carry on the Siege and that they were highly incens'd against them of Potidea because they Ant. Chr. 429. were the first that made a Defection durst not leave the Siege But with all his might persisted and stir'd up the Souldiers even above their Strength to force the City But at length considering that many of the Citizens were lost both in the Assaults and by the infection of the Disease leaving a part of the Army to maintain the Siege he return'd with the rest to Athens having lost above a Thousand Men. After he was gone they of Potidea being brought to the utmost extremity for want of Provision sent to the Besiegers to treat with them upon Terms of Peace which was readily accepted and imbrac'd with both Arms as they say by the Athenians and Peace was made upon the Terms following to wit That Potidea surrendred all the Inhabitants should draw out of the City and take nothing away with them but every Man one Suit of Apparel and every Woman two Matters being thus compos'd the Potideans with their Wives and Children according to the Articles left the City and setled themselves among the Calcideans in Thrace after which the Athenians sent a Colony of a Thousand Persons P. 311. and divided both the City and Country adjacent amongst them by Lot Phormio being now made Admiral at Athens with Twenty Ships sail'd round Peloponesus and arriv'd at Naupactum where possessing himself of the Greek Criseus he stopt the Passages against the Lacedemonians so as that their Ships could not come forth But their King Archidamus with a great Army began a new expedition Ant. Chr. 429. and march'd into Beotia and when he came to Platea ready and prepar'd to wast and destroy the Country he first solicited that City to revolt Platea besieg'd by the Lacedemonians But not being able to prevail he fell a robbing and spoiling the Country all along as he went Afterwards he Besieg'd the City in hopes to weary them out for want of Provision He incessantly likewise Batter'd the Walls with his Engines and made frequent Assaults But with all his Attempts not being able to gain the Place he left a part of the Army to carry on the Siege and with the rest march'd back into Peloponesus About this time the Athenians made Xenophon and Phanomachus Generals and commanded them with a Thousand Men to go into Thrace When they came as far as Pactolus in Beotia they burnt spoil'd and rob'd the Country all before them and destroy'd the very standing Corn. But they of Olynthus join'd with the Beotians fell upon the Athenians and slew most of them together with their Generals The Athenian Generalskill'd in Beotia In the mean time the Lacedemonians by the advice of the Ambraciots with a Thousand Men and a few Ships under Cnemus their Captain made for Acarnania and being inforc'd by a considerable Number of their Confederates Cnemus arriv'd there and incamp'd near the City Stratos But the Acarnanians in a Body came suddainly upon him surpriz'd him with the loss of many of his Men and drove him into the Country of Oeniades About the same time Phormio the Athenian Commander with his twenty Ships met with the Lacedemonian Fleet of Forty Seven Ante Chr. 429. The Lacedemonians routed at Sea at Rhium Sail and Fought them sunk the Admiral and disabl'd many others took Twelve with the Men in them and pursu'd the rest to the Continent The Lacedemonians thus unexpectedly beaten with the remaining part of their Fleet got into Patrae in Achaia This Battel was at a Place call'd Rhium Hereupon the Athenians erected a Trophy and Dedicated a Ship in the Isthmos to Neptune and so return'd to their Confederat City Naupactus But the Lacedemonians sent other Ships to join the remainder of their Fleet that were at Patra And all of them rendezvouz'd at * A Promontory neer the Isthmos of Corinth Rhium whither likewise the Lacedemonians Land-Army March'd and there encamp'd near to their Fleet. Phormio encourag'd by the late Victory set upon the Enemy though they far exceeded him Number and destroy'd many of their Ships but not without some loss of his own so that he went off but half Conqueror but being enforc'd with Twenty more Ships from Athens tlie Lacedemonians made off for Corinth and durst never attempt any more to Fight at Sea And these are the things reported to be done this Year Diotinus executing the place of chief Magistrate at Athens the Romans created Olymp. 88. 1. Ante Chr. 428. Caius †Julius Junius and Proculus Virginius Tricostus Consuls And they of Elis celebrated the eighty eighth Olympiad in which Simmachus of Messina in Sicily carry'd away the Prize About this time Cnemus the Lacedemonian Admiral while he lay at Corinth contriv'd how to surprize the Pyreum For he understood by his P. 312. Spies that no Shipping lay there nor any Guard was appointed to defend the Place and that the Athenians were secure and therefore Negligent conceiving none durst be so bold as to come up thither to attempt any thing of that Nature To this end having brought Forty Ships a little before to Megaris with these well Man'd he set Sail from thence in the Night and past over to Salamis where he surpriz'd and took the Castle Budorium and seiz'd their Ships and harras'd the rest of the Country They of Salamis firing their Beacons the Salamis invaded by the Lacedemonians Athenians suspected that the Pyreum was taken and ran all with great fear and confusion to their Arms for the defence of the Place But being better inform'd made away for Salamis The Lacedemonians thus frustrated in their Design left Salamis and return'd home After their departure the Athenians had a more watchful Eye upon Salamis and plac'd there a strong Garrison and fortifi'd the Pyreum with Walls and sufficient Guards for it's Defence About this time Sitalces King of Thrace though he had but a Small Kingdom yet by his Valour and Prudence greatly enlarg'd his Dominions being a Man The Commendation of Sitalces King of Thrace both Just and Kind to his Subjects and Valiant and Diligent in time of War He made his
chief care to preserve and increase his Stores by which means he grew so very Rich that he gain'd larger Territories than ever any King of Thrace had done before him For that part which lay by the Sea Coast ran along from the Borders of the Abderites to the River Ister And that from the Sea up into the main Land was of as great extent as a swift Footman could Travel over in Thirteen Days This Prince was possess'd of so large a Country that his yearly Revenue amounted to above a Thousand Talents During his Reign a War broke forth upon which occasion he rais'd out of Thrace more than an Hundred and Twenty Thousand Foot and Fifty Thousand Horse But it 's necessary that we Ant. Chr. 428. declare the Causes of this War that so the following account may be better understood Sitacles had entr'd into a League with the Athenians and one of the Articles Sitalces his War with the Macedonians was That he should faithfully Assist them in the War wherein they were engag'd in Thrace To this end he rais'd a powerful Army with a design to join with the Athenians to take Calcidea by Force And likewise for the hatred he had to Perdiccas King of Macedonia he resolv'd to restore Amyntas the Son of Philip to his Father's Kingdom For these Causes he was necessitated to raise a very great Army When all things were in readyness he Marc'hd all his Forces out of Thrace and entr d Macedonia But the Macedonians struck with terror at the multitude of their Enemies dar'd not to oppose them but getting in all their Fruits and Goods they could within their Garrisons they kept close within their Forts and Walls The Thracians brought Amyntas along with them as King and first treated the Cities by Messengers and fair Speeches but when none would hearken to them he Assaulted the first Castle in his way and took it by Storm Upon which many of the Cities and Garrisons through fear Ant. Ch. 428. surrender'd of their own accord After they had run through all Macedonia loaded with Rich Booty they made against the Greek Cities of the Calcideans Whilst Sitalces was thus imploy'd the Thessalians Achaians Magnesians and all the other Grecians inhabiting within Macedon and Thermopyle confederated and rais'd a mighty Army for they were afraid lest the Thracians who were so P. 313. powerful should make an inroad into their Country and bring them under the Thracian Yoke And the Calcideans did the like Sitalces hereupon being inform'd of the great Armies rais'd against him by the Grecians and knowing his Army was not able to indure the sharpness of the approaching Winter struck up a Peace with Perdiccas and in confirmation thereof contracted a Marriage with him and so march'd his Army back into Thrace In the mean time whilst these things were on foot the Lacedemonians with Another inroad into Attica their Confederates made another irruption out of Peloponesus into Attica under their King Archidamus who had the Sovereign Command of the Army and after they had destroy'd all the standing Corn when it was near ripe and made havock and spoil all over the Country they return'd to their respective Habitations The Athenians on the other hand were not in heart to oppose them but were under sore Calamities by Plague and Famine and therefore altogether despair'd of any good issue and event of the War And these were the things observable this Year Euclides was Ruler of Athens when the Romans chose Three Military Tribunes Olymp. 88. 2. Ant. Chr. 427. War between the Syracusians and the Leontines in the room of Consuls Marcus * Manlius Mannius Quintus Su'pitius Pretextatus and Servitius Cornelius Cossus At this time in Sicily the Syracusians made War upon them of Leontum a Colony brought thither from the Calcideans originally Athenians who being overpress'd by the power of the Syracusians and in great danger to lose their City sent Embassadors to Athens for speedy and seasonable aid to deliver them from their present Exigency The chief among them that were sent was Gorgias the Orator the most Eloquent Man of his time He Gorgias the Orator was the first that taught the Rules of Rhetorick and was so famous for his wise and learned Orations that all his Scholars as a Gratuity gave him an Hundred †A Mina in Silver is about 3 l. 9 s. Mina's apiece When he came to Athens and had Audience he made an Oration to the People concerning the League desired and by his new and ingenious way of speaking the Athenians were so taken who were otherwise Men of great Wisdom and Eloquence that they were struck with admiration For he adorn'd his Speech with most excellent Figures * Paranomacisms 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Figures call'd Synoeceiosms Oxymorons Paranomacisms and the like and artificial composures of Words and Sentences as by Opposites Paranomacisms equal Periods like Terminations and the like gingling strains of Rhetorical Wit to allure and intice his Auditors which at that time for its novelty was much admired But now it 's lookt upon to savour too much of affectation and to be ridiculous especially when by frequency and often repetition it becomes fulsome and tedious Gorgias having perswaded the Athenians to enter into a League with the Leontines return'd to Leontinum with great Reputation for his Eloquence Ant. Chr. 427. The Athenians for some time before had an hankering Mind after Sicily by reason of the richness of the Soyl and therefore were now more willingly perswaded by Gorgias and decreed to send Aid as was desir'd The pretence was to assist them who were their own Countrymen and were brought into great straits but in truth their chief Design was to gain the Island for not many Years before when the War broke forth between the Corinthians and them of Corcyra and both address'd themselves to the Athenians for Aid to make them their Confederates the People of Athens resolv'd to side with the Corcyreans because Corcyra was so situated that it was a very ready and convenient Pass over from thence into Sicily In short the Athenians being now Masters at Sea and every where successful had many Confederates and were richly furnished both with Men and Money had many Cities under their power were possess'd of a mighty Treasure in ready Money brought from Delos gathered from the Inhabitants of Greece to the value of above Ten Thousand †Ten Thousand Talents amounts to 1875000 l. Sterling the lesser Talent The greater Talent is 250 l. The lesser is 187 l. 10 s. Talents Moreover they had likewise many excellent Officers and expert Commanders by these Advantages the Athenians were grown very confident that they should both overcome the Spartans and having subdu'd all Greece win also the P. 314. whole Island of Sicily These were the Reasons induced them to resolve to assist the Leontines and to that end sent them Ant. Chr.
ejected by the Thracians call'd Edones Two and Thirty Years after the Athenians sent thither a Colony of Ten Thousand Men. But these being destroy'd by the Thracians at Drabiscum two Years after the Thracians recover'd the City under Apion their General This City subject to so frequent changes of War Brasidas made it his business to subdue To this end marching thither with a great Army he encamp'd at the Bridge near to the City and presently possess'd himself of the Suburbs The next day they of Ant. Chr. 425. Amphipolis being greatly terrify'd surrendred the Place upon conditions that all that would might leave the City and take their effects with them And soon after he took in many other neighbouring Cities amongst which the chief were Sime and Galepsus both Colonies of the Thracians and Myrcinus a Town of the Edones He likewise fell a building new Ships at the River Strymon and sent for fresh Supplies from Lacedemonia and other Confederates He also caus'd great store of Arms to be made by which he arm'd the new rais'd Men and furnish'd himself with Darts Weapons and all other Provisions And being thus compleatly provided he march'd from Amphipolis and encamp'd at a Place call'd * The Sea Shoar Acte Here were Five of the Towns partly inhabited by Grecians of Andros and partly by a mixt multitude of Barbarians descended from the †Iberians a People of Macedonia near the River Stremon Said to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Two Tongues Bissalte People of a double Tongue Having brought these under his Power he fell upon Toron built by the Chalcideans but then in the power of the Athenians Here by the Treachery of some of the Inhabitants in the Night he was let into the Town and so won Toron And thus far the Expedition of Brasidas prosper'd this Year In the mean time there was a Battel fought by the Athenians A Battel by the Athenians with the Beotians at Delium at Delium in Beotia with the Beotians upon the accounts following The then present Government in Beotia was displeasing to some who desir'd to set up a Democracy in the Cities These Malecontents Ant. Ch. 425. discovered their Designs to the Athenian Generals Hippocrates and Demosthenes and engaged to deliver up the Cities in Beotia This was a very welcome Overture to the Commanders And that the Business might the better be effected they divided the Army and Demosthenes with the greater part made an incursion into Beotia But the Beotians being well prepared having had notice of the Treachery he marcht back without doing any thing Hippocrates in the mean time invaded Delium possessed himself of the Place and to prevent the March of the Beotians that way fortify'd Delium with a Wall which lies near to Oropia and the Borders of Beotia lying towards the Mountains But Pantoedas the Beotian General gathered out of all the Cities of Beotia the best and choicest Souldiers and with a great Army and a swift March made for Delium for he had with him little less than Twenty Thousand Foot and a Thousand Horse The Athenians on the other side were more in number but not so well arm'd for coming hastily and suddenly out of the City many were ill furnished both as to Arms and other Necessaries This was the condition of The manner of the Fight at Delium P. 322. Ant. Chr. 425. both Armies yet very hot and eager on both sides to fight In the Army of the Beotians the Thebans were in the Right Wing the Orchomeans in the Left and the Beotians in the main Body Those that were call'd Heniochans and Paraebates that is the Charioteers or those that fought in Chariots were plac'd in the Front these were the best Souldiers in number Three Hundred The Athenians were forc'd to join Battel before they were perfectly drawn up in Battalia but it was fought with great Courage and Resolution on both sides The Athenian Horse charg'd with that Bravery that in the beginning they put the Enemies Horse to flight Then the Foot engaged and that part of the Athenian Army that opposed the Thebans by the violence of the Enemy's Charge were quite broken in pieces and routed But the rest of the Athenians chas'd all the other Beotians and pursu'd them a long way with a great Slaughter On the other side the Thebans being strong Bodied Men left the chase of their Enemies and fell upon the other Pursuers hew'd them down dispers'd and utterly routed them and thus the Thebans highly advanc'd their Reputation by this signal Victory As for the Athenians some of them fled to Oropus others to Delium some made to their Ships and the rest fled every way as their Lot and Fortune led them till Night put an end to the Pursuit There were not Ant. Chr. 425. above Five Hundred of the Beotians kill'd but many more of the Athenians and if Night had not come on most of them had been cut off but that sav'd them and gave a check to the fury of the Conquerors Yet the number of the Slain was so great that with the Price of the Spoils the Thebans built a great Walk or Gallery in the Forum and adorn'd it with many * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Statues of Brass and even cover'd over the Temples with Brass and the publick Buildings in the Market Place with the Arms and Shields of their Enemies And with the Riches got in this Fight they set up Sports and Shews at Delium After this Victory the Beotians assaulted Delium with that fury that the greater part of the Garrison were kill'd in defending the Place Two Hundred only were taken the rest escaped to their Ships and with other Inhabitants came to Athens Into this Disaster fell the Athenians by their crafty Designs against the Beotians In Asia Xerxes the Persian King died after he had reigned one Year some say only Two Months To him succeeded Sogdianus for the space only of Seven Months who being kill'd Darius injoy'd the Kingdom Nineteen Years With Darius Nothus begins to Reign this Year Antiochus of Syracuse the noble Writer of the Affairs of Sicily ends his History beginning at King Cocalus and consisting of Nine Books When Amyntas was chief Magistrate of Athens Caius Papirius and Lucius Olymp. 89. 2. Scione a City in Thrace Ant. Ch. 424. Julius were Roman Consuls In their time the Scioneans now slighting the Athenians by reason of the late Defeat given them made a defection to the Lacedemonians and gave up their City into the protection of Brasidas then General of the Army in Thrace And those who escap'd out of Lesbos after the taking of Mitylene by the Athenians who were no small Number some time before contriving how to return into their Country join'd together and possess'd themselves of Antandrus from whence taking their opportunity they issued forth and set upon the Garrison at Mitylene At which the Athenians being incens'd command was given to Aristides
fled and thereupon was condemâ—'d to die Clearchus the Father of Gylippus in former times for his having receiv'd Mony of Pericles not to invade Attica likewise fled and was adjudg'd to die and liv'd all his Days a Banish'd Man among the Thurians in Italy These two Men who were otherwise Virtuous yet by these sordid Acts stain'd and blemish'd all the Worthy Actions of the rest of their Lives When the Athenians were fully satisfy'd that they were totally ruin'd they determin'd to strive no longer to be Masters at Sea but now employ'd all their Care to repair their Walls and block't up the Haven expecting nothing more certain than a Siege which happen'd accordingly for presently both Agis and Pausanias the Lacedemonian Generals broke into Attica with great Forces and incamp'd under the very Walls of Athens And Lysander entred the Pyraeum with above two hundred Sail. The Athenians tho' they were press'd on every side with so many Mischiefs yet stood out and easily defended the City for some time But the Peloponesians resolv'd in Council in regard it would be very difficult to force the Place to withdraw their Forces out of Attica and by their Navy to hinder all Provision from being brought into the City Which being put in Execution the Athenians were reduc'd into extream Want of all things especially of Food which was us'd to be imported to them by Sea Want pressing upon them every day more and more the City was fill'd with the Dead Upon which those that surviv'd sent forth Ambassadors and procur'd the Terms and Conditions following viz. That the Long Fortifications of the Piraeum Athens taken Ant. Chr. 403. and their Walls should be demolish'd That they should never have above ten Long Ships That they should leave all the Cities and be Subject to the Lacedemonians And The End of the Peloponesian War thus ended the Peloponesian War after it had continu'd Seven and twenty Years a War of the longest Duration of any come to our Knowledge CHAP. XVI Agrigentum sackt by Imilcar the Carthaginian The Carthaginians besiege Gela. Dionysius goes to the aid of Gela. The Skirmishes before Gela. Camarina deserted by the Order of Dionysius The Souldiers inrag'd at Dionysius he hastens to Syracuse Imilcar makes Peace with Dionysius and returns to Carthage The end of the first Carthaginian War with Dionysius A Little while after * Darius Nothus who ordered the rebuilding of the Temple P. 390. Darius King of Asia died having reigned Nineteen Years †Artaxerxes Mnemon in whose Twentieth Year Nehemiah came to Jerusalem The Carthaginians Spoils in Sicily Artaxerxes his Eldest Son succeeded him in the Kingdom and reign'd 43 Years About this time Apollodorus the Athenian reports that Antimachus the Poet flourish'd Imilcar the Carthaginian General at the return of the Spring sack'd the City Agrigentum in Sicily and carry'd away the Carv'd Work and richest Furniture out of all those Temples that were not utterly consum'd by the Fire From hence he made an inroad with his whole Army into the Country of Geloa From whence and from the Camarineans having made great Devastations he fill'd his Camp with all sorts of Plunder Then marching for Gela he incampt at a River of the same Name There was a brazen Statue of Apollo of a wonderful bigness at Gela in the Suburbs of the City which the Carthaginians took and sent away Ant. Chr. 403. to Tyre The Geleans had dedicated it by the Command of the Oracle of Apollo But the Tyrians some time after when they were Besieg'd by Alexander the Macedonian reproach'd the Image as if it sided with the Enemy But after that Alexander had taken the City the very same Day of the Week and the very Hour as Timeus reports that the Carthaginians committed the Sacriledge against Apollo at Gela the Grecians honour'd the God with many magnificent Gifts and costly Sacrifices as he by whose help they had won the City Though these things happen'd in times far distant one from another yet because the thing * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Carthaginians besiege Gela. was very remarkable I thought it no digression to compare one Event with the other in this Place The Carthaginians when they had cut down all the Trees about Gela fortify'd themselves by a Wall and deep Trench drawn round their Camp for they expected that Dionysius would come to the aid of the Besieg'd with a great Army They of Gela had at the beginning of the Siege to avoid Danger determin'd to send away their Wives and Children to Syracuse but when the Women all ran together to the Altars in the Forum earnestly praying that they might undergo the same Fate with their Husbands they were suffered to stay After this the Souldiers in the Town dividing Ant. Chr. 403. themselves into several Squadrons sent out part Abroad who being well acquainted with all the Ways and Passages fell upon the Enemy that were straggling here and there and not only brought in Prisoners every Day but kill'd many And when the Carthaginians had batter'd down part of the Walls with their Rams the Besieg'd stoutly defended them and what was beaten down in the Day both Women and Children join'd with the rest and repair'd in the Night For they that were young and able were continually in Arms and ingag'd with the Enemy the rest were diligently imploy'd in working and other necessary Services To conclude they bore the brunt with that Valour and Resolution that though their City was unfortify'd and they receiv'd no Aid from their Confederates and their Walls were broke down in many Places yet Fear did not at all abate their Courage In the mean time Dionysius Tyrant of Syracuse sent for the Grecian Succours in Dionysius hastens to aid Gela. Italy and Aids from his Confederates and imploy'd every one almost that was able to bear Arms in Syracuse and join'd the Army of the Mercenaries with the rest The whole amounted not to above Fifty as some report but as Timeus relates not above Thirty Thousand Foot and a Thousand Horse with Fifty Sail of Ships With these Forces he hastens to the Aid of Gela. When he arriv'd at the City he encamp'd near the Sea This he did that his Forces might not be divided but might fall upon the Enemy both by Sea and Land at once for by skirmishing with his Ant. Chr. 403. light Arm'd Men he prevented their Foraging And by his Horse and the help of P. 391. his Shipping he endeavour'd to intercept all Provisions that should be brought to the Carthaginians from any part of their Dominions However he effected nothing after he had continu'd there Twenty Days After this he divided his Foot into Three Bodies one he deliver'd into the Hands of the Sicilians with a Command that having the City on the Left they should fall upon the Trenches and Fortifications of the Enemy Another Body made up of Succours from the Confederates he order'd should
order'd the Admirals to sail along near unto the Shore and attend upon him as he march'd by Land When he came to the * Gates Pile as they are call'd and found the Entrance without any Guard he was much pleas'd for he was full of Fear lest some had seiz'd the Passes before him For the Place is naturally very streight and defended by Craggy Rocks on every side so that it may be kept by a very few Men. For there are two Mountains that rise up on either side near one to another the one mounting up with sharp Rocks of a prodigious height and the other call'd Libanus beginning at the very Entrance into the only Passage Ant. Ch. 399. that leads through those Places and runs out as far as to Phenicia The space lying between these two Mountains is about * A Quarter and an half of a Mile Three Furlongs wide strongly fortify'd shut up with streight and narrow Gates When Cyrus had pass'd through here he discharg'd the Fleet and sent it back to Ephesus for he had no occasion to use it being now to march through the Heart of the Country After twenty Days march he came to Thapsacus near to the River Euphrates After he had continu'd here Five days and had gain'd the Hearts of the Soldiers by plenty of Provision and rich Spoils and Booties he call'd a Council and discover'd to 'em his whole design But perceiving that the Army was very uneasy upon what he said he earnestly intreated all of them that they would not now Desert him and endeavour'd to pacify them by promising besides other Rewards a * 3 l. 2 s. 6 d. Mina apiece to every Man as soon as he came to Babylon Upon which being thus encourag'd and having their Expectations rais'd high they at length consented Hereupon Cyrus pass'd his Army over Euphrates and went forward without making any Halt and as soon as he came to the Borders of Babylon he gave leave to his Army to refresh themselves Artaxerxes the King had some time before notice given him by Pharnabazus of the secret Preparations of Cyrus against him but now having certain Intelligence of his March he call'd all his Forces together from every place to Ecbatana in Media and with what Force he then had march'd against Cyrus not being willing to stay for the Aids from India and other Nations who he perceiv'd would be too long in coming up to him by reason of the great Distances of the several Places from whence they came His Army as Ephorus relates amounted to no less then Four hundred thousand Horse and Foot When he came within the Borders of Babylon he Encamp'd at Euphrates purposing there to leave his heavy Baggage For he knew the Enemy was not far off and therefore Ant. Ch. 399. had just Cause to fear their desperate and daring Attempt He drew therefore a Trench Threescore Foot in breadth and Ten in depth and Barricaded it with Carts and Carriages as with a Wall here he left his Baggage and those that were Sick and Weak with but a slender Guard but he himself with a swift March made towards the Enemy who were then near at hand When Cyrus saw the King's Army advancing he forthwith commanded all his Army P. 408. The Battel between Cyrus and Arraxerxes It was fought at a Plac'd call'd Cynaxa 500 Furlongs from Babylon Plut. Artaxerxes to their Arms. The Lacedaemonians and some Mercenaries were in the Right Wing stretch'd out to the River Euphrates under the Command of Clearchus the Macedonian with whom were join'd above a Thousand Paphlagonian Horse The Lest Wing was commanded by Arideus consisting of Phrygians and Lydians and in this were about a Thousand Horse more In the middle Battel was Cyrus himself with a Guard for his Person consisting of the best Persian Soldiers and other Barbarians to the number of Ten thousand Men before whom march'd as a Vaunt-guard a Thousand Horse gallantly accoutred with Grecian Swords and Coats of Mail. On the other side Artaxerxes plac'd a great number of hook'd Chariots in front of his whole Army and committing the two Wings to the Command of Persian Officers he himself remain'd with the Main Body guarded with no less then Fifty thousand choice Men. When the Armies came within * A Quarter and half of a Mile Three Furlongs one of another the Grecians sang the †The Pean was a song to Mars before the Fight and to Apollo after the Victory Ant. Ch. 399. Pean and then silently led the Van and as soon as they came within the Cast of a Dart they ran in upon the Enemy with great Fury for so Clearchus had ordered them conceiving that if they fought at a great Distance their whole Bodies would be Marks for their Enemies during all the time of the Fight whereas if they engag'd close at Hand they would be less subject to the Darts and Arrows of the Persians As soon as the Main Body with Cyrus came up to the King 's a Shower of Darts and Arrows like a Tempest fell upon them as great as can be imagin'd might be discharg'd by a Body of Fifty thousand Men. But after they had fought a while with their Darts at a distance at length they fell to it hand to hand The Lacedaemonians and Mercenaries at the first Charge routed that Part of the Army that oppos'd them far exceeding the Barbarians both in dexterity of Fight and the resplendant brightness of their Arms. For all the Barbarians were but lightly arm'd and many of the Regiments were of the meanest Soldiers and the greatest part but raw and unexpert in War The Grecians on the contrary by so long and continual exercise of their Arms in the late Peloponnesian War were grown very skilful and excellent Soldiers so that they put their Adversaries presently to flight and made a great slaughter of the Barbarians It so happen'd that both the Generals who were contending for the Kingdom being in the main Battel on either side and weighing how fatal the issue would be made one against the other purposing to decide the Controversie by their own hands and Destiny seem'd now to engage these two Brothers in a Duel as if it had been in imitation of that ancient and stout Combat between * The Sons of Oedipus King of Thebes kill'd one another in a Combat fighting for the Kingdom Plut. Lives Ant. Ch. 399. Eteocles and Polynices so memoriz'd by Poets in their Tragedies Here Cyrus made the Onset and at a distance threw his Javelin with all his force at the King and brought him down to the Ground who was presently taken up as dead and carry'd out of the Fight by them that were about him Upon this Tissaphernes a Noble Persian steps into the King's place encourages the Soldiers and sights valiantly himself endeavouring to revenge the suppos'd Death of the King flew about into every Place with the choicest of the Troops and made
govern according to their own Laws And now Lacedaemon being at leisure and at Peace with all her Neighbours prepares for War against them of Messina Some of them then held a Castle in Cephalenia others inhabited in Naupachus within the Country of the Locrians call'd Hesperians formerly given to them by the Athenians But they cast them out of both and restored the Castle to the Cephalenians and the other to the Locrians The miserable Messinians through the ancient hatred of the Lacedaemonians were expell'd every where and were forced to leave Greece marching away with their Arms some sail'd to Sicily and Listed themselves Soldiers under Dionysius others to the number of Three thousand made to * A City in Lybia in Africa Cyrene and join'd with other Exiles there For at that time a great Sedition was among the Cyrenians after Aristo with some others had possess'd themselves of the City by whom Five hundred of the principal Men of the City on a sudden were slain upon which all the Persons of Quality fled out of the Town Hereupon the Exiles of Cyrene join'd with the Messinians and march'd in a Body against them who kept the City The Parties engag'd and in the Fight a great slaughter was made of the Cyrenians and almost all the Messinians were cut off After the Fight Messengers were sent to and fro and the matter at length was compos'd by the Cyrenians among themselves who engag'd by solemn Oath one to another That all Injuries should be afterwards for ever forgotten so that they liv'd together from that time peaceably in the Government of their Common wealth About this time the Romans sent Colonies to them call'd * Velitrae Ventras The Year ended Laches was made Lord-Chancellor of Athens At Rome the Consular Ann. M. 3572. Olym 95. Ant. Ch. 398. Dignity was given again to Military Tribunes Manlius Claudius * Livy says Marcus Emilius Appius Claudius Marcus Quintilius Lucius Julius Marcus Posthumius and Lucius Valerius Marcus Quintius Lucius Julius Marcus Furius and Lucius Valerius Then was celebrated the Ninety Fifth Olympiad in which Minos the Athenian was Victor At the same time Artaxerxes King of Asia after the Defeat of Cyrus sent * Pharnabazus is here put for Tissaphernes Ush An. 169. Tissaphernes to take into his Care and Charge all the Governments on the Sea Coasts upon which the Provinces and Cities which had sided with Cyrus were greatly terrify'd lest they should be punish'd for what they had done against the King And therefore sought to qualify Tissaphernes by their Messengers and every one to the utmost of his Power endeavour'd to procure his Favour But Tamos the Chiefest of them Lord-Lieutenant of Ionia put his Wealth and all his Children on board except one call'd Gaus who was afterwards the King of Persia's General out of fear of Tissaphernes and sail'd into Aegypt for Protection to Psmammiticus the King Descended from the ancient Psammiticus whom he had formerly oblig'd by several good Offices and therefore hop'd he should find there shelter and safe Harbour to secure him from the impending Storm of the King 's Wrath. But Psammiticus neither valuing former Benefits nor regarding the Law of Nations to them in distress out of Covetousness to gain the Money and the Ships cut the Throat of his Friend and Suppliant and of all his Children The Cruelty of the King of Aegypt In the mean time the Graecian Cities throughout Asia hearing of the Descent of Tissaphernes sent Ambassadors to the Lacedaemonians and earnestly intreated them that they would not suffer them to be utterly destroy'd by the Barharians Upon this they promis'd forthwith to send them Aid and by their Ambassadors sollicited Tissaphernos that he would not invade the Graecian Cities with his Army However regardless of their Ambassadors P. 416. he set upon the Cumeans in the first place and wasted and spoil'd the Country round about and took a vast Number of Prisoners And afterwards besieged the City but by reason of Winter coming on he could not take it and therefore after he had receiv'd a great Sum of Money for the Redemption of the Captives he rais'd his Siege Ant. Ch. 398. The Lacedaemonians in defence of the Greek Cities made Thimbro General in the War against the King and gave him the Command of a Thousand Spartans with Orders to War between the Lacedaemenians and Persians raise as many Men more from among their Confederates as he thought fit for the present Service Upon which Thimbro goes to Corinth and mustering the Aid he had got together from several places he passes over to Ephesus with no more than Five thousand Men After he had raised Two thousand more from the Confederate Cities and other places having with him not above Seven thousand Men he march'd an * About Fifteen Miles Hundred and twenty Stages and took Magnesia at the first Assault a City within the Government of Tissaphernes Then he came to Trallis a Town in Ionia and determin'd to Besiege it but not being able to effect any thing to purpose there by reason of the strength of the place he return'd to Magnesia This place was then unwall'd therefore fearing lest Tissaphernes should retake it after he was gone he remov'd it higher to the next Hill call'd Thorax From whence he made several incursions upon the Enemy and loaded his Soldiers with variety of Plunder But hearing that Tissaphernes was near at hand with a great Body of Horse he forthwith retir'd to Ephesus About this time part of those Soldiers that went along with Cyrus against his Brother return'd into Greece every one to their own Country Others the greater part of them that were always accustomed to Military Employment to the number almost of Five thousand chose Xenophon for their General who with those Forces made an Expedition against the Thracians who inhabited * A Promontory in Pontus Salmidessus This is a long Creek lying shooting out along the Left side of Pontus well known for the many Ship-wracks that have been there by reason whereof the Thracians near those parts use to seize upon the Merchants that have escap'd to Shore and carry them away as Captives Xenophon therefore with his Forces breaks into their Country overcomes them in Battle and burns many of their Towns and Villages From hence they are sent for by Thimbro with promise Ant. Ch. 398. of being well paid upon which they march'd to him being very eager to assist the Lacedemonians against the Persians During these Actions Dionysius in Sicily builds a Town at the foot of Aetna and from a certain famous Temple calls it Adranus In Macedonia King Archilaus when he Dionysius builds Adranus in Sicily was Hunting was kill'd by Craterus whom he dearly lov'd after he had Reign'd Seven years and his Son Orestes yet a Child succeeded him After the death of Archelaus Aetropus the Tutor and Guardian of Orestes Govern'd the Kingdom for the
Mylas and took it and and discharg'd all the Naxians that were there * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 upon terms of mutual Friendship who went to the Sicilian and Grecian Cities some to one place and some to another Dionysius now having made a League with the Cities that lay upon the Sea-Coasts determin'd to pass over with an Army against Rhegium But for the present his Design was retarded by the Sicilians at Tauromenum whom therefore he resolv'd in the first place to reduce Dionysius besieges Tauromenium to which end he marched thither with all his Forces and Encamp'd on that side towards Naxos and continu'd his Siege all Winter in hopes that the Sicilians would leave the Hill because they had not been long there But they having heard their Fathers declare that the ancient Sicilians the former Inhabitants of that Place were expuls'd thence by the Grecians when they arriv'd there and built Naxus they therefore concluded they had just cause both to defend their own Country and to revenge the Injury done to their Ancestors by the Greeks and so they defended the Place with great Resolution In the mean time while the Dispute was hot on both sides * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ant. Ch. 392. the Winter Solstice drew near at hand and Winter coming on apace all the Places near the Castle were full of Snow and Dionysius conceiving that the Sicilians by reason of the strength of the Place and height of the Walls kept but a slender Guard in the Castle he ascends those high and steep Places in a dark and tempestuous Night and with much difficulty by reason of the steepness of the Rock and depth of the Snow at length with a scarr'd Face and half blind with Cold and Snow possess'd himself of one part of the Castle Then presently forcing into another he laid open a Passage for his Army into the City Upon which the whole Power and Strength of the Sicilians ran together and drove the Dionystans out of the City and Castle and he himself by a blow upon his Brigandine in the pursuit was knock'd down and was very near falling alive into the hands of his Enemies And in regard the Sicilians had the advantage of high Ground from whence they gall'd the other above Six hundred of Dionysius's his Men were kill'd and many lost their Arms Dionysius himself Dionysius near killing sav'd only his Corslet After this Misfortune they of Agrigentum and Messina those that sided with Dionysius being at a great distance were altogether intent upon regaining their Liberty and therefore sent back Dionysius's Ambassador who was order'd to them to renew and continue the Confederacy and League that then was between them and the Tyâ—ant About this time Pausanias King of Sparta fled out of his Country by reason of some hainous Crimes laid to his charge by the Citizens when he had reign'd Fourteen Years Agistpolis his Soft succeeded him and continu'd as many years more Then likewise dy'd Pausaniaâ— King of Macedon whom Amyntas treacherously murther'd after he had reign'd only one Year Amyntas who thus thus got the Kingdom held it Four and twenty Years At the End of the Year Demostratus was chosen Archon of Athens and six Military Olymp. 96. 4. Ant. Ch. 391. Tribunes Lucius Titinius Publius Licinius Publius Melius Quintus * Maenius The Acts of Mago in Sicily P. 444. Mallius Gneius Genutius and Lucius Attilius govern'd as Consuls at Rome In their time Mago the Carthaginian General was busie in Sicily endeavouring to settle the Affairs of Carthage there which were then but in an ill Condition since the last slaughter and ruin of their Army To this end he carry'd himself with all Mildness and Humanity towards all the Cities within his Government and receiv'd all others into his Protection that were Enemies to Dionysius and enter'd into Leagues with many of the Sicilians At length he rais'd an Army and march'd against Messina and when he had wasted the Country he return'd with rich Booty and Encamp'd near Abacena a City of his Confederates But Dionysius with his Army march'd up to him and upon his approach both Armies were drawn out in order of Battel upon which there was a sharp and hot Engagement in which the Carthaginians were routed and fled to the City with the loss of above Eight hundred Men And Dionysius return'd to Syracuse But within a few days after he made an Expedition against Dionysius sets upon Rhegium in Italy Rhegium with an hundred Sail well Mann'd and coming upon them on a sudden in the Night he set the Gates on Fire and rear'd Scaling-Ladders to the Walls A few only of the Rhegians at first ran to repulse the Enemy and busied themselves in extinguishing the Fire but by the advice of Heloris the Governor they left the Fire and fell with all their force upon the Enemy and by that means sav'd their City For if they had continu'd Ant. Ch. 391. still in quenching the Flames so small a number could not have kept out the Dionysians till the rest of the Citizens had come in to their assistance For by throwing of Timber and other combustible matter from the Tops of the Houses next adjoining they rather increas'd the Fire Dionysius being thus disappointed in his design wastes and destroys all the Country round about with Fire and Sword but afterwards made a Truce with them for one Year and so return'd to Syracuse In the mean time the Grecians in Italy perceiving that Dionysius his Covetousness and The Grecians confederate in Italy against Dionysius Ambition extended as far as to their Countries enter'd into a general League and appointed a publick Place for their Common Assemblies By this means they hop'd that they should both be able to oppose Dionysius and likewise have an Army always ready to fight the Lucanians who were ever and anon making inroads upon them While these things were doing the Exiles that were in the Lecheum at Corinth being let into the City in the Night endeavour'd to possess themselves of the Walls but were The Lacedaemonians beaten by Iphicrates near Corinth driven out again by Iphicratis and forc'd to fly to the Arsenal with the loss of Three hundred Men. Within a few days after part of the Spartan Army march'd through the Territories of Corinth and were suddenly fallen upon by Iphicrates and some other Confederates who out off the greatest part of them And marching from thence with his Light-arm'd Men against Phlias he engag'd with them that came out of the Town and kill'd above Three hundred of them Hence he made against Sicyon who drew out under Ant. Ch. 391 the Walls and fought him but were beaten and forc'd into the City with the loss of Five hundred Citizens After these things the Argives with all their Forces came against Corinth and took both Corinth taken by the Argives the Castle and City and join'd that Territory to their
to make War upon them both at once Dionysius likewise himself divided his Forces some against the Italiots and others against the Carthaginians Whereupon many light skirmishes pass'd between Parties here and there every day but nothing was as yet done of any moment But there afterwards hapned Two great Battles that were especially famous and remarkable in one of which at a place call'd Cabala Dionysius made himself noted Dionysius routs the Carthaginians at Cabala in Sicily for his Valour and routed the Enemy killing above Ten thousand of them and taking Five thousand prisoners forc'd the rest to fly to a Hill that was fortify'd but altogether without Water In this Fight Mago their General was kill'd behaving himself with great Gallantry and Resolution The Carthaginians terrify'd with the greatness of this Slaughter sent forthwith Ambassadors to make Peace with Dionysius but he P. 466. return'd them Answer that there was only one way left for them to make peace with him and that was forthwith to quit all the Cities of Sicily and to reimburse all the charge of the War This Answer was lookt upon as harsh and proud Therefore they betook themselves to their old Arts of Fraud and Deceit For they seem'd as if they allow'd of his terms but pretended that it was not in their power to deliver up the Cities to him therefore they desired a Truce for some few days that they might consult with the Magistrates concerning this Affair which he agreed unto He was much transported at the Ant. Ch. 381. Truce having now a prospect presently as he conceiv'd to be Lord of all Sicily In the mean time the Carthaginians bury'd Mago their King with great Pomp and State putting his Son into the same place who tho' he was very young yet there were marks and appearances in him of more than ordinary Wisdom and Valour This new General spent all the time of the Truce in Training and Disciplining of his Soldiers so that what with his daily Diligence exact Directions and frequent exercise of their Arms he had an Army both readily subject to Command and hardy and strong for Service And now the time of the Cessation expir'd and the Armies on both sides came hastily into the Field and at Cronion was a sharp Engagement where God gave the Carthaginians Another Battle at Cronion where Dionysius was beaten the Victory to make amends for their former slaughter For they who were grown proud and boasting by their Victory a little before were now as low and poor spirited On the other hand they who were altogether dejected and in despair by reason of their overthrow had their Spirits on a sudden rais'd by their great and unexpected success For Leptines who commanded one of the Wings a valiant Man signaliz'd himself and there sell in the Bed of Honour after he made a great slaughter amongst his Enemies After whose Fall the Carthaginians pluckt up their Spirits and at length put their Enemies to flight Dionysius with those choice Men he had with him at the first worsted those that charg'd him but when the death of Leptines was known and the other Wing was discern'd to be broken and dispers'd that part of the Army with Dionysius fled likewise Upon which the whole Body betaking themselves to their heels the Carthaginians made a hot pursuit and gave Orders that no Quarter should be given so that all being kill'd that came to hand every place for a long way together was strow'd and cover'd with dead Bodies The Carthaginians in revenge of their former loss had made so Ant Ch. 301. great a slaughter that when the slain came to be bury'd they were found to amount to above Fourteen thousand Sicilians and it was by the advantage of Night only that the rest escap'd The Carthaginians having now gain'd so great and remarkable a Victory return'd to Panormas However as it became Men they us'd their Prosperity with great Moderation and sent Ambassadors to Dionysius to offer him Terms of Peace which he readily embrac'd And all was concluded upon these conditions That both sides should keep what they had before the War save only that the Carthaginians should have the City and Territory of Selinuntia and part of the Country of Agrigemum Peace concluded by the Carthaginians with Dionysius as far as to the River Alycum and that Dionysius should pay a Thousand Talents to the Carthaginians And thus stood Affairs in Sicily at that time In Asia Gaius Admiral of the Persian Fleet who had rebell'd against the King after he had engag'd the Lacedemonians and Aegyptians to his Interest was Murther'd secretly Gaius Murther'd P. 467. Tachos Rebels against the King of Persia Ant. Ch. 381. by some body unknown and so fall'd of his Designs After whose Death Tachos pursuing the same Design got an Army together and built a City upon an high Rock joining to the Sea call'd Leuca where he built a Chappel to Apollo but he dy'd likewise a little after upon whose death the Clazomenians and they of Cuma fell at strife and variance for the Town which at first they went about to decide by force of Arms But afterwards by the advice of some Person consulting the Oracle of Delphos to know to which of the Cities Leuca should belong The Prophetess Answer'd That it should be theirs who should first sacrifice at Leuca but that both should set forth from their Cities at the rising of the Sun upon one and the same day as they themselves should agree upon Accordingly Contention between them of Cuma and them of Clazomenia about Leuca the day was set the Cumeans in the mean time lookt upon themselves to have the advantage because their City was nearer than the other But the Clazomenians tho' they were more remote yet contriv'd this project to gain their end They sent some of their Citizens chosen by Lot to a Colony of theirs not far from Leuca and from thence at Sun rising they began their Journey and so finish'd their Sacrifices before them of Cuma Having gain'd Leuca by this trick in memory thereof they appointed a yearly Festival which they call'd Prophthasia from this their coming first to Leuca These things thus done all Rebellions in Asia were at an end and the Lacedemonians now after the death of Gaius and Tachos would have no more to do with Asia but set their Heads at work how to advance their power in Greece And having persuaded some of the Cities and forc'd others to receive their Exiles they possess'd themselves of the Sovereighty of the whole manifestly against the League amongst all the Grecians made by Antalcydas by the help of the King of Persia In Macedonia King Amyntas after he was overcome by the Illyrians in despair of being able to help himself bestow'd a large Tract of Land upon the Olynthians which lay near to them as never thinking to be restor'd again to his Kingdom The Olynthians enjoy'd this Peace for
Syracuse But the Carthaginians forthwith Mann'd out Two hundred Sail and entring the Port at Eryx unexpectedly on a sudden Dionysius's Fleet surpriz'd in the Harbour came up to the Ships there and carry'd away most of them out of the Harbour But Winter drawing on both sides made a Truce and return'd with their Armies to Winter Quarters And not long after Dionysius fell Sick and Died having reign'd Thirty Dionysius dies Eight years whose Son Dionysius succeeded him and govern'd Twelve years Here it will not be a matter foreign to the design of our History if we relate the Cause of his Death and what hapned to this Prince a little before that time When he had caus'd a Tragedy of his call'd the Leneians to be acted at Athens and Ant. Ch. 396. An Account of Dionysius and the manner of his Death P. 496. was proclaim'd Victor one of the Singers or Musitians in the Chorus hop'd to gain an Honourable Reward by bringing him the first News of his Victory To that end he Sail'd to Corinth and thence took Shipping for Sicily and with a fair Wind arriv'd at Syracuse and presently gives the Tyrant an account of his Victory Upon which he was so Transported with Joy that he bountifully Rewarded the Man and that he might give thanks to the Gods by costly Sacrifices for such an happy piece of News he made splendid Entertainments in Feasting and Drinking But in this sumptuous Reception of his Friends drinking to Excess and overcharging Nature he fell into a most violent Distemper which kill'd him He had been formerly forewarn'd by an Oracle That he should then die when he should overcome those who were better than himself This doubtful Prophecy he appli'd to the Carthaginians looking upon them to be more powerful than he himself And upon that account tho' he was often Fighting with them it was his Custom to wave the Victory and own himself to be overcome However he was not able to avoid his Desteny For tho' he was but an ill Poet yet by the Judgment of the Athenians he carry'd away the Victory against those that far excell'd him in that Art So that his Victory over them and the time of his death very well agreed to the sense of the Oracle Dionysius the younger as soon as he came to the Crown call'd a Senate and there courted the People and desir'd them to continue the same good will and respect to him that they had born to his Father Afterwards having first Solemniz'd his Fathers Funeral with great Pomp and State at the King's Gates in the Castle he order'd the Affairs of his Kingdom so as to set himself fast in the Throne At this time Polyzelus was Archon at Athens and at Rome through intestine Broils and Seditions was nothing but an Anarchy In Greece Alexander Tyrant of Pherea Olymp. 103. 2. Ant. Ch. 365. The cruelty of Alexander of Pherea bearing a grudge to them of Scotusa in Thessaly call'd them to a Common Assembly and when they appear'd he encompass'd them with his Guard and put 'em every one to the Sword and threw their Carkasses into the Ditches over the Walls and plundred the City At the same time Epaminondas the Theban with all his Forces broke into Peloponnesus with whom join'd the Achaians and several other Confederates and restor'd * Dymon or Dyme a City of Achaia Dymon * A City of Achaia in Locris now call'd Lepantum Naupachus and * Calydon in Atolia about 7 Miles from the Sea Olymp. 103. 3. Ant. Ch. 364. Calydon to their ancient Liberties and then made another Expedition into Thessaly in which they freed Pelopidas out of the hands of Alexander the Tyrant of Pherea The Phliasians were about the same time besieg'd by the Argives But Chares sent from Athens in Aid of the Phliasians rais'd the Siege having Routed the Argives in two Battles and so return'd to Athens At the end of this Year Cephisodorus was Created chief Governour of Athens and Four Military Tribunes clothed with Consular Dignity govern'd at Rome viz. Lucius Furius Paulus Manlius Servitius Sulpitius and Servius Cornelius At that time Themesio the Prince of Eretria took Oropus belonging to the Athenians but lost it again on a sudden For the Athenians coming upon him with far greater Forces than he was able to Cope with he appli'd himself to the Thebans for Assistance and deliver'd the City into their hands as a pledge which they never after would Restore While these things were Acting they of Coos seated themselves in the * Coos a City so call'd in the Island Coos in the Aegean Sea City they now enjoy and put it into that State and Grandeur it now has For it was made very Populous and a large Wall drawn round about it with great Costs and Expence and furnish'd with an excellent Harbour From this time forward it grew more and more both in its publick Revenues and private Wealth and Riches of its Inhabitants in so much as it vy'd with the chiefest and most famous Cities Ant. Ch. 364. During these Transactions the King of Persia sent Ambassadours to perswade the Graecians to agree and lay aside their Animosities one against another Upon which the Laconick and Baeotick War as they call it which from the time of the Battle at Leuctra P. 497. An end of the Laconick and Boeotick War had continu'd above Five Years was now at length ended About these times Flourish'd several famous Men worthy for their Learning to be for ever remembred As Isocrates the Orator and his Schollars Aristotle the Philosopher and Anaximenes of Lampsacus and especially Plato the Athenian and the last of the Pythagorean Philosophers Besides these Xenophon the Historian now very old for he makes mention of the Death of Epaminondas which hapned shortly after this time Aristippus and Antisthenes and Echines of Sphetus one of the Schollars of Socrates were living at this time CHAP. IX New stirs in Greece The Battle between the Eleans and Arcadians near Lassion The Quarrel between the Pisate and them of Elis about the Olympick Games A Fight at the Time and Place of the Games The Thebans prepare a Fleet in Order to gain the Dominion at Sea Rhodes Chios and Byzantium brought into the Thebans by Epaminondas The Thebans make War upon Orchomenon The Reason Orchomenon raz'd The Thessalians War with Alexander the Pheraeen Pelopidas Kill'd his Praises THIS Year Chion was chief Governour at Athens and these Military Tribunes Executed Olymp. 103. 4. Ant. Ch. 363. the Consular Authority at Rome viz. Quintus * Servilius New troubles in Greece Servius Caius Veturius Aulus Cornelius Marcus Cornelius and Marcus Fabius In their time while all Greece was at Peace on a sudden new Stirs and Preparations for War began to break out between some of the Cities For the Exiles of Arcadia made an Excursion out of Elis and Seiz'd upon the strong Castle of * A
by Peace made Ant. Ch. 361. reason of the implacable Hatred they bore the Messineans would not subscribe the Articles of Peace And therefore they of all the Grecians were the only Men that swore not to the League As to the Writers in this year Xenophon the Athenian concludes his History of the Wars of Greece with the death of Epaminondas Anaximenes likewise Xenophon ' s History ends Anaximenes of Lampsacus writ the First Part of his History of the Grecian Affairs * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from the Origin of the Gods and the First Being of Mankind to the Battle of Mantinea and the death of Epaminondas containing almost all the Affairs both of the Grecians and Barbarians in Twelve Volumes Lastly Philistus who writ the History of Dionysius the younger in Two Books ends them here CHAP. XI A Defection from the Persians in Asia Tachos King of Aegypt declares War against the Persians The War between Tachos and his Son Nectabanus The Death of Artaxerxes Mnemon Agesilaus Routs the Aegyptians that pursu'd him and restores Tachos to his Kingdom Stirs again in Greece after the Battle of Mantinea between the Megalopolitans and the Neighbouring Towns Peparethos Besieg'd by Alexander of Pherea He Routs Leosthenes at Sea Charietes the Athenian Admiral his Villanies THIS Year Molon was Lord Chancellor of Athens and Lucius Genucius and Quintus Olymp. 1â—4 3. Ant. Ch. 360. Servilius Roman Consuls In their times the Inhabitants of the Sea Coasts of Asia made a defection from the Persians and some of the Governors of the Provinces and Chief Commanders began new Broils and rose up in Arms against Artaxerxes Tachos likewise King of Aegypt declar'd War against the Persians and imploy'd Tachos the Aegyptian King declares War against the Persians himself in Building of Ships and raising of Land Forces he brought over also the Lacedemonians to join with him and hir'd many Soldiers out of the Cities of Greece For the Spartans bore a grudge against Artaxerxes because he had order'd the Messinians to be comprehended in the publick League among the Grecians This great Conspiracy caus'd the Persian King likewise to bestir himself to raise Forces For he was to ingage in a War with the King of Aegypt the Grecian Cities in Asia the Lacedemonians and their Confederates and the Lord Lieutenants and Chief Commanders of The Persian Lord Licutenants Conspire against Artaxerxes Ant. Ch. 360. P. 505. the Sea Coasts all at one and the same time Among these Ariobarzanes Lord Lieutenant of Phrygia was Chiefest who had possess'd himself of the Kingdom of Mithridates after his Death With him join'd Mausolus Prince of Caria who had many considerable Towns and Castles under his Command the Metropolis of which was Halicarnassus wherein was a most stately Citadel the Royal Seat or Palace of Caria and with these were Confederated Orontes Governor of Mysia and Autophrodates of Lydia and of the Ionian Nation the Lycians Pisidians Pamphylians and Cilicians and besides them the Syrians and Phenicians and almost all that border'd upon the Asiatick Sea by this great defection the King lost one half of his Revenues and what remain'd was not sufficient to defray the necessary charges of the War They who fell off from the King made Orontes General of the Army who after he had receiv'd the Command and Moneys enough to pay Twenty thousand hir'd Soldiers for one whole Year betray'd the Confederates that had so intrusted him For Orontes betrays all the Confederates being corrupted with large Bribes and promis'd to be the only Governour of all the Provinces bordering upon the Sea if he would deliver up the Rebels into the power of the King he was wrought upon and in the execution of his Treachery he first Seiz'd upon them that brought him the Money and sent them Prisoners to the King and then betray'd several Cities and Companies of hir'd Soldiers to such Lieutenants as the King had sent into those parts The like Treachery happen'd in Capadocia which was accompany'd with something more than ordinary remarkable Artabazus the King of Persia's General had invaded Capadocia with a great Army whom Datamis the Governour of that Province oppos'd with a strong Body of Horse and Twenty thousand Foot of Mercenaries The Father in Law of Datamis and General of his Horse to ingratiate himself with the King and provide for his own safety stole away in the Night with the Horse to Artabazus having so agreed with him the Day before Datamis encouraging his Mercenaries to be faithful to him by promises to Reward them liberally with all speed March'd after these Treacherous Rascals and overtook them just as they were Ant. Ch. 360 The treachery of Mithrobarzanes against Datamis in Cappadocia joyning the Enemy Upon which the Soldiers of Artabazus likewise fell upon these Runnagate Horse and kill'd all before them For Artabazus at the first being Ignorant not knowing the meaning of the thing thought that he who had betray'd Datamis was now acting a new piece of Treason therefore he Commanded his Soldiers to fall upon the Horse that were advancing towards them and not spare a Man So that Mithrobarzanes for that was the Traytor 's Name being got between them that took him for a Traytor and those that pursu'd him as one that they knew was really such was in an inextricable Labyrinth Being therefore in this strait and having no time The strait he was brought into now further to Consider he made it his business to defend himself with all the Resolution imaginable and so ply'd both parties that he made a great slaughter amongst ' em At length Ten thousand Men and upwards being kill'd Datamis put the rest to Flight and Cut off in the pursuit great numbers of them and at length caus'd the Trumpet to sound a Retreat and call'd off his Men. Some of the Horsemen that surviv'd return'd to Datamis and begg'd for pardon the rest wander'd about and knew not whither to turn themselves But Datamis caus'd his Army to surround Five hundred of those Traytors and to dart them to Death And tho' he had formerly gain'd the reputation of an excellent Soldier yet now by this instance of his Valour and prudent Conduct his Name grew much more famous than before Artaxerxes the King being inform'd of this Stratagem made all the haste he could to be rid of Datamis and within a short time after cut him off by an Ambuscade Whilst these things were in acting Rheomithres was sent by the Rebels into Aegypt to Ant. Ch. 360 Tacho the King and having receiv'd Five hundred Talents and Fifty Sail of Men of War he return'd to Leucas in Asia and sending for many of the revolting Lords and Officers to come to him thither he laid hold of them and sent them all away Prisoners to the King and by this piece of Treachery regain'd the King's favour who was formerly much displeas'd with him Now Tacho King of
Aegypt had prepar'd all things necessary for the War But he P. 506. Tacho's Forces in Aegypt Agesilaus sent to Aid the King of Aegypt Chabrias Tacho's Admiral had a Fleet of Two hundred Sail Ten thousand Grecian Mercenaries and Fourscore thousand Aegyptian Foot He gave the Command of the Ten thousand Mercenaries to Agesilaus who was sent from the Lacedemonians with a Thousand Men to the Aid of the Aegyptians because he was counted the best Soldier of any among them and had the repute of a most expert Commander Chabrias was made Admiral of the Fleet who was not sent there by publick Authority but upon the persuasion of Tachos serv'd him as a private Man The King reserv'd to himself the Generalship of all the Army But Agesilaus would have persuaded him to continue in Aegypt and to manage the War by his Lieutenants but he would not hearken to it tho he advis'd him to the best For when the Army was far distant from Aegypt and now encamp'd in Phenicia the Governour of Aegypt whom he had deputed in his absence revolted and sent to Nectanabus the * Or rather his Brother or Sisters Son Ant. Ch. 360. Tacho submits to the King of Persia The death of Artaxerxes Mnemon Ant. Ch. 360. King's Son to take upon him the Kingdom of Aegypt which kindled Nectanabus the King of Aegypts Son Rebels the Sparks which afterward broke forth into a most cruel and bloody War For Nectanabus being made General of the Aegyptian Forces and before sent out of Phenicia to take in some Cities in Syria being privy and consenting to the Treason against his Father drew the Commanders of the Army by large Gifts and the Soldiers by as large promises to join with him in the War Aegypt therefore being now possessed by the Rebels Tachos was so terrifi'd at the thing that he fled through Arabia to the King of Persia and beg'd his pardon for what he had done whom Artaxerxes not only forgave but made him General of the Army he had rais'd against the Egyptians Not long after the King of Persia dy'd having Reign'd Three and fourty Years Ochus succeeded him and govern'd Three and twenty Years and took upon him the sirname of Artaxerxes For Artaxerxes ruling the Kingdom with great Justice and Integrity and being an earnest promoter and lover of Peace and prosperous in all his Affairs the Persians decreed that all the succeeding Kings should be call'd by his Name And now Tacho the King of Egypt return'd to Agesilaus and presently Nectanabus led above Tacho returns to Agesilaus an Hundred thousand Men against his Father and dar'd him to try his Title to the Kingdom by the Sword When Agesilaus discern'd that the King was fearful not daring to Engage he heartned him up all he could and bid him be of good Courage for it was not Number but Valour that carry'd away the Victory But not being able to prevail he was forc'd to go back with him into a certain large City there to shelter himself where they were presently Besieg'd by the Egyptians who after the loss Ant. Ch. 360. Tacho and Agesilaus besieg'd of a great number of their Men in assaulting the Town drew a Trench and a Wall round the City which was suddenly finish'd by having many hands at Work At length when Provision fail'd Tacho gave up all for gone But Agesilaus encouraging the Soldiers telling 'em all would be well in the Night broke through the Enemies Guards and to admiration got off safe with all his Men But the Egyptians pursuing close at their Heels and being in an open Champion Country purpos'd by their great Numbers to inclose them round and so to Cut them off every Man But Agesilaus in the mean time having possess'd himself of a place secur'd on both sides by Water from the River convey'd through Sluces and Trenches made by Art waited there for the Enemy And having drawn up his Men in such Order as best suted with the Ground and being defended by the Arms of the River so as he could not be hem'd in he there fought with the Egyptians Whose numbers were of so little advantage Agesilaus routs the Aegyptians P. 570. Tacho restor'd Agesilaus's death to them in that Place and the Grecians Valour so far before them that Agesilaus made a great slaughter amongst 'em and put the rest to flight After which Tacho was easily and with little ado restor'd to his Kingdom And he rewarded Agesilaus the only Instrument of his Restauration by many honourable Gifts and so dismiss'd him who in his return Homewards fell Sick in Cyrene and there Dy'd His Body was made up with Honey and brought back to Sparta where he was royally Interr'd Hitherto things proceeded this Year in Asia But in Peloponnesus tho' after the Battle at Ant. Ch. 360. New troubles in Peloponnesus Mantinea a general Peace was made among the Arcadians yet they scarce observ'd the League for one Year but fell into new Broyls and Wars one with another It was one of the Articles of the League that every one should return from the Battle into their several Countries Therefore those neighbouring Cities that had been Translated and forc'd to Seat themselves in Megalopolis which then they bore very grievously now of their own accord return'd to their old Habitations But the other Megalopolitans endeavour'd to force them to leave their ancient Seats again Hence arose a great Contest they of the old Towns crav'd the Assistance of the Mantineans and the rest of the Arcadians and likewise of the Eleans and other Confederates of Mantinea On the other Hand they of Megalopolis address'd themselves to the Athenians for their Aid and Assistance who without delay order'd Three thousand heavy Arm'd Men and Three hundred Horse under the Command of Pammenes Whereupon he March'd to Megalopolis and afterwards by Storming some of the Towns and Terrifying others he forc'd them all at length to return to Megalopolis And thus were these Towns reduc'd into one City and the Tumult which came to this height appeas'd and compos'd Among the Historians of this time Athenas of Syracuse began his History of Dion with this Year compriz'd in Twenty three Books He continu'd likewise the History of Philistus seven Years further in one Book and handling matters summarily made it one intire and perfect History Afterwards when Nicophemus was chief Magistrate of Athens and Caius Sulpitius and Olymp. 1â—4 4. Ant. Ch. 359. Caius Licinius Executed the Consular Authority at Rome Alexander Tyrant of Pherea Mann'd forth several Privateers to the Cyclade Islands and having taken some of them by force carry'd away a great number of Captives Then he landed his Soldiers in * A Port of Achaia Alexander of Pherea routs the Athenian Fleet at Panormus Leosthenes Condemn'd to Death by the Athenians Peparethos and Besieg'd the * One of the Cyclade Islands now Lemene call'd Peparethos City But the Peparethians
being reliev'd by the Athenians Garison under the Command of Leosthenes who had been before left there Alexander set upon the Athenians themselves It so hapned that as they were watching and had set a Guard upon Alexander's Fleet which then lay at Panormus he fell upon them on a sudden and obtain'd an unexpected Victory For he not only rescu'd his Men out of the Imminent dangers wherewith they were surrounded at Panormus but likewise took five Athenian Gallies and one of Peparethus and Six hundred Prisoners The Athenians being enrag'd at this misfortune Condemn'd Leosthenes to Death and Confiscated all his Goods and made Charetes Commander in his stead and sent him with a considerable Fleet into those parts who spent his time only in scaring the Enemies and oppressing the Confederates For Sailing to Corcyra a Confederate City he stirr'd up such Seditions and Tumults there as ended in many Slaughters Rapines and plundering of Mens Goods and Estates which caus'd the Athenians to be ill spoken of by all the Confederates committing many other villanies and to summ up all in a few Words he did nothing but what tended to the disgrace and dishonour of his Country Dionysiodorus and Anaxis Boeotian Writers who Compos'd an History of the Grecian Affairs end their Relations with this Year And now having given an Account of those Affairs and things done before the Reign of Philip according to our first design P. 508. we shall put an end to this Book In the next following shall be Comprehended what Ant. Ch. 359. ever was done by that King from the beginning of his Reign to the time of his Death with other things that happen'd in the known parts of the World ASIAE Veteribus Cognit◠Tabula BOOK XVI IT 's the Duty of all Writers of History whether they Treat of the Actions of Kings PREFACE or of particular Cities to relate the Whole from the Beginning to the Conclusion For we conceive that hereby the History is both better remembred and more clearly Understood For imperfect Relations without Knowledge of the Issue of what is begun gives an unpleasant Check to the Diligent Reader 's eager Expectation But where the Matter is drawn down by a continu'd Thred to the end of the Narration such Writings make the History compleat in all its Parts but more especially if the Nature of things done do lead the Writer as it were by the Hand This Course is by no means to be neglected Since therefore we are now come to the Affairs of Philip Son of Amyntas we according to the former Rule shall endeavour to comprehend in this Book all the Actions of this King For he reign'd as King of Macedon Two and Twenty Years who making use at the first but of small means at length advanc'd his Kingdom to be the Greatest in Europe and made Macedon which at the time of his coming to the Crown was under the servile Yoke of the Illyrians Mistress of many potent Cities and Countries And through his Valour the Grecian Cities voluntarily submitted themselves to him and made him General of all Greece And having subdued * The Phocians those that Robb'd and Spoil'd the Temple at Delphos coming in aid of the God there he was made a Member of the Senate of the Amphictyons and for a Reward of his Zeal to the Gods the Right of Voting in the The Court of the Amphictyons was the great Court of Greece which sate at Delphos in Phocis like to the States-General at the Hague Vid. Paus Lib. 10. Cap. 8. The Phocians had two Votes in that Assembly Senate which belonged to the Phocians whom he had overcome was allotted to him After he had overcome the Illyrians Paeones Thracians Scythians and the Countries adjoyning to them his Thoughts were wholly imploy'd how to destroy the Persian Monarchy But after he had set free all the Grecian Cities and was promised Forces to be raised for the Expedition into Asia in the midst of all his preparations he was prevented by Death But he left those and so many more Forces behind him that his Son Alexander had no occasion to make use of the Assistance of his Confederates in the Overturning of the Persian Empire And all those things he did not so much by the Favour of Fortune as by the Greatness of his own Valour For this King excell'd most in the Art of a General Stoutness of Spirit and Clearness of Judgment and Apprehension But that we may not in a Preface set forth his Actions before hand we shall proceed to the orderly Course of the History making first some short Remarks of the Times that went before CHAP. I. Philip an Hostage at Thebes makes his Escape Beats the Athenians After makes Peace with them Subdues the Paeones and routs the Illyrians and makes Peace with them WHEN Callimedes was Archon at Athens in the Hundred and Fifth Olympiad in which Porus the Cyrenian was Victor Cneius Genucius and Olymp. 105. An. M. 3612. Ant. Ch. 358. Lucius Aemilius Roman Consuls Philip the Son of Amyntas and Father of Alexander who conquer'd the Persians came to the Crown in the manner following Amyntas being brought under by the Illyrians was forced to pay Tribute to the Conquerors who having taken his youngest Son Philip as an Hostage deliver'd him to be kept by the Thebans who committed the young Youth to the Care of * Polymnis was the Father of Epaminondas the Father of Epaminondas with order to look to his Charge with all Diligence and honourably to Educate and Instruct him A Pythagorean Philosopher was at that time Tutor to Epaminondas with whom Philip being brought up he improv'd more than ordinary in the Pythagorean Philosophy And both these Scholars imploying the utmost of their Parts and Diligence in the Prosecution of their Studies both by that means became Famous for their virtuous Qualifications Epaminondas it 's known to all having run through many Hazards and Difficulties beyond all expectation gain'd the Sovereignty of all Greece for his Country And Philip having the same Advantages shew'd himself nothing inferior to Epaminondas in glorious Atchievements For after the Death of Amyntas his Eldest Son Alexander succeeded him in the Kingdom but Ptolemy Alorites murder'd him and Usurp'd the Government and he himself was serv'd with the same Sauce by Perdiccas who being afterwards overcome in a great Battel by the Illyrians and kill'd * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In a Critical Conjuncture in the very time when there was most need of a King Philip the Brother made his escape and took Possession of the Kingdom now in a very shatter'd Condition For there were above Four Thousand Macedonians kill'd in the Fight and those that surviv'd were in such Consternation and Fear of the Illyrians that they had no heart left for the Prosecuting of the War Ant. Ch. 358. About the same time the Paeones Neighbours to the Macedonians in contempt of them wasted their Country
and the Illyrians rais'd again great Forces and design'd another Expedition against the Macedonians And to aggravate the matter one * Son of Aeâ—opus who formerly had Usurp'd the Kingdom of Macedon Pausanias of the Royal Family by the assistance of the King of Thrace endeavour'd to Invade the Kingdom of Macedon The Athenians likewise Enemies to Philip endeavour'd to restore * Argaeus another Son of Aeropus Argaeus to the Kingdom of his Ancestors and to this purpose had sent away their General Mantias with Three Thousand well-arm'd Men and a most excellent well provided Navy Hereupon the Macedonians by reason of the late Defeat and the Storm that then threatned them were in great Fear and Perplexity However notwithstanding all the Difficulties and Fear of those things that were at hand Philip nothing discourag'd with those dreadful Clouds of Mischief that seem'd to hang over his Head by his Speeches in the daily Assemblies retain'd the Macedonians in their Duty and by his Eloquence wherein he excell'd stirring them up to be courageous reviv'd their drooping Spirits Then setting upon Reforming the Military Discipline he compleatly arm'd his Men and Train'd them every Day teaching them how to handle their Arms and other Postures of War He likewise instituted the new way of Drawing up into a close Body imitating the Heroes at Troy in locking their Shields one within another so that he was the first that found out the Macedonian Phalange He was very Courteous and Gaining in his Converse and wan the Peoples Hearts both by his Bounty at present and his generous Promises of future Rewards very Politickly likewise as it were by so many Engines defending himself against the many and various Ant. Ch. 358. Mischiefs that were pressing upon him For when he discern'd that the Athenians made it their great business to recover Amphipolis and that Argaeus was endeavour'd to be restor'd to his Kingdom for that end he left the * Amphipolis City of his own accord suffering them to govern themselves according to their own Laws He sent likewise an Ambassador to the Paeones and some of them he corrupted with Bribes others he ensnar'd with fair and winning Promises and for the Present made Peace with them He prevented likewise Pausanias from being restor'd by bribing the King that was ready to assist him for that purpose In the mean time Manthias the Athenian Admiral being arriv'd at * Methone in Macedonia Methone there lay but sent Aegaeus before with a Body of Mercenaries to †Aegae in Macedonia Aegae Coming to the City he endeavour'd to perswade the Aegaeans to allow of his Return and to appear the first for his Restauration to the Kingdom but none consenting he went back to Methone Presently after Philip advancing with a well appointed Army set upon them and cut off many of the Mercenaries the rest who had fled to a Hill near at hand having first delivered up to him the Fugitives he dismiss'd by Agreement Philip being now Conqueror in this first Battel greatly encourag'd the Macedonians and made them hearty and eager to undergo further Toils and Difficulties Whilst these things were acting the Thracians planted a Colony at Crenides as it was heretofore call'd which the King afterwards call'd Philippi after his own Name and fill'd it with Inhabitants From this Time Theopompus of Chiâ—s begins his History of Philip and continues it in Fifty eight Books of which Five are controverted Afterwards Eucharist us was Archon of Athens and Quintus Servilius and Lucius Genucius were Consuls at Rome when Philip sent Ambassadors to Athens with Proposals of Peace Olymp. 105. 2. An. M. 3613. Ant. Ch. 357. and prevail'd with the People upon the account that he was content to quit all his Right in Amphipolis Being therefore thus freed from the War with the Athenians and hearing that Agis King of the Paeones was dead he judg'd that a fair Opportunity was offer'd him to invade the Paeones And to that end he enter'd their Country with a considerable Army overcame them in Battel and forc'd them to stoop to the Macedonian Yoke But still the * Illyrium now Dalmatia and the Inhabitants Dalmatians or Sclavonians Illyrians remain'd an Eye-sore to him whom his Heart and all his Thoughts were continually at work to bring under To that end he call'd a General Council and by a Speech fitted for the Occasion having spirited the Soldiers to the War he led an Army into the Illyrians Country of no less than Ten thousand Foot and Six hundred Horse Bardylis King of the Illyrians hearing of his coming first sent Ambassadors to Philip to renew the League between them upon these Terms That both of them should keep those Towns that they then had To which Philip answer'd That he was very desirous of Peace but resolv'd not to admit of it before that the Illyrians had quitted all the Towns belonging to the Kingdom of Macedon The Ambassadors therefore being return'd without effecting any thing Bardylis confiding Ant. Ch. 357 in the Valour of his Soldiers and encourag'd by his former Victories march'd forth against his Enemies with a strong Army having with him Ten thousand choice Foot and Five hundred Horse When the Armies drew near one to another they suddenly set up a great Shout and so fell to it Philip being in the Right Wing with a strong Body of Macedonians commanded his Horse to wheel about to the end to charge the Enemy in the Flank and he himself charged the Front upon which there was an hot Engagement On the other side the Illyrians drew up in a * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 like a Tilâ— foursquare Body and valiantly join'd Battel The Valour of the Armies on both sides was such that the issue of the Battel was doubtful a long time many fell but many more were wounded and the Advantage was now here and then there according as the Valour and Resolution of the Combatants gave Vigour and Life to the Business At length when the Horse charg'd both upon the Flank and the Rear and Philip with his stoutest Soldiers fought like a Hero in the Front the whole Body of the Illyrians were routed and forc'd to fly outright whom the Macedonians pursu'd a long way After many were kill'd in the pursuit Philip at length gave the Signal to his Men to retire and erected a Trophy and bury'd the Dead Then the Illyrians sent another Embassie and procur'd a Peace having first quitted all the Cities belonging to Macedon There were slain of the Illyrians in this Battel above Seven thousand Men. Having thus given an account of things done in Macedonia and Illyrium we shall now relate the Affairs of other Nations CHAP. II. The Actions of Dionysius the Tounger in Sicily and other Parts Dion's Flight to Corinth and his Return to Sicily Andromachus Peoples Tauromenum The Civil Wars in Euboea The Social War between the Athenians and other Nations Philip takes Amphipolis and
Megalopolitans Ant. Ch. 350. The Lacedaemonians fell out with them of Megalopolis and therefore Archadamus their General made Incursions into their Borders With which the Megalopolitans being highly incensed and not being able to contend by their own Strength sought for Relief from their Confederates Upon which the Argives Sicyons and Messenians assisted them with all the Force they could make After them the Thebans came in to their Assistance with Four thousand Foot and Five hundred Horse under the Command of Cephisiones Being thus strengthened the Megalopolitans made an Expedition and encamped at the Fountains of Aphaeus On the other side the Lacedaemonians were joined with Three thousand Foot from the Phocians and with an Hundred and fifty Horse from Lycophron and Pitholaus who were lately deposed from their Government over the Pheraeans And having got together a considerable Army they encamped at Mantinea But marching hence to Orneas a City belonging to the Argives they took it before the Enemy could come up to them for this Place was in League with the Megalopolitans And though the Argives broke forth upon them yet they were overcome in the Engagement and lost above Two hundred Men. Then the Thebans double to the Lacedaemonians in Number but much inferior to them in their Order of Discipline came upon them upon which there was a sharp Engagement and even while the Victory was doubtful the Argives flag'd and made away with all their Confederates to their Cities But the Lacedaemonians entred into Arcadia and took Elisunta by Storm and after they had plunder'd the Town returned to Sparta Not long after the Thebans with their Confederates routed the Enemy at Telphusa and with the Slaughter of many of them took Anaxandrus the General and several others to the Number of Sixty Prisoners Presently after they became Conquerors likewise in two other Battels and cut off many of their Enemies At length after a remarkable Victory gained by the Lacedaemonians the Armies on both Sides returned to their several Cities and the Lacedaemonians and Megalopolitans entring into a Truce the Thebans returned into Boeotia In the mean time Phalaecus continuing still in Boeotia took Charonaea but upon the Chaâ—oraea taken by Phalaecus Thebans coming into its Relief he was forced to quit it again Afterwards the Boeotians entred Phocis with a great Army and wasted and spoiled a great part of it and harrass'd all the Country round about and plunder'd and destroyed every thing that was in their way They took also some little Towns and loading themselves with abundance of Plunder returned into Boeotia When Thessalus was chief Magistrate at Athens and Marcus Fabius and Titus Quintius Olymp. 107. 2. Ant. Ch. 349. An. M. 3598. executed the Consulship at Rome the Thebans wearied out with the Toils of the Phocian War and brought very low in their Treasure sent Ambassadors to the King of Persia to sollicit that King to supply them with a Sum of Money to which Artaxerxes readily consented and without delay furnished them with Three hundred Talents However there was little or nothing done this Year worth taking notice of between the Boeotians and Phocians save some Skirmishes and harrassing one anothers Countries In Asia the Persian King having invaded Aegypt some Years before with a numerous Army but miscarrying in his Design at this time renewed the War against the Aegyptians and after many worthy Actions performed by his Valour and Diligence he recovered Aegypt Phaenicia and Cyprus But that the History may be made more plain and evident we shall first declare the Causes and Grounds of the War looking back a little to the Times proper for the Occasion The Aegyptians having heretofore rebelled against the Persians Artaxerxes Sirnamed The War of Artaxerxes Ochus with the Aegyptians and Phenicians Ochus notwithstanding sate still and quiet being no ways addicted to Arms. And though Armies under the Command of several Captains were set forth yet through the Treachery and Unskilfulness of the Generals many times he was Unfortunate and Unsuccessful Upon which Account though he was greatly contemned by the Aegyptians yet his Love to his Ease and Pleasure had that Ascendent over him as to inforce him patiently to bear the Disgrace But now when the Phaenicians and Kings of Cyprus Ant. Ch. 349. in imitation of this Disloyalty of the Aegyptians and in Contempt of him were all running into Rebellion the King was at length rouz'd and determin'd to make War upon them But he judged it not Advisable or Prudent to manage the War by his Deputies and Generals but resolved to go himself and try his own Fortune and Conduct in the Defence and Preservation of his Kingdom To that end he made great Preparation of Arms Darts Provision and Forces and raised Three hundred thousand Foot and Thirty thousand Horse and rigg'd out a Fleet of Three hundred Galleys besides Six hundred Ships of Burden and other Transport Ships for all sorts of Provision The War in Phaenicia first broke out upon these Occasions In Phaenicia there is a famous City called Tripolis its Name agreeing with the Nature of the Place for three Cities are contained within its Bounds a Furlong distant one from each other one called the City of the * Aradii a People of Phaenicia Aradians the other of the Sidonians and the third of the Tyrians It 's the most eminent of all the Cities of Phaenicia being that where the General Senate of all the Phaenicians do usually meet and consult about the weighty Affairs of the Nation The Kings Lords Lieutenants and Generals then in Sidon carrying themselves by their severe Edicts rigorously and haughtily towards the Sidonians the Citizens being so abused and not being able longer to brook it studied how to revolt from the Persians Upon which the rest of the Phaenicians being wrought upon by the other to vindicate their Liberty sent Messengers to Nectanetus the King of Aegypt then at War with the Persians to receive them as Confederates and so the whole Nation prepared for War And being that Sidon then exceeded all the rest in Wealth and even private Men by the advantage of Trade were grown very Rich they built a great Number of Ships and raised a potent Army of Mercenaries and both Arms Darts and Provision and all other Things necessary for War were prepared Ant. Ch. 349. And that they might appear first in the War they spoil'd and ruin'd the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The King's Paradise Garden or Orchard Kings Garden cutting down all the Trees where the Persian Kings used to Recreate and Divert themselves Then they burnt all the Hay which the Lord Lieutenants had laid up for the use of the Horses At last they seized upon the Persians who had so insulted over them and haled them to Punishment And in this manner began the War of the Persians with the Phaenicians For the King being informed what the Rebels had so impudently acted threatned to Revenge it
where the King was who receiv'd him as his Friend but order'd the Hundred Noblemen as Authors of the Rebellion to be darted to death Presently after when Five hundred more of the Chiefest of the Sidonians came to him Ant. Ch. 349. with all the Badges of Submission imaginable he call'd Tennes back and ask'd him whether he was able to deliver the City into his Hands for he earnestly desir'd to possess himself of the Place upon any Terms whatsoever rather than upon Treaty to the end that the utter Ruin of the Citizens might be a Terror unto the rest when Tennes assur'd him he was able to effect it the King being still implacable caus'd all the Five hundred who carry'd Olive-Branches before them as Suppliants for Mercy and as Tokens of Submission to be shot to death with Darts Afterwards Tennes readily perswades the Egyptian Mercenaries to receive him and the King within the Walls and so by this treacherous Tennes the Betrayer of Sidon put to death by the King who made use of his Treason Sidon taken It s miserable Condition according to the Prophecy of Ezek. 28. 21. Contrivance Sidon came again into the Hauds of the Persians Then the King judging that Tennes could do him no further Service caus'd his Throat to be cut likewise In the mean time the Sidonians had burnt all their Shipping before the King came lest any of the Inhabitants consulting their own particular Safety should get away by Sea At length when the Sidonians saw that the Enemy was entred and many Thousands of Men ranging here and there and dispers'd all over the City they shut themselves up with their Wives and Children in their Houses and set them on fire and so all consum'd together It 's said there were above Forty thousand with Houshold-Servants that perish'd in these Flames After this Destruction of the Sidonians by which the whole City and Inhabitants were consum'd to Ashes the King sold the Rubbish and Relicts of the Fire for many Talents For being the City was very Rich there was found a vast Quantity of Gold and Silver melted down by the Flames Thus sad was the Calamity under which the Sidonians suffer'd The rest of the Cities being terrify'd with this Destruction Presently surrender'd themselves to the Persians A little before this Artemesia the Princess of Caria died having Ant. Ch. 349. govern'd Two Years Idreius her Brother succeeded in the Principality and reign'd Seven Years In Italy the Romans made a Truce with the Prenestines and entred into a League with the Samnites and cut off the Heads of Two hundred and sixty in the Forum of those that sided with the Tarquins In Sicily Leptines and Callipus the Syracusians being furnish'd with a considerable Army besieg'd Rhegium which was still held by a Garison of Dionysius the Younger and having forc'd out the Garison they restor'd the Rhegians to their * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 own ancient Government CHAP. IX Evagoras beheaded in Cyprus Artaxerxes marches against Aegypt and gains all Aegypt by the Policy of Mentor Lost many of his Men at the Lake of Sorbon Mentor advanc'd Mentor's Stratagem to subdue Hemias Prince of Aterne Zena raz'd by Philip. The King of Aegypt Abdicates his Kingdom and flies to Aethiopia AFterward Apollodorus being Chief Magistrate at Athens and Marcus Valerius and Olymp. 107. 3. Ant. Ch. 348. An. M. 3598. Caius Sulpitius Roman Consuls all the Cities of Cyprus surrender'd themselves to the Persians excepting Salamis which was then besieg'd by Evagoras and Phocian and which Protogoras King of Salamis stoutly defended In the mean time Evagoras endeavour'd to regain the Kingdom of his Ancestors and contriv'd to be restor'd to his Ancient Right by the help of the Persian King But being Ant. Ch. 348. afterwards accus'd before Artaxerxes who thereupon reliev'd Protogoras he laid aside all hopes of being restor'd and having afterwards clear'd himself of all that was laid to his Charge he was intrusted with the Government of a larger Province in Asia which he so misgovern'd that he was forc'd to fly again into Cyprus where being seiz'd he had his Head struck off But Protogoras voluntarily submitting himself to the Persian King Evagoras beheaded kept the Kingdom of Salamis without any Rival for the time to come In the mean time the King of Persia after the Ruine of Sidon being join'd with the Artaxerxes marches against Aegypt Forces that came from Argos Thebes and the ancient Cities march'd with his whole Army against Aegypt When he came to the * Sorbon is the Lake of Sorbon Great Lough or Lake through ignorance of the Places he lost part of his Army in the Boggs there call'd Barrathra But in regard we have before in the First Book spoken of the Nature of this Lake and the strange Things there happening we shall now forbear to repeat them Having pass'd these Gulphs he came to Pelusium the first Mouth of the River Nile where it enters into the Sea Here the Graecians lay close to the City but the Persians Encamp'd forty Furlongs off In the mean while the Aegyptians in regard the Persians had given them a long time to prepare all things necessary for the War had made strong Defences and Fortifications at all the Mouths of Nile especially at Pelusium because it was the First and most conveniently situated where Five thousand Men were in Garison under the Command of Philophoron The Thebans above all the Graecians had a Desire to evidence their Valour and to that end they first of all valiantly attempted to force the Trench which was both Straight and Deep and carried it but as soon as they had gain'd it those of the Garison made a Sally upon which there was a sharp Engagement insomuch as the Dispute was very hot on both sides and continu'd all the Day the Night scarcely putting an end to the Contest The next day the King divided the Greeks into three Brigades every one had a Greek The Persian Army divided into three Brigades Ant. Ch. 348. Commander with whom was join'd a Persian Officer such as was most esteem'd for Valour and Loyalty The First Brigade was of the Baeotians under the Command of Lacrates a Theban and Rosaces a Persian This Rosaces was descended from some of those seven Persians who depos'd the Magi and was Governor of Ionia and Lydia He led a great Body both of Horse and Foot all of Barbarians The Second Brigade was of the Argives Commanded by Nicostratus with whom was Aristazanes a Persian who was employ'd as an Envoy in all the King 's special Affairs and next to Bagoas the Trustiest and Chiefest of his Friends He had Five thousand Soldiers and Fourscore Galleys under his Command The Third Brigade was led by Mentor he who betray'd Sidon who formerly commanded the Mercenaries His Collegue was Bagoas a bold Fellow and none more ready in of executing any Villany in whom the King put great Confidence
King and the Enemy and receiv'd all the Darts upon his own Body that were cast at him and so dy'd upon the Spot The manner of his Death being nois'd abroad Attalus one of the Courtiers and in great esteem with the King invited the other Pausianas to a Feast and after he had made him drunk expos'd his Body thus over-charg'd with Wine to be †By Sodomy abus'd by the Filthy Lusts of a Company of base * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mule-tenders or Ostlers Sordid Fellows When he was Sober he was highly enrag'd at the abominable Abuse and complain'd against Attalus to the King who though he was much offended at the Wickedness of the Fact yet by reason of his Relation to him and that he had present occasion to make use of him in his Service he would not punish him For he was Uncle to Cleopatra whom the King had marry'd as his Second Wife and was design'd General of the Army sent before into Asia being a very stout and valiant Man To pacify therefore Pausanias whose Spirit was highly Exasperated for the intolerable Injury offer'd him he bestow'd on him many rich Gifts and advanc'd him to a more Honourable Post in his Guards But Pausanias's Anger was implacable and therefore determin'd not only to revenge himself upon the Author of this Abuse but upon him that wav'd doing him Justice by the inflicting of Punishment And Hermocrates the Sophist greatly confirm'd him in this his Resolution For Pausanias conversing with him and in Discourse asking him by what means a Man might make himself most famous The Philosopher answer'd by killing him that has done the greatest things for whenever he is nam'd then he likewise that kill'd him will be sure to be remember'd Pausanias making use of this Answer as an incentive to his Rage the Restlessness of his disturb'd Spirit would admit of no further delay but laid his Design in the time of the Festivals in this manner He first plac'd Horses at the Gates of the City then he himself return'd and stood at the Entrance into the Theatre with a Gallick Sword hid secretly under his Coat Philip commanded his Friends that came along with him to go before him into the Theatre and his Guard were at a considerable distance from him Whereupon the Traytor perceiving that the King was Justin Lib. 8 9 alone ran him into the side through the Body and laid him dead at his Feet and forthwith fled to the Horses that were prepar'd for him at the Gates Hereupon presently some of the Life-Guard ran in to the Body others pursu'd the Assassinate amongst whom were Leonnatus Perdiccas and Attalus Pausanias made so swiftly away and nimbly mounted his Horse that he had certainly escap'd but that a Branch of a Vine caught hold of the Heel of his Shoe and so entangl'd him that down he fell Upon which Perdiccas with his Fellows fell upon him as he was endeavouring to rise and after many Wounds given him there slew him And thus Philip the most Potent of all the Kings in Europe in that Age and who for the Greatness of his Dominion associated himself for Majesty into the number of the Twelve Gods came to his end after he had Reign'd about Four and twenty Years This King from very small Beginnings gain'd the largest Dominion in Greece and is judg'd to have enlarg'd the Bounds of his Kingdom not so much by Arms as by his fair Tongue and his complaisant and courteous Demeanour towards all he had to deal with For it is reported That Philip himself would often boast more of his Military Art and Policy and of the gaining of his Enemies by fair Words than in the Strength and Valour of his Soldiers For he was us'd to say That the Honour of winning of Battels was common and due to the rest of the Army with himself but the Praise and Commendation due to Affability and a pleasant Converse was peculiar to himself alone And thus being now come to the Death of Philip we shall end this Book as we at first design'd The following we shall begin with the Succession of Alexander into his Father's Kingdom and endeavour to comprehend all his Actions in one Book BOOK XVII THE former Book being the Sixteenth of our History began with the PREFACE Reign of Philip the Son of Amyntas and comprehended not only the Things done by him to the very Day of his Death but the Actions and Affairs of other Kings Cities and Countries during the space of Four and twenty Years Being now in this to declare what follow'd we shall begin with the Reign of Alexander and in treating of the Actions of this Prince from the Beginning to the End we shall take along with us the most remarkable Things done through all Parts of the World And the Relations we conceive will be the better remembred if Things be methodically digested as it were into distinct Heads so as that the Beginning and End may as by one Thread be knit one to the other For this King did great Things in a very short time and excell'd all the Princes that ever were before him in his wonderful Atchievements effected by his own Valour and Policy For he Conquer'd a great Part of Europe and almost all Asia within the space of Twelve Years So that his Fame was deservedly advanc'd to that degree that in Glory he surmounted all the Heroes and Semigods But we need not we judge in a Preface anticipate any of the worthy Actions of this King for the particular Relations themselves will sufficiently evidence his Greatness and the Fame and Glory of his Name Alexander therefore descended from Hercules on the Father's side and from Achilles on the Mother's seem'd to derive his Valoâ—r as well as his Person from such Famous Ancestors The Time thus stated for this present Relation we return to the Course of our History CHAP. I. Conspiracies of the Cities against Alexander The Athenians send Ambassadors to Alexander to beg Pardon He 's made General by the Amphictyons Attalus kill'd by Alexander's Command The Wickedness of Bagoas Darius commended Raises Forces A Description of Mount Ida. Alexander invades the Illyrians and others Thebes besieg'd by Alexander and raz'd The Miseries of Thebes Prodigies Alexander demands Demosthenes and others to be deliver'd up to him by the Athenians Their Answer He returns into Macedonia and Feasts his Soldiers WHEN Evaenetus was Lord Chancellor in Athens and Lucius Furius and Olymp. 111. 2. Ant. Ch. 333. An. M. 361. Caius * Maenius Manlius were Roman Consuls Alexander ascended the Throne and in the first place executed Justice upon the Murtherers of his Father And when he had with great care celebrated his Funerals he set in order the Concerns of the Kingdom much better than most expected For being very young and upon that account despis'd he sought first to win the Common People by fair Words and courteous Addresses Amongst others he told them
that the Name of the King was only chang'd but that the Government should not be manag'd a jot worse than it was when his Father was alive He courteously likewise gave Audience to the Ambassadors and desir'd the Grecians that they would have the same Kindness for him that they had for his Father which he so esteem'd as that he look'd upon it as part of his Inheritance Then he employ'd himself in the frequent Trainings of the Soldiers and in Martial Exercises and brought the Army readily to submit to his Commands Attalus the Uncle of Cleopatra Philip's other Wife conspir'd to gain the Kingdom and therefore he resolv'd to take him out of the way For Cleopatra was brought to bed of a Son a few Alexander â—n rives how to kill Attalus Days before the Death of Philip and Attalus was sent a little before as General with Parmenio his Colleague with an Army into Asia where by his Bribes and fair Tongue he so gain'd the Hearts of the Soldiers that the Army was wholly at his Devotion Therefore the King conceiv'd he had just cause to be jealous of him lest if he should side with the Grecians who he knew were his Enemies he should by that means gain the Kingdom to himself Therefore he made choice of Heccateus one of his Friends and sent him with a considerable Army into Asia with Command to bring over Attalus alive if Ant. Ch. 333. he could and if he could not effect that to take the first Opportunity to kill him When he came into Asia he join'd his Forces with Attalus and Parmenio and watch'd a fit Opportunity to execute what he was commanded In the mean time Alexander being inform'd that many of the Greciani were hatching some Mischief in order to new Commotions his Thoughts were greatly perplex'd and Conspiracies among the Grecians against Alexander disturb'd For the Athenians Demosthenes stirring them up against the Macedonians rejoyc'd at the News of Philip's Death and resolv'd that the Macedonians should no longer domineer over Greece To this end they sent over Ambassadors to Attalus and privately consulted with him concerning the Management of the whole Affair and stirr'd up many of the Cities to assert their Liberties The Etolians made a Decree to recall the Exiles of Acarnania whom Philip had driven out of their Country The Ambrociots by the Persuasion of Aristarchus drave outthe Garison that was there and restor'd the Democracy The Thebans likewise decreed to cast out the Garison that was in the Citadel of Cadmea and that Alexander should never with their Consent have Command in Greece The Arcadians Ant. Ch. 333. also as they were the only People that refus'd to give their Consent that Philip should be General of Greece so they now rejected Alexander The rest of the Peloponnesians as the Argives Eleans Lacedaemonians and some others were with all their might for their own Government To conclude many of the Nations beyond Macedonia waited for an Opportunity to rebell and great Commotions there were among the Barbarians in those Parts Notwithstanding all which and the Fears that were every where in the Kingdom and though he was but a Youth yet in a short time beyond all expectation he overcame all those Difficulties and made all plain and clear before him reducing some to their Duty by fair and smooth Words and others through fear and dread of Punishments and the rest he compell'd by force to stoop to his Sovereignty In the first place he so far gain'd upon the Thessalians both by Promises of large Rewards and by his smooth and courteous Language telling them how near of kin he was to them by his Descent from Hercules that they by a Publick Decree declar'd him General of Greece as that which descended to him from his Father Having gain'd this Point he brought over the bordering Nations to the same Good Opinion of him Then he went to Pyle and in the Senate of the Amphictyons he so manag'd his Matters that by the General Consent of all he was created Generalissimo of all Greece He assur'd the Ambrociots Alexander made General of Greece in a kind and smooth Oration made to them That he had that Kindness for them that he would presently restore them to that Liberty which they so lately sought to recover But to strike the greater Terror into those that regarded not his Words he came with a swift March with an Army of Macedonians in an hostile manner into Baeotia and encamping near Cadmea struck a Terror into the City of the Thebans About the same time the Athenians hearing of the King 's coming into Boeotia slighted Ant. Ch. 333. him no longer For the Quickness of the Youth and his diligent dispatch of Business greatly terrify'd the Revolters Hereupon the Athenians order'd every thing they had in the Country to be brought into the City and the Walls to be repair'd and guarded as well as they could and sent Ambassadors to Alexander to beg pardon that they had no The Athenians send Ambassadors to Alexander sooner own'd his Sovereignty and order'd Demosthenes to accompany the Ambassadors But he came not with the other to Alexander but return'd from Citherone to Athens either because he was afraid upon the account of the Speeches he had publickly made against the Macedonians or that he was not willing to displease the Persian King For it is reported that he had receiv'd great Sums of Money from the Persians to beat down the Interest of the Macedonians by his Orations Which was hinted they say by Eschines in one of his Speeches wherein he upbraids Demosthenes for taking of Bribes in these Words Now the King's Gold plentifully bears all his Charges But this will not serve his turn long for * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a debaucht Course Covetousness is never satisfy'd with Abundance But to proceed Alexander return'd a very courteous Answer to the Ambassadors which freed the Athenians from their Fears and he order'd all the Ambassadors and * Of the Amphictyons Members of the Council to meet him at Corinth where when those who were usually Members of the General Council were come the King by a gracious Speech so prevail'd with the Grecians that they created him General of all Greece and decreed him Aid and Assistance against the Persians in order to revenge the many Injuries the Greeks had receiv'd Ant. Ch. 333. from them Having gain'd the Honour he thus sought for he march'd back with his Army into Macedonia Having now given an Account of the Affairs of Greece we shall relate next what things were done in Asia For Attalus presently upon the death of Philip began to set up for himself and to that end made a League with the Athenians in order by their joint Concurrence to oppose Alexander But afterwards he chang'd his Mind and fent a Letter written to him by Demosthenes to Alexander and in many smooth and flattering Expressions endeavour'd to
clear himself of all those Crimes and Miscarriages that were laid to his charge However he was afterwards kill'd by Hecateus according to the King's Command upon which the Macedonian Army in Asia laid aside all Thoughts of a Defection for that Attalus was now gone and Parmenio greatly lov'd Alexander But being we are now about to write of the Kingdom of Persia it 's necessary that we begin our Relation a little higher Lately in the Reign of Philip * Darius Ochus Ochus poison'd by Bagoas Ochus rul'd over the Persians hated by all for his Ill Nature and Cruelty towards his Subjects Bagoas therefore a Colonel in the Army and an Eunuch but a wicked and beastly Fellow poison'd the King by the help of his Physician and plac'd the King's youngest Son Arses upon the Throne He likewise murder'd the New King's Brothers who were yet very young that being thus bereft of his Relations he might be more observant to himself But the Young Man abhorring the Wickedness of this Wretch and plainly by many Tokens discovering his Design to punish him Bagoas smelling it out murther'd Arses and Arses murder'd by Bagoas all his Children in the Third Year of his Reign The Royal Family being thus extinct and none of that Race left who could make any Title to the Crown he advanc'd one of his Friends call'd Darius to the Kingdom He Ant. Ch. 333. was the Son of Arsanus the Brother of Artaxerxes King of Persia But the Fate of Bagoas was very remarkable for having habituated himself to Cruelty he resolv'd likewise to poison Darius in a medicinal Potion But this Treason being discover'd the King sent Bagoas justly punish'd by Darius friendly to speak with him and when he came deliver'd to him the Cup and forc'd him to drink it off And indeed Darius was judg'd worthy to enjoy the Kingdom being look'd upon as the most Valiant Man among the Persians For heretofore when Artaxerxes was engag'd in a Battel against the Cadusians one of the Enemy of a strong Body and couragious Spirit challeng'd any of the Persians there present to a single Combat which when none would dare to undertake this Darius enter'd the List and kill'd the Cadusian For which he was highly rewarded by the King and gain'd the chiefest Reputation for Valour among the Persians And for this reason also he was accounted worthy of the Crown of Persia and began to Reign about the same time that Philip dy'd and Alexander succeeded in the Kingdom The Valour therefore of Alexander meeting with such a Man as this for his Adversary to cope with was the occasion so many Battels were fought for the Empire with that Resolution as they were But these Matters will appear more clear hereafter when things come to be distinctly and particularly related For the present we shall return to the Ant. Ch. 333. orderly course of the History * Darius Codomannus conquer'd by Alexander Darius being advanc'd to the Throne of Persia a little before the Death of Philip he was contriving how to avert the War threatned and bring it over to Macedonia it self But when he was dead and so the King freed from that Fear he slighted and despis'd the Youth of Alexander But being for his Valour and Activeness of Spirit in dispatch of Business at length created General of all Greece the Fame and Valour of the Young Man was * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in every Man's mouth And Darius now began to look about him and employ'd his chief Care to raise Forces and fitted out a great Fleet and made choice of the best Officers he could procure to Command his Army which was now very great and numerous among whom Memnon the Rhodian was one a Brave man both for Valour and Discipline Him the King Commanded to march to * Cyzicus an Island in the Propontis and a City there Cyzicus with Five thousand men and to endeavour to take in that City Who in order thereto march'd his Army over the Mountain Ida. Some fabulously report that this Mountain was so call'd from Ida of Meliseus It is the highest Mountain of any about the Hellespont In the middle is a Cave as if it A Description of Mount Ida. were made of purpose to entertain the Gods in which it is reported That * This was Paris the Son of Pâ—iam called Alexander who decided the Controversy between Juno Minerva and Venus by giving the Golden Apple to Venus as the fairest Paus l. 5. c. 19. Alexander gave Judgment concerning the Goddesses Here it 's said the * The Sons of Minerva and Apollo Idei Dactyli were born who were the first that were taught to work in Iron †Cybele by the Mother of the Gods A thing also very Wonderful and Remarkable is ascrib'd to this Place For at the rising of the * In August Dog-Star there is such a Serenity and Calmness of the Air upon the Top of the Mount as if it were there above all Storms and Winds and then even at Midnight the Sun seems to rise so as that its Rays appear not in a Circular Form but casts abroad Flames of Fire here and there at a great distance so that it seems as if Flakes of Fire in several Places overspread the Earth which within a little while after are contracted into one Body till they come to the quantity of Three * Three hundred Foot Plethras At length when the Day is at hand there appears as it were the compleat Body of the Sun inlightning the Air as it uses to do at other times But to proceed Memnon having pass'd over this Mountain assaults Cyzicum on a sudden Ant. Ch. 333. Memnon and was very near surprizing of it But failing in his Design he harrass'd the Country and return'd loaden with a rich Booty In the mean time Parmenio took Grynnius by Storm and sold all the Inhabitants for Parmenio takes Grynnius Slaves Then he besieg'd Pitane but Memnon approaching the Macedonians in a Fright quitted the Siege Afterwards Callas with a Body of Macedonians and other Mercenaries fought with the Persians in the Country of Troas and being overpower'd with Number was beaten and forc'd to retire to Rhetium And in this Condition was Asia at that time Alexander having quieted all the Commotions in Greece march'd with his Army into Thrace which struck such Terror into those People that had caus'd Tumults and Disorders there that he forc'd them to submit to his Government Then he invaded Peonia and * Now Dalmatia or Sclavonia Illyria and the People bordering upon them and having subdu'd those that had Revolted he likewise brought under his Dominion the Barbarians next adjoyning While he was engag'd in these Wars he receiv'd Intelligence that many of the Graecians were about to Revolt and that a considerable Number of the Greek Cities particularly Thebes had already actually rejected his Sovereignty He was hereupon in a great Rage
he was ready to second his stroke Clitus Sirnam'd Niger posts up and cuts off the Hand of the Barbarian The Kinsmen of the two Brothers now both fallen came round about them and at the first ply'd Alexander with their Darts and then fell to it hand to hand and ran through all hazards that they might kill Alexander And though he was inviron'd with imminent Hazards and Dangers of his Life yet the throng of his Enemies did not at all daunt him For though he had receiv'd three strokes through his Breast plate and one Cut upon his Helmet and had his Buckler which he brought from the Temple of Minerva thrice pierc'd through yet he stirr'd not a Foot but stood his ground against all Hazards and Difficulties with undaunted Resolution In the mean time other brave Commanders fell round about him among whom the most remarkable were Artyaxes and Pharnaces the Brother of Darius and Mithrobarzanes the Commander of the Cappadocians so that many great Officers being kill'd and all the Troops of the Persians routed and broken by the Valour of the Macedonians the first that fell in upon Alexander were forc'd to take to their Heels And after them all the rest Ant. Ch. 332. In this Battel by the Confession of all the Valour of Alexander was cry'd up above all others and he reputed the chief Instrument of the Victory The Thessalian Horse manag'd their Troops with that Dexterity and fought with that brave Resolution that next to the King they were most highly applauded and gain'd exceeding Honour and Reputation After the Horse was routed and fled the Foot running one in upon another in confusion fought a while but amaz'd and dejected with the flight of their Horse they likewise turn'd their Backs and made away There were kill'd in the Persian Army above Ten thousand Foot and at least Two thousand Horse and above Twenty thousand taken Prisoners After the Battel the King buried those of his that were slain with great Solemnity by these Honours to encourage his Soldiers to fight the more readily When he had refresh'd his Army he march'd forward through Lydia and came to Sardis which with the Cittadel and all the Provision and Treasure therein were voluntarily surrender'd to him by * Or Mithrenes Mithrinnes the Governor In the mean time those Persians that had escap'd out of the Battel fled together with their General Memnon to Miletus before which the King afterwards came and assaulted it continually for several days together still relieving his Men from time to time with Miletus besieg'd fresh Supplies The Besieged at first easily defended themselves from the Walls in regard the City was full of Soldiers and plentifully furnish'd with Weapons and all other things necessary for the enduring of a Siege But as soon as the King began fiercely to Ant. Ch. 332. batter the Walls with his Engines and violently to push on the Siege both by Sea and Land and the Macedonians had forc'd their way through a Breach of the Walls putting their Enemies to flight in that part the Milesians forthwith prostrated themselves as suppliants at the King's Feet and gave up themselves and the City to his Mercy Some of the Miletus taken Barbarians were kill'd by the Macedonians others fled out of the City and the rest were all taken He dealt kindly and mercifully with the Milesians but for others he sold them all for Slaves And now having no further use for his Navy and being likewise chargeable to maintain he dismiss'd his Fleet except a few Ships which he detain'd for the Conveying of his Engines of Battery and other Instruments useful for the Besieging of Towns Among which were Twenty Vessels from Athens There are some who say that this Discharging of the Fleet was a prudent part of a General in Alexander For Darius being on his march and therefore very likely that a great Battel was to be fought he conceiv'd that the Macedonians would fight with more Resolution when they saw there was no possibility of flight And the very same Project he contriv'd at the Battel of Granicum where he so order'd the matter that the River should be at his Soldiers back to the end that none might have a Thought of flying since the River threatned certain destruction to them that attempted it In following times Agathocles King of Syracuse follow'd this Example of Alexander and so gain'd a glorious Victory For having transported a small Army into Africa he set all his Ships on fire to take away all hope from his Soldiers of escaping by flight by which means being forc'd of necessity to stand to it courageously he overcame many thousands of the Carthaginians drawn up against him After the taking of Miletus both Persians and Mercenaries with their chiefest Commanders came flocking to Halicarnassus This was then the greatest City in Caria in which Halicarnassius was a Palace of the Kings adorn'd with most curious Turrets and Cittadels About the same time Memnon sent away his Wife and Children to Darius as well for Ant. Ch. 332. their security as to induce the King having such considerable Hostages in his hands to intrust him with more confidence in the Management of the War Which happen'd accordingly for Darius presently sent Letters to all the Inhabitants of the Sea Coasts of Asia to be observant in every thing to all the Commands of Memnon Being made therefore General of the whole Army he provided all things necessary for the Defence of Halicarnassus against a Siege In the mean time the King sent away his Engines of Battery and Corn and Provision by Sea to Halicarnassus and he himself with his whole Army march'd into Caria and where ever he came he gain'd upon the Cities by his smooth Tongue and courteous Behaviour The Greek Cities especially tasted of his Grace and Favour for he gave all Liberty to govern according to their own Laws and order'd they should be free from Tribute declaring that he had undertaken a War against the Persians for the Rights and Liberties of the Grecians When he was upon his March he was met by a Noble Woman call'd Ada of the Lineage Ada meets Alexander of the King of Caria who upon discourse with him concerning the Right of her Ancestors intreated him to restore her to the Kingdom of her Grandfather which he gave up to her and bid her take it as her own by which bounty to the Woman he gain'd the Hearts of the Grecians and all the Cities sent their Ambassadors to him presenting him with Crowns of Gold promis'd and offer'd to serve him in all things to the utmost of their Power Alexander now Encamps near to the City and forthwith assaults the Town in a furious Ant. Ch. 332. Halicarnassus besieg'd and terrible Manner For at the very Beginning his Soldiers by turns storm'd the Walls without any intermission so that the Conflict continu'd whole days together Afterwards he brought up all sorts
Ground Halicarnassus taken Then he order'd part of his Army to march further up into the Country in order to force other Provinces to his Obedience these Forces valiantly brought under the Power of Alexander all the Nations as far as to the Borders of the Greater Phrygia and forc'd Ant. Ch. 332. them to find Provision for their Army Alexander himself subdu'd all the Sea Coast of Asia to Cilicia gaining many Cities by Surrender and taking several Forts and Castles by Storm amongst which there was one that was taken after a wonderful manner which by reason of the Rarity of the Thing is not to be pass'd over In the utmost Borders of Lycia the Marmarensians who inhabited upon a great Rock and well fortifi'd set upon the Rear of Alexander's Amy in their March thither and slew many of the Macedonians and carry'd away a great number of Prisoners and Carriage-Horses At which the King was so inrag'd that he resolv'd to besiege the Place and us'd his utmost Endeavour to gain it But the * Or Marmarians Marmarensians trusting to their own Valour and the Strength of the Place manfully endur'd the Siege for they were assaulted two Days together without any intermission and were assur'd that the King would not stir thence till he had taken the Rock The ancient Men therefore at the first advis'd the Younger to forbear standing it out with such Violence and to make Peace with the King upon as good Conditions as they could which when they deny'd and all resolv'd to part with their Lives and the Liberties of their Country together the graver Men then advis'd them to kill all the old Men Women and Children and that those that were strong and able to defend themselves should break through their Enemies Camp in the Night and flee to the next Mountains The young Men approv'd of the Councel and The strange Resolution of the Marmarians thereupon an Edict was made That every one should go to his own House and Eat and Drink plentifully with his Wife Children and Relations and then expect the Execution of the Decree But some of the young Men who were more considerate than the rest who were about Six hundred in the whole judg'd it more Advisable to forbear Ant. Ch. 332. killing their own Kindred and Relations with their own Hands but rather set the Houses on fire and then to sally out at the Gates and make to the Mountains for their Security This was presently taken to and the Thing put in execution and so every Man's House became his Sepulchre And the young Men themselves broke through the midst of their Enemies and fled to the Hills near at hand And these were the chief Things done this Year CHAP. III. Mytelen taken by Memnon Darius his General His Successes He dies Charidemus the Athenian unjustly put to Death by Darius Alexander falls sick recover'd by Philippus Alexander seizes Alexander of Lyncestas upon his Mother's Letters Alexander takes Issus The memorable Battel at Issus where the Mother Wife Two Daughters and Son of Darius were taken Alexander's noble Carriage towards them Darius's Letters and Offers to Alexander Darius prepares another Army BUT in the following Year wherein Nicocrates was chief Governor of Athens and Olymp. 3. 4. Ant. Ch. 331. An. M. 3617. Cesus Valerius and Lucius Papirius succeeded in the Consular Dignity at Rome Darius sent a great Sum of Money to Memnon and declar'd him General of all his Forces Hereupon he rais'd great Numbers of Men from all Parts and fitting out a Navy of Three hundred Sail set himself with all diligence to the prosecution of the War To that end he brought in Chius to join with him Then he sail'd to Lesbos and presently took Antissa Mythimnus Pyrrhus and Erissus But for * Mitylene besieg'd and taken by Memnon in the Island Lesbos Mitylene and †Lesbos a City in Lesbos Lesbos because it was much larger and strongly Garison'd and well provided he gain'd it not without many Assaults and the Loss of many of his Men though he took it at length with much ado The Fame of this Action being presently nois'd abroad many of the Cyclade Islands sent Ambassadors to him to make Leagues with him Then there was a Report spread abroad that Memnon with his whole Fleet was intending to invade Eabaea which put all the Cities into a great Consternation And some of the Graecians being come into the Confederacy of the Persians were hearten'd in hopes of a change of their Affairs for the better Besides Memnon had corrupted many of the Greeks with Money to sail in the same Bottom with the Persians But Fortune put a stop to the Progress of this Man's Success for he fell sick of a mortal Distemper and dv'd and by his Death the Memnon dies Affaris of Darius went backward For the * Of Persia King hop'd to have transferr'd the whole Weight of the War out of Asia into Europe But when he heard of the Death of Memnon he call'd his Friends together and ask'd their Advice Whether he should send a General with the Army or go himself in Person and try his Fortune with the Macedonians Some were of Opinion for the King to go himself for that they said the Persians would then with more chearfulness venture their Lives But Charidemus the Athenian who was in great Esteem for his Valour and Prudence as a General for under Philip he gain'd a great Reputation and was his chief and principal Adviser in all his weighty Affairs advis'd Darius not to lay the Kingdom rashly at stake but still to continue Lord of Asia and keep the Government in his own Hand and to appoint an Experienc'd General to manage the Concerns of the War And he told him that an Hundred thousand Men of which Number a Third Part to be Mercenaries out of Greece were sufficient for the Expedition and engag'd that he would see the Thing accomplish'd The King at the first agreed to what he said But his Friends peremptorily rejected this Advice suspecting that Charidemus sought for the chief Ant. Ch. 331. Command out of design to give up all into the Power of the Macedonians Hereupon Charidemus was in such a Rage as that he call'd them all Cowards With which Words the King was much more offended than before and whereas Anger never suffers a Man to consider wisely before hand Darius orders him to be bound in a Belt which is the manner of the Persians and delivers him to his Guard to be put to Death Who when he was leading to Execution cry'd out That the King would in a short time repent of what he had done in this Matter and would be punish'd for that unjust Judgment against him by the loss of his Kingdom Thus fell Charidemus from the top of all his Hopes and Expectations Charidemus unjustly put to Death by Darius through the unseasonable Liberty of his Tongue But the King as
Philip have suffer'd just Punishment He added further That his wonderful Successes and Prosperous Atchievements were Evidences of his Divine Birth For as he was never yet overcome by any so he should be ever Victorious for the time to come Alexander being greatly pleas'd with these Answers after he had bestow'd many rich Alexandria built Ant. Ch. 329. and stately Gifts upon the Oracle return'd back on his way for Egypt where he intended to build a great City In order whereunto when he came there he directed the Overseers of this Work to build it between the Marishes and the Sea and measur'd out the Ground himself and mark'd out the Streets and call'd it Alexandria after his own Name It had a very commodious Situation being near unto the Haven of * An Island near Aegypt now joyn'd to Alexandria by a Bridge thoâ— formerly a days sail as â—omer says Pharos He order'd and contriv'd the Streets with that Prudence as that the Etesean Winds should with their comfortable Gales refresh all parts of the City For these so cool the Air by their Breezes from the * The Medi erranean Great Sea as that the Inhabitants by so welcome and delightful Temperature of the Heat are very healthful He likewise drew a large and wonderful strong Wall round the City and inasmuch as it lay between a large Pond on the one side and the Sea on the other there were but two narrow Ways and Passes by Land to it so that it was easie to be defended by a small Guard The City was in form like unto a Soldier 's Coat one large and beautifully built Street running almost through the middle of the Town in length from Gate to Gate * Five Miles forty Furlongs in breadth an hundred Foot adorn'd with most stately Structures both of Temples and private Houses Alexander likewise built a large and stately Palace of most admirable Workmanship And not only Alexander but all the succeeding Kings of Egypt from time to time to our present Age have enlarg'd this Palace with most costly and sumptuous Buildings The City likewise it self has been enlarg'd in after-times so that by many it is reputed to be one of the Greatest and most Noble Cities in the World for Beauty rich Revenues and plentiful Provision of all things for the comfortable Support of Man's Life far excelling all others and far more populous than any other For when I was in Egypt I was inform'd Ant. Ch. 329. by them that kept the Rolls of the Inhabitants That there were above Three hundred thousand Freemen that inhabited there and that the King receiv'd above Six thousand Talents out of the yearly Revenues of Egypt But when the King had appointed some of his Friends to oversee and take care of the Building of Alexandria and had setled all the Affairs of Egypt he return'd with his Army into Syria As soon as Darius had intelligence of his coming he got all his Forces together and prepar'd all things necessary in order to fight him For he order'd the Swords and Lances Darius his Preparations to be made much longer thinking by that advantage Alexander gain'd the Victory in Cilicia He provided likewise two hundred hook'd Chariots drawn with four Horses a piece so contriv'd as to strike Terror into the Hearts of his Enemies For in every one of them on both sides the Horses which drew the Chariot by Iron Chains were fix'd in the Yoak-Darts of three Spans long with their Points full in the Faces of the Enemy Upon the lower Parts of the Axle-trees were two others fastned directly as those before pointing into the Enemies Faces but longer and broader and at the top of them were fix'd sharp Hooks Having compleatly furnish'd and set forth his Army with glittering Arms and stout Commanders he march'd from Babylon with Eight hundred thousand Foot and no less than Two hundred thousand Horse In his march Tygris was on his right and Euphrates on his left Hand where he past through a very rich Country abounding in Forage for his Horse and supplying sufficient Provision of all Things for his Soldiers Ant. Ch. 329. He made all the haste he could to reach Niniveh there to fight the Enemy because it was a large and Champain Country convenient for the drawing up of so great an Army When he came to a Village call'd Arbela he there encamp'd and every day drew up his Army in Battalia and train'd and exercis'd them for he was much afraid lest amongst so many Nations differing in Language one from another there should be nothing but Tumult and Confusion in the heat of the Fight He had indeed but lately before sent Ambassadors to Alexander to treat upon Terms of Peace and had offer'd to him all the Countries lying within the Liver Halys and Two thousand Talents of Silver and now sent others to him much commending him for his generous and honourable Usage of his Mother and the rest of the Captives and desir'd to make Peace with him and offer'd all the Lands lying within the River Euphrates with Three thousand Talents of Silver and one of his Daughters in Marriage And further promis'd That if he would be content to be his Son-in-Law he should be joint Partner with him in the Kingdom Alexander imparted all these Proposals offer'd to him by Darius to his Friends whom he call'd together for that purpose and wish'd them freely to deliver their Opinions in this matter When none durst speak their Minds in a Business of so high a Concernment Parmenio stood up and said If I were Alexander I would accept of the Terms offer'd and make Peace To whom Alexander reply'd And if I were Parmenio I would do the same And so uttering several other Words manifesting a Greatness and Nobleness of Mind he Ant. Ch. 329. rejected the Conditions offer'd by the Persians and preferring Honour before Profit or other Advantage he spoke to the Ambassadors in this manner As two Suns in the Heaven would disorder the Course of the Universe so two Kings Reigning together upon Earth would turn all into Tumult and Confusion Therefore he commanded them to tell Alexander's Answer to Darius's Ambas 〈…〉 s. Darius That if he affected the Superiority then to come and try it out with him for the whole Empire by the Sword but if he preferr'd Wealth and Ease before Honour that then he should submit to Alexander and so he might Reign over others as a King but yet receive his Kingdom at the hands of Alexander as a Fruit of his Bounty Having said this he presently after broke up the Assembly and march'd with his Army towards the Enemy's Camp In the mean time the Wife of Darius dy'd and Alexander bury'd her honourably according to her Quality When Darius receiv'd Alexander's Answer he was out of all hopes of putting an end to the War by Letters and Messages and therefore he train'd his Soldiers every day thereby making them
Army towards Hircania and the third day came near the City * From its 100 Gates Hecatompylon and there encamp'd Here he continu'd some Days to refresh his Army because the Country was exceeding Rich and abounded with every thing for Man's Use Thence he mov'd forward an Hundred and fifty Furlongs and encamp'd near a very high Rock at the foot of which is a Cave not unbecoming the Gods from whence as the Spring-head issues the great River Stiboetes Thence it runs with a fierce and violent Stream for the space of Three Furlongs 'till it dash it self upon a great Rock in shape like a Woman's Pap under which is a vast Gulph or opening of the Earth into which being now divided into two Channels it falls down with a mighty Noise turn'd all into Froth and Spume and there runs under-ground * About 43 Miles Three hundred Furlongs and then appears again as if that we e its Spring-head Having entred Hircania with his Army he gain'd all the Town and Cities as far as the Caspian Sea which some call likewise the Hircanian Sea It 's reported that in that Sea are many Serpents of Ant. Ch. 327. an extraordinary Bigness and Fish of all sorts much differing in Colour from those in our Parts When he entred further into Hircania he came to Towns call'd the Fortunate Towns The Fertility of Hircania which are so in Deed as well as in Name For this Country excels all the rest in fertility of Soil for every Vine they say affords a * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 about 49 Quarts Metrete of Wine And that some Fig-trees are so very fruitful that they 'll bear Ten †Every Medimna is about 18 Gallons Medimnas of dried Figs and that what are left upon the Tree after Harvest fall upon the Ground and spring up again of themselves and bring forth abundance of Fruit to perfection There 's a Tree in that Country much like to an Oak which distills Honey from its Leaves and this the Inhabitants gather in great plenty for their own use There 's likewise a little Insect in this Tract call'd an Anthredon less than a Bee but very remarkable it gets its living in the Mountains sucking the Flowers that grow here and there in those places It works its Combs within hollow Rocks or Trees shatter'd or made hollow by the Thunder-bolts and there makes a Liquor not inferiour to any for sweetness In the mean time Alexander while he was on his March through Hircania and the bordering Countries gain'd great Reputation and was highly honour'd for his Clemency in carrying himself with so much Humanity towards all those Commanders who fled away with Darius and afterwards submitted themselves to him So that Fifteen hundred brave and valiant Grecians who sided with Darius forthwith came unto him and laid themselves at his Feet whom he readily pardon'd and plac'd them in several of his Ant. Ch. 327. Regiments and allow'd them the same Pay with the rest Having run through the Sea-Coasts of Hircania he entred the Country of the Mardi who being a Warlike Nation slighted the growing Power of the King and shew'd him not the least Respect either by sending Ambassadors or otherwise but having possess'd themselves of the strait Passes of the Mountains with Eight thousand Men stood there waiting for the coming of the Macedonians Hereupon the King sets upon them kills many and drives the rest within the Straits But while he was burning up the Country all before him it fell out that some of the King's Boys who led his Horses being at some distance from the rest of the Army his best Horse by a sudden Incursion of the Alexander's Horse Barbarians was carry'd away This Horse was given him by Damarotus the Corinthian and the King had made use of him in all his Battels in Asia When he was bare-back'd he would admit only his Tender to mount him but when he had the King's War-Saddle and the rest of his brave Trappings upon him he would not suffer his former Rider to get upon his Back nor any other Person but Alexander and to him he would down upon his Knees for the King to get into the Saddle Because of these excellent Properties of the Horse the King was the more griev'd and troubled and therefore he order'd all the Trees in all parts of the Country as he went to be hewn down and caus'd a Proclamation to be made in their own natural Tongue That unless his Horse were restor'd he would waste and destroy all before him with Fire and Sword which he began presently to put in execution Upon which the Barbarians were so terrify'd that they Ant. Ch. 327. not only restor'd the Horse but brought along with them many rich Presents for the King and by Fifty Ambassadors begg'd his Pardon Upon which the King accepted some of the most Honourable among them for Hostages When he came back into Hircania Thalestris Queen of the Amazons met him whose Dominions lay between Phasis and Taermodon of an admirable Beauty and strong Body Thalestâ—is greatly honour'd in her own Country for here Brave and Manly Spirit She presented herself to the King with Three hundred Amazons in their Warlike Habit having left the rest of her Forces on the Borders of Hircania The King being struck with admiration at the sudden and unexpected approach of the Queen and the graceful appearance of the Women ask'd Thalestris what was the Reason of her Journey thither Who answer'd him That she came there to have Issue by him for she look'd upon him to transcend all other Men for Great and Noble Actions and she her self to exceed all other Women both in Body and Mind as to the Strength of the one and Courage of the other And therefore there was good ground to hope that the Issue of such Parents would excell all other Men in Valour The King was greatly pleas'd with what she said and gratisy'd her Request and after he had convers'd with her for the space of Thirteen Days he presented her with honourable Gifts and suffer'd her to return to her own Kingdom Alexander conceiving that he had now effected all that he design'd and that there was no Competitor with him for the Empire began to indulge the soft and effeminate Manners Alexander i 〈◊〉 the Persians of the Persians and to imitate the Luxury of the Asian Kings And therefore in the first place he order'd all the * The Lictors who carry'd Rods before the Magistrates Officers of the Court to be Asiaticks and the Nobility of Asia to be * ' Squires of the Body amongst whom Oxathres the Brother of Darius was one He put likewise the Persian Diadem upon his Head and wore the White Cassock and Belt after the manner of the Persian Kings and all the rest except the Persian Hose †〈◊〉 〈◊〉 such carry'd Lances Ant. Ch. 327. and Vestment call'd the Candys He bestow'd
Porus the Generals of his Army and the Chiefest of his Commanders There were taken above Nine thousand Prisoners and Fourscore Elephants As for Porus he was not yet quite dead and therefore Alexander recommended him to the Care of the Indians themselves for the dressing of his Wounds There fell of the Macedonians Two hundred and fourscore Horse and above Seven hundred Foot whom the King took care to be decently bury'd and rewarded those that surviv'd who had merited by their Valour He sacrific'd likewise to the Sun through whose Favour and Assistance he had conquer'd the East The neighbouring Mountains being cloth'd with great Numbers of Firr-Trees Cedars and the Pitch-Tree the Place affords plentiful Materials for the Building of Ships and therefore he built as many here as he had occasion for For he design'd when he came to the utmost Bounds of India after he had subdu'd those Nations that lay in his way to pass along through the River into the Ocean In the mean time he built Two Cities in those Parts one upon the further side of the * River Hydaspis River where he pass'd over the other where he overcame Porus and both were presently Ant. Ch. 325. perfected having many hands at work Porus being recover'd he restor'd him to the Possession of his Kingdom and being there was plenty of all sorts of Provision he suffer'd his Army to lie still and refresh themselves Porus restor'd for the space of thirty Days There are some things very remarkable and worth observing in the Mountains near where they encamp'd For besides the Materials for Shipping this Tract abounds with Serpents of a vast Bigness 16 Cubits in length and breeds a sort of Apes to be admir'd both for their number and greatness of their Bodies The nature of the Beast has instructed the Hunter how to take her for she 's apt to imitate every Action she sees but because of her Strength and natural Sagacity it 's very difficult to take her by force Therefore some of the Hunters anoint their Eyes with Honey and others put on Shoes in the sight of the Apes and some there are that clap upon their Heads * Glasses made hallow like Caps Looking-glasses Then they leave some Shoes behind them with Bands fixt to them and instead of Honey lay Birdlime and within the Glasses are Ropes to run on Nooses When they are gone the poor Beasts begin presently to imitate what they saw done and so are deluded for their Eye-lids are glew'd together their Feet are fast bound and their whole Bodies held by the Snares and so they become an easie Prey to the Hunter Afterwards Alexander forces Embisarus who had been so slow in assisting Porus and now in a Consternation to a Submission and then passes the River with his Forces and makes his way through a most fruitful Country For here are strange sorts of Trees Ant. Ch. 325. seventy Cubits high and of that thickness that four Men can scarcely fathom 'em and cast Trees a Shade 300 foot distance There are likewise in this Tract multitudes of Serpents of small Bodies but for their various Colour most remarkable For some lie like Rods yellow as Brass others have very rough and hairy Breasts and whoever is bitten by them falls down dead immediately If any be stung by them he 's most horridly tormented and a bloody Sweat issues out at all the Pores of his Body The Macedonians to secure themselves from these Mischiefs hung up their Beds on the Limbs of these Trees watching the greatest part of the Night But at length by some of the Inhabitants they were directed to a Root which was an Antidote against the Poison After the King had mov'd from thence he was inform'd that Porus a neighbouring Prince Nephew of Porus lately vanquish'd was fled out of his Kingdom and run to the Gangarides At which Alexander was not a little troubled and thereupon sent Hephestion with a considerable Body of Men into his Dominion and order'd him to reduce it into the nature of a Province and to deliver it into the hands of his Friend Porus. He himself march'd into the Country of the Andrastians and gain'd some of their Cities by assault Marches against the Andrastians Catheri and others by surrender Thence he came into the Country of the Catheri where by the Law the living Wives are burnt together with their dead Husbands and the Wickedness and Treachery of one Woman who poison'd her Husband was the occasion of this Law There the King burnt down to the Ground the greatest and strongest Town of all others in those Parts after he had with great difficulty and hazard taken it by assault The Inhabitants of another Ant. Ch. 〈◊〉 Town which he was ready to assault came forth and humbly submitted themselves to him upon which he spar'd them Thence he led his Army to the Cities belonging to Sophithes which were govern'd by most excellent Laws amongst the rest they strictly observe this To value their Beauty and The Custom of Sophithes his Cities and comely Proportion above all other Things and therefore they carefully examine every part of the Child when it is in the Cradle and such as are sound and perfect in every Limb and Member and likely to be strong and comely they nurse and bring up but such as are lame and deficient and of a weak Habit of Body they kill as not worth the rearing They have the same regard to their Marriages for without any respect to Portion or any other Advantages they only mind the Beauty of the Person and the Health and Strength of their Bodies Hence it is that those who live in those Cities are for the most part more Beautiful and Comely than others But Sophithes the King surpass'd all the rest of his Subjects for admirable Beauty and stately Proportion for he was above four Cubits high He came forth of his Royal City and gave up himself and Kingdom into the hands of Alexander and from the Bounty of the Victor forthwith receiv'd it back again and thereupon he nobly feasted Alexander and all his Army for several Days together And after many rich Presents made to him he presented him with an hundred and fifty Dogs of a wonderful Strength and Bigness and of other most remarkable Properties It was said Indian Dogs they were brought forth by Tygars who had coupled with Dogs Alexander minding by an Experiment to try their Strength and Courage caus'd an exceeding great Lion to be brought into the Circus and then loos'd at him two of the weakest of the Dogs which Ant. Ch. 325. proving too weak he let go other two The Lion being now surrounded by four and over-power'd Sophithes sent one with a Sword who began to cut off the right Thigh of one of the Dogs Upon which the King call'd out and thereupon the Squires of his Body ran to the Indian and held his Hand But Sophithes
wish'd 'em to let him alone and promis'd to give three for that one The Huntsman theresore laid hold again on the Dog's Thigh and cut it off by little and little and all that while the Dog neither howâ—'d nor made the least noise but held fast his Hold till he fell down dead upon the Lion In the mean time Hephestion * From his following Porus the Nephew of Porus. return'd with those Troops before sent along with him having subdu'd a great part of India where-ever he came and was hereupon honour'd by the King with all deserv'd Praises Next Alexander march'd into the Kingdom of Phigeus where all the Macedonians were welcom'd by the Inhabitants and Phigeus himself meeting him with Gifts and Presents Phigeus willing to receive from him his Kingdom as a Gift of his Bounty which Alexander accordingly restor'd to him And both he and his Army being entertain'd by Phigeus for two days he then mov'd forward to the River Hyphasis which is seven Furlongs over and six Hyphasis River Ant. Ch. 325. Fathoms deep of a very fierce Stream and difficult to pass He had learn'd from Phigeus that beyond Indus there was a vast Desart of twelve Days Journey and at the farthest Borders thereof ran the Ganges Two and twenty Furlongs broad and the deepest of all the Rivers in India And that beyond this River there dwelt the Tabresians the Gandarides Xandrames his Force King of the Gandarides whose King 's Name was Xandrames who had an Army of Twenty thousand Horse and Two hundred thousand Foot Two thousand Chariots and Foursand Elephants The King could not believe this to be true and therefore sent for Porus and enquir'd of him whether it were so or not He told him all was certainly true but that the present King of the Gandarides was but of a mean and obscure Extract accounted to be a Barber's Son For his Father being a very beautiful and handsome Man the Queen fell in love with him and then murther'd her Husband and so the Kingdom devolv'd upon the present King Alexander however though he perceiv'd that the Expedition against the Gandarides would be very difficult yet through a desire he still had to gain further Glory would not wave it but confiding in the Valour of the Macedonians and the Answers he had receiv'd from the Oracles hop'd to conquer all the Barbarians where-ever he went For he remembred that at Delphos he was call'd by the Oracle Invincible and that the Empire of the whole World was promis'd to him by Jupiter Hammon But discerning that his Soldiers were even tired out with continual Marches for they had now toil'd themselves with extream Hazards for Eight Years together he judg'd it necessary to make a Speech to his Army to perswade them to undertake with him this Expedition against the Gandarides For now he had lost many Soldiers and no hopes or prospect remain'd of ending the War Nay their very Horse-Hoofs were worn away by their continual Marches and many of their Arms wasted and become useless And besides all their Grecian Habits and Ant. Ch. 325. Clothes were worn out and they were forc'd to make use of the Barbarians Stuff and cut the Indian Plads in pieces to make themselves Clothes And it happen'd likewise about that time that there pour'd down from Heaven fearful Storms * The Rains call d the Messoones in India of Rain with terrible Thunder and Lightning which continu'd for seventy Days together All which though they happen'd cross to his Designs as he conceiv'd yet he judg'd there was one way still left for him to accomplish what he so much desir'd and that was by Bounty and Liberality to gain the Hearts of his Soldiers To that end he gave free liberty to the Soldiers to ravage and plunder all over the Enemies Country which was rich and abounding in all good Things While the Army was thus employ'd in spoiling and plundering he call'd together the Soldiers Wives and all their Children and among the Wives he order'd Corn to be distributed every Month and commanded so much Money to be paid to the Children as their Fathers Pay amounted unto When the Soldiers return'd to the Camp loaded with abundance of rich Prey he call'd them all together and there made a handsom study'd Speech to them to persuade them to march along with him against the Gandarides but being not able upon any Terms to prevail with the Macedonians he left off that Design And now determining there to put an end to all his Expeditions in the first The Macedonians refuse to march against the Gandarides place he erected Twelve Altars to the Twelve Gods every one fifty Cubits high Then he drew a Trench round his Camp thrice as large as the former and made it fifty Foot broad and forty deep and by the Earth out of the Trench cast up a strong Mud-wall on the inner side He commanded likewise every Foot-Soldier to provide two Beds in his Tent of five Cubits high and every Horse-man besides two Beds of the same quantity to make Mangers twice as big as any other and that every thing they left behind them should be enlarg'd to the same proportion And this he did partly to leave behind him Monuments of his Heroick Actions and partly to make the World believe that those with him were Men of mighty Stature and stronger than any other When this was done he march'd back with all the Army the same way he came to the River Acisines where he found some Ships in building which he order'd to be perfected and River Acisines built several others About that time came to him Supplies out of Greece both of Auxiliaries and Mercenaries to the number of about Thirty thousand Foot and almost Six thousand Horse There were likewise brought to him at the same time Arms for Five and twenty thousand Men most curiously wrought and an hundred Talents weight of all sorts of Medicines and Physical Preparations and all these he distributed amongst the Soldiers His Ships now with all their Tackle and Furniture were compleatly Rigg'd of which there were Ant. Ch. 325. Two hundred open Vessels and Eight hundred Transport-Ships for all manner of Service The two Cities he had built near the River the one he call'd Nicea from a Victory The Cities built at the River Ascisines Nicea Bucephalis there gain'd and the other Bucephalis from his Horse that was there kill'd in the Battel against Porus. Then he together with his Friends went aboard and sail'd down the River with an intent to fall down to the Southern Ocean but a great part of the Army march'd along the River's Bank under the Command of Craterus and Hephestion He came now to that Hydaspes and Acisines Rivers meet Ibori place where the River Hydaspes and Ascisines meet together Here he landed his Soldiers and march'd to the Borders of the Ibori these are said to be descended from
knock'd on the Head The Ringleaders of the Sedition in Cyrene being terrify'd with the return of the Exiles Ophellas routs Thimbro made Peace with Thimbro and resolv'd to join with him against Ophellas But Ophellas routed Thimbro and took him Prisoner and recover'd all the Towns and deliver'd the Cities with their Territories into the Hands of Ptolemy And thus the Cyrenians and the Cyrene possessed by Ptolemy neighbouring Cities lost their former Liberty and became subject to Ptolemy Perdiccas and King Philip having overcome Ariarathes and deliver'd the Province to Eumenes and so departed out of Cappadocia When they came into Pisidia they determin'd to raze those two Cities one of the Larandians the other of the Isaurians For in the Laranda s 〈…〉 by Perdiccas life time of Alexander they had killed Balacrus the Son of Nicanor who was appointed to be their General and Governor of the Province Laranda therefore they took upon the first Assault and put all that were able to bear Arms to the Sword and sold all the rest Ant. Ch. 321. for Slaves and laid the City equal with the Ground As for the City of the Isaurians it was large and well fortify'd and mann'd with resolute and stout Men and therefore P. 640. after they had assaulted it two Days together and had lost a great number of Men they were forc'd to draw off For the Inhabitants being plentifully furnish'd with Weapons and all other Things necessary for the enduring of a Siege were resolute to undergo all Hazards and readily sold their Lives for the Defence of their Liberty But upon the third Day having lost many of their Citizens insomuch as they were not able sufficiently to man their Walls for lack of Men they put in execution a most Heroical Piece of Resolution worthy for ever to be remembred For perceiving that they were destin'd to inevitable Destruction and had not Force sufficient for their Defence they judg'd it not advisable to deliver up the City and all that they had to the Will of the Enemy insomuch as their certain Ruin with the most barbarous Usage was obvious before their Eyes Therefore they all unanimously resolv'd to die honourably together to that end in the Night they shut up their Wives Children and Parents in their Houses and set them on The sad Destruction of the City of the Isaurians Justin l. 3. c. 6. says This was done by the Cappadocians And Orosus says the same lib. 3. c. the last fire making Choice by that means to perish and be bury'd together When the Flame mounted up into the Air the Isamians threw all their Wealth and every thing that was Valuable or that might be of any advantage to the Enemy into the Fire The Besiegers were stricken with Admiration at the Sight and ran here and there seeking where to break into the City but those that remain'd upon the Walls for their Defence threw many of the Macedonians down headlong from the Battlements At which Perdiccas much more admir'd and enquir'd what was the Reason that having set all their Houses and every thing besides on fire they were so diligent and careful to defend the Walls At length when Perdiccas with his Macedonians were drawn off from the City the rest of the Isaurians cast themselves headlong into the Fire and so every one's House became a common Sepulchre for himself and all his Relations Perdiccas the next day gave the Ransacking Ant. Ch. 321. of the City to the Soldiers who when the Fire was extinguish'd found much Silver and Gold in the Rubbish the City having been Rich and Prosperous a long time together After this Destruction Perdiccas marry'd two Wives Nicea the Daughter of Antipater to whom he was contracted and Cleopatra Alexander's half Sister the Daughter of Philip Perdiccas marries two Wives by Amyntas Perdiccas indeed had entred into League with Antipater before he was establish'd in his Government and upon that account the Marriage was consummate But after he had gain'd the King's Forces and was possess'd of the Superintendency and Administration of the Affairs of the Kingdom he chang'd his mind For affecting the Affects the Kingdom of Macedon Kingdom his Design was to marry Cleopatra concluding that for her sake and by her Authority the Sovereign Power would be yielded up to him by the Macedonians But because he had no mind as yet to discover his Intentions to comply with the present Circumstances of Affairs he marry'd Nicea lest Antipater should oppose him in his Projects Ant. Ch. 321. But Antigonus smelling out what he was contriving and being one that had a great kindness for Antipater and the most active Man of all the Commanders Perdiccas resolv'd to dispatch him and take him out of the way Loading him therefore with false Accusations and unjust Aspersions his Design appear'd plainly to take away his Life But Antigonus being a crafty Man and of a bold Spirit made as if he would defend himself against those Things that were laid to his Charge But in the mean time he secretly prepar'd for his flight and in the Night with Antigonus secretly opposes him his Servants and his Son Demetrius went aboard some Ships that belong'd to Athens and sail'd into Europe on purpose to confederate with Antipater About that time Antipater and Craterus were in the Field against the Aetolians with Thirty thousand Foot and Two thousand five hundred Horse For they only remain'd unconquer'd of those that were P. 641. engag'd in the Lamian War But the Aetolians though they were press'd upon by such mighty Forces yet were not at all discourag'd but having got together Ten thousand brave sprightly Men betook themselves to the difficult Passes in the Mountains where they had before dispos'd and lodg'd much of their Wealth and all their Wives Ant. Ch. 321. Children and Old People And though they had quitted the Cities that was not Tenable yet they plac'd strong Garisons in those that were fortisied and so undauntedly waited for the approach of the Enemy Antipater and Craterus therefore having entered Aetolia when they saw all the Cities that were weak and untenable forsaken of their Inhabitants made towards them that were posted in the Fastnesses of the Mountains At the first Assault they made upon those dreadful and unaccessable Precipices they lost Multitudes of their Men for the Valour of the Aetolians being supported and confirm'd by the Strength of the Places easily repuls'd the Enemy that ran themselves upon Difficulties that were insuperable But afterwards when Craterus his Soldiers in the Winter had secur'd themselves by Huts and warm Tents the Aetolians were forc'd to abide in the depth of Winter in Places cover'd over with Snow where they remain'd in great lack of Provision so that they were reduc'd to a most desperate Condition For they were The great strait of the Etolians brought to that strait that they must of necessity either leave the Mountains
and fight with an Army far superiour in number to themselves and with Commanders who were every-where famous for their Conduct or if they staid longer certainly to perish with Hunger and Cold. And now all hopes of Deliverance being despair'd of suddenly and unexpectedly appear'd a Release at hand from all their Miseries as if some God in a special manner had Ant. Ch. 321. had Compassion of such Brave and Noble Souls For Antigonus who fled out of Asia and was now come into the Camp inform'd them what Perdiccas was inhatching and contriving and that having marry'd Cleopatra he was ready as King to come over with his Army into Macedonia to wrest the Kingdom out of their hands At which strange and unexpected News Antipater and Craterus and all those with them were so affrighted that they call'd a Council of War where upon Consultation it was resolv'd that Matters should be ended and compounded with the Aetolians as well as they could and that Peace made with the Etollans Forces should be forthwith transported into Asia and that Craterus should be General in Asia and Antipater have the Chief Command in Europe that Ambassadors should likewise be dispatch'd to Ptolemy who was Perdiccas's Enemy and their Friend and design'd to be cut off as well as they to move him to join with them as a Confederate Hereupon they forthwith struck up a Peace with the Aetolians intending notwithstanding in due time afterwards to root them up and all their Families and to send them into some remote and desart Corner of the World far from Asia The Pacification according to the Terms before agreed upon being put into writing and sign'd they prepar'd themselves for the Expedition Perdiccas on the other side calling together his Friends and General Officers consulted Perdicas marches against Ptolemy with them whether he should transport his Army into Macedonia or march first against Ptolemy All agreeing that Ptolemy was first to be conquer'd lest he should obstruct his Expedition into Macedonia he sent away Eumenes before with a considerable Army to secure the Passes at the Hellespont to prevent all passage that way And he himself march'd out of Pisiclia with all his Forces towards Egypt And these were the things done this Year CHAP. III. The Description of Alexander's Funeral Chariot Ptolemy honour'd in Egypt Perdiccas prepares for Egypt against Ptolemy Eumenes beats Neoptolemus who deserted The Battel between Eumenes and Craterus who was kill'd with Neoptolemus Combate between Neoptolemus and Eumenes Perdiccas comes into Egypt Assaults the Fort call'd the Camel's Wall His miserable Loss in the River Nile is kill'd Ptolemy makes Arrideus and Pytho Protectors of the Kings Eumenes condemn'd to die The Etolians invade Thessaly Polyspherchon routs the Etolians The Provinces again divided by Arrideus Antigonus routs Eumenes who flies to Nora Antigonus besieges Nora Eumenes his Invention to exercise the Horse Ptolemy gains Syria and Phoenicia by Nicanor WHen Philocles was Chief Magistrate at Athens and Caius Sulpitius and Quintus Aulius were created Roman Consuls Arrideus to whom was committed the Care Olymp. 114. 3. Ant. Ch. 320. of conveying away Alexander's Body to his Sepulchre having now the Chariot ready upon which he was to be carry'd prepar'd himself for the Journey But forasmuch as the whole Business and Concern was manag'd as became the Majesty of Alexander and upon The Description of Alexander's Funeral Chariot that account did not only exceed all others in respect of Expence State and Pomp for the Charges amounted to many Talents but also in respect of Curiosity of Workmanship we conceive it fit to recommend something to Posterity in writing concerning it And first was provided a Coffin of beaten Gold so wrought by the Hammer as to answer to the Proportion of the Body it was half fill'd with Aromatick Spices which serv'd as well to delight the Sense as to preserve the Body from Putrefaction Over the Coffin was a Cover of Gold so exactly fitted as to answer the higher part every way Over this was thrown P. 642. Ant. Ch. 320. a curious * Or Crimsen Soldiers Coat Ant. Ch. 320. Purple Coat embroider'd with Gold near to which were plac'd the Arms of the Deceas'd that the whole might represent the Acts of his Life Then was provided the Chariot in which the Body was to be convey'd upon the top of which was rais'd a Triumphant Arch of Gold †〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 As thick as 〈◊〉 Scales set thick and studded over with precious Stones eight Cubits in breadth and twelve in length Under this Roof was plac'd a Throne of Gold join'd to the whole Work foursquare on which were carv'd the Heads of * Tragelaphi Goat-Harts bred near the River Phasis in Colchis Plin lib. 8. c. 33 Goat-Harts and to these were fastned Golden Rings of two Hands breadth in the diameter at which hung for Show and Pomp little Coronets of various beautiful Colours which like so many Flowers gave a pleasant Prospect to the Eye Upon the top of the Arch was a Fringe of Network where hung large Bells to the end the Sound of them might be heard at a great distance On both sides the Arch at the Corners stood an Image of Victory in Gold bearing a Trophy A * Like a Plazza Peristthylium of Gold supported the Archwork the Chapiters of whose Pillars were of Ionian Workmanship Within the Peristthylium by a Network of Gold of a finger's thickness in the Workmanship hung four * Writing-Tables whether of Brass Stone or Wood. Ant. Ch. 320. Tables one by another equal to the Dimensions of the Wall whereupon were portray'd all sorts of living Creatures The first Table represented a Chariot curiously wrought wherein Alexander sate with a Royal Scepter in his Hand About the King stood his Life-Guard compleat in their Arms the Macedonians on one side and the Persians that bore Battle-Axes on the other and before them stood the Armor-Bearers In the second Elephants adorn'd in their Warlike Habiliaments follow'd them of the Guard on which sate Indians before and Macedonians behind arm'd according to the Customs of their several Countries In the third might be seen Squadrons of Horse drawn up in Battalia In the fourth appeared a Fleet order'd in a Line of Battel At the entrance into the Arch stood Lions in Gold with their Faces towards them that approach'd to enter From the middle of every Pillar an * A Tree so call'd Achanthus in Gold sprouted up in Branches spiring in slender Threads to the very Chapiters Over the Arch about the middle of the Roof on the outside was spread †Or Crimson Carpet Purple Carpet in the open Air on which was plac'd a vast Golden Crown in form of an * Olive Coronets us'd to be worn by Conquerors Olive Coronet which by the reflection of the Sun-Beams darted such an amazing Splendor and Brightness that at a distance it appear'd as a
Letters likewise to Olympias Alexander's Mother who was then in Epirus for fear of Cassander to intreat her to return with all speed into Polysperchon invites Olympias into Macedonia Writes to Eumenes to join with the Kings Macedonia and take care and charge of Alexander's little Son till he was of age and capable to take upon him the sole Management of Affairs He writ moreover to Eumenes that he would stick to the Interest of the Kings and not League by any means with Antigonus but make his choice either to come over into Macedonia in order to join with him in the Protectorship of the Kings or abide in Asia and to receive both Men and Money from them to make War upon Antigonus who had now openly declar'd himself a Rebel against the Kings who would be sure to restore him the Province which Antigonus had forc'd from him and likewise all other Privileges and Advantages which he ever at any time before enjoy'd in Asia And besides he alledged that it became Eumenes above all other Men to protect the Royal Family as consonant to all those Demonstrations of his Loyalty in his late appearances on the behalf of the Kings and if he stood in need of Forces he himself together with the Kings would come over into Asia with the whole Army These were the Transactions of this Year CHAP. V. Polysperchon courts Eumenes to assist the Kings Eumenes his Prudence amongst the Macedonian Captains Ptolemy sends to the Captains and others not to assist Eumenes Antigonus contrives to kill Eumenes who marches into Phoenicia Nicanor deceives the Athenians and still keeps Munychia and subtilly gets the Pyreum Order'd by Olympias to deliver the Pyreum and Munychia to the Athenians but he shifts it off Alexander Son of Polysperchon enters Attica secretly corresponds with Nicanor and displeases the Athenians Phocion ' s hard Usage at his Trial in Athens is condemn'd and executed Cassander arrives at the Pyreum Polysperchon comes against him but returns Besieges Megalopolis but is there much damnify'd his Elephants spoil'd by a Stratagem A Sea-Fight between Clitus and Nicanor Nicanor beaten Clitus afterwards routed by Nicanor is kill'd in his Flight to Macedonia Antigonus goes after Eumenes Eumenes near losing his Army by the Breach of a Dyke in Babylonia The Greek Cities revolt to Cassander The Athenians make Peace with him He kills Nicanor ARchippus being chief Magistrate of Athens and Quintus Aelius and Lucius Papirius Olymp. 115. 1. Ant. Ch. 318. Roman Consuls the Letters from Polysperchon were deliver'd to Eumenes presently after his Release out of the Fort in which were contain'd besides what was before declar'd That the Kings had bestow'd of their Bounty upon him Five hundred Talents to repair his Losses he had lately sustain'd and had sent Letters to the Governors and Treasurers of Cilicia to pay to him the said Five hundred Talents and what other Monies he Polysperchon sends to Eumenes to join with the Kings should have occasion for either for raising of Soldiers or any other necessary Uses And that they had order'd a Thousand Macedonian * Soldiers so call'd from their Silver Shields Argyraspides with their Officers to be observant to him and readily and chearfully to serve him upon all Occasions as he that was appointed General with full and absolute Power and Authority over all Asia There came likewise Letters to him from Olympias by which she earnestly intreated him to be Assistant both to her and the Kings for that he only remain'd the most Faithful of all the Friends they had who was able to relieve the desolate State and Condition of the King's Family She likewise desir'd him to advise her Whether it was better for her to remain still in Epirus and not trust him who claim'd the Guardianship of the Kings but in truth sought the Kingdom or to return Hereupon Eumenes forthwith writ to her back again That he conceiv'd it most Advisable for her at the present to continue in Epirus till the War was ended That he himself was resolv'd to be ever Faithful and Constant in his Love and Duty towards the Kings and not in the least to adhere to Antigonus who was aspiring to gain the Kingdom And because Alexander ' s Son by reason of the Tenderness of his Age and the Covetousness of the Captains stood in need of Help he look'd upon it as his Duty to expose himself to the utmost Hazards for the Preservation of the Kings Hereupon he forthwith Ant. Ch 318. commanded all his Soldiers to decamp and so march'd out of Cappadocia having with him about Five hundred Horse and above Two Thousand Foot For he had no Time to P. 659. wait upon the slow March of them who had promis'd to join with him because a great Army of Antigonus under the Command of * Leander Menander was near at hand and it was now no staying for him in Cappadocia being a declar'd Enemy of Antigonus But though this Army came three Days too late and so lost their Opportunity yet they resolv'd to pursue the Troops with Eumenes but not being able to reach him they return'd into Cappadocia For Eumenes making long Marches presently recover'd Mount Taurus and so got into Cilicia Here Antigenes and Tautamus the Captains of the * Argyraspides Silver Shields or Silver Targateers Argyraspides with their Friends in Obedience to the Kings Letters met Eumenes after a long and tedious March and joyfully Congratulated him for his unexpected Deliverance out of his great Troubles promising to be ready on all Occasions at his Command There met him likewise about Three thousand Argyraspides out of Macedonia with great Demonstrations of Love and Affection This sudden and almost incredible Change was the Subject of every Body's Admiration when they consider'd how the Kings and Macedonians a little before had condemn'd Eumenes and all his Fellows to Die and now having forgot that Sentence denounc'd against him not only pardon'd him but promoted him to the highest Place of Command in the whole Kingdom And it was not without just Cause that they who consider'd the wonderful Changes that attended Eumenes should be Ant. Ch. 318. taus affected For who that does but observe the different Accidents in the course of Man's Life would not be amaz'd at the various Turns and Changes of Fortune to and fro first on one side then on another Or who trusting in the present Supports of a prosperous Fortune would upon that account be so far transported as to forget the Infirmity of Human Nature For every Man's Life as dispes'd and order'd by the Providence of some one of the Gods has been chequer'd as it were with the reciprocal Turns of Good and Evil in all Ages of the World So that it is a Wonder that not only what is strange and unaccountable but that even every thing that falls out should be surprizing and unexpected Therefore who can sufficiently value History For
by the variety and change of Affairs there represented a Check is given to the Pride of the Fortunate and allays the Grief and Misery of the Unprosperous Which Things Eumenes then wisely considering and weighing beforehand the Instability of Fortune he manag'd his Affairs with the more Caution and Prudence For thinking with himself that he was but a * Of Cardia in the Chersonese of Thrace Eumenes his prudent Deportment Ant. Ch. 318. Stranger and had no Right to Kingly Power and Authority and that the Macedonians who were now under his Command not long before judg'd him to Die and that the Commanders and Captains were all inflam'd with the Heat of ambitious Designs he conceiv'd that in a short time he should be despis'd and envy'd and at length be brought into danger of his Life For none are willing to submit to the Commands of those that they look upon to be their Inferiors nor be Lorded over by them who ought rather to be under the Commands of others themselves Seriously therefore pondering these Things with himself in the first place he refus'd to accept of his Five hundred Talents order'd him by the King's Letters for the Repair of his former Losses and Refitting of himself with Necessaries For he said He needed not so large a Sum seeing he pretended to no Principality there and that which he now enjoy'd was not of his own Choice but was forc'd by the Kings to undertake the present Service To conclude he said That by reason of the continual Fatigues of War he was so worn out that he was not able to endure those Hardships and runnings from Place to Place any longer especially being that a Stranger had no Right to Command and by Law was excluded from the Authority due to be executed by such as were of the same Nation with the Macedonians For he said There was represented to him a wonderful Apparition in his Dream which he judg'd very necessary to discover to them all for that it might as he conceiv'd conduce much to the promoting of Peace and Concord and the Publick Good He declar'd That in his Sleep Alexander the late King seem'd to appear to P. 660. him as he was when living adorn'd in his Royal Robes and sitting on his Throne giving out Orders to his Captains and as in his Health disposing and managing all the Affairs and Concerns of the Kingdom Therefore says he I am of Opinion That a Throne of Gold should be made at the Charge of the King's Treasury in which should be plac'd the Diadem Scepter and Crown and all the other Ensigns of Royalty and that at spring of Day all his Captains should offer to him Sacrifices and standing together Ant. Ch. 318. near the Throne should receive Commands in the King's Name as if he were alive at the Helm of the Government All were very well pleas'd with what he said and thereupon every thing was presently prepared for the purpose for the King's Treasury was very rich and that stately Work was forthwith finish'd and the Throne was set up whereon were plac'd the Diadem Scepter and the Arms he us'd to wear Then was plac'd an Altar with Fire upon it upon which all the Captains one after another cast Frankincense taken out of a Golden Casket and other costly sweet Odours and ador'd Alexander as a God After this were order'd a great number of Seats upon which the Captains and great Commanders sate together and there consulted and debated all the weighty and important Affairs Eumenes in the mean time carrying himself with an equal Respect and Deference in all publick Meetings towards all the Captains and suppling them with fair and courteous Language not only avoided the Strokes of Envy but thereby gain'd all their Hearts By the same Artifice through the Prevalency of Superstition relating to the King he so elevated the Hopes and Expectations of the whole Army as if some God were to be their General In like manner he behav'd himself towards the Argyraspides and thereby so gain'd their Favour that they counted him highly worthy to be the Protector of the Kings Then he pick'd out the fittest Persons from among his Friends and furnish'd them Ant. Ch. 318. with great Sums of Money and employ'd them to hire Soldiers up and down upon large Pay Whereupon some of them forthwith went into Pisidia and Lycia and the bordering Countries and diligently put in execution what they were commanded Others went into Cilicia and some into Coelo-Syria and Phoenicia and others sail'd to the Cities in Cyprus This Listing of Soldiers being nois'd abroad and reported what large Pay was offer'd many came flocking in from the Cities of Greece and enroll'd their Names for this Service so that in a short time they had rais'd above Ten thousand Foot and Two thousand Horse besides the Argyraspides and those who came along with him The Forces of Eumenes being thus on a sudden increas'd to an incredible Number Ptolemy sends to the Captains not to assist Eumenes Ptolemy arriv'd with the Fleet at Zaphyrium in Cilicia and sent away some Commanders to sollicit the Argyraspides not to side with Eumenes whom all the Macedonians had condemn'd to die He sent likewise to the Governors of the Garison in * Where the King's Exchequer for Asia was kept Strabo l. 14. 72. Quindi desiring them not to help Eumenes with any Money and he would bear them out But no Man regarded what he said because the Kings and their Protector Polysperchon and Olympias the Mother of Alexander had written to them to be obedient in all things to Eumenes as to the Commander in Chief and General of the Kingdom But of all others Antigonus was most displeas'd and uneasie at the Growth and Advancement of Eumenes for he look'd upon him as the most powerful Enemy he had set up Antigonus contrives to kill Eumenes against him by Polysperchon because he had deserted the Kings Therefore he resolv'd by some Stratagem to cut him off to which end he employ'd one of his Friends Philotas and deliver'd to him Letters to the Argyraspides and the rest of the Macedonians that P. 661. sided with Eumenes and sent along with him Thirty Macedonians who were crafty and fair-spoken Men with Orders to deal with Antigenes and Tautamus the Captains of the Argyraspides privately and apart by themselves to destroy Eumenes promising them great Rewards and larger Provinces and that they should likewise apply themselves to their Fellow-Citizens and Acquaintance amongst the Argyraspides and by Bribes draw them to cut off Eumenes But they were not able to prevail with any except Tautamus one of the Captains of the Argyraspides who being corrupted by Bribes promis'd not only for himself but undertook to draw over his Collegue Antigenes to this foul Design But Antigenes being a prudent and faithful Man not only refus'd but prevail'd with him that was before corrupted to alter his Purpose For he
not to desert them but to take upon him the intire and absolute Management of all Affairs At first he seem'd to be very shy but Agathocles gains the Sovereign Command being afterwards more earnestly prest by the Multitude he told them he was willing to accept of the chief Command as General provided he should not be join'd with any other Collegue for he should never be content to be accountable as the Law then was for the Miscarriages and Irregularities of those that should be join'd with him in Commission Hereupon the People having agreed that the whole Power should be in him alone they voted him General with full and absolute Authority so that for the future he plainly acted the Part of a Monarch and manag'd the Affairs of the whole City The Syracusians as yet * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Without Hernts Tame and Quiet some curb'd by Fear and others kept down by Force durst not discover as a thing vain and to no purpose the Heart-burnings that were among them But many of the Poorer sort and those that were in Debt were much pleas'd with Ant. Ch. 315. this Revolution For Agathocles had promis'd in the Senate that all former Debts should be * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Caus'd to be cut off remitted and made Void and that Lands should be allotted and shar'd out to the Poor After he had finish'd these things he order'd that none for the future should be kill'd or otherwise abus'd But on the contrary changing his former course he carry'd himself with a great deal of mildness towards the People encouraging many with Rewards and not a few with large Promises and courting all with smooth words he no little winded himself into the favour and good Opinion of the People And though he was advanc'd to so high a pitch of Honour yet he put not on a Diadem nor suffer'd the Attendance of a Life-Guard nor admitted any difficulty of access to his Person which is the common practice almost of all Tyrants But he made it his business chiefly to look after the Publick Revenue and the making and providing all sorts of Weapons and Arms He built likewise other long Ships to encrease and strengthen his Fleet And lastly brought many of the Cities and Towns in the Heart of the Country to stoop to his Authority And thus then stood the Affairs of Sicily In Italy this was the Ninth year of the War of the Romans with the Samnites before The Affairs of Italy which time there had been very sharp Battels and Engagements between them but then except some Incursions into the Enemies Country there was little or nothing done worth taking notice of only some Forts were taken and the Country harrass'd But in Apulia * The Romans Ant. Ch. 315. they wasted and spoil'd all ** Now Capitania in the Kingdom of Naples Daunia and having conquer'd the †Canutii in France now callâ—d Chartres Canutii receiv'd of them Hostages There were added likewise two other Tribes to the former the one of Falernia and the other of Ufentina While these things were acting the Crotonians made Peace with the Brutians but the War being continuâ—d another year with the Exiles who were expell'd by the People for their conspiring with Heraclides and Sosistratus of which we have given a particular Account in the * No such Account appears there P. 676. former Book they created Parones and Menedemus their Generals In the mean time the Exiles went to Thurium and there listed Three hundred Mercenaries and endeavour'd in the Night to have broke into the City But being repuls'd by the Crotonians they Encamp'd in the Confines of the Brutians but within a short time after they were every Man cut off by a much stronger Party who sallied out of the City against them And now having given an account how things went in Sicily and Italy we shall pass to the things done in other Parts of Europe Eurydice being Queen-Regent in Macedonia as soon as she heard that Olympias was preparing for her return sent an Express to Cassander then in Peloponnesus wishing him to Affairs in Macedonia hasten to her Aid and Assistance and in the mean time by her Bribes and Promises she brought over the most active and stirring Men among the Macedonians to favour her in her designs But Polysperchon got an Army together and being join'd with Aeacides of Epirus he brought back Olympias with * His Name was Alexander the Son of Roxana Ant. Ch. 315. Olympias returns into Macedonia Alexander's Son into the Kingdom And hearing that Eurydice was at Evia in Macedonia with an Army aiming to make an end of all by one Battel he makes swiftly after and presently as soon as the Armies Encamp'd one over against the other on a sudden the Macedonians in reverence to Olympias and calling to mind the many Advantages and Kindnesses they had receiv'd at the hands of Alexander turn'd about whereupon King * Aridaeus call'd Philip. Philip with all his Servants were presently taken †Euridice the Wife of Philip. Eurydice likewise together with Polycles one of her Counsellors were afterwards taken being before return'd to Amphipolis Olympias having thus gain'd the custody of both the Kings and likewise the Kingdom without Blood us'd not her good Fortune with that Humanity as she ought to have done But at the very first imprisoning both Eurydice and Philip her Husband she us'd them very cruelly For she coop'd them both up in a very straight and narrow Place where through a little narrow Hole every thing for their necessary use was deliver'd in to them And for many days together she thus against all Law and Conscience exercis'd her Rage and Revenge upon these miserable Princes But when she perceiv'd that the Macedonians spoke ill of her out of Pity and Commiseration She cruelly Murders Euridice and Arrideus her Husband Ant. Ch. 315. towards those that were thus miserably dealt with she deliver'd Philip to certain Thracians after he had reign'd Six Years and Four Months to be stabb'd with Ponyards But Eurydice she order'd to be more severely dealt with because she was to free of her Tongue that she was still blabbing it out that she was fitter to rule the Kingdom than Olympias And therefore she sent to her a Sword a Rope and a Cup of Poison bidding her chuse which she would to dispatch her self with neither valuing the former State and Dignity of the Injur'd Lady nor commiserating the common lot of Mankind And therefore she came at length to experience the same turns of Fortune her self and came to an end every way worthy her Cruelty For Eurydice in the presence of the Person that brought her the Instruments of her Death pray'd the Gods that she might have the like Present sent to her and then having bound up the Wounds of her Husband as well as the shortness of time would permit she wrapp'd him up and so
fight Cassander She her self taking Ant. Ch. 314. along with her the Son of Alexander and Roxana his Mother and Thessalonica the Daughter of Philip the Son of Amyntas Deidamia the Daughter of Eacides King of Epirus and Sister of Pyrrhus who afterwards made War upon the Romans and the Daughters of Attalus and other Kindred and eminent Relations enter'd into Pydna so that a great Olympias goes to Pydna and is there besieg'd throng of People Useless and Unserviceable for War attended upon her Neither was there Provision in that Place sufficient for such a Multitude to hold out any long Siege All which disadvantages though they were clear Evidences of the greatness of the Danger yet she was resolv'd to stay here expecting many Greeks and Macedonians to come in to her assistance by Sea There were with her some Horse from Ambracia and many of the Troops of the Houshould and the rest of Polysperchon's Elephants The other had been before taken by Cassander at his former irruption into Macedonia who now having recover'd the Passes at Perrhebea so as that he had his way open to Pydna begirt the Town round with a Mud-wall from Sea to Sea and sent for Shipping and all sorts of Weapons and Engines of Battery from his Confederates with a design to block up Olympius both by Sea and Ant. Ch. 314. Land But when he had Intelligence that Eacides King of Epirus was coming with a strong Army to the Relief of Olympias he deliver'd some Forces to the Command of Atarchias with Orders to meet the Epirots who presently executing what he was commanded possess'd himself of the Passes into Epirus so that Eacides was wholly deseated in his Design For the Epirots were forc'd against their Wills to the Expediâ—ion into Macedonia and therefore mutiny'd in the Camp However Eacides desirous by any way possible to Râ—heve Olympias cashier'd all those that favour'd not his Design taking in those who were willing to run the same risk with himself he was indeed very forward to Engage but had not yet force enough for the Party that stuck to him was very small In the mean time the Epirots that were sent away into their own Country revolted from the King and his People by a common Decree of the State Banish'd him the The Epirots forsake their King and join with Cassander Kingdom and Consederated with Cassander like to which never before hapned in Epirus from the time that Neoptolimus the Son of Achilles reign'd there For the Kingdom ever descended from the Father by Right of Succession to the Son till this time When Cassander was thus supported by the Confederacy of the Epirots and had sent Lyciseus both as General and * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Governor Ant. Ch. 314. Viceroy into Epirus they in Macedonta who before were at a stand whether they should Confederate with Olympias or not now seeing no hopes remaining for the retrieving her Affairs join'd with Cassander So that now the only Prop remaining to rely upon for Relief was Polysperchon and this was presently in a strange manner shatter'd and broken in Pieces for when Callas who was sent as Geneneral Olympias her Affairs brought very low by Cassander sate down with his Army near to Polysperchon in Perrebia he so corrupted most of his Soldiers with large Bribes that very few remain'd especially of those that were look'd upon to be most Faithful And thus low were the Affairs of Olympias P. 691. sunk in a very short time As for the Affairs of Asia at this time Antigonus then Wint'ring in Gadamalis otherwise Gaderlis looking upon his Army too weak for the Enemy contriv'd how to fall upon them unawares and to Out wit them Eumenes his Soldiers were so scatter'd and dispers'd in their Winter-quarters that some of them were six days march distant one from another But Antigonus judg'd it not adviseable to march through the Countries Antigonus his design to have surpriz'd Eumenes that were Inhabited both in regard the Journey would be very long and tedious and likewise presently known to the Enemy but conceiv'd it much more for his advantage to lead his Army through the dry and barren Desarts though it were far more troublesome for that it was much the shorter Cut and by that means his march would be secret Ant. Ch. 314. and so he might fall upon the Enemy suddenly and unexpectedly as they lay dispers'd and scatter'd in their Quarters never dreaming of any such thing Upon these Considerations he commanded his Soldiers to be ready for a March and to prepare for themselves Ten Days Victuals * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 neither Rosting nor Bâ—â—ling such as need not the Fire He himself gave it out that he would march through Armenia But on a sudden contrary to the Expectation of his whole Army * The Winter Tropâ—ck in the Depth of Winter he march'd towards the Desarts In their march he order'd Fires to be made in the Day but to be put out in the Night left that any seeing them far off from the Mountains might discover his approach to the Enemy For the Desart was almost all wholly Plain and Champaign surrounded with many high Hills from whence it was easie a long way off to discover the Fires But when the Army had spent Five days in this tedious Journey the Soldiers for very Cold as for other necessary Uses fell to making of Fires by Night as well as by Day which some of the Inhabitants of the Wilderness espying they presently the very same day sent away Messengers upon Dromedaries to give Intelligence thereof to Eumenes and Peucestes This Beast will commonly run * 〈◊〉 Fifteen hundred Furlongs a Day â—00 M 〈…〉 〈◊〉 Peucestes being inform'd that the Enemy's Army was seen half way of their march began to think of running away * To the utmost â—ounds of their Winter Quarters as far as he could being afraid the Enemy would be upon him before he could get the Forces together from every Quarter where they then lay dispers'd Eumenes perceiving the Fright he was in bid him be of good Heart and continue upon the Edge of the Wilderness for he had found out a way that Antigonus should not come into those Parts in three or four days And having done that they Ant. Ch. 314. should be able within that time easily to get all their Forces together and so the Enemy being tir'd out and starv'd for want of Provision would all fall into their hands All wonder'd at this strange Undertaking and every one was earnest to learn what it was that should give a stop to the Enemy Eumenes hereupon commanded all the Captains Eumenes his stratagem to stop Antigonus in his march and Soldiers that were then at hand to follow him with a great number of Urns full of Fire and then chose out some of the Highest Ground in the Country which look'd every way towards the
City Bedys in Bisaltia and there besieg'd him took him and disarm'd him and then upon mutual Pledges of Faith given and taken discharg'd him Being encourag'd upon this account and knowing nothing but that Eumenes was still living and concluding he should be sure of Aid and Relief from Alexander and Polysperchon he refus'd to surrender Amphipolis But as soon as he receiv'd Letters from Olympias whereby she commanded him upon the Faith of his former Engagement to restore the City he observ'd her Commands and Amphipolis surender'd to Cassander deliver'd it up upon assurance of his own Preservation But Cassander perceiving that he was a Man of great Interest by reason of the Honours conferr'd upon him by Alexander and minding to take all such out of the way as might be in a Capacity to make any Disturbance by the help of Crateuas his Kindred he put him also to Death Then he incited the Relations of such as were put to Death by Olympias to prosecute her in the General Assembly of the Macedonians who thereupon very readily comply'd with what they were put on to do and though she her self was not then present nor had any Person there to plead her Cause yet the Macedonians condemn'd her to Die Cassander thereupon sent some of his Friends to Olympias and advis'd her to get out of the way and promis'd to procure for her a Ship and cause her to be convey'd safe to Athens And this he did not as any ways minding her Preservation but as one conscious of her own Guilt by her flight it might be judg'd a just Vengeance upon her if she perish'd and was cut off as she was in her Voyage For he was afraid as well of the Fickleness of the Macedonians as of the Dignity of her Person But Olympias refus'd to fly but said She was ready to defend her Cause before all the Macedonians Cassander therefore fearing lest the People calling to mind the worthy Acts and Kindnesses of Philip and Alexander towards the whole Nation should change their Minds and so take upon them to defend the Queen sent to her a Band of Two hundred Soldiers Ant. Ch. 314. well Arm'd and Accouter'd with Orders to dispatch her forthwith who rushing on a Cassander kills Olympias sudden into the Palace as soon as they saw her in Reverence to her Person drew back without executing what they were commanded But the Kindred of those she P. 699. had put to Death both to ingratiate themselves with Cassander and likewise to gratify their own Revenge for the Death of their Relations cut her Throat she not in the least crying out in any Womanish Terror or Fear to spare her In this manner died Olympias the greatest and most honourable Woman in the Age wherein she liv'd Daughter of Neoptolimus King of Epirus Sister of * Sister of Alexander that is Pyrrhus Alexander who made the Expedition into Italy Wife of Philip the greatest and most victorious Prince of all that ever were before in Europe and lastly the Mother of Alexander who never was exceeded by any for the many great and wonderful Things that were done by him Cassander now seeing all Things go on according to his Heart's Desire in his Hopes and Expectations was already possess'd of the Kingdom of Macedon He therefore now marries Thessalonices Daughter of Philip and Sister of Alexander by the same Father ambitious Marries Thessalonices to be related in Affinity and esteem'd as one of the Royal Family He built likewise Cassandria calling it after his own Name in †Builds Cassandria Pallene and Peopled it by Inhabitants Ant. Ch. 314. drawn out of the Cities of the * The Chersonesus of Pallene in Thrace Chersonesus and out of Potidea and many other neighbouring Cities and plac'd there likewise those Olynthians that were left of whom there were still a considerable Number To this City he laid a large and rich Territory and made it his earnest Care to advance the Glory and Splendour of this Place so that it grew up in a short time to that degree of Power as to excell all the Cities of Macedonia Cassander likewise minding to cut off all the Posterity of Alexander that there might be none of his Line left to succeed in the Kingdom purpos'd to kill the Son of Alexander and Roxana his Mother But for the present being willing first to observe what People's Discourses were concerning the cutting off of Olympias and having as yet no certain Account how Things went with Antigonus he committed Roxana and her Son close Prisoners to the Castle at Amphipolis under the Charge of Glaucias then by him made Imprisons Roxana and her Son Alexander Ant. Ch. 314. Governor and one of his Friends in whom he plac'd great Confidence He likewise took away from the young King those Children that were bred up with him as his Companions and order'd that he should be no longer attended as a King nor regarded otherwise than as a private Person And now Ruling the Kingdom in all Things as King he Royally and Sumptuously Interr'd at Aegis Eurydice and Philip the late King and Queen and Cinna whom Alcetas had put to Death gracing the Dead with the Solemnity of Funeral Sports and Plays Then he rais'd Soldiers out of Macedonia for the Expedition resolv'd upon into Peloponnesus While he was employ'd in these Affairs Polysperchon who was then besieg'd in Naxius in Perrebea when he heard of the Death of Olympias in despair of retrieving of his Affairs in Macedonia with a few in his Company broke out of the City and pass'd through Thessaly together with Aeacides and came into Aetolia where he judg'd he might safely abide and observe how Things went for that there was a good Understanding between him and this Nation But Cassander having now rais'd a considerable Army marches out of Macedonia with an Cassander's Expedition into Peloponnesus against Alexander the Son of Polysperchon Ant. Ch. 314. intent to drive Alexander the Son of Polysperchon out of Peloponnesus For he with his Army was the only Enemy left and had possess'd himself of many convenient Posts and Towns there Through Thessaly he march'd without any opposition but found the Pass at Pylas guarded by the Etolians whom having with much difficulty beaten off he came into Boeotia where getting all the Thebans together that were remaining from all Parts he set upon repeopling of Thebes conceiving now he had a fair opportunity put into his hands for the rebuilding of that City famous both for its renowned Actions and the ancient Stories concerning it And by so good a Work he concluded he should reap the Fruit of an Immortal Fame and Glory This City had felt very many Changes and Turns of Fortune and those to the utmost The History of Thebes Extremity being sometimes in danger of being raz'd to the Ground Of which to say something briefly will not be any foreign Digression After Deucolion's Flood
Noses of them which not a little troubled the Minds of his new Associates and those that join'd with him in the carrying on of the Work For it was very apparent that the Enemy now being Master at Sea would be sure to waste and spoil those who out of kindness to Antigonus had join'd with their Adversaries But Antigonus bid them be of good chear for before the end of Summer he said he would be at Sea with a Fleet of Five hundred Sail. Agesilaus in the mean while return'd with his Embassy out of Cyprus and brought word that Nicocreon and the most potent Kings of that Island had already confederated Ant. Ch. 313. with Ptolemy Nevertheless that Citticus Lapitbius Marius and Cyrenites would join with him Whereupon he left Three thousand Men under the Command of Andronicus to maintain the Siege against Tyre and he himself march'd with the rest of the Army against Antigonus be sieges Tyre Gaza and Joppe which stood out against him and took them by force and such of Ptolemy's Men as he found there he took and distributed them among his own Regiments and plac'd Garisons in both those Cities to keep them in Obedience Which done he return'd to his standing Camp about Tyre and prepar'd all necessaries for a Siege against it At the same time Aristo who was intrusted by Eumenes to carry Craterus his Bones delivered them to Phila to be buried who was marry'd first to Craterus and at that time to Demetrius the Son of Antigonus who was a Woman of excellent Parts and Prudence for by her prudent Behaviour and Carriage towards every Soldier in the Army she was able The Praise of Phila the Wife of Demetrius to qualify and moderate those that were most Turbulent and she put forth the Daughters and Sisters of those that were Poor at her own Charge and prevented the Ruine of many that were falsly accus'd It s reported that Antipater her Father who was the most prudent Prince that Govern'd in this Age was us'd to consult with Phila his Daughter in the most weighty Affairs while she was but yet a Girl But the Prudence of this Woman will more fully appear in the following Narration and when things tended Ant. Ch. 313. to a Revolution and the fatal Period of Demetrius his Kingdom And thus stood the Affairs of Antigonus and Phila at this time Amongst the Captains sent away by Antigonus Aristodemus pass'd over to Laconia and having got leave of the Spartans to raise Soldiers got together Eight thousand out of Peloponnesus Aristodemus raises Forces for Antigonus in Peloponnesus and upon Conference with Polysperchon and Alexander join'd them both in a firm League of Amity with Antigonus and made Polysperchon General over the Forces in Peloponnesus but prevail'd with Alexander to pass over into Asia to Antigonus Ptolomeus another of his Captains going into Cappadocia with an Army and there Ptolomey a Captain of Antigonus raises the Siege of Amisus in Cappadocia finding the City of Amisus besieg'd by Asclepidorus a Captain of Cassander's rais'd the Siege and secur'd the Place and so having sent away Asclepidorus packing upon certain Conditions recover'd that whole Province to Antigonus and marching thence through Bithynia came upon the back of Zibytes King of the Bithynians whilst he was busie in besieging of two Cities at once that of the Assarenians and the other of the Calcedonians and forc'd him to raise his Siege from both and then falling to Capitulations both with him and the Cities that were besieg'd after Hostages receiv'd remov'd thence Ant. Ch. 313. towards Ionia and Lydia for that Antigonus had written to him to secure that Coast with Two other Cities raised by him in Bithynia P. 704. all possible speed having intelligence that Seleucus was going into those Parts with his Fleet whither indeed he came and besieg'd Erythras But hearing of the Enemies approach left it and went away as he came Mean while Alexander the Son of Polysperchon came to Antigonus who made a League with him and then calling a general Antigonus his Policy Council of the Army and the Strangers there resident declar'd unto them how Cassander had murder'd Olympias and how villainously he had dealt with Roxana and the young King and that he had forc'd Thessalonices to marry him and that it was very clear and evident that he aspir'd to the Kingdom of Macedonia Moreover that he had planted the Olynthians the most bitter Enemies of the Macedonians in the City call'd after his own Name That he had rebuilt Thebes that was raz'd by the Macedonians Having thus incens'd the Army he made and wrote an Edict That Cassander should be taken as an open Enemy unless he raz'd the two Cities releas'd the King and Roxana his Mother and return'd them safe to the Macedonians And lastly Unless he submitted to Antigonus as General and sole Protector of the Kingdom and free all the Greek Cities and withdraw all the Garisons out of them When the Army had approv'd of this Edict by their Suffrages he sent Courriers away to publish it in all places For he hop'd that by this Means all the Grecians in expectation of having their Liberties restor'd would be his Consederates and readily assist him in the War and that all the Governors of the Higher Provinces who before suspected him as if he design'd to deprive the Posterity of Alexander of the Kingdom now that Ant. Ch. 313. it clearly appear'd that he took up Arms in their behalf would observe all his Commands of their own accord Having dispatch'd all these Matters he sent back Alexander with Five hundred Talents into Peloponnesus with his hopes rais'd in expectation of mighty Matters And he himself with Shipping had from Rhodes and others he had lately built set sail for Tyre where being now Master at Sea he so block'd it up for thirteen Months together that no supply of Victuals could be brought thither and thereby reduc'd the Inhabitants into so Tyre deliver'd to Antigonus great distress that at length upon suffering the Soldiers to march away with some small things that were their own the City was surrender'd to him upon Terms and he plac'd a Garison in it for its Defence In the mean time Ptolemy hearing what a Declaration Antigonus with the Macedonians had made concerning the Liberty of the Grecians made the like himself as desirous that Prolemy proclaims Liberty to the Grecians all the World should take notice that he was no less zealous for the Liberty of Greece than Antigonus was For both of them well considering of how great moment it was to their Affairs to gain the good Will of the Grecians strove one with another which should oblige them most by Acts of Grace Then he join'd to his Party the Governor of Caria who was a Man of great Power and had many great Cities under his Command And thô he had before sent Three thousand Soldiers to
to set the Cities at liberty The Acts of Antigonus and Cassander Polemon's Acts in Greece for Antigonus Ptolemy goes against Cyrene and Cyprus Then against Demetrius The Battle with Demetrius at Gaza Ptolemy takes Tyre The Acts of Antigonus his Commanders in Greece The Epirots make Alcetas King who is beaten by Lyciscus Cassander's General and he 's beaten again by the other Cassander goes against the Apolloniats Seleucus recovers Babylon with a small Army Demetrius Routs Cilles Ptolemy's General Ptolemy returns to Egypt first wasts Samaria Gaza Joppa c. Athaneus sent against the Nabatheans by Antigonus The Customs of the Arabians Atharieus kill'd with most of his Men Demetrius sent against them Description of the Asphaltes or Lake of Sodom Demetrius sent against Seleucus in Babylon The Wars between the Romans and Samnites in Italy The Acts of Agathocles in Sicily THE Affairs of this Year being brought to this Conclusion Theophrastus became Olymp. 116. 4. Ant. Ch. 311. An. M. 3659. chief Magistrate of Athens and Marcus Petilius and Caius Sulpitius were invested with the Consular dignity at Rome Then the * Callantinians Callentinians the Inhabitants residing in the parts on the left hand of Pontus cast out the Garrison put upon them by Lysimachus and recover'd their liberty In the same manner the Istrians freed their City and Confederated with the neighbouring inhabitants to joyn together in a War against their Prince The Thracians and Scythians likewise joyn'd with their Neighbours so that all Several Cities revolt from Lysimachus the Forces together were of that strength that they were able to cope with the most potent Army Lysimachus hearing what was done march'd with his Army against the Rebels and Lysimachus comes to reduce them passing through Thrace when he had got over Mount Emus Incampt near Odessus which upon blocking it up the Inhabitants in a great Consternation deliver'd up to him Reducing likewise the Istrians in the same manner he marcht thence against the Callantians about which time the Thracians and Scythians came in with a great Army to the assistance of their Confederates Upon which Lysimachus advancing forwards fac'd them and forthwith lifting up his Ensigns for Battle the Thracians were so terrifi'd that they marcht off and went their way But the Scythians he Ingag'd and Routed them killing a great number and driving the rest out of the Country Then he laid close Siege to the City of the * Or Callentians Callentinians setting all his wit at work and making it his main and only business how he might be reveng'd on the Authors of the defection While he was busying himself in this concern News was brought him that Antigonus had sent two Armies to the assistance of the Callentinians one by Land and another by Sea and that Lyco the Admiral was with the Navy in Pontus and that Pausanias was Incampt with a great Land Army at Hieron At this News Lysimachus was much concern'd and thereupon leaving a considerable Body to maintain the Siege he speedily march'd away Ant. Ch. 311. with the main strength of the Army designing to ingage the Enemy and being ready to pass over Emus he found Seuthes King of Thrace who had revolted to Antigonus obstructing his passage with a great Body of Men upon which they ingag'd and he forc'd his way through the Barbarians with the loss of a great number of his own men but many more of the Enemies Then he fell upon the Pausanians finding them in the Streights whither they had fled P. 713 These he gain'd by force and having kill'd Pausanias he discharg'd some of the Soldiers upon Ransom and others that took up Arms with him he distributed amongst his own Troops And thus stood the affairs of Lysimachus But when this Enterprise succeeded not Antigonus sent Telesphorus into Peloponnesus with a Fleet of Fifty Sail and a considerable number of Soldiers with Orders to free all the Cities that they might live according to their own ancient Laws This he did hoping by this means to gain credit amongst the Grecians as one that really intended the procurement and preservation of their Liberties and by this method he concluded he should find out how things stood with Cassander Telosphorus therefore as soon as he arriv'd in Peloponnesus went to Alexander's Garrisons and set them all free except Sicyon and Corinth For in these Polysperchon had plac'd great numbers of Souldiers trusting to them and the strength of the places In the mean time Philip being sent by Cassander as General to make War upon the Etolians as soon as he came with his Army into Acarnania the first thing he did was to harrass and spoil Etolia but not long after hearing that Eacides King of Epirus who was now Restor'd to his Kingdom had rais'd a strong Army he made against him with Ant Ch. 311. Philip Cassanders General Routs the Epirots and Etolians all speed For he endeavor'd all he could to Fight him before the Etolians had joyn'd him And finding the Epirots ready prepar'd to fight he forthwith engag'd and kill'd multitudes of them and took many Prisoners amongst whom it happn'd that there were about Fifty of the Faction that were the instruments to restore Eacides whom he sent away bound to Cassander Afterwards the broken Troops of Eacides Rallying again joyn'd with the Etolians and Philip set upon e'm and Routed e'm a second time with the slaughter of many amongst whom was Eacides himself Having effected such great matters in so short a time the Etolians were so terrifi'd that they forsook their unfortifi'd Cities and fled with their Wives and Children unto the fastnesses of the Mountains where it was very difficult to come at them And this conclusion had the affairs of Greece at that time As for Asia Cassander though he was chief Governour there yet overpress'd with the weight of the War he agreed with Antigonus upon these terms that he should deliver all the Soldiers into the hands of Antigonus and should grant Liberty to all the Greek Cities Cassander's Agreement with Antigonus Ant. Ch. 311. there to Govern according to their own Laws and that he should keep the Province he formerly possess'd as by grant from him and should be ever after Antigonus his firm friend And for the true performance of these Conditions he deliver'd to him his Brother Agathonas as Hostage but within a while after he repented of what he had done and got his Brother out of their clutches that had him in custody and sent an Ambassador to Ptolemy and Seleucus to desire them to send him Aid with all speed At which Antigonus was highly incens'd and sent away Forces both by Sea and Land with Orders to free all the Cities and Created Medius Admiral of the Fleet and Docimus General of the Forces at Land These Commanders coming to Miletum dealt with the Inhabitants to stand for their Liberties and took the Cittadel with the Garrison therein and
Alzote Azotus having from the Place of Battel rid above †Two hundred and seventy Furlongs P. 718. Ant. Ch. 310. Thirty Mile Thence he sent a Trumpet to beg the Bodies of the Dead being very earnest to perform the last Office of right due to them that were slain Many of his Nobility were there slain amongst whom the most eminent was Pitho join'd in equal Commission with himself and Beotus who had long liv'd with Antigonus the Father and was ever privy to all his Designs and partaker of all his Councils There were slain in this Battel on Demetrius his side above * This Five hundred should be Five thousand as Plutarch Five hundred of whom the greatest part was Horse and the Chief of his Nobility and Eight thousand and upward were taken Prisoners Ptolemy and Seleucus not only granted him the dead Bodies but sent him back his own Pavillion with all the Furniture belonging to it and all such Prisoners as were of his Houshold free and without Ransom withal letting him know that they fought not with Antigonus for these things but because he had not restor'd those Provinces to the Governors that were conquer'd by their joint Arms in the War first against Perdictas and then against Eumenes and for that after he had renew'd his League of Friendship with Seleucus he had most Unjustly and against all Right depriv'd him of the Province of Babylon Other Prisoners Ptolemy sent into Egypt with Orders to distribute them amongst the several Regiments in his Fleet. After Ptolemy had with great Pomp and Solemnity bury'd those that were slain in the Battel he march'd with his Army against the Cities of Phenicia besieging some and persuading others to yield Demetrius in the mean time being no longer able to hold out dispatch'd away a Messenger with Letters to his Father to pray him to come away speedily to his help and he himself coming to Tripoli in Phenicia sent for the Soldiers that were in Cilicia and elsewhere in Garisons remote and far distant from the Enemy's Quarters to come to him But Ptolemy keeping with his Army still in the open Field march'd Ant. Ch. 310. into the Coasts of Sidon and Encamping near Tyre sent to Andronicus Governor of the Garison there to render up the City to him making him large Promises both of Wealth and Honour But he not only answer'd That he would never betray the Trust which Antigonus and Demetrius had put in him but also us'd many reviling Speeches against Ptolemy but a little while after he was surpriz'd by a Mutiny of his own Soldiers and fell into his Hands and thereupon expected nothing but Death for his refusal to deliver up Ptolemy takes Tyre the City and for his reviling Language But Ptolemy not only forgot the Injury but highly rewarded him and took him into the number of his Friends and honourably preferr'd him For this Prince was of a most affable and gentle Disposition and very Kind and Generous which much contributed to the Increase of his Power and the Advancement of his Honour and Reputation and induc'd many upon that account to join with him as his Allies and Confederates For he honourably receiv'd Seleucus when he was cast out of Babylon and made him and the rest of his Friends partners with him in that Plenty and state of Prosperity that he himself enjoy'd And therefore when Seleucus desir'd some Forces from him to go along with him to Babylon he very readily granted them and withal promis'd he would assist him in every thing to his Power till he had recover'd his former Government In this Condition stood the Affairs of Asia at that time In Europe Telesphorus Antigonus his Admiral who then lay with the Fleet at Corinth seeing how Ptolemy was preferr'd before him and that all the Concerns of Greece were intrusted in his hands accus'd Antigonus upon this Account and deliver'd up to him those Ships he had with him Then picking out so many of his Soldiers as were willing to join Ant. Ch. 310. with him in his designs he began to play his own Pranks For pretending to be at one with Antigonus he enter'd Elis and fortify'd the Citadel and enslav'd the City He robb'd likewise the Temple at Olympus and took thence above Fifty Talents of Silver wherewith he rais'd and hir'd Foreign Soldiers And thus Telesphorus out of Envy to the P. 719. Advancement of Ptolemy became a Traytor to Antigonus But Ptolemy Antigonus his General in Greece as soon as he heard of the Defection of Telesphorus and that he had seiz'd upon the City of the Elians and robb'd the Temple at Olympus march'd with an Army into Peloponnesus And coming to Elis raz'd the Citadel to the Ground restor'd the Elians to their Liberty and the Money to the Temple Afterwards he so far wrought upon Telesphorus that he regain'd Cyllene wherein Telesphorus had put a Garison and restor'd it to the Elians In the mean time while these things were in acting the Epirots Eacides their King The Epirots make Alcetas King being dead deliver'd up the Kingdom to Alcetas who had been before him banish'd by his Father Arybilus This Alcetas was an inveterate Enemy to Cassander and therefore Lyciscus Cassander's General in Acarnania march'd with an Army into Epirus hoping he should easily depose him the Affairs of the Kingdom being then scarce well settled Lyciscus to this end Encamping at Cassopia Alcetas sent his Sons Alexander and Teucrus Ant. Ch. 310. to all the Cities to raise as many Soldiers as possibly they could and he himself march'd forward with what Forces he had and when he came near the Enemy made an Halt waiting for the coming up of his Sons But Lyciscus who far exceeded him in number pressing upon him the Epirots in a great Terror and Amazement ran over to the Enemy Whereupon Alcetas being thus forsaken fled to Eurymenas a City in Epirus while he was closely besieg'd in this Place in comes Alexander with an Aid to the Relief of his Father upon which follow'd a sharp Engagement in which many of Lyciscus his Men were cut off amongst whom besides other Persons of great account were Micythus a great Captain and Lysander the Athethenian Cassander's Lord-Lieutenant of Leucadia Afterwards Dinias coming in to the Assistance of those thus worsted there hapned a second Engagement in which Alexander and Teucer being routed they together with their Father fled to a strong Castle thereabout for shelter Lyciscus presently took Eurymenas plunder'd it and raz'd it to the Ground Ant. Ch. 310. Cassander at this time hearing of the Defeat of his Forces but having no intelligence of the Success which follow'd hasted away into Epirus to succour Lyciscus But when he came to understand how well things had succeeded on his side he made Peace and enter'd into a League of Friendship with Alcetas Then with part of his Army he march'd into * A City and Country upon
Cities revolt from Agathocles WHen Simonides was Lord-Chancellor of Athens and the Romans had created Marcus Olymp. 117. 2. Ant. Ch. 309. Cassander c. mak s Peace with Antigonus P. 728. Valerius and Publius Decius Consuls Cassander Ptolemy and Lysimachus made Peace with Antigonus the Form of which was put into Writing and contain'd the Terms following That Cassander should be the Sovereign Lord of all in Europe till Alexander the Son of Rhoxana came of full Age That Lysimachus should have the chief Command in Thrace Ptolemy should enjoy the Sovereign Power in Egypt and the bordering Cities in Arabia and Africa That Antigonus should be Lord of all Asia And the Greeks should Govern according to their own Laws But these Conditions they observ'd not long but every one took one Occasion or other to incroach upon more than his Part came to Cassander seeing that Alexander the Son of Rhoxana now grew up towards Man's Estate and hearing how it was the Discourse of some throughout all Macedonia That it was now Rhoxana and her Son murder'd fit the young Man should be freed from his Prison and assume the Government of his Father's Kingdom into his own hands out of fear of being supplanted commanded Glaucias the Keeper to murder both Rhoxana and the King and to hide their Bodies when he had done and by all means possible conceal their Deaths This he effectually executed and so by this means Cassander Lysimachus Ptolemy and Antigonus himself were freed from all Grounds of Fear upon the account of the King For now all the Seed Royal being extinct and no Successor remaining every one of the Captains that had possess'd themselves of Provinces or Cities took upon themselves the Titles and The Captains take the Title of Kings Stiles of Kings and every one claim'd the Province of which he was Governor as a Conquer'd Kingdom And thus stood the Affairs in Asia Europe Greece and Macedonia In Italy the Romans march'd with a great Body of Horse and Foot against Pollitium a City of the Marucci where they remov'd part of the Citizens and made them a new Colony giving them Interamna as it 's call'd to inhabit Ant. Ch. 309. Carthaginians raise Forces against Agathocles In Sicily the Power of Agathocles increas'd every day his Forces growing stronger and stronger Whereupon the Carthaginians being inform'd that he had gain'd almost all the Towns and Cities through the Island and that their Captains and Commanders there were not able to deal with him they resolv'd to pursue the War with more Vigour To this end they forthwith provided a Fleet of a Hundred and thirty Sail of Men of War and made Amilcar a Person of eminent Quality General and deliver'd to him Two thousand Soldiers rais'd out of the City amongst whom many were Men of Note Out of Afric◠Ten thousand from Tyrrhenia a Thousand Mercenaries and Two hundred Charioteers and a Thousand Slingers from the Baleary Islands They provided likewise a great Treasure all sorts of Weapons store of Corn and all other Things necessary for carrying on the War as they had occasion to use And now when the whole Fleet had hois'd up Sail and were come into the open Sea on a sudden a violent Storm arose which sunk Sixty of the Gallies and broke in pieces Two hundred of the Ships loaden with Corn and Provision The rest of the Fleet after much Hardship at Sea with much ado got into Sicily Many of the most eminent Men of Carthage were lost at this time which occasion'd a publick Lamentation in that City For when any Misfortune happens to that Place greater than ordinary their Custom is to cover the Walls Ant. Ch. 309. with black Cassocks or Cloaks Amilcar the General after he was landed muster'd those that were sav'd from the Storm and to supply those that were lost listed Foreign Mercenaries and rais'd others from among the Confederates throughout all Sicily whom he join'd with the rest of the Forces that were there before and carefully providing every thing that was necessary for the War he kept the Army in the Field having under his Command about Forty thousand Foot and near Five thousand Horse Having therefore in a short time recruited himself and being accounted a Man of great Reputation for Honesty and Integrity he both reviv'd the Courage of the Confederates and in no small measure struck a Terror into the Hearts of his Enemies On the other side Agathocles perceiving that he was far overpower'd by the Carthaginians in Number of their Forces concluded that many of the Forts and Castles and those Cities and Towns that bore him a Grudge would revolt to the Enemy especially P. 729. he fear'd the City of the Geloans because he heard all the Enemies Forces were encamp'd in their Territories And besides no small Detriment befel him at this time in his Fleet for about Twenty Sail then at Sea together with their Men all fell into the Hands of the Carthaginians However he conceiv'd it fit to put a Garison into the Place for its Security but durst not bring any Forces openly into the City lest the Geloans should prevent him who had not then at any time before any Occasion offered them to rebel And so by that means he might come to * A 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cast away lose a Town that had been very useful and serviceable to him Therefore to prevent Suspicion he sent into the City Soldiers by degrees a few at a time as if they had come there for other Purposes till he had got so many into the Town as far exceeded the Citizens in Number And then a while after he came thither himself and charg'd the Geloans with a traiterous design to revolt However whether this were true or not or that they were falsly accus'd by the Exiles or that his Design was to scrape and get together what Money he could he put to Death above Four Four thousand Geloans murder'd by Agathocles thousand of the Geloans and confiscated all their Estates and threaten'd all the rest with Death that did not bring forth all their Money whether Silver or Gold coin'd or uncoin'd Whereupon all out of fear of this thundring Edict forthwith obey'd his Command whereby he heap'd together a vast Treasure and became a Terror to all his Subjects And though he was judg'd to deal too severely and cruelly with the Geloans yet he order'd them to be decently buri'd without the Walls and then leaving the City with a strong Garison encamp'd with his Army over-against the Enemy The Carthaginians possess'd the Hill Ecnomen where formerly stood the Castle of Phaleris as is reported where they say the Tyrant had the Brazen Bull contriv'd to torment Offenders by putting Fire under it thereby causing it to grow scorching hot by degrees And therefore by reason of this horrid Cruelty executed upon poor miserable Creatures the Hill was call'd * The wicked Place Ecnomen
according to what he might justly expect revolted and join'd with Cassander He had left one Phaenix one of his Confederates President of the Province adjoining to the Hellespont and sent over some Soldiers to him wishing him to take care of the Castles and Cities there and for the future not regard any Orders that came from Antigonus It was generally agreed by Alexander's Captains as part of their Articles among themselves that the Greek Cities should be all restor'd to their ancient Liberties Therefore Ptolemy King of Egypt charging Antigonus that he had put Garisons into several Greek Towns and Cities prepar'd to make War upon him And sent Leonides a Captain of his own into Cilicia Aspera and there possess'd himself of certain Cities and Places belonging to Antigonus and moreover sent his Agent to some Cities appertaining to Cassander and Lysimachus that they would follow his Advice and not suffer Antigonus to grow too fast in Power And as for Antigonus he sent his younger Son Philip to make War upon Phaenix and Ant. Ch. 308. others who had revolted from him in Hellespont but his Son Demetrius he sent into Cilicia who putting in Execution what he had in Command routed the Captains of Ptolemy that were there and recover'd the Cities While these things were doing Polysperchon then residing in Peloponnesus still affecting Polysperchon seeks to restore Hercules the Government of Macedon cry'd out against Cassander and sent for Hercules a Son of * The Great Alexander begotten upon Barfine out of Pergamus now of the Age of Seventeen years and sent up and down to those who were his own Friends and Enemies to Cassander to help to set this young Man unto his Father's Kingdom He sollicited likewise by his Letters the Aetolians to assist him in his present Design promising that they should find more Grace and Favour at his hands than at any time before if they would help him to restore the young Lad to his Father's Throne All things going on according to his Heart's desire and the Aetolians complying with his request many others came flocking in to restore the New King so that there were got together above Twenty thousand Foot and no less than a Thousand Horse And P. 743. thus setting himself with all his might to the Work he rais'd what Money he could and sent some to sollicit his Friends in Macedonia to assist him In the mean time Ptolemy of Aegypt having all Cyprus under his Command and finding The miserable Destruction of Nicocles and his Family in Cyprus Ant. Ch. 308. that Nicocles the King of Paphos held Correspondence under-hand with Antigonus sent two Confidents of his own Argaus and Callicrates with Instructions to make away Nicocles for he was much afraid lest some others also should fall off as he had perceiv'd many others had done before Wherefore passing into Cyprus and taking with them a certain Number of Soldiers from Menelaus who commanded the Army there they beset the House of Nicocles and then telling him what the King's Pleasure was advis'd him to dispose of himself for another World He at first went to clear himself of what was laid to his Charge but when he saw that no Man hearkned to what he said drew his Sword and slew himself Axiothea his Wife hearing of her Husband's Death took her Daughters who were all Young and Virgins and cut their Throats that they might not fall into any of the Enemy's hands and was earnest with the Wives of Nicocles his Brothers to accompany her in her own Death whereas Ptolemy had given no order concerning any of them save only to preserve them The King's Palace therefore thus fill'd with the sudden and unexpected Slaughters and dreadful Spectacles so affected the Brothers of Nicocles that they shut every Man his own Door upon him and set fire on their Houses and slew themselves so the whole Race of the Kings of Paphos came to a Tragick and Lamentable End Having given an Account of those Affairs we before promis'd we shall now proceed to those that follow next in order About this time in * In the Cimmerian Bosphorus near Pontus Euxinus or in Taurica Chersonesus Pontus after the Death of Parysadas King of the Cimmerian Bosphorus his Sons Eumelus Satyrus and Prytanis contended one with another for the Kingdom Satyrus the Eldest was appointed Successor by his Father who reign'd Eight and Thirty Years Eumelus compacting with some of the Natives adjoining rais'd an Army and laid claim to the Kingdom against his Elder Brother of which Satyrus being inform'd went against him with a great Army and passing the River Thapsus when he came near his Camp with his Carts and Wagons wherein he had brought an infinite quantity of Provision Ant. Ch. 308. and ranging afterwards his Army in the Field after the manner of the Scythian Kings he led the main Battel himself He had not in his Army above * A Thousand in the Margent Two thousand Greeks and as many Thracians all the rest were Scythians which came to assist him to the number of Twenty thousand and no less than Ten thousand Horse Eumelus was assisted by Ariophames King of Thrace with Twenty thousand Horse and Two and twenty thousand Foot Between these Forces a bloody Battel was fought wherein Satyrus who had with him a choice Party of brave Horse encountred first with Ariopharnes in a Skirmish of Horse who likewise commanded the middle Battel opposite to Satyrus many fell on both sides at length he forc'd his way through and put the Barbarian King to flight and being the first in the pursuit put every Man to the Sword that was in his way But when he heard that his Brother Eumelus in the right Wing had routed the Mercenaries he left off the Pursuit and made up to the Succor of those that fled and regain'd the day and utterly broke and routed the whole Army putting them all to flight so that he gave a clear Testimony that he justly deserv'd to Wear the Crown as well upon the Account of his Valour as upon the Privilege of his Birth Ariopharnes and Eumelus thus beaten fled into the * Ariopharnes his Palace P. 744. Ant. Ch. 308. King's Palace which was inviron'd with the River Thasis of an exceeding depth so that the Place was of difficult approach it was surrounded likewise with steep Rocks and thick Woods into which there were only two Entrances made by Art One leading straight to the Palace defended with high Towers and Bulwarks the other on the other side was made in the Fens guarded with Forts and Towers of Timber rais'd upon Pillars over the Water The Place being very strong Satyrus first wasted the Enemy's Country and burnt their Towns whence he carry'd a vast Number of Prisoners and abundance of Spoil Afterwards he attempted to force his way through the Passes but losing many of his Men at the Bulwarks and Towers he was forc'd to
Retreat But making an Attack upon that side towards the Fenns he took the Timber-Forts which he demolish'd and then pass'd the River Upon which he began to fell a Wood through which he must needs pass to the Palace and while these attempts were carrying on in great Earnestness King Ariopharnes fearing lest the Castle should be taken by Storm valiantly fell upon them perceiving there were no hopes of safety remaining but in an absolute Victory He plac'd likewise Archers on both sides the Passage by whom he sore gall'd the Fellers of the Wood because they could neither see the Arrows before they pierc'd them nor come at the Archers nor return the like upon them by reason of the thick and close standing of the Trees However Satyrus his Soldiers continu'd falling the Wood and opening a Way to the Palace for three Days together though with great Toil and Hazard the Fourth day they came under the Wall But being worsted through showers of Arrows and straightness of the Places they sustain'd very great loss For Meniscus who led the Mercenary Companies having got Ant. Ch. 308. in at a Passage though he Fought very manfully was nevertheless being over-laid with the Multitude within forc'd to retreat Whom Satyrus seeing in such imminent Danger came up to him with seasonable Relief and bearing up against the Enemy's Charge was run through the Arm with a Spear which was so sore that it forc'd him to retire to his Camp and the next Night died of the Wound having reign'd scarce nine Months after the Death of Parasydas his Father Hereupon Meniscus Captain of the Mercenaries breaking up the Siege drew off the Army to a City call'd Gargaza and from thence carry'd the King's Body down the River to a City call'd Pantacapeum to his Brother Prytanis who having magnificently bury'd it and laid up the Reliques in the King's Sepulchre went presently to Gargaza and there took into his hands the Army together with the Kingdom Hereupon came the Agents of Eumelus to him to treat concerning the parting of the Kingdom between them two which he would not hearken to Leaving therefore a strong Garison at Gargara he return'd to Pantacapeum there to settle the Affairs of his Kingdom But a while after Eumelus by the help of some Babarians possess'd himself of Gargara and sundry other Towns and Castles Whereupon Prytanis march'd with an Army against him but was overthrown in a Battel by his Brother and being shut up within a Neck of Land near the Lough of Meotis was forc'd to render himself upon Ant. Ch. 308. Conditions which were to give up all his Army and depart the Kingdom Nevertheless when Prytanis return'd to Pantacapeum which is the Place where the Kings of Bosphorus keep the standing Court he there endeavour'd again to recover his Kingdom but being foil'd there again he fled to a Place call'd the Gardens and was there slain Eumelus after the Death of his Brother to confirm himself in the Kingdom put to Death all the Friends Wives and Children of both his Brothers Satyrus and Prytanis only Parisades Satyrus his Son being but a very Youth escap'd his Hands for by the P. 745. benefit of a swift Horse he got away out of the City to Agarus King of the Scythians But when Eumelus saw that the People repin'd at the loss of their Friends whom he had murder'd he call'd them all together and there excus'd himself and restor'd to them their ancient form of Government and to the Citizens of Pantacapeum their former Immunities and promis'd to discharge them of all kind of Tributes sparing for no fair words which might reconcile the Hearts of the People to him by which means having regain'd their good Opinions he held a just and moderate Hand over them and grew afterwards into no small admiration for all kind of Virtue among them For he omitted not to oblige the Byzantians and Sinopians and the rest of the Grecian Inhabitants of Pontus by all the demonstrations of Kindness imaginable For when the Collantians were besieg'd by Lysimachus and were brought to great distress through want of Provision he entertain'd a Thousand of them who left the Place for want of Bread and not only granted them a safe Protection but allotted them Habitations within the City And divided likewise a Place Ant. Ch. 308. call'd Psoa with the Territory thereunto belonging among them by Lot And for the Benefit of the Merchants that Traded to Pontus he made War upon the Barbarous piratical Heniochians and them of Taurus with the Acheans and scowr'd and cleans'd the Seas of them So that his Name was advanc'd to the Skies as the Fruit of his Generosity not only in his own Kingdom but almost all the World over while the Merchants every where publish'd the Greatness and Braveness of his Spirit Moreover he much enlarg'd his Dominion by the addition of a considerable Part of the Barbarians Country bordering upon him and advanc'd the Fame and Reputation of his Kingdom above whatever it was before In conclusion he had a Design to have brought under all the neighbouring Nations and had certainly effected in short time what he had so design'd if he had not been prevented by Death For after he had reign'd five Years and as many Months he ended his days by a sudden and unusual Accident For returning home out of Scythia with a great desire to be present at a certain Sacrifice and making towards his Palace in a * Running upon Four Wheels The sad Death of Eumelus Chariot with four Horses cover'd over with a Canopy the Horses took a Fright at the Canopy and violently ran away with him the Coachman not being able to stop them in their Carreer Upon which Eumelus fearing lest he should be born away headlong down some steep Rock threw himself out but his Sword entangling in one of the Wheels he was hurry'd away with the violent Motion of the Chariot and kill'd forthwith It 's reported there were some Predictions concerning the Death of Eumelus and his Ant. Ch. 308. Brother Satyrus though something Foolish and Vain yet credited by the Inhabitants For they say that the Oracle warn'd Satyrus to be aware of one Musculus lest he should kill him and that for that reason he would not suffer any of that name whether Bond or Free to abide within his Dominions and that upon that account he was afraid both of House and Field * Musculus is little Mouse 〈◊〉 Mice Mice and continually charg'd the Children to kill 'em and stop up their Holes At length when he had done all that possibly he could to avoid his Fate he was at last kill'd by a Wound in the Muscle of his Arm. And as for Eumelus that he was charg'd by the Oracle to take heed of a Moving House and therefore that he durst not go into his House before his Servants had made a diligent Search to see that both the Roof and Foundation
serv'd him for Pay grew very desirous to be gone yea and some of his Captains too for that and some other Reasons had a mind to go also But when Antigonus perceiv'd that a multitude of his Men were flying away from him he dispos'd Archers and Slingers and other Engines of War upon the Shore to keep them from flying over the Water in Boats and some he lighted on that ran away and Ant. Ch. 304. those he put to horrible Torments to deter others from the like Antigonus gathering together his Ships that came in after the Tempest though late to him went to a Place call'd Pseudostomon thinking there to have Landed some of his Men But he found a strong Garison and was beaten off with Bows and Slings and other Engines P. 772. of War The Night therefore drawing on he went his way giving Order to the Masters of every Ship to follow the Admiral 's Lanthorn and to make to the Mouth of the River Nile which is called Phagneticum But the next Morning finding that many of his Ships had lost their way he was forc'd to come to Anchor there and to send away the swiftest Ships he had to seek them out The time thus spent and protracted Ptolemy being advertis'd of the approach of the Enemy came in speedily to the Relief of his Men and rang'd his Army all along the Shore Whereupon Demetrius finding no possibility of Landing here neither and being inform'd that the Country adjoining was naturally fenc'd with Fens and Moorish Grounds set sail and return'd But as he was going the Wind struck up to the North and with a mighty Tempest drove three of his Ships of Four Tire of Oars and some others of his Transport Ships upon the Shore all which came into Ptolemy's hand the rest with much ado recover'd Antigonus his Camp Now Ptolemy had plac'd strong Garisons at every one of the Mouths of the River Nile and had an infinite Number of River-Boats every Ant. Ch. 304. where ready stor'd with Darts and Slings and Men which knew well how to use them which greatly vex'd and troubled Antigonus For the Mouth of the River at Pelusium being strongly guarded by Ptolemy he could make no use of his Ships at all and for the Land Forces they were not able to do any thing because of the height of the River and that which was worse with his long Lying both Food for Men and Fodder for Cattle began to grow low Wherefore Antigonus seeing his Army to hang the Head Antigonus returns into Syria call'd them all together and propounded it to the Captains Whether of the two were best to stay and Fight it out now or to return into Syria for the present and to return again better provided and when the Waters should be lower And when every Man's Voice was to be gone he had his Soldiers truss up their Trinkets and so with his Navy keeping still along the Shore by them he return'd into Syria Ptolemy growing glad at heart that the Enemy was thus gone offer'd Sacrifice to his Gods for this great Deliverance and made withal a most magnificent Feast for his Nobles and wrote away Letters to Seleucus Lysimachus and Cassander of his prosperous Success informing them likewise how a Multitude of Antigonus his Men had fled over to him This was 19 Years from the Death of Alexder And now having rescu'd as it were Aegypt a second time and gotten it by his Sword judging therefore he might lawfully reckon it as his own he return'd to Alexandria While these things thus pass'd in Aegypt * See Aelian Var. Hister L 9. C. 13. the Fatness of this Man Ant. Ch. 304. Dionysius the Tyrant of Heraclca in Pontus dy'd having reign'd Thirty two Years And his Sons Zathras and Clearchus succeeding him reign'd Seventeen years In the mean time Agathocles visited all the Cities in Sicily that were under his Command filling them with Garisons and poling them for Money For the Man was in a terrible Fright lest when he should fall under a Cloud they should recover their Liberty by Force of Arms. About that time Pasiphilus the General hearing of the Death of Agathocles his Sons Dinocrates prevails in Sicily and the rout of his Forces in Lybia had the Tyrant in Contempt And falling off to Dinocrates join'd in Confederacy with him and being possess'd of the Cities which were before committed to his Care and Trust he entic'd and drew off the Army then under his Command from the Tyrant by fair Promises and hopes of mighty things Agathocles therefore being now every where disappointed and frustrated of his Hopes was so far dejected that he sent an Agent to Dinocrates and offer'd to make Peace with P. 773. him upon these Conditions viz. That he would lay down his Sovereignty and restore Syracuse to the Citizens and that Dinocrates should be no longer in Exile so that he would deliver up two Castles Tharma and Cepaloedium together with their adjoining Territories to Agathocles Here some may justly admire how it came to pass that Agathocles who was at all other times and in all other things Resolute and Obstinate and never in the least discourag'd when his Condition was most Desperate should be now so dastardly as to be willing to give up all into the Enemy's hands without striking a stroke for the obtaining and compassing of which he had fought so many and great Battels And that which is Ant. Ch. 304. the strangest of all was that he who was yet Lord of Syracuse and of many other Cities and had a considerable Navy at Sea and an Army at Land should become so Weak-headed as not to remember any thing of that which hapned to Dionysius for when he was reduc'd to most miserable Streights and to that degree of fear of those Mischiefs that hung over his Head as that he was altogether hopeless of retaining his Principality and was upon the very Point of mounting his Horse and â—lying away from Syracuse Heloris one of the ancientest of his Noblemen to put a stop to his Carreer said to him The Sepulchre of a King is honourable And the like to this is what his Father-in-Law Megacles said to him that He who is depriv'd of a Kingdom should part with it so as if forc'd from between his very Thighs and not as one making a voluntary Abdication By which serious admonitions Dionysius was so encourag'd that he went through all courageously though they seem'd never so terrible and afterwards mightily enlarg'd his Dominion and continu'd in this height of Prosperity till he was old leaving the greatest Principality in Europe to his Children But Agathocles not in the least incourag'd by any of these Considerations nor considering the vanity of Humane Confidence and Expectations by what he had learnt by his own Experience set to Sale so great a Principality for a trifle But yet the Proposals took no effect for though Agathocles would willingly
succinct an Account as we can tracing the Steps of Homer Hesiod and Orpheus George Monachus or the Monk who writ in Greek a Chronical History Out of the History of Diodorus concerning the Corinthian Kingdom HAving given an Account of these Things it remains we should now speak of Corinth and Sicyon how they were planted and inhabited by the Doreans for almost all the Nations in Peloponnesus except the Arcadians were removed from their ancient Seats at the time of the return of the Heraclidae who leaving out Corinth in the Division sent Messengers to Aletes and gave him the said Province together with the neighbouring Territory This Man became very famous and enlarg'd Corinth where he reign'd 38 years After his Death the eldest and next of Kin ever succeeded in the Kingdom down to the Reign of Cypsellus 427 years after the return of the Heraclidae The first that reign'd at Corinth after Aletes was Ixion who held the Kingdom 38 years After whom Agesilaus reign'd 37 years and after them Prumnes 35 years and his Son Bacches as long who was the most famous and renown'd of any of his Ancestors so that those that reign'd after him were not call'd Heraclidae but Bacchidae After Bacches Agelas enjoy'd the Throne 30 years Eudamus 25 Aristomedes 35 who after his Death left behind him a Son call'd Telestes a little Child who was depriv'd of his Father's Kingdom by Agemon his Uncle and Guardian who reign'd 16 years After him Alexander came to the Crown and enjoy'd it 25 years and was then kill'd by Telestes who had been before depriv'd of the Kingdom of his Ancestors which he now regain'd and possess'd it 12 years and then was murder'd by some of his own Kindred and Automenes reign'd in his stead One year after which the Bacchidae the Posterity of Hercules enjoy'd the Kingdom for above 200 years and all govern'd together with equal Authority but every year they created one among themselves Prytanis who had the Power of a Monarch for 90 years till the time of the Reign of Cypsellus who put an end to that sort of Government These therefore are the Kings of Corinth Bacches reign'd 35 years The same George of the Original of the Romans A Fragment out of the 7th Book of Diodorus Siculus SOme Writers have erroniously held that Romulus who built Rome was the Son of Aeneas But this cannot possibly be true since there were many Kings that reign'd in course between Aeneas and Romulus the City being built the 2d Year of the 7th Olympiad which was above 430 years after the Trojan War For Aeneas gain'd the Kingdom of the Latines 3 years after the Destruction of Troy and reign'd only 3 years and after his Death was ador'd as a God Ascanius his Son succeeded him and built Alba call'd at this day Longa. He gave the City this Name from the River which was then call'd Alba and now Tiber But Fabius who writ an History of the Roman Affairs speaks otherwise of the naming of this City For he tells a Story how Aeneas was foretold by the Oracle that a Four-footed Beast should shew him the way to the Place where a new City should be built which came thus to pass Being about to sacrifice a * Alba is White White Sow then big with Young made her escape and ran away to a Hill whither she was pursu'd and there she brought forth 30 Pigs Aeneas wondring at the Accident and calling to mind the Answer of the Oracle forthwith went about to settle Inhabitants in the Place but being warn'd by a Vision in the Night to desist and not to build till after 30 years then next ensuing he left off his Design till the number of Years was compleated The Eclogs or Fragments of Diodorus Siculus out of the 21 st 22 d 23 d 24 th 25 th and 26 th Books that are now lost Out of the 21st Book 1. ALL Vice is to be avoided by every Wise Man but especially Covetousness For this through hopes and desire of Gain prompts many to acts of Injustice and so becomes the occasion of the greatest Mischiefs to Mankind For being * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Olymp. 119. 4. Ant. Ch. 299. in the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 very highest Sphere of Wickedness it involves not only mean Men but even Kings themselves in extream Calamities For Antigonus King of Asia as an Example of this Truth out of his insatiable desire beginning a War against Four other Kings who join'd against him viz. Ptolemy Lagus King of Aegypt Seleucus King of Babylon Lysimachus of Thrace and Cassander the Son of Antipater King of Macedonia perish'd in Battle * At Issus in Phrygia Plut. in Pyrrhus Anian lib. 7. being shot through the Body with Multitudes of Darts and Arrows tho' afterwards Bury'd in a Royal manner and his Son Demetrius with his Mother Stratonice who were then in Cilicia were forc'd to sail away with all the Wealth they had to Salamis in Cyprus that remaining still in the hands of Demetrius 2. Agathocles King of Sicily burnt all the Macedonian Fleet and so freed Corcyra when Agathocles frees Corcyra it was Besieg'd by Cassander both by Sea and Land and very near and likely to be taken Oh the many uncertainties of War For Folly and Fraud many times effect as great things as true Valour and Courage 3. Agathocles being return'd to the rest of his Army from Corcyra when he heard that the Ligurians and Tyrrhenians who were his Mercenary Soldiers had assisted those Agathocles King of Sicily puts 2000 Mercenaries to the Sword who kill'd his Son Archagathus in his absence put them all to the Sword to the number of Two thousand Upon which Account the Brutii deserting him he resolv'd to Besiege their City call'd * Aetini People of Sicily Agathocles takes Crotona in Italy Aethas But the Barbarians in great numbers falling upon him suddainly in the Night cut off Four thousand of his Men and so he return'd to Syracuse 4. Agathocles rigg'd out a great Fleet and sail'd into Italy and having a design to march his Army to Crotona he sent a Messenger before to Menedemus King of Crotona who was his particular Friend not to be afraid of his Motion which was meerly to deceive him and purposing to Besiege the Place he gave out that he was sending away his Daughter Lanassa with a Royal Fleet to Epirus to Marry her And by this Fraud he came upon them when they were unprovided and never suspected him Thereupon applying himself with all earnestness to the Siege he block'd up the Place by a Wall drawn from Sea to Sea And having by his Mines and Batteries ruin'd the greatest House of the Town the Crotoneans out of fear open'd their Gates and receiv'd his Army into the City who breaking in like a Flood first rifl'd all the Houses and then put all the Men to the Sword He likewise made a League with the
neighbouring Barbarians the Japygians and Peucetians furnishing them with Ships for Piracy and shar'd with them in the Robbery At length having pâ—t a Garison into Crotona he sail'd back to Syracuse 5. Diallus the Athenian Writer compos'd a General History in Twenty six Books And Psaon of Platea anothâ—r in Thirty Books 6. In the War against the Hetruscians Gauls and Samnites and their Confederates the Romans destroy'd wâ—en Fabius was Consul an Hundred thousand Men as Daris relates 7. Antipater out of Envy kill'd his own Mother Alexander his Brother was likewise Olymp. 121. Ant. Ch. 296. kill'd by Demetrius whom Alexander had sent for to his assistance Antipater the Murtherer of his Mother was aâ—so serv'd the same Sauce by Demetrius unwilling to have a partner in the Kingdom 8. Agathocles rais'd an Army and sail'd over into Italy with 30000 Foot and Agathocles again invades Italy 2000 Horse And â—ving the Command of the Fleet to Stilpo he order'd him to wast and spoil the Câ—untry of the Brutii While he was harassing the Sea-coasts he lost many of his Ships in a Storm But Agathocles by the help of his battering Engines took the City Hipponium which so terrify'd the Brutii that they sent Ambassadors to treat with him upon terâ—â— of Peace Upon which he put in a Garrison and carry'd away with â—im Six hundred â—ostages and return'd to Syracuse But the Brutii made slight of their Oath and with the whole power of the City fell upon the Garison and flew every His Garison all Mâ—rdâ—red Man and afterwards recover'd their Hostages and freed themselves from the Yoke of Agathocles Lenity is to be prefer'd before Revenge 9. Most Generals of Armies when they are brought into Straits and Difficulties out of Fear do generally humour the Multitude 10. When the Thebans made a Second defection Demetrius batter'd down their Walls and took the City by Storm and put only Ten Men to Death who were the Ring-leaders Demetrius takes Thebes of the Rebellion 11. Agathocles sent his Son Agathocles to Demetrius to enter into a League with him Offensive and Defensive The King kindly receiv'd the young Man and bestow'd on him a Royal Robe and many other Rich and Princely gifts And sent along with him Oxythemes his special Friend under colour to confirm the League but in truth to be a Spy in Sicily 12. King Agathocles after a long Peace between him and the Carthaginians at length Agathocles Riggs a Fleet against Carthage Rigg'd out a great Fleet. For he design'd to transport an Army into Lybia and with his Navy to hinder the Exportation of all Corn and Provision from Sardinia and Sicily to the Carthaginians who by the last War had gain'd the Dominion of the Sea and thereby had secur'd their Countrey from Invasions And tho' Agathocles had a well furnish'd Fleet to the number of Two hundred Gallies of four and six Tire of Oars yet he fail'd in his design by reason of what shortly happen'd For there was one Menon an Agestone a beautiful Captive then Servant to the King who for some time conform'd himself to a strict compliance to the Kings humour so that he was taken into the number of his * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 His Catamite Menon his Catamiâ—e beloved and intimate Friends But because of the ruin of his Country and the dishonourable abuse of his own Person he bore a secret hatred to the King and watch'd an opportunity to be reveng'd The King because he was old intrusted Archagathus with the Command of the Army he was the Son of Archagathus who was kill'd in Lybia and so was King Agathocles's Granchild he was a Man of a strong Body and of a brave and generous Spirit far above all the rest of his Family When he was Encamp'd with the Army near Aetna the King had a desire to promote his Son Agathocles to be his Successor in the Kingdom and to that end recommended the young Man to the Syracusians and declar'd his purpose and design to have him Succeed Afterwards he sent him to the Camp with Letters to Archagathus which order'd him to deliver up the Command of all the Forces both by Sea and Land to his Son Upon which Archagathus perceiving that the Kingdom was design'd for another contriv'd the destruction of them both And to that end sent a Messenger to Menon of Aegista who perswaded him to poyson the King * Archagathus The son of Agathocles Murder'd He himself celebrating a Sacrifice in a certain Island where Agathocles then lay with the Fleet Invited him to the Festival and in the Night when he was dead drunk cut his throat and threw his Body into the Sea which being afterward cast up by the Violence of the Waves was known by the Inhabitants and carry'd to Syracuse And whereas it was the King's Custom always after Supper to pick his Teeth with a Quill now rising from the Table he call'd to Menon for his Tooth-picker Who having dipt the end of it in Poyson deliver'd it to the King who never suspecting any thing ply'd all his Teeth with that care and earnestness that none of his Guns scap'd the touch of the Poyson Upon ths the Kingbegan by little and The manner of his Death little to be very ill which was succeeded by violent Torments in his Body every Day Then an incurable putrefaction and rottenness cover'd hs Gums and Teeth and now drawing near to his end he call'd a Senate where he complain'd of the wickedness of Archagathus and incited the People to take revenge of him for his Villanies declaring that he would forthwith restore them to their Democracy Afterwards when he was in the very height of his Extremity Oxythemes that had been there a little before sent by King Demetrius hurri'd him to the Funeral Pile and â—urnt him while he was yet alive and not able to speak by reason of the foulness and filthness of his Mouth through the Poyson And thus Agathocles for the many Slaughters and Murders of his Reign and Olymp. 123. 4. A. M. 3798. His Life is notorious vide Justin lib. 22. 23. his end otherwise relaâ—â—d Cruelties towards his own Subjects and Impieties against the â—ods came to an end such as he justly deserv'd for his former wickednesses after he hd Reign'd Twenty eight Years and liv'd Seventy two as Timeus the Syracusian relates and Callias another Syracusian who writ Two and twenty Books and Antander likewise the Brother of Agathocles an Historian The Syracusians having now Regain'd ther Democratical Government Consiscated all the Goods and Estate of Agathocles and boke down all his Statues Menon in the mean time who had Plotted and Executed the Tâ—ason was at the Camp with Archagathus having fled thither from Syracuse And now beginning to look very big upon it as being the Man that had ruin'd the Monarchy â—e secretly Murthers Archagathus and with fair Words and winning Carriage brought over the Army to
their great Men of War and 60 other long Gallies The Romans beaten again at Sea and disabled 13. After the Fight the Carthaginians sail'd to the River Alycus and there took care of their wounded Men. In the mean time Junius the Consul not knowing what was done loos'd from Messina with 36 long Gallies and many Ships of Burden and having pass'd Pachynus and gain'd the Port of Phintiades upon Intelligence of what had happen'd he was amaz'd and the Carthaginians making up upon him with their whole Navy he burnt 12 of the most useless of his own Ships and sail'd with the rest towards Syracuse hoping to be secur'd by Hiero. But near Camarina a Storm arose which drave him upon the Shallows and Rocks the Winds being very fierce and boistrous But the Carthaginians having recover'd Pachynus anchor'd in a safe and secure Harbour The Romans being thus distress'd lost all their Transport Sips of Corn and Provision and A Storm upon the Romans who lost 105 Gallies and all their Transport-Ships 105 long Gallies so that there were only two that escap'd and most of their Men perish'd Junius with those two and those Men that were preserv'd came to the Camp at * Now call'd Marsala Lilybeum He surpriz'd Erix in the night and wall'd Aegothalus which is now call'd Acellus and put in there a Garrison of 800 Men. But when Carthalo had intelligence that the Places about Eryx were possess'd by the Enemy he wasted thither a considerable Body of Men in the night and assaulted the Garrison of Agothalus and took the Castle and so succeeding in his Design some he put to the Sword and the rest fled to Eryx where was a Garrison of 3000 Men. In the first Sea-fight the Romans lost 35000 Men and as many were taken Prisoners 11. In the Territory of Catana there was a Castle call'd Italium which was assaulted by Barcas the Carthaginian For the Counsels and Stratagems of the Commanders being communicated to their Friends were discover'd by some Deserters to the Enemy which terrifi'd the Soldiers and possess'd them with an expectation of some imminent Danger But Barcas arriving there in the night landed his Men and was the first that led them to Eryx which was 30 Stages distant and took the City and put most of them to the Sword and those that surviv'd he remov'd to * Now call'd Trapano Drapanum Always and in every Concern it 's known by Experience that the Observance of good Rule and Order has produc'd many good and great Effects 12. But Calatinus the Consul sail'd into Sicily with 300 long Gallies and other Shipping to the number of 1000 in the whole and cast Anchor at the Mart-Town of the Eryceans Hanno likewise arriv'd * Hieronesus Polyb. l. 1. one of the Lypari Islands near Sicily dedicated to Aeolus and Vulcan in the Sacred Island from Carthage with 250 long Gallies and other Ships of Burden thence he came to Eryx The Romans fell on and a sharp and obstinate Engagement there was on both sides in which the Carthaginians lost 117 Ships and among those 20 with all their Men. But the Romans 80 30 * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for their own Charge and Expence and 50 to divide for Spoil and 6000 Prisoners as Philinus reports but as others 4040 the rest of the Fleet got safe with a fair Wind to Carthage For Valour signifi'd nothing when the Fleet was so dispers'd that it had no body to fly unto but was by the Sea as it were deliver'd up into the hands of the Enemy So * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that after the War had continu'd between the Romans and the Carthaginians for the space of 24 years and Lilybeum had been besieg'd 10 years a Peace was concluded The end of the first Punick War Olymp. 134. Ant. Ch. 240. Out of the 25th BOOK 1. EPicurus the Philosopher in his Book call'd Maximus saith That a Righteous Life is void of all Trouble and Disturbance but an Unrighteous nothing but Trouble and Sorrow * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 It contains much Matter in brief and certain Sentences tending greatly to the Reformation of the Manners and Lives of Men For Injustice is the greatest of all Evils involving not only private Men but that we may sum up all at once Nations Kings and Kingdoms in most miserable Calamities For the Spaniards gall them of the Baleary Islands Africans Carthaginians and Ligureans join'd with them of Carthage And This was the great Rebellion in Africk against Carthage and Matho and Spendius which War continu'd three year Vid. Polyb l. 1. the Slaves whose Parents were Grecians on one side who also rebell'd Then it was perfectly learnt by Experience how far the Diligence of an expert Commander excell'd the blind and heady Vulgar and the rash and ignorant Conduct of a rude Common Soldier So excellent a thing is Modesty in Commanding that it enjoins nothing beyond the Power of Men. But after their departure out of Sicily the Carthaginian Mercenaries rose up in Arms against them for these Reasons They were unreasonable and excessive in their Demands for the Horses and Men which they had lost in Sicily And they were in War one with another 4 Years and as many Months But at length they were put to Death by Barcas the General who had likewise perform'd notable Service in Sicily against the Romans 2. But Amilcar the Carthaginian General in a short time enlarg'd the Bounds of his Country for he advanc'd with his Fleet as far as to the Pillars of Hercules and the * Now Cadiz or Cales in the Streights Gades This City is a Colony of the Phenicians lying in the farthest Corner of the Earth on the Sea side and hath an Haven Having subdu'd the Iberians and the Tartesians with Istolotius Tarseites of Tarseium A City near Hercules Pillars in the Streights now not in being the General of the Celtae and his Brother he put most of them to the Sword amongst Amilcar overcomes Indortes the Prince of â—he Celtae These Celtae a People of Spain Indortes Crucify'd whom were the Two Brothers and several other Honourable Persons And he receiv'd into his own Army 3000 of them that were prisoners But Endortâ—s got again together 50000 Men but fled before he engag'd and betook himself to an high Hill where being beset and blockt up by Amilcar he fled away again in the night and most of his Army were cut off Indortes himself at length fell into the Enemies hands and Amilcar put out his Eies and then with many Scoffs and Scorns Crucify'd him But he discharg'd above 10000 other prisoners and took in many Cities some by fâ—ir Promises and persuasions and others by force Then Asdrubal the Son of Amilcar being sent by his Father-in-law to Carthage against the Numidians who had rebell'd against the Carthaginians kill'd 8000 and took 2000 prisoners The rest were subdu'd and brought under Tribute
the Soldiers were no sooner got to their Quarters but news was brought that about 80 Slaves had caus'd a Tumult to be rais'd and had cut the Throat of Publius Clonius a Roman Knight and that now their number was much increas'd And to aggravate the matter the Praetor being ill advis'd had disbanded most of his Army by reason whereof he was so slow that he gave time to the Rebels the more to strengthen themselves However he march'd out against them with those he then had As soon as he pass'd the River Alba he turn'd aside from the Fugitives who were then lodg'd upon Mount Caprianus and arrived at Heraclea Upon this a Report being spread of the Cowardice of the General as if he durst not attack them very many Slaves were encouraged to join in the Defection Many therefore flocking in furnishing themselves as well as they could for a Battel there were above 800 in Seven days time that took up Arms. And presently after they amounted to 2000. But the General at Heraclea being inform'd that their number was increasing sent Marcus Titinius as chief Commander against them inforcing him with 600 Men out of the Forts at Enna This Titinius fought the Rebels who having the advantage both of Place and Number routed him and kill'd many of his Men and the rest threw away their Arms and with much difficulty saved themselves by flight By this means the Runagades on a sudden got such a great number of Arms that they were more firmly resolved to persist in their Rebellion so that now most of the Slaves were in Arms. The Defection every day increasing the Number amounted in a short time so high as none ever suspected it could insomuch that within a few Days they were above 6000 who having now call'd a Council of War and debated Matters in reference to the Management of Affairs in the first place they chose a King call'd Salvius a Fortune-teller and one that in the Womens Sports and Shews with his Pipes acted the Part of a Fool and Madman But having now gain'd a Kingdom he wav'd living in Cities as being the Nurseries of Sloth and Effeminateness After he divided the Army into three Bodies over each of which he appointed a Captain and order'd them to make Inroads up and down in the Country and at a certain Time and Place all to join again in one Body By these Depredations they were so full of Horses and other Cattel that in a short time they had above 2000 Horse and no less than 20000 Foot but Men very Raw and Ignorant in Martial Affairs Among other attempts they fell upon Morgantina with great Fury which was a strong and well-fortify'd City and made many fierce and continual Assaults upon it The Roman General marching out in the Night as if he would relieve the City having with him about 10000 Men out of Italy and Sicily surpriz'd the Rebels busily employ'd in the Siege on a sudden and breaking into their Camp found but slender Guards but a great number of Prisoners and abundance of Plunder of all sorts and with great ease made himself Master of all and when he had rifled the Camp he march'd away towards Morgantina But the Rebels turning back upon him with great Fury and having the advantage of the higher Ground soon routed him and put all his Army to flight Whereupon the Rebells King commanded Proclamation to be made That none should be kill'd who threw away their Arms Upon which most cast them away and fled By this means Salvius both recover'd what he had lost in his Camp and gain'd a glorious Victory and much Spoil but there were not kill'd of the Italians and Sicilians above 600 which was occasion'd by the Moderation of the King but 4000 were taken Prisoners Upon this Victory many coming in flocking to Salvius his Army became double to what it was before and he was now absolute Master of the Field so that he again sat down before Morgantina and proclaim'd Liberty to all the Servants that were there But their Masters promising the same to them if they would be Faithful and join with them in the Defence of the Place they chose rather to accept of what was offer'd by their Masters and fought with that Resolution that they forced the Enemy to raise their Siege But the General afterwards making void all that was promised as to manumitting of the Servants occasion'd many to run away to the Rebels After this all the Slaves and Servants Olymp. 169. 1. Ant. Ch. 103. Florus lib. 3. c. 19. in the Territories of Aegista Lilybaeum were likewise infected with this Itch of Rebellion whose Leader was one Athenio a Valiant Man and a Cilicean This Man having the Charge and Management of the Concerns of two rich Brothers and being an Excellent Astrologer He first wrought upon those to join with him over whom he had some sort of Command to the Number of 200 afterwards those that were bordering round about so that in Five days time there were got together above 1000 who made him King and plac'd the Diadem upon his Head This Man resolv'd to order Matters and Affairs so as never any did before him For he receiv'd not all promiscuously that came in to him but only such as were of strong and healthful Bodies to bear Arms the rest he forc'd to continue in the Stations they were in and every one in his place diligently to apply himself to the Duty incumbent upon him By which means those that were with him had plentiful Provision He pretended that by the Stars the Gods foretold That he should gain the whole Kingdom of Sicily And therefore he was to spare spoiling of the Country destruction of the Cattel and Fruits of the Earth as being all his own At length having now got together above 10000 Men he was so daring as to besiege Lilybeum a City for strength look'd upon to be impregnable But finding it a vain thing to proceed he desisted from his Design pretending he did it by Command from the Gods by whom he was told That if they continu'd the Siege they would certainly fall into some sudden Misfortune Accordingly while he was preparing to draw off from the City a Fleet of Moors entred the Harbour who were sent to the Assistance of them of Lilybeum under the Command of one call'd Gomon who in the Night surprizing Athenio's Army now marching off and leaving the Siege kill'd a great number of them and wounded as many and so got into the Town This was the occasion that his former Prediction was highly admir'd and cry'd up by the Rebells At the same time great Disorders * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A Proverb for all Kinds of Miseries and all sorts of Calamities overspread all Sicily For not only Servants but Freemen that were reduc'd to Poverty committed all sorts of Rapines and acts of Wickedness For they shamefully kill'd all before them whether Bond or Free that none might
for that none of the succeeding Kings since Battus govern'd so Justly and Righteously as he did for he reign'd mildly and gently content only with the Name of a King and that which was most commendable of all was that he carefully kept and maintain'd the Worship of the Gods but his Successors always ever since have reign'd Tyrannically and converted the publick Treasure to their own private Use and neglected the Service of Arcesilaus the Gods 22. Demonax of Mantinea was the Arbitrator to allay the Sedition among the Cyrenians Demonax a Person in great Honour and Esteem for his Wisdom and Justice When he arriv'd * A City in Arcadia at Cyrene all their differences were referr'd to him and he reconcil'd the Cities one to another upon these Terms and Conditions 23. Lucius Tarquinius King of the Romans being carefully educated from a Child and Lucius Tarquinius much addicted to the Liberal Sciences was much admir'd for his virtuous Qualifications by all and therefore when he attain'd to Man's Estate he was in great favour and much esteem with Ancus Martius then King of Rome and together with the King order'd and manag'd many of the weighty Affairs of the Kingdom Being very Rich himself he liberally supply'd the wants of others and was Courteous and Obliging to all and therefore cry'd up greatly for his Wisdom 24. Solon was the Son of Execestides heb was an Athenian and his Ancestors Inhabitants of the Island Salamis for Wisdom and Learning he far excell'd all of his time being Virtuously Solon Before Christ 622. In the time of Josias King of Judah inclin'd from his Youth he apply'd himself to the Study of the best Arts and Sciences And having long inur'd himself to all sorts of Learning he became the Great Master and Champion of every Virtue For being under the care of the best Tutors from a Child when he grew up to Man's estate he associated with such as were esteem'd the greatest Philosophers upon the account of which Converse he was esteem'd one of the Seven Wise Men and was not only preferr'd before all the rest but likewise before all others that were Eminent for their Wisdom He was in great honour for making of Laws and admir'd by all for his singular Prndence in his private Discourses and Answers and giving of Counsel and Advice When the Athenians grew Ionians in their Manners and became in a high degree Luxurious and Effeminate Solon by degrees gain'd them to the love of Virtue and Honourable Actions For Hermodus and Aristogo principled and instructed by his Laws and Discipline overturn'd the Tyranny of Pisistratus 25. There was one Myso of Malea living i a Town call'd Chenae who lay most commonly Myso in the Fields obscure unknown almost to every body upon the Expelling of Periander the Corinthian for his Tyranny and Cruelty was taken into the Society of one of the Seven Wise Men. 26. Chilo liv'd according to his Doctrine which is a thing rare to be found For we may see many Philosophers in our Age who talk at a great rate yet their Manners and Chilo Wise Man Course of Life are Filthy and Abominable who look and speak like grave and wise Men yet by their actions give themselves the Lye But Chilo besides his virtuous Life all his Days conceiv'd and utter'd many excellent things worthy of Remark 27. Pittacus of Mytelene was a Man not only to be admired for his Wisdom but was such Pittacus Wise Man Flourished about the 42 Olympiad a Citizen as Lesbos never before produc'd the like nor ever like to be as I think any such after him till it produce plenty of sweet Wine For he was an excellent Law-maker and Civil and Courteous towards all his Fellow-Citizens in all their Meetings and publick Assemblies and freed his Country from three most grievous Calamities Tyranny Sedition and War He was a most prudent and courteous Man ever ready to excuse other * Which will never be Men's faults and therefore seem'd to be a Person perfectly Virtuous in every respect for in making of Laws he was Prudent and Politick Faithful to his Word Valiant in War and one that scorn'd corrupt Lucre and Gain 28. The Prieneans say That Bias having redeem'd from the hands of Robbers some Captive Messenian Virgins Persons of considerable Quality he took them into his own House Bias Wise Man and honourably entertain'd them as his own Daughters And when their Relations and Kinsdolk came to Perene to seek after them he restor'd them to their Friends without taking any thing either for their Dyet or Redemption but on the contrary presented them with many Gifts out of his own Estate And therefore the Ladies lov'd him as their own Father both for his noble Entertainment and the largeness of his Bounty so that when they return'd home they were still mindful of his Kindness to them And therefore when the Fishermen of Messenac drew up with their Nets nothing but a Brazen Tripode whereon was inscrib'd these Words * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 To the Wisest they procur'd it to be given to Bias. He was the most Rhetorical and Eloquent Man in his time but far different from all others in the use he made of his Eloquence for he was not Mercenary or aim'd at Gain but us'd it for the Relief of Men indistress which is rare now to be found 29. Cyrus the Son of Cambysis and Mandana Nephew to Astyagis King of the Medes for Valour Cyrus Prudence and other Virtues excell'd all others in the age wherein he liv'd for his Father gave him Royal Education encouraging him to every thing that was high and brave And even while he was a Boy he gave evident Tokens of his attempting great things at one time or other his Virtue and Valour appearing now before hand so evidently while he was but a Child 30. Astyages King of the Medes being beaten in a Battle and forc'd to a dishonourable Astyages Flight was enrag'd at his Soldiers and disbanded all his Officers and plac'd others in their rooms but as for those that were the occasion of the flight he pickt 'em out of all his Troops and put 'em to death thinking by this Example to make the rest more careful in the discharge of their Duty when they came to fight For he was naturally cruel and implacable but his Soldiers were so far from being terrify'd by his Severity that in hatred of his Cruelty and Inhumanity every one of them were ready to revolt and to that end began to meet together in great companies and talk Treason stirring up one another to revenge the deaths of their fellow Soldiers 31. Cyrus they say was not only valiant against an Enemy but mild and gentle towards Cyrus his Subjects therefore the Persians call him their Father 32. One Adrastus a Phrygian by casting a Dart at a Boar in Hunting accidentally kill'd Adrastus Atys the Son of
in the act of Adultery and that he had done it in revenge of the injury done to his Kinsman And therefore it was better for her quietly to gratifie him in what he desir'd promising her likewise many great and rich rewards and to Marry her and so from a private Condition she should be advanc'd to the State and Dignity of a Queen Lucretia amaz'd with the strangeness and suddenness of the thing and fearful lest it should be thought she was kill'd really for an act of Adultery was quiet at that time The next day when Sextus was gone she presently sent for all her Servants and Houshold and desir'd they would not suffer the Wickedness of the Man to go unpunish'd who had violated all the Laws of Friendship and Hospitality And that for her self she said it was not Honourable longer to survive the violation of her Chastity and having said this she stabb'd her self into the Breast with a Dagger and so breath'd her last 49. Hippocrates King of Gela after his Victory over the Syracusians when he Encampt Hippocrates near the Temple of Jupiter took the Chief Priests and some of the principal Citizens of Syracuse who had spoil'd the Temple of the Consecrated golden Vessels and carry'd away other things especially Jupiter's Cloak which was made of Massy and Solid Gold sharply rebuk'd them as sacrilegious Persons and commanded them forthwith to return to the City He himself toucht none of the things devoted both to buoy up the Credit and Reputation of his own Name as likewise judging it unfit for him who had undertaken so great a War to act so high a piece of Impiety against the Gods Besides he conceiv'd by this means he should stir up the People against the Governors of Syracuse who rul'd the Commonwealth with rigour beyond all bounds of moderation and Equity 50. Thero of Argeâ—â—um for Wealth and Nobility of Birth and his courteous Carriage Thero towards the meanest Man was not only highly honour'd among the Citizens but even among all the Sicilians 51. Cimon the Son of Miltiades when his Father dy'd in the Common Goal because he was not able to pay the Fine impos'd upon him gave up himself into Custody to abide in Prison for his Fathers Mulct that he might have the Body of his Parent to bury it 52. Cimen was very Eminent when he was a Civil Magistrate and afterwards became a famous General in the Wars and perform'd such Actions by his Valour as are worthy of an everlasting Remembrance 53. Those at Thermopyle dy'd fighting couragiously whose Valour c. Which are publish'd in the 11th Book of Diodorus his History P. 9. What after follows in the Manuscript because they are extant in Diodorus his History I have purposely omitted 12 Folio's Out of the 21st Book 1. Antigonus from a private Man advanc'd to the State and Dignity of a King was the most potent Prince of any in his time but not contented with his Condition without the least colour of Right was prompted by his Ambition to grasp at the Dominions of other Princes and by that means * At the Battle of Issus Olymp 119. 4. Bâ—fore Ch. 302. Plut. in Demetrius both lost his own and his Life Cimon together 2. When Agathocles heard how the Ligurians and Tyrrhenians had mutinously fallen upon his Son Agatharchus in his absence for their Pay he put them all to the Sword to the number almost of 2000. 3. The Thracians who had taken in a Battle Agathocles the Son of King Lysimachus sent him back to his Father with several gifts by this means hoping in case of misfortunes to shelter themselves under his protection and hereby likewise to induce him freely to restore their Territory which he then possest For they were out of all hopes of Victory seeing so many potent Kings Confederates with Lysimachus 4. Dromichoetes King of Thrace having taken Lysimachus Prisoner us'd him with all kind of Civility and kissed and embrac'd him calling him his Father and brought him with his Children into the City Helis And when the Thracians came in a Body together and crying out demanded that the Captive King should be brought forth and put to death for that it was but just and equal that they that had adventur'd their lives should dispose as they thought fit of the Captives Dromichoetes making a Speech against putting the King to death told the Soldiers that it was for the publick good to preserve the King For if they kill'd him forthwith some others would take possession of his Kingdom who perhaps might become more formidable to them than Lysimachus But on the other Hand if they preserv'd him that favour might work so much as in gratitude to gain a favourable respect to the Thracians and to procure without running any hazard a Restitution of all those Forts and Castles that formerly belong'd to the Thracians The Army then agreeing to what he said he brought forth all the Friends and Servants of Lysimachus that he could find amongst the Captives and deliver'd them to him Afterwards when he offer'd a solemn Sacrifice to the Gods he invited Lysimachus and all his Friends with the Chief Officers and Commanders of the Thracians to Supper And having prepar'd Two Apartments he cover'd the Beds whereon Lysimachus and his Friends were to sit with rich Carpets part of the spoils taken in the Battle but for himself and the rest of the Thracians the Coverings were but poor and mean He prepar'd likewise Two sorts of Suppers That for Lysimachus and his Friends consist'd of all sorts of Rarities and noble Dishes set upon Silver Tables But for the Thracians he order'd Herbs and Flesh meanly Drest to be set upon a Table uncover'd in wooden Platters To conclude the first were serv'd with Wine in Gold and Silver Bowls But for himself and his Thracians he order'd Cups of Wood and Horn after the manner of the Getes Afterwards in the height of the Feast he fill'd up the greatest Horn with Wine and calling Lysimachus Father askt him whether of the two seem'd to him more Princely a Thracian or a Macedonian Supper When Lysimachus answer'd a Macedonian See the rest in the Fragments of Sentences 5. King Demetrius after he had forc'd the rest of the Cities to a submission carri'd himself nobly towards the Baetians For besides the 14 Persons that were the Heads of the defection he pardon'd all the rest 6. Agatharcus was Valorous and Couragious above his Age For he was very young 7 Timaeus was a bitter Censurer of former Historians yet in other parts of his History Timaeus very careful to declare the Truth but his hatred of Agathocles was such that he forg'd many things in relation to his actions for being Banish'd by Agathocles out of the Island he could not be reveng'd of the Tyrant while he liv'd but after his death he loaded him with Reproaches in his History to make his Memory odious to all Posterity For
hands against their Friends and Relations but all unmovable dy'd in the Anguish of their Sufferings keeping themselves pure and unspotted from the Guilt of destroying one another 7. When Gelo and Hiero Kings of Sicily were dead in Syracuse and Hieronymus who was very raw and young succeeded the Kingdom was but ill supply'd with a Governour for being flatter'd and sooth'd up by his Friends he fell into Luxury Debauchery and Tyrannical Cruelty For he Ravish'd many Men's Wives Murther'd his Friends that advis'd him confiscated the Goods of many without hearing them and gave their Estates Hieronymus King of Syracuse Murther'd by his Subjects to the flattering Informers which first stirr'd up the hatred of the People against him then put them upon Plotting which broke out at last and ended in his destruction the common Lot of Tyrants in such cases 8. When Hiero was kill'd the Syracusians call'd a Senate where it was decreed that all the Kindred of the Tyrant should be put to death both Man and Woman and that Hieronymus none of his Race or Family should be left alive 9. When the dead Body of Semprenius Gracchus was sent by Mago to Hannibal the Soldiers seeing it lie upon the ground cry'd out to have it cut in pieces and to be hurl'd away piece by piece out of Slings But Hannibal having an Object before his Eyes to instruct him in the uncertainty and unconstancy of Fortune and honouring and admiring likewise the Valour of the Man said it was an unworthy thing to wreak a Man's Anger upon a speechless Carcass and afterwards celebrated his Funeral with all the marks of Honour and Respect and civilly sent his Bones and Ashes in an Urn to the Roman Camp 9. When Syracuse was taken all the Citizens went forth to meet Marcellus with Olive-branches Marcellus in their hands and he told them he would spare all the Lives of those that were Freemen of the City but all their Goods should be a prey for his Soldiers 10. The Carthaginians after they had made an end of the Libyck War severely punish'd Cruelty of the Carthaginians the Micatanian Numidians with their Wives and Children for they crucify'd all their Captives insomuch as their posterity ever since remembring the Cruelty executed upon their Forefathers are most implacable Enemies to the Carthaginians 11. But the Valour of Hasdruball is not to be passed over in silence For he was the Son of Amilcar Barca the bravest Captain of his Age who in the Sicilian War was the only General that often overcame the Romans and having put an happy end to the Civil War was the first that past over with an Army into Spain and this Hasdrubal approv'd himself a Son not unworthy the Honour and Dignity of such a Father For he was generally own'd to be the best Soldier next to Hannibal his Brother of all the Carthaginian Commanders and therefore he was left General of all the Forces in Spain by Hannibal where he fought many Battles and freeing his Army many times from the Straits they were in he often ran himself into many great Dangers and being at â—ength forc'd up into the heart of the Country far from the Sea upon the account of his Valour he got together a mighty Army and at last came unexpectedly into Italy 12. Nabis King of Lacedemon Murthered Pâ—lâ—ps the Son of â—â—curgâ—â— the former King Nabis when he was but a very Child for he was afraid when he was grown up to Man's Estate he would seek to free and rescue his Country upon the account of his being of the Blood-Royal And for this reason he put to death the Nobility of Sparta and hir'd the basest and most abject Fellows wherever he could find 'em to be his Life guard and protect him in his Dominion So that Robbers of Temples Thieves Highway-men and Condemn'd Persons flock'd from all places to Sparta For stepping up into the Throne by wickedness he had no hopes to keep what he had so wickedly got but only by the help of such Prophane and Impious Fellows 13. The Cretians Rigg'd out Seven Ships for Piracy and robb'd many Passengers at Cretian Pyrats Sea whereupon the Merchants being altogether discourag'd the Rhodians looking upon it to belong to them to redress this Mischief proclaim'd War against the Cretians 14. Pleminius was left Governor of Locris by Scipio and being a pâ—ofligaâ—â— wretch he forc'd open the Treasury of Proserpina and carry'd away all the Sacred Treasure Pleminius robs Proserpina's Temple The Locrians enrag'd at the Fact Address'd themselves to the People of Rome and intreated their Relief according to their usual Faith whereupon Two Military Tribunes seem much offended with the Impious Fact committed and sharply rebuk'd Pleminius not that they were really angry at what was done but because they themselves had no part of the Money But in a short time after the Goddess paid them all home for their Impiety For this was reported to be the most Famous Temple of all that were in Italy and in all Ages before that time through the care of the Inhabitants had remain'd safe and unviolated For at the time when Pyrrhus transported his Forces out of Sicily to Locris and his Soldiers were pressing upon him for Pay he was forc'd to make use of this Sacred Treasure but in returning back they say he suffred much his whole Fleet being dispers'd shatter'd and torn in pieces by a â—ierce and violent Tempest and therefore Pyrrhus himself out of a Religious Reverence to the Goddess endeavour'd to pacify her and restor'd every penny of the Money before he left the Country But the Tribunes before mentioned pretending to abhorr the Sacrilege sided with the Locrians and rebuking Pleminius for his Crime threatned severely to punish him The Quarrel growing hotter and hotter it came at length to blows and the Tribunes threw Pliminius upon the ground and bit off his Ears and Nose and slic'd off both his Lips but afterwards Pliminius caus'd the Tribunes to be seiz'd and whipp'd them to death with Rods. In the mean time the Senate and People of Rome through a Religious awe of the Gods were in great concern about this Sacrilegious Act and upon this occasion the Enemies of Publius Scipio having got an opportunity to cast Durt upon him accus'd him as if he had been the Adviser of Pliminius and that he had done all by his Order and Command Whereupon by a Decree of the Senate two Tribunes of the People and an Aedilis were sent into Sicily with Orders to bring Scipio forthwith to Rome if they found that the Sacrilege was committed by his Command or Connivance but if they could not discover any such thing that then they should suffer him to Transport the Forces over into Africa While they were upon their Journey Scipio sent for Pliminius and cast him into Goal and every day with great care and diligence exercis'd the Soldiers at which the Tribunes of
the People did so admire that they highly commended him But Pliminius being brought bound to Rome the Senate forthwith committed him to prison and a short time after he dy'd there in custody His Goods were all Devoted to Proserpina and what they fell short to make satisfaction was decreed by the Senate to be supply'd out of the publick Treasury and that it should be death for any Soldier not to restore what Goods or Money soever he had in his hand that were taken out of the Treasury of Proserpina's Temple and further decreed that the Locrians should be free 15. Scipio when he saw Syphax among other prisoners led up to him in Chains at the first fell a weeping to consider the former Royal State and Dignity of the Person resolving therefore to use his fortunate success with moderation and humanity Commanded that Syphax should be freed from his Chains and gave up his Tent to him for the reception of him and his Royal Family and keeping him as a prisoner yet with all the liberty imaginable often courteously convers'd with him and entertain'd him at his Table 16. Sophonisba who was first the Wife of Masinissa and afterwards of Syphax but being Sophonisba taken prisoner was gain'd again by Masinissa was a Woman of an admirable Beauty and by her cunning tricks and charming devices could obtain whatever she pleas'd and being confederated with the Carthaginians her Countrymen ply'd her Husband every day to fall off from the Romans which when Syphax was assur'd of he acquainted Scipio with the design and caution'd him to have a special care of that Woman all which being confirm'd likewise by Laelius Scipio commanded the Lady to be brought to him which Masinissa refusing he threatned him severely at which Masinissa was so concern'd that he order'd that some should be sent from Scipio to fetch her away but in the mean time he went into his Tent and forc'd Sophonisba to drink off a Cup of Poison 17. Scipio through his Clemency and Compassion towards all the prisoners he took for ever after was secure of Masinissa as a faithful and constant Confederate 18. Hannibal call'd together his Confederates and told them that he must of necessity pass over into Africa and that he had provided shipping for all those that were willing to Hannibal's Cruelty go along with him Some agreed to the thing but as to those that chose rather to continue in Italy he compass'd round with his Army and gave his Soldiers liberty to pick out as many of them as they pleas'd to be their Captives and the rest to the number of Twenty thousand Foot and Three thousand Horse he put to the Sword together with a vast number of Cattle 19 Four thousand Horse of those that went over to Masinissa after the Rout of Syphax Hannibal deserted him and came in to Hannibal But he enrag'd at them encompass'd them round with his Army and shot them all to death with Darts and Arrows and divided their Horses amongst his Soldiers 20. Scipio sent Ambassadors to Carthage but the common People were on the point to have knock'd them all on the head But the sober Men of the City preserv'd them from Scipio that imminent danger and got 'em a Ship-board in order to send them back to Scipio's Camp But those that were popular and sided with the People in Carthage order'd the Master of the Vessel that when the Ship wherein the Ambassadors were began to Sail he should throw all over-board which he perform'd accordingly However the Ambassadors swam to land and got safe to Scipio But the Gods within a short time after by a remarkable Instance evidenc'd their Power to punish those that design'd so wicked a Fact For it happn'd about that time the Carthaginian Ambassadors were returning from Rome and were driven by a Storm into the midst of the Roman Fleet and brought to Scipio and when all cry'd out to retaliate the wickdness of the other upon the Heads of the Ambassadors that were then taken Scipio utterly refus'd saying That they themselves ought not to do that for which they blam'd the Carthaginians They were therefore all discharg'd and came safe to Carthage and highly extoll'd the Piety of the Romans 21. Philip King of Macedon persuaded Dicaeardus the Aetolian a daring Man to act the Pirate at Sea and to that end deliver'd to him Twenty Ships with order to exact Tribute Philip King of Macedon This was Philip the Father of Perseus the last King of Macedon Philip King of Macedon The same Philip from the Islands and assist the Cretians against Rhodes Hereupon according to his Orders he robb'd and spoil'd the Merchants and wasting the Islands screw'd abundance of Money from them 22. Philip the Macedonian King had with him one Heraclides a Tarrentine a wicked fellow that in private was always buzzing him in the Ears with Calumnies and false Accusations against Philip's best Friends and egg'd him on at length to that height of Impiety that he put to death five of the Senators so that King Philip's Affairs by degrees declin'd and went worse and worse For undertaking Wars frivolously and unnecessarily he was in danger to have lost his whole Kingdom to the Romans for none of his Friends durst speak any more freely to him or advise him all fearing his stubborn and haughty Humour He made War likewise upon the Dardanians without the least provocation given him and kill'd 10000 of them in a Battle 23. This Philip King of Macedon besides his rooted Covetousness was so lifted up with his prosperous Successes that he put his friends to death without any legal Trial or just Cause and robb'd and spoil'd the Temples and Sepulchres In like manner Antiochus attempting to rob the Temple of Jupiter in Aelymais * In Persia See this Story in 1 Mac. c. 6. v. 1 2 3. there receiv'd a just Overthrow with the loss of his Life and Ruine of his whole Army And both of them conceiting their Armies were Unconquerable lost all in one Battle and were forc'd to receive Laws impos'd upon them by others and imputed their Misfortunes to their own Miscarriages and acknowledg'd themselves beholding to the Humanity and Generosity of the Victors for the pardon of their Offences and according to the desert of their own wicked Actions they saw their Kingdoms through the Anger of the Gods grievously plagu'd and aflicted But the Romans then and ever after beginning no Wars but upon just and Honourable Terms and having a Sacred Regard to their Leagues and Oaths were always deservedly assisted in all their Councils and Designs by the Gods 24. The same Philip being in extream want of Provision continually wasted and spoil'd Philip King of Macedon the Country of Attalus up to the very Gates of * Or Pergamus one of the Seven Churches of Asia of Pergamena He ruin'd likewise the Temples in the Suburbs of Pergamus especially Nicephorus that was exceeding Rich. Besides
gone But when they were out of the Town and on their way according to the Terms granted them the Macedonians whether of their own heads or by order from the King is uncertain pursued them and flew them every Man 47. Charopus the Epiros and * This is omitted in the Greek Son of that Charopus who in the War against Philip sent 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Charopus a Guide to Titus Flaminius to direct him through the Strait and difficult Passes in the Mountains by which means the Romans unexpectedly passing those places possessed themselves of the Straits this Charopus I say being bred up at Rome upon the account of the good Services of his Grandfather to the Romans had great Interest with the most Eminent Persons of Quality and being a fellow of extraordinary Malice and Impudence was ever and anon at Rome accusing and slandering the chiefest Persons of Quality in Epirus so that by terrifying all that were in a Capacity to oppose him he became as it were absolute Lord and Master of all Epirus * Phacion or Phacus a Town in Thessaly Cephalus therefore and others that were oppressed by his Calumnies were forc'd to Confederate with Perseus and to that end sent Messengers to him into Macedonia and by them promis'd to deliver up Epirus into his hands 48. King Eumenes being out of all hopes of taking Abdera which he he had then besieg'd Eumenes Pytho dealt under-hand with one Pytho a chief Man among the Abderites who by his Servants and Freemen to the number of 200 Guarded the strongest part of the City this Man being corrupted with Bribes and won with fair promises let him in at the Gates and so Eumenes gain'd the City But Pytho receiving but a poor and mean Reward for his Treason and seeing before his Eyes the utter Ruin and Destruction of his Country repented of what he had done and pin'd away for Grief 49. When an Opportunity was put into the hand of Perseus to cut off the whole Army he loyter'd not far off about Dius in Macedonia careless and negligent in the very nick of time wherein only by a Shout and sound of Trumpet he might have surpriz'd and taken all the Enemies Forces who were then shut up and inclos'd within steep and craggy Rocks And as the King was Negligent so the Macedonian Guards that were plac'd upon the tops of the Mountains were in like manner as Careless in their Watch in their several Posts 50. Perseus looking upon all to be lost and altogether discourag'd commanded Nico his Lord Treasurer to throw all the Money and Treasure at * In Thessaly Phacis into the Sea He sent away likewise Andronicus the Squire of his Body to Thessalonica with orders forthwith to burn his whole Fleet who came accordingly to Thessalonica but with a purpose to Act more prudently for he forbore to execute his Orders hoping by preserving the Shipping to ingratiate himself with the Romans 51. Perseus in the mean time pulling down all the golden Statues at * In Macedonia Dion ordered all the Inhabitants with their Wives and Children to remove along with him to * Cydoniats their Cruelty Pydna than which a Man may justly say nothing was more Imprudently done by Perseus during this War 52. At this time the * The Inhabitants of Cydonia an Island near Lesbos Cydoniates committed a most Impious Fact against all the Laws and Ush An 418. before Ch. 169. Customs of Greece for being receiv'd by the * Apollonia a City in Asia upon the Sea Coasts another in Thrace This Apollonia is in Creet Apolloniats into the City as Friends in time of Peace they seiz'd upon the Place and put all the Men to the Sword and divided their Wives and Children among themselves and took possession of the whole Territory 53. King Antiochus when he had routed the Aegyptians and might have cut them off every Man rid about and call'd out to his Men to forbear killing them but rather to take them Prisoners from which Councel he reap'd considerable Advantage in a short time Ush An 418. Before Ch. 169. for upon the account of this Humanity he presently gain'd Pelusium and not long after all Aegypt 54. But we cannot observing the method we have propos'd to our selves pass by the Cowardice of Ptolemy for who can but judge him of a most effeminate Spirit that would without a stroke struck give up so great and rich a Kingdom when there was Ptolemy Pholometor Ush An. 420. Before Ch. 169. not the least danger at hand and the Enemy at so great a distance from him Which Effeminateness if it had been Natural would perhaps have been more excusable But being it was apparent from the things he afterwards did that he was a Prince inferior to none for Industry and Resolution this Sloath must needs be imputed to his Education under the * Eulaius Euuuch who breeding him up from his Childhood in Pleasures and Womanish Recreations Emasculated the vigour of his Spirit 55. King Antiochus seem'd to all to be a prudent and active Prince and worthy of the Kindom in every respect excepting that one miscarriage at Pelusium 56. When Perseus understood that a choice Body of Gauls had pass'd the River Ister Perseus his Covetousness in order to assist him he greatly rejoyc'd and sent Messengers into * A Province of Thrace near Macedo i 1. Maedica to hasten their March with all speed But the General of the Galls demanded present Pay according to the Agreement to the value of about 500 Talents which Perseus through his natural Covetousness refusing to pay tho' he had before promis'd it the Gauls return'd back into their own Country 57. Paulus Aemilius as soon as he had receiv'd the Legions call'd them together and put Life and Spirit into the Hearts of his Soldiers for he was now above 60 Years of Paulus Aemilius Age and a Man of great Repute and Authority among the Romans for his noble Services to the State And he had invented many new and subtil Stratagems in that War and by his Valour and Policy had overcome the Macedonians 58. Perseus desirous to have many to go along with him when he fled by Sea brought out to them Money and rich Furniture to the value of 60 Talents to take and carry away with them Afterwards when he arriv'd at Galepsus he told his Companions that some of those things that he had suffer'd them to carry away were formerly the Goods of * The Great Alexander and desir'd they would forthwith restore them to them and he would repay them to the value in Money To which all readily consented and he receiv'd every thing back again but never made good his promise 59. Alexander was of a far different temper from Perseus for the former was of a brave and noble Spirit and gain'd an Empire like to the greatness of his Mind On the Alexander
contrary the other through his sordid Covetousness lost the Assistance of the Galls and by such like gross miscarriages utterly ruin'd an Ancient flourishing Kingdom 60. After the flight of Perseus Lucius Aemilius began to seek for his younger Son Publius * Scipio Africanas who was the natural Son of Aemilius but the adopted Son of Scipio who Publius Africanus overcame Hannibal At that time he was a youth about Seventeen years of Age and under the Care and Tutorage of his Father in that great and perilous War so that afterwards he became as famous a General as his Father Being at length found out and brought safe into the Camp the Consul was at rest and freed from that anxiety of Mind he labour'd under for he lov'd him with a more than a Paternal Affection 61. Aemilius by his Civil and Courteous usage of Perseus entertaining him at his Table Aemilius and receiving him into all publick Councils gave evident Demonstrations that as he was a terrour to his Enemies in the open Field so he was Mild and Merciful to them that were Subdu'd Which course being follow'd by others Rome became Mistress of the World without Envy and so continu'd as long as it made use of such noble Generals 62. For in former times when the Romans had overcome those two potent Kings Antiochus The Generosity of the Romans and Philip they not only forbore inflicting punishment but restor'd them to their Kingdoms and took them into the number of their Allies And in these later times after many Battles sought with Perseus and overcoming many great hazards and difficulties and after they had possess'd themselves of all Macedonia beyond all Mens hopes and expectations they proclaim'd liberty to all the Cities which favour neither the Macedonians nor any Body else could ever expect should have been granted by the Romans because they were very Conscious to themselves how much they had injur'd the Roman State For they judg'd and that most justly that there was no room left for mercy being that they had before been pardon'd former Wrongs and Injuries But the Senate forgot all that was past and carry'd themselves towards them with great Clemency and Generosity For they suffer'd Perseus to go at large only with a keeper a punishment less than his demerit who against the Faith of his League and the Obligation of his Kindred and Alliance to the Romans had most unjustly made War upon them and they set Free all the People of Macedonia whom by the Law of Arms they might have made perpetual Slaves and with that readiness and nobleness of Mind beyond all that the Conquer'd themselves could have desir'd The Illyrians likewise whom they had Subdu'd they suffer'd to use their own Laws for they made it more their concern to do what became the Majesty and Grandeur of the Romans in carrying it Nobly towards others without Pride and Insolency in Prosperity than that they look'd upon the Barbarians any way worthy of such Favour 63. The Senate decreed the Macedonians and Illyrians to be free and that they should pay but half of that Tribute to Romans which they paid to their own Kings 64. Perseus thus thrown into the Goal miserably ended his days in such sad and uncomfortable Circumstances The rest is to be found in the Fragments Book 31. in Photius his Bibliotheca at the end of Diodorus Siculus Fragm 2. 65. The General of the Gauls being return'd from the pursuit of the Enemy gather'd the Captives together and committed a most horrid piece of Wickedness for he pickt out the Choicest and Strongest young Men amongst them and Sacrific'd them to the Gods as if the Immortal Dieties are pleas'd with such Sacrifices The rest he shot to death with Darts most of whom of Ancient acquaintance he well knew however former Friendship was no Argument to spare a Man of them Thus are Barbarians puft up with prosperous Successes 66. Eumenes far different from Perseus not only paid his Soldiers what was their due Pay but bestow'd on them several Gifts besides with promises of more afterwards whereby he gain'd all their Hearts and held them fast to his Interest But Perseus when 20000 Galls were near at hand ready to assist him through his niggardliness refus'd their aid and assistance but Aeumenes tho' he was nothing near so rich as the other oblig'd his Mercenaries and all others that might be helpful to him by his Bounty and Liberality And therefore Perseus sinking below the Generosity of a King and enslaving himself to a covetous and sordid Parsimony liv'd to see all the Wealth he had heap'd up together with his whole Kingdom fall into the hands of the Conqueror But the other preferring Victory before any thing else not only freed his own Kingdom from the imminent dangers it labour'd under but brought the whole Nation of the Gauls into subjection 67. Some of the Councils and Acts of Antiochus were both Princely and admirable others Antiochus Epiphanes so poor and mean that they were justly despis'd and ridicul'd For when he celebrated publick Games he first acted contrary to the manner and practice of all other Kings for they when they were strengthening themselves all they could with Men and Money it was their greatest care to keep all private and secret out of fear of the Roman Greatness But he on the contrary invited to his Sports the most eminent Persons from all parts of the World and most Magnificently Adorn'd every part of his Palace and thus bringing together all the Riches of his Kingdom into one place to be expos'd as it wereupon a Stage to the view of all he occasion'd every thing he did to be known and blaz'd abroad 68. And in the State Grandeur and variety of those famous Games Antiochus far excell'd Antiochus Epiphanes Ant. Ch. 173. about the time of Judas Macchabaeus Ush An. 438. Before Ch. 164. all the Princes that ever were before him But that part which he himself acted in those Maygames was very despicable and contemptible For he would ride up and down among all that Solemn Assembly upon a little Nag meanly accoutred bidding some go on others to stop and Commanding this and that as best pleas'd his own fancy so that if his Diadem had been off none would have believ'd him to have been a King who scarce represented the Garb and Meen of a common * A Lictor Officer All the time of the publick Entertainment he stood at the Door and introduc'd some and order'd others to sit down and Usher'd in the Servants that brought in the Dishes Some times also he would go to some one of the Guests and sit down by him and at othertimes lay himself along on the floor and then would start up on a sudden and hop up and down sometimes placing dishes of Meat upon the Table and other times washing the drinking Cups and diligently observing every thing round the Room would pledge those that drank
to him standing sporting and jesting with those that were merrily dispos'd When it drew towards Evening and most were gone he was wrapt up in Linen and brought in by the Anticks and laid upon the ground and presently after as if he were call'd he started up on a sudden naked and in a jocund Humour danced in most ridiculous Gestures with the Mimicks and Stage-Players insomuch as all being dasht out of countenance through shame withdrew and left the place Every one indeed that came to the Solemnity as often as they cast their Eyes upon the sumptuous Furniture and the Stately and Magnificent Order and Disposal of the whole in the Celebration of the Sports and Games admir'd both the King and the Riches of his Kingdom but when they lookt upon the King himself and his Irregular Actions they scarce believ'd it was possible there could so many Vices and Virtues be found to Concenter in one and the same Person 69. When the Solemnity was ended Tiberius Gracchus arriv'd as an Ambassador sent to inspect into the Affairs of Syria whom the King receiv'd and entertain'd with so much Ush An. 438. Before Ch. 164. Kindness and Civility that Gracchus did not in the least suspect any ill Designs in the King nor discern'd that he took any thing amiss in relation to what was done in Aegypt But Antiochus in truth was far from such a Temper but was altogether a Mortal Enemy to the Romans 70 Ptolemy being driven out of his Kingdom and on his Journey to Rome by land it was made known to Demetrius the Son of Seleucus who surpriz'd with his misfortune gave Ptolemy Philometor an instance of his Royal and Generous disposition For forthwith attended with his Servants and taking with him a Royal Robe a Diadem and a Horse Adorn'd with Trappings of Gold he went to meet Ptolemy and came up to him at the * 26th Stone distant from the City whom after he had courteously embrac'd him he advis'd to put Every Stone was a Mile Two hundred Furlongs on the Royal Robes and to make use of the other Ensigns of Royalty and so enter into the City as became the Dignity of his Person left he should be despis'd Ptolemy was much taken with him for his extraordinary Kindness but was so far from accepting what was offer'd that he intreated Demetrius he might rather stop and take up his Lodgings at some small Village in the way 71. Antipater having breathed out his last in the midst of these Torments they bring Antipater Asclepiades Governor of the City crying out that Timotheus was the Contriver of the whole Scene of this mischief and that it was through his persuasions that the young Man so impiously and unjustly put his Brother to death Hereupon when all the Great Men and Commanders began to smell out the whole Design and Contrivance and to commiserate the sad condition of those that suffered such cruel Torments Timotheus was in a great fright and loos'd the rest that were condemn'd from their Torments and afterwards put them privately to death 72. Philopater sirnam'd Ariarathes being now come to the Crown after the death of Ariarathes King of Thrace his Father the first thing he did was the Celebrating his Father's Funeral in great Pomp and State afterwards caressing his Friends Great Officers and Commanders and the rest of his Subjects he gain'd the good Will of all sorts 73. When * A Country in Asia bordering upon the Greater Armenia Ush An. 458. Before Ch. 161. The death of Paulus Aemilius Ariarathes had restor'd Mithrobuzanes to his Father's Kingdom Artaxias Ariarathes Mithrobuzanes one of the Sons of Zadriades King of the lesser Armenia King of Armenia still infected with his old vice of Covetousness sent an Ambassador to Ariarathes to sollicit him to join with him and kill one of the Brothers that were then in his hands and divide * Iberia Sophene between them But Ariarathes greatly abhorr'd such a piece of Cruelty and Treachery and smartly rebuk'd the Ambassadors and writ a Letter to Artaxias wherein he advis'd him to forbear such wicked practices which Carriage of Ariarathes much advanc'd his Fame and Reputation and Mithrobuzanes through the faithfulness and integrity of him to whom he fled for shelter regain'd his Father's Kingdom 74. Lucius Aemilius who conquer'd Perseus and was a Consul and Censor and the bravest Man of his Age of all the Romans dy'd about this time whose death when it was generally known especially at the time of his Funeral caus'd such a general Sorrow and Lamentation that not only Artificers and other sorts of common People flock'd together but the Senate and all the Magistrates of the City prepar'd every thing that was necessary for the Gracing of his Funeral And all Persons of the Free Towns and Cities bordering upon Rome that could posibly attend at the day came in flocking together both to see and honour the Solemnity 75. Such as Aemilius was reported for his Wealth while he liv'd such he appear'd to be when he was dead For tho' he was the only Person in his time that enricht the Treasury at Rome with plenty of Gold brought with him out of * Portions Spain and had the Command of all the Riches of Macedonia and was cloath'd with absolute Authority in all those places yet he was so far from converting any thing to his private use that when his two adopted Sons after his death possess'd themselves of his Estate out of all his Goods they were not able to raise so much as would be sufficient to satisfie his Wife her just Dowry without selling some of his Land and therefore some have preferr'd him for his Abstemiousness and freedom from Covetousness before Aristides and Epaminondas that were so famous and eminent among the Grecians upon that account For they only refus'd Money that was offer'd them by such as thereby design'd and aim'd at their own advantage but this Man medled not with any thing where he had possession of all and might have taken to his use as much as he pleas'd And if any look upon this as a thing incredible let such consider that they must not judge of the Sobriety and Moderation of the Ancient Romans by the griping Covetousness of those at this day For in truth in this our Age the Romans exceed all other Nations in their Insatiableness after Riches But since we now revive the memory of so excellent a Person we shall briefly say something of Scipio his Son he that afterwards raz'd Numantia lest ignorance of his Care and Diligence in the Study of the most excellent and commendable Arts and Sciences should occasion Incredulity that he should attain to such an Eminency in all virtuous Qualifications Publius Scipio therefore was the natural Son of Lucius Aemilius who conquer'd Perseus as we have before declar'd but was the Adopted Son of Scipio that conquer'd Hannibal and the Carthaginians and so by Adoption
in his Speeches drown'd in filthy Lusts and his Body Emasculated by his Intemperance 111. * Physco Nastiness Ush An. 483. Aemilius the Consul being of an heavy and unweildy Body by reason of his bulk Mareus Aemllius and too much pampering of himself was very unfit for Martial Affairs Out of the 34th BOOK 1. ABout this time there arose so great a Mutiny and Sedition of the Slaves in Sicily Olymp. 161. Ant. Ch. 133. The servile War by Eunus vid Frag. Diodor in Photius lib. 34. in my Translation f. 57. Orosius Lib. 5. c. 9. as no Age before could ever parallel in which many Cities suffer'd were miserably ransackt and innumerable multitudes both of Men Women and Children fell into most grievous Calamities and the whole Island was now upon the point of falling into the hands of the Slaves who design'd no other bounds should be put to their exorbitant Power than the absolute Destruction of their Masters And these things fell out when none in the least suspected them but those who were accustomed to pierce deep into the Grounds and Causes of all Events concluded that this was not a thing that happen'd meerly by chance For the Inhabitants of this rich Island growing wanton with too much plenty fell into Luxury and Voluptuousness and then into Pride and Insolence For those reasons the Cruelty of the Masters towards their Servants and the Hatred of the Servants to their Masters raging and increasing more and more every day at length a fit opportunity offering it self their Hatred broke forth and many Thousand Slaves on a suddain without any sign or appearance of any such thing before got in a Body together to cut the Throats of their Masters And the same thing happen'd in Asia almost about the same time For when * Base Brother to Attalus King of Pergamus Velleius Paterc Lib. 2. c. 4. Luc. Fl. Lib. 2. c. ult vid. Ush An 489. Wanting Aristonicus without any colour of Right sought to gain the Kingdom of Asia all the Slaves by reason of the Cruelty of their Masters join'd with him and fill'd many Towns and Cities with Blood and Slaughter 2. In like manner those that had large Possessions in Sicily bought up whole Goals to till their Lands Some they shackled others they overcharg'd with hard Labour and branded and stigmatiz'd every one of them So that such a multitude of Slaves even like a Deluge overflow'd all Sicily that the excessive number may seem incredible to all that hear of it for all the rich Men of Sicily vied with the Italians for Pride Covetousness and vicious Practices For many of the Italians who had great numbers of Servants accustom'd their Shepherds to that degree of Rapine and Licentiousness as that they suffered them to Rob and Steal for want of necessary subsistence from them themselves Which Liberty being once Granted to those Men who had strength of Body sufficient to enable 'em readily to execute any Villany together with Time and Leisure and through want of Subsistence were reduc'd to the utmost Extremity of attempting any thing for their Supply these unruly Fellows in a short time were ripe and compleat in wickedness At first they us'd to Murder Travellers upon the High-way when only One or Two were together Afterwards they would in Bodies enter into little Villages in the Night and pillage poor Mens Houses and forcibly carry away whatever they found and kill all that oppos'd them At length growing every day more and more Audacious there was neither Security in the Roads in Sicily for Travellers in the Night nor Safety in their Houses for them that dwelt in the Country but all places were full of Rapine Robberies and Murthers And because the Shepherds and Herdsmen were furnish'd with Arms and inur'd to lie Night and Day in the open Fields they every Day grew bold and daring For carrying Clubs and Lances and long Staves and cover'd with the Skins of Wolves and Wild Boars they lookt with a most dreadful and terrible Aspect as the Children of Mars Besides every one had a Guard of great Mastiff Dogs to attend them and guzling down Milk and glutting themselves with Flesh and all sorts of other Food and Provision they resembled Beasts both in Souls and Bodies So that the whole Island seem'd as if it had been full of Soldiers roving up and down in every place or as if all the daring Slaves were let loose by their Masters to act the parts of raging Mad men It 's true indeed that the Roman Praetors and Governors did what they could to suppress this Insolency of the Slaves but because they durst not punish them by reason of the Potency of their Masters they were forc'd to suffer the Country to be infested with Robberies for whereas most of their Masters were Roman Knights who had Judicial Authority at Rome and were us'd to chuse Judges out of the Aequestrian Order in the Causes of the Praetors and the Proconsuls who were summon'd to appear before them after their Provincial Authority was determin'd the Magistrates were upon good grounds afraid of them 3. The Italians who had large Possessions in Sicily and therefore bought many Slaves Damopilus his Luxury and Cruelty to his Servants every one of whom they stigmatiz'd with marks on their Cheeks and opprest them with hard Labour and yet defrauded them of their Wages and Subsistence 4. There was one Damophilus of Aenna a wealthy Man but very proud and arrogant this Man Till'd a large compass of Land and had a vast Stock of Cattle initiated the Luxury and Cruelty of the Italians towards their Slaves For being carry'd in a Coach drawn with stately Horses he travers'd the Country up and down guarded with a company of Arm'd Slaves he carry'd likewise about with him continually many beautiful Boys Flatterers and Parasites and in the City and Villages had his Silver Vessels curiously wrought and all sorts of Purple Carpets of very great value and made Magnificent Feasts and Entertainments after the State and Grandeur of a King in Pomp and Expence far surpassing the Persian Luxury and as much as all other Men in Pride and Arrogancy For being rude and never bred up with Learning or any liberal Education and having heap'd up a great deal of Wealth and himself left to a licentious Liberty without controul he first from fulness and plenty became insolent and at last was a plague to himself and occasion of bringing many Miseries and Calamities upon the Country For having bought many Slaves he abus'd them in the highest degree And those that were Free born in their own Country and taken Captives in War he stigmatiz'd in their Cheeks with the sharp points of Iron Pins some of which he sent bound in Fetters to the Goals and to others that were order'd to look after the Cattle in the Fields he neither allow'd Cloaths nor Food sufficient to satisfie Nature 5. The Barbarity and Cruelty of this Damophilus
was such that never a day pass'd Damophilus wherein he scourg'd not his Slaves without the least cause or occasion And his Wife Megallis was as cruel as himself towards the Maid-Servants and other Slaves that fell into her Hands The Slaves therefore being thus provok'd by the cruelty of their Master and Mistriss concluding they could not be brought into a worse condition than they then were rose up all on a sudden 6. In Sicily Demophilus had a young Daughter of a very gentle and courteous Disposition Demophilus who made it her business to relieve and heal those Slaves that had been abus'd and scourg'd by her Parents and to bring Meat to them that were in prison so that she was wonderfully belov'd by all the Servants insomuch as in remembrance of her former Kindness all had compassion of her and were so far from offering any violence or injury to the young Maid that every one of them made it their business to preserve her Chastity unviolated and chose some out of their own company the most expeditious amongst them to conduct her to Catana to some of her Friends 7. After Eunus was declar'd King he put many to death and spar'd only those that Eunus for the sake of his Prophecies commended him at their Feasts to which his Master Antigenes us'd to bring him to make sport those likewise that were so kind as in a jest to give him part of the Dainties with them he preserv'd so that the strange turn of Fortune was to be admir'd and that Kindness shew'd to such mean and inconsiderable Persons should occasion so great Favour and Respect at a time when it was so welcome and seasonable 8. About the same time broke out another Rebellion of the Slaves one Cleon a Sicilian Cleon a Slave raises a commotion in Sicily near Mount Taurus inur'd to Robberies from a Boy being appointed to look to the Horses in their Pastures in Sicily beset the High Ways and committed hainous Murders up and down the Country This Fellow hearing of the good Fortune of Eunus and his Followers having persuaded some of the neighbouring Slaves to join with him on a sudden Revolted Wasted and Spoil'd the City Agrigentum and all the neighbouring Country round about 9. In Asia Attalus being newly come to the Crown began to manage Affairs in a way Attalus kiâ— Cruelty far different from all the former Kings for they by their Clemency and Kindness to their Subjects Reign'd prosperously and Happily themselves and were a Blessing to the Kingdom but this Prince being of a Cruel and Bloody Disposition oppress'd his Subjects with many Slaughters and grievous Calamities Suspecting that some of his own Relations that were Potent and Men of Interest were Plotting against him he resolv'd to rid himself of them to that end he pickt out some of the most Covetous and Bloody Fellows from among his Barbarian Mercenary Soldiers and hid them in certain Vaults in the Palace and then sending for such of his Friends and Kindred as he was most jealous of when he had them there he cut all their Throats by those bloody Executioners of his Cruelty and forthwith ordered their Wives and Children to be put to death after the same manner The rest of his Father's Friends that either had Command in the Army or were Governors of Cities he either caus'd to be treacherously Assassinated or seizing them Murther'd them and their Families together Being therefore hated not only by his Subjects but by all the neighbouring Nations all within his Dominions endeavour'd as much as they could to bring about a Revolution and Change of Government 10. Tiberius Gracchus was the Son of Tiberius who had been twice Consul and a Man Tiberius Gracchus very famous both as to the Sword and Gown He was likewise the Grandchild of Publius Scipio by his Daughter that Scipio who conquer'd Hannibal and the Carthaginians Being Nobly Born on both sides he excell'd all his equals in Age in sound Judgment and Elocution and indeed in all manner of Learning so that he was not afraid to enter the Lists with any that dar'd to oppose him 11. The Syrian Slaves cut off the Hands of those they took prisoners not at the Syrian Slaves Wrists but Hands and Arms together 12. The Senate dreading the Anger of the Gods consulted the Sibyl's Books and The Senate of Rome send Ambassadors to Sicily sent Ambassadors into Sicily who passed through the whole Island erected Altars to Jupiter Aetneus and offered solemn Sacrifices to him inclosing the Altars round with Stone Walls to exclude all but those of the several Cities who after the Customs of their own Country were us'd to offer Sacrifices to him 13. Gorgus was of * Morgantium sirnamed Cambalus a Principal Man for Wealth and Now Georgeto in the Kingdom of Naples Authority in the City Going abroad to Hunt and falling in amongst a company of Robbers he took to his Heels to get into the Town who being by chance met by Gorgus his Father on Horseback the Father forthwith leapt off his Horse and desir'd his The Love of a Father and a Son Son to Mount and make away with all speed into the City but as the Son was not willing to prefer his own preservation before that of his Father's so the Father could not bear the death of his Son by avoiding the Danger himself And thus while they were with Tears intreating one another and striving to exceed each other in endearing natural Affections the Love of the Father in contest with the Love of the Son they were overtaken by the Thieves and both kill'd upon the place 14. Zibelmius the Son of Diegylis following his Father's steps in Cruelty enrag'd at Zibelmius his Cruelty what the Thracians had done proceeded to that degree of implacable Severity and height of Wickedness that he put to death all that had displeased him with their whole Families and upon most slight and frivolous occasions cut some in pieces Limb from Limb Crucify'd others and Saw'd several asunder He kill'd likewise little Children before their Parents Faces and Infants at their Mothers Breasts and having cut them in pieces disht up their Members as Curiosities for their Kindred to Feast upon reviving as it were those Antient Repasts and Entertainments of * Tereus a King of Thrace See the Story of Tereus Progne and Philomela Ovid Met. Lib. 6. His punishment by his own Subjects Tereus and * Thyestes Feasted by his Brother Atreus King of Mycena with his own Sons begotten upon Atreus his Wife Ovid. Met. Thyestes At length the Thracians seiz'd upon his Person but it was scarce possible to punish him according to his Deserts For how could one body suffer the punishment justly due for the Cruelties and Injuries committed against a whole Nation However to the utmost of their Power they repaid him with all the Scorn and Contempt and extremity of Torture upon his
before mention'd And besides the Eminency of his Birth his Father and Grandfather were the most Eminent Men of the City for both of them were * Chairmen or Speakers Presidents of the Senate and the first that gave their Votes and delivered their Opinions in all publick Matters to the time of their Deaths His Grandfather upon an Occasion was judg'd by the Senate the Best Man of all the Roman Citizens For it being found written in the Sibyls Books That the Romans should build a Temple in honour of the great Mother of the Gods and should bring her Image from Pessinunt in Asia and meet it out of the City with all the Orders and Degrees of the Citizens in solemn Pomp and State and that the Best Man should lead the Men and the Best Woman be at the head of the Women when they receiv'd the Image of the Goddess The Senate performing all that was prescrib'd by the Sibyls writings judg'd Publius Nasica to be the Best Man and Valeria the Best Woman For he was not only eminent for his Piety towards the Gods but of singular Prudence in governing and ordering matters of State and of a piercing Judgment For when Marcus Cato who was Sirnam'd Demosthenes in delivering his Opinion in the Senate was ever and anon affirming That Carthage must be raz'd though nothing was in debate concerning it but the Senate was consulting of other Matters Publius Nasica was ever of a contrary Opinion that Carthage was to be preserv'd In which difference of Opinions it seem'd a matter of great Difficulty to the Senate which of the Two was most adviseable but those that were accounted the best Statesmen amongst them preferr'd the Opinion of Nasica For they conceiv'd that the Power and Grandeur of the Romans was not to be judg'd of by the Ruine and Destruction of other Cities but rather by its Sovereign Power and Authority over such as are accounted the most Potent Besides if Carthage stood out of fear of that City the Romans would be kept within the bounds of their Duty and in Peace and Concord among themselves and the Common-wealth would be forced to carry it towards their Subjects with more Moderation and Clemency which things usually strengthen and enlarge all sorts of Governments But if Carthage the Rival City be once destroy'd what can be expected but Civil Wars among the Romans themselves and the hatred likewise of all their Allies for the Pride and Covetousness of the Roman Magistrates all which accordingly happen'd to the Romans after the Destruction of Carthage For turbulent Factions Agrarian Laws grievous Revolts of Confederates continual and destructive Civil Wars and all the other Mischiefs which Publius Scipio foretold came to pass His Son Nasica afterwards when he was well in years ordering the Senate to follow him kill'd Tiberius Gracchus with his own hands when he was contriving to set up himself and take upon him the Government At the Commission of which Fact the Commons being in an Uproar and Exasperated against the Authors of the Murder and the Tribunes of the People asking every one of the Senators Man by Man being brought before them Who it was that kill'd Gracchus Every one out of fear of the Rage of the People deny'd the Fact and made use of shifting and impertinent Answers But when it came to Nasica he own'd that he kill'd him with his own Hand and further declar'd That the designs of Gracchus in aspiring to be absolute Monarch was a Secret to all other Persons but very well known to him and the Senate Whereupon the People though they were much troubled at the Fact yet being mov'd by the Boldness and Authority of the Man from thenceforth rested quiet and said no more This Scipio Nasica likewise Son of the former Nasica who dy'd Consul this Year was of an unspotted Conversation all his Days never tainted or corrupted with Bribes And being endow'd with Philosophical Principles he was not only a Philosopher in Words but in Truth so that he inherited both the Glory and Virtues of his Ancestors 25. Antiochus Cyzicenus as soon as he got into Possession of the Kingdom applied himself Antiochus Cyzicenus cited by Ush An. 500. to Revellings and Luxury and Courses altogether unbeseeming Kings For being extremely Addicted to Anticks Stage-players and all sorts of Juglers he learn'd their Arts with a great deal of Vehemency He apply'd himself also to Puppit-playing and plac'd his chiefest Delight in making the Images of living Creatures in bulk Five Cubits cover'd over with Gold and Silver to move of themselves and other Engines of that Nature But as for Warlike Engines and Testudoes call'd Helepoles whose Preparations and Magnificence belong'd to Princes and were commonly of great use he was altogether wanting in them Moreover he was much addicted to unseasonable Huntings and oftentimes would steal out privately by Night with a Servant or two to hunt Boars Lions and Leopards so that many times he was in danger of his Life by his rash encountring of these wild Beasts 26. Mecipsa Son of Massinissa King of Numidia had many Children but above them all he lov'd Adherball his Eldest and Hiempsales and Micipsa the last of which was the Mecipsa a King of Numidia a mild and learned Prince mildest Prince of all the Kings of Numidia and sent for the Learnedst Men out of Greece he could hear of and spending his time with them in improving himself in all sorts of Liberal Sciences and especially in Philosophy he enjoy'd his Kingdom together with his Study of Philosophy to his Old Age. 27. Contoniatus the Petit Prince of Jentora in Gaul was eminent for his Prudence and Contoniatus Skil in Martial Affairs He was a Friend and an Ally of the Romans being formerly brought up in Rome and so season'd with Virtue and Civility by the help of the Romans he gain'd that Principality in Gaul 28. Caius Marius one of the Ambassadors was slighted by the Proconsul as one of the Caius Marius Meanest of them The rest who were of eminent Birth and in high Place were Honour'd and Respected by the Proconsul But as for the other who was said to have been but a Publican and had much ado to get into the lowest Form amongst the * The Proconsul Magistrates Metellus made no account of him Though in truth all the rest lov'd their Ease and avoided the Camp but Marius having been often employ'd in the Wars in desperate Adventures seem'd highly to resent the Injury and Affront But addicting himself with great application of Mind to Martial Affairs he became a most expert Soldier and being naturally of a warlike Spirit in a short time he grew very Famous and for his Generosity and courteous Deportment and his affable Carriage in all Meetings towards all that were under his Command he gain'd the Hearts of all the Soldiers who studying to make grateful returns for his Kindness fought the more Chearfully and Courageously to
VII Antiochus promis'd Publius Scipio the President of the Council to release his Son Ant. Ch. 189. Justin lib. 34. c. 7. Polyp Leg. 23. without Ransom whom he had taken prisoner when he lay about the Island Eubaea and besides this that he would give him a great Sum of Money upon the obtaining of a Peace Scipio answer'd that he would return the King Thanks for the Release of his Son but that he did not want those Sums and in requital of so remarkable a Kindness he advis'd him as a Friend not to withstand the Pomans of whose Valour he had had Experience But Antiochus judging those terms to be harder than were fit to be comply'd with rejected his Advice VIII In Rome before the overthrow of Antiochus the Ambassadors from the Aetolians being brought into the Senate and not in the least excusing the Faults but setting forth the great Services the Aetolians had perform'd to the Roman State one of the Senate rose up and ask'd the Ambassadors whether the Aetolians had given up themselves to the Protection of the Romans The Ambassadors being hereupon silent and dumb the Senate suspecting that the Aetolians fixt their hopes in Antiochus sent them back into Greece with a fruitless Embassy IX Antiochus laying aside all thoughts of War sent Ambassadors to the Consul to ask Ant. Ch. 187. Pardon for his Miscarriages and to procure a Peace upon any terms that possibly might be had The Consul keeping close to the Moderation and Clemency of his Country and advis'd likewise by his Brother * P. Scipio Vid. Liv. lib. 38. Polyb. Leg. 35. Liv. lib. 37. Just lib. 31. c. 8. Publius agreed to a Peace upon these Conditions That the King should leave all Europe to the Romans and part likewise with all the Countries and Cities lying on this side the Taurus That he should give up all his Elephants and long Ships and pay all the Charges and Expences occasion'd by the War which were computed to Fifteen thousand Eubaean Talents That he should deliver up into their Hands Hannibal the Carthaginian and Thoas the Aetolian and some others and give Twenty Hostages such as the Romans should nominate Antiochus out of a longing desire of Peace having accepted these Conditions was freed from the War X. After the overthrow of Antiochus there came Ambassadors from all the Cities and Liv. lib. 37. 38. Polyb. Leg. 25. 36. States of Asia some concerning the Freedom of their Cities others relating to Congratulations for the good Services they had done for Rome in joining in the War against Antiochus To all which the Senate gave great Encouragement and said they would send Ten Commissioners into Asia who with the * Praetors Generals should bring all Orders with them When the Ambassadors were return'd into their own Countries the Ten Commissioners with Scipio and Aemilius met in Council together and decreed that the Regions on this side T 〈…〉 us should be given to Eumenes and the Elephants But Caria and Lycia they assign'd to the Rhodians They order'd likewise that such Cities as paid Tribute to Eumenes should be subject to him but that such as were Tributary to Antiochus should be freed from all Tribute whatsoever XI When the * Gallogreeks Galatian Ambassadors came to Cncius Manlius the Proconsul to Treat for Peace he answer'd he wou'd come to terms of Peace with them when their Kings came to him XII The same coming into Lycaonia brought * Wheat Corn that was due from Antiochus and the yearly Tribute of a Thousand Talents according to the Articles of Peace XIII The General Assembly of the Achaians coming together in Peloponnesus the Roman Commissioners met them and Declar'd that the Senate was much displeas'd at the Ant. Ch. 186. demolishing of the Walls of Lacedemon which was done by the States of Achaia when they were Lords of Sparta and had brought the Lacedemonians as Members into the same Common-wealth To this Assembly came the Ambassadors of Eumenes and brought along with them a * Polyb. Leg. 41. 120. Talents Present of Twenty Talents out of which the King intended the Charge of such as were Members of the Achaian Senate should be defraid But the Achaians disliking the disposal of the Money refus'd the Gift Thither likewise came Ambassadors from Seleucus to renew the League formerly made between the Achaians and Antiochus which League they renew'd and accepted the Present sent from him XIV Ambassadors coming to Rome from the Kings and Princes of Asia those Princes with Attalus had a Noble Reception for they were met with great State and Pomp and Presented with Rich Gifts and other extraordinary marks of Respect and Favour for for these Princes were fast Friends to the Romans and observant in every thing to the Senate and besides having courteously Entertain'd above all others those Romans that came to visit the * Stratonice upon the news of Eumenes her Husband being dead See Liv. lib. 42. Queen they were judg'd worthy of the most Honourable Recption For these Reasons the Senate having heard all the Ambassadors and especially desirous to gratifie the Princes that belong'd to Eumenes return'd them a Gracious Answer For they signified that they would send Delegates from the Senate to put a full end to the War with Pharnaces XV. The defrauding of Creditors in Thessaly setting all in a Flame among the Aetolians and every City being fill'd with Seditions and Tumults the Senate suspected that all this Confusion was caus'd by * King of Macedon Vid. Liv. lib. 42. Perseus and Declar'd to his Ambassadors that they wou'd acquit him of other Crimes whereof he was accus'd But as to his ejecting of Abrupolis King of Thrace out of his Kingdom they commanded Perseus to * To'mend his manners rectifie what he had done XVI When Arpalus Perseus's Ambassador was silent the Senate so far Honour'd Eumenes as to present him with an Ivory * Chair of State Chariot and conferr'd upon him other Honours and with special Favour and Respect sent him away into Asia XVII The same day the Senate decreed the War against Perseus and declar'd it to the Ambassadors but return'd no Answer and Commanded the Consuls expresly to reject * Perseus's Ambassadors them in the Assemblies and order'd that the Ambassadors and all the Macedonians should that very day depart out of Rome and within Thirty Days out of Italy XVIII * Ptolemy Philometor Ptolemy King of Egypt knowing that his Ancestors had been formerly Lords of Caelo Syria made great preparations to gain that justly even by the Law of Nations that was before lost by an unjust War * Antiochus Epiphanes Ant. Ch. 166. Antiochus having intelligence of these preparations sent Ambassadours to Rome Commanding them to acquaint the Senate that Ptolemy had begun an unjust War against him But he before nam'd sent Ambassadors to make his Defence and to inform the Senate how Antiochus against all
73 Britain The Discription of the Island 185 r. 203 Their Laws Manners c 185 r. 209 Their Traffick with Tin there r. ibid. The Island Discover'd by Julius Caesar ibid. r. 120 Busiris the Ground of the Story of his killing all Passengers that landed in Egypt 46 r. 55 Burials the manner of Embalming in Egypt 47 r. 57 Bull a dreadfull wild Bull 100 r. 117 The Marathonian Bull 159 r. 182 C. Cadmus Built Thebes his Wife Children c. 127 197 r. 147 223 Was the First that taught the Greeks Letters and brought them into Greece 201 120 r. 140 227 Cadusians their perpetual War with the Medes 71 r. 84 Caesar Julius Caesar first Discover'd the Northen Parts to the Romans 185 r. 120 Conquer'd Britain ibid. Calydonia the Calydonian Boar the Hunting of him 145 r. 167 Camels Wild Camels 105 r. 123 Camels Leopards of Arabia their Shape 80 r. 94 Campes the Great Monster kill'd by Bacchus 122 r. 143 Carbuncles where they are Found 111 r. 120 Cat Worship'd in Egypt 47 r. 53 Chastity a Trial of Conjugal Chastity 31 r. 38 Celtiberians their Description Customs c. 190 r. 214 Centaurs their Original 165 r. 189 Their Conflict with Hercules 133 r. 153 And War with the Lapithae 165 r. 189 Eurytion the Centaur kill'd by Hercules 144 r. 166 Cerberus Drawn out of Hell by Hercules 139 140 c. 161 Ceres is the Earth 5 117 r. 8 137 The same with Isis as the Egyptians say 206 r. 230 Her Acts 177 r. 200 Obscene Speech in her Feasts ibid. r. 101 Chaldeans their Astrology Augurs 69 70 r. 51 82 83 Their Priests 66 r. 78 Chemmis King of Egypt his Pyramid 32 r. 39 Chius the Ancient Inhabitants of Chius r. 238 239 Circes her History 150 r. 173 Circumcision the Troglodites Cicumcis'd 98 r. 115 Caelus King of the Atlantides his Sons 113 115 r. 133 135 Corsica its Situation Cities ancient Inhabitants c. 181 r. 205 Bitter Honey 182 r. ibid. Corybantes the Sons of the Mother of the Gods 170 r. 194 Their Sacreds 198 r. 223 Crete the Antiquities 116 122 135 204 211 r. 136 142 230 157 238 It s Name whence 122 r. 142 Crocodile its Description 16 r. 24 The Hunting of it 16 17 r. 23 Crueltty of Hecates 151 152 r. 173 151 Cyaxares the first Monarch of the Medes 71 r. 84 Cybele her Name whence 114 r. 134 The several Stories of the Atlantides and Phrygians concerning her 114 115 r. 133 134 Cyrus transferr'd the Empire from the Medes to the Persians 72 r. 85 Crucified by the Scythian Queen 76 r. 90 D. Dactyli Judaei 204 r. 230 Daedalus his Monument in Egypt 170 r. 61 His Statues 168 r. 192 His Works in Crete 159 r. 183 In Sicily r. ibid. His Wings r. ibid. 182 In Sardinia 170 r. 194 Daphne the Daughter of Tiresias her Oracles 164 r. 187 Her History 173 r. 179 Delphos the Temple Rifl'd by the Gauls 189 r. 214 Derceto the Syrian Goddess the Mother of Semiramis 55 r. 95 Description of pleasant Places 121 173 176 194 195 r. 141 197 199 220 Diana why the Nurse of Children 208 r. 234 235 What Places Dedicated to Her in Sicily 117 r. 200 Deluge by the Eruption of the Pontick Sea 197 r. 223 In Boetia 136 r. 158 Rhodes 200 r. 220 In Samo-Thracia 197 r. 223 Deucalion 3 r. 7 Diomedon his Mares devour Men 135 r. 155 Dogs Men with Dogs Heads 100 r. 117 Why Worshipp'd in Egypt 7 r. 11 Doreans their War with the Lapithae 146 r. 169 Expuls'd by the Theban Exiles 164 r. 187 Dragon at Cholchos what r. 162 Druids Poets of the Gauls Philosophers and Divines 189 r. 213 Dromenaries 106 r. 125 E. Ecbatana a Famous Aquaduct there and the City Beautified by Semiramis 60 r. 72 The Palace of Arbaces 68 r. 81 Effeminacy a Remarkable Example of Effeminacy in Sardanapalus 65 r. 78 Elephants the manner of Hunting them by the Ethiopians 96 r. 112 How they are destroy'd by Serpents 89 r. 104 Their Fight with the Rhinoceros 99 r. 117 Their manner of Generation bringing forth their Young c. 75 r. 89 Epitaphs of Isis r. 16 Of Osiris of Osimanduas 12 r. 31 Ergamenes King of Ethiopia abolish'd the cruel Custom of forcing the Kings to kill Themselves 87 r. 102 Erycina the Temple of Venus Erycina 172 r. 196 Eteocles his cruel War with his Brother about the Kingdom of Thebes 162 r. 186 Euphrates a Famous River 67 r. 70 Eurydices the Wife of Orpheus brought back out of Hell by Orpheus 140 r. 162 Eurystheus imposes Labours upon Hercules 132 r. 153 His Death 158 r. 181 Expiation the strange manner of Expiation among the Ethiopians 81 r. 96 F. Famine all the World over but in Egypt 13 r. 17 Fire its Irruption 138 179 r. 159 202 Fortunate Islands of Arabia 108 r. 127 In the Atlantick Ocean 183 r. 207 Fruits Two Harvests in the Year in India 72 r. 85 The Fruitfulness of Taprobane Corn first found out by Ceres in Sicily 176 177 206 r. 199 200 232 Funerals the Funeral Rites among the Egyptians 38 r. 57 The Pompous Burials of their Kings 30 r. 46 G. Ganges a famous River 73 Gades or Cadiz by whom built 184 r. 208 Gauls 186 r. 210 The Extream Cold their Rivers c. ibid. r. 214 The Description 187 188 189 r. 211 to 214 Geometry first found out in Egypt 36 r. 44 The Usefulness of it 42 r. 51 Giants Egyptian Giants 10 11 r. 16 Their Triple War with Jupiter 207 r. 234 Overcome by the Gods 121 r. 142 Giants of Phlegraea overcome by Hercules 138 r. 159 Why said to be Born of the Earth r. ibid. Gods the History of the Gods of Egypt 23 50 r. 61 Their Worship by the Cretians Ethiopians 210 86 100 237 The God Jao of the Hebrews 49 r. 59 Gold the Laborious way of making of Gold in the Confines of Egypt 89 90 r. 105 106 The Gold Mines in Ethiopia ibid. Gold chang'd for Brass or Iron 106 r. 125 The History of the Golden Fleece 157 r. 174 A River that flows down Gold r. H. Hecates her History 151 r. 173 Helen carry'd away by Theseus 162 r. 185 Heliopolis by whom built 50 r. 29 Helius the Son of Hypericon and Bazilia metamorphos'd into the Sun 113 114 r. 133 Hellespont whence the Name deriv'd 151 r. 174 Heraclidae Banish'd out of all Greece 158 r. 181 Depart out of Peloponnesus for 50 Years by Agreement 158 r. 182 Hercules there were three 124 r. 145 The Egyptian Gelai and him of Alcmena ibid. The Acts of Hercules the Cretan 210 r. 236 The Genealogy of the last his Acts 131 r. 152 His Sickness and Madness 156 r. 154 His further Acts r. 156 163 His Labours 132 c. r. 153 His Expedition into Spain 153 r. 156 The Institutor of the Olympick Games 134 r. 155 Is worship'd by the Agyrineans 139 Overcomes the Trojans 152 r. 176 His Sickness r.
169 He burns himself 147 r. 176 Hermophrodites their prodigious Originals 129 r. 150 Hermes the Egyptian Hermes 6 r. 10 His Inventions ibid. First finder out of Arts 23 r. 28 Herodotus the time he Flourish'd 71 r. 83 Hesion expos'd to be devour'd by a Whale 149 r. 171 Deliver'd by Hercules ibid. Hesperides divers Opinions of the Hesperian Apples 141 r. 162 Hippolytus his Stepmother falls in love with him 161 r. 184 Is falsly Accus'd Kill'd by his Chariot ibid. Homer the most ancient of the Poets 86 r. 100 His Works 152 164 r. 8 176 187 Imitates Orpheus 50 r. 61 The Place of his Birth ibid. Honey bitter Honey 182 r. 205 I. Jambulus his strange Voyage and Travels 81 84 r. 96 99 Jason Captain of the Argonauts his Acts 148 149 r. 170 171 Goes to Corinth cast of Medea and marries Glauces 145 146 r. 179 His Death ibid. Iberians their Gold Mines 191 r. 162 Ibis the Usefulness of this Bird 45 r. 55 Ichneumenon the Enemy of the Crocodile 17 r. 22 55 Ichthyophagi not affected with any thing 91 r. 108 The manner of their Burials 93 r. 109 Jehovah call'd Jao 49 r. 59 Indians their Seven Tribes 74 75 r. 88 89 Their War with Semiramis 62 63 r. 47 India the Description 72 73 r. 85 87 Indus River 73 Jocasta the Acts of Jocasta r. 202 The Mother of Oedipus 162 r. 185 Iolaus one of the Thespidae brings a Colony into Sardinia 142 r. 163 164 Iris or Ireland an Island of Britain a fierce People 189 r. 213 Isis the same with Ceres 6 r. 9 Jews a Colony of Egypt 10 r. 17 Why they are Circumcis'd 28 r. 35 Judges the Proceedings in Judicature in Egypt 39 40 r. 48 Jupiter the Ancient Jupiter was the Brother of Coelus and King of Crete whose Daughters were the Curetes the other was Lord of the World the Son of Saturn 116 r. 16 136 The Kingdom of the Cretan Jupiter after Ammon and Bacchus 123 r. 145 More 204 r. 231 233 Ixion attempts to Ravish Juno is tormented upon a Wheel 165 r. 189 K. Kings draw a Chariot r. 57 The strange way of living of the Kings of Egypt 36 r. 44 Death to the Sabaean Kings to stir abroad 107 r. 126 Kingdoms formerly bestow'd upon such as had done good Publick Service 23 r. 28 L. Lakes a wonderful Lake in Ethiopia 60 r. 72 A Description of the Lake of Myris 26 27 33 34 In Sicily 139 161 Lapithae their War with the Centaurs 165 r. 189 With the Doreans and Hercules 146 r. 169 Laws Of the Egyptians r. 48 Of the Ethiopians 87 r. 102 Liparae Islands their fruitfullness c. 180 r. 203 Letters Two Sorts in Egypt 86 r. 101 Hieroglyphicks of Egypt and Ethiopia what ibid. Greek Letters why call'd Pelasgian and Phaenician 120 r. 140 Letters in Tabrobanana vii Figures 83 r. 48 Locusts Eaten and liv'd upon by the Ethiopians 97 r. 114 Lotus of Egypt what r. 21 Tall Trees of Lotus 105 r. 123 M. Macarian Islands why so call'd 213 r. 239 Megabarean Ethiopians their manner of Burial 98 r. 115 Their voluntary Deaths 99 r. 116 Marathon the Marathonian Bull 159 r. 182 Maraneans of Arabia how destroy'd and rooted out by the Garyndaneans 105 r. 123 Marsyas His Contest with Apollo in Musick his Death 114 115 r. 134 Mars his Inventions and Acts 209 r. 235 Medea assists the Argonauts with her Advice and makes an Agreement with Jason 151 152 r. 173 174 Her wonderful Witcheraft in the Palace of Pelias 153 154 r. 176 177 Forsaken by Jason and cruel Revenge upon her own Children 156 r. 179 Media a Catalogue of the Kings 71 r. 84 Meleager his sad Destiny 145 r. 167 Malta Island its Description 181 r. 204 Menas the first King of Egypt how preserv'd by a Crocodile 46 r. 56 Mercury the Egyptian Mercury his Invention of Arts Eloquence Musick c. 6 23 r. 10 28 Conductor of Souls 50 r. 60 Meroes Islands in Nile their Description r. 19 20 Minerva the Place of her Birth 208 r. 214 Her Inventions 209 r. 235 Minos the first Son of Jupiter 160 r. 183 The second of Lycasta ibid. His Cities Laws c. 211 r. 237 His Death in Sicily 170 r. 194 Minotaur Kill'd by Theseus 160 r. 183 How born 169 r. 193 Money the Punishment of those that counterfeited Money in Egypt 41 r. 50 Moses the first that put Laws in writing 49 r. 59 His Praise ibid. Mice Bred in Egypt out of the Mud or Slime 2 r. 1 Muses Accompany Bacchus 127 128 r. 148 And Osiris 8 r. 10 Why Virgins 130 r. 150 Their Names ibid. r. 235 Miris King of Egypt his Lake 26 27 r. 33 34 His Pyramid and Sepulchre in the Lake 27 r. 33 Myrrhe A Description of Myrrhe 194 r. 220 N. Nabathean Arabians 78 105 r. 92 130 Thieves never Conquer'd ibid. Naxus the History of Naxus 198 199 r. 184 224 225 Nemean a Description of the Nemean Lion his Place Death c. 132 r. 153 Neptune his Inventions good Deeds why accounted God of the Sea 207 r. 233 Nile the Islands in it 15 r. 19 20 The Cattracts Mouths ibid. Beasts Fishes c. 16 17 r. 20 21 Flow its Decrease is observ'd and the different Opinions of the Inundations of Nile 18 c. r. 23 c. Ninus King of Assyria his Acts 54 55 56 r. 64 65 66 His Death and Sepulchre 57 r. 67 Nineveh Built 55 r. 65 It s Shape Compass c. ibid. It s Siege and taking by Arbaces 66 67 68 r. 80 Ninyas the Son of Ninus 64 r. 67 Niobe her Pride and Punishment 167 r. 167 Nysa the pleasant Situation of the City the Birth-place of Bacchus 120 121 r. 141 The Cave of Nysa a most pleasant Place 127 r. 147 O. Obscenity Obscene Speech us'd in the Feasts of Ceres 177 201 Obelisks the Obelisks of Semiramis one of the seven Wonders of the World 59 r. 71 Oedipus his Birth Casting forth his Acts Marriage c. 162 r. 180 185 Olympicks the Years The Olympicks were distant one from another r. 44 Invented by Hercules Dactylus 204 r. 230 Instituted by Hercules 134 155 r. 155 178 Orion the Story of Orion 173 r. 197 Osymanduas King of Egypt 24 r. 30 His stately Pyramid ibid. His Epitaph 25 r. 31 Orpheus why said to draw Beasts after him 139 140 r. 162 His History 140 r. ibid. His Verses 45 r. 28 Rites of Bacchus brought into Greece by him 50 r. 60 Osiris his Expedition throughout the whole World and Acts 5 6 7 8 r. 9 10 Deify'd Death Burial and Epitaph 9 12 r. 9 12 P. Palestina 104 105 r. 123 Palm-Trees a full Description of the Palm-Trees in Arabia and the Province of Babylon 81 r. 95 Palmetum a pleasant Place of Palms and other Delights in Arabia 104 105 r. 123 Panchaian Islands their Descriptian 195 r. 220 221 Genius and Customs of the Inhabitants 196 Paradise the Earthly
Paradise in India 121 r. 141 Parents the Honour given to dead Parents in Egypt 48 r. 58 Pasiphae the Wife of Minos 160 Her Carnal knowledge of a Bull 169 r. 183 193 Patricides 162 r. 628 185 How Patricides are punish'd 40 r. 49 Pelias King of Colchos his strange Death by his own Daughters through the Witchcrafts of Medea 154 155 r. 177 178 Penthesilea the Amazon Queen assists the Trojans 77 r. 91 Perjury the punishment of Perjury 40 r. 49 Persians the Persians record their Antiquities in Rolls of Parchment or Skins 71 r. 83 Plague a great Plague in Rhodes and the Cause 213 r. 239 Phaeton the Story of Phaeton 186 r. 210 Phineus a Prince in Thrace his Cruelty towards his two Sons 149 r. 170 Phaenicians brought Letters into Greece 209 r. 235 Eminent for getting of Wealth 191 r. 211 Their Colonies 184 r. 208 Perithous the History of Perithous the Rape of Helen 161 162 r. 184 185 Pillars Hercules Pillars 135 136 r. 157 Pityusa Islands Describ'd r. 106 Pleiades their Names 115 r. 135 Pluto his Genealogy Invention 211 r. 237 Why call'd the God of the Dead 207 r. 233 Punishment of various Crimes in Egypt 40 r. 49 Polynices his War with his Brother 163 r. 186 Pontus or the Pontick Sea once but a Lake 197 r. 213 Of its Breach 148 r. 170 Priamus King of Troy 168 r. 192 Plac'd in the Kingdom by Hercules 152 r. 175 Priapus what 129 r. 149 Promotheus the Explication of the Fable of his stealing of Fire 205 r. 231 His Eagle what r. 11 Loos'd from his Chains by Hercules 135 r. 155 Proserpina her Rape 176 177 r. 199 Places in Sicily dedicated to her 177 r. 290 Proteus King of Egypt 32 r. 39 Why he was said to have several Shapes ibid. Pyramids the Pyramid of Chemmis one of the seven Wonders of the World 32 r. 39 Mountains like Pyramids 106 Pythagoras What be learnt from Egypt 51 r. 62 His Opinion of the Metempsychosis among the Gauls 187 188 r. 212 R. Religion The Neglect of Religion punish'd the Calydonian Boar 145 r. 167 Remphis the Egyptian King exceeding Covetous 32 r. 39 Rhadamanthus his Justice Acts Sons 211 r. 228 His Parents 211 r. 237 The Lawmaker in Crete 160 r. 183 Rhinoceros 99 r. 117 His Fight with an Elephant ibid. Rhodes divided into three Parts 158 r. 182 The great Deluge there 200 r. 226 Why so call'd ibid. Rome taken by the Gauls 189 r. 214 Built by Romulus 137 r. 159 S. Sabaean Arabians 107 r. 125 The Kings Riches c. 107 108 r. 126 Samothracia The Name Inhabitants Deluge Mysteries Temple c. 197 198 r. 200 223 Sands Mountains of Sand 106 r. 124 The sandy Deserts of Arabia 81 r. 96 Sardanapalus his Effeminacy Luxury Deposition Death 65 c. r. 78 79 81 Saturn King of Egypt 5 r. 9 Saturn one of the Titans 204 205 r. 231 Kill'd his Children 207 r. 233 Overcome by Bacchus 122 r. 143 Saturn the Brother of Atlas 116 r. 136 His Impiety c. ibid. The Golden Age of Saturn r. 23 Satyrs the Companions of Bacchus 129 r. 149 Of Osyris r. 11 Why they are worshipp'd 45 r. 55 Scorpions where they abound 97 91 r. 114 Semele her Adultery with Jupiter and how she was consum'd 117 118 r. 137 138 Semiramis her History 55 56 r. 65 66 Her Journey into Bactria r. 67 Builds Babylon 57 r. 68 Her Expedition into India and other Actions 60 c. r. 73 c. Serbon The Lake of Serbon very dangerous 14 r. 18 Serpents vast Serpents in Ethiopia 100 101 r. 118 Destroy Elephants 89 102 r. 104 The great Serpent taken and brought to Alexandria 101 r. 119 How taken fed and made tame ibid. Serpents infest Khodes 201 r. 227 Sesostris King of Egypt 27 28 r. 30 31 Travels through the World his famous Acts 29 30 r. 34 35 c. Sesostris the Second how cur'd of his Blindness 31 r. 38 Sicily its ancient Names 176 r. 199 It s Circuit Princes c. 178 179 r. 202 Once a Peninsula 173 r. 197 Silla a wonderful River 73 Silenus the first King of Nysa 122 r. 143 Tutor of Bacchus 128 r. 148 Sun in what Shape it rises among the Arabians 108 r. 127 It s Circuit and Course 51 r. 62 India directly subject to the Tropick of Capricorn 72 r. 85 Spectra's in the Air among the Lybians 109 r. 128 The natural Reason of them 110 r. 129 Sphinx 162 Spouses in the Baliaries prostituted at the Nuptial Feasts to all the Guests 183 r. 207 Suatues 168 r. 192 As if they were living Men ibid. Stratagems Mock-Elephants made by Semiramis 62 r. 73 Stymphalia the devouring Birds of Stymphalick Lake destroy'd by Herculess 133 r. 154 T. Tantalus his History in short 167 r. 191 Taprobana a Description of the Island and of the Inhabitants and their Manners 90 97 98 99 r. 81 82 c. Thebes in Egypt built by Osiris 6 r. 9 Thebans in Greece their War with the Argives 162 c. r. 186 187. Theseus his Original Acts Wives c. 159 c. r. 182 183 Thespiadae their Original 142 r. 163 Driven out of Sardinia settle about Cuma 182 r. 206 Titans in Africa 113 r. 133 Assist Saturn 116 r. 136 Are rooted out by Bacchus 123 r. 144 The Titans in Crete their Parents Sisters c. 204 205 r. 231 Troglodites their Manners 18 98 99 100 r. 115 117 120 Troy taken by Hercules 143 144 r. 165 166 175 The Pedigree of the Kings 167 168 r. 191 Typhon the Giant in Phrygia 127 r. 234 Trees how Sinnis destroy'd Men by binding Trees together r. 182 Them that sleep in Trees 159 r. 183 V. Uchoreus King of Egypt built Memphis 26 r. 32 33 Venus the Daughter of Saturn 5 r. 9 Her Office 208 r. 234 Her several Names 211 r. 237 Her magnificent Temple in Sicily 172 r. 196 Vesuvius Mount Vesuvius in Campania vomits Fire 138 r. 159 Virgin a monstrous Virgin in Scythia 76 r. 89 Vulcan the Inventer of Fire 5 r. 8 Where he is worshipp'd 209 r. 235 W. Writing from the top of the Leaf downward in Tapribana 83 r. 98 Wine made of Barley found out by Osiris 8 r. 10 X. Xerxes his innumerable Army 56 r. 66 Y. Years an Account of the Egyptian Year 26 r. 32 The Greeks Great Year 78 r. 92 The Lunar Year of 30 Days 12 r. 15 The Year of 4 Months ibid. Z. Zythus a Drink of Barley 127 r. 147 A TABLE OF The Principal Matters In the Last Ten BOOKS of Diodorus the Sicilian Containing his MYTHOLOGIES Note The First Figures of this Table refer to the Pages of this Book and the Last Figures with r. before them refer to the Pages of Rhodomannus's Edition plac'd in the Margin of this Book A. A Gathocles his Butcheries in Sicily 687 r. 770 Abderites almost all cut off by the Treballians 423 r. 476 Deliver'd by Chabrias ibid. Acarnanians their
War with the Ambrociats 287 r. 317 Achaians assist Phayllus 494 r. 529 Demetrius restores Liberty to their Cities 494 r. 786 Acimnestus his unfortunate aspiring to the Government at Enna 364 r. 402 Agrigentines their War with the Syracusians and their Rout 243 r. 269 Ada Princess of Caria Restor'd by Alexander the Great 531 r. 574 Adranum in Sicily built 375 r. 416 Aeacides King of Epirus endeavours to restore his Sister Olympias to the Kingdom of Macedon 612 r. 676 But in Vain 624 r. 690 Is expell'd his Kingdom ibid. Restor'd and afterwards kill'd in a Battel 642 r. 712 Aegestines their War with the Lilybaeans 259 r. 286 With the Selinuntians 297 r. 328 Burn the Tents of Dionysius 382 r. 425 The Cruelties Executed upon them by Agathocles 686 r. 769 Aegesta wholly Destroy'd and Raz'd 687 r. 770 Aegineans are Subdu'd by the Athenians 256 r. 283 Expell'd by the Athenians 281 r. 309 Aegium taken and raz'd by Aristodemus 637 r. 707 Aegppt their Defection from the Persians 252 r. 279 The two Persian Expeditions against them 254 255 r. 280 281 282 They assist Evagoras against Artaxerxes Mnemon 410 r. 460 King Acovis leagues with Gaius against the Perseans 413 462 King Tachus his War with Artaxerxes 473 r. 504 They revolt from Tachus and Tachus restor'd by Agesilaus 474 r. 506 Revolt from Artaxerxes Ocus 496 r. 531 Gain'd by Alexander M. 542 r. 588 Ptolemys Province 591 r. 628 648 Aequi Conquer'd by the Romans 289 r. 319 786 Aetna the City Aetna first call'd Eunesia 254 r. 281 Aetolians overcome the Athenians and Besieg'd Naupactus in vain 287 r. 317 Rebell against Alexander the Great 522 r. 563 Oppose Alexander's Edict 577 r. 632 Their War with Antipater 584 r. 641 Their Treachery against the Agrineans 638 r. 708 Africa dry and full of Serpents 674 r. 754 The Africans rebell against the Carthaginians 391 r. 437 Divided into four Sorts 681 r. 762 Agathocles his Original Increase and Cruelty 607 r. 670 Becomes King 610 r. 673 His Cruelty at Gela 655 r. 739 His Fight with the Carthaginians at Ecnomus unsuccessfull 655 r. 729 His Preparations for an Expedition into Africa 658 r. 734 Burns his Ships in Africa Beats the Africans 660 c. r. 738 739 740 His further Acts there 670 r. 749 r. 750 752 His treachery against Ophellas 673 c. r. 753 754 Takes Utica 680 r. 761 Flies back into Sicily 681 r. 762 His Acts there 682 683 c. r. 764 r. 765 766 Returns into Africa and is worsted by the Africans 685 r. 767 A mutiny in his Camp ibid. Flies out of Africa his Sons murder'd and his Army dispers'd and all made Slaves 686 687 r. 769 His Cruelty upon the Aegestines 687 r. 769 And the Syracusians idid His Sacrilege and Death 699 r. 785 Agesilaus General against the Persians 392 r. 438 His Praise 421 r. 473 His Acts in Egyyt 474 475 r. 505 506 His Death 475 r. 506 Agis King of Lacedemon 277 r. 306 Accus'd for making Peace wiuh the Argives 295 r. 326 His Valour at the Battel of Mantinea 295 r. 326 General against Antipater 547 r. 595 His Heroical Death ibid. Agrigentines overcome by the Syracusians 243 r. 269 A famous Pond there and other Works 228 r. 256 Their ancient Grandeur 340 r. 374 Besieg'd 341 r. 377 The Miserable destruction of the City 343 r. 379 They afterwards seek to free all the Cities of Sicily 670 681 r. 748 762 Agrinium a City of Acarnania the Cities put to the Sword by the Aetolians against terms agreed 638 r. 708 Alcetas Brother of Perdiccas overcome by Antigonus 593 r. 651 Betray'd by the Pisidians kills himself 594 r. 652 Alcibiades sent by the Athenians to Argos against the Lacedemonians 296 r. 327 His Praise 297 r. 329 Accus'd to be the â—â—thor cutting off the Nead of Mercury's Statues 301 r. 332 Is Condemn'd in his absence 301 r. 333 Flies to Sparta ibid. Restor'd to favour of the People 333 r. 367 368 Banishes himself 336 r. 370 Treacherously murder'd by Pharnabazus 362 r. 400 Alesa built by Archonides in Sicily 364 r. 403 Alexander the Son of Amyntas King of Macedon 433 r. 488 His Acts against Alexander Phereus 434 r. 489 Kill'd by Ptolemy Alorites 478 r. 510 Alexander M. a short History of him 521 r. 562 The Fight at Chaeronea 516 r. 555 His besieging and razing of Thebes 524 527 r. 568 His design against Persia his Passage into Asia and mustering of his Army 528 r. 570 The Battel at Granicum 529 r. 571 r. 572 573 His Acts in the lesser Asia 529 530 r. 574 576 His desperate Sickness 534 r. 578 The Battel at Issus 535 r. 579 Besieges Tyre 538 r. 583 Takes Gaza 541 r. 588 Gains Egypt ibid. Goes to Jupiter Hammon's Temple 542 r. 589 The Battel at Arbela 546 r. 591 Enters Susa 551 r. 598 His kindness to the Greeks maim'd by the Persians 550 r. 597 Persepolis burnt by him 552 r. 599 Thalestris Queen of the Amazons 554 r. 603 His other Acts in Persia 555 556 c r. 604 605 606 His Expedition into India 558 r. 608 His Acts there 560 c. r. 610 612 613 His War with the Oxydracans 563 r. 613 His desperate Case and Hazard there ibid. Marries Statira 567 r. 619 Enters into Babylon 570 r. 622 Prodigies before his Death 572 r. 624 His Intemperance Sickness and Death ibid. The Division of his Conquests among his Captains 574 591 r. 628 648 A Description of his Funeral Charriot 586 r. 642 The Captains join with Eumenes and presently fall from him 617 r. 682 The magnificent Feast of the Captains and Great Commanders in Persia 617 r. 682 The third division of the Provinces 628 r. 696 All the Captains join against Antigonus 633 r. 701 Great Captains take upon them the Stile of Kings 654 680 r. 728 761 Alexander King of Epirus 510 r. 548 Alexander Son of Alexander the Great together with his Mother murder'd by Cassander 654 r. 728 The Family of Alexander the Great Extinct 672 r. 752 Alexandria in Egypt built by Alexander the Great 543 r. 589 Another beyond Caucasus 568 r. 606 Another in India 556 r. 617 Alexander Pheraeus his War with the Thessalians and Macedonians 434 438 r. 489 494 His Cruelty 440 a. 466 His other Acts 442 475 r. 499 507 Is murder'd by his Wife 483 r. 517 Alexander Polysperchon his Acts 602 623 632 636 c. r. 662 689 700 706 c. Amazons the Queen lies with Alexander the Great r. 663 Amilcar the Carthaginian General besieges Himera 226 r. 253 His Death 227 r. 254 Amilcar the Carthaginian General against Agathocles 654 r. 728 Is taken attempting to surprize Syracuse in the night and his Punishment 669 r. 747 748 Amhictyons their decrees against the Spartans 491 r. 525 Against the Phocians 505 r. 542 Amphipolis an Athenian Colony their Slaughters 252 276 r. 278 304 279 Their various Changes 290 r. 321
Amyntas King of Macedon 283 r. 312 Driven out of his Kingdom 397 r. 444 His War with the Olynthians 416 r. 467 His Death 433 r. 488 Andromachus the builder of Tauromenium in Sicily 480 r. 513 Antigenes Colonel of the Argyraspides 601 r. 661 Burnt alive by Antigonus 626 r. 694 Antigonus his share in the Provinces 574 r. 628 Most Active of all Alexanders Captains 584 r. 640 Joins with others against Perdiccas ibid. His first Expedition against Eumenes 591 r. 649 His other Acts 592 593 c. r. 650 r. 651 654 655 656 661 666 His second Expedition against Eumenes 605 614 615 r 666 679 680 His other Expedition against Eumenes 618 r. 683 A Battel between him and Eumenes 620 r. 686 His last Battel with Eumenes and his Victory 626 r. 693 He robs the Treasuries at Susa 629 r. 697 His Quarrel with Seleucus 633 r. 701 Besieges Tyre and takes it 635 r. 704 His other Acts 639 641 643 648 r. 709 712 714 720 His Expedition against the Nabathaeans 649 r. 722 Builds Antigonia 677 r. 758 His Expedition into Egypt unsuccessfull 688 r. 770 His War with the Rhodians 690 r. 774 Antipater Macedonia alotted to him 574 r. 628 The Lamian War with the Athenians 578 r. 633 Conquers the Athenians and changes their Government 581 r. 637 Aorni the Rocks of Aornus described 558 r. 607 Apes the Indian Apes 610 r. 562 Worship'd in Africa 635 r. 704 Apollonides forc'd to abdicate the Government of Agrigentum by Timoleon 514 r. 553 Apollo the besieged Tyrians bind Apollo in Golden Chains 541 r. 587 Alexander M. releases him ibid. Apology Eumenes his story or parable of the Lyon wooing a Virgin 618 r. 684 Apothegms of Agesilaus 448 r. 506 Of Alcibiades 277 544 r. 306 591 Of Antipater 612 r. 676 Of the Athenians to Mardonius 230 r. 257 To them that fled from the Battel at Syracuse 307 r. 339 Of the Mother of Brasidias 293 r. 324 Of Callicratides 348 r. 384 Of Charonidas 270 r. 299 Of Demades 516 r. 555 Of Demaratus 218 r. 245 Of Diomedon 360 r 386 Of Dionysius 479 r. 512 His Apothegmatick Letter to the sacrilegious Athenians 504 r. 541 Of Dionysius his Friends in perswading him not to leave the Government 689 r. 773 Of Epaminondas 430 445 618 r. 485 503 684 Of Gellias 340 r. 375 Of the Greeks 216 r. 243 Of Heloris 360 r. 399 Of Hephestion 571 r. 623 Of Hermocrates 519 r. 559 Of the Lacedemonian Ambassadors 288 r. 318 Of Leonidas 217 r. 244 245 Of Megaclis 689 r. 773 Of Myronidas 257 r. 284 Of Pharnabazus 425 r. 478 Of Philoxenus of Dionysius his Verses 411 r. 461 Of Proxenus 369 r. 409 Of Ptolemy 647 r. 718 Of Socrates the General of Cyrus 369 r. 410 Of Sophilus 368 r. 409 Of Thessalion 497 r. 533 Of Thrasibulus to the 30 Tyrants 373 r. 414 Appius Claudius his Works 672 r 571 Arbela the Battel at Arbela by Alexander with Darius 545 548 r. 592 596 Arcadians their Sedition and War with the Exiles and Lacedemonians r. 488 Their other Acts 434 436 443 524 r. 489 492 500 563 Their other War with the Lacedemonians and Rout 410 r. 459 Their War with the Eleans 440 r. 497 Archenactidae Kings of the Cimmerian Bosphorus 275 r. 303 Archagathus Son of Agathocles kills Lyciscus in Africa 670 r. 749 The Mutiny that arose thereupon ibid. Against Agathocles 684 r. 768 Archagathus kill'd by the Souldiers with his Brother 686 r. 769 Archelaus King of Macedon 323 r. 356 His Death 374 r. 416 Archidamus King of his Prudence in the Earthquake and the War 248 r. 274 His Acts 280 282 284 r. 308 311 313 Archidamus Son of Agesilaus his Acts 488 508 r. 523 545 Archeus King of Macedonia 397 474 r. 444 550 Arginusae 348 r. 384 The Sea-Fight at the Islands of Arginusae between the Athenians and the Spartans ibid. Argivi their War with the Mycenians 249 r. 275 With the Lacedemonians 319 r. 352 The lamentable Sedition at Argos 296 r. 327 Another dreadful Sedition at Argos call'd the Scytalisme 432 r. 487 Another War with the Lacedemonians 493 r. 528 Another Sedition 635 r. 705 Argyraspides their age and Valour 625 626 r. 693 694 Their treachery towards Eumenes and their just Punishment 628 629 r. 696 697 Aristides the Athenian General at Platea against Mardonius 231 r. 258 His eminent Justice 239 r 266 Aristophanes his Verses of Pericles 274 r. 307 Aristotiles the Philosopher one of the Learnedst Grecians 263 r. 291 Armenia r. 330 The Snowy Mountains the danger of the Grecians there 370 r. 411 Arridaeus made King in the room of Alexander M. is murder'd by Olympias 612 r. 676 His royal Burial 630 r. 699 Arses King of Persia murder'd by Bagoas together with his Children 603 r. 564 Artabanus murders Xerxes 251 r. 278 Is kill'd upon his Attempt to murder Artaxerxes ibid. Artabazus the Persian General against Datames 447 r. 505 Rebels against the Persian King 462 r. 527 Is restor'd to the Kings favour by Mentor 502 r. 538 Artaxerxes succeeds Xerxes 251 r. 278 His War with the Egyptians 253 c. r. 280 281 282 With the Athenians at Cyprus 265 r. 292 His other Acts 266 r. 293 His Peace with the Lacedemonians 273 r. 301 His Death 289 r. 319 Artaxerxes II. Mnemon succeeded Darius the second 353 r. 389 His War with the King of Egypt and the Grecians 446 r. 504 War with his Brother Cyrus 365 367 368 r. 405 407 408 His War with Evagoras 399 410 r. 447 459 His Death 482 r. 506 Asia the Description 575 r. 629 Astrology Meton's Circle of 19 years call'd Enneadeceterides 277 r. 305 Asphaltes the Lake Asphaltes 651 r. 724 The Description of Pitch and how it 's gather'd 652 r. 725 Atalanta Vid. Island Athenians their City burnt by Xerxes 223 r. 250 Their Walls rebuilt by the Policy of Themistocles 236 r. 263 Gain the Dominion of the Sea 239 r. 266 Aid the Rebels in Egypt and overcome the Persians 252 253 r. 279 280 Their War with the Corinthians and Egeans 253 255 r. 282 283 Their remarkable Victory at Tanagra over the Thebans 257 r. 284 Their flourishing Condition after the War with Xerxes 263 264 r. 291 292 The Peloponnesian War 277 r. 305 c. Their Expedition into Sicily 284 285 r. 313 314 Their Fight and Rout in the Battel with the Beotians 290 r. 321 Their Expedition into Thrace against Brasidias 292 r. 323 Their Cruelty with the Scyonians ibid. Their second Expedition into Sicily 300 227 r. 328 332 They besiege Syracuse 302 r. 334 Their Victory at Sea 303 r. 335 Beaten at Sea 307 r. 339 Their Ruin in Sicily 307 r. 340 And their misery there 314 r. 347 The Government of 400 in Athens 315 r. 348 Are overcome by the Lacedemonians ibid. Their Victory against Callicratides 349 r. 385 Their unjust Judgment against their Captains 350 r. 386 Their Ruin at Egos Potamos 352
Lamian War 578 r. 633 Elis Conquer'd by Telephorus 648 r. 719 Epaminondas his Praise 424 r. 477 The Theban General 430 r. 484 His Valour in the Battel at Leuctra 435 r. 490 Rebuilds Messina 435 r. 491 Besieges Corinth 436 r. 493 Preserves the Army 437 r. 494 His Acts in Peloponnesus His other Acts 441 443 362 r. 498 500 401 His Valour at Mantinea and Deaths wound 445 r. 503 Was a Pythagorean and Fellow-Schollar with Philip King of Macedon 477 r. 510 Regardless of Auguries 430 r. 484 485 His Sayings at the time he lay a dying 445 r. 503 Ephori the Great Court at Sparta that over-ruled the Kings 639 r. 709 Epidamnus The sedition there 275 r. 303 Evagoras endeavors to recover all Cyprus 399 r. 447 His War with Artaxerxes 411 r. 460 Kill'd by Nieucoles 428 r. 482 Euboea Subdu'd by Xerxes 222 r. 249 The intestine War 480 r. 513 Eumelus King of Bosphoros his War with his Brother for the Kingdom 665 r. 743 Overcomes his Brother Prytanis 667 r. 744 Kill'd by his Horses running away with his Chariot 667 r. 745 Eumenes Governor of Cappadocia 581 r. 635 His Expedition against Antipater 587 r. 643 His Battel with Craterus and Neoptolemus and Victory 587 r. 644 Is overcome by Antigonus and besieg'd 591 r. 649 His Exercise of his Horses in the Siege 589 r. 649 His various Fortunes 596 r. 655 His other Acts 598 c. r. 653 659 His danger at Euphrates 604 r. 667 His Expedition against Seleucus 612 r. 677 His danger at Tigris ibid. His other Acts 613 614 616 617 c. r. 678 680 682 683 c. His last Battel with Antigonus 625 r. 693 Deliver'd up to Antigonus and put so death 626 r. 694 Euripides His death 351 r. 387 Eurydice The Wife of Archidaeus 590 r. 648 Hangs herself 612 r. 676 Eloquence See Gorgias F. Fabii Three Hundred of the Family kill'd together in one Battel 243 r. 269 Famine At Athens in a Siege 353 r. 389 At Rhegium 320 r. 353 At Pydna where Olympias was besieg'd 629 r. 697 Feast By Alexander M. before his Persian Expedition 527 r. 570 Fountain at the Temple of Jupiter Hammon of a Wonderful Nature 543 r. 589 Fortune hates the Proud and Cruel 308 r. 341 The wonderful Turns in Eumenes 5â—6 r. 655 In Agathocles 662 670 678 r. 739 749 759 In the Carthaginians 662 668 r. 739 746 Of a Gardner makes a King 541 r. 587 Funeral the sumptuous Funeral of Hephestion 571 r. 623 Far more pompous of Alexander M. 586 r. 642 Burnt with their dead Husbands in India 562 r. 610 A Contest between two Wives which should be burnt with the dead Husband 622 r. 689 G. Gauls Take Rome 406 r. 455 Are almost all cut of by Camillus 407 r. 456 Geloans they leave the City Gela and go to Syracuse 264 r. 292 Then to the Leontines 358 r. 397 Gela besieg'd by the Syracusians 609 r. 672 The Cruelty of Agathocles at Gela 655 r. 729 Gellias the Agragentine his Wealth Hospitality Beauty c. 340 r. 375 His Wine-Cellar 341 r. 376 His Death 343 r. 379 Gelo overcomes the Carthaginians at Himera 227 r. 253 His Praise ibid. His Victory and the Death of Leonidas fall out both on the same day 227 r. 255 Inriches Sicily with the Spoils of his Enemies ibid. His Death Burial c. 235 249 r. 262 276 God God defends the Greeks against Xerxes 222 r. 249 His Anger the Cause of all publick Calamities as Earthquakes c. 428 r. 482 His Revenge of Sacrilege 505 506 508 r. 542 543 545 Remarks of Divine Providence 508 514 r. 545 553 769 Gorgias the Leontine his Eloquence and invented Rhetorick 284 r. 313 Grecians their Assembly and Decree at the Isthmus against the Persians 216 r. 243 Their Valour at Thermopyle 219 r. 246 The Sea-Fight and Victory at Artemesia over the Persians 222 r. 249 At Salamis 223 r. 250 Their Expedition against Mardonis and their Fight with him 231 r. 258 The Grecian Auxiliaries against Artaxerxes for Cyrus his Brother are Victors 368 r. 408 The Grecian Captains that were prisoners all put to Death 369 r. 410 Their troublesome passage out of Persia back into their own Country 370 371 471 r. 411 412 413 The Grecian Cities confederate against the Lacedemonians in the Theban War 419 r. 471 The Grecians advis'd to Peace amongst themselves by Artaxerxes 438 r. 494 Peace after the Battel at Mantinea 446 r. 504 Their War at Lamia with Antipater 496 r. 631 Gylippus his severe Speech against the Athenian Prisoners in Sicily See Speech Gold the Sacred Hunger of Gold 492 r. 527 Rich Mines at Philippi 480 r. 514 Gulf a deep Gulf cover'd with Sand in Egypt 498 r. 534 H. Halicarnassus Taken by Alexander M. 531 532 r. 574 576 Hammon the Temple of Hammon 542 543 r. 588 589 Hannibal the Carthaginian General against the Syracusians 319 r. 352 Razes Selinunt 327 r. 361 Dies of the Plague 341 r. 377 Harpalas his Luxury and Rapes 569 r. 619 Helepolis an Engine of Battery us'd by Demetrius describ'd 677 694 r. 758 779 Helice and Bura two Cities drown'd 428 r. 482 Hephestion dies at Ecbatana His Funeral 623 r. 571 Hercules the ancient Hercules His Acts 557 564 r. 607 613 Hermocrates his Acts in Sicily 330 r. 364 Is slain ibid. Hicetas Prince of Syracuse ejected by Dionysius Junior 508 r. 545 Overcomes Dionysius is routed by Timoleon 509 511 r. 546 548 Hiero King of Syracuse 235 r. 262 His Acts 240 241 243 r. 267 268 269 Builds Catana 240 r. 267 Hilotes their War with Sparta 248 290 r. 274 320 Himera raz'd to the Ground by Hannibal 328 r. 362 Historians who are to be Blam'd and who Excusable 244 r. 380 Who end with the Battel at Mantinea 446 r. 504 Unpleasant when broken off with many Speeches 657 r. 733 The Profit of History 583 r. 639 Honey in Colchis makes Men mad 371 r. 412 Horses how exercis'd by Eumenes when he besieg'd in a strait Place See Exercise I. Japygians Overcome the Tarentines 241 r. 268 Jason the Pherean his Acts 420 432 433 r. 472 487 488 Ida the Mountain Ida describ'd 524 r. 565 The Wonders there ibid. Illyrians Overcome the Macedonians 478 r. 510 Conquer'd by Philip 479 486 r. 512 522 Imilco the Carthaginian General in Sicily his Acts 380 382 383 r. 423 426 427 His Sacrileges 385 r. 430 Looses his Fleet Army c. 391 r. 436 His extream Misery in his own Country ibid. Dies for want ibid. Isaurians burn themselves in Pisidia 584. 640 India the Description 576 r. 630 By a Law among the Indians the Wives burn themselves with their dead Husbands 622 r. 688 Inundations fearful Inundations in Peloponnesus 428 r. 482 And in other Parts of Greece 286 r. 316 At Rhodes 627 r. 695 Iphicrates the Athenian General in Egypt 425 r. 478 His Acts in Egypt 426 r. 479 His other Acts 397 435 486
21. s 3 4. 74â— Sent to Seleucus to have Demetrius kill'd s 10. 749 Lucius Asellius a prudent Governor of Sicily his praises l 36. s 8 9. 776 M. Mynderidyes the Syberite his state and grandeur l 6. s 19. 743 Myso one of the seven wise Men l 6. s 25. 744 Messina the Citizens murder'd by the Mamertines received as Friends l 21. s 9. 749 Metellus Quintus Son of Metellus his great love to his Father and care to have him restor'd from banishment l 36. s 3. 775 Mucius Scaevola see Scevola 776 Mithridates his Clemency towards the Roman Soldiers and his successes in Asia l 37. s 5 6. 777 His War with the Rhodians ib. 778 N. Numa Pompilius l 6. s 17. 743 Nearchus the Tyrant of Elis how he was us'd by Zeno see Zeno 747 Nabis King of Lacedemon his murder of Pelops the Son of Lycurgus and his other Cruelties l 26. s 12. 754 P. Paulus Emilius his praise l 26. s 42 57 61. 758 His death and praise l 26. s 61. 760 Pittachus one of the seven wise Men l 6. s 27 28. 744 Pleminius King of Thrace his beastly Cruelties l 26. s 14. 754 Polychares see Eucephnus 742 Pythagoras l 6. s 36. 745 The 〈…〉 dness of the Pythagorians one to another l 6. s 37. Other matters concerning them l 6. s 38 39 40 41 42. Polycrates King of Samos his cruelty towards the Lydians that fled to him l 6. s 54. 747 Pyrrhus plundered Egeas in Macedonia his Soldiers rifl'd the Sepulchres of the former Kings l 22. s 6. 750 Proserpina her Temple robb'd by Pleminius the Roman Governor of Locris l 26. s 14. 754 The effect of it ibid. Philip King of Macedon his Acts l 26. s 21 22 23 24 25. 756 Perseus Son of Philip King of Macedon procures his Brother Demetrius to be murder'd by his Father See Demetrius 758 His Cruelty s 46. 759 His other Acts s 56 58. His Covetousness s 59. 760 Ptolemy Philometer driven out of his Kingdom fled to Rome l 26. s 70. 762 Met kindly by Demetrius ibid. Prusias King of Bythinnia robb'd the Temple of Pergamus l 26. s 81. 764 The punishment of his Army both by Sea and Land ibid. Hated by his Subjects l 26. s 90. 766 Philip Father of Alexander his Acts l 26. s 83. 765 Pumpeius Quintus his Acts at the Siege of Lagnetum l 26. s 106. 769 Ptolemy Phiscon his cruelty to his Wife and Sister Cleopatra in murdering her and his Son Memphites l 26. s 103. 768 Pompaedius General of the Martians his rash design to beset the Senate-house with 10 Thousand Men l 37. s 1. 734 Diswaded by Caius Domitius ibid. Pompeius Cn. the Great his Commendation l 37. s 14 18. 779 Poscriptions in Rome an Instance of a remarkable Example in the punishment of one that gloried over others and at last read his own name in the List l 37. s 17. 778 R. Romulus Silvius kill'd by a Thunderbolt l 6. s 9. 742 Romulus and Remus l 6. s 13. ibid. Rhegium the People there all kill'd by Decius and his Garrison of Campanians l 22. s 1. 750 Romans their Clemency towards the Conquer'd l 26. s 62. 760 The degeneration of their Manners l â—6 s 4. 775 S. Sylla his Commondation l 37. s 〈◊〉 777 The murders and slaughters in Rome by Syllâ— l 37. s 8 16. 778 780 Robb'd the Temples to carry on the War in Italy s 10. 779 Salmoneus defied Jupiter l 6. s 4. 741 Syberites their Luxury l 6. s 19. 743 Solon l 6. s 24. 744 Servius Tullius his Praise reigned 44 years l 6. s 35. 745 Sicily P. Clodius his Acts in Sicily l 24. s 1. 752 Hieronymus King of Sicily murder'd by his Subjects l 26. s 7. 754 The Servile War l 34. s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11. 770 The Cruelty of the slaves l 36. s 1. 775 Scipio his humanity to Syphax King of Numidia his prisoner and his other Acts l 26 s 15 16 17 18 19 20 755 His Praise Scipio the Son of Paulus Aemilius his Praise and noble Acts l 26. s 76. 763 Scipio Africanus his faithfullness in his performance of Articles with his Enemies l 26. s 85. 765 Takes Carthage and restor'd the Phalerian Bull and other things to the Sicilians l 26. s 91. 766 Scipio Nasica his Commendation l 34. s 24. 773 Scaevola his Virtues l 36. s 5 6 7. 676 T. Thessalus abdicated the Government of Athens Tiberius Gracchus his Praise l 34. s 10. 772 V. Viriathus General in Spain against the Romans his Justice in dividing the Spoil wheen he was Captain of the Robbers l 26. s 93. 766 His Contempt of Wealth s 99. 767 His Death and Burial s 108. 769 W. War the Mercenary War with the Carthaginians l 25 s 1 2 3 4. 752 The Servile War in Sicily See Sicily 77â— Z. Zâ—no how he us'd the Tyrant Nearchus when he was upon the Back l 6. s 47. 747 The FRAGMENTS out of the Lost Histories of Diodorus the Sicilian Publish'd by F. Vrsinus A. A Chaians refus'd the Gift of Eumenes s 13. Page 779 Accept Seleucus's Present ibid. Aetolians in great Fear s 5. 783 Their fruitless Embassy s 8. ibid. Albans and Romans became Enemies to one another s 1. 783 Ambassadors come from Rome to Rhodes s 29. 779 Ambassadors come to Rome from all parts s 20. 780 Antiochus the Great s 6. 783 Rejects Scipio's Advice s 7. ibid. Freed from War s 9. ibid Ariarathes commended by the Senate s 24. ibid. Arradians s 29. 773 Asia Princes of Asia fast Friends to the Romans s 14. 782 B. Bocchus King of Lybia s 33. 782 Sends Commissioners to Marius to crave Pardon for his Crimes ibid. Seizes Jugurtha and delivers him bound and by that means bought his safety ibid C. Caria assigned to the Rhodians s 10. 779 Carthaginians deliver themselves and Countrey to the Romans s 27. 780 They are in great Consternation ibid. Celtiberians treat for Peace s 26. ibid. Cretians declared Friends to the Senate s 35 783 They are commanded to send in all their Ships ibid. Are divided about it and stir up the People to sedition ibid. D. Demetrius sends the Senate a Crown of great Value s 25. 780 E. Egypt an Excellent Countrey s 32. 782 Eumenes presented with an Ivory Charriot s 16. 779 F. Flamininus sent to Rome discharges the Italian Servants s 3. 782 He treats with Antiochus his Ambassador s 4. ibid. G. Gallatians or Gallogreeks send Ambassadors to treat for Peace and are refus'd s 11. 779 H. Heraclides sent to Treat about a Peace s 6. 783 I. Jugurtha sent for and seized s 33. 782 M. Marathum deliver'd up s 28. 773 Mark Anthony makes Peace with the Cretians s 35 783 Mi 〈…〉 idates endeavours to corrupt the Senate s 34. 782 N. Numantines treat with the Romans for a Peace s 3. 773 They renew the War with the Romans ibid. P. Perseus War decreed against him by the Senate s 17. 779 Commanded to mend his manners s 15 779 Philip freed from Tribute and his Son Demetrius discharg'd s 4 783 Prusias his base and shameful Catriage s 22. 780 Ptolemy endeavours to gain Caelo-Syria s 18. ibid. Ptolemy the Elder his Ambassadors rejected f 23 780 Ptolemy the younger in favour with the Senate ibid. Ptolemy Euergetes meets the Ambassadors in Pomp and State s 32. 782 Shews them his Palace and Treasure ibid. R. Rhodians exceedingly afraid s 19 779 Deliver'd from their Fears 780 Romans jealous of Eumenes s 21 780 Roman Ambassadors slight Ptolemy's Rarities and fins Things s 32. 782 Admire the Populousness and Situation of his Country ibid. Travel through the World ibid. Return highly applauded ibid. S. Saturnius after condemn'd to die rescued by the People and declared Tribune s 34. 782 Scipio and his Delegates highly applauded s 32. 782 T. Termisian Ambassadors s 30. 773 Tryphon of a private Man made King s 31. 773 FINIS
Mens Estates Eurystheus began to fear lest when they were all grown up he should be ejected out of the Kingdom of Micaena Therefore he resolv'd to expel the Heraclides out of all parts of Greece To this end he requir'd Ceyces to banish the Heraclides and the Posterity of Licymnius together with Iolaus and the Arcadian Regiments that assisted Hercules in his Expeditions out of his Dominions and threatned him that if he did not he would proclaim War against him Hereupon the Heraclides and their Friends considering they were not able to contend with him resolv'd to fly from Trachine of their own accord Making therefore away to other Cities more wealthy and considerable they desir'd Residence amongst them But none durst receive them but the Athenians who out of their natural Generosity entertain'd them and gave them and their Friends Habitations in Tricorynthus which is one of the * The other Three Cities are Oenon Probatintum and Marathon Four Cities of that part of Attica call'd Tetrapolis After some time when all the Heraclides were attain'd to Mens Estates and their Spirits were rais'd up upon the account of the glory of their Father Euristheus jealous of their growing Interest led a strong Army against them But the Heraclides assisted by the Athenians having committed themselves to the care of Iolaus Hercules his Brother's Son who together with Theseus and Hyllus commanded the Forces fought Eurystheus and routed his Army and cut off a great part of them and Euristheus himself his Chariot breaking in pieces in his Flight was kill'd by Hyllus the Son of Hercules and all the Sons of Eurystheus fell in this Battel The Heraclides having obtain'd so remarkable a Victory over Eurystheus and their prosperous Success now advancing the number of their Forces they invaded Peloponesus under their General Hyllus One Atreus at that time after the Death of Eurystheus had obtain'd the Kingdom of Mycaena and being join'd with the Tegeans and some other Confederates marcht out against the Heraclidae Both Armies met in the Isthmos and there Hyllus challeng'd any one This Atreus was Uncle to Eurystheus that is Brother of Assidamia the Mother of Euristheus He was the Son of Pelops and Father of Agamemnon Vid. Thy. lib. 1. P. 182. of the Enemy to fight him singly upon condition that if he overcame the other the Kingdom of Euristheus should be given up to the Heraclidae but if he himself were kill'd that then the Heraclidae should not return into Peloponesus within the space of Fifty Years Whereupon Echemus King of the Tegeans enter'd the List and fought with Hyllus who was slain in the Combat The Heraclidae thereupon in performance of the Agreement made no further Attempt to enter Peloponesus but return'd to Trycorinthus Afterwards Licymnius with his Children and Tlepolemus the Son of Hercules by the consent of the Citizens took up their Residence and dwelt in Argos the rest continu'd in Tricorynthus till the Fifty Years were expir'd and then they return'd into Peloponesus whose Acts we shall set forth when we come to those Times Alchmena in the mean time came to Thebes and a little time after vanish'd away so that she was worshipt by the Thebans as a Goddess The rest of the Heraclidae they say apply'd themselves to Aeginius the Son of Dorus who restor'd them to their Father's Kingdom with which he was intrusted by Hercules and so setled themselves among the Doreans But they say that Tlepolemus the Son of Hercules who resided in Argos was forc'd to fly thence to Rhodes for the Killing of Licymnius the Son of Electryo upon some falling out that was between them The Island was then inhabited by the Hellenes a Colony brought thither by Triopas the Son of Phorbas Tlepolemus divided Rhodes together with its Inhabitants into Three equal Parts and built there Three Cities Lyndus Jalysus and Camirus becoming King of the Rhodians upon the account of the renow'd Actions of his Father he afterwards assisted Agamemnon at the Siege of Troy CHAP. IV. The Acts of Theseus The Minotaur in Crete Androgeus the Son of Minos murther'd by Egeus Ariadna Daughter of Minos in love with Theseus Ariadna's Crown Aegeus King of Athens kills himself Theseus's Death The War of Thebes by the Seven Captains The Epigoni renew the War The Pedigrees of the Heroes at Troy Of the Centaurs and Lapithae The Pedigrees of Aesculapius Aeacus Ajax Pelops Tantalus Oenomeus Dardanus's Posterity to Priam King of Troy SInce we have spoken of Hercules and his Posterity it remains that we say something of Theseus because he seem'd to imitate Hercules in his brave and noble Actions Theseus was Cotemporary with Hercules An. Mun. 2720 to 2745. He was the Son of Aethra the Daughter of Pittheus by * Aegeus Plut. judg'd by Neptune till his Father was known Plut. Neptune and brought up in Traezena with Pittheus his Mothers Father Having afterwards found as is reported the †A Sword and a Pair of Shooes See Plut. Thesius Tokens hid under a Stone by Aegeus he resolv'd to go to Athens As he travell'd along the Sea-Coasts in the Isthmos his Mind was full of Thoughts how to imitate the Valour of Hercules and to perform some glorious and honourable Enterprizes 1. First therefore he kill'd Corynetes who us'd to carry a Club call'd Coryne which he us'd as defensive Arms and with the same Weapon knockt all Passengers and Travellers on the Head 2. Then next he slew Sinnis who haunted the Isthmos and us'd to bend down Two Pine-Trees one to meet another and He was call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Bender of Pines Plut. Thesers bind one Arm to one of the Trees and another to the other of such as he took passing that way and when he had done then to let them spring up on a suddain which by their force and violence so rent in Pieces the Bodies of the poor Miserable Creatures that they dy'd in most horrid pain and torment 3. The Third thing remarkable that he did was the Killing of the Crommyonion Sow a most vast and fierce Creature which destroy'd many 4. The Fourth was the Killing of Sciron who lay lurking amongst the Rocks call'd from him the Scyronian Rocks His manner was that he would force Passengers to wash his Feet upon the top of a steep Rock and then kick them down head-long into the Sea near Chelone 5. Next he slew Cercyon at Eleusina who kill'd all that he overcame in Wrestling 6. Afterwards he kill'd one Procrustes who resided in Corydallus in Attica His Custom was to force all that past that way to lye down upon a Bed and if they were longer than it to cut off so much of their Legs as reacht beyond the Bed if they were shorter then he wrackt and stretcht out their Limbs till they reacht the full length thence he was nam'd * Procrustes †A Tormentor Having perform'd these notable Exploits he came to Athens and