touch_v the_o repeal_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la by_o king_n edw._n 2_o and_o the_o remit_v all_o of_o divers_a imposition_n by_o king_n edw._n 3_o upon_o sundry_a petition_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o divers_a person_n in_o parliament_n for_o procure_v imposition_n to_o be_v set_v up_o 106_o chap._n xxvii_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o three_o objection_n 110_o chap._n xxviii_o the_o four_o objection_n that_o the_o prerogative_n be_v bind_v or_o take_v away_o by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n 129_o chap._n xxix_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o four_o objection_n 131_o chap._n xxx_o the_o five_o objection_n that_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n be_v never_o take_v but_o when_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o parliament_n 140_o chap._n xxxi_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o five_o objection_n 141_o chap._n xxxii_o the_o conclusion_n 146_o chap._n xxxiii_o a_o comparison_n of_o the_o imposition_n set_v and_o take_v in_o england_n by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n with_o the_o exception_n and_o gabelle_n in_o foreign_a state_n and_o kingdom_n whereby_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n do_v not_o bear_v so_o heavy_a a_o burden_n by_o many_o degree_n as_o the_o subject_n of_o other_o nation_n do_v bear_v in_o this_o kind_n 147_o a_o argument_n up_o on_o the_o question_n of_o imposition_n digest_v and_o divide_v into_o sundry_a chapter_n by_o one_o of_o his_o majesty_n learned_a counsel_n in_o ireland_n chap._n i._n the_o exposition_n and_o meaning_n of_o certain_a word_n which_o do_v show_v the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o question_n the_o question_n itself_o be_v no_o more_o than_o this_o whether_o the_o imposition_n which_o the_o king_n â—f_fw-mi england_n have_v lay_v and_o levy_v upon_o merchandise_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n only_o without_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v lawful_a or_o warrant_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n by_o the_o word_n imposition_n we_o mean_v only_o such_o rate_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o the_o king_n by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n or_o ireland_n have_v set_v upon_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v and_o command_v the_o same_o to_o be_v pay_v and_o levy_v to_o his_o majesty_n use_n over_o and_o above_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n former_o due_a and_o payable_a for_o the_o same_o merchandize_n by_o the_o word_n merchandize_n we_o mean_v only_o such_o good_n or_o merchandize_n as_o be_v transport_v over_o the_o sea_n from_o one_o realm_n or_o dominion_n unto_o another_o to_o be_v sell_v or_o exchange_v for_o reasonable_a gain_n or_o profit_n for_o upon_o the_o ingate_n or_o outgate_n of_o commodity_n so_o cross_v the_o sea_n only_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n for_o merchandize_n be_v pay_v and_o take_v and_o not_o for_o any_o commodity_n carry_v too_o and_o fro_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n within_o one_o and_o the_o same_o realm_n and_o dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n we_o understand_v not_o only_o our_o customary_a common_a law_n and_o our_o statute_n of_o england_n which_o be_v native_a and_o peculiar_a to_o our_o nation_n only_o but_o such_o other_o law_n also_o as_o be_v common_a to_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o we_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o use_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n by_o the_o king_n and_o people_n of_o england_n in_o divers_a case_n and_o by_o such_o ancient_a usage_n be_v become_v the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o such_o case_n namely_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o law-merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n the_o imperial_a or_o civil_a law_n the_o common_a or_o ecclesiastical_a law_n every_o of_o which_o law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o same_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o use_v in_o england_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n may_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o england_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la and_o the_o force_n thereof_o in_o all_o kingdom_n that_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v a_o principal_a subject_n of_o that_o law_n and_o that_o it_o give_v power_n unto_o all_o king_n to_o take_v custom_n and_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v many_o prerogative_n annex_v to_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n of_o which_o our_o common_a law_n take_v notice_n and_o do_v admit_v and_o approve_v the_o same_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la or_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v of_o equal_a force_n in_o all_o kingdom_n for_o all_o kingdom_n have_v their_o beginning_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n therefore_o it_o stand_v with_o good_a reason_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n and_o of_o like_a force_n in_o all_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n in_o the_o realm_n subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n also_o be_v in_o force_n in_o such_o case_n especial_o wherein_o the_o king_n himself_o or_o his_o subject_n have_v correspondence_n or_o commerce_n with_o other_o nation_n who_o be_v not_o bind_v in_o those_o case_n by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o england_n omnes_fw-la populi_fw-la say_v justinian_n justinian_n qui_fw-la legibus_fw-la et_fw-la moribus_fw-la reguntur_fw-la partim_fw-la suo_fw-la proprio_fw-la partim_fw-la communi_fw-la omnium_fw-la hominum_fw-la jure_fw-la utuntur_fw-la nam_fw-la quod_fw-la cuique_fw-la populus_fw-la ipse_fw-la sibi_fw-la ius_fw-la constituit_fw-la id_fw-la ipsius_fw-la proprium_fw-la civitatis_fw-la est_fw-la vocaturque_fw-la jus_fw-la civil_a quod_fw-la vero_fw-la naturalis_fw-la ratio_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la constituit_fw-la id_fw-la apud_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la plerumque_fw-la custoditur_fw-la vocaturque_fw-la jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la quasi_fw-la quo_fw-la jure_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la utuntur_fw-la and_o in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o be_v say_v ius_fw-la gentium_fw-la omni_fw-la hominum_fw-la generi_fw-la common_fw-la est_fw-la and_o exhoc_fw-la iure_fw-la gentium_fw-la omnes_fw-la pene_fw-la contractus_fw-la introducti_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la emptio_fw-la venditio_fw-la locatio_fw-la conductio_fw-la societas_fw-la depositum_fw-la mutuum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o with_o this_o agree_v our_o doctor_n and_o student_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o 1.lib.cap.2_a where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o trade_n and_o traffic_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o that_o commerce_n trade_n and_o traffic_n for_o merchandise_n between_o the_o people_n of_o several_a nation_n and_o kingdom_n be_v a_o principal_a subject_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o therefore_o to_o that_o question_n that_o have_v be_v make_v in_o england_n whether_o the_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n do_v first_o grow_v due_a by_o our_o customary_a common_a law_n or_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n why_o may_v i_o not_o answer_v that_o neither_o the_o customary_a law_n nor_o the_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n but_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n do_v first_o give_v these_o duty_n unto_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o as_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v before_o king_n for_o king_n be_v make_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ex_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la reges_fw-la originem_fw-la traxerunt_fw-la say_v baldus_n baldus_n so_o king_n be_v no_o soon_o make_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o present_o the_o same_o law_n cum_fw-la creatus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la rex_fw-la ei_fw-la omnia_fw-la regalia_fw-la conceduntur_fw-la and_o competit_fw-la omnibus_fw-la regibus_fw-la jus_fw-la imponendi_fw-la quantum_fw-la habet_fw-la begalia_fw-la say_v baldus_n baldus_n vectigalia_fw-la introduct_fw-la a_fw-la sunt_fw-la à _fw-la jure_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n ideo_fw-la non_fw-la otiosase_fw-la favoralia_fw-la say_v another_o doctor_n do_v annex_v this_o prerogative_n to_o their_o several_a crown_n vectigalorigine_fw-la ipsa_fw-la jus_fw-la caesarum_fw-la et_fw-la regum_fw-la partimoniale_fw-la est_fw-la say_v another_o inhaeret_fw-la sceptro_fw-la say_v another_o and_o therefore_o when_o our_o ancient_a british_a king_n take_v up_o custom_n for_o merchandize_n transport_v into_o france_n as_o strabo_n strabo_n write_v britanni_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la tollebant_fw-la gravia_fw-la earum_fw-la rerum_fw-la quas_fw-la brevi_fw-la trajectu_fw-la in_o galliam_n importabant_fw-la shall_v we_o presume_v they_o do_v it_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n no_o for_o doubtless_o they_o do_v it_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o prerogative_n give_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o king_n upon_o their_o first_o institution_n do_v great_a thing_n than_o this_o by_o their_o prerogative_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n vetusissima_fw-la coronae_fw-la jura_fw-la ex_fw-la singulari_fw-la regum_fw-la decreto_fw-la primitus_fw-la orta_fw-la say_v a_o learned_a doctor_n and_o at_o first_o say_v justinian_n justinian_n arbitria_fw-la regum_fw-la prolegibus_fw-la fuere_fw-la and_o so_o say_v halicarnassus_n lib._n 3._o lib.3_o cicero_n offic._n lib._n 2._o and_o true_o as_o custom_n and_o imposition_n take_v upon_o importation_n of_o merchandize_n be_v most_o proper_o call_v vectigalia_fw-la à _fw-la mercibm_fw-la evectis_fw-la
because_o the_o same_o be_v gravia_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la in_o those_o day_n we_o may_v easy_o believe_v that_o custom_n to_o have_v be_v great_a than_o the_o demi_a mark_n for_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n again_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o king_n john_n speak_v of_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n and_o the_o book_n of_o 29_o edw._n 3._o make_v mention_n of_o ancient_a custom_n grant_v to_o king_n john_n in_o the_o town_n of_o southampton_n which_o doubtless_o be_v other_o custom_n than_o that_o of_o the_o demi_a mark_n etc._n etc._n for_o that_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n 3_o edw._n 1._o rot._n sin_n 24._o and_o rot._n patent_n of_o the_o same_o year_n m._n 9_o the_o demi_a mark_n which_o be_v first_o establish_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n be_v call_v nova_n custuma_n and_o this_o be_v a_o diminution_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n say_v the_o book_n of_o 30_o h._n 8._o dyer_n 43._o 43._o again_o when_o the_o same_o king_n edw._n 1._o have_v by_o his_o writ_n only_o without_o act_n of_o parliament_n establish_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o demi_a mark_n etc._n etc._n in_o ireland_n in_o all_o the_o customer_n account_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o pipe-roll_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 1._o 1_o edw._n 2._o 2._o edw._n 3._o 3_o in_o that_o realm_n it_o be_v also_o call_v nova_n custuma_n which_o import_v as_o much_o as_o a_o new_a imposition_n for_o imposition_n be_v a_o new_a name_n and_o have_v be_v of_o use_n but_o of_o late_a year_n whereas_o every_o new_a charge_n lay_v upon_o merchandize_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v call_v nova_n custuma_n as_o the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n fleming_n observe_v in_o his_o argument_n in_o bates_n case_n baron_n of_o currant_n in_o the_o exchequer_n of_o england_n but_o because_o this_o custom_n of_o a_o demi_a mark_n be_v a_o reducement_n make_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o of_o the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n to_o that_o proportion_n which_o be_v then_o think_v reasonable_a as_o after_o upon_o sundry_a petition_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o succeed_a prince_n it_o obtain_v in_o tract_n of_o time_n the_o name_n of_o the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n this_o custom_n of_o demi_a mark_n be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n by_o parliament_n but_o reduce_v to_o that_o rate_n by_o the_o king_n by_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o commons_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o record_n of_o 3_o edw._n 1._o 1._o fin_n memb._n 24._o for_o albeit_o the_o charter_n for_o confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la make_v in_o 25_o edw._n 1._o do_v recite_v that_o the_o demi_a mark_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o commonalty_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o act_n of_o p._n print_v or_o record_v wherein_o that_o grant_n of_o the_o commonalty_n do_v appear_v neither_o can_v it_o stand_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n that_o the_o demi_a mark_n be_v a_o diminution_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o cominalty_n to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o king_n will_v never_o have_v accept_v of_o such_o a_o grant_v as_o do_v diminish_v his_o revenue_n neither_o have_v it_o be_v thankworthy_a or_o acceptable_a and_o therefore_o the_o king_n have_v a_o negative_a voice_n will_v never_o have_v give_v his_o assent_n to_o such_o a_o grant_n in_o parliament_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o this_o diminution_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n be_v make_v in_o parliament_n and_o not_o by_o parliament_n and_o that_o by_o prayer_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o the_o record_n of_o 3_o edw._n 1._o rot._n fin_n memb._n 24._o fin.memb.24_n testify_v the_o king_n be_v then_o well_o please_v for_o that_o time_n to_o draw_v down_o the_o ancient_a custom_n to_o that_o rate_n and_o the_o people_n do_v willing_o yield_v and_o consent_v to_o the_o payment_n thereof_o and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o true_a interpretation_n of_o the_o charter_n or_o statute_n make_v in_o 25_o edw._n 1._o 1_o and_o therefore_o because_o we_o find_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o the_o people_n do_v original_o grant_v the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n to_o the_o king_n and_o because_o we_o find_v it_o be_v uncertain_a and_o subject_a to_o diminution_n and_o alteration_n we_o may_v conclude_v that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o imposition_n lay_v by_o the_o king_n from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n without_o any_o grant_n from_o the_o cominalty_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o can_v make_v no_o grant_n but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v absurd_a to_o affâ—rme_v that_o the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n impose_v upon_o native_a commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v first_o grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n since_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o ever_o those_o commodity_n do_v pass_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o custom_n be_v equal_a in_o time_n with_o the_o first_o sceptre_n and_o since_o the_o sceptre_n be_v establish_v many_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o people_n be_v call_v to_o be_v in_o parliament_n beside_o the_o very_a name_n of_o custom_n do_v note_n and_o argue_v that_o it_o begin_v before_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v make_v for_o that_o it_o signify_v a_o duty_n payable_a or_o accustomable_a to_o be_v pay_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n which_o in_o presumption_n of_o law_n be_v before_o any_o record_n wherefore_o the_o rule_n in_o the_o lord_n dyer_n 29._o book_n be_v good_a law_n viz._n the_o king_n have_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n in_o the_o custom_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n as_o be_v a_o prerogative_n annex_v to_o his_o crown_n and_o again_o 30_o hen_n 8._o 43._o 8.43_o custom_n be_v a_o inheritance_n in_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o give_v by_o any_o statute_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o ancient_a duty_n call_v prize_n take_v out_o of_o foreign_a good_n import_v except_o wine_n and_o the_o petty-customs_n of_o three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n be_v accept_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o in_o lieu_n of_o prize_n for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o be_v bring_v into_o england_n our_o king_n in_o ancient_a time_n do_v not_o take_v any_o rate_n or_o custom_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n but_o take_v such_o part_n of_o the_o several_a commodity_n in_fw-la specie_fw-la as_o they_o think_v fit_a for_o their_o proper_a use_n pay_v for_o that_o they_o take_v a_o price_n as_o themselves_o do_v likewise_o think_v fit_a and_o reasonable_a which_o be_v call_v the_o king_n price_n this_o prerogative_n be_v prove_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n rex_fw-la nonrecognoscens_fw-la superiorem_fw-la potest_fw-la è_fw-la india_n in_fw-la propria_fw-la causa_fw-la and_o also_o by_o the_o rule_n which_o be_v give_v 31_o edw._n 3._o 60._o 3.60_o where_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n have_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n thirty_o talent_n of_o beasant_n of_o gold_n because_o the_o quantity_n and_o value_n thereof_o be_v uncertain_a it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o king_n house_n shall_v set_v down_o of_o what_o quantity_n and_o value_n every_o talon_n shall_v be_v and_o that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v pay_v according_o and_o by_o the_o same_o prerogative_n whensoever_o any_o subject_n be_v to_o pay_v a_o fine_a or_o ransom_n unto_o the_o king_n for_o a_o contempt_n the_o king_n himself_o do_v limit_v and_o set_v the_o fine_a or_o ransom_n at_o his_o own_o will_n or_o pleasure_n the_o foreign_a commodity_n thus_o take_v by_o the_o king_n in_o spain_n at_o his_o own_o price_n be_v call_v prize_n but_o because_o these_o prize_n be_v many_o time_n grievance_n to_o the_o merchant_n and_o bring_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o the_o king_n coffer_n that_o prudent_a prince_n edw._n 1._o by_o that_o famous_a charter_n call_v charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la make_v in_o the_o 31_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v remit_v unto_o all_o merchant_n stranger_n their_o prize_n and_o do_v grant_v quod_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la super_fw-la mercimonia_fw-la merchandizas_n vel_fw-la bona_fw-la ipsorum_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la vel_fw-la ministros_fw-la suos_fw-la nullos_fw-la nulla_fw-la appretiatio_fw-la vel_fw-la estimatio_fw-la apponeretur_fw-la and_o quod_fw-la nulla_fw-la prisa_fw-la vel_fw-la arrestatio_fw-la ratione_fw-la prisae_fw-la inde_fw-la fieret_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o charter_n do_v further_a recite_v that_o for_o the_o remission_n of_o these_o prize_n the_o merchant_n stranger_n do_v grant_v unto_o the_o king_n three_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n now_o call_v the_o petty-custom_n out_o of_o all_o foreign_a merchandize_n import_v except_o wine_n and_o for_o our_o native_a commodity_n export_v they_o will_v pay_v for_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n four_o penny_n and_o for_o every_o three_o hundred_o wool-fell_n six_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n and_o for_o every_o last_o of_o leather_n a_o demi_a mark_n
that_o which_o be_v object_v be_v not_o true_a for_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n second_o if_o it_o have_v be_v true_a it_o be_v no_o argument_n against_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o point_n for_o what_o be_v tonnage_n but_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n payable_a for_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n import_v do_v not_o king_n edw._n 3_o by_o force_n of_o his_o charter_n mercatoria_fw-la without_o act_n of_o parliament_n take_v two_o shilling_n for_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n import_v by_o stranger_n do_v not_o the_o same_o king_n set_v a_o new_a imposition_n of_o gage_n viz._n upon_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n bring_v into_o london_n as_o be_v before_o express_v and_o be_v not_o the_o several_a imposition_n of_o wine_n take_v by_o his_o majesty_n in_o england_n and_o ireland_n a_o kind_n of_o tonnage_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o extraordinary_a rate_n impose_v upon_o ever_o tun_n of_o wine_n and_o levy_v and_o take_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n again_o be_v not_o the_o three_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n impose_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o by_o his_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la a_o kind_n of_o poundage_n and_o well_o nigh_o as_o great_a a_o imposition_n as_o twelve_o of_o the_o pound_n grant_v at_o this_o day_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o standard_n of_o money_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 1._o when_o a_o penny_n sterling_a do_v contain_v as_o much_o or_o more_o pure_a silver_n as_o the_o three_o penny_n sterling_a do_v contain_v at_o this_o day_n but_o admit_v that_o no_o tonnage_n or_o poundage_n have_v ever_o be_v take_v but_o by_o grant_n in_o parliament_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o argument_n but_o that_o the_o king_n may_v impose_v the_o like_a or_o the_o same_o by_o his_o prerogative_n for_o three_o particular_a reason_n the_o first_o because_o these_o subsidy_n be_v grant_v for_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n royal_a the_o charge_n whereof_o be_v grow_v so_o great_a in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 4._o 4_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o act_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n grant_v in_o the_o 12_o year_n of_o that_o king_n reign_n that_o it_o suffice_v not_o nor_o in_o time_n to_o come_v be_v like_o to_o suffice_v or_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o keep_v the_o sea_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o that_o act_n if_o then_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 4._o the_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n be_v three_o shilling_n upon_o a_o tun_n of_o wine_n bring_v in_o by_o denizen_n and_o six_o shilling_n upon_o a_o tun_n bring_v in_o by_o stranger_n and_o the_o subsidy_n of_o poundage_n or_o of_o twelve_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n upon_o other_o commodity_n be_v not_o then_o sufficient_a to_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o royal_a navy_n which_o be_v not_o comparable_a by_o many_o degree_n in_o strength_n and_o beauty_n and_o multitude_n of_o ship_n to_o the_o king_n navy_n at_o this_o day_n do_v it_o stand_v with_o reason_n that_o the_o crown_n shall_v be_v stint_v or_o limit_v ever_o after_o to_o take_v no_o more_o than_o those_o poor_a subsidy_n grant_v at_o that_o time_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v wait_v for_o a_o parliament_n and_o pray_v a_o aid_n of_o the_o commons_o for_o a_o competent_a mean_n to_o maintain_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o kingdom_n when_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n he_o may_v grant_v letter_n patent_n for_o murage_n to_o maintain_v the_o wall_n of_o a_o corporate_a town_n if_o any_o unexpected_a necessity_n shall_v arise_v for_o repair_v of_o the_o navy_n royal_a and_o make_v a_o naval_a war_n shall_v the_o king_n expect_v a_o parliament_n for_o a_o great_a subsidy_n to_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o commons_o before_o he_o shall_v rig_v and_o make_v ready_a his_o ship_n perhaps_o a_o kingdom_n may_v be_v lose_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n as_o if_o a_o pilot_n sit_v at_o the_o helm_n and_o see_v a_o sudden_a gust_n of_o wind_n will_v overset_v the_o ship_n or_o perceive_v she_o to_o be_v run_v on_o a_o rock_n shall_v forbear_v to_o turn_v the_o helm_n or_o cause_v the_o sail_n to_o be_v strike_v until_o he_o have_v consult_v with_o the_o mariner_n or_o passenger_n and_o demand_v their_o consent_n or_o counsel_n in_o the_o business_n the_o pilot_n himself_o with_o his_o mariner_n and_o passenger_n may_v be_v cast_v away_o before_o they_o be_v agree_v what_o course_n to_o take_v second_o these_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n be_v first_o grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o the_o two_o great_a house_n of_o lancaster_n and_o york_n when_o the_o several_a king_n be_v loath_a to_o make_v use_n of_o their_o prerogative_n but_o be_v glad_a to_o please_v their_o people_n and_o loath_a to_o impose_v any_o charge_n upon_o they_o but_o by_o common_a consent_n in_o those_o troublesome_a time_n three_o king_n and_o prince_n oftentimes_o of_o their_o own_o noble_a nature_n and_o sometime_o in_o policy_n do_v accept_v that_o of_o their_o subject_n as_o a_o gift_n which_o they_o may_v exact_v and_o take_v as_o a_o duty_n and_o therefore_o our_o most_o potent_a and_o politic_a king_n have_v ordain_v and_o accept_v many_o thing_n in_o parliament_n which_o they_o may_v have_v do_v in_o their_o private_a chamber_n by_o their_o own_o prerogative_n without_o any_o other_o ceremony_n who_o ever_o make_v doubt_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o establish_v the_o standard_n of_o money_n and_o yet_o how_o many_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v we_o find_v touch_v money_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n e._n 1._o and_o king_n edw._n 2_o the_o king_n prerotative_a in_o make_v and_o establish_v martial_a law_n be_v never_o yet_o in_o question_n yet_o be_v there_o act_n of_o parliament_n touch_v muster_n departure_n of_o soldier_n without_o their_o captain_n licence_n or_o the_o like_a the_o king_n only_o do_v give_v honour_n and_o place_n of_o precedency_n yet_o king_n hen._n 8._o make_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o he_o rank_v the_o great_a office_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o their_o several_a place_n as_o well_o in_o council_n as_o in_o parliament_n no_o man_n ever_o doubt_v but_o the_o king_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o justice_n may_v erect_v court_n of_o justice_n by_o his_o prerogative_n yet_o we_o find_v the_o court_n of_o augmentation_n and_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n erect_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n last_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 2._o we_o find_v a_o act_n of_o declaration_n of_o the_o principal_a prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n be_v most_o undoubted_a and_o clear_a yet_o his_o majesty_n be_v please_v in_o his_o first_o parliament_n to_o accept_v of_o a_o act_n of_o recognition_n chap._n xxxii_o the_o conclusion_n by_o these_o reason_n and_o demonstration_n which_o be_v before_o express_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o ancient_a prerogative_n inherent_a to_o the_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n may_v just_o and_o lawful_o set_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o may_v limit_v and_o rate_v the_o quantity_n and_o proportion_n thereof_o by_o his_o own_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o this_o prerogative_n be_v warrant_v and_o approve_v by_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o principal_a branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o the_o imperial_a law_n the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n and_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o most_o prudent_a king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n since_o the_o conquest_n and_o that_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v upon_o many_o excellent_a reason_n and_o that_o the_o several_a objection_n make_v against_o this_o prerogative_n be_v but_o shadow_n and_o colour_n of_o reason_n and_o clear_o remove_v and_o wash_v away_o by_o the_o several_a answer_n thereunto_o chap._n xxxiii_o a_o comparison_n of_o the_o imposition_n set_v and_o take_v in_o england_n by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n with_o the_o exception_n and_o gabelle_n in_o foreign_a state_n and_o kingdom_n whereby_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n do_v not_o bear_v so_o heavy_a a_o burden_n by_o many_o degree_n as_o the_o subject_n of_o other_o nation_n do_v bear_v in_o this_o kind_n albeit_o indeed_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v no_o emperor_n and_o have_v all_o imperial_a right_n within_o his_o own_o kingdom_n have_v and_o ever_o have_v as_o absolute_a a_o prerogative_n imponere_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la or_o to_o lay_v imposition_n as_o the_o emperor_n of_o rome_n or_o germany_n or_o any_o other_o king_n prince_n or_o state_n in_o the_o world_n now_o have_v or_o ever_o have_v yet_o let_v
the_o rule_n of_o those_o law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o same_o do_v concern_v merchant_n and_o merchandize_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o customary_a or_o common_a law_n of_o england_n especial_o be_v cause_v the_o rule_n of_o those_o other_o law_n be_v well_o know_v to_o the_o other_o nation_n with_o who_o we_o have_v commerce_n and_o to_o who_o and_o from_o who_o all_o merchandize_n be_v transport_v whereas_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o own_o municipal_a law_n be_v only_o know_v within_o our_o island_n and_o if_o this_o question_n may_v be_v decide_v either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o by_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v but_o a_o member_n thereof_o or_o by_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n we_o find_v this_o point_n clear_o and_o absolute_o determine_v and_o overruled_a by_o the_o rule_n of_o those_o law_n viz._n that_o all_o absolute_a king_n and_o prince_n may_v set_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n by_o their_o prerogative_n and_o thereupon_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o since_o one_o monarch_n have_v as_o much_o power_n as_o another_o as_o fortescue_n fortescue_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_fw-la angliae_fw-la affirm_v the_o k._n of_o england_n as_o well_o as_o any_o other_o king_n as_o the_o emperor_n himself_o cum_fw-la ipse_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la habet_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la suo_fw-la quas_fw-la imperator_fw-la vindicat_fw-la in_fw-la imperio_fw-la as_o king_n william_n rufus_n tell_v the_o archbishop_n anselm_n may_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o royal_a prerogative_n annex_v to_o his_o crown_n and_o inherent_a to_o his_o sceptre_n lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n export_v or_o import_v into_o any_o of_o his_o kingdom_n or_o doninion_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o general_a and_o that_o the_o same_o do_v consist_v in_o certain_a special_a point_n or_o case_n reserve_v to_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o crown_n when_o the_o positive_a law_n be_v first_o establish_v and_o that_o the_o canon_n law_n of_o england_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o submit_v itself_o to_o these_o prerogative_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o thing_n be_v common_a and_o all_o person_n equal_a there_o be_v neither_o meum_fw-la nor_o tuum_fw-la there_o be_v neither_o king_n nor_o subject_a then_o come_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o do_v limit_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o bring_v in_o property_n which_o bring_v in_o community_n of_o thing_n which_o bring_v in_o king_n and_o ruler_n which_o take_v away_o equality_n of_o person_n for_o property_n cause_v contract_n trade_n and_o traffic_n which_o can_v not_o be_v minister_v without_o a_o king_n or_o magistrate_n so_o as_o the_o first_o and_o principal_a cause_n of_o make_v king_n be_v to_o maintain_v property_n and_o contract_n and_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n among_o man_n hereupon_o by_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nation_n tribute_n and_o custom_n become_v due_a to_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n to_o maintain_v he_o in_o his_o place_n of_o government_n quasi_fw-la ministerii_fw-la sui_fw-la stipendia_fw-la say_v the_o school-man_n deo_fw-la minister_fw-la est_fw-la tibi_fw-la in_fw-la bonum_fw-la ideo_fw-la et_fw-la tributa_fw-la potestas_fw-la say_v saint_n paul_n and_o all_o these_o thing_n namely_o property_n and_o contract_n and_o king_n and_o custom_n be_v before_o any_o positive_a law_n be_v make_v then_o come_v the_o positive_a law_n and_o limit_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereas_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o king_n have_v a_o absolute_a and_o unlimited_a power_n in_o all_o matter_n whatsoever_o by_o the_o positive_a law_n the_o king_n himself_o be_v please_v to_o limit_v and_o stint_v his_o absolute_a power_n and_o to_o tie_v himself_o to_o the_o ordinary_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n in_o common_a and_o ordinary_a case_n worthy_o and_o princely_a according_a to_o the_o roman_a emperor_n dignissimum_fw-la principe_fw-la rex_fw-la se_fw-la allegatum_fw-la legibus_fw-la consiteri_fw-la retain_v and_o reserve_v notwithstanding_o in_o many_o point_n that_o absolute_a and_o unlimited_a power_n which_o be_v give_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o in_o these_o case_n or_o point_n the_o king_n prerogative_n do_v consist_v so_o as_o the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v not_o grant_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o people_n but_o reserve_v by_o himself_o to_o himself_o when_o the_o positive_a law_n be_v first_o establish_v and_o the_o king_n do_v exercise_v a_o double_a power_n viz._n a_o absolute_a power_n or_o merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la when_o he_o do_v use_v prerogative_n only_o which_o be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o positive_a law_n and_o a_o ordinary_a power_n of_o jurisdiction_n which_o do_v cooperate_v with_o the_o law_n and_o whereby_o he_o do_v minister_v justice_n to_o the_o people_n according_a to_o the_o prescript_n rule_n of_o the_o positive_a law_n as_o for_o example_n the_o king_n do_v not_o condemn_v all_o malefactor_n but_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o positive_a law_n but_o when_o the_o malefactor_n be_v condemn_v by_o the_o law_n he_o give_v he_o a_o pardon_n by_o his_o absolute_a prerogative_n again_o the_o king_n do_v punish_v the_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n within_o the_o land_n by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n but_o he_o do_v make_v war_n and_o peace_n with_o foreign_a nation_n quod_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la liberum_fw-la jus_fw-la gladii_fw-la as_o a_o doctor_n speak_v by_o that_o absolute_a and_o unlimited_a power_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v give_v unto_o he_o again_o the_o king_n do_v establish_v the_o standard_n of_o money_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n only_o for_o the_o common_a law_n do_v give_v no_o rule_n touch_v the_o matter_n or_o form_n or_o value_n thereof_o but_o when_o those_o money_n be_v disperse_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o subject_n the_o same_o do_v become_v subject_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o property_n thereof_o to_o the_o ordinary_a rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n again_o the_o right_a of_o freehold_n and_o all_o inheritance_n and_o all_o contract_n real_a and_o personal_a arise_v within_o the_o land_n be_v leave_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o the_o government_n and_o order_n of_o traffic_n trade_n and_o commerce_n both_o within_o the_o land_n and_o without_o do_v rest_n in_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o principal_a prerogative_n wherein_o the_o king_n be_v like_a to_o primum_fw-la mobile_a which_o carry_v about_o all_o the_o inferior_a sphere_n in_o his_o superior_a course_n and_o yet_o do_v suffer_v all_o the_o planet_n underneath_o he_o to_o finish_v all_o their_o divers_a and_o particular_a course_n or_o rather_o he_o do_v imitate_v the_o divine_a majesty_n which_o in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o world_n do_v suffer_v thing_n for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o pass_v according_a to_o the_o order_n and_o course_n of_o nature_n yet_o many_o time_n do_v show_v his_o extraordinary_a power_n in_o work_v of_o miracle_n above_o nature_n and_o true_o as_o the_o king_n do_v suffer_v the_o customary_a law_n of_o england_n to_o have_v her_o course_n on_o the_o one_o side_n so_o do_v the_o same_o law_n yield_v submit_v and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n over_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o in_o the_o 1_o hen._n 7._o fol._n 23._o 7.fol.23_n there_o be_v a_o rule_n that_o every_o custom_n be_v void_a in_o law_n quae_fw-la exaltat_fw-la in_fw-la praerogativum_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o the_o customary_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n beside_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n above_o the_o common_a law_n do_v appear_v in_o this_o that_o whereas_o all_o privilege_n do_v flow_v and_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o every_o privilege_n in_o one_o point_n or_o other_o private_a communem_fw-la legem_fw-la yet_o the_o common_a law_n do_v admit_v and_o allow_v of_o privilege_n grant_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o the_o order_n and_o govern_v of_o all_o trade_n and_o traffic_n in_o corporation_n market_n and_o fair_n within_o the_o land_n and_o the_o common_a law_n do_v acknowledge_v this_o prerogative_n and_o submit_v itself_o there_o unto_o first_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o all_o corporation_n of_o city_n and_o borough_n within_o the_o land_n be_v chief_o institute_v for_o trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o not_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o common_a law_n no_o such_o corporation_n can_v be_v make_v but_o by_o the_o king_n charter_n for_o though_o there_o have_v be_v some_o corporation_n which_o have_v be_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n yet_o the_o law_n presume_v that_o the_o same_o at_o first_o have_v their_o beginning_n by_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n beside_o we_o find_v in_o divers_a ancient_a charter_n make_v unto_o those_o corporation_n a_o power_n grant_v unto_o the_o king_n to_o take_v de_fw-la
blood_n who_o will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o use_v his_o prerogative_n second_o that_o during_o the_o war_n of_o lancaster_n and_o york_n there_o be_v no_o fit_a time_n to_o make_v use_n of_o that_o prerogative_n while_o both_o party_n do_v strive_v to_o win_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n three_o that_o king_n hen._n 7._o have_v much_o ado_n to_o settle_v himself_o in_o the_o quiet_a possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o those_o trouble_n four_o that_o king_n h._n 8._o have_v such_o a_o mass_n of_o treasure_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o father_n and_o do_v so_o enrich_v himself_o by_o dissolution_n of_o abbey_n as_o he_o have_v no_o need_n to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o prerogative_n five_o that_o k._n e._n 6._o be_v also_o a_o minor_a and_o that_o his_o chief_a council_n do_v more_o contend_v to_o advance_v their_o own_o house_n than_o the_o king_n profit_n chap._n xviii_o that_o queen_n mary_n do_v use_v her_o frerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n queen_n mary_n in_o who_o time_n the_o town_n of_o calais_n be_v lose_v and_o consequent_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n be_v lose_v do_v by_o her_o absolute_a power_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o lord_n dyer_n 1_o eliz._n dyer_n 165._o eliz._n raise_v a_o imposition_n upon_o clothes_n viz._n six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n upon_o every_o cloth_n over_o and_o above_o all_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o merchant_n petition_v to_o be_v disburden_v of_o this_o imposition_n which_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o other_o whereupon_o they_o have_v many_o assembly_n and_o conference_n as_o that_o book_n report_v and_o albeit_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o that_o behalf_n be_v not_o find_v in_o that_o book_n it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o they_o adjudge_v the_o imposition_n to_o be_v just_a and_o lawful_a because_o it_o be_v continue_v and_o answer_v during_o all_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n this_o queen_n mary_n likewise_o by_o she_o preroone_o lay_v and_o imposition_n of_o four_o mark_n upon_o every_o tun_n of_o french_a wine_n over_o and_o above_o the_o prizage_n and_o buttlerage_n which_o during_o her_o life_n time_n be_v pay_v without_o contradiction_n chap._n xix_o that_o queen_n elizabeth_n alsouse_v her_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n queen_n elizabeth_n also_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o prerogative_n do_v not_o only_o continue_v the_o imposition_n lay_v by_o queen_n mary_n upon_o clothes_n and_o french_a wine_n but_o do_v raise_v other_o imposition_n of_o sundry_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n by_o the_o same_o absolute_a power_n namely_o upon_o every_o tun_n of_o sweet_a wine_n upon_o every_o tun_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n upon_o every_o kental_a of_o allom_n which_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o prudent_a princess_n be_v pay_v and_o receive_v without_o question_n beside_o the_o same_o queen_n upon_o complaint_n make_v unto_o she_o in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n that_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n do_v impose_v one_o ducat_n upon_o every_o hundred_o of_o currant_n export_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n by_o the_o merchant_n of_o england_n do_v by_o her_o letter_n patent_n grant_v unto_o the_o english_a merchant_n who_o trade_v into_o the_o levant_n that_o they_o only_o and_o their_o assign_v may_v bring_v currant_n into_o england_n eliz._n the_o english_a merchant_n have_v this_o privilege_n do_v take_v five_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n upon_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o currant_n bring_v into_o england_n by_o stranger_n which_o be_v due_o pay_v although_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o merchant_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o privilege_n only_o of_o sortiori_fw-la yet_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v pay_v if_o it_o have_v be_v payable_a to_o the_o queen_n herself_o as_o the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n fleming_n do_v observe_v in_o his_o argument_n of_o bates_n case_n of_o currant_n in_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n in_o england_n chap._n xx_o that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n lay_v several_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n his_o majesty_n likewise_o when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v king_n of_o england_n find_v his_o crown_n to_o be_v seize_v of_o this_o prerogative_n and_o find_v withal_o the_o necessary_a charge_n of_o the_o crown_n exceed_o to_o increase_n do_v for_o the_o supportation_n thereof_o not_o only_o continue_v the_o imposition_n lay_v by_o queen_n mary_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_n but_o also_o lay_v new_a imposition_n upon_o sundry_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n over_o and_o above_o all_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n former_o due_a and_o payable_a for_o the_o same_o and_o these_o be_v the_o imposition_n now_o the_o principal_a of_o these_o be_v twelve_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n or_o a_o second_o poundage_n set_v upon_o merchandize_n as_o well_o export_v as_o import_v by_o letter_n patent_n 28._o july_n iac._n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n reign_n but_o how_o be_v it_o set_v and_o impose_v sure_o with_o such_o moderation_n and_o limitation_n and_o such_o receptation_n full_a of_o grace_n and_o favour_n as_o no_o monarch_n or_o state_n in_o the_o world_n do_v ever_o impart_v to_o their_o subject_n the_o like_a in_o the_o like_a case_n for_o beside_o other_o gracious_a clause_n contain_v in_o the_o same_o letter_n patent_n all_o commodity_n serve_v either_o for_o food_n or_o sustenance_n of_o the_o king_n people_n or_o set_v the_o poor_a on_o work_n or_o for_o munition_n or_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o for_o maintenance_n of_o navigation_n or_o which_o especial_o tend_v to_o the_o enrich_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v except_v and_o discharge_v by_o this_o imposition_n as_o for_o the_o special_a imposition_n which_o his_o majesty_n have_v set_v upon_o certain_a foreign_a commodity_n as_o currant_n logwood_n tobacco_n etc._n etc._n as_o touch_v the_o first_o of_o these_o the_o imposition_n have_v be_v adjudge_v lawful_a in_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n of_o england_n and_o for_o the_o other_o commodity_n they_o be_v of_o such_o nature_n as_o no_o man_n ever_o make_v question_n but_o that_o the_o imposition_n set_v upon_o they_o be_v lawful_a beside_o these_o imposition_n lay_v in_o england_n his_o majesty_n by_o his_o prerogative_n only_o since_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n receive_v the_o impost_n of_o wine_n in_o ireland_n and_o have_v likewise_o to_o make_v equality_n of_o trade_n in_o that_o realm_n lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o twelve_o penny_n on_o the_o pound_n of_o all_o other_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v out_o of_o the_o port_n of_o dublin_n waterford_n drogheda_n and_o galway_n the_o citizen_n of_o which_o city_n and_o town_n be_v exempt_v and_o discharge_v of_o poundage_n grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n there_o which_o imposition_n be_v never_o impugn_v in_o ireland_n but_o have_v since_o the_o set_v thereof_o be_v levy_v and_o pay_v without_o contradiction_n and_o that_o we_o see_v how_o long_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v be_v seize_v of_o this_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o how_o the_o same_o have_v be_v put_v in_o practice_n by_o the_o most_o prudent_a prince_n since_o the_o conquest_n chap._n xxi_o the_o general_a reason_n whereupon_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v although_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n and_o do_v savour_n withal_o of_o curiosity_n and_o presumption_n to_o search_v a_o reason_n for_o every_o prerogative_n that_o be_v incident_a to_o the_o crown_n for_o sacrilegii_fw-la est_fw-la disputare_fw-la de_fw-la principis_fw-la facto_fw-la say_v the_o imperial_a law_n and_o scrutator_fw-la majestal_n be_v opprimitur_fw-la à _fw-la gloria_fw-la say_v the_o wise_a man_n yet_o the_o reason_n whereupon_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v be_v so_o many_o and_o manifest_a as_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o collect_v the_o principal_a of_o they_o rather_o for_o the_o confirmation_n than_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o such_o as_o have_v move_v this_o question_n touch_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o imposition_n lay_v by_o his_o majesty_n upon_o merchandize_n first_o the_o king_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o all_o justice_n and_o therefore_o the_o first_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o king_n charge_n in_o do_v justice_n and_o procure_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v to_o merchant_n not_o only_o distributive_a justice_n wherein_o consist_v praemium_fw-la and_o paena_fw-la but_o commutative_a justice_n be_v also_o derive_v from_o the_o king_n now_o his_o majesty_n do_v exercise_v commutative_a justice_n chief_o in_o the_o order_n and_o government_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n wherein_o he_o be_v to_o do_v justice_n or_o to_o procure_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v to_o his_o subject_n who_o do_v make_v contract_n real_a and_o personal_a within_o the_o land_n but_o to_o his_o merchant_n that_o
ius_fw-la imponendi_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la or_o the_o learning_n touch_v custom_n tonnage_n poundage_n and_o imposition_n on_o merchandize_n assert_v as_o well_o from_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a and_o civil_a law_n as_o of_o general_n reason_n and_o policy_n of_o state_n by_o sir_n john_n davis_n knight_n etc._n etc._n the_o second_o edition_n london_n print_v for_o henry_n twyford_n in_o vine-court_n middle_a temple_n mdclix_o to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n this_o question_n sir_n concerning_o your_o majesty_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v make_v or_o move_v at_o all_o howbeit_o it_o have_v be_v stir_v and_o debate_v in_o parliament_n it_o be_v now_o become_v a_o argument_n of_o such_o dignity_n and_o importance_n as_o the_o best-able_a among_o your_o servant_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n may_v well_o employ_v their_o best_a learning_n in_o the_o discuss_n thereof_o for_o my_o part_n though_o i_o find_v myself_o unable_a to_o handle_v this_o noble_a question_n as_o the_o weight_n and_o worthiness_n require_v yet_o have_v i_o upon_o sundry_a occasion_n arise_v from_o the_o course_n of_o my_o service_n collect_v such_o note_n and_o draw_v together_o such_o material_n as_o may_v be_v of_o use_n in_o the_o build_n of_o a_o fortress_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o prerogative_n and_o sure_o i_o be_o that_o if_o your_o majesty_n will_v vouchsafe_v to_o cast_v your_o eye_n upon_o these_o collection_n that_o your_o judgement_n will_v make_v a_o far_o better_a use_n and_o application_n thereof_o than_o i_o who_o have_v gather_v the_o same_o can_v possible_a do_v these_o little_a spark_n of_o knowledge_n be_v take_v into_o your_o majesty_n consideration_n will_v instant_o multiply_v and_o arise_v into_o a_o flame_n and_o so_o give_v a_o great_a light_n for_o clear_v of_o this_o question_n this_o learning_n within_o my_o hand_n be_v but_o a_o spade_n in_o your_o majesty_n hand_n will_v become_v a_o sceptre_n i_o have_v only_o like_o the_o poor_a indian_a dig_v up_o the_o oar_n of_o i_o which_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o king_n mint_n and_o refine_v there_o become_v part_n of_o the_o royal_a treasure_n for_o the_o argument_n itself_o it_o will_v hardly_o receive_v any_o ornament_n ornari_fw-la res_fw-la ipsa_fw-la negate_fw-la contenta_fw-la doceri_fw-la the_o best_a light_n i_o can_v give_v it_o be_v lucidw_n ordo_fw-la by_o break_v it_o into_o capita_fw-la rerum_fw-la and_o cast_v it_o into_o a_o plain_a and_o natural_a method_n it_o be_v somewhat_o long_o and_o in_o multiloquio_fw-la non_fw-la deest_fw-la peccatum_fw-la say_v solomon_n it_o be_v also_o mix_v with_o some_o reason_n of_o state_n wherein_o a_o common_a lawyer_n may_v easy_o make_v a_o solaecism_n yet_o such_o as_o it_o be_v my_o zeal_n to_o advance_v your_o majesty_n service_n have_v move_v i_o to_o present_v it_o to_o your_o majesty_n with_o all_o humbleness_n and_o with_o some_o hope_n that_o this_o dutiful_a pain_n shall_v purchase_v a_o pardon_n for_o the_o error_n therein_o commit_v by_o your_o majesty_n unprofitable_a servant_n and_o humble_a subject_n john_n davies_n the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o exposition_n and_o meaning_n of_o certain_a word_n which_o do_v show_v the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o question_n page_n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la and_o the_o force_n thereof_o in_o all_o kingdom_n that_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v a_o principal_a subject_n of_o that_o law_n and_o that_o it_o give_v power_n unto_o all_o king_n to_o take_v custom_n and_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v many_o prerogative_n annex_v to_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n of_o which_o our_o common_a law_n take_v notice_n and_o do_v admit_v and_o approve_v the_o same_o 4_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o how_o it_o differ_v from_o our_o common_a law_n and_o how_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o law_n merchandize_n do_v differ_v from_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o do_v not_o cross_v the_o sea_n and_o how_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v admit_v and_o allow_v of_o the_o law_n merchant_n 10_o chap._n iv._o of_o the_o imperial_a or_o civil_a law_n and_o of_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o of_o what_o force_v it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n within_o the_o monarchy_n of_o europe_n and_o in_o what_o case_n it_o be_v receive_v within_o the_o king_n of_o england_n dominion_n and_o how_o it_o warrant_v all_o king_n and_o absolute_a prince_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n 20_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o canon_n or_o ecclesiastical_a law_n and_o how_o far_o forth_o it_o do_v examine_v and_o resolve_v this_o question_n in_o case_n of_o conscience_n only_o 25_o chap._n vi_o that_o this_o question_n of_o imposition_n may_v be_v examine_v and_o decide_v as_o well_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n before_o mention_v as_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o municipial_n law_n or_o common_a law_n of_o england_n 27_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o general_a and_o that_o the_o same_o do_v consist_v in_o certain_a special_a point_n or_o case_n reserve_v to_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o crown_n when_o the_o positive_a law_n be_v first_o establish_v and_o that_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o submit_v itself_o to_o those_o prerogative_n 29_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o the_o order_n and_o govern_v of_o all_o trade_n and_o traffic_n in_o corporation_n market_n and_o fair_n within_o the_o land_n and_o the_o common_a law_n do_v acknowledge_v this_o prerogative_n and_o submit_v itself_o there_o unto_o 34_o chap._n ix._o that_o the_o king_n have_v another_o prerogative_n in_o the_o government_n in_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n differ_v from_o the_o prerogative_n which_o he_o use_v and_o order_v in_o trade_n and_o traffic_n in_o market_n a_o fair_n within_o the_o land_n and_o of_o the_o difference_n between_o custom_n and_o toll_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n 38_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o ancient_a duty_n call_v custom_n payable_a for_o our_o principal_a commodity_n export_v and_o that_o it_o be_v original_o a_o imposition_n 41_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o ancient_a duty_n call_v prize_n take_v out_o of_o foreign_a good_n import_v except_o wine_n and_o the_o petty-customs_n of_o three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n be_v accept_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o in_o lieu_n of_o prize_n 46_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o wine_n call_v prizoge_n and_o butlerage_n 50_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o ancient_a officer_n which_o our_o king_n have_v create_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o prerogative_n to_o search_v and_o oversee_v all_o sort_n of_o merchandize_n and_o to_o collect_v the_o duty_n payable_a for_o the_o same_o 52_o chap._n xiv_o of_o other_o imposition_n beside_o the_o ancient_a custom_n before_o mention_v lay_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o several_a king_n and_o queen_n since_o the_o conquest_n some_o of_o which_o imposition_n have_v be_v discontinue_v or_o remit_v and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v continue_v and_o pay_v at_o this_o day_n and_o first_o of_o the_o imposition_n set_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o over_o and_o beside_o the_o custom_n speak_v of_o before_o 53_o chap._n xv_o of_o the_o imposition_n set_v and_o take_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o 55_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o imposition_n lay_v and_o levy_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o king_n edw._n 3_o 57_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o profit_n raise_v unto_o the_o crown_n out_o of_o merchandize_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o several_a king_n who_o succeed_v k._n edw._n 3_o until_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n 62_o chap._n xviii_o that_o queen_n mary_n do_v use_v her_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n 70_o chap._n xix_o that_o queen_n elizabeth_n also_o use_v her_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n 71_o chap_n xx_o that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n lay_v several_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n 73_o chap._n xxi_o the_o general_a reason_n whereupon_o this_o prerogative_n be_v ground_v 76_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o several_a objection_n that_o be_v make_v against_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o the_o soveral_a answer_n thereunto_o 94_o chap._n xxiii_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o first_o objection_n 96_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o second_o objection_n touch_v the_o uncertainty_n and_o unbounded_a largeness_n of_o this_o prerogative_n 99_o chap._n xxv_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o objection_n 101_o chap._n xxvi_o the_o three_o objection_n
trade_n and_o traffic_v with_o foreign_a nation_n and_o to_o stranger_n that_o trade_n and_o traffic_v with_o we_o for_o the_o administration_n of_o commutative_a justice_n within_o the_o land_n the_o king_n receive_v sundry_a profit_n which_o grow_v first_o by_o way_n of_o imposition_n a_o man_n can_v recover_v a_o debt_n in_o the_o king_n court_n but_o first_o he_o pay_v the_o king_n a_o fine_a for_o his_o first_o process_n land_n can_v be_v convey_v by_o a_o common_a recovery_n but_o a_o fine_a for_o the_o original_a must_v be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n neither_o can_v land_n be_v pass_v from_o one_o to_o another_o by_o fine_a in_o the_o king_n court_n but_o the_o king_n silver_n must_v be_v pay_v pro_fw-la licentia_fw-la concordandi_fw-la add_v hereunto_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o seal_n in_o all_o the_o king_n court_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o writ_n and_o yet_o the_o king_n in_fw-la charta_fw-la magna_fw-la do_v promise_v nulli_fw-la negabimus_fw-la nulli_fw-la vendemus_fw-la justitiam_fw-la vel_fw-la rectum_fw-la but_o the_o king_n take_v of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a duty_n be_v no_o breach_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n for_o that_o the_o same_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o king_n long_o before_o the_o charter_n be_v make_v and_o take_v ut_fw-la ministerii_fw-la sui_fw-la stipendia_fw-la as_o the_o schoolman_n speak_v and_o withal_o to_o recompense_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o maintain_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n see_v bodin_n lib._n 6._o de_fw-la repub._n cap._n 2._o 2_o where_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o like_a profit_n make_v upon_o the_o process_n in_o france_n and_o show_v that_o the_o ancient_a roman_n do_v the_o like_a and_o the_o emperor_n caligula_n caligula_n take_v the_o forty_o penny_n of_o that_o which_o be_v demand_v in_o every_o several_a civil_a action_n if_o then_o such_o profit_n be_v take_v for_o the_o king_n in_o his_o court_n of_o justice_n within_o the_o land_n towards_o the_o charge_n which_o he_o sustain_v in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o these_o court_n and_o the_o office_n thereof_o which_o duty_n be_v at_o first_o limit_v and_o impose_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o without_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o who_o ever_o hear_v of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v be_v there_o not_o as_o good_a reason_n why_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o king_n in_o do_v justice_n and_o procure_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v unto_o merchant_n who_o residence_n and_o commerce_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n out_o of_o the_o land_n shall_v be_v recompense_v out_o of_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v not_o according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o merchant_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o people_n out_o proportionable_a according_a to_o the_o king_n charge_n which_o be_v best_o know_v to_o himself_o it_o be_v most_o meet_a that_o the_o recompense_n shall_v be_v limit_v by_o himself_o touch_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o king_n in_o do_v and_o appoint_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v to_o merchant_n be_v not_o all_o league_n truce_n and_o treaty_n of_o state_n with_o foreign_a prince_n wherein_o the_o public_a trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o merchant_n be_v ever_o include_v conclude_v and_o make_v at_o the_o king_n charge_n do_v not_o the_o king_n council_n of_o state_n and_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n give_v more_o speedy_a hear_n to_o the_o cause_n of_o merchant_n than_o to_o the_o cause_n of_o other_o subject_n do_v not_o the_o king_n maintain_v a_o court_n of_o admiralty_n for_o decide_v of_o marine_a cause_n which_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n concern_v merchant_n do_v he_o not_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o several_a leâ—ger_n ambassador_n in_o italy_n in_o spain_n in_o france_n in_o the_o low_a country_n in_o turkey_n who_o principal_a negotiation_n do_v consist_v in_o procure_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v to_o our_o merchant_n and_o if_o our_o merchant_n do_v suffer_v wrong_a in_o any_o foreign_a country_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o defective_a neglect_n in_o do_v justice_n there_o do_v not_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n grant_v they_o letter_n of_o mart_n or_o reprisal_n that_o they_o may_v right_v themselves_o which_o be_v a_o species_n justi_fw-la belli_fw-la as_o the_o civilian_n call_v it_o and_o if_o the_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o merchant_n be_v multiply_v and_o continue_v with_o a_o high_a hand_n be_v it_o not_o the_o king_n office_n to_o denounce_v and_o prosecute_v war_n against_o such_o a_o people_n as_o do_v refuse_v to_o do_v justice_n unto_o his_o merchant_n for_o this_o cause_n the_o roman_n begin_v the_o first_o punic_a war_n say_v appian_n cicero_n cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n pro_fw-la lege_fw-la manlia_n affirm_v populum_fw-la romanum_fw-la saepe_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la injuria_fw-la suis_fw-la tractata_fw-la bella_fw-la gessisse_fw-la brief_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n be_v great_a in_o this_o age_n than_o ever_o be_v there_o by_o reason_n of_o so_o many_o million_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n bring_v from_o the_o indies_n into_o europe_n and_o the_o price_n of_o all_o merchandize_n be_v withal_o great_o enhance_v and_o the_o charge_n and_o expense_n of_o prince_n exceed_o increase_v be_v it_o meet_v or_o just_a that_o the_o king_n at_o this_o day_n shall_v be_v stint_v or_o bind_v to_o that_o old_a demimark_n only_o for_o native_a commodity_n or_o the_o three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o edw._n 1._o be_v content_a to_o accept_v of_o four_o hundred_o year_n since_o or_o a_o single_a poundage_n only_o which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 4._o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o necessary_a charge_n of_o keep_v the_o sea_n as_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 12_o edw._n 4._o cap._n 5._o 4.cap.5_n which_o grant_v that_o subsidy_n to_o the_o king_n recite_v all_o the_o king_n charge_n in_o support_v the_o trade_n of_o merchant_n be_v unlimited_a and_o infinite_a and_o shall_v the_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n be_v stint_v and_o restrain_v to_o such_o a_o proportion_n only_o as_o the_o subject_n shall_v be_v please_v to_o grant_v unto_o he_o assure_o if_o the_o king_n have_v not_o a_o prerogative_n of_o his_o own_o absolute_a power_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o increase_v the_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n at_o this_o day_n a_o merchant_n countinghouse_n will_v be_v rich_a than_o the_o king_n exchequer_n and_o the_o subject_n who_o may_v live_v private_o and_o moderate_v his_o expense_n and_o yet_o raise_v the_o fine_n of_o his_o copyhold_n and_o rent_n of_o his_o demean_n without_o controlment_n will_v be_v in_o better_a case_n than_o the_o king_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o majesty_n of_o his_o estate_n can_v abridge_v his_o charge_n and_o yet_o shall_v have_v no_o power_n of_o himself_o without_o leave_n of_o his_o subject_n to_o increase_v his_o revenue_n again_o the_o king_n be_v not_o only_o at_o charge_n in_o do_v of_o justice_n to_o his_o merchant_n at_o home_n and_o in_o procure_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v to_o they_o abroad_o but_o the_o do_v withal_o maintain_v a_o royal_a navy_n of_o ship_n the_o best_a the_o fair_a the_o strong_a in_o the_o world_n at_o this_o day_n to_o protect_v all_o merchant_n from_o spoil_n and_o piracy_n on_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o this_o navy_n the_o king_n do_v expend_v more_o treasure_n than_o the_o whole_a revenue_n of_o some_o of_o his_o predecessor_n do_v amount_v to_o and_o he_o do_v not_o only_o secure_a merchant_n by_o sea_n but_o he_o give_v they_o safe_a conduct_n by_o land_n also_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o great_a charter_n so_o as_o they_o may_v well_o give_v our_o king_n that_o title_n which_o virgil_n virgil_n give_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bee_n ille_fw-la operum_fw-la custos_fw-la and_o see_v merchant_n be_v most_o likely_o resemble_v to_o those_o industrious_a creature_n because_o they_o bring_v the_o honey_n to_o the_o king_n hive_n to_o wit_n to_o his_o haven_n and_o port_n where_o they_o and_o their_o merchandize_n be_v protect_v and_o reserve_v why_o shall_v they_o not_o imitate_v the_o bee_n in_o observe_v their_o king_n and_o in_o make_v he_o partaker_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o their_o labour_n neither_o be_v it_o a_o new_a thing_n or_o a_o invention_n of_o this_o age_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchant_n for_o their_o wastage_n and_o protection_n at_o sea_n for_o plinius_n tell_v we_o lib._n 19_o cap_n 4._o lib.19.cap.4_n merces_fw-la praetiosae_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la india_n arabia_n ethiopia_n tuto_fw-la in_fw-la europam_fw-la à _fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la conveherentur_fw-la necessariò_fw-la classem_fw-la parandam_fw-la esse_fw-la adversas_fw-la piraticas_fw-la incursiones_fw-la inde_fw-la maritimi_fw-la exercitus_fw-la habendi_fw-la causa_fw-la vectigal_fw-la rubri_fw-la maris_fw-la institutum_fw-la a_o three_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o interest_n the_o king_n have_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o custody_n thereof_o which_o give_v he_o
power_n to_o shut_v and_o open_v the_o fame_n at_o his_o pleasure_n again_o all_o the_o port_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v the_o king_n not_o only_o the_o cinque-port_n which_o have_v a_o special_a warden_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o port_n be_v also_o his_o and_o many_o of_o they_o bear_v a_o mark_n of_o the_o king_n inheritance_n in_o their_o addition_n as_o linn_n regis_fw-la waymouth_n melcombe_n regis_fw-la pool_n regis_fw-la for_o the_o king_n be_v custos_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o the_o four_o sea_n be_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o the_o haven_n and_o creek_n be_v the_o gate_n and_o postern_n of_o it_o they_o be_v ostia_n they_o be_v ianua_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o we_o find_v two_o port_n in_o italy_n call_v by_o those_o name_n the_o one_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o tiber_n the_o other_o corrupt_o call_v genoa_n but_o the_o true_a name_n thereof_o be_v ianua_fw-la and_o as_o the_o haven_n be_v ianua_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o king_n himself_o be_v janus_n and_o have_v power_n to_o open_v and_o shut_v they_o at_o his_o pleasure_n omnia_fw-la sunt_fw-la nostra_fw-la clausa_fw-la patentque_fw-la manu_fw-la say_v janus_n in_o the_o poet_n and_o again_o modo_fw-la namque_fw-la patulchus_fw-la idem_fw-la et_fw-la modo_fw-la sacrifico_fw-la clusius_n ore_fw-la vocor_fw-la the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o have_v this_o prerogative_n incident_a to_o his_o crown_n to_o shut_v and_o open_v the_o port_n when_o it_o please_v he_o as_o appear_v by_o many_o record_n especial_o by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 3._o 3_o wherein_o be_v find_v many_o petition_n that_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v open_a which_o during_o that_o king_n time_n be_v often_o shut_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n only_o and_o never_o full_o open_v again_o but_o when_o the_o king_n lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o this_o prerogative_n of_o custody_n of_o the_o port_n and_o of_o shut_v and_o open_v the_o same_o be_v reserve_v unto_o the_o crown_n upon_o a_o excellent_a reason_n for_o trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v hold_v with_o all_o person_n neither_o be_v all_o thing_n fit_a to_o be_v import_v or_o export_v for_o such_o person_n as_o be_v enemy_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o come_v to_o discover_v arcana_fw-la regni_fw-la such_o person_n as_o come_v to_o corrupt_v religion_n or_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n such_o person_n as_o under_o colour_n of_o merchandize_n come_v to_o set_v up_o monopoly_n or_o a_o dry_a exchange_n to_o drain_v or_o draw_v away_o our_o commodity_n or_o money_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o again_o such_o commodity_n as_o the_o kingdom_n can_v spare_v as_o corn_n in_o time_n of_o dearth_n and_o such_o as_o may_v advantage_v our_o enemy_n and_o hurt_v we_o in_o time_n of_o war_n as_o horse_n armour_n gunpowder_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v export_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o poison_n heretical_a book_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v apparent_o hurtful_a to_o the_o people_n be_v not_o to_o be_v import_v and_o therefore_o the_o prerogative_n of_o open_v and_o shut_v the_o port_n be_v accompany_v with_o another_o absolute_a power_n of_o stop_v and_o imbar_v of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n sometime_o general_o sometime_o between_o we_o and_o particular_a nation_n and_o sometime_o for_o particular_a merchandize_n only_o whereof_o there_o be_v many_o precedent_n and_o example_n both_o in_o record_n and_o history_n of_o our_o nation_n 2_o edw._n 1._o 1_o rot._n parliament_n m._n 18._o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la 2_o edw._n 3._o 3_o rot._n fin_n m._n 17_o ibid._n 10_o edw._n 3._o 3_o chaunc_fw-la m._n 3._o in_fw-la dorso_fw-la ibid._n 17_o hen._n 6._o 4_o sccio_fw-mi angliae_fw-la matthew_n paris_n hist._n magna_fw-la p._n 568._o 568._o 10_o hen._n 7_o stow._n stow_n and_o this_o prerogative_n of_o imbar_v trade_n do_v result_v out_o of_o the_o undoubted_a prerogative_n which_o the_o king_n have_v to_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n with_o foreign_a nation_n for_o open_a war_n be_v no_o soon_o denounce_v but_o all_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n be_v stop_v and_o imbar_v between_o the_o nation_n which_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o war_n durante_fw-la bello_fw-la inter_fw-la reges_fw-la christianos_fw-la merces_fw-la quascunque_fw-la exportare_fw-la vetamur_fw-la ne_fw-la regni_fw-la arcana_fw-la serutentur_fw-la say_v a_o doctor_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n whereupon_o we_o make_v this_o argument_n that_o since_o the_o king_n have_v absolute_a power_n of_o shut_v the_o port_n and_o stop_v trade_n it_o stand_v with_o as_o good_a reason_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o like_a power_n to_o lay_v reasonable_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n for_o open_v of_o the_o port_n and_o for_o give_v of_o freedom_n of_o trade_n again_o he_o that_o may_v do_v the_o more_o may_v do_v the_o less_o non_fw-la debet_fw-la ei_fw-la cui_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la majus_fw-la est_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la minus_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la licere_fw-la say_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n he_o that_o may_v prohibit_v merchant_n not_o to_o trade_n or_o pass_v may_v dispense_v with_o that_o prohibition_n and_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o go_v and_o traffic_n sub_fw-la modo_fw-la again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v dominus_fw-la maris_fw-la which_o flow_v about_o the_o island_n as_o divers_a ancient_a book_n and_o record_n do_v testify_v as_o fitz_n avowry_n 192._o 6_o rich._n 2._o protection_n 46._o rot._n scotiae_fw-la m._n 16._o in_o arch._n turris_n turris_fw-la and_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o only_o quoad_fw-la protectionem_fw-la et_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la sed_fw-la quoad_fw-la proprietatem_fw-la and_o this_o be_v our_o neptune_n trident_n for_o god_n give_v unto_o man_n as_o well_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o the_o earth_n where_o it_o be_v say_v gen._n 1._o 1_o replete_a terram_fw-la et_fw-la subjicite_fw-la eam_fw-la and_o dominamini_fw-la piscibus_fw-la maris_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_fw-la psal._n 8._o omnia_fw-la subjecit_fw-la pedibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la pisces_fw-la maris_fw-la and_o quicquid_fw-la perambulat_fw-la semitas_fw-la maris_fw-la and_o therefore_o baldus_n baldus_n affirm_v de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la distincta_fw-la esse_fw-la dominia_fw-la in_fw-la mare_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_fw-la terra_fw-la arida_fw-la and_o again_o mare_fw-la attribuitur_fw-la terrae_fw-la circunstanti_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v though_o there_o be_v but_o one_o ocean_n in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v quasi_fw-la insula_fw-la say_v strabo_n strabo_n yet_o be_v there_o mare_n gallicum_n sardicum_fw-la creticum_n aegypticum_fw-la and_o oceanus_fw-la britanicus_n germanicus_n etc._n etc._n which_o particular_a name_n do_v note_v a_o propriety_n in_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o land_n adjoin_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o our_o common_a law_n do_v give_v unto_o ourk_v all_o the_o land_n which_o be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n which_o stampford_n stampford_n in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n do_v affirm_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la quia_fw-la mare_fw-la seu_fw-la particula_fw-la maris_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la territorio_fw-la illius_fw-la civitatis_fw-la vel_fw-la regni_fw-la cui_fw-la magis_fw-la appropinquat_fw-la say_v one_o learned_a doctor_n mare_fw-la se_fw-la extendit_fw-la cum_fw-la aquae_fw-la flnt_fw-la mensurabiles_fw-la say_v another_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o all_o navigable_a river_n as_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n and_o the_o river_n of_o lee_n and_o divers_a other_o be_v call_v in_o our_o book_n the_o king_n stream_n 19_o ass_n p.6_n p.6_n dyer_n 117_o a_fw-la because_o cause_v such_o river_n be_v arm_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o far_o as_o the_o sea_n do_v flow_v in_o they_o 22._o ass._n p._n 93._o 93._o and_o last_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v all_o subject_n whatsoever_o to_o pass_v over_o the_o sea_n without_o his_o licence_n and_o to_o that_o end_n in_o 22_o edw._n 4._o 4_o the_o king_n command_v the_o warden_n of_o the_o cinque ports_o and_o the_o bailiff_n of_o all_o other_o port_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o man_n ship_n or_o boat_n to_o pass_v beyond_o the_o sea_n quousque_fw-la rex_fw-la illud_fw-la mandaverit_fw-la and_o the_o like_a commandment_n be_v give_v 4_o edw._n 3._o 3_o 21_o edw._n 3._o 3_o 16_o rich._n 2._o 2_o 17_o hen._n 6._o 6_o if_o therefore_o the_o king_n have_v such_o a_o absolute_a interest_n in_o the_o port_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o all_o navigable_a river_n wherein_o the_o king_n port_n be_v situate_v for_o the_o main_a part_n why_o shall_v he_o not_o have_v the_o like_a absolute_a power_n to_o limit_v and_o prescribe_v unto_o merchant_n what_o duty_n they_o shall_v pay_v and_o upon_o what_o term_n and_o condition_n they_o shall_v pass_v to_o and_o fro_o upon_o the_o sea_n and_o
come_v in_o and_o out_o of_o his_o stream_n and_o port_n with_o their_o ship_n and_o merchandize_n podagium_fw-la in_fw-la mari_fw-la debet_fw-la solvi_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_fw-la terra_fw-la si_fw-la sit_fw-la impositum_fw-la per_fw-la dominum_fw-la maris_fw-la say_v baldus_n and_o the_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v another_o doctor_n be_v ius_fw-la navigandi_fw-la jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la jus_fw-la imponendi_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la pro_fw-la utroque_fw-la again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v the_o like_a prerogative_n in_o the_o government_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n belong_v to_o this_o kingdom_n as_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v within_o their_o dominion_n he_o must_v of_o necessity_n have_v the_o like_a absolute_a power_n as_o they_o all_o have_v to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v otherwise_o he_o can_v possible_o hold_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n upright_o or_o preserve_v a_o equality_n of_o traffic_n between_o his_o own_o subject_n and_o the_o subject_n of_o foreign_a prince_n and_o consequent_o it_o will_v lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o our_o neighbour_n to_o drain_v and_o draw_v away_o all_o our_o wealth_n in_o a_o short_a time_n or_o else_o to_o overthrow_v all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n between_o we_o and_o they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o we_o shall_v have_v no_o mean_n to_o encounter_v or_o avoid_v the_o mischief_n for_o their_o prince_n have_v sole_a power_n to_o impose_v will_v have_v the_o sole_a make_n and_o manage_n of_o the_o market_n between_o their_o subject_n and_o we_o and_o consequent_o may_v set_v what_o price_n they_o please_v upon_o all_o merchandize_n enforce_v we_o to_o sell_v our_o commodity_n cheap_a and_o buy_v their_o commodity_n dear_a only_o by_o this_o advantage_n of_o lay_v imposition_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n of_o england_n must_v of_o necessity_n have_v the_o same_o absolute_a power_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o other_o prince_n have_v as_o well_o ut_fw-la evitetur_fw-la absurdum_fw-la as_o to_o prevent_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o equal_a balance_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n between_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o subject_n of_o foreign_a prince_n upon_o this_o reason_n when_o the_o duke_n of_o venice_n in_o the_o time_n of_o q._n eliz._n as_o be_v before_o express_v have_v lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o one_o ducat_n upon_o a_o 100_o li._n weight_n of_o currant_n carry_v out_o of_o his_o dominion_n by_o any_o english_a merchant_n the_o queen_n by_o special_a patent_n in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n do_v enable_v the_o merchant_n which_o do_v trade_n into_o the_o levant_n to_o levy_v five_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n upon_o every_o 100_o livre._n weight_n of_o currant_n bring_v into_o england_n by_o any_o merchant_n stranger_n tempore_fw-la upon_o the_o like_a reason_n when_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n hen._n 8._o 8._o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o french_a king_n have_v raise_v the_o valuation_n of_o their_o money_n both_o so_o high_a as_o there_o grow_v not_o only_o a_o inequality_n of_o trade_n between_o their_o subject_n and_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n but_o our_o money_n stand_v at_o their_o former_a value_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n in_o great_a quantity_n the_o king_n in_o the_o 24_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n grant_v a_o commission_n unto_o cardinal_n woolsey_n to_o enhance_v the_o value_n of_o english_a money_n likewise_o by_o that_o mean_n to_o set_v balance_n of_o trade_n even_o again_o and_o to_o keep_v our_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n upon_o the_o same_o reason_n of_o state_n when_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n 1614_o that_o now_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1614_o have_v lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o thirty_o upon_o the_o hundred_o on_o all_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v by_o stranger_n the_o french_a king_n hen._n 4._o be_v quick_o sensible_a of_o it_o and_o do_v forthwith_o impose_v the_o like_a in_o his_o kingdom_n then_o it_o follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o other_o nation_n shall_v follow_v and_o imitate_v they_o whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o commerce_n of_o merchant_n general_o throughout_o christendom_n begin_v to_o decay_v which_o be_v perceive_v by_o these_o two_o great_a prince_n they_o agree_v to_o take_v away_o those_o excessive_a imposition_n upon_o several_a treaty_n between_o they_o and_o the_o italian_n and_o after_o between_o they_o and_o the_o english_a and_o the_o dutch_a brief_o we_o find_v example_n in_o all_o age_n that_o whensoever_o by_o reason_n of_o war_n or_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n any_o foreign_a prince_n give_v the_o least_o impediment_n to_o merchant_n in_o their_o trade_n our_o prince_n give_v the_o like_a entertainment_n to_o their_o merchant_n again_o this_o be_v declare_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o 30_o where_o it_o be_v plain_o express_v what_o entertainment_n the_o merchant_n of_o all_o nation_n shall_v expect_v in_o england_n habeant_fw-la salvum_fw-la et_fw-la securum_fw-la conductum_fw-la say_v the_o charter_n praeterquam_fw-la in_fw-la tempore_fw-la guerrae_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la fuerint_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la contra_fw-la nos_fw-la guerrina_fw-la then_o as_o our_o merchant_n be_v use_v with_o they_o so_o shall_v their_o merchant_n be_v use_v with_o we_o 46_o edw._n 3._o 3_o the_o countess_n of_o flanders_n have_v arrest_v the_o good_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n there_o the_o king_n in_o recompense_n of_o their_o loss_n grant_v unto_o they_o all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o england_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o notable_a record_n mention_v before_o 1_o edw._n 3._o 3_o pat_o m_o 19_o in_o arch._n turris_n there_o be_v many_o other_o example_n of_o mutual_a embarment_n of_o trade_n between_o the_o fleming_n and_o we_o and_o also_o between_o we_o and_o the_o french_a man_n during_o our_o war_n with_o france_n which_o i_o omit_v i_o will_v recite_v only_o one_o precedent_n in_o the_o 40_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n elizabeth_n at_o which_o time_n the_o merchant_n of_o the_o haunce_n town_n have_v by_o sinister_a information_n procure_v the_o emperor_n to_o banish_v our_o english_a merchant_n out_o of_o the_o empire_n the_o queen_n by_o her_o special_a commission_n do_v authorise_v the_o mayor_n and_o sheriff_n of_o london_n to_o repair_v to_o the_o still-yard_n be_v the_o hostell_n of_o the_o haunce_n to_o seize_v that_o house_n into_o her_o majesty_n hand_n and_o there_o to_o give_v warning_n to_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o haunce_n town_n to_o forbear_v traffic_n with_o any_o of_o her_o subject_n in_o england_n and_o to_o depart_v the_o realm_n upon_o that_o very_a day_n which_o be_v assign_v to_o our_o merchant_n to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o empire_n last_o for_o the_o order_n and_o government_n of_o trade_n among_o our_o own_o merchant_n in_o foreign_a country_n and_o at_o home_n our_o king_n by_o their_o prerogative_n have_v institute_v divers_a society_n and_o company_n of_o merchant_n as_o the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventure_n the_o muscovia_n company_n the_o turkey_n company_n the_o east_n india_n company_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v create_v uphold_v and_o rule_v by_o the_o king_n charter_n only_o whereupon_o i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v the_o same_o power_n in_o govern_v and_o balance_v trade_n as_o other_o prince_n have_v may_v just_o execute_v the_o same_o power_n as_o well_o by_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o by_o the_o other_o mean_n which_o be_v before_o express_v chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o several_a objection_n that_o be_v make_v against_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o the_o several_a answer_n thereunto_o the_o first_o objection_n 1_o touch_v the_o property_n which_o all_o free_a subject_n have_v in_o their_o good_n first_o it_o be_v object_v that_o under_o a_o royal_a monarchy_n where_o the_o prince_n do_v govern_v by_o a_o positive_a law_n the_o subject_n have_v a_o property_n in_o their_o good_n and_o inheritance_n in_o their_o land_n ad_fw-la reges_fw-la potestas_fw-la omnium_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la singulos_fw-la proprietas_fw-la so_o as_o the_o king_n have_v no_o such_o prerogative_n say_v they_o whereby_o he_o may_v take_v away_o the_o land_n or_o good_n of_o a_o subject_a without_o his_o consent_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o a_o case_n of_o forfeiture_n and_o therefore_o though_o samuel_n foretell_v the_o people_n when_o they_o desire_v a_o king_n hoc_fw-la erit_fw-la ius_fw-la regis_fw-la tollere_fw-la agros_fw-la vestros_fw-la and_o vineas_fw-la and_o oliveta_fw-la and_o dare_v seruis_fw-la suis_fw-la yet_o ahab_n though_o he_o be_v a_o wicked_a king_n do_v not_o claim_v that_o prerogative_n when_o he_o covet_v naboth_n vineyard_n neither_o do_v he_o enter_v into_o it_o until_o naboth_n by_o false_a witness_n be_v condemn_v and_o stone_v to_o death_n for_o blasphemy_n and_o then_o he_o take_v it_o for_o a_o lawful_a escheat_n but_o when_o the_o king_n do_v
it_o be_v true_o say_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n that_o his_o majesty_n that_o now_o be_v and_o all_o his_o noble_a progenitor_n have_v use_v and_o put_v in_o practice_n this_o prerogative_n with_o more_o moderation_n and_o favour_n towards_o the_o people_n than_o any_o foreign_a state_n or_o prince_n in_o the_o world_n have_v beside_o and_o that_o in_o three_o respect_n first_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v make_v use_n of_o this_o prerogative_n only_o in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n upon_o such_o only_a and_o not_o upon_o any_o other_o good_n which_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v within_o the_o land_n neither_o do_v he_o by_o his_o absolute_a power_n alone_o impose_v any_o tax_n upon_o land_n or_o capita_fw-la hominum_fw-la or_o capita_fw-la animalium_fw-la or_o upon_o other_o thing_n innumerable_a whereof_o there_o be_v strange_a precedent_n and_o example_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a in_o other_o country_n second_o the_o king_n do_v not_o charge_v all_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n with_o this_o imposition_n now_o in_o question_n for_o in_o the_o letter_n patent_n whereby_o the_o imposition_n of_o twelve_o penny_n in_o the_o pound_n over_o and_o above_o the_o subsidy_n of_o poundage_n be_v lay_v and_o limit_v divers_a kind_n of_o commodity_n be_v except_v especial_o such_o as_o serve_v for_o food_n and_o subsistence_n of_o the_o king_n people_n for_o set_v the_o poor_a on_o work_n for_o maintenance_n of_o navigation_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o like_a nature_n as_o before_o be_v declare_v three_o the_o imposition_n which_o be_v lay_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n upon_o merchandize_n be_v not_o so_o high_a as_o the_o imposition_n and_o exaction_n set_v and_o take_v by_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n for_o the_o high_a imposition_n in_o ireland_n be_v but_o twelve_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n or_o but_o a_o single_a poundage_n which_o be_v but_o five_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o be_v the_o low_a rate_n in_o christendom_n at_o this_o day_n and_o in_o england_n there_o be_v add_v but_o twelve_o penny_n in_o the_o pound_n more_o which_o be_v but_o ten_o pound_n upon_o the_o hundred_o pound_n and_o yet_o divers_a sort_n of_o merchandize_n as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v except_v and_o discharge_v of_o that_o imposition_n of_o the_o second_o imposition_n of_o twelve_o penny_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n let_v we_o see_v the_o practice_n of_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n in_o lay_v imposition_n and_o how_o far_o they_o have_v extend_v and_o strain_v their_o prerogative_n in_o that_o point_n beyond_o and_o above_o the_o imposition_n in_o england_n i_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o have_v gain_v the_o monarchy_n of_o the_o world_n so_o as_o all_o kingly_a power_n do_v rest_n in_o their_o emperor_n first_o julius_n caesar_n lay_v the_o first_o imposition_n imposition_n upon_o foreign_a merchandize_n say_v suctonius_n peregrinarum_fw-la mercium_fw-la portaria_fw-la primus_fw-la instituit_fw-la and_o that_o imposition_n be_v octava_fw-la rerum_fw-la pars_fw-la which_o be_v more_o by_o a_o five_o part_n than_o our_o high_a imposition_n in_o england_n for_o it_o be_v two_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n next_o augustus_n caesar_n about_o the_o time_n of_o our_o saviour_n birth_n send_v out_o a_o edict_n whereby_o he_o do_v tax_v all_o the_o world_n and_o this_o tax_n be_v capitatio_fw-la or_o a_o imposition_n super_fw-la capita_fw-la hominum_fw-la though_o the_o quantity_n thereof_o do_v not_o appear_v but_o the_o poll-money_n which_o our_o saviour_n do_v pay_v and_o wrought_v a_o miracle_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o high_a insition_n for_o the_o piece_n of_o money_n take_v out_o of_o the_o fish_n mouth_n which_o be_v call_v didrachma_fw-la or_o stater_n be_v say_v to_o be_v worth_a two_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n sterling_a which_o be_v give_v for_o himself_o and_o peter_n da_fw-la illis_fw-la pro_fw-la me_fw-la et_fw-la te_fw-la show_v that_o fifteen_o penny_n sterling_a be_v give_v for_o a_o poll_n which_o must_v needs_o amount_v to_o a_o infinite_a thing_n if_o it_o be_v collect_v over_o all_o the_o world_n then_o subject_a to_o the_o roman_a emperor_n tiberius_n the_o roman_a emperor_n emperor_n who_o succeed_v augustus_n take_v the_o hundred_o part_n of_o all_o thing_n buy_v and_o sell_v within_o the_o empire_n which_o perhaps_o be_v a_o imposition_n of_o great_a value_n and_o profit_n than_o the_o other_o caligula_n caligula_n the_o emperor_n lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o all_o suit_n in_o law_n and_o take_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o thing_n sue_v for_o and_o set_v a_o pain_n upon_o the_o plaintiff_n if_o he_o compound_v or_o be_v nonsuited_a without_o his_o licence_n he_o likewise_o impose_v a_o number_n of_o sesterii_fw-la upon_o every_o marriage_n contract_v or_o make_v within_o the_o whole_a empire_n vespasian_n vespasian_n in_o mean_a and_o more_o homely_a matter_n take_v by_o way_n of_o imposition_n a_o part_n of_o every_o poor_a labourer_n wage_n and_o part_n of_o every_o beggar_n alm_n he_o set_v likewise_o a_o imposition_n upon_o urine_n and_o please_v himself_o with_o this_o apothegm_n dulcis_fw-la odor_fw-la lucri_fw-la ex_fw-la re_fw-la qualibet_fw-la severus_n the_o emperor_n do_v impose_v upon_o the_o dishonest_a gain_n of_o the_o stew_n and_o take_v part_n of_o the_o prostitute_n there_o as_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n do_v at_o this_o day_n all_o the_o emperor_n before_o trajan_n take_v the_o twenty_o part_n of_o all_o legacy_n and_o land_n descend_v as_o thing_n which_o come_v unlooked_v for_o and_o as_o a_o clear_a gain_n and_o therefore_o the_o heir_n and_o legatory_n may_v easy_o spare_v a_o part_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o nicephorus_n one_o of_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n do_v not_o only_o take_v sumaria_fw-la tributa_fw-la smoke-money_n out_o of_o every_o chimney_n but_o he_o lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o every_o man_n estate_n that_o grow_v sudden_o rich_a upon_o a_o presumption_n that_o he_o have_v find_v a_o treasury_n which_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n by_o prerogative_n with_o a_o little_a more_o search_n i_o may_v find_v out_o other_o imposition_n of_o several_a kind_n set_v by_o the_o ancient_a emperor_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o beast_n upon_o the_o tile_n of_o house_n and_o the_o like_a i_o may_v add_v hereunto_o the_o imposition_n set_v by_o lorraine_n upon_o every_o pane_n of_o glass_n in_o window_n but_o these_o may_v suffice_v how_o high_a they_o strain_v and_o how_o far_o they_o extend_v their_o prerogative_n in_o this_o point_n of_o imposition_n second_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v overcome_v by_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n and_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n and_o thereby_o break_v into_o kingdom_n and_o free_a state_n their_o pass_a divers_a age_n before_o these_o monarchy_n can_v be_v well_o settle_v and_o before_o peace_n breed_v plenty_n any_o plenty_n breed_v civility_n and_o before_o trade_n traffic_n commerce_n and_o intercourse_n can_v be_v establish_v between_o these_o state_n and_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o while_o these_o state_n and_o kingdom_n be_v yet_o but_o poor_a and_o while_o there_o be_v a_o general_a scarcity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o for_o want_v of_o money_n there_o be_v but_o little_a trade_n and_o traffic_n among_o the_o people_n either_o at_o home_n or_o broad_a king_n and_o prince_n do_v not_o neither_o can_v they_o make_v that_o use_n of_o their_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n as_o they_o have_v do_v in_o those_o latter_a time_n since_o all_o art_n and_o science_n have_v be_v increase_v all_o commodity_n improve_v and_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n indies_n have_v be_v transport_v into_o this_o hemisphere_n but_o now_o let_v we_o see_v whether_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o other_o country_n round_o about_o we_o at_o this_o day_n make_v not_o a_o far_o more_o profitable_a use_n of_o their_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o their_o people_n than_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v albeit_o his_o kingly_a power_n be_v full_a as_o large_a as_o any_o of_o they_o in_o france_n france_n the_o most_o rich_a and_o ancient_a of_o the_o neighbour_n kingdom_n the_o imposition_n not_o only_o upon_o merchandize_n cross_v the_o sea_n but_o also_o upon_o land_n good_n person_n of_o man_n within_o the_o realm_n be_v so_o many_o in_o number_n and_o in_o name_n so_o divers_a as_o it_o be_v a_o pain_n to_o name_n and_o collect_v they_o all_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o more_o painful_a thing_n for_o the_o people_n of_o that_o kingdom_n to_o bear_v they_o all_o la_fw-fr tally_n le_fw-fr talon_n les_fw-fr aid_n les_fw-fr aquavalentes_fw-la les_fw-fr equi_fw-la pollentes_fw-la les_fw-fr cruces_fw-la or_o augmentation_n of_o divers_a kind_n le_fw-fr hop_n benevolence_n la_fw-fr cabelle_n
principal_o to_o these_o cause_n follow_v first_o our_o king_n of_o england_n have_v always_o go_v before_o and_o beyond_o all_o other_o king_n in_o christendom_n in_o many_o point_n of_o magnificency_n and_o especial_o in_o this_o that_o they_o have_v always_o have_v a_o more_o rich_a and_o royal_a demean_v belong_v to_o the_o crown_n i_o mean_v more_o large_a and_o royal_a patrimony_n in_o land_n and_o rent_n than_o ever_o any_o christian_a king_n have_v before_o or_o now_o have_v at_o this_o day_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o revenue_n of_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n do_v principal_o consist_v in_o such_o gabelle_n imposition_n and_o exaction_n as_o be_v before_o remember_v and_o not_o in_o terr_v a_o firma_fw-la not_o in_o such_o a_o real_a and_o royal_a patrimony_n as_o have_v ever_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o therefoâ—â—_z other_o king_n be_v less_o able_a to_o â—â—â—ntain_v their_o estate_n or_o more_o covetous_a in_o their_o own_o nature_n have_v lay_v heavy_a burden_n upon_o their_o subject_n than_o ever_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v lay_v or_o will_v do_v or_o hereafter_o have_v need_n to_o do_v god_n be_v bless_v for_o it_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v have_v the_o prince_n portion_n speak_v of_o before_o in_o 45_o of_o ezekiel_n 45_o and_o therefore_o they_o have_v no_o need_n so_o to_o oppress_v the_o people_n again_o we_o may_v ascribe_v this_o difference_n to_o the_o bounty_n and_o noble_a nature_n of_o our_o king_n that_o they_o will_v never_o descend_v to_o those_o poor_a and_o sordid_a exaction_n which_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n do_v take_v of_o their_o subject_n sordidum_fw-la putandum_fw-la est_fw-la aurum_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la lachrimis_fw-la oritur_fw-la as_o a_o good_a counsellor_n tell_v vespasian_n again_o we_o may_v ascribe_v it_o to_o the_o wisdom_n and_o policy_n of_o our_o king_n who_o will_v never_o follow_v the_o counsel_n of_o rehoboam_n young_a counsellor_n boni_fw-la pastoris_fw-la est_fw-la oves_fw-la tondere_fw-la non_fw-la diglubere_fw-la as_o tiberius_n the_o emperor_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v odi_fw-la hortulanum_fw-la say_v alexander_n qui_fw-la ab_fw-la radice_fw-la olera_fw-la excindit_fw-la qui_fw-la nimis_fw-la emergit_fw-la elicit_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la say_v solomon_n solomon_n they_o well_o consider_v that_o the_o money_n levy_v by_o tax_n and_o imposition_n be_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o people_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v let_v out_o in_o any_o great_a quantity_n but_o to_o save_v the_o life_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o commonwealth_n when_o she_o be_v sick_a indebt_v and_o in_o great_a danger_n again_o it_o may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o their_o piety_n and_o religion_n which_o move_v they_o to_o follow_v the_o counsel_n of_o the_o divine_a rule_n deut._n 17._o 17_o where_o the_o king_n be_v warn_v not_o to_o multiply_v upon_o he_o much_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o that_o indeed_o there_o do_v seldom_o come_v good_a by_o great_a treasure_n heap_v up_o by_o a_o great_a prince_n for_o it_o do_v but_o nourish_v pride_n and_o ambition_n in_o he_o and_o stir_v he_o up_o many_o time_n to_o make_v a_o unjust_a war_n upon_o his_o neighbour_n or_o if_o he_o leave_v it_o unto_o his_o successer_n it_o make_v they_o luxurious_a and_o vicious_a which_o draw_v with_o it_o sometime_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n sed_fw-la optimus_fw-la et_fw-la certissimus_fw-la thesaurus_fw-la principis_fw-la est_fw-la in_fw-la loculis_fw-la subditorum_fw-la say_v the_o learned_a buterus_n in_o his_o book_n against_o machiavelli_n machiavelli_n let_v the_o king_n say_v he_o have_v a_o care_n to_o maintain_v religion_n and_o justice_n and_o peace_n in_o his_o kingdom_n this_o will_v soon_o bring_v plenty_n with_o a_o continual_a increase_n and_o make_v a_o rich_a and_o wealthy_a people_n then_o shall_v the_o king_n never_o want_v money_n to_o serve_v his_o just_a and_o necessary_a and_o honourable_a occasion_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o sovereign_n shall_v be_v poor_a when_o the_o subject_n be_v rich_a and_o until_o occasion_n do_v arise_v the_o coffer_n of_o his_o subject_n will_v be_v his_o best_a exchequer_n they_o will_v be_v his_o treasure_n they_o will_v be_v his_o receiver_n his_o teller_n without_o fee_n or_o wage_n no_o bad_a accountant_n shall_v deceive_v he_o nor_o no_o bankrupt_a officer_n shall_v deceive_v he_o they_o will_v keep_v the_o treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o frugal_o as_o no_o importunate_a courtier_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o withdraw_v the_o same_o from_o a_o prince_n but_o that_o it_o shall_v still_o remain_v in_o store_n to_o supply_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n last_o our_o king_n of_o england_n in_o their_o wisdom_n well_o understand_v the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o their_o people_n and_o know_v they_o to_o be_v a_o free_a generous_a and_o noble_a nation_n hold_v they_o not_o fit_a to_o be_v beat_v with_o rehoboam_n rod_n esteem_v they_o too_o good_a to_o be_v whip_v with_o scorpion_n and_o therefore_o god_n be_v bless_v we_o have_v not_o in_o england_n the_o gabeller_n stand_v at_o every_o town_n end_n we_o have_v not_o a_o publican_n in_o every_o market_n we_o pay_v not_o a_o gabell_n for_o every_o bunch_n of_o reddish_n or_o branch_n of_o rosemary_n sell_v in_o cheapside_n we_o have_v none_o of_o those_o harpy_n which_o do_v swarm_n in_o other_o country_n we_o have_v no_o complain_v in_o the_o street_n as_o be_v say_v in_o the_o 144._o psalm_n 144_o and_o therefore_o i_o may_v well_o conclude_v with_o the_o conclusion_n of_o that_o psalm_n happy_a be_v the_o people_n that_o be_v in_o such_o a_o case_n bless_a be_v the_o people_n that_o have_v the_o lord_n for_o their_o god_n above_o in_o heaven_n and_o king_n james_n for_o their_o king_n here_o upon_o earth_n finis_fw-la these_o book_n follow_v be_v print_v for_o henry_n twyford_n and_o partner_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n in_o vine-court_n middle_a temple_n the_o complete_a attorney_n or_o the_o practic_a part_n of_o the_o law_n a_o learned_a treatise_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n by_o sir_n james_n ley_n knight_n the_o life_n of_o the_o apostle_n st._n paul_n soliloquy_n meditation_n and_o prayer_n of_o st._n bonaventure_n the_o discontent_a colonel_n by_o sir_n john_n sucklin_n the_o european_a mercury_n the_o humble_a remonstranee_n of_o sir_n john_n stawell_n hebdomada_fw-la magna_fw-la or_o the_o great_a week_n of_o christ_n passion_n sir_n robert_n brooks_n read_v on_o the_o statute_n of_o limitation_n kitchen_n jurisdiction_n of_o court_n leet_n court_v baron_n etc._n etc._n rich._n brownlow_n esq_n prothonotary_n to_o the_o court_n of_o common_a plea_n his_o report_n the_o first_o and_o second_o part._n declaration_n and_o plead_n english_a judicial_a writ_n plowdens_n abridgement_n abridgement_n of_o lord_n cook_n littleton_n abridgement_n of_o pulton_n statute_n at_o large_a by_o edmund_n wingate_n esq_n the_o book_n of_o the_o draw_n up_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o judgement_n the_o body_n of_o law_n by_o edmund_n wingate_n esq_n the_o marrow_n of_o law_n or_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o faithful_a counsellor_n office_n and_o duty_n of_o executor_n in_o 8._o layman_n lawyer_n or_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o practic_a part_n of_o the_o law_n a_o commentary_n on_o the_o original_a writ_n by_o william_n hughes_n esq_n stevenson_n poem_n the_o anabaptist_n anatomize_v in_o a_o dispute_n between_o mr._n crag_n and_o mr._n tomb_n caesar_n commentary_n with_o sir_n clement_n edmund_n observation_n the_o complete_a clerk_n and_o scrivener_n guide_n be_v the_o exact_a form_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n and_o instrument_n now_o in_o use_n as_o they_o be_v pen_v by_o learned_a counsel_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a the_o counesse_fw-fr of_o arundell_n secret_n in_o physic_n and_o surgery_n etc._n etc._n the_o history_n of_o the_o trouble_n of_o swethland_n and_o poland_n justinian_n dict._n and_o stud._n 1.lib.cap.2_a baldus_n baldus_n strabo_n justinian_n halicar._n lib.3_o bracton_n stampford_v prà rogat_fw-la regis_fw-la fol._n 37.6_o 19_o e._n 4.6_o 37_o e._n 6.20_o 11_o h._n 4_o com._n 316_o 7_o e._n 4.19.3_o r._n 3.2_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap.30_n ulpian_n 13_o edw._n 4.9,10_o reg._n fol.135_n f._n n.117_n d._n f._n n.117_n d._n 2_o e._n 3_o regist._n 259_o a._n bodin_n register_n 122_o 6._o 46_o hen._n 3_o rot._n pa._n 3._o e_o i.m._n 19_o in_fw-la archis_fw-la turris_fw-la london_n 3_o edw._n 1_o 27_o e._n 3_o cap._n 2_o cicero_n 13_o e._n 4.9_o lex_fw-la civilis_fw-la cicero_n offic._n li_fw-it 2_o bodin_n de_fw-fr repub._n li.2.cap.8_n bodin_n stephen_n king_n of_o spain_n pope_n eluther_n two_o r._n 2_o chopinn_z rhodian_n the_o canon_n law_n decret._n cause_n 24_o quaest._n 3_o canonist_n poll-money_n st._n paul_n fortescue_n 1h_o 7.fol.23_n 3_o edw._n 1_o pat_o m_o 21_o f.n._n 170_o d._n register_n of_o writ_n fol._n 107_o custom_n and_o toll_n strabo_n 38_o h._n 8_o dyer_n 43._o edw._n 1_o edw._n 2._o edw._n 3_o bates_n case_n de_fw-fr currant_n in_o sccio_n per_fw-la fleming_n chief_a baron_n 3_o edw._n 1._o 3_o edw._n 1_o rot._n fin.memb.24_n statute_n 25_o e._n 1_o dyer_n 29._o 30_o h._n 8.43_o 31_o fd_o 3.60_o 27_o e._n 3_o prizage_n and_o butlerage_n 52_o h._n 3_o 31_o ed._n 1_o gauger_n alneger_n 14_o ed._n 2_o customer_n controller_n searcher_n 25_o e._n 1_o ed._n 2_o 11_o e._n 2_o the_o writ_n to_o his_o collecttor_n of_o his_o custom_n collector_n of_o his_o custom_n raimundus_n lullius_n 1_o ed._n 1_o rot._n fin_n m._n 30_o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la le_fw-fr record_n 17_o ed_n 3._o rot._n 308_o in_o sccio_n angliae_fw-la etc._o etc._o 12_o ed._n 3_o rot._n almaniae_n pars_fw-la 1._o numb._n 3_o 31_o ed._n 3_o rot._n parl._n numb.24_a 13_o ed._n 1_o 14_o ed._n 3_o staple_n at_o calais_n e._n 3_o r._n 2_o h._n 4_o h._n 5_o dyer_n 165_o 12_o eliz._n 12_o eliz._n letter_n patent_n 28_o july_n 6._o iac._n bodin_n lib._n 6_o de_fw-la repub._n ca._n 2_o caligula_n appian_n cicero_n 12_o ed._n 4.cap.5_n virgil_n plin._n lib.19.cap.4_n tempore_fw-la edw._n 3_o 2_o edw._n 1_o 2_o edw._n 3_o 10_o ed._n 3_o 17_o hen._n 4_o matthew_n paris_n histor._n magna_fw-la p._n 568._o 10_o hen._n 7_o stow_n fitz_n avowry_n 192.6_o rich._n 2_o protection_n 46_o rot._n scotiae_fw-la nu_fw-la 16_o in_o arch_n turris_fw-la gen._n 1_o baldus_n strabo_n stampford_n 19_o ass_n p.6_n 22._o ass_n p_o 93._o 22_o ed._n 4_o 4_o edw._n 3_o 21_o ed._n 3_o 16_o ri._n 2_o 17_o h._n 6_o tempore_fw-la henry_n 8._o the_o k._n of_o spain_n imposition_n in_o an._n 1614_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30_o 46_o ed._n 3_o i_o edw._n 3_o anno_fw-la 40._o elizabeth_n object_n 1_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o 1._o object_n object_n 2_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o 2._o object_n solomon_n henry_n 7._o poeta_fw-la object_n 3_o 3_o edw._n 2_o 5_o edw._n 2._o 13_o ed._n 3_o 14_o ed._n 3_o 12_o ed._n 3_o 18_o ed._n 3_o 22_o ed._n 3_o 13_o ed._n 3_o lord_n latimer_n richard_n lion_n i._n peachy_n 50_o ed._n 3._o rot._n parli_n numb._n 33._o 50_o ed._n 3_o rot._n parl._n num.191_n in_o arch._n turris_n dyer_n 1_o eliz._n fol.165_n the_o answer_n to_o object_n 3_o 5_o edw._n 2_o senatus_fw-la rome_n solomon_n julius_n caesar_n augustus_n caesar_n edw._n 1_o edw._n 3_o nero_n edw._n 2_o rich._n 2_o petition_n be_v of_o divers_a kind_n and_o have_v divers_a answer_n mayletolt_n 3_o king_n cap._n 12_o 14_o ed._n 3.cap.13_n anno_fw-la 29_o ed._n 3_o 6_o edw._n 3_o rot._n parl._n nu.4_n 13_o edw._n 3_o rot._n parl._n numb.5_n 18_o ed_n 3._o rot._n parl._n nu.10.26_n in_o arch._n turris_n 28_o ed._n 3._o rot._n parl._n numb._n 27._o 38_o ed._n 3._o rot._n parl._n numb.26_n 6_o edw._n 3_o rot._n parl._n numb.4_n lionscase_v 50_o ed._n 3_o rot._n parl._n nu.17,18_a lord_n latimer_n case_n peachy_n case_n 1_o eliz._n dyer_n fol.165_n object_n 4_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o forth_o object_n dyer_n 44._o statute_n of_o northampton_n 2_o edw._n 3_o object_n 5_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o 5._o object_n k._n ed._n 4_o julius_n caesar_n imposition_n tiberius_n the_o roman_a emperor_n caligula_n vespasian_n the_o imposition_n of_o france_n the_o spanish_a imposition_n gutturis_fw-la de_fw-la gabellis_fw-la quaest._n 174._o the_o d._n of_o tuscany_n imposition_n the_o imposition_n by_o the_o pope_n sixtus_n quintus_fw-la the_o imposition_n of_o the_o signiory_n of_o venice_n baltholus_n baidus_fw-la the_o imposition_n of_o the_o low_a country_n the_o imposition_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n of_o turkey_n the_o imposition_n of_o denmark_n ezek._n 45_o solomon_n deut._n 17_o buterus_n contra_fw-la machiavelli_n psa._n 144_o