capitulation to summon the States Generall and suspecting there might be some desseins against her authoritie she endevour'd to prevent it divers wayes First in the Mandats sent to the Governors of Provinces and Towns for the elections of Deputies there were speciall cautions inserted to choose no factious persons The second means was to defer the convocation of the States Generall till the Kings majority was declar'd that so his authoritie might be the more compleat and absolut whereby he might have a greater power to take into his hands her interests and oppose such resolutions that might prejudice them Lastly whereas the said convocation was appointed first to be at Rheims then at Sens she sent summons abroad that it should be held at Paris where the King was strongest by the residence of his servants the affections of all orders of people and the assistance of the ordinary Court of Parliament which is still there sitting though it was us'd to be ambulatory with the Kings Court. Now the difference which is in France between an Assembly of the three Estates and their Parliaments is that the former hath an analogie both in point of institution power and summons with our Soverain high Court of Parliament in England compos'd of Lords and Commons wherein the King sits as head and it is He alone who opens and shuts it with his breath This being the greatest of all Assemblies treats of matters touching the universall good of the State and the making correcting or repealing of laws and it is the highest Sphere which gives motion to all the rest The Parliaments of France whereof there are eight have not the same latitude of power yet are they Supreme Courts or Sessions of Justice where mens causes and differences are publikly determined in last ressort without any further appeale and any Peer of France by right of inheritance hath a capacitie to sit there The day being assign'd for publishing the Kings Majority the Queen Regent and He with his now sole brother the Duke of Anjou for his brother the Duke of Orleans was lately dead went in a stately solemn maner to the Court of Parliament accompagnied with the prime Prelats and Peers of the Kingdom and amongst them there were fower Cardinalls A contestation happen'd 'twixt the Cardinalls and Peers for precedency because the twelve Peers of France before an Ordinance made by Henry the third preceded any Prince of the bloud at the Coronation and Sacring of the King and the declaration of his Majority was an Act reflecting on that Yet the King inordred the priority for that time to the Cardinalls because they were Princes of the Church universal which made the Peers retire from the Court lest it might serve for a precedent to future Ages The Court being sat and all silenc'd the Queen Regent riss up and said That she prais'd and thank'd God to have afforded her grace to bring up her son to the yeers of his Majority and to maintain his Kingdom in peace the best she could That now he being come to age she transmitted the Government to him exhorting the company there present and all other his subjects to render him that service obedience and fidelity which is due unto him as to their King The Chancelor hereupon pronounced the Arrest of the Court importing a verification of the declaration of his Majesties Majority which was done in a solemn studied Oration This great solemnity did not end so but it was accompagnied with four wholsom Edicts as the first fruits or hansels of his raign 1. The first aym'd at a general concord 'twixt his subjects by strict injunction of observing the Edict of Nantes concerning them of the Religion 2. The second aym'd at a generall obedience prohibiting all ligues confederacy and intelligence with any strange Prince or State under pain of lifs 3. The third against Duells 4. The fourth against Blasphemy and Swearing Thus ended the Regency of Maria de Medici in form though not in effect for she swayed a good while after as Queen Mother in all Counsels the King reposing still his chief confidence in her during her Regency she did many public things which discover'd a pious and Princely soul Amongst others she provided divers Hospitalls in the suburbs of Saint German for the relief of the poor the aged and sick and to set young people at work which will continue there as long as the walls of Paris for monuments of her honour and charity The King having notice that the Deputies of the three States were com he sent the B p. of Paris to warn them in his name to fit themselfs for receiving the grace of God that so a blessing might fall upon their consultations to which purpose three daies fast was enjoyn'd them to prepare them the better for the holy Communion which was also inordred them So according to ancient custom a generall Procession was made wherein divers ranks of Fryars and Hopitalers went before then followed the Deputies of the third Estate who took place according to the rank of the 12. Governments of France and made in number 192. The Nobles followed them in number 132. They of the Clergie went last who made 140. so that in all they came to 464. which number I observe is inferior to that of the English Parliament where the Members of the House of Commons alone which corresponds the Third Estate in France come to neer upon 500. After these the King himself followed on foot accompagnied with the Queen and the Princes and Peeres The next day after all met in Bourbon House hall where the young King told them That having not long since declar'd his Majority he thought fitting to convoque the States Generall of his Kingdom to begin his raign by their good advice and Counsell to receive their complaints and provide for redres accordingly as it should be more amply told them by his Chancelor who took the word therupon This generall overture and Ceremony being ended the States Generall spent some daies to visit one another and to choosing of their three Praesidents or Prolocutors which they presented to the King with protestation of all fidelity and obedience The next day they took the Communion all in one Church going six at a time viz. two of every Order to the holy Table The Munday following they reassembled intending to fall close to work but their proceedings were retarded by some differences which interven'd touching the rank of the 12. Provinces or Governments and this clash kept a great noise till the King interpos'd therin his Authority and by the advice of his Privy Counsel which they submitted unto made this decision marshalling the 12. Governments thus 1. the Isle of France whereon Paris stands 2. Burgundy 3. Normandy 4. Guyen 5. Britany 6. Champany 7. Languedoc 8. Picardy 9. Dauphine 10. Provence 11. Lionnois 12. Orleans This being regulated by the King they fell to the main work and three Propositions were made the first by
by armed hand seizd upon the town and castle of Iuillers The opposit Princes having besieg'd him there sent to France for help Hereupon Marshall de la Chastre march'd with those 12000. Auxiliaries and his conjunction with the other Princes was so fortunat that Iuillers was rendred up upon composition to the Duke of Newburg and Marquis of Brandenburgh but with this proviso that the Roman Religion should still have free exercise there This relief of Iuillers was the first forren act that happen'd in the raign of Lewis the thirtteenth and the expedition was intended before by his father Although in successif hereditary Kingdomes as France and England where the law sayeth the King never dieth the act of Coronation be not so absolutly necessary as to appertain to the essence of the thing yet hath it bin used as a ceremony not superfluous for the satisfaction of the people Hereupon there were great preparations made for the crowning and the anointing of the young King with the holy oyle which is kept alwayes in the town of Rheims in a little vial and the French faith is That it is part of the same oyle wherewith Clovis who was the first Christian King of France converted by his wife above 1000. yeers since was anointed and that a Dove brought down in her beak the said vial into the Church and so vanish'd which oyl they say continues fresh and sweet and without diminution to this day The said vial was once caried away by the English but it was recovered by the inhabitants of Povilleux for which they enjoy divers priviledges to this day This ceremony of Coronation in France is a very solemn thing and continues above eight houres long without intermission The twelve Peers are the chiefest Actors in it whereof there are six Spiritual and six Temporal the last six have now no being in France but only in name For they ought to be the Dukes of Burgundy Normandy and Aquitain the Earls of Tholouse Flanders and Champagny all which are represented by Deputies in this act One of the first circumstances in this ceremony is that two Bishops come and knock in the morning at the Kings Bed-chamber dore the Great Chamberlain asks them what they would have they answer Lewis the thirteenth son to Henry the Great The Lord Chamberlain replies He sleeps The Bishops a while after knock gently again and demand Lewis the thirteenth whom God had given them for their King So the dore opens and he is caried in solemn procession to the great Church At the communion he takes the bread and the wine to shew that his dignitie is Presbyterial as well as Regal The Parisians are bound to provide certain birds which are let loose that day up and down the Church whereof one was observ'd to sit and sing a great while upon the canopy that was caried over the Kings head which was held to be an auspicious augury Grace before and after diner is sung before him and the sword is held naked all the while with a multitude of other ceremonies The King seeming to be tyred having bin so many hours in the Church and born the crown on his head with divers other heavy vests upon his body was ask'd what he would take to take the like pains again he answer'd for another Crown I would take double the pains The King and Queen Regent being return'd to Paris the scene where the last act of this pomp should be perform'd before the triumph was ended there was a dash of water thrown into their wine by news that was brought of an insurrection that was in Berry by Florrimond de Pay Lord of Vatan who undertook to protect certain Salt Merchants by arms which he had leavied but he was quickly suppress'd and his head chop'd off divers of his complices hang'd and strangled This was the first flash of domestic fire that happen'd in the raign of Lewis the thirteenth which was the more dangerous because the said Lord of Vatan was of the Religion and 't was fear'd the whole body of them would have abetted him There arise a little after two ill-favour'd contentions twixt Church-men which kept a great noise for the present One was of the Iesuits who presented a remonstrance to the Court of Parliament that by vertu of an Edict of Henry the Great 1611. they might be permitted to open their Colledg of Clermont for the instruction of youth and to erect Classes for the public Lecture of the Sciences in a scholary way The Rector of the Universitie seconded by the Sindic of Sorbon with the whole body of Academiks oppos'd it mainly The first thing the Court ordred was that the Jesuits should subscribe to a submission and conformitie to the Doctrin of the Sorbon Schoole in these foure points 1. That the Pope hath no power over the temporalls of Kings and that he cannot excommunicat them or deprive them of their Kingdoms 2. That the Counsell is above the Pope 3. That the Ecclesrastiques are subject to the Secular and Politic Magistrat 4. That auricular Confessions ought to be reveal'd which concern the State and lifes of Kings and Soverain Princes All which Propositions tended to the maintenance of royal authoritie the conservation of the sacred persons of Kings and the liberties of the Gallie Church The Jesuit shrunk in their shoulders at this motion so one in the name of the rest answer'd that amongst their Statuts there was one which oblig'd them to follow the rules and laws of those places where they were therefore they could not promise their General would subscribe to the foresaid propositions but their Provincial in France should do it with the whole Colledg of Clermont which was done accordingly yet the Parliament could never be induc'd to passe a Decree whereby they might be authorized to open their Colledg in Paris for the education of youth though afterwards the King and Queen Regent by sole advise of the Counsell of State notwithstanding the opposition of Parliament and Universitie pass'd an Edict in their favour And this was done out of pure reason of State for the world knows what dangerous instruments Jesuits are if offended The other scuffle amongst Church-men was of a greater consequence which was thus The Iacobins who are the chiefest order of preaching Friers have a generall Chapter every three yeers in Paris This convention happen'd this yeer and divers Tenets were propounded there One amongst the rest was That in no case the Counsell is above the Pope There sate in this Assembly many eminent persons as the Cardinal of Perron the Popes Nuncio with divers other great Prelats There were also some Presidents of Courts there and Counsellors and the Provost of Paris Amongst others Hacquevill President in the great Chamber of Parliament at the debatement of the said thesis stood up and averr'd that it was heretical whereat the Nuncio was offended and after some heat of argument pro and con Cardinal Perron took the word
acces that notwithstanding he seems to cast the fault upon certain Counsellors yet all bounds upon her by reflection she declares that long before the reception of his Letter she had resolv'd and to that end there were public dispatches abroad to summon the Convocation of the States Generall she takes exception that he should call them Estats seurs libres States sure and free which made her conceive a violent jealousie of some artifice on his side to sow seeds of difficulties in the said great Assembly she alledgeth that from the beginning she imparted both to him and the Co of Soissons the mariage with Spain that they approved of them and subscribed the Articles That the late King declared his inclination unto it when Don Pedro de Toledo pass'd through France And so she concluds with exhortation that he wold appear in the Assembly of the three Estates and bring with him all his Confederats to contribut the great zeal they professe to the common good of the Kingdom The Queens Letter was large and in it there was a curious mixture of meekness and Majestie The Duke of Vendosme sent her also two Letters but he could get no answer to either Thus a fearfull black clowd hung over poor France which the Queen Mother essayed by all means possible to dissipat before it shold break out into a tempest of intestine War therefore the King and she descended to send again the Duc of Vantadour accompanied with the Presidents of Thou and Ieanin with others to draw Conde to a treaty of accord which at last was agreed upon and the prime Capitulations were these 1. That the States Generall shold assemble in the Town of Sens within such a time wherin the Deputies of the three Orders may safely and freely make such Remonstrances and Propositions that they shall hold in their consciences to be profitable for the common good for the redresse of disorders and conservation of public tranquillity 2. His Majesty being willing to gratify the Prince of Conde hath upon his prayer and instance and upon assurance of his future affection and fidelity accorded to put into his hands the Castle of Amboise as a gage till the States Generall dissolve and 100. men for garrison in the said Castle 3. That 100. men shall be entertain'd in Mezieres 200. in Soissons whereof the Duc of Main is Governor till the States Generall have risen 4. That Letters shall be sent from his Majesty verified by the Court of Parliament wherin his Majesty shall declare unto the world that there was no ill intention against his service by the said Prince and his Associats therfore that they shold be never prejudic'd for the future in their estates or persons 5. That in consideration of the expences the said Prince might be at in this business his Majesty accords to give him 450000. Franks to dispose of as he shall think fit 6. That the eldest sonne of the Duke of Nevers shall succeed his father in the Government of Champany These with divers other Articles of this kind the King was induc'd I will not say inforc'd to condescend unto for preventing of greater evils and it was call'd the Treaty of Saint-Menehou And one would have thought that a gentle calme should have follow'd and that the meeting of the States General would have perpetuated it But behold two ill-favor'd accidents like two impetuous puffs put things again in disorder The one was that the Duke of Vendosin would not put Blavet into the hands of the Marquis of Caeuures according to the Kings command but stood still upon his gard in Britany The second was an affront which Conde alledg'd to have receiv'd from the Bishop of Poitiers who would not suffer him to enter the Town as he pass'd to his government of Dauphine and secur'd the Castle of Amboise being sought unto by the Governor the Duc of Roanez to establish his authoritie there The Bishop arm'd first and the town after his example Conde writes a Letter to the Queen Regent which did not please her well for he subscribes himself only her thrice-humble servant and neveu whereas he was us'd to write your thrice humble and thrice obedient servant and subject The Marquis of Bonnivet a creature of Condes had not yet dismissd all his troupes therefore under his authoritie he harasseth and plunders all the Countrey about Poitiers sacks the Bishops House and commits many sacrilegious and execrable outrages The young King hearing this gets presently a Horsback and sends the Duke of Main before to stop the ravages of Bonnivet so he followeth after and passing by Orleans Blois Tours and Chastel le heraud a cautionary town of them of the Religion who notwithstanding presented the Keys to his Majesty as he pass'd he came to Poitiers where he reconcil'd the Prince of Conde and the Bishop caus'd Bonnivet to disband his forces compos'd of Picaroons and vagabonds Thence he went to Nants where also he rang'd the Duke of Vandosme to obedience dismantled the Fort at Blavet and so having in a short compasse of time compos'd and quash'd all things he returns triumphantly to Paris where an Ambassadour was attending him from Zuric who desir'd to enter into an alliance with him as the rest of the Cantons had This was the first exploit that Lewis the thirteenth did in his own person which like the rising Sun dispell'd those frog vapors that hover'd in Poictou and Britany and it was held a good augury for the future The presence of a King is oft-times very advantageous for Rebellion durst never stare long in the face of Majesty which useth to lance out such penetrating refulgent rayes that dazzle the eyes of Traytors and put them at last quite out of countenance With this achievment we will conclude his Minority and his Mothers Regency And as this first expedition of his prov'd lucky so was his whole life attended with a series of good successes as if Fortune her self had rid with him all the while upon the same horse And now must we put a period to the first lustre of Lewis the thirteenths raign and with it to his minoritie or bassage We proceed to his second lustre wherewith his majoritie begins being arriv'd to the yeer fourteen The second Lustre of the Life of Lewis the 13th raigne and of his Majoritie ANd now our Story must mount up to his Majority and follow him to his full age wherein he entred at fourteen yeers and the broken number of the Lords yeer was coincident being sixteen hundred and fourteen But I have read an old Author who writes that without any consideration had of yeers the French Kings arrive to maturitie and are capable to sway the Scepter when they come to be as high as a sword let their age be what it will In the former Chapter we told you that by vertue of the Treatie of St. Menehou the Queen Regent had promis'd and was oblig'd to the Princes by
sent to the King Condé to make his quarrel more colourable and being heightned by the said Arrest of the Parliament of Paris added divers Articles more to his Manifesto viz. 1. That further research be made for the assassinat of Henry the Great 2. That a reformation be made of the Kings Counsell 3. That the grievances of the three Estates be answer'd with divers other They of the Religion were yet Neutrals and thinking to fish in these troubled waters propos'd these high demands 1. That the independence of the French Crown be declar'd 2. That the Counsell of Trent be never publish'd in this Kingdom 3. That his Majesty shall be desir'd to declare that upon his Coronation oath for extirpation of heresies he understood not or comprehended his subjects of the Religion 4. That in all public Acts it shall be inserted no more the pretended reform'd Religion but only Religion 5. That their Ministers shall be payed by the King c. These with divers other Propositions were first made at Grenoble where the King permitted them to Assemble but Lesdigueres could not endure them there therefore they remov'd to Nismes and thence to Rochell notwithstanding that the King commanded the contrary The Prince of Condé had an Agent in the Assembly who much press'd them to enter into the ligue with him which they did at last and writ a Letter to the King of the cause of their conjunction with Condé And as the King was importun'd by them of the Religion one way so was he sollicited by the Roman Catholiques of Bearn on the other side that his Majesty would please to restablish them in the possession of their goods whereof they were depriv'd by Iane d'Albret his paternal granmother Amongst these counter-distractions there came news unto the King that the 6000. Suisses which he had from the Protestant Cantons had quitted his pay and party and return'd to their own Countrey by the perswasion and practises of them of the Religion Madame the Kings sister being recover'd He went to Bourdeaux where the Spanish Ambassadour came to demand her for the Prince of Castile The Duke of Guise had a Procuration to marry her the next day which he did the Cardinal of Sourdis officiating and the pietie of the King much appear'd in the ceremony because he commanded the Cardinals Chaire should be put on a higher ground then his The same day the Duke of Lerma married the Infanta of Spain in Burgos for the King of France These nuptial ceremonies being perform'd Madame now Princesse of Castile departed from Bourdeaux conducted by the Duke of Guyse and in regard a rumor ran that they of the Religion as also the Count of Grammont with others who were said to have ligu'd with Condé had way-laid the young Bride the King commanded all the Regiment of his gard to attend her putting himself in the interim in the hands of them of Bourdeaux The exchange of the two Princesses was made upon a river call'd Bidasso hard by St. Iohn de Luz which separats those two mightie Kingdoms there were two stately Barges to waft them the Spaniards on their side had a huge vast globe representing the world rais'd upon a pavilion very high which made an ostentous shew The Duke of Guise took exception at it and protested he would never bring o're the Princesse till it was taken down which was done accordingly The next day the young Queen came to Bayon where Luynes then favorit to the King attended her with a Letter all written by the King himself in these words Madame since I cannot according to my desire find my self neer you at your entrance into my Kingdom to put you in possession of the power I have as also of my entire affection to love and serve you I send towards you Luynes one of my confident'st servants to salute you in my name and tell you that you are expected by Me with much impatience to offer unto you my Self I pray therefore receive him favorably and to beleeve what he shall tell you Madame from your most deer friend and servant Lewis Luynes deliver'd her also from the King two rich Standards of Diamonds which she receiv'd and kiss'd and from her table at Supper She sent a dish of meat unto him In the morning She return'd this Answer to the King Sir I much rejoyc'd at the good news Luynes brought Me of your Majesties health I come therewith being most desirous to arrive where I may serve my Mother and so I am making hast to that purpose and to kisse your Majesties hand whom God preserve as I desire Anne Being come afterwards to Bourdeaux they both receiv'd the nuptial benediction in magnificence according to the qualitie of the act and the persons and medals were made and thrown up and down with this Motto aeternae foedera Pacis pledges of eternal peace but the Poet that made that peece of verse for a Motto was no good Prophet for the eternal peace he spoake of lasted not many yeers between the two nations who notwithstanding that nature hath conjoyn'd them neer enough in point of local distance there being but a small river whereon the two Princesses were exchang'd that severs them yet there is no two people on earth are further asunder and more differing in disposition affections and interests being herein right Antipodes one to the other By this alliance is verified the saying of the Italian that Kings may wed but kingdoms never It appears also hereby what a hard destiny and sorry condition attends the daughters of Soverain Princes who are commonly made sacrifices of State and oblations for Politicall respects being also to be maried to aliens and oft-times to husbands of a different Religion they are wood by Proxy they must choose by picture fancy upon trust and tied in a knot indissoluble to one they never saw but in effigie perchance and afterwards they must be contented to be unpatriated disterr'd and as it were banish'd for ever from their own sweet native soyle and the ayr they first breath'd yet as the Civilian saith although they are the end of the House whence they come they are the beginning of that wherein they enter While the King was celebrating his nuptials in his town of Bourdeaux by divers inventions and exercises of pastime and pleasure as masks tilting playes bals and dances Condé with his Confederats leads another kind of dance up and down France but while he danc'd and revell'd thus the poore Countrey sung lachrymae being pitifully oppress'd torn and harass'd in most parts there being six or seven armies in motion on both sides he encreas'd mightily by concourse of partisans by conjunction of them of the Religion and by divers successfull rencounters The King on the other side was at a very low ebb having exhausted that two millions and a half of liures he had taken himself in person out of the Bastile and being put to hard shifts to get money to
defray his ordinary expences the town of Bourdeaux to her eternal glory shew'd herself carefull of his honor and supplied him Add hereunto that two whole armies fell from him that of the Suisse consisting of 6000. and that under the Duke of Vendosm being the greater of the two the one only left him the other turn'd against him and the whole body of them of the Religion declar'd it self against him and actually help'd the other side Moreover his Parliament at Paris would not verifie his Edicts Yet in the midst of all these straits He marcheth resolutly from Bourdeaux with his new Queen to joyn his army with Bois Dauphin with a purpose either to present battaile to the adverse party or to draw them to a treaty Espernon met him in the way with 4000. foot and 500. horse The Duke of Nevers did very much labour and made journeys to and fro for an accommodation and his endevors took so good effect that a Conference was agreed on at Lodun where Commissioners were appointed and did meet on both sides in the interim the Duke of Guyse perform'd a notable exploit with 2000. of the Kings prime horses wherwith he set upon three Regiments of Condés at Nantueil which he slew took and put to flight carrying all their colours to the King for a present Hereupon a suspension of arms was accorded through all the Kingdom except in Anjou Perch and the frontiers of Britany where Vendosm continued all acts of hostility notwithstanding that he had his Deputy at the Conference The King was then advanc'd to Chastel le Heraud where Villeroy deliver'd him the Articles of the Truce sign'd by the Princes and where a Legat came from the Pope to deliver him the Imperial Sword and to the Queen the Rosetree of flowers and leaves of gold Thence the King went to Blois where after a long debate an Edict of Pacification was publish'd upon the Treaty of Lodun which consisted of 54. Articles wherein all the Princes with their adhaerents as also They of the Religion found satisfaction and divers persons of base condition were nominated therein which the world cryed shame upon By this Edict the King approv'd of all actions pass'd as having bin done for his Service and by consequence tacitly disadvow'd what He and his Counsell had ordain'd to the contrary The former Arrests of the Court of Parliament of Paris which the King had suspended were reestablish'd and they of the Counsell of State annull'd and many high demands were accorded to them of the Religion The Chancelor Sillery and divers others who were the Kings Favorits before were outed of their offices Besides the said Edict there were also secret Articles condescended unto containing rewards and honors to some particular men in lieu of punishment and they were presented in a privat close way to the Parliament to be verified with the gran Edict The Court wav'd them a while but afterwards by expresse commandment of the Kings and by a Declaration he made that those secret Articles contain'd no more then what was granted in the secret Articles of the Edict of Nants already verified by the same Court the businesse pass'd though with much reluctancy for if those of Nants were verified what need these being the same have a second verification This as it were enforc'd Verification was accompagnied with Letters Patents from the King in special favor to the Prince of Condé and others Letters in favor of them of the Religion by which his Majesty declar'd not to have understood his subjects of the Reform'd pretended Religion in the Oath and Protestation he had made at his Coronation to employ his sword and power for the extirpation of heresies which put the world in an astonishment because it made the meaning of the Taker of that Oath and of the Prelat who administred it to differ This turn'd afterwards rather to the disadvantage then the benefit of the Demanders for those hard and high termes which reflected so much upon the conscience of a yong King stuck deep in his breast nor could he ever digest them as will appear in the ensuing Story Nor was his honor thought much to suffer hereby being newly come out of his nonage little vers'd in the art of Government and having not attain'd that courage and yeers which use to strike awe into Subjects This shrew'd tempest being pass'd the weather broak up and clear'd And the King brought his new Queen to Paris having surmounted such a world of difficulties and waded through a sea of troubles he had bin absent thence neer upon a twelvemoneth therefore you may well imagin with what joy and triumph the Parisians receiv'd him Observable it is that in this voyage the King notwithstanding that he had condescended to hard capitulations yet he attain'd his main ends which was to perfect the Alliance with Spain and to fetch home his wife in safety which he did maugre the great Martiall oppositions that were made by most of the Princes of France who malign'd the match In this yeer there happen'd some ill-favor'd jarrs in Italy twixt the Dukes of Savoy and Mantova about Monferrat The King employed thither the Marquis of Coeuures to compose the difference but he return'd without doing any good notwithstanding that the Ambassador of his Majesty of Great Britain joyn'd with him He sent afterwards the Marquis of Rambovillet who caried himself with more addresse for he tamper'd with the affections of the French and Suisses which made the better part of the Duke of Savoys army with such dexterity that the Duke entring into a diffidence of them hearkned to a Treaty Don Pedro de Toledo then Governor of Milan was arm'd for the Mantovan and by this Treaty both Parties were to disband in the interim if the Spaniard attempted any thing upon Monferrat France should assist his Highnes of Savoy But the Spaniard though he attempted nothing yet he reinforc'd his Troupes which struck an apprehension of fear into the Venetians who of all Nations are most eagle-ey'd to foresee dangers because there was a small difference twixt them and the Archduke of Grats about the Uscochi which made them confederat and co-arme with the Savoyard there were great Forces on both sides and Don Pedro took Verselli Damian but his Majesty of France employ'd thither Mons. de Bethune who procur'd a Treaty in Pavia to that end which took effect but the Spaniard afterwards delaying to give up Vercelli Modene Luynes kinsman was sent thither who did the work The difference also twixt the Republic and the Archduke of Grats was accommoded by French intercession so that in lesse then a twelve moneths four Ambassadors went from France to Italy About this time the Lord Hayes afterwards Earl of Carlile came in a very splendid equippage to Paris to congratulate in his Majestie of Great Britain's name 1. The alliance with Spain 2. The arrivall of the new Queen 3. The Kings return to Paris 4. The end
'twixt him and the gown-men of the law amongst others Du Vair the then Lord Keeper and he could not agree Du Vair did him ill offices to Luynes who began to malign him more and more So the little Duke had two mighty enemies at once the one full of cunning the other of credit with the King therefore being at the Town of Metz the King sent him order not to stir thence because there were like to be wars in Germany Espernon sent answer that he being in the next place to Germany had receiv'd certain advice that there are no commotions like to be there that his Majesties service and his own affairs were all in a disarray in Guyen and that he knew not in what to serve him there unlesse it were to convey his packets to and fro Therefore he humbly desir'd his Majesties permission to go for Guyen whither some pressing occasions call'd him and that La Vallette his son shall render him a good account of that place The Queen Mother and he had much privat intelligence and she sent him an expresse to complain unto him of her hard condition and withall she sent the Originall of a late Letter unto her from the King wherein he permits her to go to any Town or place throughout his Dominions his own Court excepted so in conclusion she prayes and conjures him as he was a Cavalier to help her out and conduct her to Angoulesme The old Duke was glad of this advantageous conjuncture of things therefore without any further attendance of the Kings pleasure he suddenly leaves Metz commanding the Gates to be close shut for two dayes after his departure and so went towards the Queen Mother with a resolution to intermingle his interests and dangers with hers So he employ'd le Plessis a confident of his who receiv'd the Queen first of all out of the Castle window and convey'd her over the river in the dead of night where she met the Archbishop of Tholouse after Cardinal de la Valette with 15. horse and a little further the Duke himself with 60. great horse for he would have no more for making too great a noise so he attended her to Angoulesme The King resented to the quick this presumption and hardinesse of the Duke who being asked how he durst venture upon so dangerous an enterprise he answer'd Because I would have two cables to my Ship in a storme that was like to fall upon me The King hereupon frames an army to chastise the insolence of Espernon the Duke of Guyse was commanded to come from Province and the Duke of Mayn from Guien to meet him about Angoulesme with forces Some held it to be a derogatory and unbefitting thing in the King to keep such a stir for to have a revenge upon his own Mother and upon a Vassal and an old Officer of the Crown and so advis'd his Majesty to go thither with his ordinary Guards Others counsel'd him to separat the interests of the Queen Mother from the Dukes and to send a person of quality to her to dispose of her to a conformity to his pleasure and to leave the Duke to stand upon his own legs To which purpose divers were sent unto her from the King but in vain for she could never be brought to abandon the interests of Espernon who had expos'd himself to such dangers for her Hereupon the Bishop of Lucon afterwards Cardinal of Richelieu who was retir'd to Avignon and had been in great esteem with her formerly was sent for by the Kings command to atetnd the Queen and being a man of eloquence and of powerfull reasons he moulded the Queens mind as he pleas'd and fitted it for a reconciliation being thus prepar'd the King sent Marossan unto her to assure her of the obedience and love of a Son and withall to demand of her a dimission of the government of Normandy for other places which she should have in exchange She as'kd Marossan whether he brought any letters from the King about that he said no because the King at the first enterview would speake with her by word of mouth about it but he was resolv'd not to write to her and why so replied the Queen Madame said he I have not in charge to tell you the reason but if you command me I will You will do me a pleasure said she It is Madame because the King having written unto you a letter full of affection at Blois wherein he was willing you might go into any other place within his Kingdom you gave the letter to the Duke of Espernon thereby to affoord him means to colour his conveying you away from Blois and conduct you hither for fear therefore that you would doe the like again he is resolv'd to write no more unto you of any matter of moment The Queen enlarg'd her self upon that subject saying That any body would do as she did being in captivitie there being nothing that the brute animals desire more then freedom and therefore this inclination was not to be wondred at in rationall creatures so she came to the point and conform'd her self to the Kings desires in every thing Matters being brought to this passe the King suffer'd the Prince of Piemont to go visit her which he had long desir'd with much impatience being come with his brother Prince Thomaso neer Angoulesme Espernon with a hundred great horse went to meet them in a handsome equippage The Prince stay'd there some dayes to wait upon his new Mother in law and at his departure she gave him a Diamond of high price which was the Emperour Ferdinands her Grandfather and so he return'd to the King A while afterthere was an enterview appointed 'twixt the King and his Mother at Cousieres a House of the Duke of Monbazons in Touraine The Duke of Espernon attended her to the farthest limits of his government and at parting she gave him a rich Diamond conjuring him never to part with it but that it might be preserv'd from father to son as an eternall gage of her gratitude and in memory of the gallant and most signal service which he had render'd her to the hazard of his life and fortune The Duke us'd to wear the said Diamond afterwards upon his finger in a ring upon festivall dayes which he said cost him two hundred thousand Crowns The Queen being come to the place of meeting Luynes who was now made Duke and Peer of France and Governor of Normandy was sent from the King before-hand after his first audience the Queen brought him to her Cabinet where she melted into passion and complain'd of the hard usage she had receiv'd which she would quite forget yet she could not refrain from falling still upon the mention of her hard usage which did her no good afterwards for Luynes thereby fear'd that matters pass'd had taken such lasting impressions in her that they could never be defac'd and considering the vindicatif spirits of the Nation whence
mediat a Peace for them of the Religion and in case of refusall to use certain menaces hereupon he coming to the Army and finding the approches to the said Town were almost finish'd he hastned his addresses to the King for an audience The King referring him to Luynes and desiring that what he had to say might be first imparted unto him he went accordingly to Luynes lodgings and deliver'd his Message so that he reserv'd still the latter part which was menace untill he heard how the busines was relish'd Luynes had hid behind the hangings a Gentleman of the Religion who was upon point of turning Roman that being an earwitnes of what had pass'd between the English Ambassador and Luynes he might relate unto them of the Religion what little hopes they were to expect from the intercession of the King of England The Ambassador and Luynes having mingled some Speeches the language of Luynes was very haughty saying What hath your Master to do with our Actions Why doth he meddle with our affairs Sir Edward Herbert replied It is not to you to whom the King my Master owes an account of his Actions and for Me it is enough to obey Him In the mean time I must maintain that the King my Master hath more reason to do what he pleaseth to do then you have to ask why he doth it Nevertheles if you desire me in a gentle fashion I shall acquaint you further Whereupon Luynes bowing a little said very well The Ambassador answer'd That it was not on this occasion only that the King of Great Britain had desir'd the Peace and prosperity of France but upon all other occasions whensoever any troubles were rais'd in that Countrey And this he said was his first Reason The second was That when a Peace was settled there His Majesty of France might be better dispos'd to assist the Palatin in the affairs of Germany Luynes said We will none of your advices The Ambassador replied That he took that for an Answer and was sorry only that the affection and good will of the King his Master was not sufficiently understood and that since 't was rejected in that maner he could do no lesse then say that the King his Master knew well enough what he had to do Luynes said We are not afraid of you The Ambassador smiling a little replied If you had said you had not lov'd Us I should have beleev'd you and made you another Answer In the mean while all I will tell you more is That We know very well what we have to do Luynes hereupon rising a little from his chaire with a fashion and a countenance much discompos'd said By God if you were not Monsieur l' Ambassadeur I know very well how I would use you The Ambassador herewithall rising also from his chaire said That as he was his Majesties of Great Britains Ambassador so he was also a Gentleman and that his sword whereon he laid his hand should do him reason if he took any offence After which Luynes replying nothing the Ambassador went on his way towards the doore to which when Luynes seem'd to accompagny him the Ambassador told him that after such language there was no occasion to use ceremony and so departed expecting to hear further from him But no message being brought him from Luynes he did in poursuance of his instructions demand audience of the King at Cognac St. Iean d' Angely being now rendred who granting it where he did in the same termes and upon the same motives Mediat a Peace for them of the Religion and receiv'd a far more gentle Answer from the King The Marshall de Saint Geran coming to Sir Edward Herbert told him in a friendly maner you have offended the Constable and you are not in a place of surety here whereunto he answer'd That he held himself to be in a place of surety wheresoever he had his sword by him Luynes little resenting the affront he receiv'd from Sir Ed. Herbert got Cadenet his brother Duke of Chaune with a ruffling train of Cavaliers neer upon a hundred whereof there was not one as Cadenet told King Iames but had kild his man in duel Ambassadour extraordinary to England a little after who misreporting the clash 'twixt Sir Ed. Herbert and Luynes prevaild so far that Sir Ed. Herbert was presently revok'd to answer the charge that should be laid against him In the mean time the Earl of Carlile that dexterous Courtier was employ'd extraordinary Ambassador to France for accommodating le mal entendu which might arise 'twixt the two Crowns Carlile was commanded to inform himself of the truth of the businesse afore mention'd and he could meet with no relation but what Luynes had made himself wherein more affronting and haughty expressions were laid to Sir Ed. Herberts charge then had truly pass'd for though the first provocation came from Luynes yet the Ambassadour kept himself within the bounds both of his instructions and honor but as my Lord of Carlile was ready to send this mis-information to England the Gentleman formerly spoken of who stood behind the hangings came to the Earl of Carlile and said that he ow'd so much unto truth and honor that he could doe no lesse then vindicat Cavalier Herbert from all indiscretion and unworthines and thereupon related the true circumstances of the businesse The Earl of Carlile being thus rectified in the knowledge of the truth gave account to King Iames accordingly who cleer'd Sir Ed. Herbert and resolv'd to renvoy him Ambassador to France whereof he having notice kneel'd to the King before the Duke of Buckingham and humbly desired that since the busines was public in both Kingdoms he might in a public way demand reparation of M. Luynes for which purpose he beseech'd his Majesty that a Trumpeter if not a Herald might be sent on his part to M. de Luynes to tell him That he had made a false relation of the passages before mentioned and that Sir Ed. Herbert would demand reasons of him with sword in hand on that point the King answering that he would take it into consideration Luynes a little after died and Sir Edward was again sent Ambassador to France But to return to our former road besides those places formerly mentioned the Towns Suilly Merac and Caumont were also taken for the King but the latter two by the Duke of Mayn Governor of Guyen All Poitou being reduc'd to Royall obedience and setled the King resolv'd to go for Guyen to suppresse the Duke of Rohan and la Force who were in arms and had a considerable Army He left behind the Duke of Espernon with 4000. foot and 600. horse to beleager Rochell and stop the advenues in the interim So he advances to Guyen and divers places in the way open'd their gates unto him till he came to Clairac where he found a tough resistance He lost before the Town the great Lord of Thermes and sundry persons of quality besides
in so much that he would give no generall pardon but reserv'd five for death and there were most pittifully drown'd and kill'd in the Town above 800. whereof there were above 200. Gentlemen The King having reduc'd Clayrac though it cost him dear his thoughts then reflected upon Montauban which after Rochell was the prime propugnacle and principallest Town of security They of the Religion had in the whole Kingdom There was a Royall summons sent before and it was accompanied with a large persuasive Letter from the Duke of Suilly who was one of the chiefest Grandes they had of the Reformed Religion to induce them to conformitie and obedience some interpreted the Letter to a good sense but the populasse by the instigation of the Ministers would not hearken to it This was that Duke of Suilly that had bin a Favorit to Henry the Fourth whom he had reduc'd from a Roman to be a Reformist when he was King of Navar onely and perswading him to become Roman again the Duke bluntly answer'd Sir You have given me one turn already you have good luck if you give me any more Thereupon the siege began and the great Duke of Mayn who had newly come with additionall forces to the King began the first battery and spent 500. Cannon bullets upon them a breach was made but with losse of divers men of note amongst the Royallists the Marquis of Themines breath'd there his last And not long after the brave Duke of Mayn himself peeping out of a gabion within his trenches was shot by a common soldier from the Town The Parisians were much incens'd for the losse of the Duke of Mayn therfore as some of the reformed Religion were coming from Charenton-Sermon they assaulted them in the way hurt divers kil'd some and going on to Charenton they burnt the Temple there but a few nights after two great bridges ore the Seinn were burnt quite down to the water in the City of Paris and a great store of wealth consum'd and it was interpreted to be a just judgement from Heaven for burning of Charenton Temple The Duke of Angoulesm was sent to counter-car the forces of the Duke of Rohan who was then in motion in Guyen and Angoulesm was so succesfull that he gave him a considerable defeat by taking the strong Fort of Fauch in defence whereof 400. of the Reformists were slain The contagion rag'd furiously in the Kings Army before Montauban and divers persons of quality died of it amongst others the Archbishop of Sens brother to Cardinall Perron and the Bishops of Valentia Carcassona and Marseillis and Pierre Matthieu the Historiographer added to the number of the dead This with the approach of Winter caus'd the King to raise his siege from before the Town having lost above five hundred Noblemen and Gentlemen of qualitie besides thousands of common souldiers During this pertinacious siege before Montauban there was a remarquable thing pass'd which was this There was a cunning report rais'd in the Kings Army that Rochell which was then also beleaguer'd by the Count of Soissons and the Duke of Guyse the first by Land the other by Sea was rendred upon composition this report was made to fly into Montauban which must needs strike a shrewd apprehension of fear into her they of Rochell hearing of it articled with Master Hicks an English Gentleman now Sir Ellis Hicks who spake the Language perfectly well that if he would undertake to carry a Letter into Montauban he should receive a noble reward Master Hicks undertook it and passing through the Army that was before Rochell came to Tholouse where my Lord of Carlile was then Ambassador extraordinary Master Hicks meeting with Master Fairfax a young Gentileman brother to the now Lord Fairfax he did associat much with him They both went to see the siege before Montauban and being Gentlemen and thought to be of the English Ambassadors train there was little heed taken of them They got one day between the Kings Trenches and the Town and Hicks being very well mounted told Fairfax If you love your life follow me so he put spurs to his horse having showers of shots powr'd after him he came safe to the gates of Montauban and so he deliver'd the intrusted Letter which brought news in what a good posture Rochell was this so animated the besieged that the next day they made a sally upon the Kings Forces and did a notable execution upon them and a little after the Siege was rais'd so Master Hicks besides the honor of the act had a guerdon equall to the importance of the service and danger of the attempt but Master Fairfax who was inscious of the dessein staying behind and being apprehended was put to the torture and a Diaper napkin dipt in boyling water was squeaz'd down his throat whereof he died a hard destiny of a most hopefull young Gentleman Within the compasse of this yeer there died Paul the Fift Philip the Third of Spain the Arch-Duke Albertus in Flanders Cosmo de Medicis Gran Duke of Toscany and Cardinall Bellarmin To whom may be added also the Duke of Luynes Lord high Constable of France who died in Longuetille a small Town in Languedoc of the purple feavor He was one of the greatest Favourits for so short a time that ever were in France since the Maires of the Palace from whom Emperours afterwards issued His Countrey was Provence and he was a Gentleman by descent though of a petty extraction In the last Kings time he was preferd to be one of his Pages who finding him a good waytor allowed him three hundred crowns per an which he husbanded so frugally that he maintain'd himself and his two brothers in passable good fashion The King observing that doubled his pension and taking notice that he was a serviceable instrument and apt to please he thought him fit to be about his son the Dauphin in whose service he had continued above 15. yeers by a singular dexteritie he had in Faulconry he gain'd so far upon the young Kings affection that he soard to that high pitch of Honor. He was a man of a passable understanding of a mild comportment humble and debonnair to all suters but he was too open in his counsels and desseins he had about him good solid heads who prescrib'd unto him rules of policy by whose compasse he steer'd his cours He came at last to that transcendent altitude that he seem'd to have surmounted all reaches of envie and made all hopes of supplanting him frustrat both by the constant strength of the Kings favor and the powerfull alliances he had got for himself and his two brothers He married the Duke of Montbazons daughter his second brother Cadenet the Heiresse of Pequigny with whom he had 9000. pound lands a yeer His third brother married the Heiresse of Luxemburg of which House there have bin five Emperors so that the three Brothers with their alliances were able to counterbalance
should be a generall peace now 'twixt the French people because of the businesse of the Valtolin where the Spaniard had a purpose to block out France in all places towards Italy which was very necessary to be prevented so that it was not fit to enfeeble France at this time by attempting to extinguish them of the Religion and to plunge the whole Countrey in an intestine war for it was as if one would cut off his left hand with the right This last counsell took more with the King and so he left no way unessayed to reunite all his subjects Hereupon to content the Reformists he caus'd their Temples to be reedified he appointed 60000. Franks for the payment of their Ministers and permitted them to call a Synod at Charenton with divers other acts of compliance provided that on their part they should entertain no strangers for preachers nor admit Ministers into politic Assemblies In these difficulties and anxious traverses of things the King made the Cardinal of Richelieu his principall Minister of State chiefe of his Counsell and Director generall under his authority in the government of the State He made this election by the advice of the Queen Mother principally nor was it an improper choice for the party had a concurrence of high abilities in him answerable to that transcendent trust and he prov'd as will appear by the sequele of things a succesfull Instrument though many doubt whether his Counsel was as succesfull to France as it was fatall to the rest of Christendom which he hath plung'd in an eternall war touching this we leave the Ingenious Reader a freedom of censure according as his judgement shall be guided by an unpartiall and unbiass'd relation of matters as they ly connected in the ensuing part of this story Thus our third Lustre concludes with the commencement of Richelieus greatnes The fourth Lustre of the Life of Lewis the thirteenth VVE began the last lustre with the espousals of the Lady Christina second daughter of France with the Prince of Piemont this begins with the mariage of the Lady Henriette Marie de Bourbon the yongest Royall branch of Henry the Great and this was the first great act that the Cardinal of Richelieu performed after he was come to the superintendency of affairs of State France had two causes of perpetuall apprehensions of fear one external th' other internal The still growing greatnesse of Spain without and They of the Religion within doors which were made frequent use of by any discontented Princes upon all occasions and were cryed up by the Jesuits to be as Matches to set France on fire at any time Therefore the first gran dessein that he projected with himself was to clip their wings and diminish their strength by dismantling their Cautionary Towns and making them dismisse their Garrisons The Cardinal knew the King his Master did not affect them since the Treaty at Lodun wherein they forc'd him to put another interpretation upon his Coronation Oth then his conscience did dictat unto him or the Prelat who administred it unto him meant which appear'd in a churlish answer that he gave them not long after when he was solicited to prolong the terme of holding their Cautionary Towns as Henry the Third and Henry the Great his father had done Which answer was That what grace the first did shew you was out of fear what my father did was out of love but I would have you know that I neither fear you nor love you To compasse that great work of taking from them their Garrison Towns it was thought very expedient to secure forren Princes from assisting them specially England and the united Provinces Touching the latter they were charm'd with money for in a fresh Treaty the King accorded them a million of Franks and six hundred thousand Franks every one of the two yeers next ensuing which they were to re-inburse the next two yeers that they should conclude a peace or truce with Spain The Holland-Ambassadors who were employed in this Treatie did promise the King that there should be libertie of conscience given the Catholiks at his Majesties request That the States should associat the French with them in the commerce of the Indies give them some choice ports for traffic and repaire some depraedations they had made by sea but the money being once got there was little care taken to perform these promises which were no more then parol engagements or rather complements whereupon an Ambassador was expressely sent to complain hereof but he effected little To secure England from succouring Them of the Religion the first overture that the Erl of Holland made for an alliance was yeelded unto to whom the Erl of Carlile was sent in joynt commission to conclude it The King told them that he took it for an honour that they sought his sister for the sole sonne of so illustrious a King his neighbour and Allie onely he desir'd that he might send to Rome to have the Popes consent for better satisfaction of his conscience and in the mean time the English Ambassadors might send for a more plenary power to England so in lesse then the revolution of nine moons this great businesse was propos'd poursued and perfected whereas the Sun ran his carreer through the Zodiac ten times before that Spain could come to any point of perfection This may serve to shew the difference twixt the two Nations the leaden heel'd pace of the one and the quicksilver'd motions of the other it shewes also how the French is more round and frank in his proceedings not so full of scruples reservations and jealousies as the Spaniard And one reason that the Statists of the time alledg'd why Spain amus'd the English and protracted the Treaty of the Match so long was that all the daughters of France might be first married to prevent an alliance 'twixt England and her There was a concurrence of many things that favor'd the effecting and expediting of this alliance some previous Offices and Letters of invitation from France wherein there were strains of extraordinary endearments wherewith the King of Great Britain corresponded also in an unusuall stile as appears by this Letter following Most high most excellent and most puissant Prince Our most deer and most beloved good Brother Cousen and ancient Ally Although the deceased King of happy memory was justly call'd Henry the Great for having re-conquer'd by arms his Kingdom of France though it appertain'd unto him as his proper inheritance Yet you have made now a greater conquest for the Kingdom of France though it was regain'd by the victorious arms of your dead father it was his de jure and so he got but his own But you have lately carried away a greater victory having by your two last Letters so full of cordiall courtesies overcome your good Brother and ancient Ally and all the Kingdoms appertaining unto him for We acknowledge Our self so conquer'd by your more then
brotherly affection that We cannot return you the like onely we can promise and assure you upon the faith of an honest man that you shall have alwayes power not onely to dispose of Our forces and kingdoms but of Our heart and person and also of the person of Our son if you have need which God prevent praying you to rest assured that We shall not onely be far from cherishing or giving the least countenance to any of your subjects of what profession soever of Religion who shall forget their naturall allegiance unto you but if We have the least inkling thereof We shall send you very faithfull advertisement And you may promise your self that upon such occasion or upon any other which may tend to the honor of your Crown you shall alwayes have power to dispose freely of Our assistance as if the cause were Our own so upon assurance that Our interests shall be alwayes common We pray God most high most excellent and most puissant Prince Our most deer and most beloved Brother Cousen and Ally to have you alwayes in his most holy protection Newmarket 9. of February 1624. Your most affectionat Brother Cousen and ancient Ally Iames K. The Critiques of the time did much censure this Letter in regard King Iames seems to dis-invest himself utterly of all Title to France thereby because he confesseth Henry the Fourth to have not onely reconquer'd it but to have a naturall right unto it in the said Letter The former Treaty for the Infanta of Spaine did facilitat also the hastning of this businesse and made it lesse knotty in regard that the matrimonial capitulations which in effect were the very same with those of the Infanta's had bin beaten and moulded a long time before upon the Spanish Anvill and so made smooth and passable They were in substance these that follow 1. That the French King should make it his busines to procure a dispensation from Rome within three moneths 2. That for the celebration of the act of affiancing the King of Great Britain should depute whom he pleas'd and that it be done according to the Roman rites 3. That the mariage be solemniz'd in the same forme as that of Queen Margaret and the Duchesse of Bar was 4. That she be attended to the Sea side upon the charge of France 5. That the contract of mariage be publiquely ratified in England without intervention of any Ecclesiastic ceremony 6. That free exercise of Religion be granted unto Madam her self and all her train and to the children that her servants shall have And to that end they shall have a Chappel in every one of the Kings Royall Houses or any where els where she shall keep her Court 7. That preaching and the administration of the Sacraments of the Masse with all other Divine Offices be permitted Her as also the gaining of all Indulgences and Jubils from Rome and that a Church-yard be appointed wall'd about to bury Catholiks according to the Rites of the Roman Church all which shall be done modestly 8. That she shall have a Bishop for her Almoner who may have power to proceed against any Ecclesiastic under his charge according to the Canonicall constitutions And in case the Secular Court shall seize upon any Churchmen under his jurisdiction for any crime which concern'd not the State he shall be sent back to the said Bishop who taking cognisance of the delict shall degrade him and so return him to the Secular power and other faults all Church-men under him shall be sent to him to be proceeded against accordingly or in his absence to his Vicar generall 9. She shall have 28. Priests of her House and if any be a Regular he shall be allow'd to weare his habit 10 The King of Great Britain and his son shall oblige themselfs by Oath not to attempt any thing upon the conscience of Madam to induce her to renounce her Religion 11. All her domestiques shall be Catholiques and French which she shall bring with her and in their roomes when they die she shal be allow'd to choose other French Catholiques but with the consent of the King of Great Britain 12. Her dowry shall be eight hundred thousand crowns whereof the one moity shall be pai'd the yeeve after Contract the other a yeer after and in case she survive her Husband the said dowry shall be entirely return'd her whether she desire to live in England or France 13. But if there remain any children of this mariage then she is to have back but two thirds of the said dowry 14. And in case Madam die before the Prince without children the moity of the said dowry shall be only return'd and in case she leave children all shall go amongst them 15. Madam shall be endow'd with a joynture of eighteen thousand pound sterling per an which comes to sixty thousand crowns and his Majestie of Great Britain shall give her besides the value of fifty thousand crowns in Jewels whereof she shall have the property as of those she hath already and of what shall be given her hereafter He shall be also oblig'd to maintain her and her House and in case she come to be a widow she shall enioy her dower and jointure which shall be assignd her in Lands Castles and Houses whereof one shall be furnish'd and fit for habitation and that the said joynture be pay'd her wheresoever she shall desire to reside she shall have also the free disposing of the Benefices and Offices belonging to the said Lands whereof one shall have the title of Duchy or County 16. That she shall be permitted whether she have children or not to return to France and bring with her her movables rings and jewels as also her dowry and the King shall be bound to have her conducted to Calice upon his charge 17. The contract of the mariage shall be registred in the Court of Parliament of Paris and ratified in that of England 18. All her servants shall take this following Oath I sweare and promise fidelitie to the most gracious King of Great Britain to the most gracious Prince Charles and to Madame Henriette Marie daughter of France which I shall most faithfully and inviolably keep And if I know of any attempt against the said King Prince and Lady or their estates or against the public good of the Kingdoms of the said King I shall forthwith denounce the same to the said King Prince and Lady or others who shall have it in charge This was the substance of all the Matrimoniall capitulations which were digested to 28. Articles with a penalty of four hundred thousand crowns upon either of the two Kings which should infringe any of them Besides these there were some privat Articles accorded in favour of the Roman Catholiks in England and Ireland but far from the latitude of a public Toleration Upon the ending of this great Treaty with France Iames the First of England and Sixth of Scotland ended his life
Truncheon of Marshall was sent him The Pope interpos'd also in this busines and had Forces there and there were sundry skirmishes fought The Spaniard told the Pope lowdly That he came thither to conquer Heretiques and the places which he had taken from them were by consequence justly acquir'd and so might be justly kept howsoever it was reason he should hold them untill his charges were reimbours'd Hereupon Cardinal Barberin was sent to France to accommode things but little could be done for that time This War of the Valtolins begot another twixt the Duke of Savoy and Genoa the principall motive whereof was to divert the Spaniard from the Conquest of the Valtoline Yet the Savoyard alledg'd that the Genois usurped divers places from him that they had offer'd him some indignities in defacing and vilifying his picture whereby they imitated the Leopard who by the naturall hatred he beares to man useth to teare his image with his ongles and teeth when he cannot exercise his fury upon his body The old Constable Lesdiguieres notwithstanding that he had one foot in the grave yet it seems he had an ambition to die in the field therefore he made earnest instances to the King that he would be pleas'd to employ him against the Genois Hereupon he clammer'd over the Alpes to Piemont where he with the Duke of Savoy made an Army of twentie five thousand foot and four thousand horse which they powr'd into the territories of Genoa The Constable with Crequy his son in law had the Vantgard The Duke with the Prince of Piemont seconded and they march'd severall roads The French took Capriata which was taken by Storm and all were put to the sword and plunder the inhumanitie whcih the Souldiers exercis'd upon the women and maides rais'd an ill odor of the French in Italy He took divers other places And the Duke of Savoy on the other side rendred himself Master of sundry strong holds In the interim there were three Spanish vessels which sayling from Barcelona to Genoa were by distresse of weather forc'd upon the Coasts of Marseilles and being out of any Port of commerce they were seiz'd upon by the Duke of Guyse hereupon the Genois made a loud complaint in Madrid and the King of Spain resented it so much that a Proclamation issued out to Arrest all French vessels that were in any haven of Spain and also to seize upon all the Marchants goods and it was thought there were neer upon two hundred thousand French then dwelling or trading in Spain and eighteen thousand in Madrid it self of all sorts of Marchants and Pedlers In correspondence to this The French King publish'd a Declaration wherein he interdicted all commerce to Spain The violent progresse of the French and Savoy Army against Genoa awaked all the Princes of Italy thereupon the King of Spain armes mainly in Milan and Naples The Emperour also sent a considerable number of horse and foot and all conjoyn'd under the Duke of Feria who was made Generall by Land and the Marquis of Santacruz came with twentie two gallies and five galeons by Sea with four thousand combatants from Sicilie to secure the sea of Genoa who had eighteen gallies besides in cours and ten thousand men by Land upon the appearance of this great Army most of those places which had rendred themselfs to France and Savoy open'd their gates to the Spanish army at first approach They ravag'd the countrey of Monferrat up and down and came thence before Ast a considerable frontire town of Piemont Yet though there were five or six armies in motion that Sommer in Italy there was no battail fought but only sieges and leagers sallies and skirmishes The approach of Winter brought a suspension of armes afterwards a Treaty was appointed at Monson and twentie Articles interchangeably accorded unto so the War ended and a Peace was renew'd twixt all Parties The Duke of Savoy was neither himself nor by his Ambassador or Deputy present at this Treaty which made him complain highly of the King of France taxing him with infraction of Faith and of the late Confederation between them thereupon the King sent Monsieur Bullion to him in qualitie of Ambassador to make an Apologie that his Highnes should not impute this to ill faith or any disrespect of him or to any particular advantage his Majesty hop'd to receive thereby for himself therefore his Highnes should not except at the light omission of complements which had more of exterior apparance then sincerity Bullion having notice that the Duke would give him a solemn open audience in the presence of most of his Lords and Counsell prepared himself accordingly and being come into the roome the little Duke began to speak very high language thereupon Bullion told him in his eare That he perceav'd his Highnes to be mov'd therefore he pray'd him not as an Ambassador but as a privat man and his servant to speak of so puissant and illustrious a Monark with that moderation respect and reservednes that his Majesty might not be offended and if his Highnes thought to satisfie himself by words of advantage nothing would remain unto him but repentance so to suffer himself to be transported by a disordred passion For the main businesse the King having obtain'd by the Treaty at Monson all that he and his Allies could hope for if they had gain'd a battaile as also the liberty of the Grisons and the Valtolines his Confederates ought not to take offence if he as the Eldest had treated himself alone for his Cadets a title which they had reason to esteeme for honorable Yet if notwithstanding these considerations his Highnes desir'd to have satisfaction in a stricter way he would undertake his Majesty should make him amends In the interim he wish'd his Highnes to think upon any thing wherein his most Christian Majesty might be advantageous unto him The Duke being calm'd by these words answer'd that he thought upon Royalty and if his Majesty would approve of his design being already well assured of the Popes good will he car'd not much for other Potentats and he would be contented to be treated by the King in the same manner as the Kings of France were us'd to treat the Kings of Scotland and Navarr By Royalty he meant the Kingdome of Cypres which title the Ambassador told him could not be had without distasting the Republique of Venice whose adoptif son he was and whereas he pretended some places in Toscany that could not be done without displeasing the Queen Mother The King having dispos'd already of his 3. Sisters began to think on a Match for Monsieur his Brother now it is the style of France to call the Kings sole Brother Monsieur without any further addition to distinguish him from others Marie of Bourbon daughter to the Duke of Monpensier was thought to be a fit wife for him hereupon the King mov'd it unto him but he desir'd time to consider of it because it
to sayle towards Rochell and seize upon the Islands of Ré Oleron In Oleron the English when they were in possession of Guyen made those famous Maritim laws which are observ'd by all the Western world to this day The Duke of Buckingham was chosen Admiral by Sea and General by Land of this great expedition who publish'd this following Manifesto to the world What part the Kings of Great Britain have alwayes taken in the affairs of the Reformed Churches of this Kingdom and with what care and zeale they have labour'd for the good of them is manifest to all and the examples thereof are as ordinary as the occasions have been The now King my most honor'd Lord and Master comes nothing short of his Predecessors therein if his good and laudable designes for their good had not bin perverted to their ruine by those who had most interest for their due accomplishment What advantages hath he refus'd what Parties hath he not sought unto that by his alliance with France he might restore more profitably and powerfully the restitution of those Churches to their ancient liberty and splendor And what could be lesse hoped for by so strict an alliance and from so many reiterated promises by the mouth of a great Prince but effects truly royall and sorting with his greatnes But failings have bin such that his Majesty by so many promises and so straight an obligation of friendship hath not only bin disappointed of means to obtain Liberty and Surety for the said Churches and to restore Peace to France by the reconciliation of those whose breath utters nothing else but all manner of obedience to their King under the liberty of their Edicts that contrariwise they have prevayl'd by the interest which he had in those of the Religion to deceive them and by this means not only to untie him from them but also to make him if not odious unto them at least suspected in perverting the means which he had ordain'd for their good to a quite contrary end Witnes the English Ships not design'd for the extirpation of them of the Religion but to the contrary expresse promise was made that they should not be us'd against them in the last Sea-fight What then may be expected from so puissant a Prince as the King my Master so openly eluded but a thorough feeling equall and proportion'd to the injuries receiv'd but his patience hath gone beyond patience and as long as he had hopes that he could benefit the Churches by any other means he had no recours by way of Arms so far that having bin made an instrument and worker of the last Peace upon conditions disadvantagious enough and which would not have bin accepted without his Majesties intervention who interpos'd his credit and interest to the Churches to receive them even with threatnings to the end to shelter the honor of the most Christian King under assurances of his Part not onely for the accomplishment but also for the bettering of the said Conditions for which he stands caution to the Churches But what hath bin the issue of all this but onely an abuse of his goodnesse and that which his Majesty thought a soverain remedy for all their sores hath it not brought almost the last blow to the ruine of the Churches It wanted but a little by continuing the Fort before Rochell the demolishment whereof was promis'd by the violences of the soldiers and Garrisons of the said Fort and Isles as well upon the Inhabitants of the said Town as upon strangers in lieu whereas they should have retir'd they have bin daily augmented and other forts built as also by the stay of the Commissioners in the said Town beyond the time agreed on to the end to make broyles and by means of the division which they made to slide among the Inhabitants to open the gates to the neighbouring Troupes and by other withstandings and infractions of peace I say it little faild that the said Town and in it all the Churches had not drawn their last breath And in the mean time while his Majesty hath yet continued and not oppos'd so many injuries so many faith-breakings but by complaint and Treaty untill he had receiv'd certain advice confirm'd by intercepted Letters of the great preparation the most Christian King made to powre upon Rochell And then what could his Majesty of Great Britain do but to vindicat his honor by a quick arming against those who had made him a complice of their deceits And to give testimony of his integrity and zeale which he hath alwayes had for the reestablishing of the Churches an establishment which shall be dear and precious to him above any other thing This is the sole end of his arming at this time and not any particular interest Yet whosoever would doubt hereof let him consider the circumstance of times and disposition of affairs as they stand now with the King my Master For who will beleeve that he can have any dessein upon France or to have projected conquests here in a time so disadvantageous having now for his enemy one of the puissantst King of the world and if he had such a design surely he would have sent greater forces then I have now under command whereof if the number were known they would be judg'd but Auxiliaries only and that their ayme is no other but for the good of the Churches which for so many important reasons and considerations he finds himself oblig'd before God and men to protect and succour But if it be alledg'd that the King my Master hath been mov'd to take up armes for other respects as the detention and seizure of all the ships and goods of his subjects at Bourdeaux and other places of this Kingdom to the breach and manifest contravention of the peace 'twixt the two Crowns which in this point tend expresly to the irrepairable prejudice yea to the totall ruine of commerce in the rupture whereof the poore people of this Realme being not able to vent their Merchandises groans not onely under the burden of so many taxes and impositions but for the very necessities of life it self That the apprehensions the King my Master hath of the powerfull encrease of the most Christian King by Sea hath mov'd him to arme for preventing the growth thereof and lastly that being hopelesse of any accommodation of things he hath bin constrain'd to put himself in armes The answer to all this is that whosoever will search the Arrests prises and seasures which have bin made on both sides he shall find the King my Master and his subjects have hitherto profited by this breach and that it hath turn'd to their advantage In the second place he is so far off from being jealous of the pretended power by Sea and that he should have reason to hinder it that there needs no more then for him to grant when he thinks it fit Letters of Mart to his subjects and so these vain and feeble forces
at Sea might be dissipated without the employment of any Fleet Royall Finally that there hath bin a necessity to arme thus because there is no hope of accommodation otherwise the contrary will be most manifest to him who will consider the researches which have bin made at severall times as well by their own Ministers as by the Ministers of other Princes to the King my Master to treat of accommodating things at their instigation It appears by all this that the King my Master hath not bin forc'd to arme for any particular interest but only for the defence of the Churches for the security and freedom whereof he stood responsible Yet there are some who dare amuse the world that his Majesty hath a particular dessein in it and that he useth Religion for a pretext to gain a party by means whereof and by which conjunction he hopes to push on his purposes to the end at which they ayme No no our Religion teacheth us otherwise and the King my Master's piety wherein he gives place to no man living will never permit him His desscin is the establishment of the Churches his interest is their good and his ayme their contentment That being done these Drums beating these Ensignes displayed shall be folded up again And all this noyse of War shall be buried in night and silence which would never have bin but for their cause Given aboard of our Admiral this Wensday the 21. of Iuly 1627. Buckingham A good while before this Fleet was under sayle the French Cardinal by some pensionary Spies he had in the English Court had advertisement of the dessein therefore there was a Remonstrance sent from the King to his Town of Rochell to this effect That they were French and that the English were proud and insupportable that having vain pretentions upon this Kingdom if they took any place it was to reduce it to slavery That their Ancestors being acquainted with the nature of the English chose rather to lose half their goods then to be under their domination upon the accord made for the delivery of King John when he was prisoner in England That his Majesty had given proofs of the effects of his clemency so often and with so much favor that his grace seem'd to be above their crimes for their Religion if they thought to cast it upon the account he left them the free exercise of it touching Lewis Fort which seem'd to give some ombrage to their Town he assur'd them that continuing within the bounds of their obedience there should be a cours taken for their contentment but if it should come into the hands of the English doubtlesse they would turn it to a Cittadell to settle therein their tyranny That the present occasion was of that high importance that it might entirely and eternally gain them the affections of their King by their fidelity or that they might thereby offend him so sensibly that they might render themselfs incapable of grace ever after if they departed from their loyalty whereunto they were oblig'd as subjects towards their naturall Prince and as Frenchmen against a strange Nation and an ancient enemy of France By the Duke of Buckinghams Manifesto it appears the King of Great Britain had divers grounds of War against France first that his Merchants were so abus'd their ships seiz'd on and their goods taken away secondly that the French King grew so strong in ships which in former times was us'd to be a sufficient motif for War of it self and lastly that Articles were not perform'd of the peace which was made with them of the Religion wherein England was engag'd His Majesty of Great Britain waves the first two and layes hold of the last whereby the French Reformists had just cause to abet him in the quarrell it being more theirs then his Though there were reports blaz'd abroad of other odd motifs Howsoever the Policy of England was tax'd though her courage admir'd abroad to engolf her self into a War with France when she had another great neighbour King already on her back in actual hostility This Fleet gave a mighty alarme to France which made the King to send the Duke of Angoulesme before Rochell with three thousand foot and five hundred horse The King following a few dayes after fell sick upon the way and Monsieur was in mourning for his wife who died in Child-bed of a daughter The Duke of Angoulesms Quarter-masters when they came to take lodgings for the billeting of the Army in the small villages about Rochell took so much roome as would have serv'd an Army thrice as great and this was done of purpose for the report thereof being blown to Rochell and so to the English Fleet the Duke upon Soubize's advice cast anchor at the Isle of Ré whereas his first intention was for Lewis fort upon the Continent which dessein was diverted upon the false report of the greatnes of Angoulesms Army There were hardly 1200. English landed upon the Island of Ré but 1000. French foot and 200. choice horse who had layn invisible in a bottom all the while appear'd and charg'd them furiously the French horse did wonderful bravely and the English foot no lesse who having scarce step'd ashore were set upon and divers driven into the Sea and drown'd but by the brave example of their Commanders they resum'd courage and kill'd above one hundred and fifty of the enemies Cavalry put their foot to flight and remaind Masters of the field there was good pillage found among the French horsemen that fell divers of them being persons of quality and young spirits which being stripp'd many had their Mistesses favors tied about their genitories At this first act of invasion the English loss'd some hundreds of men amongst others Blaneart Monsieur Soubize companion who had bin one of the chief tracers of this voyage in the English Court was slain upon the sands and Sir Iohn Heyden was kill'd too who had afterwards honourable buriall The next day the English horse landed and so they began to intrench The chiefest Fort in the Island was Saint Martin where Monsieur Toiras a choice man had bin many dayes before he sent the next day in a bravado a Page and a Trumpet to tell the Duke he meant to give him a breakfast the Page had twenty peeces and the Trumpet five given him If the Duke had gon presently in pursuance of his victory for that breakfast toward Saint Martin he might in all probability have taken the Fort but he stayed divers dayes neer the Sea side and in the interim Toiras had time to fortifie and the cause he stay'd his march further was that Soubize Sir Will Beecher had gon to Rochell for more ayd which the Duke expected but the Rocheller gave them little countenance letting them in at the Postern gate Toiras after the first sent a second Trumpet to the Duke for burying the dead offering a thousand pounds for his brothers body and others
would acknowledge him the greatest man of Europe were he not born for the ruine of our party and the abolition of the Reformed Religion This young generous warlike King though too much zealoused to Popery following in every thing the counsels of this Priest as Oracles can we doubt but our defence though lawfull as being for Religion and liberty of conscience be not an occasion to him to advance our destruction under pretext of rebellion and felony After all that Gentlemen you must consider that the taking of Rochell hath extinguish'd all Factions throughout the Kingdom which commonly serv'd to the encrease of our party In so much that of three hundred places good and bad which we had formerly in our hands we have not 30. remaining without rents without soldiers or means to put into them all together as many men as would serve to preserve one alone For although our Parsons cry out daily in their Chaires that we ought not to despaire of heavenly succour yet receiving every day proofs of the wrath of the Eternal there is more appearance to expect punishment for our sins then miracles for the re-establishment of our affaires Peradventure you will promise your selfs some great assistance from strangers and specially from Protestants whom the conformity of Religion which ties them to our interests may oblige to assist us in so urgent necessity But I pray consider that the Germans have enough to defend themselfs from the oppression of the Emperour consider the elusions of the Hollander the impuissance of the Savoyard who hath bled at the nose the lightnes of the English who have concluded a peace with France without comprehending us who were the sole object of the war And if you stay for the offers of Spain which loves not our Nation and our Religion lesse know that he studies how to engage us so far against the King that we may become incapable of his grace and that the succours wherewith he will supply us which is but a little money will not serve but to prolong our ruine by enfeebling France by our Civill Wars and intestine broyles For my self I am now as much solicited as ever to abandon you and to take advantagious conditions of his Majesty but I shall never hearken to any thing but wherein you may find your satisfaction in a generall Treaty for the whole Cause as also particularly for your Towns If your wisdoms find it to purpose that it be more expedient to seek our conservation with the exercise of our Religion and liberty of our consciences within the obedience which we owe to our lawfull Prince then in resistance which though just of it self is held by the Enemies of our Faith no other then a Rebellion and high Treason whereby under a more specious pretext to exterminat and destroy us Or if contrary to all appearance of human reason you take a resolution to stiffen your selfs against so victorious and invincible a power I resolve also to incur all hazards with you though I am sory that neither the advancement of the Faith can be found in my resolution nor your security in my danger nor your safety in my losse This studied speech with the sense of the late ill successe and of the Kings power wrought so far upon the Assembly that it extorted a willingnes to submit unto a Treaty which was propounded accordingly so a little after there was a generall peace concluded with the Reformists and the King being in Languedoc where the Plague after this scourge of War was very rife he went therefore himself to Paris and left the Cardinal behind to consummat all things who amongst other places entred Montauban where Espernon met him and reentred into a perfect friendship with him Montauban following the example of all the rest of the Towns dismantled herself of all new fortifications and restor'd the Church lands c. The Cardinall being return'd to Paris the Peace with his Majesty of Great Britain was solemnly renew'd and sworn unto but they of the Religion took it ill that there was no mention at all made of them in the Treaty they having bin declar'd to be the object of Englands last war with France All the Princes were commanded to be at this Ceremony and because a difference did arise for precedency 'twixt forrein Princes of souverain Houses and the naturall sons of Kings a provisional Order was made by the Privy Counsel That every one should take place according to his seniority of age Thus our fourth Lustre of the life of Lewis the thirteenth ends with an Olive branch of a double Peace one with a forren Prince the King of Great Britain which was solemnly sworn unto by both Kings Sir Thomas Edmunds being Ambassadour for the one and the Marquis of New-Castle de Chasteau neuf for the other The second Peace was concluded with his own subjects the whole Body of the Religion whom he had now reduc'd to an exact rule of obedience having seiz'd upon dismantled and secur'd all their praesidiary Towns which were neer upon fifty whereof Montauban was the last that left her Mantle So that they must hereafter depend no more upon Garrisons but Royall Grace A mighty work then which nothing could conduce more to make him so absolut a Monark Thus ends the fourth Lustre The fifth Lustre of the Life of Lewis the thirteenth THe King having with such a strong hand put a period to the Civill Wars in his own Kingdoms by debelling his subjects of the Religion and utterly disabling them from banding against him for the future in dismantling all the tenable Towns they had for their security and disguarding other places they held to the number of three hundred of all Military strength whereby he brought them to depend totally upon his favor for their liberty and the performance of the Edicts granted in their behalfe he now thinks upon another march ore the Alps for the support of the Duke of Mantova once his vassall and still partly so being a Frenchman by birth though not by extraction And this he might now do with lesse fear then formerly having quieted and secur'd all things in France according to the saying Frustrà foris agit bellum qui domi timet incendium He vainly combats abroad who fears combustions at home The Duke of Nevers being now settled in Mantova the French grew powerfull in Italy which the Spaniard could not well disgest Thereupon a Ligue was struck 'twixt the Emperour and him whereinto the Duke of Savoy entred afterward The Emperor questions the Duke of Nevers about Mantova though not for the Title yet for the investiture which he was to receive from him Hereupon he sends an Army to Italy under the command of Colalto a great Captain and Marquis Spinola a greater was Generall for the King of Spain nor was the little Duke Emanuel of Savoy inferior to either who after Henry the Great 's death assum'd to himself the title of the
Cantons of France and that he had intelligence from good hands how there was a Civill War fomenting in France by some mistrusts and divisions which were put between his Majesty his Mother and Monsieur therefore lest his Highnes might be tamper'd withall to favor the projects of the Spaniard to rid him of all scruples in this point he desir'd that Susa Avigliana or Pignerol Perousa might be put into his hands to put French Garrisons in them till these dangers were pass'd Servient the French Ambassador joyn'd with Toiras manag'd this busines so dextrously that the Duke accorded what was demanded for six moneths Hereupon the Town and Castle of Pignerol with Perousa was put into the hands of the Suiss which the French had put formerly in Susa And by the same Treaty his Majesty oblig'd himself to defend the person and states of his Highnes if need requir'd with an Army of twenty thousand foot and two thousand horse provided his Highnes should proportionably have in readines ten thousand foot and fifteen hundred horse The Duke of Feria fell into a fury when he heard of this accord and call'd heaven and earth to witnes that it was an evident infraction of the Treaty at Querasque by which the French were not to hold any place or passage into Italy within the states of the Duke of Savoy So the Duke being lowdly reproach'd thereof by the Spaniard the answer he gave was That he might dispose of his own as he pleas'd c. The six months being expir'd of holding Pignerol a motion was made to the Duke that for his own safety the security of Mantova and the French-Confederat Grisons as also for freeing his Majesty of all surmises and the better enabling him to occur all desseins and dangers his Highnes would make an absolut sale and transport unto him of the Town and Castle of Pignerol and Perousa for a valuable pecuniary consideration Toiras and Servient carried themselfs with such dextrous addresses that they induc'd the Duke to hearken to this Proposition and afterwards they drew from him an absolut consent so a Legal Instrument was made whereby an irrevocable transport and vent was made of the propriety possession and soveraignty of the Town and Castle of Pignerol Riva Bodenasco the higher Biacasco Castagrande and that which was within the confines of the said Pignerol the Village and Abbey of Valdelemia as also the Village and Fort of Perousa Pinacle Villars Les porte the great and small Diblon and their confines and other lands which are within the valley of Perousa excepting those which depend on the same valley on the left hand going from Pignerol to Pragelas beyond the River Chuson all other places shall be perpetually united to the Crown of France upon the payment of four hundred ninety four thousand crowns in good money This pourchase of Pignerol brought with it another strong engagement 'twixt the King and the Duke viz. a Ligue defensive and offensive by vertu whereof the one was to furnish twenty thousand foot and two thousand horse as formerly but the Duke was scrued up to a greater number then before being to furnish twelve thousand foot and two thousand horse upon necessitie of conjunction Our story hath sojourn'd a good while in Italy we must now crosse again the Hills to France where we find the Queen Mother and the Cardinall irreconcilable notwithstanding that the King himself labour'd much in the busines her passion went so high that she resolv'd never to sit in Counsell while the Cardinall was there This aversnes to the Cardinal was also infus'd into Monsieur who abetted his Mother and espoused her quarrell So without the Kings conge he retires to Orleans and thence to Lorain the Duke of Bellegarde then Governor of Champany attended him all the way through that Province notwithstanding that he had an intimation to the contrary from the King himself who followed Monsieur as far as Dijon but he was too swift for him and so could not be overtaken Hereupon a Declaration issued out wherein the Count of Moret Monsieurs base brother the Dukes of Elbeuf of Bellegarde and of Roanez Puylaurens President Coigneux and Monsigot and father Chanteloube were proclaym'd Traytors for infusing ill counsels into Monsieur and for accompagnying him out of the Kingdom without his Majesties consent this Declaration was sent to be verifi'd by the Court of Parlement at Paris the Court paus'd upon 't and excepting against the style and form of it delayed the verification putting the busines in deliberation yet they all blam'd and unanimously condemn'd the ill counsels and proceedings of Monsieur The King taking an indignation at this delay sent for the whole body of the Parlement to attend him at the Louure where by the mouth of the Lord Keeper they receiv'd a severe rebuke and the Clerk of the Court bringing with him the Register of the Act of deliberation upon the former Declaration was commanded to draw it off the file and in the place thereof to put the Arrest of the Privy Counsell whereby the said Act was annull'd with expresse inhibition to the said Court of Parlement to put in deliberation for the future any Declarations of that nature concerning affairs of State but to proceed instantly to the verification and registring of them The Queen Mother was now retir'd to Campeigne where the Marshall of Estree had a Garrison which she interpreted to be no other then a guard upon her thereupon the King dismiss'd the said Garrison So she privatly got away thence in Madame Frenoys Coach accompagnied only with the said Lady and one of her Chamber-women to Avenes which lies within the Territories of the King of Spain in the 17. Provinces and thence to Bruxels the Archduchesse having come to meet her on the way as far as Mons in Henault Monsieur from Lorain and the Queen Mother from Bruxells writ to the King and complain'd bitterly against the Cardinal how he would have removed her to Moulins and Anger 's where the contagion raignd and so have thrust her into the jawes of death she conjur'd him to think on the relation of Mother and Son and that she was the person most interessed in his preservation yet the Cardinal had pernicious intentions to make her die between fower walls this was the cause she left France and to journey thirty leagues without eating or drinking she goes on in declaring how conformable she was to his will in all things and how she respected his Authority in the hands of her enemies and so concluds that not being suffer'd to live in France in the calm of her own innocency the most sensible misery that could befall her was to be bereft of his presence c. Besides this Letter she sent another to the Parlement at Paris with a Remonstrance against the present Government The King returns her a harsh Answer and cleers his Cardinal in all things and publish'd a Declaration wherein he
550000. Franks found in money He caus'd a Declaration also to be publish'd wherein he and all his Adherents were proclaym'd Rebells Monsieur and Monmorency were grown so strong that the King in Person with an Army of twenty thousand foot and two thousand horse went to suppresse them Some of the Kings Army was about Castel nau-d ' Arry under the command of Schomberg where Monmorency in a martiall heat but more in a desperat then valiant resolution accompagnied with the Earls of Rieux and Fevillade and only eight horse more fac'd and set upon the Royalists broak the ranks of some of them kill'd divers and hurt many but after he was hurt himself in the face and in sundry places about his body so that he fell off his horse and cried out for a Confessor so one of his men taking him upon his back he was taken prisoner and carried upon a ladder to Castel nau d' Arry In the said conflict was kill'd one of Henry the Great 's base sons the Count of Moret with the fore-mentioned Earls of Rieux and Fevillade and the whole Army was routed Notwithstanding all these provocations the King sent a gracious Message to Monsieur inviting him to come unto him and the same day Monsieur had sent to the King Chaudebonne with these Propositions 1. That the Duke of Monmorency should be releas'd and reestablish'd in his estate and government together with the Dukes of Elbaeuf and Bellegarde 2. That his Majesty would render to the Duke of Lorain all the places he detain'd from him 3. That an Act of abolition should passe 4. That a million of Franks which he had borrow'd should be pay'd Whereunto the King made this Answer My Brother the Propositions which Chaudebonne hath made me in your behalf are so little sortable to my dignity to the public and your own proper good that I cannot return any other answer then what I sent you formerly by Monsieur Aiguebonne to testifie my affection unto you I pray dispose of your self to receive the effects of them assuring you that in so doing I shall forget what 's pass'd and shall make it appear unto you more and more that I am your most affectionat Brother Lewis This Letter was seconded a little after with Articles to this effect 1. That Monsieur should acknowledge his fault by writing and desire the King to forget and pardon 2. That he give the best assurance he can not to fall into a relaps 3. To have no intelligence with Spain Lorain or any other strange Prince nor with the Queen his Mother as long as she continues in the case she stands and to sojourn in what place the King shall appoint him 4. That he mingle not his interests with those that were his Complices and ill counsellors which must be proceeded against according to law yet amongst them his domesticks shall be exempted 5. That Puy Laurens who suggested these ill Counsels into him sincerely confesse what further practises were intended against the State and that he acknowledge himself culpable before he receive grace To all these Monsieur subscrib'd in this forme We Gaston son of France unic Brother to the King Duc of Orleans Chartres and Valois Earl of Blois do consent to what is propounded by his Majesty and upon the word and faith of a Prince we promise a religious performance of all the Articles We promise besides to conspire with all our power to all the good desseins of the King for the grandeur and safety of his Kingdoms and to love them that love his Majesty and specially our Cosen the Cardinall of Richelieu whom we hold to be necessary to the Person and States of the King for his fidelity After this a Declaration was publish'd for all strangers that came in with Monsieur to quit the Kingdom within 8. dayes some of the chiefest instruments of this sollevation were cut off by the sword of Justice and amongst other the foure Bishops spoken of before were legally proceeded against by a speciall Brief from Rome wherein there were foure Archbishops nominated as Deligats to judge them whereof the Archbishop and Prince of Arles was chief though the ancient form of proceeding against Prelats for crimes was us'd to be by a Synod of the Gallic Bishops Not one of the foresaid Delinquent Bishops was condem'd to die only the Bishop of Albi was depriv'd of his Bishoprick and confin'd to a Monastery to eat the bread of sorrow There fell this yeer upon the Kings return from Narbon through Languedoc in a sudden showr of rain such huge cataracts of water from the Airie Region that two hundred persons were drownd upon the highwayes four Coches of the Queens and fifty Carts were swallowed up in the deluge The Duke of Monmorency being taken prisoner was carried to Tholouse where he was to receive his tryall not by his Peers but by the ordinary way of Justice he was legally convicted and condemn'd there were all means possible us'd for his pardon but the King was inflexible so with exemplary patience and piety he pai'd Nature her last tribut he put off his doublet himself and cut off his hair and mustachos before he came to the Block Thus fell Henry of Monmorency Duke Peer and Marshall and of the ancientest extractions of France in so much that Henry the Great was us'd to say that he was a better Gentleman then himself the Motto in his Scutcheon was Dieu aide le premier Chevalier Chrestien God preserve the first Christian Cavalier he left no son nor male Heir behind so this Illustrious Family went out like a snuffe such an ill-savor'd sent Rebellion leaves behind it Monsieur for not obtaining Monmorencys pardon though he had prevayl'd for the Dukes of Elbaeuf and Bellegarde grew again discontented and forsakes France The Cardinall of Richelieu had at this time a dangerous fit of sicknes so that a great while the infirmities of his body would not give him leave to exercise the functions of his soule A little after his convalescence there was a chapter of the Knights of the Royall Order the Holy Spirit kept wherein there were forty nine more created and the honor was conferr'd chiefly upon them that had serv'd against them of the Religion The Duke of Lorain appearing more for the House of Austria then the Sweds in the German war the King to quarrell with him demanded homage for the Duchy of Bar the Duke wav'd the performance of this ceremony alledging that those homages which were pretended to be done by his Progenitors were but visits and complements not any reall dutyes there being no act upon record for them There happend another occasion of displeasure against the Duke in that the Princess Margaret was maried to Monsieur not only without the Kings consent but expresly against his command It being observ'd that Matches with that Family have bin fatall and that Lorain milk have engendred but ill bloud in France So he arms mainly against the Duke
staple of Sugars she urg'd also enhancement of toll new exactions and other pressures lastly she complain'd of strangers to be her Viceroys as Casimir the King of Polands brother was intended for her had he not bin intercepted in France In so much that it was easie for Spain to have bin a Prophetesse of this defection therefore her wonted policy and foresight was much questioned that she did not put out of the way and engage in some forren employment the Duke of Bragansa who was us'd to be perpetually almost at Madrid When the King of Spain told Olivares of this revolt and that there was a new King proclaim'd the Favorit slighted it saying Es Rey de havas Sir he is but a bean or twelfnight King but we find now he was far out of his account Never was there a generall Revolt perfected in so short a compasse of time for within lesse then a moneth Don Iohn of Bragansa was so settled in the Kingdomes of Portugall and the Algarves without any opposition at all or marke of strangenes as if he had bin King thereof twenty yeers together before The King of Spain writ a Letter to Bragansa now King to this effect Duke my Cosen some odd newes are brought me which I esteem folly considering the proof I have had of the fidelitie of your House Give me advertisement accordingly because I ought to expect it from you Do not draw a trouble upon your self and hazard not the esteem I make of your life to the fury of a mutinous rabble but let your wisdom comport you so that your person may escape the danger My counsell will advise you further So God keep you Your Cosen and King To which Letter this answer was return'd My Cosen my Kingdom desiring its naturall King and my subjects being oppressed with gabells and new impositions have executed without contradiction that which they had oft times attempted by giving me the possession of a Kingdom which appertains unto me Wherefore if any will go about to take it from me I will seek justice in my armes defence being permitted God preserve your Majesty Don Iohn the Fourth King of Portugall This put the King of Spain at such a stand having on both sides of him two sorts of subjects not onely risen up but quite cut off from him that as the Proverb runs in that Countrey he could not tell what wood to make his shafts of nor could Olivares which was held such a Santon know what Bead to pray upon or what Saint to addresse himself unto And certainly these were two mighty shocks to the Spanish Monarchy nor could they happen in a time more disadvantagious she having so many engagements abroad and having met with such ilfavor'd rancounters by Land and Sea of late yeers It is also considerable that this check at home befell her after well-neer an Age of a profound unshaken peace and desuetude of armes in Spain her self where civil war hath bin so great a stranger notwithstanding that she still bred soldiers abroad and found means to embroyle the world alwayes in some place or other Which makes some interpret this intestine war to be a visible iudgement fallen upon her from heaven for disturbing the peace of her neighbours But I have observ'd it to be the genius of a true Spaniard and I honour him for it not to bow and hang down his head like a bulrush at every puff of adverse Fortune nor to yeeld to the fury of the tempest but to rouse up his spirits more stiffly to resist Et contra audentior ire In this double trance the King was advis'd to apply his strength first to suppresse the Catalan the sturdy Montaneer and till that work were finish'd to stand onely upon the defensive part against Portugall who is not esteem'd so much a man Besides these disasters that befel the K. of Spain thus at his own doors he had another happen'd unto him in the Netherlands for his Brother Don Fernando the Cardinal Infante died in the beginning of his manhood at Brussells being of about the same age as his second Brother Don Carlos was of about 30. who died some yeers before the world did take occasion to wonder that these two Princes in the flower and prime vigour of their age should thus fall Don Carlos the yeer before he died desir'd of his brother to be Viceroy of Portugall which was denied him Moreover it was observ'd he drew more affection from the Spaniards in generall by the colour of his complection because he was black for one shall hear the people of Castillia sigh up and down and pray that God would please to send them a King once again of their own colour Moreover besides this popular affection he was extremely well beloved of the soldiers for whom he was alwayes ready to do good offices and they address'd themselves more to him then to any These circumstances made odd impressions in the minds of many which gave occasion of censuring and scattering of libells up and down touching his death whereof I thought it not impertinent to insert one here but not to impose a beleef upon the Reader thereby It was drop'd down in the Court at Brussels Fernando Carlos murió Y dizen fue su Homicida Quien a vos os desterró Lo que os aconsejo yo Es que a Bethlem no bolvais Hasta que muera Herodes Que la muerte os espera En la sombra que pisais Thus unspanioliz'd and rendred into English Charles died Fernando and they say He who Thee banish'd did him slay If to my Counsell thou give eare Again to Bethlem go not neare Till Herod's gone for death doth watch In thine own shadow Thee to catch This Revolt of Portugall was no great news to the French Cardinal who had his spirits walking there as well as in Barcelona and every where els He had this Spring wrought the Duke of Lorain to come to Paris where he arriv'd in indifferent good equippage considering how many bitter showers had fallen and weatherbeaten him before for he had arm'd five times upon severall desseins and Fortune alwayes frown'd upon him Which some hold to be a visible judgement fallen upon him as also that he is a kind of exile from his own ancient Princely inheritance for abandoning his first wife by whose right he came to the full and unquestionable possession of Lorain and cohabiting with another The King entertaines him with a magnificence sutable to his quality and the Cardinall is as busie as a Bee to give him all outward content The one sends him fifty thousand Pistols the other twenty thousand in a great bason When he came before the King he complemented for matters pass'd and kneeling twise the King takes him up telling him That he had forgotten all matters pass'd and for the future he would espouse his quarrells and interests and make them his own And so it seems he hath done for he hath so
to his youngest brother Armand whose life we write But afterwards by his meanes the Carthusian Fryer was brought to accept of the Archbishoprick of Aix in Provence then of Lions and so ascended to be Cardinal He had also two sisters Frances maried to the Baron of Pont de Curlay who had of her the Duchesse of Esguillon And Nicola his second sister was maried to the Marquis of Brezé Marshall of France and first French-Viceroy of Catalonia in Spain upon the late revolt who hath a son and a daughter by her Iohn Armand the son was Generall of the French Army in the West and employ'd Ambassador extraordinary to congratulat the new King of Portugall Clara Clemente the daughter was maried lately to the Duke of Anguiern eldest son to the Prince of Condé When his brother Alphonso had transmitted unto him the Bishoprick of Lusson he went to Rome for a Consecration and Paul the Fifth dispenc'd w th his incapacity of age for he was but 21 yeers old Some report that the Pope observing the height and activity of his spirit was overheard to say That that young Prelat would overturn the world being return'd to France from Rome and brought to kisse Henry the Fourths hands he was somewhat taken with him telling him that he was come from that place whence one day should descend upon him the greatest honor that Rome could affoord a Frenchman and afterwards he was us'd to call him his Bishop For divers yeers he applied himself altogether to the function of his Ministery and us'd to preach often in the Kings Chappell In the Assembly of the three States he was chosen Orator for the Ecclesiastiques where his pregnancy of wit first appeer'd publicly in matters of State Where upon he got footing afterward at Court and was made great Almoner Then his abilities discovering themselfs more and more he was nominated Ambassador extraordinary for Spain to accommode the differences then a foot 'twixt the Dukes of Savoy and Mantova when the Princes started out in discontent and put themselfs in armes to demolish the Marshall of Ancre some Privy Counsellors were outed of their Offices at Court amongst others Monsieur Villeray had his Writ of ease for being any more Secretary of State and the Bishop of Lusson was thought the fittest man to succeed him and to receive the Seales which he did and this diverted him from his forren employment to Spain When the Marquis of Ancre was Pistol'd and his wife beheaded there was a new face of things at Court another generation of Officers grew out of the corruption of the old among others Villeroy steps in to be Secretary of State again in the room of the Bishop of Lusson yet was the King willing he should sit still at the Counsell Table and Monsieur de Vignobles brought him an intimation of the Kings pleasure to that purpose But the Queen Mother retyring from Paris to Blois he chose rather to go with his old Mistresse then stay with a young Master as the pulse of the Court did beat then By some ill offices that were done 'twixt the King and his Mother by factious spirits many jealousies were dayly fomented between them Hereupon the Bishop of Lusson had order to withdraw himself from her Court so he retir'd to his Priory of Caussay but that distance being thought not sufficient he betook himself to his Bishoprick at Lusson and that place also being suspected to be too neer he was sent to Avignon the Popes Town which might be call'd a banishment for it was out of the Dominion of France Discontents growing higher twixt the King and his Mother till at last they broak out into a War and there being Armies on both sides in motion Luynes writ a Letter to the Bishop to repaire to Angoulesme to which Letter there was a Postscript annex'd all of the Kings own hand to the same effect The Queen Mother was fled thither from the Castle of Blois and by means of the Duke of Espernon with others had considerable forces a foot Here was a brave opportunity offer'd for the Bishop to shew his head-peece in atoning matters 'twixt the Mother and the Son for which end he was inordred to repaire thither He negotiated the busines so succesfully by his dextrous addresses and flexaminous strains of eloquence that he took away the inflamation of the wound and so made it easily curable A Treaty was agreed upon and the Capitulations being drawn he brought them to the King who receiv'd him with much shew of grace and so all matters were accommoded But this accommodation did not heale quite and consolidat the wound for it had not search'd it to the bottome therefore it began to fester and more putrified matter broak out of it then formerly The Mother and the Son take up armes again and the Bishop of Lusson was one of the prime Instruments to re-compose the busines which was done at last very effectually The merit of these high services got him a Red Hat and the dignity of Cardinal though some difficulties and many delayes interven'd before the finall dispatch came from Rome Then was he chosen Provisor of the ancient Colledge of Sorbon where he procur'd of the King that a new Chair of Controversie should be erected He also repair'd and much beautified that Colledge Then upon the instance and by the advice of the Queen Mother he was elected Prime Minister of State and Director in chief under the King of all matters concerning the public Government of the Kingdome so he came to be call'd the Argos of France The first great action that was performed by his guidance when he was clim'd to this Plenipotentiary power was the Mariage with England the Marquis of Vieu ville had been employ'd in this great busines but the Cardinal got some of the Capitulations better'd and more to the advantage of France alledging that it was not fit his Master being the Eldest Son of the Church should have conditions inferiour to those of Spain With this Match with England there was an alliance also made about the same time with Holland for a summe of Money These were the two first Coups d' estat stroaks of State that he made and it was done with this forecast that France might be the better enabled to suppres them of the Religion which the Cardinal found to be the greatest weaknes of that Kingdom Some of them being Pensioners to other Princes to embroyle France upon all occasions He found then that the House of Austria had got some advantage and encrease of power by certain holds it had seiz'd upon in the Valtolin He adviseth his King to ligue with the Venetian and the Savoyard which he did and so spoil'd the design of the Spaniard that way The King being told that upon the beheading of the Count of Chalais and the imprisonment of the Marquis of Ornano about Monsieurs Mariage his Cardinal had thereby got divers enemies he appointed him a band
those who daily meditat the abasing if not the ruine thereof or there must be means found to secure it The Kings intentions are to rule it so that his government may equall if not surpasse any time pass'd and serve for an example for the future The marvailous assistance which it hath pleased God to afford him hitherto when his affairs were in the most deplor'd case gives us hope that he will still persevere Being seconded with the sage counsels of the Queen his Mother with the concurrence of Monsieur his Brother who I may truly say is so fastned to his Majesties will and the interest of the State that nothing can separat him I see no reason at all to doubt of it since none but God Almighty can produce things of nothing therefore to come to so good ends of pure necessity either the ordinary expences of the Court must be diminish'd or the public receits augmented or perchance both must be done It is not fitting you 'l say to meddle with the necessary expences for the conservation of the State the very thought thereof were a crime yet his Majesty preferring the public before the privat is willing out of his own motion to retrench his House in things that touch his own Person leaving you to judge how the rest will be employ'd One might think that such retrenchments were not seasonable at this time because they use to alienat sometimes the affections of hearts But as the businesse will be carried great and small shall find their account and therein their satisfaction the most austere rules seem sweet unto the most tumultuous spirits when they have not in appearance only but in reall effect the public good and incolumity of the State for their sole aime Sir the Queen your Mother prayes that you would think it good to let her do that which your piety towards her would not permit you as much as to think of your self which is that she be reduc'd to a lower revenue then she had in the late Kings time it being true that she had not better'd her condition then when during your Majesties minority she rais'd the fortunes of others for the advantage of your Majesties service Different times require different and sometimes contrary courses that which is proper at one time may be impertinent at another In great tempests one must share his goods with the Sea to lighten the Vessell and avoid shipwrack prudence requires it that the whole perish not for casting away part the interest of particulars obligeth no lesse then that of the public there being nothing more true then what an ancient Prelat of this Kingdome said That 't is impossible the riches of private persons can subsist when the State it self is poore and necessitous By such husbandry the ordinary expences may be lessen'd by three millions It rests then to augment the receits not by such impositions that the people are not able to beare but by innocent means which gives place to the King to continue what he hath practis'd this yeer in easing his subjects by diminution of tallies To this effect we must come to the redemption of lands to Notaries and Registers and other morgag'd rights which amount to twenty millions a thing not onely profitable but just and necessary If this dessein take effect the people who contribut more of their bloud then of their sweat to the expences of the State shall be eas'd If there be need to resist a forren Invasion or some intestine Insurrection if God for our sins permit any more or to execute a dessein that 's profitable and glorious for the State want of money will be no losse of time there will be no need to have recours to extraordinary wayes to Court partisans and put hands in their purses who have them oft times full of the Kings moneys One shall not see the Soverain Courts busied to verifie new Edicts Kings shall appear no more upon their beds of justice unlesse it be to undo what they had done some other time In fine all things shall be at such a passe that hath bin long since desir'd by all good men and may continue so whole Ages One will say and perchance I may think so my self that 't is easie to propose good desseins and as pleasing a thing to speak of them but the execution is difficult Yet neverthelesse I dare speak it in the presence of the King having well thought of it there may be expedients found whereby within the compas of six yeers one may see the end and perfection of this work The King my Lords and Gentlemen hath Assembled you expresly to search and find them out to examine things and concur with him in resolution his Majesty assuring you that he will readily and religiously execute what shall be determin'd for the restauration of this State The sick sometimes die by too many remedies as well as none at all I am bound to tell you this by the by that to restablish this State in its first splendor ther 's no need of many Ordinances but real executions by this means this Assembly may close more speedily though she may be perpetuall for the fruit she shall produce few words and many deeds will testifie both the good intentions and judgements of them whereof she is compos'd The King doubts not but you will do what concerns your duty in this occurrence You shall know by the event that his Majesty will surpasse himself to procure the good of his Kingdome the glory of reviving it is reserv'd to the vertu of so great a Prince you are much bound to his goodnes that he hath vonchsaf'd to make you partakers thereof and for my particular I should be much bound to God if he presently took me out of the world upon the accomplishment of so high so glorious and holy a work As thus in things premeditated so in ordinary extemporall discours he had a pressing way of eloquence and exaggeration of speech which came from him in such a grave serious accent that it mov'd all along In so much that by his garb he seem'd to be rather an Italian then French seldom or never would reason thrust be out of her throne by any impetuous irregular motions seldome would his passions make any furious sallies the greatest fit of distemper that ever was discover'd in him was at the news of Wallesteyns death with whom he had held intelligence for betraying the Imperial Army so to pave a way for France to ascend the Empire He would easily break out into tears and tendernesse of spirit The prime perfection in him was his forecast he was quick-sighted and Eagle-ey'd in every corner of christendom He had Ecchoes in every Court which sounded unto him all the affairs of State in so much that he knew as well what was done in the Junta's of Spain in the Consistory at Rome in the Cabinet Counsels of England and Germany as if he had bin President of all
ther 's no kinred and that amongst Soverains the Soverain law ought to be that which force of armes gives the weaker The expedients requir'd to ruine the House of Austria shall be propos'd in this maner That the most eminent among mortals doth promise ten millions of gold to the King of Poland assuring him of the Imperiall Crown If he saith that we have no Electors on our side since the Archbishop of Triers was so unluckily taken away my Lord Ambassador shall assure him that we are so strong the t'other side of the Rhine that we shall constrain the three Ecclesiastic Electors and the Duke of Bavaria to do whatsoever we please There is no question for that but to afford us means by a notable diversion to settle our Kingdom of Austrasia according to the Cart that Bertius made to the most eminent among mortals and which is always at the ruel of his bed It is an Empire that 's design'd for his Eminence who scorns to be call'd Cardinal Duke and would be King at any rate This Kingdom of Austrasia contains all the Country 'twixt the Mose and the Rhin to begin at the French County and to end at the source of both the Rivers We have already Lorain Alsatia Monbeliard some part of the lower Palatinat Mentz and something of Triers we have when we will the French Conté Luxemberg Liege Colen Iuliers Cleves and Gueldres we shall agree well enough with the Hollander for what they hold and so we shall make a Kingdom for the most eminent among mortals of 160. Leagues long rich and well peopled which shall be given in mariage to the most accomplish'd Lady on earth the Neece of that spirit which moves the heavens who calls her self Madame de Combalet My Lord Ambassador may shew her picture to the King of Poland and if he likes her he may promise him for a dowry the Kingdom of Austrasia the Duchy of Richelieu thirty places more in France and ten millions of good gold without the false money of the same allay which we gave the Swed If the King of Poland say that the most eminent among mortals cosend the last King his father and that in the yeer 1630. Charnassé came in the behalfe of his Eminence to treat of a Truce 'twixt the Kings of Poland and Swethland to give thereby opportunity to the latter to enter into Pomerland and thence to Germany as it appears by the Letter and Instructions of his Eminence in the moneth of Iuly of the same yeer If it be alleg'd that the same time that Charnassé treated of these things in Poland and Swethland Cormolin was in Moscovie for his Eminence to invite the Russe against the Pole which he effected If these people which are so simple as to give credit to any thing do accuse us of perfidiousnes he must then disclaime the actions of Cormolin and swear that he had his head chop'd off for making the Muscovit arme against Poland If my Lord Ambassador advance nothing in Poland where it 's likely we are too well known he shall go to Russia and let him take heed that the Barbarians treat him not ill among those woods He shall go streight habited like an Englishman or a Hollander to Mosco to find out the Emperour to tell him the reasons which hindred him to send in the yeer 1633. the supply of men and money which his Eminence had promis'd him and that the Turk was not made to enter into Poland as the Basha of Buda made his Eminence beleeve He shall propound that if he please to break the treaty of Peace with Poland that Prince shall be engaged far in Germany Besides my Lord Ambassador notwithstanding any denial shall sweare that the party is made and tyed already and so the Moscovit shall have a brave time of it in Poland If these savages cry out that the most eminent among mortals is the cunning'st among mortals and that he caus'd the Moscovit to lose his repute before Smolensko where they were beaten like so many dogs which made them part with two Provinces and make a dishonorable Peace If they add that the Turk will attempt nothing on Poland because of the knowledge the Gran Signor hath of the generosity of that invincible King then my Lord Ambassador shall withdraw for fear he receive some affront We do not judge it necessary that my Lord Ambassador go back to Buda to treat with the Basha to make him surprise some places in Hungary his Predecessor having had his head chopt off for having enterpriz'd some things against the intentions of the great Turk and for receiving the moneys we sent him It may be feared that he who commands at present may command two of his Janizaries to put my Lord Ambassador on his back and to give him an hundred stroaks with a Bulls pizzle upon his belly as Monsieur de Saney was us'd in Constantinople for a peece of roguery he did Besides we hope the great Turk will break the peace with Poland and the truce with the Emperour to which purpose we have employ'd Monsieur de Thou to Constantinople whither he hath caried provision to make that great Army the Turke hath at Sea to descend into Sicily and Naples or to Malta he hath also in charge to interpose for a peace 'twixt the Turk and the Persian and to unite them if he can that they may destroy Christendom We leave it to the discretion of my Lord Ambassador whether he see the Vayvod of Transylvania but if he resolve to go thither he shall represent unto him that the whole earth wonders that he attempts nothing against the Emperour he shall exhort him to imitat his predecessor the valiant Bethlem Gabor and tell him that all the good Houses of France have his pourtrait in their Galleries with that of the King of Swed and that his Highnes should do well to send also his in doing some act of courage If he say that he hath an alliance with the Emperour and friendship with Hungary and that for a Picture he will not hazard the Originall in this case the Lord Ambassador is to withdraw himself hansomly Then shall he enter Tartary where 't is probable we shall manage our busines better because that people know us not so well withall they are fitter for our turn in regard they place all right in Armes as we have hitherto done That they stay not long in one place like the most Eminent of mortals my Lord Ambassador shall go visit Chamocublay the great Cham wheresoever he be He shall not wonder at that faire Palace of Marble Porphiry and Jasper which hath half a league in every corner He shall esteem it but not in such a maner but that his Eminence hath Houses which approch in some kind those of Cambalu Above all things the Duke of Sabin shall take heed that he pull off his hat very low before the great Cham he must remember that Dracula caus'd three Turbans
quòd ita Regi Regnóque servierit Ut utrumque servaret Tandem profligato Germano caeso Hispano Pacato Regno Séque ipso omnibus majore victo Spretis umbratilibus terrae triumphis Immarcescibilem a Deo Coronam recepturus excessit Incertum relinquens An vixerit et rexerit feliciùs an obierit sanctiùs Ab Invidia planctum extorsit Et quo praesentem exercuerat absentem luxit Nec poterat ultra progredi summum attigerat Exuvias mortis Sorbonae dedit quo vivo Sorbona fuerat animata In Sorbona quam dilexit tumulum elegit Et in sinu ejus jacere voluit Quam jacentem invenit et erexit Etiam Sorbonae Genium si jacuisset solus erecturus Debilitatis undique Hostibus Soli Morti cessit Mortis Victor suique superstes Dum in omnium ore animoque vivit Ora et Vale. Obiit iv Decem. 1642. aetat 57. 3. mens The Monument of the most eminent Cardinal Duke of Richelieu Stay Passenger Armand Iohn du Plessis Cardinal Duke of Richelieu hath deposited here whatsoever he had of mortalitie Stay if thou art French at his ashes by whose Counsels France stood Stay if thou art a Confederat at the Cardinals tombe on whom as upon a hinge all Europe mov'd Stay if thou art an Enemy at the trophey of the Duke of Richelieu at whose beck the Ocean stood Read on His first good was to have a being his next to have a well-being As he was adorn'd with Ancestors so he was an ornament unto them for his knowledge and actions the one came from heaven the other tended towards heaven He was promoted to be Secretary of State who was afterwards to rule the State He was assistant to the Queen Mother who was to be the Kingdoms Father The King being willing and his worth enforcing Rome so granted him the purple that it might be doubted whether he gave or received more Eminence unto it His vertue made him most eminent before Rome At the brightnesse of his purple the Eagle quak'd the Lion roar'd the Rose grew pale nor could He avoyd the purple which had he not worn as ensignes of Martyrs yet he might carry them died in the bloud of enemies He withdrew himself from the Queen mother when she would be more Queen then Mother A lover of public Peace not of fortune Hated he was because he could not be lov'd enough He fluctuated neither at Court nor in the Ocean floods He stood immoveable at whose nod the Rocks stirr'd and under him the conspiration of Rebels being quash'd Religion began to respire every where which without him was ready to expire he overcame his own foes when he listed the Kings alwaies He was so vacant to himself as if he intended nothing else so intent to others as he seem'd to neglect himself being the wonder of his age he did miracles happy he was that he pleas'd a just King and happier that he so serv'd the King and Kingdom that he preserv'd both At last the German routed the Spaniard slain the Kingdom quieted and having orecome himself the greatest of all contemning the shadowy triumphs of the earth being to receive an immarcescible crown of God he expir'd leaving it incertain whether he liv'd and rul'd more happily or died more piously He wrung teares from Envie herself who poursuing him living condol'd him dead He could go no further he had attain'd the highest The spoiles of death he gave to Sorbon who living animated Sorbon In Sorbon whom he lov'd he desir'd to lye and to rest in her bosom whom finding tottering he took up nay he only could have reviv'd the Genius of Sorbon had it been like to faint The foe enfeebled every where he only yeelded to death being deaths Conqueror and Survivour of himself while he lives in the mouths and minds of all men Pray and farewell He died 4th of December 1642. the 57. yeer and 3th moneth of his Age. This Epitaph gives a full compensation for the tartnes of the two former which were inserted expresly thereby to enfranchise the judgement of the Reader to discover the impartiality of the story and make truth more perspicuous for it is a good rule in Logic that Contraria juxta se posita magis elucescunt the confrontation of contraries makes things appear more clearly I know there is a saying in French that vent coulis a cranny wind is more hurtfull then an open such are reproaches 'twixt prayses But let not the Authour of this story be mistaken that he intended to derogat but only for the ends above mentioned from the merit of so brave a man whom his very enemies admir'd for his fagacity and cloquence for his admirable forecast and penetrating judgement for the vivacity of his spirit and quicknes of apprehension for his affiduity and indefatigable vigilance for his excellent addresse and sinewy expressions and dextrous way of dispatch for his rare policy and prudentiall parts and lastly for the stupendous succes of his counsels These atributes as it is no flattery to give him so it were injury to deny him By these he made France formidable to the world he made his Master Arbiter of his own interests an Avenger of all affronts and supporter of his Confederats by these he got him three keyes of invaluable advantage Brisack Pignerol and Perpignan the first to enter Germany the second Italy the third Spain at pleasure By these he made him the most absolute and independent Monark that ever raign'd in that Kingdom and freed him from all fears to receive the law from his subjects ever hereafter But by ascribing so much to the Minister let us not derogat from the Master who was as active in his way and concurr'd to achieve all these things We have an axiom in Philosophy that Sol et Homo generant Hominem The Sun and man beget man the one by his Universall influx being the fountain of heat the other by Naturall organs So we may say the King and Cardinal produc'd all these actions the one by the influence of his high power and Regall authoritie the other by his instrumentall activity The Cardinal de Richelieu's Armes were three Chevrons in a field argent 2 plain and simple coat therefore the more ancient which Armes with his Purple Hat which supported that great Crown and made the Lillies flourish and swell so many yeers we will lay upon his Tomb with this Distic for a finall farewell Aurea purpureo turgebant sceptra galero Crescebant triplici Lilia fulta Trabe And now 't is high time for us to put a period to the whole work both to the History of this mighty Monark as also to that of his great Minister And though their memory be not like the Rose and other fading flowers which smell sweeter after they are pluck'd yet the report of them shall ring in France as long as the rayes of the Sun shall reverberat upon that faire Continent and albeit Ghirlands of Olive be improper
disadvowes that she was ever prisoner but that she had liberty to choose any place throughout the whole Kingdome to live in except Champany and for more respect she should have the Government of the place and Province he declares further that her departure with his Brothers was plotted by those that are not only envious but enemies of the felicity of France therefore he prohibits and utterly forbids all his subjects of what quality or condition soever to have intelligence or correspondence with his said Mother and Brother or with any of their domestic servants or with those that are partakers of their Counsels under what pretence whatsoever Gustavus King of Sweden having by the intercession of the Ambassadors of his Majesty of Great Britain and France made his peace with the Pole strikes into Germany and like an impetuous torrent carries all before him for a time He enters into an Alliance with France and in few dayes the Treaty was concluded whereof the Articles were these that follow 1. The present Alliance which is made betwixt their Majesties is principally for the defence of all their oppressed friends and for the safety of commerce by Sea to reestablish all the Princes and Estates of the Empire in the same condition they were before the beginning of the German war and to cause all Forts and intrenchments upon the Baltic Sea to be demolish'd 2. To this effect his Majesty of Sweden doth promise to entertain and conduct upon his own charge an Army of thirty thousand foot and ten thousand horse into Germany and the King of France promiseth to contribut every yeer for the maintenance of the said Army one million of Franks two shillings sterling a peece one moity in May the other in November next following in Paris or Amsterdam and that this Alliance shall last to the first of March in the yeer 1636. 3. That if it please God to favour the armes of the King of Sweden he shall not alter or change the Catholic Apostolic Roman Religion in those places that he shall conquer but he shall permit the Inhabitants to have free exercise of their Religion according to the Treaty at Passaw and the constitutions of the Empire 4. That he shall keep himself in good friendship and neighbourhood with the Elector so he call'd him of Bavaria and with the Catholic ligue or at least in a neutrality provided they do the like 5. That no Peace or Treaty be accorded by one without the consent of the other 6. That in regard this Treaty was begun the last yeer and in the interim his Majesty of Sweden hath bin at great expence in consideration hereof his Majesty of France shall deliver the summe of three hundred thousand Franks in good Letters of exchange which ought not to be deducted out of those summes that were specified before for five yeers to come These Articles being agreed upon the King of France sent them to the Bavarian to approve of and subscribe them but the old Duke suspended his resolution many moneths and then the Swed having gain'd the great Battail of Leipsic against the Imperialists and the Catholic Ligue the affaires of Germany chang'd face Charnassé the French Ambassador came from the Swedish Army not without some complaints to Paris yet he was sent back with the Marquis of Brezé Ambassadour extraordinary to the King of Sweden to solicit still for a neutrality 'twixt his Army and that of the Catholic Ligue which was agreed upon provided that the chief of the said Ligue would separat their Forces and retire into their own Territories This declaration of neutrality being brought to the Bavarian he was willing to sign it provided that the Swed would restore what he had taken from the said Catholic Ligue since the Battail of Leipsic for after that Battail he had made a monstrous progres and penetrated the heart of Germany having now cross'd the Rhine which he had promis'd not to do without the French Kings consent and seiz'd upon the City of Metz where he now kept a Court Emperour-like The French Ambassadors proposing unto him a restitution of what he had taken from the Catholic Ligue he refus'd it whereupon there were high words pass'd twixt him and the Ambassadors so the neutrality ceas'd and turn'd to hostility afterwards and the Swed commanded all Roman Catholicks to void the Town of Mentz for fear they had intelligence with some Spanish Troups that were at Spire but that order was revok'd by the mediation of the French Ambassadors so the alliance lasted still twixt the two Kings The King of France a little after this being march'd as far as Metz with an Army for the defence of his Allies was visited there by some German Princes and the Duke of Lorain came thither in Person of purpose to see him and to scatter some clowds of diffidence and jealousies that were 'twixt the King and him so a new Treaty was agreed on wherein there were some Articles very disadvantagious to the Lorrener As first That the said Duke should depart from that time forward from all Intelligences Ligues Associations or Practices which he had or might have with any Prince or State whatsoever to the prejudice of his Majesty his Estates and Countreys under his obedience and protection as also in prejudice of the Alliance and Confederation 'twixt him and the King of Sweden and 'twixt him and the Duke of Bavaria for the conservation of the liberty of Germany and the Catholic Ligue and defence of the Princes that are allied and friends to France Secondly That the said Duke shall not treat or make any Alliance with any Prince or State whatsoever without the knowledge and consent of the said King Thirdly That he cause to retire out of his Countrey all such that are enemies to the King and that he shall give neither passe nor safe conduct to any of his subjects that have gone out of France against his pleasure Fourthly That no Military leavies be made in his Countrey against his Majesties service nor that any of his subjects serve or assist his enemies Fifthly That he shall give liberty and power to them who shall be sent from the King to seiz upon and arrest any rebellious subjects being accus'd and convinc'd of Treason These with other Articles were agreed upon in this Treaty which the King would not cōmence unles he had first deliver'd up Marsal a strong tenable place In such a posture as we told you before that Nature had plac'd the Duke of Savoy in the self same posture the quality of the soyles excepted may the Duke of Lorain be said to be being situated 'twixt mightier Potentats then himself who as once the Lion did increpat the innocent Lamb for troubling the waters may make him the subject of their displeasure and advantage at any time to devoure him But the Lorrener of the two is in a worse condition then the Savoyard being homageable to the Emperour and the King