by the Scots Commissioners first because they were not the same with those formerly sent to Oxford and Vxbridge Secondly Because all the additions omissions and alterations made in them are in those things which concern the joynt interest and union of both Kingdomes And thirdly the danger of wholly excluding the King and his Posterity and so the Crown from their right to the Militia which was an alteration of the Fundamental Laws And fourthly the uncertainty of the Religion the Parliament would establish they refusing to give their Brethren the Scots the particulars thereof Presbytery being then piece-meal offered by the Assembly of Divines to the Parliaments consideration In this point the Scots urged how many promises of UNIFORMITY the Parliament had made at their instances to them throughout the War and that this Uniformity might be extensive and become the Discipline of the Reformed Churches every where and so be the Catholick Rule had ordered the Covenant as a Model or Pattern to be printed in most of the Forrain Languages that it should be a sin and shame to England that all sorts of Heresies Sects and Schisms should be so multiplied Liberty of Conscience not onely pleaded for but in place already and all the kindnesses done them so unhandsomly slighted And as to the Presbyterial Government to be established here Exceptions were taken at the subordination of Church-Assemblies to Parliament in the words prescribed lest it should be interpreted as if the Civil Power were not onely conversant about matters of the Church and Religion but were formally Ecclesiastical and to be exercised Ecclesiastically and be counted such a Supremacy in the Church as in the Pope and the late High-Commission of England Next they scrupled their Provincial Commissioners for judging of Scandal there being no such Warrant for such a mixture of Lay with Spiritual Officers which they suppose may be the laying of a New Foundation of the said High-Commission or Episcopacy Thirdly That admitting the Power of calling and convening a National Assembly be in the Civil Magistrates as positive yet they cannot allow it privative or destructive and that therefore such Assemblies may not be restrained to times of Session the safety of the Church being the supreme Law That therefore it should not be left ad libitum to the pleasure of the Civil Power but that fixed times for their meeting might be appointed From this the English perceived that the Scotch Yoak would not fit their necks and though they could be content with their Spirituals there was no enduring of their Temporals which consideration with those Cavils printed and published produced a Declaration of the House of Commons wherein being now in no need of further assistance having no Enemy left but that Army they come to a point and withal thus gird their gude Brethren we shall repeat onely one Paragraph Concerning Church-Government we having so fully declared for Presbyterian Government having spent so much pains taken up so much time for the settling of it passed most of the particulars brought to us from the Assembly of Divines called onely by us to advise of such things as shall be required of them by the Parliament and having published several Ordinances for putting the same in execution because we cannot consent to the granting of an arbitrary and unlimited Power and Jurisdiction to near TEN THOVSAND IVDICATORIES to be erected within this Kingdom and this demanded in a way INCONSISTENT with the FVNDAMENTALS of GOVERNMENT excluding the POWER of PARLIAMENT in the exercise of that IVRISDICTION nor have we resolved yet how a due regard may be had that TENDER CONSCIENCES which differ not in any Fundamentals of Religion may be so provided for as may stand with the word of God and peace of the Kingdom And let it be OBSERVED that we have had the more reason not to part with the Power out of our hands since all by-past Ages manifest that the Reformation and purity of Religion and the preservation and protection of the people hath been by Parliament and the exercise of this power our endeavours being to settle the Reformation in the Kingdoms of England and Ireland in Doctrine Worship Discipline and Government according to the Word of God and the example of the best Reformed Churches and according to our COVENANT That 's the burden of the Ditty but how that comes to be set in opposition to the Scotch Model of Presbytery may be left to the distinguishing Expositors between Bell and the Dragon The Poets Fiction concerning Proteus was certainly a meer vaticination and prediction of this variable Monster for the King the Kirk the Parliament the Sectaries for every thing according to its present interest as the Camelion appears in the colours that are neerest it A serious Kirk-fallacy made a Parliament-Riddle Come we now to those long-hammered Propositions sent to the King at Newcastle Iuly 11. as aforesaid which were twenty three in number First That his Majesty would pass an Act for nulling all Declarations and Proclamations against both or either Parliaments of England or Scotland Secondly The King to sign and swear the Covenant and an Act for all persons in the three Kingdoms to do the like Thirdly An Act to take away Bishops c. Fourthly To confirm by Act the Assembly of Divines at Westminster Fifthly To settle Religion as the Parliament shall agree Sixthly In Vnity and Vniformity with Scotland as shall be agreed by both Parliaments Kill Episcopacy point-blank and shoot at Scotch wild-fowl at randome Seventhly An Act to be confirmed against Papists Eighthly Their Children to be educated in the Protestant Religion Ninthly For taking away part of their Estates Tenthly Against saying of Mass in England Eleventhly And the same in Scotland if they please Twelfthly For observation of the Lords day against Pluralities and Non-residents and for Visitations and regulating the Vniversities Thirteenth That the Militia of the three Kingdoms be in the hands of the Parliament for twenty years with power to raise money and suppress all Forces c. Fourteenth That all Honours and Titles and Dignities conferred on any since the great Seal was conveyed from the Parliament May 21 1642. be nulled and that those who hereafter shall be made Peers by the King shall not sit in Parliament without consent of both Houses Fifteenth That an Act be passed to confirm all the Treaties between England and Scotland and a Committee of both Houses to be nominated Conservators of the Peace between both Kingdoms Sixteenth An Act for the establishing the Declaration of both Kingdoms of the THIRTIETH of JANUARY 1643. touching Delinquents with other qualifications added now which were so comprehensive that they seemed accommodated for the fatal prognostick of that days Revolution in 1648. when accumulative treason a word invented by themselves against the Earl of Strafford was extended to other the Kings Friends as to number and in the amassed guilt of all impiety afterwards practised upon
English Lords and to perswade them of the honest intentions of the Scotch Nation were therefore for a while committed but soon after set at liberty having in part effected their errand and insinuated a good opinion of their proceedings withal begot an intelligence and correspondence with some of the Peers who before were well inclined to their cause This appeared soon after in the English Councils of War where the first Gallantry and Resolutions of the Principal Commanders were seen to flag and abate and dissolve into more soft and pliable dispositions to peace The English Army being far superiour in Arms men and bravery was encamped near Barwick and the Scots at Dunslo when by mediation of the persons aforesaid a Treaty was begun which ended presently in a short-lived Peace upon several Articles which being not performed on the Scots part are needless here to repeat In the mean time the Parliament of Scotland according to the Kings Proclamation when he also summoned their Assembly met on the appointed 15th of May and was prorogued till the last of August at which time they sate four days and therein formed four demands for the King The Assembly also sate a little before and abolisht Episcopacie the Liturgy and the Book of Canons with the High Commission c. These things coming to the Kings knowledge together with a Pamphlet prevaricating the conditions of the late Treaty their Letters to the King of France for aid their new Provisions for Arms their levying of Taxes of ten marks per Centum and continuing their Officers and Fortifications induced him by his new Commissioner the Earl of Traquair to command the Adjournment of the Parliament until the second of Iune next ensuing upon pain of Treason Against which Command the Covenanters declare and send a Remonstrance to the King by the Earl of Dumfermling and the Lord Loudon the Chancellour of that Kingdom afterwards who coming without Warrant from the Kings Commissioner Traquair were sent back again Whereupon Traquair a person suspected to have abused his trust comes himself and advising with Hamilton they both propound to the Council the affairs of Scotland being so desperate whether it were not more expedient the King should go himself in person into Scotland than to reduce them by Arms which after many politique considerations was Resolved in the Affirmative That nothing could reclaim them to their duty but force of Arms. This again brought the Earl of Dumfermling and the Lord Loudon to London with two other Commissioners where before the King again they insisted upon the justification of their innocence and withal desired that the King would ratifie and confirm their proceedings and that their Parliament might proceed to determine of all Articles or Bills brought to them to the establishing of Religion and Peace But instead of an Answer to their requests the King charged them with the aforementioned Libel and their Letters and Intelligence held with the French King which then came to English light and were known by the Characters to be the writing of the Lord Loudon who was thereupon committed for a short time but released upon the mediation of the Marquess Hamilton After his release he and Dumfermling presented their Assemblies and Parliaments Remonstrance to the King and the Commissioner returned also and gave a full account of the state of that Kingdom All three of them being admitted unto the Council together the matter was there managed with so much anger and sharpness that the King and the Scots were more exasperated against one another than before The Prince Elector Palatine the Kings Nephew by the Queen of Bohemia about this time came into England having utterly lost his interest in the Palatinate by the late defeat given him there by Count Hatsfield the Emperours General where Prince Rupert so famous afterwards in our Wars and the Lord Craven were taken he staid not long here but departed again and was taken at Lions by the French having past so far undiscovered he was soon after released and returned into England where by the Parliament he had 8000 l. a year assigned him out of his Uncles the Kings Revenue till after His Murther he departed home upon the Articles of Munster-Treaty by which he was restored to his Dignities and Sovereignty being conveyed hence in 1649. in a man of War to the Brill in Holland This year was signalized also by a famous Sea-fight between the Flemings and the Spaniards in the Downs Don Antonio Ocquendo was Admiral of the Spanish Fleet which consisted of seventy Sail of great Ships and Gallions on which were put aboard as the report went twenty five thousand men designed for the service of the Spaniard against the Dutch of the one side and the French on the other and were ordered to be landed at Dunkirk with money for the paying of his Armies then afoot On the 17th of September they were met by the Vice-Admiral of the Holland-Fleet who engaging them in the Chanel was worsted but getting to windward kept near them continuing firing to give Van Trump then before Dunkirk notice of their approach Betwixt Dover and Calice the two Dutch Fleets joyn and attaque the Spaniard the English Fleet under the Command of Sir Iohn Pennington looking on the while who being sore bruised was forced to the English Coast where the Spanish Ambassadour desired they might be protected for two Tides by the Kings Ships but that could not be allowed for the Kings Neutrality between both Whereupon in the night some part with the most of the Treasure and fourteen Ships got safe to Dunkirk the rest Van Trump being recruited with an hundred Ships in an instant almost of time set upon and dispersed sinking and taking and stranding very many so that few escaped home This was the second luckless Armado of the Spaniard on which the malecontents of this and the Kingdom of Scotland grounded many false and scandalous surmises against the King To return again to Scotland where I may not omit one fatal passage On the 19th day of November being the Anniversary of his Majesties Birth part of the Walls of the strong Castle of Edenburgh fell down which was likewise interpreted for an ill Omen such another though more unhappily and nearly significant was that of the fall of the head of his staff at his Tryal before the pretended High Court of Justice For the repairing of these ruines the King sent the Lord Estrich Col. Ruthen and others who were resisted by the Covenanters as men not qualified for the service No hopes for these and other reasons being conceivable of treating and perswading the Scots to obedience a Resolution was taken vigorously to prosecute the War commenced the year before to which purpose it was debated at a Cabinet-Council where none were present but the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury the Earl of Strafford and Hamilton and there agreed that a Parliament
this excellent States-man without a very notable remarque which hath received credit from the mouthes of many honorable persons t was this At the time of the passing the Bill of Attainder in the House of Commons Sir Bevil-Greenvile and Sir Alexander Carew sitting together they both serving for the same County of Cornwall Sir â—evil bespoke Sir Alexander in such-like words Pray Sir let it not be said than any member of our County should have a hand in this â—minous business and therefore pray give your Vote against this Bill To whom the other instantly replyed If I were siere to be the next man that should suffer upon the same Scaffold with the same Ax I would give my consent to the passing of it And we have seen how exactly and in every circumstance this presagious saying of his was afterwards verified and accomplished It is observable moreover that none of all the Bishops that were advised with by the King in reference to his satisfaction concerning the Earls death escaped the fury of that Parliament and the times he only excepted as the King himself notes in his Book who counselled him by no means not for any considerations or reason of State or Time whatsoever to act against his conscience but that obeying the Dictates thereof he should refer the Issue to God which Counsel had it been followed doubtless those miseries which ensued presently after had never befallen him nor his Kingdomes the Earl being indeed one of the chief Pillars and Basis of his Authority and Government without whose ruine the Grandees of the Faction knew they could not effect or accomplish any thing such an absolute rare honest and loyal master-piece of Reason and Prudence so much strength of spirit to quicken his undertakings joyned therewith the age present saw not and well will it be for the next if it may compare and parallel him Thus far to the memory of his most useful life we must also parentate something to his lamented and most causeless death from which as we shall see in the conclusion of this History he had a most honourable Resurrection here On Sunday May 2. was solemnized at Court the marriage between the young Prince of Orange and the Princess Mary Before we attend the Earl to the Stage it will not be unworthy the Readers patience to observe Sir Dudley Carleton the Earls Secretary bringing him the news of the Kings passing the Bill of Attainder the Earl believing the King would not have done it arose from his chair and lifting up his eyes to Heaven clapt his hand upon his heart and said Put not your trust in Princes nor in the sons of men for in them there is no salvation A design was laid for his escape if we may believe Sir William Balfore Lieutenant of the Tower at that time whose report upon examination was that the Earl sent for him four days before his suffering and endeavoured to perswade him to connive at his escape promising to reward him with twenty thousand pounds and his Daughter in marriage to Balfores Son The said Balfore saying further that he was commanded to admit Captain Billingsley to march into the Tower with an hundred men for the better securing of the place but the said Billingsley coming he was denyed entrance by Balfore whereupon the Earl expostulates with the Lieutenant of the danger of opposing the Kings command Balfore answering that a design of his escape was discovered by three good-wives of Tower-street that peeping in at the key-hole of his door they saw him walking with Billingsley and heard them advising thereon and of a Ship to be in readiness for him below the River On the 8th of May 1641. the said Earl was brought to the Scaffold on Tower-Hill where were present some of the Nobility Sir George Wentworth his Brother and the Archbishop of Armagh to whom principally he directed his Speech which being so publique and transmitted by so many pens cannot certainly fail posterity and with much Christian resolution was offered there as a Sacrifice to popular fury heightned and enraged by the artifices and designs of some innovating principal Leaders to the following breaches and Rebellion To sum up all our misery in the total of this noble person the same day the King signed the Bill for his Execution he signed also another for the continuing of this Parliament till they should dissolve themselves the only lasting monument of all our troubles The Scots having thus obtained their aims against this honourable person whom they termed the enemy of their Country and having received a vast sum of money blood and the price of blood together were now pleased upon the disbanding of the English Army to march home and disband also as was before intimated having first obtained of his Majesty a grant to be present at the next sitting of their Parliament at Edinburgh which his Majesty condescended to and in August came thither having before his departure constituted the Earl of Leicester Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the place of the Earl of Strafford but through the Rebellion and other contingencies and reasons of State falling out he never went over in that quality though preparations were made both here and there in order to his Government On the seventeenth of May divers of the Kings chiefest Officers of State fearing they might likewise be subject to the same destructive change with the Earl of Strafford resigne their places viz. The Lord Cottington Master of the Wards to the Lord Say Doctor Iuxon then Bishop of London resignes his office of Treasurer of England to five Commissioners Marquess Hertford was also sworn governour to the Prince in the stead of the Earl of Newcastle The Earl of Pembroke displaced from being Lord Chamberlain of the Kings Houshold and the Earl of Essex ordered to succeed him Upon the Kings going for Scotland the Parliament was Adjourned till the 20 of October during which recess and his Majesties absence the ill humours of discontents gathered amain The Faction was strengthened at home by open and avowed correspondencies which became publique in menaces and threatnings against the remaining disorders and abuses in the Government The Ax had but tasted of that blood of which it soon after glutted it self all persons of all Ranks and Conditions King Archbishop Duke Marquess Earls Lords Knights Gentlemen Ministers Mechanicks suffering under its edge A remarkable thing the parallel of it being no where in our English Chronicles But so the Noble Earl of Straffords blood was expiated and his innocency attended with the like victimes The Parliament now met together after their adjournment the King being still in Scotland where he so ordered affairs by his indulgence and bounty that it was verily thought upon his departure he had not left a malecontent in that Kingdom to the confirmation of which opinion the Scots were not wanting themselves it being their complement grown to a publique expression that his Majesty
likewise made and Expresses sent to the King then in Scotland to the Lord Lieutenant the Earl of Leicester and both Houses of Parliament at Westminster who readily voted a potent relief but by their debates and quarrels with the King on purpose retarded it till all was near lost in that Kingdom the envy whereof they loaded upon his Majesty than whom no Prince could ever be more affected with the sadness of such a calamity I may not omit that Owen O Conally who was sent with the express to the Parliament was rewarded by them according to the desire of the Council of Ireland with 200 l. in money and 200 l. a year pension till lands of inheritance could be setled on him The Earl of Ormond was now marched to Dublin with the title of Lieutenant-General and a Troop of 100 Curâ—asiers compleatly armed Sir Thomas Lucas and Captain Armstrong old Souldiers and Captain Yarner arrived out of England as did Col. Crawford for whom a Regiment was raised as Troops for the other 600 Foot had been also provided under the conduct of Major Roper to march as Recruits to Tredagh at the instance of the Governour and accordingly on the 27th of November they begun this short Expedition accompanied with 50 Horse of the Earl of Ormonds under Sir Patrick Weems but by ill conduct and loytering in the way and the unexpertness of those raw foot-Souldiers they were of a sudden in a mist attaqued by a body of the Rebels near Iulian Town-bridg and there being deserted by the horse most shamefully routed three of the Captains with all the English except 100 that escaped with Major Roper to Drogheda being cut off The news whereof arrived to the Governour just as he was returned from the place of his disappointed meeting with them the day before by reason of their delayed advance Proud with this success as with the taking of Mellefont-house the Mansion of the Lord Moor which had been stoutly defended they made sure of Tredagh and drew their â—orces about it whereas had they marched for Dublin where they had too many friends and whence Sir Charles Coot was marched into the County of Wicklow to repress the insolencies of the Birns and Tools towards the poor English from whom they had taken Carews fort and possessed themselves of the chief Gentlemens houses they might have carried both places At Wicklow Sir Charles executed some murderous Irish but being caâ—â—ed to Dublin he was encountred by Luke Tool and 1000 Irish whom he quickly made run into a Bog with some loss and came safe home Now the Lords and Gentry of the English Pale plainly discovered themselves and as is touched before assisted in the siege of Tredagh and thereby Lemster and Vlster became United in this Rebellion in which Munster was not engaged till December At this time also they emitted their Declaration wherein they decâ—ared for the exercise of the Roman Catholick Religion their Rights and Priviledges and the Kings Prerogative and justified their taking arms to those purposes by the example of the Scots who had obtained their demands thereby And next they presume to face Dublin theatning to encamp at Clantarfe very near the Harbour thereof which they intended to stop from receiving any succours but at the approach of Sir Charles Coot they fled thence and the Town was pillaged and some part burnt for that they had robbed a Barge and some of the goods were found in Mr. Kings house who with Luke Nettervil and others had now encamped themselves again at Swords within six miles of Dublin with 20000 men and had possessed the Castle of Artain and other places within two miles thereof At Castle-Lyons and Rath there lay 2000 more who came out of Caterlagh Kings County and Kildare under Roger Moor. This was on the East-side on the South-side lay the Birnes and the Tools who had lodged themselves in Castles near the Sea-side and some Villages at the foot of the Mountains so that their Forces now in Lemster amounted to 20000 men About this time the Naas and Kildare were taken as were Trim and Ashbey in the County of Meath by the Rebels and no better news was to be hoped for or expected besides now the market of Dublin could not be supplied the enemy every where so encompassed it Tredagh nevertheless held out gallantly till the arrival of Sir Simon Harcourt with his Regiment out of England and some supplies of money and more men and arms were daily expected which deceiving the opinion of the Rebels so disheartned them after many fruitless attemps made upon that Town that they broke up their siege and marched Northwards but in their way Sir Henry Titchburn sallied out and overtook them and gave them a defeat and pursuing his success recovered Dundalk again by storm while Sir Phelim O Neal hardly escaped over the River and fled back to Vlster where Major-General Sir George Monro who commanded the Scotch forces whose Plantations fared no better than the English when the Irish had once mastered ours lent the Parliament by agreement at Edinburgh in revenge of those spoils and massacres committed made the same bloody havock and waste and in the beginning of the next year took in and recovered sundry Towns and Castles particularly the Newry which with the like successes of Sir Simon Harcourt and Sir Charles Coot in Lemster had almost flag'd the hearts of the Irish and made them willing to a Cessation Leave we that Kingdom in a forlorn miserable bleeding condition and cast an eye homeward The King soon after his return to rest and vacate himself a little from the toil and burden of business retired to Hampton-Court whence notwithstanding the importunity of his affairs straight recalled him to his Court at White-Hall where he was sundry times tumulted by a numerous rabble out of London crying out No Bishops with other affronting language to the King himself as they passed by the Court-Gates to Westminster where Col. Lunsford then nominated to be Lieutenant of the Tower but not confided in by the Citizens no more than others appointed to that charge till Sir William Balfour had possession thereof and some other Gentlemen drew upon them and wounded some of them which so exasperated them that the next time they came down armed and in greater numbers to the terror and affrightment of the parts adjacent to the Court an ill omen or presage of those dire revolutions which followed The beginning of these uproars were like themselves at first tumultuary and consisted of the rabble onely but the kind reception they found from some Parliament-Members who tacitely encouraged their rude clamours and smiled upon their numbers moved Citizens of the best quality to joyn with those Club-men and now they began to marshal their multitudes into rank and File the eminent zealots some of them Aldermens fellows being right-hand-men or else placing themselves in the intervals like Officers and upon their return
command all and every our Earls Barons Knights Mayors Bailiffs Constables Ministers and others our faithful Liege-people of our County aforesaid as well within Liberties as without by vertue of these presents to be counselling aiding and assisting to you and every one of you in all and singular the Premises And we likewise Command you the said Sheriff that at certain times and places which you or any three or more of you as aforesaid shall appoint shall cause to convene before you all such men in the County aforesaid by whom the Array Assesment and Appointment can best be effected and compleated and to detain those in Prison who for their Rebellion shall happen thither to be committed In witness whereof we have caused these our Letters to be made Patents Witness our self the 11th day of June in the 18 Year of our Raign Per Ipsum Regem The Reader must know that this Ordinance of the Militia was framed in February and declared to be a Law whether the King should give his Royal assent or no in March ensuing and several things done at that time in the several Counties in pursuance of it So that it long precedes the Kings Commission of Array though for dignity sake I have here Postposed it The Ordinance of both Houses of Parliament for Ordering the Militia of the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales WHereas there hath been of late a most dangerous and desperate design upon the House of Commons which we have just cause to believe to be an effect of the bloodie Councels of Papists and other ill-affected persons who have already raised a rebellion in the Kingdom of Ireland And by reason of many discoveries we cannot but fear they will proceed not onely to stir up the like rebellions and insurrections in this Kingdom of England but also to back them with forces from abroad It is ordained by the Lords and Commons now in Parliament assembled that shall have power to assemble and call together all and singular his Majesties Subjects within the County of as well within Liberties as without that are meet and fit fothe Wars and them to train exercise and put in readiness and them after their abilities and faculties well and sufficientlie from time to time to cause to be arrayed and weaponed and to take the Muster of them in places most fit for that purpose And shall have power within the said Countie to nominate and appoint such persons of quality as to him shall seem meet to be his Deputie-Lieutenants to be approved of by both Houses of Parliament And that any one or more of the said Deputies so assigned and approved of shall in the absence or by command of the same have power and Authoritie to do and execute within the Countie all such Power and Authoritie before in this prâ—sent Ordinance contained And so shall have power to make Colonels and Captains and other Officers and to remove out of their places and to make others from time to time as he shall think fit for that purpose And his Deputies Colonels Captains and other Officers shall have further Power and Authority to lead conduct and employ the persons aforesaid Arrayed and Weaponed as well within the County of as within any other part of this Realm of England or Dominion of Wales for the suppression of all Rebellions insurrections and invasions that may happen according as they from time to time shall receive directions by His Majesties Authority signified unto them by the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament And it is further ordained that such persons as shall not obey in any of the Premises shall answer their neglect and contempt to the Lords and Commons in â— Parliamentary Way and not otherwise nor elsewhere and that every the powers granted as aforesaid shall continue until it shall be otherwise ordered or declared by both Houses of Parliament and no longer John Brown Clerk Parl. How contrary to any Law Practice or Precedent of any Parliament this Ordinance was I refer the Reader to examine in his Majesties Answer to it Many Messages and Answers and Papers past betwixt the King and the Parliament which though out of their order we shall present at one view intire in this Place this History not allowing every one a particular room Those of the Kings were less strained yet more elegant then the Parliament's the great ingredients and most substantial part of their Addresses were Jealousies and Fears with which the King was constantly baited for want of more solid Arguments and which no reason could rectifie or dispel being irrefutable because inexistible it being like fighting with a shadow which canot be driven away They protested all along that if his Majesty should persist in the denyal of the Militia the Dangers were such as would indure no longer delay but that they should be forced to dispose of it by Authority of Parliament and must resolve so to do as it was by them propounded Desiring that for the safety of his person and people in much jealousie and Fear he will be pleased to reside in or neer London and to continue the Prince at St. Iames's or any other Houses neer London to prevent the Jealousies and Fears of the people Affirming That by the Laws of the Realm the power of the Militia of raising ordering and disposing thereof in any place cannot be granted to any Corporation by Charter or otherwise without consent of Parliament and that those parâ—s of the Kingdom that have put themselves in a posture of defence have done it by direction and Declaration of Parliament The King much troubled with those unreasonable Papers replyed that he was so much amazed at this Message that he knew not what to answer You speak of jealousies and fears said he lay your hands to your hearts and ask your selves whether I may not in earnest be disturbed with jealousies and fears and if so I assure you this Message hath nothing lessned them For the Militia I thought as much before My last answer being agreeable to what in Iustice or reason you can ask or I in honour grant I shall not alter in any point I wish my residence near you might be safe and honourable that I had no cause to absent my self from Whitehal Ask your selves whether I have not I shall take that care of my Son which shall justifie me to God as a father and to my Dominions as a King I assure you upon mine honour I have no thoughts but of peace and Iustice to my people which I shall by all means possible seek to preserve relying upon the goodness of God for the preservation of my self and my rights This quickned in the Parliament a resolution that the Kingdom be put presently into a posture of defence and a publique Declaration thereupon to be made They talkt of advertisements and extraordinary preparations of forraign Princes by land and Sea In order to this the Beacons were made up new
Sea-marks set up much riding posting with packquets whispering and tales telling The Earl of Northumberland Admiral of England is commanded with all speed to rigg the Kings ships and equip them forth-with for the Sea And because of his indisposition that charge is conferred on the Earl of Warwick against whom the King took great exception one very affectionate to the Cause which then first began to be in every mans mouth The Declaration aforesaid was carried to Royston whither the King was removed from Theobalds by the Earls of Pembrook and Holland who delivered him the substance of it to which he returned in a most polite Declaration also and verbally told the Lords that for the Militia he would not trust his wife and children with it for an hour that it was never asked of any King That to their Fears and jealousies he would take time to satisfie all the world hoping that God would in his good time discover the bottoms and secrets of all plots and treasons and set him upright with his people The substance of his Declaration was this That he had little encouragement to Replyes of this nature when he is told of how little value his words are with them though accompanied with Love and Iustice That his honour ought not to be wounded under the common stile and imputation of evil Councellours That he had formerly declared his faithful affection to the Protestant Profession his whole life answerable in practice which should rather be acknowledged by them than any designe of his framed and declared to alter it in this Kingdom calling God to be witness and wishing that the judgement of Heaven may be manifested on those that have or had any such designe Concerning his sense of his good Subjects in Ireland what had he not done in his Messages to both Houses offering his own person ready to venture for their preservation and redemption being to give God an account of his interest in them Denyes any designe of forcing the Parliament by his Army and other particulars of the Petition of passes granted Col. Leg my Lord Jermins Pass as likewise the Lord Digbies And as for advertisements from Rome Venice Paris the Popes Nuncio the Kings of France and Spain He is confident â—o sober man in the Kingdom will believe that he is so desperate or senceless to entertain such designes to bring the Kingdom to destruction and bury his name and posterity in perpetual infamy He adds in conclusion could there yet want evidence on his part to joyn with his Parliament Look back upon their own Remonstrance in November last of the State of the Kingdom which valued his Acts of Grace and Iustice at so high a rate that it declared the Kingdom a gainer though it should charge it self by Subsidies and Pole-money six millions of pounds besides the Contracting the Sents demands of two hundred and twenty thousand pounds Nay more he hath passed those Bills for the triennial Parliament for relinquishing his Title to impose upon Merchants goods and his power of pressing of Souldiers for suppressing the Court of Star Chamber High-Commission regulating the Council-Table Are these but words The Bills for the Forrests the Stannery Courts the Clerk of the Markets the taking away the Vote of the Bishops nothing but words what greater earnest can be given than the Bill for the continuance of the Parliament The length of which he wishes may never alter the nature of Parliaments And for a perfect reconciliation with his people he offers a free pardon Nor doth he repent of his favours done them but will meet them in an honourable way to add more with the greatest readiness and kindness for the peace Honour and Prosperity of the Nation This seemed satisfactory to the unprejudiced and sober but prevailed not at all with the factious and giddy multitude and less with their Chiefs and Abetters who now emit the Ordinance for the defence of the Kingdom which is resolved to be no whit prejudicial to the Oath of Allegiance and Supremacy and next that the Kings Commissioners of Lieutenancy over the respective Counties are illegal and void That their Ordinance for the Militia is to be obeyed as the fundamental law of this Kingdom and prepare another Declaration to that purpose As the King removed North-ward his mind went South-ward though the Showers gathered there which soon after came down in a storm But it is a question whether if the King had returned his influence had not dispelled and dissipated them which thickned presently together and resisted that light which Majesty dispenced in many after-gratious offers and condescentions till the setting of it after a big and fatal revolution Therefore he sends another Message to them from thence that he means to take up his residence at York conjures them to dispatch the business of Ireland and if calamities increase upon his Protestant Subjects there he shall wash his hands before all the World from any imputation upon him He saith that as he hath been forward to retract any thing intrenching upon them so he expects an equal tenderness in them towards him in any unquestionable and fundamental priviledge That his Subjects be not obliged to obey any Act Order or Injunction to which his Majesty hath not given his consent And therefore requires that they presume not upon pretence of any Order or Ordinance to which his Majesty is not a party of the Militia or any other thing to do or execute against the laws he being to keep the laws himself and his Subjects to obey them To this all the reply they made was That to have their Vote questioned or contradicted is a high breath of priviledge of Parliament and a Committee was by them appointed to examine where and by whom this Message was counselled and as the total of all this absurdity they justifie their last Declaration in every particular The King knowing what the Parliament drove at chiefly to render him suspect of favouring Papists being at Stamford published a Proclamation for putting the Laws in due execution against Papists this somewhat abated the charge which his enemies laboured to fix on him for this particular though they wrested this also giving out that it was a time-serving policy and that nothing less was intended What the two Houses did ambiguously supplicate the York-shire Gentry did cordially beg of the King desiring by such expedients as his Majesties own judgment should dictate a right understanding betwixt him and his Parliament to whom they would likewise address themselves The King returned a gratious answer with thanks tells them that he is not mistaken in the confidence of their affections nor will he ever deceive their expectations from him But as to the prayer of the Petition the alone way of a good understanding was for the Parliament to consider of his Message of the 20th of Ianuary that the Militia be setled by Act of Parliament explained in his
Council attending him at York and declares that he will not require any obedience from them but by the Laws of the Land charging them not to yeild obedience to any commands illegally imposed by others and that he will defend them and all others from the Votes of Parliament Lastly that he will not engage them in any War against the Parliament except for necessary defence against such as invade him or them Then came out his general Declaration where after he had fully unmasqued the pretences of the Parliament in their project of Liberty and Religion he excites all his loving subjects according to their Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy to contribute their aid and assistance for the opposing and suppressing those Trayterous attempts of such persons as would destroy his Person Honour and Estate and engage the Kingdom in a Civil War Dâ—claring that whoever shall bring unto him Money or Ammunition Horse and Arms for his or the publique defence shall receive 8 l. per centum interest to be assured out of his Forrest-Lands Parks and Houses And then issues out a Proclamation shewing the Legality of his Commissions of Array To all these the Parliament respectively answer justifie their proceedings and promise to use the money advanced for the Irish service according to the first designation of it though herein they failed abundantly converting the most part of it to their own use and necessities Though the Parliament was intent on the business of levying Arms yet several Patriots of both Houses did what they could to perswade to an accommodation amongst whom Sir Benjamin Rudyard was one of the chief who all along warned them of the miseries of a Civil War and what a shame it would be to them in after-times and so consequently to all Parliaments if when the King had condescended so far they should proceed to the effusion of blood upon so unnecessary a quarrel He dyed soon after the first blood was drawn and that speech of his on his death-bed is very remarkable Mr. Pym and Mr. Hambden the Grandees of the then Faction told me saith he That they thought the King so ill beloved by his Subjects that he could never be able to raise an Army to oppose them Which mistake of theirs cost many thousand lives On the contrary also many elaborate vehement Speeches were made by Mr. Pym and other Grandees to encourage the Citizens to stand fast to the interest of the Parliament and the City was not wayward to such councels Isaac Penington was Mayor a busie stickler of the Faction and many of the Court of Aldermen were little better affected the Common Council were generally of the same temper and indeed the greatest number of the people inhabiting the said City were alike disposed Now the Militia was on foot every where the Parliaments Cause had the precedency of affection their Ordinances being obeyed like Acts wherefore the King prohibited by Proclamation any Leviâ—s or Musters of his Subjects any where in England without his command and sets on foot his Commission of Array which the Parliament likewise inhibit to be obeyed any where but neither of them signified any thing to those that were bent and inclined to each Cause so that the preparations for War both of Men Horse Money and Arms went on very fast especially on the Parliaments side at London where all persons of all ages and Sexes contribute so excessively to the furtherance of the War that the sum which it amounted unto is almost incredible This money was borrowed upon the credit of the PVBLIQVE FAITH by an Ordinance of Parliament a name much adored then and as much contemned and hated afterwards The King finding how the pulse of these distracted Kingdoms did beat giving symptoms of some violent disease and distemper approaching redoubled his instances to the Houses for peace adjuring them to prevent that blood-shâ—d now so threatning and imminenâ— and they regâ—st the like entreaties and â—â—â—â—â—stations upon him but not bating an ace or receding a tittle from theâ—r 〈◊〉 Demands so that there was no hopes or likelihood of a Pacification Nor wanted there Artifices to uphold and maintain this Credit and Autho◠〈◊〉 which the Parliament had gained over the City their Purses and Affections they were told and that in solemn Assemblies that the evil Counsellors about the King intended the abrogation of their Cities Charter and if they prevailed would expose their Wives and Children to Rapine Violence and Villany and the wealth and riches of the City a prey to desperate and necessitous persons All which while they continued in the Parliaments protection they should have no cause to fear With these preparatory discourses and incentives the War was presently ushered in nay the Citizens were ready to court it as the certainest way of safety Add we also the encouragements of the Ministers of London to the other incitations who were so violent in their crying up the Cause that even meer Children became Volunteers forsook their Parents and followed the Camp Thither also are we now come For from the Kings leaving his Court at York with an intent to encourage his party in the Commission of Array and stitle the Ordinance of the Militia we cannot call his removes a Progress but Expedition and indeed it was a perfect War levyed though at such distances that the twilight of peace was preserved only by his hovering neer the Solstice of his Kingdom the midland without engaging the confines of their Association which if he had done speedily it is probable we had not seen that night of confusion that followed in his setting and declination His Majesty therefore having again called the Gentry of York together at rendezvous protested his unwillingless as well as unprovidedness for a War desiring if he should be thereunto compelled their assistance in the maintaining his most just Cause and then departed for Lincolnshire to Newark whither he had sent before his Letters Mandatory to my Lord Willoughby of Parham charging him to desist from raising levying or exercising any forces within that County by vertue of his Commission from the Parliament wherein nevertheless he had proceeded Here the King convened the Gentlemen of this County and made to them the like Protestations and having received some small supplies returned back again to York At the same time the Parliament were listing men apace and appointing their General and the Superior Officers of the Army His Majesty about this time meeting with some oppositions from the Earl of Stamford Lord-Lieutenant of Leicestershire for the Parliament was pleased to proclaim the said Earl and his adherents Traytors to the great dissatisfaction of the Parliament On the other side Insurrections happening in Essex the Parliament send down Sir Thomas Barrington and Mr. Grymstone to quell their Tumults where they seize Sir Iohn Lucas and his Lady at Colchester commit them to the Goale send his
refreshment there Marched the next morning being Friday with the whole Army to Reading where he stayed till the Sabbath was past and caused publique Thanks to be given for his victory About this time Sir Nicholas Crispe Farmer of the Kings Customes and a Commander for the King by Land and afterward by Sea commanding a Regiment of Horse had the Convoy of the Train of Artillery from Oxford to the Sâ—ege of Glocester which he brought safely thither and quartered at a Knights house in Rouslidge near Glocester where he findes the best part of the house taken up by Sir Iames Enyon and other Gentlemen of no Command in the Army These Gentlemen chanced to miss some of their Horses out of their Pastures and suspecting the Colonels Souldiers very rashly demand satisfaction of the Colonel who refusing to draw forth his Souldiers upon Sir Iames his pleasure the said Knight departs and sends a Gentleman to him with a Challenge the contents of which was That he should meet him in a certain adjoyning Field with his Sword which if he did refuse to do he would Pistol him against the Wall Sir Nicholas accompanied with only one Friend within an hour goes to the appointed place where he findes Sir Iames and the Gentleman that brought the Challenge and desired to understand of Sir Iames the ground of his quarrel with him adding that his Command in the Army might excuse him from fighting however he was come with a Christian resolution to give him all reasonable satisfaction for what injury he had done of which he proâ—essed to be ignorant Sir Iames replied he expected justice from his Sword and thereupon drew Sir Nicholas doing the like the encounter followed wherein Sir Iames received an unfortunate thrust about the rim of his belly and was straightway conveyed to the aforesaid house and within two days died On Munday the 2 of October following a Council of War sat upon Sir Nicholas but considering the provocations that were given him in his own quarters they thought it justice to acquit him from any punishment in that Court and referred him to the King who being informed of the occasion of their difference Sir Nicholas was admitted to kiss his Majesties hand and received his Gracious Pardon under the Great Seal Pity it were so worthy and learned a Divine as Doctor Featly should be buried in Oblivion though by the Parliament he was for some years in the Lord Peters House in Aldersgate-street London for opposing the strict Rules of the Covenant he was formerly Minister at Lambeth but his Livings were given away and his Books bestowed on Mr. White of Dorchester From Reading the General was received at London with great Triumph the Army Marching into the City and were welcomed especially the Trained Bands by their Friends and met by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen at Temple-bar and the King departed to take up his Winter-quarters about Oxford This Expedition though not so successful as the Parliament voyced it yet buoyed them up in their reputation which was before very low so that soon after they came to ballance the Kings fortune which went less through the Confederation of the Scots who were then in preparation according to the agreement and Covenant entred into here to enter this Kingdom in assistance of the Parliament The King sensible of this and for practising whereof or at least intelligence with the main Agitators therein he in Ianuary sent the Marquess Hamilton Prisoner to Pendennis-Castle who had all along assured him to the contrary And being daily sollicited by the pressing miseries of his Irish Subjects who were not able to subsist longer under them to procure them some rest and respit from the violence of that Rebellion as also the better to withdraw his Protestant Army out of that Kingdom to his own assistance here against the Invasion of the Scots by the Marquess of Ormond his Lieutenant there concluded a Cessation for a year with those Rebels and then gave order that 3000 of his English Army should be Embarqued which soon after in November landed in Wales under the Command of Sir Michael Earnely a Wilt-shire Gentleman slain in the second Newbery Battel and Colonel Monk after the most renowned General Duke of Albemarl which being afterwards divided to make up several broken Regiments by Prince Rupert were rendred not so serviceable by reason of the change of Officers and parting with their old Comrades as they might have been had they continued in a Body together being most of them veterane and well-experienced Souldiers The greatest part of those Forces besieging Nantwich in Cheshire were surprized after a sudden and stout resistance made by Sir Thomas Fairfax who was sent thither with all speed to keep them from taking head in those Counties Among the Prisoners was this Colonel Monk who was sent up to the Tower of London where he continued a Prisoner in very hard durance till the War was near expired and then took a Commission for Ireland from which auspicious employment have sprung all his Heroick most glorious Actions towards the King and Kingdom But to give a more particular account of the War which was parcelled out into all the Corners of the Kingdom we must insert here other actions of the noble Marquess of Newcastle and those Forces which he sent the Queen upon her advance Southward to Newark The hot news whereof alarmed the Members at Westminster most of the Northern parts being already reduced for the King and these considerable places since the Battel at Adderton-Heath gained chiefly by the valour of Sir Henry Howard and Sir Savile who both lost their lives there and were interred together in York-Minster Howly House Tamworth Castle Burton upon Trent and Bradford yeilded to the Marquesses Forces Hallifax was likewise quitted by the Lord Fairfax himself with much ado shifting up and down with his broken Party and suffering Beverly near Hull to fall into the same hands until the Parliament sent down the Earl of Manchester to oppose this torrent of the Royal success who rising with his Associated Forces from Lyn which was yeilded to him September 16 part of which had toward the end of Iuly under the Command of Cromwel and Ireton surprized Burleigh House and Stamford and seized several eminent Gentlemen of those parts who were sent Prisoners to a new Goal in Maiden-street London Marched to the assistance of the Lord Willoughby of Parham then hardly put to it and who had lately yeilded Gainsborough upon Articles to the said Marquess of Newcastle And here I must not omit the death of a most eminent honourable person upon account of this unfortunate Garrison while in my Lord Willougâ—bies possession Some of his Forces had surprized the Earl of Kingston Father to the present Marquess of Dorchester and brought him hither whence for better security of his person which was of great concernment to the Kings affairs
Dragoons with him and the place Tenable and Prince Rupert was also on his way to relieve it from Bristol with 1500 Horse and Foot but Okey's Dragoons creeping on their bellies over the Bridge to the Gate which they fired made the Governour surrender Iuly the 29. upon Articles To return to Sherburn-Castle there Sir Lewes Dives was Governour who made a most notable defence which for the honour of that noble Knight who so constantly and through so many hazards adhered to the King and because this was a place of remarque and the first that endured a formal siege in the beginning of the War shall be more largely spoken of A Hay-stack August the fifth at night within a stones throw of the Works was gained a Storm was then resolved on but afterwards deferred and Battery and Approaches pitcht upon together with Mining for that the ground wherein the Castle stood was minable Much hurt was done out of the Castle by Birding-peices by very skilful Marks-men several Officers and Gunners being killed by such shot Both Mines and Galleries were now made every worker being rewarded with twelve pence a day and twelve pence a night so hazardous was the service and then a second Summons was sent in with an offer from the General that the Ladies and Women might depart Sir Lewis acknowledged that civility but contemned the peremptoriness of the demand The Miners were got within two yards of the Wall where the Rock appearing they began to doubt of any effect but it proving but a soft stone on the 14 of August the great Guns played and had made a Breach by the evening in the middle of the Wall so that ten a breast might enter and one of the Towers was beaten down when the Parliament-Souldiers were so venturous as for six pence a Bullet to fetch off all the Cannon-shot that rebounded from the Castle of which there was great scarcity A third Summons was now sent in to deliver the Castle or expect extremity to which Sir Lewis told the Drum that he would hang him That the language was so far different from what he had formerly received that he could not believe it came from the same hand That whatever happened he would not lose his honour to save his life which he should think well bestowed in the service The Mine being now ready to spring a general Assault was resolved on the Gallery being advanced so neer the Works that the Souldiers pulled the Wool out of the Woolsacks from the besieged who made fires all night to discover the Mines and Approaches Two of the Towers were also gained and with that encouragement the Assaylants without order improved it forcing them within from their Guns which they had planted to oppose their entrance at the Breach so that presently they were forced to quit the great Court within the Castle Which so disheartned them that the Besiegers hastily and before the time appointed leapt over the Works and so into the Castle which was followed by the whole Army who presently possessed themselves of it and plundered it sufficiently stripping every person within it but because of the little opposition they found giving indifferent good quarter Sir Lewis was taken Prisoner and kept so a long while in the Tower till after the death of the King being designed for the slaughter also he made an escape from his Keeper at White-hall whither he was brought to be examined and soon after did notable service in Ireland for his present Majesty There were taken also 400 Prisoners Colonel Giles Strangeways Sir William Walcot Colonel Thornhil and the Clubmen of the parts adjacent fully quieted by the loss of this place their Leaders being sent Prisoners with those of Sherburn The next place designed as a further Trophee of the Parliaments victorious Army after some dispute because Plymouth was straightly beset and in the same plight now as Taunton formerly was Bristol In the march of the Army thither Colonel Rainsborough took in Nunny-Castle the 21 of August upon condition of liberty to go to their own houses Commissary-General Ireton was first sent with 2000 Horse to secure the Villages and Towns adjacent to Bristol from being fired by the Royalists in that City which because of its importance being justly reckoned in the first rank of populous Cities of the Kingdom and the onely considerable part the King had for Shipping Trade and Riches and lay advantagious for supplies from Ireland was thought necessary to be reduced and the danger of leaving so considerable a strength of 3000 Horse and Foot as Prince Rupert could make in the field and leave a sufficient Garrison besides was no inconsiderable motive to the attempt At the setting down of the Army several Salleys were made with different success Sir Bernard Ashley mortally wounded and taken under the Walls when on the fourth of September a Summons was sent in unto Prince Rupert which for its extraordinary civility and stile and that seeming reverence it bears for here the game began this being the first tast of this Model and drawn by Ireton is very delightful to insert For his Highness Prince Rupert SIR FOr the service of the Parliament I have brought their Army before the City of Bristol and do Summon you in their Names to render it with all the Forts belonging to the same into my hands for their use Having used this plain language as the business requires I wish it may be as effectual unto you as it is satisfactory to my self that I do a little expostulate with you about the Surrender of the same which I confess is a way not common and which I should not have used but in respect to such a person and such a place I take into consideration your Royal Birth and Relation to the Crown of England your Honour Courage the vertues of your person and the strength of that place which you may think your self bound and able to maintain Sir the Crown of England is and will be where it ought to be we fight to maintain it there but the King misled by evil Counsellours or through a seduced heart hath left his Parliament under God the best assurance of his Crown and Family the maintaining of this Schism is the ground of this unhaâ—pie War on your part and what sad effects it hath produced in the three Kingdoms is visible to all men To maintain the rights of the Crown and Kingdom joyntly a principal part thereof is that the King in Supream Acts is not to be advised by men of whom the Law takes no notice but by his Parliament the great Council of the Kingdom in whom as much as man is capable of he hears all his people as it were at once advising him and in which multitude of Counsellours lies his safety and his peoples Interest And to see him right in this hath been the constant and faithful endeavours of the Parliament and to bring those
Governour therefore gave the Prince notice who not being in a condition to relieve the place there being a numerous Garrison within he accepted of Terms which to give Colonel Fortescue his due were the best given by any but the General himself and came the neerest his generous way of Treating and caressing an yielding Enemy Not long after followed the rendition of Scilly-Island and the Prince departed for France the like of Denbigh and Holt-Castle which concluded the Military Actions and left the Conquerours whose wreathed Bays would not well twine together the Presbyterian Thistle and the Independant Bramble not apt to such coalition but scratching and tearing one another worse embroyled than they had been throughout or before the War in the greatest difficulties of their designs or defeats The Pricks of these Triumphant Coronets sharply troubled the heads of the wearers and how to set them easily they knew not Ambition was the most poignant and grievous to Cromwel Disdain and Envy to the old Presbyterian Commanders from whence resulted a just indignation in some of their Grandees of having taken Arms to such ill purposes against the King But in most others of them the Itch of Sacriledge and Covetousness the longing after the spoils of the Kingdom rebated the acuteness of those animosites jealousies and distrust intending their private advantages and chiefly aiming at the kirnel Wealth and Riches and leaving the shell of Government to be crackt and broken by other mens teeth to give them the fruition of their projected profits and Estates For Cromwel as it might well be presumed now took up these resolutions which he had staggered at some while before to invade the Soveraignty unto which end incredible will it be how he had wrought upon the Grandees of his Faction and they upon the Rascality and rabble of the same leaven into so great a popularity that he became the very Idol of those so then called Saints The News-books every day were filled with the wonders of his Atchievements where he was present at any success all was attributed either to his fortune or Valour where they had Victory in his absence it was acknowledged to his Counsel and Prudence insomuch that by sober men it was well hoped such affronts to his General might have awakened him to some distruct of his aspiring method but by the secret wisdome of God he was blinded not onely in a destructive and supine compliance with this Rebel by a guilty omission of his care and inspection over him but infatuated into his most scelerate and abominable practises to the subversion of the Parliament and the execrable murther of the King They who Raised this Army against their Soveraign being Raised afterwards by that one of their own listing Usurper His main and first engine to the overthrow of the Government and Laws which took its mischievous effect was the disbanding part of the Army under Major-General Massey a Noble person and though formerly an enemy to the King in that unlucky Siege of Gloucester now suspected as inclinable to a moderate use of that Victory the Parliament had obtained He was known to have much affected General Essex of whose principles and intentions of duty to his Prince one may without danger say they were tainted by the contagion of the times but never corrupted or alienated from the Kings person Authority or Family or Peace of the Kingdom By disbanding the Forces under him the design of Cromwel was first to make a division and stir some ill humour in the Army as if that were the leading case next to make the standing Officers when they should know they were at his disposal more sure and obliged to him and then to instil into them his own Trayterous devices in sum to perpetuate the War till he had attained his ends and then continue them as the Turk doth his Ianizaries Accordingly at the Devises General Fairfax for upon him it was put disbanded Major-General Massey's and Colonel Cook 's Troops being in all 2500 Horse prepared but falsely to obey the Ordinance of Parliament receiving onely six weeks pay for many moneths Arrears and because the Parliament so vehemently tax the King for entertaining of Forreigners and also because it is very strange observe what he saith further Sir Thomas Fairfax his Pen travelling as far as great Alexanders Sword Divers of the disbanded came from very remote Countries and bad Passes some for Egypt others for Mesopotamia and Ethiopia Upon consideration of this passage besides that it wipes away the cavil of the Kings entertainment of Forraigners a more general and no less envious observation ariseth viz. that in some sort it may be said what was spoke of the Roman Civil Wars That all Nations and people were engaged in the fortune and Fate of Caesar or the Senate that the whole World was concerned in our English Confusions for by this black list of Auxiliaries from the other side of the Line and such remote Regions it being also unquestionable how dexterously and designedly all our potent Neighbours thrust themselves in at our Breaches our troubles and intestine feuds may be allowed to pretend to a like obnoxious greatness and reputation since the fame of our conflagration and incendiaries flew to such distant and scorched Climates Those Salamanders embroyled themselves in the fire of our contentions and by their Hue it had been no great prejudice to the Cause they maintained if a man had guessed them to be the Tutelary Angels thereof the inside of all the pretences of the War against the King appearing as black and foul as the outside of these their fellow-Souldiers So that while we shall now in its order and time repeat the subsequent perpetrations of the Party and Faction the War being wholly finished and they by the wise providence and permission of God possessed of all they quarrelled for though it is not fair to prepossess posterity the Reader and after-times will suspect or think there is some Hiatus or deficiency in the Register of these troubles if after such a promising conclusion wherein the necessity and blessing of Peace seemed to be well accommodated in that juncture besides the opportunity and obligation of the Parliament to make appear their many Declarations and Protestations both in behalf of his Majesty and the Kingdom he shall be on a sudden without any pause or expostulation or account of the designes and practises of the Parliament and Army plunged immediately and involved again in new and worser and more perplexed actions and politicks than in the middle of the War for now having laid aside the mask the smooth and soft cover of their beautiful pretences they put on the gastly and terrible Vizor that personated the Tyranny and Usurpation which soon after followed To proceed then The state of the matter was briefly this It was thought now high time by the principals of the conquering side to share the
the life of his Martyred Majesty exempting from pardon all such as had proved themselves zealous and stout asserters of the King and his Cause Sequestrations Bonds Fines and Securities abiding the rest as to the King himself they had left him nothing but the name and Title of Regality the honour and support thereof being quite taken away The rest of them were private reserves and advantages for themselves and their partisans and some relating to the Kingdom of Ireland such an unreasonable miscellany that the Scots for pretence of honour could not digest them but scrupled at most of them as they were framed at Westminster for some of the reasons afore mentioned but swallowed then and were satisfied at their delivery at Newcastle by the Solution of Two hundred thousand pounds when in a peremptory manner as will presently be related they told him he must assent At the delivery of those Propositions on the 23 Iuly the King asked the Commissioners if they had power to Treat who replyed No then said the King Saving the honour of the business an honest Trumpeter might have done as much I hope you expect not a present Answer to this high concernment To which they answered that their time was limited to ten days By which time the King having viewed them declined them altogether though hardly be laboured and sollicited on all hands to comply with them and put into the Commissioners hands a Paper containing offers of coming to London to Treat there which they nevertheless excused themselves from sending to the Parliament whereupon the King sent this Answer to the two Houses by a Messenger of his own The Propositions tendered to his Majesty by the Commissioners c. to which the Parliament have taken up twice so many moneths for deliberation as they have assigned days for his Majesties Answer do import so great alterations of Government both in Church and Kingdom as it is very difficult to return a particular and positive Answer before the explanations true sense and right reason thereof be understood and that his Majesty upon a full view of the whole Propositions may know what is left as well as what is taken away or changed In all which he finds that the Commissioners are in no capacity to Treat with him That it is impossible for him to give such a present judgment of and answer to the Propositions whereby he shall be able to answer to God that a safe and well-grounded Peace will ensue and therefore desires to come to London upon the security of Parliament and Scotch Commissioners where by his personal presence he may not onely raise a mutual confidence betwixt him and his people but also have those doubts cleared and difficulties explayned unto him which he now conceives destructive to his Royal power if he shall give a full consent as they now stand as likewise to make known unto them his reasonable demands which he is assured will be conducible to Peace c. and will be there ready to give his assent to all Bills for the security and stability thereof not having regard to his own particular Conjuring them as Christians as Subjects and as men who desire to leave a good name behind them that they will so receive and make use of this Answer that all Issues may be stopped and these unhappy distractions peaceably settled And postscribes that upon such assurance of agreement he will immediately send for the Prince his Son not doubting of his perfect obedience to return into this Kingdom This Answer had a various reception in the House of Commons it startled the Presbyterians as who found it difficult to effect their purposes otherwise than by and with the King it tickled the Independents who did all they could by thrusting in harsh words and terms to make the King indisposed and averse to all Both became very sensible the King was not the man they took him for but a Prince of prudence and resolution no evil Counsellors being to be taxed with the penning of this as their custom was except Duke Hamilton and his Brother the Earl of Lanerick both of whom were very industrious in perswading his Majesty to consent nay even better friends than they to the King who feared this peremptoriness of the Parliament would grow to somwhat worser were almost of the same mind as far as preferring the safety of his life would indulge such thoughts whom the Presbyterians saw there was no way but by strict and undutiful restraint to bend to their will and the Independents by treachery and barbarous villanies to break and utterly to destroy Most highly incensed therefore was the Parliament at this refusal of those means which they said their most elaborate prudence and diligent ponderation of every circumstance after so long a time conducing to the King and Kingdoms happiness had prepared and digested to such an equal temperament of the rights of the King and the people The King was scandalized and reported every where as obstinate and perverse while nothing but the ipse dixit of the equity justice or reasonableness of their Propositions was produced nor was the Kingdom at all satisfied with their shallow suggestions But this served the turn with those who were glad it should be so and gratified the Rabble and the Army who fearful of a disappointment of their shares in the Ruine of the Kingdom the hopes whereof had so long flattered them more especially by the better perswasions and irresistible Arguments of money they suspecting the Issue some while before prevailed upon the Scots reason and faith and honesty to Boot who were so clearly convinced of the Kings refractoriness to the Counsel of his Parliament in denying those Propositions that they would nor could no longer maintain nor abet such his persistency therein but would leave him to the disposal of his English Parliament having first procured from him an Order and severe Injunction to the Marquess of Montross to lay down Arms though in a probable condition of recovering his late Defeat and to accept such Conditions as he could procure for him which indeed were mean and full of secret fraud and revenge against that Noble and famous Captain He was forced in the disguise of his Captains habit at his prefixed time to put himself on board an old and leaky vessel designed for him by the Estates of Scotland but pretending want of Victual and other necessaries while the time of his embarquing and set sail for Norway where it pleased God he arrived in safety and after traversed much ground solliciting the Kings cause in several forain Courts where he refused all imployments intent onely upon his Majesties affairs and at last betook himself to the Court of King Charles the second but of that and what afterwards happened to this illustrious Heroe there is yet room for another Memento The Scotch Compact being concluded the Earl of Lowdon very fairly tells the King still at
Newcastle what he must trust to if he will not comply with the offers of the Parliament If you refuse to assent you will lose all your friends in Parliament lose the City and all the Country and all England will joyn against you as one man they will process and depose you they will charge us to deliver your Majesty to them to render their Garrisons and to remove our Armies out of England and so both Kingdoms for eithers safety to agree and settle Religion and Peace without you to the Ruine of your Majesty and posterity and if you lose England you will not be admitted to come and Reign in Scotland We confess the Propositions are higher in some things than we approved of but we see no other means of closing with the Parliament And immediately thereupon Instructions are sent them from Scotland concerning the giving over of the King It had been debated in their Parliament and from thence sent to the Assembly for their advice by whom it was remitted in the affirmative and carried but by two voices in the Parliament and was accordingly transacted at Newcastle and London But the Scots were not so willing to be rid of the King as the Northern Counties were to be rid of the Scots of whom besides free quarter that Army had levied 20000 l. a month an unheard-of rate and a most unreasonable Several general complaints had been made but now they made up a charge of particulars with variety of imputation upon them which being also Printed the Scots Commissioners desired the suppression thereof or some other reparation which was as one may think well repaid in the sums of money they received upon this Contract which at first demand was no less than a Million but in consideration of a present round sum abated to 400000 l. whereof 200000 l. to be paid at two payments the first upon quitting Newcastle and marching beyond the River Tine the other upon the delivery of the King and their departure out of England and surrendring Carlile and Berwick to the performance on either part Hostages to be given The Scots insisted upon security for the remaining 200000 l. naming very conscionably and brotherly the sale of Delinquents estates but the Parliament would not so undervalue their credit nor prostitue it to their lustful eye cast upon so fair a partage of their Conquest nor buy the King and sell his friends The money they had was enviously enough bestowed on them being the sacrilegious rapine of Church-Lands then exposed to sale by Ordinance of Parliament but conveyed in pomp to the place of payment in thirty six Waggons six Regiments of the Army by the order of the General going with it for its Convoy and according to the agreement the first 100000 l. was paid at Northallerton in December Not to prosecute this subject further through so many diversities and change of countermines nor to touch on those irreverend Declarations from the Scotch Parliament and Assembly and their Reasons as unmannerly of not admitting the King into that his Kingdom it will suffice to say that at last they acquainted the Parliament having received their money that they were now upon going home and desired to know what service the Parliament would command them to the Parliament of Scotland which the King foreseeing and that he should be thus basely abandoned by them he betakes himself afresh to his sollicitation of his English Parliament wherein he saith That he had endeavoured by his Answer of the 24th of July last to their Propositions delivered him in the Name of both Kingdoms to make his intentions fully known But the more he endeavoured it he more plainly saw that any Answer be could make would be subject to misinformations and misconstructions which upon his own explanations he is most confident will give such satisfaction as to establish a lasting Peace He proposeth therefore again his coming to London upon security of both Houses where by his personal presence he may not onely raise a mutual confidence betwixt him and his people but also have all doubts cleared c. To conclude it is your King who desires to be heard the which if refused to a subject by a King he would be thought a Tyrant for it and to that end which all men did profess to desire Wherefore he conjures them as they desire really to shew themselves what they profess as good Christians or subjects that they accept this his Offer which he is confident God will so blâ—ss as to a happy Settlement c. A Reply was sent to the former by Sir Peter Killigrew one who had been the Parliaments Messenger throughout but none to this the two Houses being taken up with the business of disposal of his person somewhere else which was wholly remitted to them by the Negative Resolves of the Parliament of Scotland upon the Question of the Kings coming into that Kingdom That the Government shall be managed in the same manner and way as it hath been these five years last past and that fresh Assays and all means in the interim shall be used to make the King take the Covenant That if he shall do so yet the taking of it or passing the Propositions will not warrant them to assist him in England nor is the bare taking of it sufficient otherwise That the clause in the Covenant for defence of the Kings person is to be understood of the defence and safety of the Kingdom That if he refuse the Propositions he shall be disposed according to the Covenant and Treaty That he shall execute no power or Authority in Scotland till he do signe them and take the Covenant and that the Vnion be kept between both Nations His Majesty guessing at this their desperate and perfidious desertion of him had sounded their Commissioners then attending him in what condition or estate he was among them whether at Liberty or a Prisoner and put the Dilemma upon them If at liberty why he might not dispose of himself any-whither if in restraint what did they mean by his assenting and signing the Propositions which in no case could be valid or binding if agreed by him while a Prisoner To this the Scots had nothing to say but their Covenant with the English which they might not contravene and that according to the above mentioned Resolves which they now declared he was to be rendred to such hands as the Parliament of England should appoint who were expected every day upon that errand They further excused themselves from their reception and admission of his Majesty into Scotland from the danger and hazard they might incur his party being not yet so disbanded but that by his neer presence and advantage of his person they would resume their Arms and Courages and put that Nation in a worse broyl than before and for conclusion they told him they were in no condition to entertain him in that state and dignity
due to his person the Treasure exhausted and his Revenews eaten up so that there was but one way for his Majesty to turn which he might make hereafter large and convenient enough by a present speedy complyance with his two Houses at Westminster This made the King to look about him and to cast about which way to prevent and eschew this streight in which the baseness of the Scots had thus engaged him A design was therefore thought on of his escape from them but it was presently discovered and the surrender of him the rather expedited for the Scots were such honest dealers that having received their money upon the bargain they would not defeat their Chapmen of their purchase A wretched advantage to either the Scots never thriving after it but being totally at last vassalized and subdued and the Presbyterians in England every day growing less and less till they were swallowed up in the Anarchy and Medly of the following times and benighted in the succeeding confusions and Schisms We will leave the King thus in the Ballance between England and Scotland and cross over to Ireland of which little mention hath been yet made but shall now be remembred in its own series In the first four months of that Rebellion no less than 150000 Men Women and Children were Massacred there by the Irish Rebels an account whereof hath been published taken by the Rebels themselves lest they should have seemed more Cruel and Barbarous than indeed they were Some of these Murders were committed by old English Families Grafted upon Irish stocks and thereby became Roman-Catholicks such as were the Lords of the Pale who openly sided with the Irish and were their Chief Officers and Leaders The Earl of Leicester had been appointed Lord Deputy and he hastned thither but some difficulties intervening he by Commission appointed the Earl afterwards Marquess then Duke of Ormond to be his Lieutenant-General in that service who after many successful Encounters with the Irish whose numbers maintained the War more than their Valour though raised by the greatest incentive imaginable Natural desire of Libertie from the pressing Calamities of the Protestants there and the urgency of his Majesties affairs in England had concluded a Cessation by order of the King in 1643. Notwithstanding the Parliament-party and the Scots still carried on the War And to shew the Irish what they should trust to the Parliament in 1644 had Arraigned Mac Mahon and the Lord Macquire who a little before had broke out of Prison and after a months hiding were taken at the Kings-Bench Bar where Macquire insisted mainly on his Peerage but was over-ruled and both by a Jury of Middlesex-Gentlemen found guilty and sentenced for High-Treason for which soon after they were Executed as Traytors at Tyburn The Lord Inchiquin and the Lord Broughil condescended not likewise to this Treaty but with intermixed success stood out against the whole power of the Rebels and were at last greatly distressed To remedy this the Lord Lisle Son to the Earl of Leicester was now ordered to go for Ireland with an Army of 8000 men the Lord Muskerry was likewise General for the Irish in the Southern parts of the Kingdome who took several places of strength in a short time whereupon the Marquess of Ormond proceeded to make that Cessation a kind of Peace it being judged by the Lords of the Council there not onely an expedient for their safety for the Rebels threatned to besiege Dublin but also to divide them against one another the more moderate of them who had some sence of the Kings condition and had not altogether Renounced their Loyalty being for a composure but the Popes Nuncio and the inveterate Irish such as the Family of Oneal and Masquire and generally the Popish Clergy Opposing themselves thereto Notwithstanding it took some effect for the Marquess perceiving that no good could be done at present with the Parliament of England with whom he had Treated for supplies and assistance and had in lieu of it offered the Surrender of the places he held upon conditions to them and the Forces they should send came to agreement with the Rebels there and though the King had by his Letters from Newcastle ordered him not to proceed farther to any conclusion with them according as the Parliament had desired him yet seeing the necessity of falling into the hands of the Rebels or the Parliament and considering that the King when he writ this was in restraint and so his Commands might be dispensed with and that the Kings intention was to be judged better by them who saw the necessity of it upon the place and so not give way to other mens designs and false representations of it to his Majesty received these Propositions for Peace following being signed in November 1646 from the haughty Irish who thought themselves absolute First That the exercise of the Roman Catholick Religion be in Dublin and Drogheda and in the Kingdom of Ireland as free as in Paris or Brussels Secondly That the Council-Table consist of Members true and faithful to his Majesty and who have been enemies to the Parliament Thirdly That Dublin Drogheda Team Newby Cathirly Carlingford and all Protestant Garrisons be manned by the confederate Catholicks to keep the same for the use of the King and defence of the Kingdom Fourthly That the said Counsellours Generals Commanders and Souldiers do swear and engage to fight against the said Parliament of England and all the Kings Enemies and that they will never come to any agreement with them to the prejudice of his Majesties rights or the Kingdoms Fifthly That both parties according to their Oath of Association shall to the best of their power and cunning defend the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom the Kings rights and liberties of the Subject These the Irish insisted upon and were held in play that they should be granted with such Provisoes as should become the Kings Honour and Conscience of which if that Loyalty they pretended was any way Real they ought not to be less sollicitous than the Marquess and in the mean while the Peace to be as good as Established which indeed by the said moderate party was thenceforward observed as to his Majesties Interest in that Kingdom The Parliament to stop this Agreement a little before dispatcht away the Lord Lisle who weary of his Journey at his setting out was recalled but part of his Army was Transported with whom was Colonel Monck the after Renowned General who being Tampered with and for his Liberty having endured a long Imprisonment in the Tower for the space of three years undertook an Employment for the Parliament in Ireland The Forces shipped from Chester were neer two thousand accompanied with three Commissioners from the Parliament to the Marquess who having offered Dublin upon some Terms which they were to present to his Majesty for him to signe upon non-performance thereof on their part by keeping the Paper from
Army he had done enough in giving them at Westminster for the Parliament sounded no more at the Head-quarters an account of Him But of this presently at large Most certain it is that this designe was laid solely by Cromwel and Ireton and personated by the Agitatours suspected many of them and that rationally for Jesuits who were as good at wicked Plots and Contrivances as either of those Catilines but most accomplished for execution having such Lawless yet most powerful Indemnity not onely to protect them but to shroud their other Conspiracies for themselves against this Church and State It is strange indeed to consider how many several interests were driven on among the Belials of this Army as then under the appearance of honest and most just ends the same pretence whereof served and was accommodate to each particular combinating against the Publike as so many lines tending to one Center with all which Cromwel wisely temporized giving secret encouragement to them all professing to intend the same things and to be of the Party but that for a while there was a necessity of concealing his resolutions To this purpose caresâ—ing the Papists upon all addresses or discourses with him as also familiarizing himself with the Levellers as the men indeed that were to do his business and were right of his complexion for the spoyl of the Kingdom to be compassed any manner of way but by setting up a Government or Laws for their projected Democracy was but a more exact method or Rule of Thievery of all which they most abominated Monarchy as the most regular and strict whose awful Authority could solely restrain their loose and licentious practises and keep the mad vulgar within their bounds from invading all propriety secured by the ancient Tenure of all Lands and Inheritances from the Crown and the Laws which their devilish intention was to abrogate and abolish and by a Wild parity lay all things in Common But for fuller satisfaction what this Intrigue or designe meant it will be requisite to consult the King's and the General 's or rather the Armies account thereof just as it was done and first from the Actors the General and Council of War Sir Thomas Fairfax his Letter MAster Speaker yesterday the King was taken from Holdenby by some Souldiers who brought him thence by his consent the Commissioners going along with Him That his Majesty lay that night at Colonel Mountagues after Earl of Sandwich and would be at New market next day That the ground of the removing the King was from an apprehension of some strength gathered to force the King from them whereupon he sent Colonel Whaley with his Regiment to meet the King and the Commissioners and to return them back again but they refused and were come to Sir John Cuts neer Cambridge Professing That this remove was without his consent or his Officers about him or the body of the Army or without their desire or Privity and that he will secure the King's person from danger Further assuring the Parliament that the whole Army endeavours Peace will not oppose Presbytery nor affect Independency or to hold a licentious freedom in Religion or interest in any particular party but will leave all to the Parliament Tiberius Letters about Sejanus were not half so mystical as these nor was there ever so daring braving an attempt done in the face of the Sun to the face and person of a Prince so covered and concealed under such obscurities and pretended ignorances which rendred the impudence of the action more dangerously fearful by how much the less it was conjecturable what it portended nor could the King himself at present well resolve himself or his two Houses in this juncture as we shall see in his acquainting of the Parliament with it by the Earl of Dunfermling where he saith contrary to what Fairfax before That he was unwillingly taken away by a strong party of Horse and desired of the Parliament to maintain the Laws of the Land and that though he might signe to many things in this condition yet he would not have them believed till further notice given by him to his two Houses The King imagined they would make use of his Authority by forcing his consent to some Proposals and designes of Government but they onely made a stalking Horse of his person keeping his interest by pretences of respect to him on foot meerly to countenance their own and outvy and awe the Presbyterian party At the news of it in London both Parliament and City were in such confusion and so distracted that they might well be excused from rightly judging of the fact therefore they first bethink of remedy the Houses order the Committee of Safety to sit all night and provide ne quid detrimenti accipiat respublica and dispatch a Messenger to the General requesting him not to come neerer London than twenty five miles for news was brought them they were upon a speedy March for the City who at the same time shut up their shops run to their Arms and make a fearful hurry for a while and then resolve to send Commissioners likewise and attend the Issue in peace in such a maze did this accident put them In the mean while the King is caressed by the Army and shown in state to the people who with great joy every where receive him and applaud the Army who to carry their business the fairer suffer some of his Majesties old Friends to have access to his person as the Duke of Richmond the two Doctors Sheldon and Hammond his Chaplains who Officiated with him in publike according to the Church of England and divers others of lesser note At this the Parliament take exceptions and send again to the General expostulating the matter and desiring him to re-deliver the King to the Commissioners aforesaid to be brought to Richmond and there to be guarded by Colonel Rossiters Regiment of Horse In Answer to this the Army declare and require after their like manner of expostulation about the Irish Expedition and Transporting the Army thither that it was against former Declarations of the Parliament the precedent case of the Kingdom of Scotland and the liberty and freedom of the People That the Houses may speedily be purged of such as ought not to sit there That such who abused the Parliament and Army and endanger the Kingdom may speedily be disabled from doing the like or worse That some determinate period of time may be set to this and future Parliaments according to the intent of the Bill for Triennial Parliaments That provision be made that they be not adjournable and dissolvable by any power but their own consent during their Respective period and then to determine themselves That the freedom of the people to present Grievances by Petition to the Parliament may be vindicated That the exorbitant powers of Country-Committees may be taken away That the Kingdom may be satisfied of the
Parliaments accounts for the vast sums received and in other things where the Kingdom hath been abused That after Delinquents have passed their Compositions an Act of Oblivion may be passed Then they proceed to a Charge against ELEVEN Members which being read to them they stood up and made defence Their names were as followeth Denzil Hollis Sir Philip Stapleton Sir William Lewis Sir Iohn Clotworthy Sir William Walter Sir Iohn Maynard Colonel Massey Mr. Glyn Colonel Long Colonel Edward Harley Anthony Nichols Esquire all of them active men for Presbytery and obnoxious to their future undertakings and therefore by all means to be removed This was sent up by Colonel Scroop Okey Hewson and Pride Lieutenant-Colonel Goff Major Desborough Colonel Berry Clark Carter Rolph Saxby to which Charge a Paper was added wherein they set forth That in pursuance of these Representations they have the heads of the Charge ready and shall appoint fit persons on their and the Kingdoms behalf to make it good That if the Parliament shall admit this Charge that the persons impeached may be forthwith suspended from fitting in the House having appeared notoriously to the prejudice and provocation of the Army That another Months pay be sent down That if those who deserted the Army and have engaged for Ireland have received more that the Army be equally paid and that such have no more pay till the Army are paid their Arrears That because of secret practices and designes to raise new Forces and to bring back to London those ordered for Ireland That no Forces be raised or invited back or other Forrein preparations to interrupt the Liberty and Peace of the Kingdom That all this be speedily performed the condition of the Army the Kingdom and the King mark the order so requiring This concerning no raising of Forces c. was agreed to but to the suspension of the Eleven Members the Parliament demur and answer That by law no judgment can be given to suspend those Members before the particulars of their Charge be produced and proofs made Nor have those Members said or done any thing for which the House can suspend them Nevertheless not to enrage them the Members forbore of themselves whereupon the Army drew off to Berkamstead twenty seven miles distant and so to Vxbridge having marched the King from Royston to Hatfield and so to Causam neer Reading To this Answer of the Parliament the Army returned That by the Laws and the precedent case of the Earl of Strafford and the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury observe how that blood is thrown or flyes in â—he faces of the Parliament and the Lord keeper Finch who upon Papers of accusation were suspended sitting they might not be permitted likewise but are contented as yet because they of themselves have forborn the House From Vxbridge the Army marched to Wickham in complyance with the desires of the Parliament See here the Villanous Artifices of this Independent faction to so neer an imitation of Machiavel that they were neither discoverable nor resistible cheating and overpowring the King the Parliament the City nay the whole Kingdom at once for while all men stood at gaze what would be the event they had so obliged opportunity by their diligent attendance on her that they were already in fruition of it for remarkable is that speech of Cromwel who upon notice given him that Ioyce had the Kings person in his possession replyed Then I have the Parliament in my pocket making sure of his full attainment of all his ambitious purposes by this auspicious entrance and beginning of them For he dared now to shew his teeth and manifest that quarrel with the Presbyterians which had festred inwardly so long and by widening the rupture give vent to that filthy matter enclosed betwixt them All which cannot better be laid open than the excellent Pen of the King hath done it in this ensuing Meditation thereupon WHat part God will have me now to act or suffer in this new and strange Scene of affairs I am not much sollicitous some little practice will serve that man who onely seeks to present a part of honesty and honour This surprize of me tells the World That a KING cannot be so low but he is considerable adding weight to that Party where he appears This motion like others of the times seems excentrick and irregular yet not well to be resisted or quieted Better swim down such a stream than in vain to strive against it These are but the struglings of those Twins which lately one womb enclosed the younger striving to prevail against the elder what the Presbyterians have hunted after the Independents now seek to catch for themselves So impossible is it for Lines to be drawn from the Center and not to divide from each other so much the wider by how much they go farther from the point of union That the builders of Babel should from division fall to confusion is no wonder but for those that pretend to build Jerusalem to divide their tongues and hands is but an ill omen and sounds too like the fury of those Zealots whose intestine bitterness and divisions were the greatest occasion of the last fatal destruction of that City Well may I change my Keepers and Prison but not my captive condition onely with this hope of bettering that those who are so much professed Patrons for the Peoples Liberties cannot be utterly against the Liberty of their King what they demand for their own Consciences they cannot in reason deny to mine In this they seem more ingenuous than the Presbyterian Rigour who sometimes complaining of exacting their Conformity to Laws are become the greatest Exactors of other mens submission to their novel Injunctions before they are stamped with the Authority of Laws which they cannot well have without my consent 'T is a great Argument that the Independents think themselves manumitted from their Rivals service in that they carry on a business of such consequence as the assuming my person into the Armies custody without any Commission but that of their own will and power Such as will thus adventure on a King must not be thought over-modest or timorous to carry on any designe they have a mind to Their next motion menaces and scares both the two Houses and the City which soon after acting over again that former part of tumultuary motions never questioned punished or repented must now suffer for both and see their former sin in the glass of the present terrours and distractions No man is so blinde as not to see herein the hand of Divine Iustice they that by Tumults first occasioned the raising of Armies must now be chastened by their own Army for new Tumults So hardly can men be content with one sin but add sin to sin till the latter punish the former Such as were content to see me and many Members of both Houses driven away by the first unsuppressed Tumults are now forced to flie to an
Army to defend themselves against them But who can unfold the Riddle of some mens justice the Members of both Houses who at first withdrew as my self was forced to do from the rudeness of the Tumults were counted desertours and outed of their places in Parliament Such as stayed then and enjoyed the benefit of the Tumults were all asserted for the onely Parliament-men now the flyers from and forsakers of their places carry the Parliamentary Power along with them complain highly against the Tumults and vindicate themselves by an Army such as remained and kept their stations are looked upon as Abettours of Tumultuary insolencies and Betrayers of the freedom and Honour of Parliament They will find that Brethren in iniquity are not far from becoming insolent Enemies there being nothing harder than to keep ill men long in one minde c. The King as before desired the free enjoyment of what company exceptionless he should need wherein in part he had been gratified though to avoid offence the Duke of Richmond had withdrawn himself he thought fit therefore by a more equitable request to desire the company of his Children which the Parliament had denied which the General civilly undertook in this Letter MASTER SPEAKER I Was sent unto by the King on Fryday last to desire the Parliament to give him way to see his Children and that they might for that purpose be sent unto him If I may be bold humbly to offer my opinion I think the allowance of such a thing may be without the least prejudice to the Kingdom and yâ—t gain more upon his Majesty than by denying it And if it be in the Prayers of every good man that his heart may be gained the performance of such Civilities to him is very suitable to those desires and will bear well with all men who if they can imaginâ— it their own case cannot but bâ— sorry if his Majesties natural affection in so small a thing shall not be complied with I engaging for their return within what time the Parliament shall limit Denies occasion being taken hereby by some any underhand contract or bargain with the King and assures them of their Fidelity to them and the Kingdom nothing being so likely to settle an agreement and peace as an accord betwixt them and the Army which they shall study to preserve What is done in reference to a just consideration and settlement of the Kings Rights he first giving his Concurrence to secure the Rights of the Kingdom is declared in our Remonstrance since which several Addresses have been made to him by several Officers to clear the intentions of such Papers as the Representation and Remonstrance whereunto his Majesty might make any question but no bargain of advantage for our selves having thereby utterly disclaimed any such thing But the onely intent and effect of those Addresses hath been to desire his Majesties free Concurrence with the Parliament for establishing and securing the Common Rights and Liberties c. and to assure him that being done that it is fully agreeable to their principles and that they should be desirous that in such setling of the publike the Rights of his Majesties Royal Family should be also provided for And that as we had declared so in general if things came to a settlement we should not be wanting in our Sphere to own that general desire in any particulars of Natural or Civil Rights to his Majesties Person or Family which might not endanger the publike And in the mean time that his Majesty shall finde all personal respects and civilities and all reasonable freedom from us that might stand with safety c. And fâ—r that particular of the Duke of Richmond and his two Chaplains Doctor Hammond and Doctor Shelden lately admitted to attend his Majesty it was not done without much reluctancie because we doubted we might therein be misunderstood by the Kingdoms best friends But upon his Majesties continual importunity we did allow him such Company of persons least dangerous such as we hoped would not do ill offices and in whom his former acquaintance might cause him to take pleasure being both reasonable and just and the debarring of that liberty especially of his Chaplains would but make him the more prejudiced against their Ministers In general we humbly conceive that to avoid all harshness and afford all kinde usage to his Majesties Person in things consisting with the peace and safety c. is the most Christian honourable and most prudent way and we think that tender moderate and equitable dealing both towards his Majesty his Royal Family and late Party so far again as may stand with the safety c. is the most hopeful course to take away the seeds of War future feuds amongst us for Posterity and to procure a lasting Peace and settle Religion c. And if God shall make us instrumental thereto we shall thenceforth account it our greatest happiness and honour if God see it good to be disengaged from any publike employment whatsoever This in the name of the Army or at least most considerable part thereof In this Letter he likewise enclosed another from the King to the Duke of York wherein he ordered him to ask leave of the two Houses for Him his Brother and Sister to come and see Him if but for a Dinner-time acquainting him that if the Parliament should make any scruple for fear lest the Army should dâ—â—ain them also that he had assurance from the General and other principal Officers such cautâ—â—â— was then necessarily used for they did what they pleased without the General that they should freely return according to the time limited to â—â—eir Govâ—rnour the Earl of Northumberland who then kept them by a small allâ—â—vanc out of his Majesties Revenue at his Mannor of St. Iames. Dâ— the mediaâ—â—â—ns oâ— the General who could do more with a 〈◊〉 than the King by a Proclamation he had the pleasure or rather favour done him to see them at Maidenhâ—ad where they dined with their Father and thence went with him to Causam â— house of my Lord Cravens where for two days they were dispensed with in his company and â—hen remitted to their former tuition and cusâ—â—dy He was visitâ—â— also 〈…〉 while before by his Nephew the Prince Elector Palatine eldest Brother to the Princes Rupert and Maurice who had all along continued from his coming â—ver lâ—st in the Parliaments Quarters allowed by them a stipend of 8000 â— per annum till in 1649. after the murther of his Uncle they dismist him into Holland To digrâ—ss a little to the review of the Generals Letter but the pâ—oduct of Iretons brain who was Secretary all along to these whidling and â—â—â—lacious Paper-Kites no less than ten Salvo's or Restrictious to the â—â—â—ttlement of the King yea to curry with him setting forth a necessity of 〈…〉 his just rights and the equity of their declaring for them still not 〈◊〉 the performance of the
least Syllable they wrâ—â—â—â—r uttered in his behalf They desire not to be misunderstood and it is impossible for any man to understand them aright their Language and Actions being so distanced yet so plausible and swimmingly they carried it that no Party was disobliged save the Presbyterian with whom upon any slâ—nder pretenceâ— they desired and had offered to be at open defiance But their conclusion of this Epistle bewrayed all and gave some light to thâ—se designes in the dark behind in that they so voluntarily offered to disband and to take it for an honour to be dismist thoâ—gh with a Reserve of a Settlement when as a more honourable service and a most Christian work of assisting their poor Countrymen in Ireland was with so much indignation and mercilesness upbraided and refused by them But of this enough The Armies now thinking the King securely confident turned their designes upon the City which seeing they could not separate from the Parliament and because the late purge of the 11 Members had not awed them sufficiently though they had patiently enough put it up considering their insolence to the King on his demand of their Five Members the Country being lulled also by their pretences they by a Remonstrance demand the Militia of London to be put into other hands which insolent bravado inâ—â—â—gated this Petition to the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor c. of the City of London being stiled The humble Petition of the Citizens Commanders Souldiers and Officers in the Regiments of Trained-bands and Auxiliaries Apprentices Sea-Commanders Sea-men and Water-men of the same City That your Petitioners taking into serious consideration that their Religion his Majesties Honour and Safety the Priviledges of Parliament and Liberties of the Subject are at present greatly endangered and like to be destroyed and also sadly weighing with our selves what means might likely prove the most effectual to procure a firm and lasting Peace without a further effusion of Christian English-blood We are therefore entred into a solemn Engagement which is hereunto annexed and do humbly desire that this whole City may joyn together by all Lawful and possible means as one man in hearty endeavours for his Majesties present coming up to his two Houses of Parliament with Honour Safety and Freedom and that without the approach of the Army there to confirm such things as he hath granted in his Message of the 12th of May last which was his Answer to the Prâ—positions from Holdenby not inserted because insignificant to that unreasonableness of the Parliament being loth to weary the Reader with the Kings unwearied desirâ—s after Peace to no purpose in Answer to those Propositions of both Kingdoms And that by a personal Treaty with his two Houses of Parliament and the Commissioners of Scotland such things as are yet in difference may be speedily settled and a firm and lasting Peace established All which we desire may be presented to both Houses of Parliament from this Honourable Assembly The Solemn Engagement so was it called run thus Whereas we have entred into a Solemn League and Covenant for Reformation and Defence of Religion the Honour and Happiness of the King the Priviledges of Parliament c. All which we do evidently perceive not onely to be endangered but ready to be destroyed we do therefore in pursuance of our said Covenant Oath of Allegiance Oath of every Free-man and Protestations Solemnly engage our selves and Vow unto Almighty God that we will to the utmost of our power ardently endeavour that his Majesty may speedily come to his 〈◊〉 Houses of Parliament to the end here specified For effecting whereof we do protest and re-oblige our selves as in the presence of God the searcher of all hearts with our Lives and Fortunes to endeavour what in us lies to preserve and defend his Majesties Royal person and Authority the Priviledges c. and the Cities of London and Westminstâ—r and Lines of Communication and all other that shall adhere to us in the said Engagement Nor shall we by any means admit suffer or endure any kind of Neutrality in this common Cause of God the King and Kingdâ—m as we do expect the blessing of God whose help we crave and wholly devolve our selves upon in this our undertaking This was the honestest and most genuine aspect as to the fair pretences of the Covenant Presbyterâ— ever appeared in here being some realities of those many semblances that Party had made before and shewed that there was a sober misled number and that for the major part too who were onely Church-dissenters hurt onely in their opinions not festered or corrupted in their affections to the State the Kings Person and Government For they prosecuted this Confederacy so vigorously and with all manner of diligence openly averring the justice and equity of his Majesties offers listing and encouraging all men to a present undertaking of his quarrel of which more particularly by and by that the Indâ—pendents perceiving the sudden dangerous consequence thereof they prevailed upon the Houses in a Vote which they wire-drawed by arguments of the indignity and affront and breaches of Priviledge of Parliament by such illegal and Tumultuous Combinations and got it digested in a Declaration â—orbidding all subscriptions to the said Engagement See it here transcribed Saturday 14 Iuly 1647. The Lords and Commons having seen a printed Paper entituled A Petition to the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor c. and the names of divers Citizens c. together with a dangerous Engagement of the same persons by Oath and Vow concerning the Kings present coming to the Parliament upon terms far different from those which both Houses after mature deliberation have declared to be necessary for the good and safety of the Kingdom casting reflexions upon the proceedings both of the Parliament and Army and â—â—nding to embroil the Kingdom in a new War And the Lords and Commons taking notice of great endeavours used by divers ill-affected persons to get subscriptions thereunto whereby well-meaning people may be misled do therefore declare That whosoever after publication or notice hereof shall proceed with or promote or set his name to or give consent that his name be set to or any way joyn in the said Engagement shall be deemed and adjudged guilty of high Treason and shall forfeit Life and Estate as in cases of high Treason accustomed Mark how eagerly they fall upon men the very same persons credibly whom at first they had put upon the very same course to commence our Confusions that is now by their Authority high Treason which by their Lawless perswasions then was but the Liberty of the Subject the birth-right of English Free-men A good caution for the Vulgar and for such Democraticks also how they imbibe or how they instil such dangerous and leud suggestions not warranted by Law which every unhappy emergency or displeasing event may retort upon their own heads as was most apparent in the ensuing Tumults which
of those Tumultuaries before they could be quiet and were scarce returned to their seats before they had notice of the approach of the Army who in scorn of the Parliaments Commands of keeping at 30 miles distance were approached to 10 and had appointed a Rendezvouz on Hounsloe-heath This Alarm begot strange and different passions in the Citizens the wealthier sort began to flinch from those resolutions of adhering to their Engagement to save their bags nothing being more vogued among the people than that the City would be plundered as it was given out by some of the Grandees of the Army but the Militaâ—â—â—â—en and those of meaner fortunes seemed to take courage from the nearness of the danger offering to meet it and if the pusillanimity of the Court of Aldermen had not hindred Massey would have given the Army then quartering part of it on this side Braynford a salute or Camisado by that means to make Rupture wide and past the cure of a reconciliation Nevertheless the defensive part from their own concerns they undertook guarding the Works and Fortifications round the City quartering several reserves in whole Regiments in the fields more particularly those parts nearest the Army out of dread of another Wat Tyler or Iack Cade with his Rebel-rout a judgement this famous City hath been more subject to than any City in the World most of which have often suffered by their own intestine divisions but were in fine glad to seek Peace betrayed at their own doors by one Hardwick Colonel of the Southwark Regiment and who then guarded the Works on that side which were opened to Colonel Hewsin by their Commissioners Fouk Gibs and Estwick acceptable men to the Army for they durst not for fear of a dismission re infecta send others then attending the General at Hounsloe The King hears this and to avoid the Scandal of these Uproars which he in prudence did see primarily concern others though they would right or wrong be Loaded upon him emitted this Paper to clear himself from them THere having been many Rumours spread and Informations given which may have induced many to believe that We intend to make War against Our Parliament We profess before God and declare to all the World That We always have and do abhor all such designes and desire all our Nobility and Commoners who are here upon the place to declare whether they have not been witnesses of as frequent and earnest Declarations and Professions to this purpose whether they see any colour of prâ—parations and Counsels that might reasonably beget a belief of any such designe and whether they be not fully perswaded that We have no such intention but that all Our endeavours according to Our many Professions tend to the firm and constant Settlement of the true Protestant Religion the just Priviledges of Parliament the Liberty of the Subject the Law Peace and Prosperity of this Kingdom This even course of the Kings and constancy to himself so well known to the Army made them speak less to the Kings prejudice in the altercation about the priviledges of Parliament of which they now forsooth were the main assertors so that the King as he got nothing lost as little by this brangle between both Parties neither of them having whereon to fasten any cavil on the King in this matter who without medling with their differences further than his own private descants upon them awaited the Issue of Divine Providence The Army therefore the better to proceed and countenance their Rebellion His Majesty and Parliament being made a meer Cypher invite and engage the two Speakers and Fugitive Members to sit in consultation and pass Votes promiscuously with the Council of War in the nature of a Parliament and to Signe an Engagement dated the 4 of August to live and dye with Sir Thomas Fairfax and the Parliament and Army both under his Command affirming therein that generally throughout their sense agrees with the Declaration of Sir Thomas Fairfax and his Council of War which shewed the grounds of their present advance towards the City of London In this Declaration the Council of the Army took upon them also to be the Supream Judges of the Parliament discriminating whom of the two Houses they held for persons in whom the publike trust of the King remained and by whose advice they meant to govern themselves in managing the weighty affairs of the Kingdom They highly resent the late choice of a new Speaker by those Gentlemâ—n at Westminster and say that as things now stand there is no free nor legal Parliament sitting such being through the violence of the 26 of Iuly suspended That the Orders and Votes c. passed the 29 of Iuly last and all such as shall pass in this Assembly of Lords and Gentlemen at Westminster are void and null and ought not to be submitted unto This Remonstrance was the second to a Letter to the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen upbraiding them with the late Tumult as Enemies to the Peace of the Kingdom Treacherous to the Parliament and uitable to secure that or themselves and therefore demanding the City to be put into their hands to which purpose they were then on their way And to brave the City to a surrender their General sends out Warrants to raise the Trained-Bands of the near Counties to march with him against the City and both Houses although such Bands were not under pay of the Parliament and so not under any Command of the General by any Order or Ordinance But armed violence was not to be stopt with Lawyers niceties A Bumkin in a Leather-doublet must be a Red-coat by the same rule that Foxes have Horns This brought the City to the expected submission by which they obtained and thank you too these most dishonourable Conditions That they should yield to desert the Impeached Members call in their Declaration newly published relinquish their Militia deliver up all their Forts and Line of Communication to the Army together with the Tower of London which they had so clamorously and impudently extorted out of the Kings disposal and all the Magazines and Arms therein disband all their Forces and turn all the Reformadoes out of the Line withdraw ail their guards from the Parliament and receive such guards of Horse and Foot within the Line as the Army should appoint to guard them demolish their Works and suffer the whole Army to maâ—ch through their City all which were suddenly and dishonourably yielded to and insolently executed the Souldiers marching in Triumph with Bays in their Hats through all the principal streets of the City boasting of their civil march as a great courtesy when there was men enough if they had offered to Plunder to have â—aten them This envious disdainful Triumph being over the next work was to reseat the Fugitive Members whom the General himself brought to both Houses with a strong party the two Palaces filled with
be made for the freedom of such Elections 6. That the Parliament onely have Power to direct further as to Parliaments and for those two ends expressed before their Orders there to pass for Laws 7. That there be a Liberty for Entring Dissents in the House of Commons and no man further censurable for what he shall say in the House exclusion by c. from that Trust and that by the House it self 8. That the Iudicial Power in the Lords and Commons without further Appeal may be cleared The King not to be capable to forgive persons adjudged by them without their consent 9. That the Peers have no Iurisdiction against the Commons without the concurring Iudgment of the House of Commons as also may be vindicated from any other Iudgement c. than that of their equals 10. That Grand Iury-men be chosen by several parts or divisions of each County respectively not left to the discretion of any Vnder-Sheriff which Grand Iury-men at each Assize shall present the names of persons to be made Iustices of the Peace and at the Summer-Assizes the names of three out of which the King may prick one for Sheriff Secondly being another principle For the future security to Parliaments and the Militia in general in order thereunto That it be provided by Act of Parliament 1. That the power of the Militia by Land and Sea during the space of ten years shall be disposed by the Lords and Commons Assembled in Parliament or persons they shall nominate 2. That it shall not be exercised by the King nor any from him during the said space nor afterwards but by advice of the Parliament or Council of State or such Committees in the Interval 3. That the said Lords and Commons c. raise and dispose of Money for the Forces thought necessary and for payment of publike debts and uses of the Kingdom 4. That these ten years security may be the firmer It be provided That none that have been in hostility against the Parliament in the late War shall be capable of any Office or Trust for five years without consent of Parliament nor to sit as Members thereof till the second Biennial Parliament be past Thirdly For the ordering of the peace and safety of this Kingdom and Ireland 1. That there be Commissioners for the Admiralty an Admiral and Vice-Admiral now agree on with power to execute amply the said Offices and pay provided for the service 2. That there be a Lord-General for the Forces that are to be in pay 3. That there be Commissioners for the standing Militia in every County consisting of Trained Bands and Auxiliaries not in pay to discipline them 4. A Council of State to surperintend the powers given those Commissioners 5. That the said Council have the same power with the Kings Privy Council but not make War or Peace without consent of Parliament 6. That that Council consist of trusty and able persons to continue si bene se gesserint but not above seven years 7. That a sufficient Establishment be provided for the pay of the standing Forces the Establishment to continue till two months after the meeting of the first Biennial Parliament or Saint Tibs Eve Fourthly That an Act be passed for disposing the great Offices for ten years by the Lords and Commons in Parliament and by the Committees in the Intervals with submission to the approbation of the next Parliament and after that time they to name three and the King out of them to appoint one for the succession upon a vacancie Fifthly For disabling the Peers made by the King since the Great Seal was carried away May 21. 1642. to sit and Vote in Parliament Sixthly An Act to make void all the Acts Declarations c. against the Parliament and their Adherents and that the Ordinances for Indempnity be confirmed Seventhly An Act to make void all Grants passed under the said Seal since May 1642. and to confirm and make those valid that passed under the Great Seal made by Authority of Parliament Eighthly An Act for Confirmation of Treaties between England and Scotland and constituting Conservators of the Peace between them Ninthly That the Ordinance for taking away the Court of Wards and Liveries be confirmed by Act but the Kings Revenue made up another way and the Officers thereof to have reparation Tenthly An Act declaring void the Cessation of Ireland leaving that War to the prosecution of the Parliament Eleventhly An Act to take away all Coercive Power Authority and Iurisdiction of Bishops and other Ecclesiastical Officers whatsoever extending to civil Penalties upon any and to repeal all Laws whereby the Civil Magistracie hath been or is bound upon any Ecclesiastical Censure to proceed ex Oâ—â—icio unto any Civil Penalties against any persons so censured Mark here is not a word of abolishing Episcopacy or confirming the sale of their Lands in which they knew the Presbyterians were entangled but the King extreamly gratified who abominated Sacriledge and so was the likelier never to comply with the Parliament who made it one of their principal demands which Cromwel designed Twelfthly That there be a repeal of penal Acts or Clauses enjoyning the Common-Prayer and imposing Penalties for not coming to Church some provision to be made for discovering of Recusancie Thirteenthly That the taking of the Covenant be not inforced upon any c. but that all Ordinances enjoyning that be repealed Fourteenthly That the things before proposed being provided for his Majestie his Queen and Royal Issue may be restored to a condition of Safetie Honour and Freedom in this Nation without diminution to their personal Rights or further limitation to the exercise of their Power than according to the particulars aforegoing Fifteenthly For the matter of Compositions 1. That a less number out of the persons excepted in the two first qualifications not exceeding five for the English being nominated particularly by the Parliament besides the Irish Rebels may be reserved to the Iudgment of the Parliament c. And many more good morrows in favourable restrictions of the Parliament's severity to poor Cavaliers whom they reserved for their more ravenous jaws thinking by these wiles first to betray and then devour them and therefore now the Tyger is become a mediator to the Wolf to spare the innocent sheep that 's encompassed between them The rest of this batch was for particular redresses of the Law and abuses of the Lawyers concerning Imprisonments for Debts Regulating Assessements and remedies against the contentious Suits of Tythes for asserting the peoples right in Petitioning against Forrest-Lands and almost all particular grievances especially the Excise and Monopolies against Corporation-Oaths as grievous to tender Consciences being too long to enumerate The drift of all being to please all sorts of people one or other hitting the humour of every man but chiefly gratifying the Fanaticks and miserable Vulgar who were to be deluded and then used as a bridge to their own slavery
The conclusion of them was to tye the hands of the Militia of the Trained-Bands by regulating the Commissioners and Officers from their former Arbitrariness that so the Souldiers might be under no Command and unable to offend them To which was subjoyned a demand of their Arrears to the utmost penny and the publike Faith to be satisfied and relieved And then they have more particulars to offer if any body that knew their jugling should take them now at their word which they would rather eat their Swords than perform Signed by the appointment of his Excellency Sir Tho. Fairfax and the Council of War Ioh. Rushworth Secretary This Hodgpodg or Alchoran containing Jewish Turkish and some Christian sentences some of the Parliaments and some of their own and some of the Kings Condescentions too were far more tolerable than those Heathenish and Pagan Institutes of the Parliaments sent to the King in the name of Propositions which He having declined did hope to effect his and his Kingdoms Peace and restitution at easier terms from the Army and therefore was instant with Cromwel and other Grandees of the Army who were evermore at his Elbow to appoint Commissioners to Treat with him of those Proposals His Majesty not doubting but so to temper them as to come to a right understanding which if it should happen it would be the Glory and Honour of the Army that they had laid such a platform and expedient for the good quiet Peace and happiness of their King and Country But Cromwel began to turn a deaf ear to those Charms to â—alter in his Addresses to the King to be full of uncertainties and scruples and at last to tell his Majesty that He did not rightly understand them and so interpret their words otherwise than they were spoken and that they had forgotten they had promised him any such things He excused himself at another time for not performing of their Engagements from a reverence to the Parliament whom as yet they durst not so openly oppose as to take up his Quarrel And lastly as the main artifice he acquaints Him with the boldness and malice of the Agitators and Levellers who Conspired his Murthâ—r and that for the present he could not mitigate their violent and wicked Counsels but when the Discipline of the Army should be recovered he would make good what he had undertook to perform And so from time to time courted the King till the Plot which he might well forespeak was ready for execution of which by and by The King was kept at Hampton-Court in very great State as usually in times of Peace his Chaplains and Friends about him all people permitted to see him Liberty of Hunting with the Duke of Richmond and others of the Loyal Nobility allowed him together so that great was the concourse thither and most men that judged by the outside and fine appearance of things concluded all things would do well and that the Army would prove honest and Loyal Others contrarily thought that the Army had some designe in this pompous and open Treatment of the King who thereby imagining himself in his Regality and proper Orb would keep and maintain the greater distance from the bold approaches of the Parliament upon his Soveraignty as all men in prosperity are naturally more elated more jealous of affronts and less ductile than in an adverse condition These came nearest the Mark and yet the Kings constancy to himself not disputed nothing being able to make him recede from those his two great principles of Honour and Conscience which yet may admit of a magis and minus in the accidental and circumstantial defence of them sometimes more magnanimously and sometimes more warily This concourse to the King which shewed the love the people especially the Citizens of London bare him began to be no way pleasing to the Faction less to Cromwel and his party who feared a surprize of his person out of his hands to London and then his designes and wits were at an end He resolved therefore speedily to be rid of that fear and though he had deliberated whether it were more conducing to his purpose to assassinate the King there and invade the Government by a sudden and impetuous violence when all men should have been in a consternation at the atrocity of the Fact and would save all those tedious arts to be practised in a solemn way of Regicide yet more slower Counsels prevailed the image and fright of Death should serve turn at present To this purpose Colonel Whaley is ordered to tell the King that the Adjutators were grown to that height of violence as that they had combined to Murther Him and therefore as his duty was besides his particular affection for his Majesty he could not but acquaint him desiring him to consult for his own Safety it being also as he said the advice of the chief of the Army who were loath he should be Murdered while they helplesly looked on The designe of this parricide had purposely been muttered up and down the Court and so came to the ear of the Kings Friends by whom he was near the same time acquainted with it The King therefore called to him Sir Iohn Berkley and Mr. Iohn Ashburnham then attending him and advised with them concerning his Escape where between them they unfortunately and upon deceitful grounds concluded to fly to the Isle of Wight the Government whereof was newly confâ—rred upon Colonel Hammond Brother to that Reverend Doctor Henry Hamond the Kings beloved Chaplain whom the crafty Traytor did forecast the King in such a perplexity would chuse to trust from that Relation Horses being therefore laid ready on the other side of the Water the King leaves his Chamber November the 11. in a very dark and tempestuous night with his Cloak spread in the floor thereof and by the back-stayrs descends to the Vault and so ever the Thames to his Company who were the same of his Counsel and by Farnham after much tedious straying in the night out of the way in that bad weather came to the Sea-side neer Southampton where missing of a passage the Boat â—ailing the prefixed time he was conveyed to the Countess Dowager of Southampton at Tedworth where he lay that night while Sir Iohn Berkley and Colonel Ashburnham passed over to the Isle of Wight to the said Governour concerning the entertainment of him where we rest this relation and return to Hampton-Court About 9 a clock at night the King was missed but no doubt to the little wonder less trouble of his Guardians for the Centries had been on purpose drawn off to give him free passage and it had been discoursed in the Army some while before that He would ere long be in the Isle of Wight No more ado therefore was made of it but onely a Letter with a bare account of his flight sent to the Parliament and the watchful Guard remanded to the body of the
load upon the Parliament through their neglect of paying them when indeed the supernumeraries with which Cromwel daily recruited the Army without any Authority far beyond the pay or number established was the cause of the Arrears and this oppression of Free-quarter for upon complaints thereof made in the House the Army being quartered in several Brigades supernumeraries have been disbanded in one Brigade their Arms taken by their Officers and shortly after they have been listed again in another Brigade and their Arms sold again to the State after a while to new arm them By which means Cromwel had amassed a Magazine of such which being lodged in the City and rumoured by some zealots to be for arming some Reformadoes were now upon examination found to belong unto Him and so the business was husht up which if they could have fastned upon the other Party should have been noised for horrid Treason By this grievance of Free-quarter they were doubly and trebly payed taking it in one place and Composition for it in another perhaps in three or four places at once by false Billets yet nevertheless though by these tricks they owed money to the State they demanded and compelled an Ordinance from the Parliament to secure their Arrears of the 24 of December whereby they had the two thirds of Delinquents Estates mentioned or comprehended in the three first qualifications of them in the Propositions sent to the King at the Isle of Wight and all the money arising out of the remaining part of Bishops Lands appointed to be sold by former Ordinances and the sum of 600000 l. charged on the receipt of EXCISE with the Forrest-Lands and other incomes for the securing of the said Arrears to be issued out to the Treasurers at War to such and such persons for the uses aforesaid in such manner as the Committee of Lords and Commons for the Army or any five of them under their hands would limit and appoint which was by way of Audit and Debentures sold not long after upon doublings on purchases of the Crown and other forfeited Lands for Half a Crown in the pound besides innumerable cheats by counterfeit hands but more to the talk than trouble of the Kingdom whose general Note was Caveat Emptor Wonderful it is since we have now mentioned that Dutch Devil as it was called the Excise what vast sums of money the Parliament had raised by it amounting as by their Ordinance of the 28 of August this year appears to that time from its Commencement some three years before to One million three hundred thirty four thousand five hundred thirty two pounds ten shillings and eleven pence half peny clear and deducted of all charges in the levying of it which defalked not above two shillings in the pound No wonder therefore they did so carefully enjoy and uphold this Tax which had supported and enabled them in all their atchievements and upon this score they made it over to the Souldiers several Uproars and Tumults happening in the refusal of payment particularly at Smithfield-bars London where the Butchers who then paid Excise for the Flesh sold at two shillings in the pound rose and fired the Excise-house neer adjoyning with all the Papers of Books of Account for which several of them were tryed but acquitted thereafter that Duty upon Cattle as likewise upon all Salt made in the Kingdom was wholly laid aside But a most severe injunction was now made for the continuance of the rest and the refractory threatned with exemplary punishments So that while Cromwel could finde Men and Arms at such a rate and the Parliament such heaps of Money by several Revenues it was in vain to think of a Peace when such visible powerful advantages subserved to those wicked designes of inthralling King Parliament City and Kingdom now mainly prosecuted by the Adjutators but so lendly and unseasonably that Cromwel to palliate his secret impiety abandoned one of the Ringleaders one White to his Execution at Ware by a Sentence of a Council of War for mutinous speeches and Papers of the Levelling principle but suspected also to aim at himself among the Common Souldiers Neer the same time one Tompson of the same Crue was seized on in the Lobby of the House of Commons supposed to be ready with some Impeachment or Articles against him and condemned in the same manner by a Council of War They cryed out of the King as useless and had got a Stork of their own making ten times more dangerous who durst crush them to Ruine in the very rise of his Ambition These misdoings and no Government highly displeased and incensed the people who too late Sero sapiunt Phryges saw how they had fool'd themselves into slavery the resentments whereof became so publike and so fearlesly Voyced that the Parliament was constrained to humour it and to personate a serious study to an Accommodation Hereupon the same 24 day of December on which they had Voted Security for the Armies Arrears an ill Omen of what Kindness they had for the King whom they would not bate an ace of their demands their Commissioners present to the King at Carisbrook-Castle four Bills to be Passed as Acts of Parliament with divers other Proposals such or worse than those at Hampton-Court before any Treaty might be admitted The first was an Act with this Title Concerning the raising setling and maintaining Forces by Sea and by Land within the Kingdoms of England and Ireland and Dominion of Wales the Isles of Gernsey and Jersey and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed whereby it was to be Declared That the Lords and Commons then Assembled in Parliament or whom they should appoint that was a Council of State of Pickt Grandees should for twenty years have the Militia in their disposal against the King His Heirs and Successors for that term and after that term the same Power to be exercised by the King but with the consent of the Parliament if they shall declare the safety of the Kingdom to be concerned and the Moneys raised for that purpose to be imployed by the same persons in the like manner Which was in effect to take away the Kings Negative Voyce from him and His Heirs for ever Besides it grants an unlimited Power to the two Houses to raise what Forces and of what persons they please and to raise money in what sort and as much and of whom as they shall think fit without any restriction or exception The second was An Act for Iustifying the Proceedings of Parliament in the late War and for Declaring all Oaths Declarations Proclamations and other proceedings against it to be Void whereby they were to bâ— declared to have stood upon the Defensive part their Conscience prickt them with their Blood-guiltiness and they would fain throw it off and by adding more Guilt to it load it upon the Innocent a wicked shift and be Indempnified still they are tormented for all their past
Cromwel and his Complices and out of commiseration to those Noble persons that suffered this persecution who though perhaps the Commonwealth may recover this loss by timely recruits of Literature do no doubt irremediably rue this their violent Revulsion out of that Bosome where they might and ought to have been cherished to a competent vigour enabling them to serve the Commonwealth and their own thus enforced necessities Sed quo vehor By these and the like distempers and pains in every part of it England began now to be Heart-sick and those ambulatory running Humours which spread through the whole mass of the people to Center at last in the Metropolis the City of London which had more successfully broke out but for the opposition it met with from the then Lord Mayor Alderman Warner Pennington's own second a Factious and Seditious person who discountenanced it by the Authority of his place appearing at the first hubbub thereof openly against it The manner was as followeth On the 9 of April being the Lords-day a number of Apprentices as was usual were playing in Moor-fields in the afternoon for the Parliament had abrogated all Hâ—lydays and by a venerable Order had appointed one day in every Month for their Recreation in lieu of those Festivals after much coil and many elaborate Petitions and reference to and reports from Committees of both Houses concerning them which being told to a Company of Trained-Bands then upon the Guards whose Officers were some precise Schismaticks they came into the Fields and commanded them to depart which they refusing or delaying they fired some Pieces at them whereupon the Boys incensed took up Stones and couragiously fell upon them and routed them taking from them their Ensign which in a tumultuous and childish bravery they marched with into the City and being increased with additions like themselves affronted the Mayor and made him hastily retire to his own House for Sanctuary whither they followed him and seized on one of the Drakes he had planted for his defence and thence marched to the several Gates which they likewise secured more especially Ludgate which lay neerest their Enemy the Army who were then quartered at White-Hall and the Mews they guarded with the same Drake The City remaining the rest of that day and night in great terrour and confusion the Rabblé crying out for God and King Charles but no Person of Quality undertaking their Conduct or to bring them into Order and Discipline In the mean while the Army-Guards take the Alarm and conceiving it dangerous to venture into the City by night kept themselves in a readiness for the morning when Sir Thomas Fairfax himself entred by Aldersgate with Horse and Foot who fell a scouring the Streets and driving this unarmed and ungoverned Multitude before them wounding and killing divers innocent persons Men Women and Children in a cruel and hostile manner until they came to Leaden-hall where the Apprentices entred and endeavoured to maintain it But the avenues thereof being found defenceless and themselves not strong enough besides want of necessaries requisite thereunto they wisely and more prudently than any thing they did before slipt away and shifted for themselves few or none falling into the Armies hand but some upon enquiry afterward in the beginning of the Commonwealth were discovered and arrained of High Treason for levying War c. Two of whom a Vintner and a Meal-man Kensey and Matthews were convicted and condemned but by the mediation of Alderman Tichborn one of the best deeds likewise he ever did were reprieved and by the same means at last pardoned and assumed by him for a demonstration of his goodness to be the guard to his person on publike Trayning days This Insurrection or Riot rather was quickly noised to the uttermost parts of the Nation where it was reported and received with great advantage as we usually fancy and credit what we expect to the encouraging of all honest people to rise now and follow this example and redeem and rescue their Religion Laws Lives and Liberties now at stake for neither the several nor united practices of Parliament and Army Presbyterian nor Independents could impose upon them any longer Nor was there an easie belief given to this check of that Tumult but was supposed an Artifice and one of their old Lies with which they stuffed their News-Books since the whole Nation saw how they had irritated the City by their insolent carriage towards them in changing their Militia c. so that it was undoubtable they would embrace and improve the first opportunity Whereupon as the next Scene of this years Tragedy Colonel Laughorn Poyer and Powel who had done notable service for the Parliament in Wales rose in Pembroke-shire and Flint-shire to neer the number of 8000 men They had been by the Council of the Army which was Authorized always by the Parliament ordered to disband as being men of better and surer principles than they durst confide in in order to their subsequent designs which they understanding the drift of refused and flew to their Arms and for the strengthening of their Party Declare for the settlement of the King and Kingdom and gave notice to the Prince who then issued out Commissions as General for his Father of their intentions and present posture having secured â—enby-Castle and the Town and Castle of Pembroke to the same end This sudden and threatning defection put the Juncto at Derby-house to their dumps when another Express brought news that the like effects were to be looked for from North-Wales where Sir Iohn Owen was risen with a Force and had defâ—ated and taken Prisoner the High-Sheriff that opposed him and that Sir Nicholas Kemish an eminent Cavalier had likewise surprized Chepstow-Castle so thaâ— all Wales was like to be lost without a blow strucken from the late Conquerors who therefore hastened away Forces to re-establish their Dominion and suppress these dangerous beginnings Over these Colonel Horton was now Commissioned for the reducing those new and old Royalists Cromwel being if occasion should require preparing to second him Horton with the Stafford and Worcester-Forces and part of the Army quartering thereabouts advanceth against Laughorne his whole power consisting of not above 3000 men with whom making more hast than good speed a party thereof being under the Command of Colonel Fleming fell unawares into an Ambuscado and were most of them cut off the rest sheltring themselves in a neighbouring Church were forced to render at discretion which Fleming seeing and despairing that he should be able to answer this oversight at a Council of War or for some other cause laid violent hands upon himself and so dyed Horton no way daunted with this inauspicious entrance marched up and faced the Enemy who shewed themselves upon the hills and places of advantage making their Hubbubs to call the Country to their assistance In their descent whence into more even ground the Parliamentarians
Propositions would they have been satisfactory did not at present sute the high and imperious humour of the Parliament yet by the good temperament and respectful behaviour of the major part of the Commissioners such a mutual confidence was wrought that the King won with their dutiful perswasion did in most of those things besides Religion and Church-lands comply with their demands and then the Parliament upon debate of the whole Treaty Voted his Concessions a ground to settle the Kingdom of which presently But a little before the conclusion of the Treaty which hapned on the 27th of Nov. the Army Cromwel being now come out of Scotland had after a long Consultation how to break it off hammered out a villanous Remonstrance on the 16th of that Month at St. Albans and on the 28th presented it to the House of Commons by Col. Ewers related to the Lord Ewers and seven Officers more the Treasonable and Execrable Heads thereof setting aside that Principle That the Magistery of the People is Supreme were as followeth First That the Capital and Grand Author of our Troubles viz. the Person of the King by whose procurement and for whose Interest of Will and Power all our Wars have been may be brought to Iustice for the Treason Blood and Mischief he is therein guilty of Secondly That a Timely Day may be set for the Prince of Wales and the Duke of York to come in by which time if they do not that then they may immediately be declared incapable of any Trust or Government in this Kingdom or its Dominions and thence to stand exiled for ever as Enemies or Traytors to die without mercy if ever after found or taken therein c. If by the time limited they do render themselves that then the Prince be proceeded with as on appearance he shall give satisfaction or not and then the Duke as he shall give satisfaction may be considered as to future Trust or not But however that the Revenue of the Crown saving necessary allowances for the Children and for Servants and Creditors to the Crown be Sequestred and the costly pomp suspended for a good number of years and that this Revenue be for that time disposed toward Publike Charges Debts and Damages for the easing of the people so as the Estates neither of Friends to publique Interest nor alone of inferior Enemies thereunto may bear the whole burthen of that loss and charge which by and for that Family the Kingdom hath been put unto Thirdly That Capital punishment be speedily Executed upon a competent number of his Chief Instruments also both in former and later Wars and that some of both sorts be pitcht upon as are really in your hands or reach Fourthly That the rest of the Delinquents English may upon rendring themselves to Iustice have mercy for their lives and that only Fines be set upon them and their persons declared incapable of any Publique Trust or having any voice in Elections thereto at least for a good number of years And that a short day may be set by which all such Delinquents may come in and for those who come not in by that day that their Estates be absolutely Confiscated and sold to the Publike use and their Persons stand Exiled as Traytors and to die without mercy if ever after found in the Kingdom or its Dominions Fifthly That the satisfaction of Arrears to the Souldiery with other publike Debts and competent reparations of publique Damages may be put into some orderly way And that therefore the Fines and Compositions of Delinquents be disposed to those uses only as also the Confiscations of such who shall be excluded from Pardon or not come in by the day assigned Now after Publique Iustice thus provided for we proceed in order to the general satisfaction and Settlement of the Kingdom First That you would set some reasonable and certain period to your own Power Secondly That with a period to this Parliament that there may be a Settlement of the Peace and future Government of the Kingdom And in order thereto First That there may be a certain Succession of future Parliaments Annual or Biennial with secure provision 1. For the certainty of their Sitting Meeting and Ending 2. For equal Elections 3. For the Peoples meeting to Elect Provided that none engaged in War against the Kingdom may Elect or be Elected nor any other who oppose this Settlement 4. For clearing the power of Parliaments as Supreme only they may not give away any Foundation of Common Right 5. For liberty of Entring Dissents in the said Representatives that the people may know who are fit for future Trusts but without any penalty for their free Iudgments Thirdly That no King be hereafter admitted but upon Election of and as upon Trust from the people by such their Representatives nor without first disclaiming all pretence to a Negative Voice against the Determinations of the Commons in Parliament and this to be done in some Form more clear than heretofore in the Coronation-Oath These Matters of General Settlement we propound to be provided by the Authority of the Commons in this Parliament and to be further Established by a general Contract or Agreement of the people with their Subscriptions thereunto And that no King be admitted to the Crown nor other person to any Office of publique Trust without express Accord and Subscription to the same This was the Basis Method and Model of Cromwels Tyranny and though he had changed his pretences according to the exigences of time and occasions yet he was fixed here as having learnt from Matchiavel that there is no readier way to an Usurpation than by destroying the Fundamental Laws and Essentials of Government and proposing pleasing Innovations to the Vulgar This he drove at in his possessed Servants the Levellers whom he put on to divulge this new secret of Empire but they thundering of it out and to try its acceptance as the rain in unseasonable weather he was content to abandon them to a shower of Bullets influenced on one of his prime Boâ—tefeus by the Command of the Parliament to the General as beforesaid in 1647 at Ware For observe the trace of his Policie after this Critical Juncture when he had superated all difficulties and removed all obstacles and you shall see how sequaciously he copied these Articles of Agreement as they were called of the people First Destroy the King as a Tyrant then exclude the Royal Progeny then disable its potent Friends and ingratiate with the mean Next Gratifie and engage the Souldiers with promise of Arrears and Establishment Then the next subsequent great work is the dissolution of the Parliament then a Chimaera of Government such as Barebones Convention And lastly A pretended Elective Tyranny under the Style of Protector which his impiety afforded him not only to subscribe but to swear to The ill news of this pestilent Paper flew amain
Petitioned against it but in vain the Sectaries had packt a new Common-council by Authority from the Juncto who constituted aâ—y 40 of them a Court and supreme to the Mayor whose first work was the framing a Petition for Justice against the King and other Capital Offenders which was afterwards delivered by Titchburn and had the thanks of the Mock-Parliament for their pains who now entred a Protestation against that satisfactory Vote of the 5th of December aforesaid and pursue the Dictates and Directions of the Army A little while before this Colonel Rainsborough was slain at Doncaster by a party of Royalists that â—allied out of Pomfract then besieged by Sir Edward Rhodes and the County-Forces as he was in his Inn and his Souldiers about him under a pretence of delivering him a Letter from Crowel They would have only taken him prisoner and carried him through his own Leaguer into their Castle but he refusing they pistoled him in his Chamber and departed untoucht A strange yet brave Adventure Scarbrough-Castle now likewise yielded to the Parliament whom we will leave and see the Armies like violence and outrages upon the King Colonel Ewres was appointed by the Parliament to this Service who assisted by Colonel Cobbet on the first of Decemb. according to Command received from Hammond the person of the King and hurried him out of that Isle away prisoner to Hurst-Castle within the term of those 20 days after the Treaty in which he was to remain according to the Houses Declaration in Honour Safety and Freedom This Castle stands a mile and a half in the Sea upon a Breach full of mud and stinking oaze upon low Tides having no fresh water within two or three miles of it so cold foggy and noysome that the Guards cannot endure it without shifting Quarters Here they frayed the King a while till Harrison was on his way to receive him who brought him to Winchester where the Mayor and Inhabitants caused the Bells to ring and at the Towns-end as was due and usual in the middle of the mire presented his Majesty with the Keys of the City and the Mace but in the very Ceremony were tumbled in the same mire by the Horse at the Command of Harrison The next day the King came to Farnham and so to Windsor where he kept his sorrowful and last Christmass being pent up in a corner of the Castle no man besides his Guards to come to him and all respect and reverence to his Person forborn while by Order of the Juncto he was sent for up to his Palace of St. Iames's Harrison impudently riding covered in the same Coach with him and his Myrmidons wounding any that shewed their Loyal Compassion and lamented this miserable condition of their beloved Sovereign In which we must leave him and return to our Grandees These offals of a Parliament having by an Ordinance taken away the Oaths of Supremacie and Allegeance usually administred to Freemen c. thereby to free themselves from those ties of Duty upon them and to make way for their ensuing Trayterous designe in order whereunto the Council of War had forbid any Ceremony or State to be used to the King and his Attendants lessened now proceeded roundly to their Army Journey-work for on the 28 of December Thomas Scot brought in the Ordinance for Trial of the King it was read and recommitted three several times and the Commissioners names of all sorts to engage the whole Body of the Kingdom in this Treason inserted and to give it a Foundation these Votes passed That the Lords and Commons Assembled in Parliament dâ— Declare and Adjudge that by the Fundamental Laws of the Realm it is Treason in the King of England for the time to come to Levy War against the Parliament and Kingdom of England With this Declaratory Vote the said Ordinance was carried up to the Lords by the Lord Gray of Grooby Ianuary 2. 1648. The Lords being 16 in number met that day and received it promising to send an Answer by Messengers of their own The first Question started by some Lords who had rather had a thinner House was Whether it should be presently debated which was affirmed The first Debate was upon the Declaratory Vote to which the Earl of Manchester said That the Parliament of England by the Fundamental Laws consisted of three Estates King Lords and Commons whereof the King is the first and chiefest He Calls and Dissolves Parliaments and without him there can be no Parliament and therefore it 's absurd to say the King can be a Traytor against the Parliament Then the Earl of Northumberland added That the greatest part at least twenty to one of the people of England were not yet satisfied whether the King Levied War first against the Houses or the Houses against him And if the King did Levy War first against the Houses there is no Law to make it Treason in him And for them to declare Treason by an Ordinance when the matter of Fact is not proved nor any Law extant to judge it by is very unreasonable The Earls of Pembroke and Denbigh said they would be torn in pieces before they would assent with the Commons so the Lords cast off the Debate and cast out the Ordinance and adjourned for seven days This netled the Commons who thereupon resolved to rid their hands of King Lords and their Fellow-Commons together by a leading Vote That all Members of Committees should proceed and act in any Ordinance wherein the Lords were joyned though the Peers should not Sit nor concur with them And added thereunto three other Democratical Resolves Ian. 4. 1648. 1. That the People are under God the Original of all just Power 2. That the Commons of England in Parliament Assembled chosen by and Representing the People have the Supreme Power of the Nation 3. That whatsoever is enacted or declared for Law by the House of Commons Assembled in Parliament hath the force of Law Which passed without one Negative Voice which shewed at whose beck they were And thus first they hatcht this Monster called An Act for the Trial of the King c. which is here transcribed transferring the names of the Commissioners to their ensuing Character An Act of Parliament of the House of Commons for Trial of Charles Stuart King of England WHereas it is notorious that Charles Stuart the now King of England not content with the many Encroachments which his Predecessors had made upon the People in their Rights and Freedom hath had a wicked designe to subvert the Antient and Fundamental Laws and Liberties of this Nation and in their place to introduce an Arbitrary and Tyrannical Government and that besides all other evil ways to bring his designe to pass he hath prosecuted it with Fire and Sword levied and maintained a Civil War in the Land against the Parliament and Kingdom whereby this Country hath been miserably
drain the Fountain of his Masters life and Honour * Sir Iohn Bourchier another Yorkshire Knight an Independent Mercenary who from the Crisis of their prevalencie workt for them and that he might not be out of the way when occasion should serve them diligently dined at Hell and to compleat his work consented to this Murther * Col. Purefoy a Warwickshire Gentleman and Governour once of Coventry a great Zealot against Crosses and no less against Crowns He imbrued his hands in the Blood of his Prince but could not tell for the ease of his Conscience upon his death-bed how he should wipe them * Iohn Blakestone formerly a Shop-keeper in Newcastle where pretending himself a Presbyterian while the Scots were there he was chosen Burgess for that Town and jugling a while among the Independent Faction learnt a worse Trade and the wicked Craft of King-killing * Sir William Constable a Yorkshire-man one who sold his Lands to Sir Marmaduke after Lord Langdale in the beginning of our Troubles but when the said Lord was made a Delinquent regained them for nothing was a great Rumper and at their hand for this Parricide he died Governour of Gloucester and a great Commander in the North. * Richard Dean Colonel and General at Sea where he was slain by a Cannon-shot standing by the Renowned General Monk his Colleague This person was formerly a Hoymans servant in Ipswich and when the War began was a Matross in the Train of Artillery and role to a Captains Command therein and was famous first at the Siege of Exeter being a cross Fellow was thought fit to be one of Cromwels Complices to execute his Plots against his Sovereigns life * Francis Allen once a Gold-smith in Fleet-street where he leapt into a pretty Estate by marrying his Mistress was chose a Recruit of the Long Parliament and adhered to the Juncto for their admission of him was made one of the Treasurers at War a Customer and had Crone-house given him and held it in Capite Regis after that Murther was made one of the Committees for sale of his Majesties Lands c. * Peregrine Pelham a Yorkshire Tike not of the Sussex-Family a kind of Governour of Hull after Hotham the dutiful carriage of which place taught him afterwards this Trayterous deportment in the High Court of Justice * Iohn Moor formerly Colonel of the Guards and had the benefit of all Passes from London * Iohn Allured a Souldier of Fortune promoted for his hand in this Villany to be a Colonel died just before his Majesties Restitution * Humphry Edwards a Member of the Long-Parliament discontented against the King for being denied by him a Preferment he deserved not which rankled and feâ—red him into this malicious Parricide * Sir Gregory Norton a poor Knight one of the Pensioners to the King had Richmond-Mannor and House as good as given him for this Service against his good Master and Sovereign * Iohn Ven a broken Silk-man in Cheap-side made Governour of Windsor-Castle in the beginning of the War and had other profits and emoluments It is credibly reported that he hanged himself certain it is he died strangely and suddenly * Thomas Andrews a Linnen-draper in London afterwards a Treasurer for the Guild-hall Plate and Receiver for the Army he afterwards proclaimed the Act against Kingly Government and very narrowly prevented Justice * Anthony Stapely a Sussex Gentleman and Colonel and Governour of Chichester strangely wrought into this wicked Conspiracie * Thomas Horton a Recruit to the Long-Parliament of so mean and unknown a Quality before St. Fagons-Fight that that 's all the Character can be given him here * Iohn Fry another Recruit to the Long-Parliament a Yeoman and Committee-man of Dorsetshire he proved an Arrian in Print which Colonel Downs charged him with and so no wonder he that dar'd deny the Divinity of Christ was so cruelly Traiterous to the Majesty of his Prince * Thomas Hammond Son to Prince Henry's Physitian who most ungratefully and disloyally was the Kings Jaylor and verified that sad Presage and Oracle of the King That there are but few steps between the Prisons and Graves of Princes to the great trouble of his most Loyal and Learned Brother Dr. Henry Hammond the Kings beloved Chaplain * Isaack Pennington Lord Mayor of London two years together against the Kings express Command from Oxford a most implacable Rebel yet for all the spoil he got broke twice and hop'd to make good all by the death of his Sovereign since his Imprisonment he died in the Tower * Simon Meyne a Buckingham-shire-man of a good Estate but an illegal Recruit of the Long-Parliament a great Committee-man and Sequestrator of other mens Estates and being so initiated thought it no great matter to assist in this business of the Kings life since his Imprisonment he died in the Tower These of the Kings Iudges marked with ¶ are such as are in Prison in the Tower of London and elsewhere and are under Sentence of Death to be Executed at the pleasure of the King and Parliament ¶ Sir Hardress Waller a Souldier of Fortune once a Cavalier in Judgment then a Presbyterian upon the new Model an Independent where finding the uncontroulable sweetness of Pay and likeliness of greater Spoils he was hardned into this Conspiracie against the King and mastered his hopes of Wealth in Ireland being Major-General he was a prisoner in the Tower of London and confessed and deprecated his crime ¶ William Heveningham Esquire a Gentleman of the fairest Estate and as Gentile and Ancient a Family as any in Suffolk To keep ill Company is the way to be wicked Other causes and inducements to this horrid action are not publique and I will not dive further ¶ Col. Henry Marten Son of Sir Henry Marten Judge of the Perrogative-Court a most lewd vicious and infamous person who first spoke Treason against the King and his Family in the House of Commons and was in complement committed and suspended There was no question but he would act what he spoke when the power thereof was in his fellow-Traytors hands ¶ Owen Row a Silk-man of London a constant Commander in the Independent Militia thereof and so trained up to the perpetration of this wickedness ¶ Augustine Garland a Recruit of the long-Long-Parliament for the Borough of Quinborough in Kent in 1647. Chair-man of the Committee that drew up the pretended Act for the Kings Trial as rare a Blade as the worst of them at the spoil of the Kingdom a Lawyer and suspected to have spit in the Kings Face at his Trial. ¶ Henry Smith a Lawyer but a mean one of a fair Estate in Leicestershire 40 which was added as the hire of this villany a Six Clerks place in Cancery supposed to be drawn in and complicated in this Guilt ¶ Robert Titchbourn a Linnen-draper
of good City-Extraction a Colonel made by Fairfax Lieutenant of the Tower for a while Lord Mayor of London and one of the infamous Triers of his Sovereign the meritorious service oâ— all his preferments and greatness ¶ Col. George Fleetwood of Buckingham-shire Kinsman to Sir Miles Master of the Kings Court of Wards and Brother to Sir William a very Loyal and honest Gentleman and to Charles Fleetwood a very Knave and Fool. ¶ Iames Temple of Sussex Colonel came in to this pack for his share of the spoil a man remarkable for nothing but this horrid business ¶ Thomas Wait a Râ—tlâ—ndshire-man a Recruit to the Parliament chosen by the Armes influence and from a mean person made by them Governour of Burleigh by which means he became engaged to their Interests and Designes ¶ Peter Temple formerly a Linnen-drapers apprentice in Friday-street but his elder Brother dying forsook his Trade and was possest of some 400 pounds a year in Leicestershire was as a Recruit chosen Burgess for that County-town as Colleague to Sir Arthur Haslerig made a Captain of Horse and a great Committee-man but of very weak parts and easie to be led where the hopes and promises of profit guided him yet got nothing though a constant Rumper being fooled by Oliver into the snare as he hath often confessed it ¶ Robert Lilburn of the Bishoprick of Durham Brother of Iohn Lilburn the Trouble-world sided formerly with Cromwel and was through-paced to his Interests though another Brother repented and would have kept Tinmouth-castle for the King when Iohn fell off upon a Model of his own A Colonel of Horse he was made a while before this Regicide and so ran fearlesly into the danger of it ¶ Gilbert Millington a Lawyer and constant Chair-man of the Committee for plundered Ministers the sweets of which Imployment set his Teeth on edge and sharpned him to this cruel attempt upon his Sovereigns life ¶ Vincent Potter a Recruit of the said Long-Parliament a Mushroom-Member so suddenly sprung up and from such ignoâ—e Relations that the only knowledge of him came by this infamous Murder ¶ Iohn Downes formerly a Citizen then a Colonel in the Army and a Recruit to the Parliament and by menaces and threats engaged in this fatal business he would have opposed the violence that carried it but was over-born himself his Allegeance and Conscience being over-awed by Cromwel These of the Kings Iudges marked with ‖ are those that fled the Kingdome upon His Majesties Return ‑ Thomas Wogan a recruit likewise to the Parliament had his lesson set him upon his procured Election that he was to endeavour the Ruine of the Kingdom for his share in it and to destroy the King to become himself one of our Princes in the Anarchy ‑ Iohn Lisle a Gentleman and a Lawyer bred was born of a good Family who had a fair Patrimony in the Isle of Wight whose Father dyed there during the Treaty a severe and supercilious person clouded always with pretences of Religion and Common-wealth Interest The very picture of a male-content and by his countenance the counterfeit of Guy Fauks his Dark-lanthorn directed to this conspiracy For his service done herein he was made one of the Commissioners of the new Great Seal Master of Saint Crosses a place onely fit for a Divine worth 800 per annum in place of a reverend Doctor for which preferments he became obliged to the Blood-sucking State to assume the Scarlet Robes and the as deep dyed guilt of Iohn Bradshaw and be President to all the High Courts of Justice during the Usurpation the last effects of his sanguinous violence being the death of Sir Henry Slingsby Doctor Hewit and others of lesser quality He fled upon the return of the King and not long after fell himself by the hand of Violence ‑ William Say Esquire a Member also of the Long Robe and a well-practised but ill counselled Lawyer who for the Fee of this wicked combination had Liberty to get what he could being foysted in as one of the illegal recruits of the Long-Parliament He sate in the Chair of the Scorner when Lenthall the Speaker was sick of the sullens for ten days upon the approach of General Monke and gave himself the Thanks of the House while three Kingdoms gave him their Curses He is relatively good by a Brother now living Fellow of Oriel-Colledge in Oxford for whose sake I will speak no more of him till Justice finde him for he is fled ‑ Col. Valentine Walton whose first remarque was the marriage of Cromwel's Sister by whose awe and command he was made by the Parliament Governour of Lyn and Bashaw of the Isle of Ely which place he had fortified if before Cromwel could have compleated his designe he had been forced thither He hath escaped hitherto but remains in the list of the Fugitives of that tribe ‑ Col. Edward Whalley once a Wollen-draper descended from a Family in Nottingham-shire but decaying left the Ell and took up the Spear and from our first Troubles continued in them till he rose to be Commissary-General of the Horse These advantages taught him first to betray the King at Hampton-Court under pretence of affection when he made him fly to the Isle of Wight and to murder him afterwards without any scruple He is fled also ‑ Edmund Ludlow whose Father was a Traytor before him and uttered Treasonable words against the King in the House of Commons in 1643. which were afterwards accomplished by his Son in this unparallell'd Fact who by several gradations in the Parliament and Army came to be a Lieutenant-General and one of the chief Commissioners for Ireland ‑ Sir Michael Livesey a person of an undone reputation and Estate in Kent whose Plunder-Master-General he was in the progress of the War a fit person for the employment Dignum patella operculum ‑ Iohn Hewson a broken Shoo-maker or Cobler who by degrees rose to be a Colonel a Fellow fit for any mischief and capable of nothing else as his story will declare and therefore no wonder that he was a partaker in this impiety He is since dead in Exile and was buried by report at Amsterdam ‑ William Goffe a Salters Apprentice run from his Master into the Army and by his boldness was notified to the Grandees thereof who liking of his humour preferred him and served themselves with his company in this flagitious crime ‑ Cornelius Holland a Servant to Sir Henry Vane and preferred by him to the Green-cloth in the Kings Houshould His Father was a poor man and dyed a Prisoner in the Fleet but this Fellow got a vast Estate by his disloyalty against a good Master whom he not onely robbed but murthered ‑ Thomas Challoner a great Republican and Enemy to the King his Family and Government since he knew what it was the great Speech-maker against him
being delivered to the Clerk of the Court the President ordered it should be read but the King bid him hold Nevertheless being commanded by the President to read it the Clerk begun The Charge being read which for its falshood and Treasonable impudence is purposely omitted as imputing to the King the Blood spilt by his presence in several Fights The President replyed Sir you have heard your Charge read c. The Court expects your Answer King I would know by what power I am called hither I was not long ago in the Isle of Wight how I came there is a longer story than I think is fit at this time for me to speak of but there I entred into a Treaty with both Houses of Parliament with as much publike faith as 't is possible to be had of any people in the World I Treated there with a number of Honourable Lords and Gentlemen and Treated honestly and uprightly I cannot say but they did very nobly with me we were upon a concluâ—ion of the Treaty Now I would know by what Authority I mean lawful there are many unlawful Authorities in the world Theeves and Robbers by the high ways but I would know by what Authority I was brought from thence and carried from place to place and I know not what and when I know by what lawful Authority I shall answer Remember I am your King and what sins you bring upon this Land Think well upon it I say think well upon it before you go further from one sin to a greater therefore let me know by what lawful Authority I am seated here and I shall not be unwilling to Answer in the mean time I shall not betray my Trust. I have a Trust committed to me by God by old and lawful descent I will not betray it to Answer to a new and unlawful Authority therefore resolve me that and you shall hear more of me President If you had been pleased to have observed what was hinted to you by the Court at your first coming hither you would have known by what Authority which Authority requires you in the name of the people of England of which you are Elected King to answer them King No Sir I deny that President If you acknowledg not the Authority of the Court they must proceed King I do tell them so England was never an Elective Kingdom but an Hereditary Kingdom for neer these thousand years therefore let me know by what Authority I am called hither I do stand more for the Liberty of my people than any here that come to be my pretended Judges and therefore let me know by what lawful Authority I am seated here and I will Answer it otherwise I will not Answer it President Sir how really you have managed your Trust is known your way of Answer is to interrogate the Court which beseems not you in this condition You have been told of it twice or thrice King Here is a Gentleman Lieutenant-Colonel Cobbet ask him if he did not bring me from the Isle of Wight by force I do not come here as submitting to the Court I will stand as much for the priviledge of the House of Commons rightly understood as any man here whatsoever I see no House of Lords here that may constitute a Parliament and the King too should have been Is this the bringing of the King to his Parliament Is this the bringing an end to the Treaty in the Publike faith of the world Let me see a legal Authority warranted by the Word of God the Scriptures or warranted by the Constitutions of the Kingdom and I will Answer President Sir You have propounded a Question and have been Answered seeing you will not Answer the Court will consider how to proceed in the mean time those that brought you hither are to take charge of you back again The Court desires to know whether this he all the Answer you will give or no King Sir I would desire that you would give me and all the world satisfaction in this let me tell you it is not a slight thing you are about I am sworn to keep the Peace by that duty I owe to God and my Country and I will do it to the last breath of my Body and therefore you shall do well to satisfie first God and then the Country by what Authority you do it if you do it by an usurped Authority that will not last long There is a God in Heaven that will call you and all that give you Power to an account satisfie me in that and I will Answer otherwise I betray my Trust and the Liberties of the people and therefore think of that and then I shall be willing For I do avow that it is as great a sin to withstand lawful Authority as it is to submit to a Tyrannical or any other ways unlawful Authority and therefore satisfie God and me and all the World in that and you shall receive my Answer I am not afraid of the Bill President The Court expects you should give them a final Answer their purpose is to adjourn till Monday next if you do not satisfie your self though we do tell you our Authority we are satisfied with our Authority and it is upon Gods Authority and the Kingdoms and that Peace you speak of will be kept in the doing of Iustice and that 's our present work King Let me tell you if you will shew me what lawful Authority you have I shall be satisfied But what you have hitherto said satisfies no reasonable man President That 's in your apprehension we think it reasonable that are your Iudges King 'T is not my apprehension nor yours neither that ought to decide it President The Court hath heard you and you are to be disposed of as they have commanded Two things were remarkable in this days proceedings It is observed That as the Charge was reading against the King the silver head of his staff fell off the which he wondered at and seeing none to take it up he stoop'd for it himself and put it in his pocket The other that the people as the King went out cried aloud and shouted God save the King while the weaker noise of hired and commanded Souldiers cried out Iustice and Execution at Colonel Axtels Threats and Bastinadoes At the High Court of Iustice sitting in Westminster-Hall Monday January 22. 1648. Upon the Kings coming a shout was made Sollicitor May it please your Lordship my Lord President I did at the last Court in the behalf of the Commons of England exhibit and give into this Court a Charge of High Treason and other High Crimes against the Prisoner at the Bar c. My humble Motion to this High Court is That the Prisoner may be directed to make a positive Answer or else the Charge may be taken pro confesso and the Court may proceed according to Justice President Sir You may remember at
of the people let all England and the World Iudge King Sir under favour it was the Liberty Freedom and Laws of the Subject that ever I took defended my self with Arms I never took up Arms against the people but for my people and the Laws President The command of the Court must be obeyed no answer will be given to the Charge King Well Sir Then the President ordered the default to be recorded and the contempt of the Court and that no Answer would be given to the Charge And so the King was guarded forth to Sir Robert Cotton's house Then the Court adjourned to the Painted-chamber on Tuesday at twelve a clock and from thence they adjourned again to Westminster-hall at which time all persons concerned were to give their attendance At the High Court of Iustice sitting in Westminster-hall Tuesday January 23. 1648. O yes made Silence commanded The Court called seventy three persons present The King came in with his Guard looking with an austere countenance upon the Court and sate down Cook Sollicitor-General May it please your Lordship my Lord President This is now the third time that by the great grace and favour of this high Court the Prisoner hath been brought to the Bar before any Issue joyned in the Cause My Lord I did at the first Court Exhibit a Charge against him c. My Lord after this great delay of Justice I shall now humbly move your Lordship for speedy Judgment against him My Lord I might press your Lordship upon the whole according to the known Rules of the Law of the Land That if a Prisoner shall stand as contumacious in contempt and shall not put in an Issuable Plea Guilty or not Guilty of the Charge given against him whereby he may come to a fair Tryal that as by an implicite Confession it may be taken pro confesso as it hath been done to those who have deserved more fâ—vour than the Prisoner at the Bar has done but besides my Lord I shall humbly press your Lordship upon the whole Fact The House of Commons the supreme Authority and Jurisdiction of the Kingdom they have Declared that it is notorious that the matter of the Charge is true as it is in truth my Lord as clear as Crystal and as the Sun that shines at Noon-day which if your Lordship and the Court be not satisfied in I have notwithstanding on the People of Englands behalf several Witnesses to produce And thereâ—ore I do humbly pray and yet I must confess it is not so much I as the â—nnocent Blood that hath been shed the cry whereof is very great for Justice and Judgement and therefore I do humbly pray that speedy Judgement be pronounced against the prisoner at the Bar. President Sir you have heard what is moved by the Counsel on the behalf of the Kingdom against you Sir you may well remember and if you do not the Court cannot forget what Dilatory dealings the Court hath found at your hands You were told that it was not for you nor any other man to dispute the Jurisdiction of the Supreme and highest Authority of England from which there is no appeal and touching which there must be no dispute yet you did persist in such carriage as you gave no manner of obedience nor did you acknowledge any Authority in them nor the High Court that constituted this Court of Justice Sir I must let you know from the Court that they are very sensible of these delays of yours and that they ought not being thus Authorized by the Supreme Court of England to be thus trifled withal and that they might in Iustice if they pleased and according to the Rules of Iustice take advantage of the delays and proceed to pronounce Iudgement against you yet nevertheless they are pleased to give direction and on their behalfs I do require you that you make a positive Answer unto this Charge that is against you Sir in plain terms for Iustice knows no respect of persons you are to give your positive and final Answer in plain English whether you be Guilty or not Guilty of these Treasons laid to your charge The King after a little pause said When I was here yesterday I did desire to speak for the Liberties of the people of England I was interrupted I desire to know yet whether I may speak freely or not President Sir you have heard the resolution of the Court upon the like Question the last day and you were told that having such a Charge of so high a Nature against you and your Work was that you ought to acknowledge the Iurisdiction of the Court And to Answer to your Charge Sir if you Answer to your Charge which the Court gives you leave now to do though they might have taken the advantage of your contempt yet if you be able to Answer to your Charge when you have once Answered you shall be heard at large make the best Defence you can But Sir I must let you know from the Court at their commands that you are not to be permitted to issue out into other discourses till such time as you have given a positive Answer concerning the Matter that is Charged upon you King For the Charge I value it not a Rush it is the Liberty of the People of England that I stand for for me to acknowledge a new Court that I never heard of before I that am your King that should be an example to all the people of England to uphold Justice to maintain the old Laws indeed I do not know how to do it you spoke very well the first day that I came here on Saturday of the Obligations that I had laid upon me by God to the maintenance of the Liberties of my people The same Obligation you spake of I do acknowledge to God that I owe to Him and to my people to defend as much as in me lies the antient Laws of the Kingdom therefore until I may â—now that this is not against the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom by your fâ—voâ—r I can put in no particular Answer If you will give me time I will then shew you my Reasons why I cannot do it and this Here being interrupted he said Bâ— your favour you ought not to interrupt me how I came here I know noâ— thâ—re's no Law for it to make your King your Prisoner I was lately in a Treaty up on the publike Faith of the Kingdom that was the known the two Houses of Parliament that was the Representative of the Kingdom and when that I had almost made an end of the Treaty then I was hurried away and brought hither and therefore Here the President interrupted him and said Sir you must know the pleasure of the Court. King By your favour Sir President Nay Sir by your favour you may not be permitted to fall into these discourses you appear as a Delinquent you have not acknowledged
Sir That which you now tender is to have another Iurisdiction and a co-ordinate Jurisdiction I know very well you express your self Sir that notwithstanding what you will offer to the Lords and Commons in the Painted-Chamber you would nevertheless proceed on here Sir because you shall know the further pleasure of the Court upon that which you have moved the Court will withdraw for a time King Shall I withdraw President Sir you shall know the pleasure of the Court presently The Court withdrew for half an hour into the Court of Wards Then the Court commanded the Serjeant at Arms to withdraw the King and to expect order for his return again The Court withdrew for half an hour and returned this withdrawing was occasioned by the importunacy and disturbance of Colonel Downs who sate next to Cromwel but Downs was quickly quieted being awed by Cromwel during this short stay President Serjeant at Arms send for your Prisoner Sir their withdrawing and adjournment was pro forma tantum for it did not seem to them that there was any difficulty in the thing the Court is now resolved to proceed King Sir I know it is in vain for me to dispute I am no Sceptick for to deny the power that you have I know that you have power enough Sir I confess I think it would have been for the Kingdoms Peace if you would have taken the pains to have shown the lawfulness of your power For this delay that I have desired I confess it is a delay but very important for the Peace of the Kingdom for it is not my person that I look on alone it is the Kingdoms welfare and the Kingdoms Peace it is an old sentence That we should think on long before we have resolved of great matters suddenly Therefore Sir I do say again that I do put at your doors all the inconveniency of an hasty Sentence I confess I have been here now I think this week this day eight days was the day I came here first but a little delay of a day or two further may give peace whereas an Hâ—sty Iudgement may bring on that trouble and perpetual inconveniency to the Kingdom that the Child that is unborn may repent it and therefore again out of the Duty I owe to God and to my Country I do desire that I may be heard by the Lords and Commons in the Painted-Chamber or any other Chamber that you will appoint me President The Court will proceed King I say this Sir That if you will hear me I doubt not but I shall give some satisfaction to you all here and to my people after that and therefore I do require you as you will answer it at the dreadful day of Judgement that you will consider it once again President Sir I have received direction from the Court. King Well Sir President If this must be re-enforc'd or any thing of this nature your Answer must be the same and they will proceed to Sentence if you have nothing more to say King I have nothing more to say but I shall desire that this may be entred what I have said President The Court then Sir hath something to say to you which although I know it will be very unacceptable yet notwithstanding they are willing and are resolved to discharge their Duty and so proceeded by way of â—iery how other Nations in all times had taken the same course with their Kings and Princes deposing and executing of them especially and more frequently in the Kings Native Realm of Scotland mis-citing and wresting and abusing the truth of History to varnish the Rhapsody and Treason of this lying Harangue of all which one most remarkable paragraph as noted by the King himself with an admiration is here inserted Sir That that we are now upon by the command of the highest Court hath been and is to Try and Iudge you for those great offences of yours Sir the Charge hath called you Tyrant a Traytor a Murtherer and a publike Enemy to the Commonwealth of England Sir it had been well if any of all these terms rightly and justly might have been spared if any one of them at all King Ha! President To do Iustice Impartially and even upon You is all our Resolutions Sir I say for your self we do â—eartily wish and desire that God would be pleased to give you a sense of your sins that you would see wherein you have done amiss that you may cry unto him that God would deliver you from Blood guiltiness A good King was once guilty of that particular thing and was clear otherwise saving in the matter of Uriah Truly Sir the story tells us that he was a repentant King and it signifies enough that he had died for it but that God was pleased to accept of him and to give him his pardon Thou shalt not dye but the Child shall dye thou hast given cause to the enemies of God to blaspheme King I would desire onely one word before you give Sentence and that is That you would hear me concerning those great Imputations that you have laid to my charge President Sir You must give me leave to go on for I am not far from your Sentence and your time is now past King But I shall desire you will hear me a few words to you for truly what ever Sentence you will put upon me in respect of those heavy Imputations I see by your speech you have put upon me that I Sir it is very true that President Sir I must put you in minde truly Sir I would not willingly at this time especially interrupt you in any thing you have to say that is proper for us to admit of but Sir you have not owned us as a Court and you look upon us as a sort of people met together and we know what Language we receive from your party King I know nothing of that President You dis-avow us as a Court and therefore for you to address your self to us and not to acknowledge us as a Court to judge of what you say it is not to be permitted and the truth is all along from the first time you were pleased to dis-avow and disown us the Court needed not to have heard you one word for unless they be acknowledged a Court and engaged it is not proper for you to speak Sir we have given you too much liberty already and admitted of too much delay c. The President commands the Sentence to be read Make an O Yes and command Silence while the Sentence is read O Yes made Silence commanded The Clerk read the Sentence which was drawn up in Parchment Whereas the Commons of England in Parliament have appointed them an high Court of Iustice for the Trying of Charles Stuart King of England before whom he had been three times convented and at first time a Charge of high Treason and other Crimes and Misdemeanours was read in the behalf of the
passed for removing obstructions in the sale of the King Queen and Princes Lands as they then called them and several Mannors and Lands were apportioned to the Souldiers for their Arrears whose Debentures were now stated by the Committee of the Army the Common Souldiers purchasing in manner of a Corporation by Regiments the frequency of these Debentures which the old Officers and Reformadoes sold at Half a Crown in the pound and so drew in a great number of Citizens to be Bargainers with the Trustees named in the Act for the sale of the said Lands and Hereditaments which were thereby invested and setled on them for the use of the Common-wealth gave an opportunity to one Granger and his Complices to counterfeit the Hands of the said Committee by which means several false Debentures were put upon the Commissioners and more Cheats upon those that bought them when at last they came to be discovered This Granger who justified his little Cheats by their great ones continued this kinde of Trade throughout the Usurpation in levying Assessements by Warrants which he would counterfeit and make use of to any of the Treasurers of the Costome-house or Chamber of London and to any Collectors and Receivers of any publike Money especially in Cromwels raign and yet never suffered further than the Pillory and a Temporary Imprisonment and is yet alive and in custody for his former Cheats and the like endeavours and attempts of late The King was yet at Iersey whither the Lord Libberton was Arrived and having delivered his Letters to the King from the Committee of Estates of Scotland was very well received and liked of by the King and in February dispacht away and on the 18 of the said Month landed at Leith with Letters likewise from the King which though they were not in all particulars according to the wish and mind of the Estates yet did they so far satisfie that Commissioners were appointed forthwith to go for Holland to commence the Treaty which was appointed by the King at Breda the Prince of Aurange being desired by the Scots to moderate and mediate in that affair The King in his departure from Iersey was by a sudden Gust of Wind near over-set it being a little Bark that conveyed him into France had not one of his Retinue very fortunately with his Knife cut the Cordage that held the Main-sheet and let it flie in the Wind. So the good hand of Providence still took care of and preserved him to most glorious and wonderful Revolutions In the interim the Scots are busie in purging their Army of alâ— Officers who were any way concerned in Hamilton's Engagement and were not througâ—ly Kirkified twelve of such being turned out of Command in Lâ—shes own Regiment to leave no advantage to the King of requiring any favour for such of hiâ— own or that Party to be admitted into Places or Trust and withal they thought fit now to give an answer to that mentioned Declaration of the Marquess of Montross most virulently and falsly answering the Contents thereof by utter denial of their promoting the War in England or selling the late King or tying his Son their present Sovereign to any further Conditions or Agreements than what his Predecessors had constantly been bound to and the Laws and Customs of the Nation did require and finally adjured all men to beware of Apostacie or taking part with that Monster of Men so they stiled that Martyr the Honour of their Country Iames Graham more deservedly and famously known Marquess of Montross But the Sun was not clearer at Noon-day than the truth of that Charge in very particular as full experience did convincingly demonstrate The Commissioners names that were sent and who departed in March were the Earls of Cassils and Lothian Sir Iohn Smith the Lord Libberton Laird Broady Iefferies Leviston Wood and Hutchinson who had Inâ—â—ructions to acquaint the King that the Committee of Estates and General Assembly were not satisfied with his last Letters and to insist that he would take the National Covenant and enjoyn others to do it that he would abandon the Counsel and Company of the Marquess of Montross and other such Malignants that then they should invite him to come into his Realm of Scotland and take his Word that he would not bring any Cavaliers over with him they having already excepted not deigning further mention of Montross against Duke Hamilton the Earl of Lauderdaile Dunfermling Ruthen the Lords Napier Fendraught St. Clare Garnegy and Eython and some others and commanded the Earl of Calendar upon penalty of 100000 Mark Scots to depart the Kingdom other matters upon the Treaty the King left to the Parliament which he likewise allowed and confirmed and all proceedings had been had or done therein which shall suffice for the account of that Transaction neither the King nor the Commissioners taking any notice of Montrosses preparation to come into that Kingdom but purposely avoiding any dispute about it of which we shall have occasion to speak presently At home the Parliament to comply with the Proposals of the Army and their former Agreements made shew of dissolving themselves and chusing a new Representative and debated upon qualifications of Members for new Tumults were feared among the Souldiery and one Marston a notable Adjutator who had escaped from Burford defeat was now ordered to be taken into Custody The Messengers accordingly came to his Lodging in Aldersgate-street and sending him word to come down he with a Stilletto killed two of them out-right and sorely wounded the third and escaped but being retaken and terribly cut in his endeavouring to make another escape he was Arraigned at the Sessions-house in the Old Baily and condemned to be hanged in the said Street which was accordingly executed so preventing another death from the grievousness of his wounds He was a truly stout person and died as resolutely as his weakness would permit Sir Iohn Berkley and Colonel Walter Slingsby were now taken at Colonel Travanions house in Cornwal and secured which made them conceive there was some designes on foot for the King to be put in execution At the same time they proceeded with the old Vizor of Piety voting some Expedients for the propagation of the Gospel and withal very strictly urging Subscriptions to the new Engagement which at last visited the University of Oxford and was as unwelcome and destructive to the new Fellows and Scholars put in by the Presbyterian Party of Parliament in 1647 and 48. as the Covenant was being tendered in the like manner to the rightful proprietors the Loyal Students then ejected particularly Doctor Reynolds who come in the place of Doctor Fell resigned it to one Owen who was made Doctor in Divinity famous for his primer and his better Lesson of flattery with Oliver and Dean of Christ-Church Never greater or more Robberies committed by Thieves than at this time for which almost 60 suffered at
discourses were concerning his Death as either partie wished for he was brought very low but being recovered to some degree of Health by these Gentlemen it was presently sounded like a Proclamation and I have therefore thought fit to transcribe a piece of the Letter that the World may see what queer Hypocrites his Attendants like himself and his times were by the pious Nonsense and most Blasphemous Flattery of this Apocryphal Epistle If I knew the Secretary or Inditer I would Chronicle him for his Pen. Truly Sir His Life and Health are exceeding precious and I account it every day a greater mercy than other that we have his Life observing that every dispensation of God draws him nearer to himself and makes him more Heavenly and Holy and by consequence more useful for his Generation in the management of that power God hath Committed to him c. The Parliament of Scotland after long debate had Passed an Act of Olivion for all things done thitherto inviting thereby all Parties to joyn in carrying on the Service of King and Kingdom and a new Engagement with the Sacrament was taken by the Kings Army to adhere to him whereupon all Faction and Division seemed to be laid aside the Royalists and Kirk-men good Friends and the Earl of Calendar made Commander in chief of the new Levies and this newly made Peace and Friendship was no more than just necessary for the Wolf was at the Door and ready to seize In the interim it was thought expedient for some of their Horse to march to Dumfrize in the West of Scotland now deserted by the Enemy and to make more considerable Levies On the 7 of May Mr. Love Mr. Ienkins Mr. Drake and other Presbyterians had been seized by order of the Council of State in order to their Tryal before the High Court of Iustice as yet standing by Adjournments and having three times convened before them old and resolute Sir Iohn Stawel who so gravelled them that at the third Hearing they were forced to desist from the pursuit of his Blood and making report thereof to the Parliament they Voted the sale of his Estate giving him sad cause to complain with Iob With the Skin of my Teeth am I escaped making an exception to that general Rule Vestigia cerno omnia te adversum spectantia nulla retrorsum He first escaping Condemnation at that Tribunal Now the aforesaid Ministers with some Laicks Engaged in the said practise for the King were brought thither and Mr. Love first and principally charged with High Treason against the State for holding correspondence with the King and his Party and supplying them with Money contrary to an Act of Parliament in that case provided After several appearances in all which Mr. Love very undauntedly disputed the Court one Mr. Iackson a Minister denying to give in Evidence against him was fined 500 l. and committed to the Fleet which made him more passionate and confident but the accusation being at last proved against him he desired Lawyers to assist him and had them assigned but they not having taken the Engagement would not be admitted to Plead Mr. Hales onely excepted In sum his main defence appearing to be equivocal in that he averr'd he did not personally correspond neither Write nor receive Letters nor send any or receive any Money to that use himself and to consist also of an allegation of his merits mixt with invectives against the Court and its Authority which he aided with Scripture-proof in an Oration of two hours on the 15 of Iune On the 5 of Iuly they proceeded to Sentence which was that he should be Beheaded the time appointed the 15 day of the same Month which by several Petitions of his Wife and others was respited to the 15 of August And in the mean time on the 18 of the same Month Mr. Potter an Apothecary in Black-friers and one Mr. Gibbons were tryed before the same Court Potter confessed and craved their mercy Gibbons pleaded matter of Law but on the 25 of Iuly they were both Sentenced as Mr. Love who not coming up to the Parliaments expectation of discovery and more humble submission and acknowledgement of their Authority and the King advanced into England had his Reprieve cassated by the Parliament who referring him to the High Court of Iustice they ordered his Execution with Gibbons on the 22 of August which was done on Tower-hill accordingly Mr. Love resolutely enough and I am loath to prejudice his Memory for his designe was good proof of his Loyalty Gibbons bewrayed something of pusillanimity as being a Taylor and after a kind of Sollicitor to Mr. Hollis for whose relation more than his own guilt he was thought fit to suffer for when the Blow was just a coming upon his Neck he turned his Eyes and Face towards the Executioner in hopes or desire at least of some Reprieve but present Death freed him with other troubles and sollicitudes of Life from that sudden anxiety And so we have done with our High Court of Iustice for this Session This High Court of Iustice was so much their darling that the antient Judicatures had little or no respect especially they could not endure any of those Courts that more immediately related to the King and as they had changed the name of his Bench to the Vpper-Bench so now that there might remain no footsteps of a Court or the Majesty of a Prince they abolished the Marshals-Court at Southwarke which was a kinde of a peculiar Kings-Bench for the Verge that is 12 miles circuit every way round the Kings Residence and Palace that there might be no annoyance nor disorder committed neer his Person It was resolved therefore Iuly the 8 that the Court of the Knight-Marshal held in Southwarke should be from and after the first of August next absolutely dissolved and taken away and no further Suit Action or Proceeding to be had thereupon About this time they passed another Act which as that struck at the Root of the Royalty of England so this lopt the Branches that clave to it viz. An Act for the sale of Delinquents Lands such as had with the utmost of their Lives and Fortunes served the late King in our unnatural Wars It will be needless and too bulky to name them particularly we will mention onely some of the principal the Duke of Buckingham the Marquesses of Newcastle Worcester Winchester the Earls of Cleveland Norwich Scarsdale the Lords Hapton Wilmot Langdale Gerard Cottington Iermin Percy Culpeper Hide and lastly the Lord Craven whose Princely Estate was enough to help them to a quarrel against him which they managed by a perjured Fellow one Faulkner into a suspition of Treason he deposing that the said Lord Craven had delivered a Petition to the King at Breda from him and other Cavalier-Officers wherein the Parliament were termed Bloody and Barbarous Rebels and Traytors This wretched subornation was laid
Croxton yet held out the Castle and had it presently delivered from thence to Leverpool which was yielded likewise by Colonel Ireland while in the mean time Colonel Zanchy and Axtel took in Chirk-castle delivered by young Mr. Middleton upon terms of having two Months time to make Addresses to the Parliament the rest were to be Prisoners of War and among them was Colonel since Sir Edward Broughton Harding-Castle was yielded likewise upon the like Capitulations Sir George Booth had made his escape out of the Field and got away accompanied with four of his Servants in a Womans Disguise but at his Inne in Newport-pagnel was discovered and being guarded and secured one Gibbons a Minister posted to give the Parliament account of it and was rewarded by them as were no less than three several Messengers sent before from Lambert with the particulars of the Cheshire-defeat Upon his bringing to London Fleetwood was ordered to send a Guard and meet him at Highgate and secure him to the Tower whither the next day Sir Henry Vane and Sir Arthur Haslerig were sent to Examine him It hath since been plainly confirmed that General Monke was engaged with him in the same designe under pretence of a Free-Parliament and that the Marquess of Ormond in the Habit of a Pedlar was seen abâ—â—â— his House at Dalkeith but it was so secretly carried that nothing appeared at this time nor would Sir George be drawn to accuse any man Most certain it is the Kings Restitution was the bottome of this Designe for before the appearance of it he had withdrawn privately from Brussels and lay ready upon the Coast of Britany about St. Malo's and those places to take shipping for England upon the first good event of those his Loyal Friends and Subjects but Kent or Sussex was the place intended for his Landing Turenne the French General having engaged to wait upon him if he would oblige it But this unhappy account reaching him there he resolved to give over the prosecution of his right by the Sword at present seeing the almost-impossibility of recovering it by his English Subjects against these standing Armies and pass to St. Iean de Luz where the Treaty betwixt the two Crowns was then begun and whither Lockhart upon the arrival of a French Embassador hither was ordered to Travel where after several affronts done him while the Ministers of the King not to mention the Grandeurs of the Honours done to himself by the Cardinal and Don Lewis de Haro and during his short stay in the Realm of Spain who were first the Lord Iermyn his Plenipotentiary at that Treaty the Earl of Bristol the Lord Chancellor Sir Henry Bennet the Kings Resident at the Court of Spain after Secretary of State and others he was better advised to return and be gone with more hast than he came His Master's Concerns being wholly rejected and his Majesty's most affectionately undertaken by both those Potentates in private distinct Articles agreed between them As those Iuncto-men or Rumpers would have been taken into this affair of the Peace between France and Spain so they thrust themselves into the difference between the two Northern Kingdoms of Denmark and Sweden sending Mr. Sidney and Sir Thomas Honeywood Sir Henry Vane's Brother-in-law their Plenipotentiaries to those Crowns who having sâ—aid there to no purpose returned some time after to as much their Masters at home being lurcht before they had order to proceed in the same method and as far as the French or Dutch whose project of the Peace framed at the Hague being humbly tendered here by their Embassador was approved and these Commissioners to act according to that Module General Montague returned September the 24 about their coming thither and having given an account not of all he knew or did there concerning the War there to the Council of State was dismissed having given the King very good assurance of his readiness and affection to his service The Parliament now were consulting what more standing Forces to keep in the Kingdom and to keep in with the Sects and Quakers now numerous they repealed the Act of Iohn Lilburn's Banishment and released Iames Naylor as aforesaid out of Bridewel then against the last Royalists caused a new Sequestration-Act to be presently passed and Commissioners Names expedited Thus brisk they were always upon the Atchievement and accomplishment of every success which when it tickled them to arrogance and confidence scratched them soon after to their trouble and vexation for Lambert having done the Feat for them was now upon his progress in the Country to his own House at Craven in York-shire caressing the people having used his Victory very civilly although he was heard to say upon his setting forth questionless to make him more acceptable and less suspect to the Rump That he would not leave a Cavalier to Piss against the Wall or words to that effect Especially he made much of his Officers having invited them to his House aforesaid where their entertainment was concluded with a Draught of another Advice stiled A Petition to the Parliament General Monke in the mean time the better to conceal his affection to the King caused most of the Scotch Nobility to be seized on a sudden and upon the refusal of the Engagement secured them in Castles Very many yea most of them refused besides the Earl of Glencarn the General 's Confident and Privado as appeared not long after Lambert was Voted a Jewel of 1000 l. for a gratuity from the Parliament for his Cheshire-service but his ambition aimed at a higher Gem he therefore desired the Parliament that they would think of paying off the Militia who had deserved well as also the Irish Brigades and the Widows and relicts of such whose Husbands were drowned passing from thence to their assistance which they readily promised sitting brooding continually upon Acts of Sale and Forfeitures of such Estates whose last moities upon purchase had not been paid as also in sifting out all the persons engaged with Sir George and had traced it so close by their Beagles as to bring Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper one of their Council of State into suspicion as really he was a principal in the Plot having been of the Cabal and had kept intelligence with Sir George and had a party in Dorset shire which timely dispersed themselves but the great opinion they had of him stop'd the mouth of his Accusers and he knew well enough how to defend himself at their Bar. They had likewise got one of the King's Letters dated the 16 of May and other Papers which with the several Examinations were read in the House and a Thanksgiving-day thereupon appointed for this their great preservation They likewise Voted the Charter of the City of Chester void and that it should be no longer a County of it self but lie in Common as also the Ejection of the whole Ministry as Malignant and received soon after
with matters of Religion the Militia Qualifications and Writs for Elections and in the interim endeavours were used more especially at Hull by Major Gen. Overton to debauch part of the Army at York and the same tricks also at Chester with the Irish Brigades but were Defeated and came to nothing Therefore Col. Lambert refusing to put in security of Twenty thousand pounds was now at last Committed to the Tower to prevent any future danger from the unsatisfied part of the Souldiery About this time died Carolus Gustavus King of Sweden The Engagement made by the remnant of the Parliament Viz. I do declare and promise that I will be true and faithful c. was now ordered to be expunged out of the Journal-book of the House of Commons which made the Phanaticks begin to fear their unjust Possessions Hull was now delivered to Col. Fairfax according to the Generals Order The Inscription under the Statue of King Charles the first in the Exchange London Exit Tyrannus was expunged and blotted out by a private hand According to the Parliament resolves to Dissolve themselves and being pressed by the General whose well-governed impatience of the Kings return permitted not the least delay in that dangerous place Writs were ordered to be issued out for the Election of Members in the ensuing Parliament in the name of The Keepers of the Liberty of England by Authority of Parliament and the Bill of their Dissolution being read and passed leaving a power in the Council of State in the interval of Parliament to govern the Nations they broke up and so this long-lasting Parliament which hath done and suffered so many strange things came with fair expectations to a peaceable conclusion but shall never want the Elegies and the doleful complaints of the three Kingdoms The Parliament being thus Dissolved the first thing the Council of State acted was the emitting of a Proclamation forbidding all Persons whatsoever to make applications to any of the Officers and Souldiers in the Army in the way of Agitating declaring that pernitious course was the ruine of the King and Kingdome in the years 1647 and 48. This actuated with a diligent eye upon some suspected persons and securing of others happily retained the Army in their duty and obedience to the bringing about his Majesties Restitution which was every day more visible The Council of State were hammering a Proclamation requiring such qualifications as were intended by Parliament for the Election of Members to be strictly observed whereby Cavaliers were to be excluded but there were enow Royallists besides to do that great and happy work which was soon after accomplisht and yet in the mean while made Addresses to the King some Letters passing from them to him being unhappily delayed by the death of Mr. Annesley Brother to the now Earl of Anglesey who was drowned as he was taking Boat to proceed in his Voyage for the delivery of them to the King Mr. Barebone and Mr. Scot signed an Engagement wherein they promised to live peaceably but divers others of that Faction for agitating and other misdemeanors were secured and committed to prison the Elections in the interim went hopefully on and the Militia was every where well established A Letter was sent by the Council to the Bassa of Algier for releasing the Lord Inchequeen and his Son who were lately taken by a Turkish Pirate neer the Port of Lisbon and carried to Algier Colonel Massey appeared in Gloucestershire with an intention to stand for an Election there he was ordered to appear before the Council which he did and was afterwards unanimously chosen one of the Burgesses for that City as Major-General Brown who sate with the secluded Members before with the Recorder Sir William Wilde and Sir Iohn Robinson with whom the General constantly conversed in the suspence of his declaring himself but was riddled to the Royallists by the Company he kept were Elected for London both these eminent Captains were very active and instrumental in the King's Restauration The City of London emitted a Declaration wherein they clear themselves of the Guilt of the King's Death and the Crimes of the Usurpation their Counsels being under a force of a desperate Juncto put upon them and as a signet of the Revolution ensuing suffered the same Tumults to the Restitution which it had fomented and cherished in the beginning of the Wars to the ruine and overthrow of the Kingdoms Anno Dom. 1660. WE begin this mirabilis Annus the wonderful year of 1660 which by the old Philosophical Axiome of twenty years revolution was to return all things in statu quo to wit the same condition with an occurrence of no seeming tendencie or aspect to the product thereof viz. The Proclamation from the Council of State against Election of any to this Parliament that had served his Majesty in the late Wars which proceeded from the unreconciled Results of those secluded Members who yet retained some grudge of their first Quarrel and would fain do away the imputation of their unjust Arming themselves and the people against their Soveraign by a Vote passed this last sitting wherein they again declared That the late King began the War with the two Houses and this was now for a subsequent confirmation of that fallacious Maxime of the Rebellion Mr. Saint Iohn that was of this Council of State now opened and discovered himself in the solution of his former actions by his suspicions and fears of the approaching Revolution He stickled first for the Qualifications which the Parliament through the General 's designed importunity had left unestablished and undetermined and that being thus decreed though the Gentry found means to Elude this Paper-scare-crow foreseeing the necessity and absolute combination of all things to the King's Return he laboured to clog that also with limitations and conditions but to less purpose than he had straightned this Free Convention ensuing which was very unlike to prove so if such designes had taken effect For to the Honour and everlasting entire Felicity of this unparallelled Rovolution and the noble General 's Loyal and most generous and obliging Prudence beyond all Parliamentory Engagements and Terms whatsoever his Majesties Rights and undoubted Prerogative were left and returned to him most free and inviolate A Convention was held in Ireland in nature of a Parliament till such time as one might be conveniently and rightly called for to provide for the Peace and Safety of that Kingdom from whence the L. Shannon Sir Iohn Clothworthy and Major Aston were sent as Commissioners to the Council During the Election of Members it was wonderful to see the general chearfulness that possessed the minds and looks of all men and the no less stupid consternation of the Phanatick party which term they likewise obtained from a Letter of the General 's from Scotland a little while before so that it was plainly seen God had disarmed their spirits of that violence that had
and inflict the punishment of the Rebellion if they delayed his imbraces In fine it was an Affair in which all the faculties and passions of the Soul Love Fear Hope and Joy were tempered together to a MIRACLE by his skilful hand and art of Government and wherein Reason and Necessity jumpt together and to which the whole frame of Policie officiously humbled and submitted it self at this his Majesties most absolute and uncontroulable disposal of his Empire Tibi numine ab omni Cedetur jurisque tui Natura relinquet Quis Deus esse velis ubi regâ—um ponere mundo All the Heavenly powers yield And Nature as thy right and choice doth leave Where thou wilt reign what Realms shall thee receive But besides those of the first Magnitude there were Illustrious persons and others that rendred themselves conspicuous by their conjunction in this Revolution such were the Lord Chancellour the Earls of Southampton Oxford Bristol S. Albans the two Secretaries of State the old Earl of Norwich Ld. Goring a person whose memory is highly ennobled by such grand Events and Occurrences of State as the Spanish Peace with the Low Countries which owes it self to his Transaction and Accommodation the Earl of Manchester the noble Earl of Sandwich whose hand was engaged with his head and was the excellent General 's second in this Affair the faithful and couragious Lord Ashly Cooper who intrepidly engaged himself among the Usurpers and dreaded not their spies and quicksighted sagacious discovery of designes and intelligence against them which he constantly managed the Lord Annesly now Earl of Anglesey Lord Hollis Lord Booth of Delamere who broke the Ice and endangered his Life and Fortunes in the Attempt but was bravely rescued by his Reserve the General who came time enough to preserve him not to omit the Dii minores persons of lesser Rank but Eminent in their Qualities Sir Samuel Moreland Thurlo's Secretary and Cromwel's Resident in Savoy where he was set as Intelligencer which he proved most punctually to his Majesty and countermined all the designes of his Masters and by which means the King came to have intelligence of those disloyal treacherous and ingrate persons formerly of his side whom we have mentioned He came to the King at Breda where his Majesty Knighted him and made him a Baronet and gave him this Testimony That he had done him very signal Services for some years last passed Neither was Sir George Downing unserviceable to the same designe in his station in Holland as his Majesty's Respects to him at his coming to the Hague with recommendation from the General did sufficiently declare To conclude the whole Mass of the people had a hand at the least in it conspiring the same purposes in their wishes and affections with the effect whereof in a compendious Narrative for the Subject grows upon me to a bulk I am next to indulge and pleasure the Reader The King was yet at Brussels in a setled quiet expectation of the sitting down of the Parliament the results of whose Counsels were not thought so quick by the deliberating and slow Spaniard who had allowed the King yearly the sum of 9000 l. besides the pay of his Forces which his Majesty kept there which money was since repayed by the King soon after his return and therefore upon the King's departure from Breda upon assurance that the Parliament would not fail of sitting down at the appointed time he having traversed to and fro back and again to Antwerp the civil Governour of these Countries gave the King his Complement of departure and honourably conveyed him on his way to the City of Antwerp the Road to Breda aforesaid when it was feared by very many that the slye Spaniard would have put some demur or stay upon him in his Dominions He afterwards indeed sent a Complement to him by an Envoy well attended intreating him to return that way and to take shipping at one of the Ports of Flanders for England and acquainted him that for his greater honour and satisfaction he should see his Souldiers payed as he passed but the King civilly refused that kind proffer The King was no sooner come to Breda the Town and Castle whereof belonged to his Nephew the Prince of Aurange but having notice the Parliament was ready to sit he dispatcht away his Letters by Mr. now made Lord Viscount Mordant the Lord Goring having been sent before to the Council of State and General and Sir Iohn Greenvil now Earl of Bath with his Letters to the Parliament in both Houses respectively to the Lord-General and City which were speedily made publick and the Town in a kind of extasie for two days together the Press never ceasing to print them and all persons having no other thing to do but to read them the substance of which Message with the like Declaration to the House of Commons and his gracious Letters enclosed to his Excellencie the Lord General to be communicated to the Officers of the Army with a Letter likewise and Declaration to the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Common Council of the City of London was this His Majesty granted a free and general Pardon to all his Subjects whatsoever that shall within forty days after publication thereof lay hold upon that grace and by any publick Act declare their doing so such onely accepted as the Parliament shall think fit to be excepted which he will confirm upon the word of a King And as to tender Consciences none shall be called in question for differences in opinion which disturb not the peace of the Kingdom For Sales Purchases he will refer himself in all matters to the determination of Parliament that he will consent to an Act or Acts of Parliament for paying off and satisfying the Arrears of the Army and Navy and that they shall be received into his Majesty's service upon as good Pay and Conditions as they then enjoyed This gracious Message with the Letter to his Excellencie and the Declaration were read in the House of Commons with most extraordinary Ceremony and Reverence as if some strange awe had seized upon the minds of the Parliament every man at the Speakers naming of the King rising up and uncovering himself desiring the Letters might be forthwith read the like also was done in the House of Lords In the House of Commons remarkable was that of Mr. Luke Robinson who being a great Commonwealths-man first of all spoke to the Letters and acknowledged his conviction Nor was this Declaration less acceptable to all the people who were overjoyed with the news and the infallible hopes of having their gracious Prince and Soveraign restored to them in Peace and Honour The Parliament resolved That they do own and declare that according to the Ancient and Fundamental Laws of this Kingdom the Government is and ought to be by King Lords and Commons And having a deep sense of the Miseries and Distractions in
besides Servants Then another Troop of about Two hundred in Velvet-Coats the Foot-men and Liveries in Purple Next a Troop under Colonel Sir Iohn Robinson with Buff-coats Cloath of Silver-sleeves and Green-scarves After this a Troop in Blew Liveries and Silver-lace Colours red fringed with Silver about Two hundred Next another Troop with six Trumpets seven Foot-men in Sea-green and Silver their Colours Pink Fringed with Silver Then a Troop with their Liveries Gray and Blew Thirty Foot-men Four Trumpets about Two hundred and twenty their Colours Sky Fringed with Silver under the Earl of Northampton Another of Gray Liveries Six Trumpets Colours Sky and Silver about One hundred and five led by the Lord Goring Another of Seventy Another Troop led by the Lord Cleveland of about Three hundred Noblemen and Gentry another Troop of about One hundred black Colours One more Troop of Three hundred Horse led by the Lord Mordant After these came Two Trumpets with his Majesties Arms the Sheriffs-men in Red-cloaks and Silver-lace with Half-pikes Seventy two in number Then followed the Gentlemen that rid out of the several Companies of London with their respective Streamers all in Velvet Coats with Gold Chains every Company having its Footmen with different Liveries After these a Kettle-drum and five Trumpets The Citizens being in number about Six hundred After these Twelve Ministers then his Majesties Life-guard led by Sir Gilbert Gerrard and Major Roscarrock The City-Marshal with eight Footmen with the City-Waits and Officers in order then the two Sheriffs and all the Aldermen of London among whom much wondring there was at Aldermen Ireton in their Scarlet Gowns and rich Trappings with Footmen in Liveries Red-coats laced with Silver and Cloath of Gold The Maces and Heralds in their Rich coats the Lord Mayor bare carrying the Sword his Excellency and Duke of Buckingham bare also and then as the lustre to all this splendid Triumph rode the King himself between his two Royal Brothers which order he had all along ever since the overture of his return observed After them came a Troop bare with White Colours then the General 's Life-guard and another Troop of Gentry Last of all Five Regiments of the Army-Horse with Back Brest and Head-piece which diversified the Show with delight and Terrour Thus have you in a view all that pleased and gratified the Eye but no Pen or Tongue is able to express those ravishing and loud musical notes of Acclamations and Vive le Roy's which charmed the Ears of all Loyal Subjects even to Extasie and Transportation and with which his Majesty himself who endured the din of it all that day was so pleasingly affected With these joyful accents he was brought to his Palace of White-hall where after the Lord Mayor had took his leave his Majesty went up to the Lords where a Speech was made to him in the Banqueting-house where both Lords and Commons awaited him by the Earl of Manchester Speaker of the House of Lords by which that Posterity may know the sense of the Kingdome upon this Miraculous Change it is here Recorded THat this day may prove happy to your Majesty is the hope the Expectation and the earnest desire of my Lords the Peers whose Commands are upon me to make this humble Tender to your Majesty of their Loyal joy for your Majesties safe Return to your Native Kingdome and for this happy Restoration of your Majesty to your Crown and Dignity after so long and so severe a Supression of your just Right and Title I shall not reflect upon your Majesties Sufferings which have been your Peoples Miseries yet I cannot omit to say That as the Nation in general so the Peers with a more personal and particular sense have felt the stroke that cut the Gordian Knot which fastned your Majesty to your Kingdome and your Kingdome to your Majesty For since those strange and various Fluctuations and Discomposuâ—es in Government since those horrid and unparallel'd Violations of all Order and Iustice Strangers have Ruled over us even with a Rod of Iron But now with satisfaction of heart we own and see your Majesty our Native King and Son of the wise a Son of the antient Kings whose hand holds forth a Golden Scepter Great King Give me leave to speak the Confidence as well as the Desires of the Peers of England Be you the Powerful Defender of the true Protestant Faith the Iust Assertor and Maintainer of the Laws and Liberties of your Subjects so shall Judgment run down like a River and Justice like a mighty stream and God the God of your Mercy who hath so miraculously preserved you will establish your Throne in Righteousness and in Peace Dread Soveraign I offer no flattering Titles but speak the Words of Truth you are the desire of Three Kingdoms the Strength and the Stay of the Tribes of the People for the moderating of Extremities the reconciling of differences the satisfying of all interests and for the restoring of the collapsed Honour of these Nations Their Eyes are toward your Majesty their Tongues with loud Acclamations of Ioy speak the thoughts and Loyal intentions of their Hearts their Hands are lift up to Heaven with Prayers and Praises and what Oral Triumph can equal this your Pomp and Glory Long may your Majesty Live and Reign a Support to your Friends a Terrour to your Enemies an Honour to your Nation and an Example to Kings of Piety Iustice Prudence and Power that this Prophetick Expression may be verified in your Majesty King Charles the Second shall be greater than ever was the greatest of that Name His MAjESTIES Gracious Answer to the Earl of Manchester's Speech My Lord I Am so disordered by my Iourney and with the Noise still sounding in my Ears which I confess was pleasing to me because it expressed the Affections of my People as I am unfit at the present to make such a Reply as I desire yet thus much I shall say unto you That I take no greater Satisfaction to my Self in this my Change than that I find my Heart really set to endeavour by all means for the Restoring of this Nation to their Freedome and Happiness And I hope by the advice of my Parliament to effect it Of this also you may be confident That next to the Honour of God from whom principally I shall ever own this Restoration to my Crown I shall study the Welfare of my People And shall not only be a True Defender of the Faith But a Iust Assertor of the Laws and Liberties of my Subjects This passed the King retired to Supper and soon after to his rest where it was time he should find it after so many difficulties and turmoils in the World for Twenty whole years together But the Citizens were not so weary of their Joy and Triumph for as soon as Night came an Artificial day was begun again the whole City seeming to be one great Light as indeed properly it was a Luminary of
Edmund Fowel in Com. Devon Kt. created Baronet May 1. Iohn Cropley in Com. Middlesex Esq. created Baronet May 7. William Smith in Com. Bucks Esq. created Baronet May 10. George Cook in Com. York Esq. created Baronet Mâ—â— 10. Charles Lloyd in Com. Montgomery Esq. created Baronet May 10. Nathaniel Powel in Com. Sussex Esq. created Baronet May 14. Denny Ashburnham in Com. Sussex Esq. created Baronet May 15. Sir Hugh Smith in Com. Somerset Kt. created Baronet May 16. And so we have glided through this Sphere of Glory in which the ancient honour of the Government is refixed and gives us the full and compleat fight of this wonderful Revoluâ—â—on each Luminary shining in its proper Orb and in its Degree the Soveraign Nobility Clergy and Gentry recovered to their former and distinct Lustre and to say no more the whole community of English Freemen whose state and condition no Nation can parallel from being the servants of servants are become their own Masters and are arrived by this Change to be again the envy that were but lately the scorn and derision of the World In this Consistency the King was desirous to meet this Illustrious Body in Parliament to close those distances and separations and redintegrate the mutual affections endearments and natural kindnesses which the unnaturalness and perverse malignity of the times had by our Divisions abrupted and hitherto discontinued the King had promised so much at the Dissolution of the late Free-Parliament or Convention and accordingly issued out His Writ soon after for their sitting down the Eighth of May a little before which several Musters had been made in England of the Militia and a General Train in London in Hide-Park of Horse and Foot Fourteen Regiments whereof the King was pleased to view there In these Elections it appeared how much a Commonwealth or those Actions which were pretended to be done by the People in Parliament by a few modulers thereof were ever approved for not such a man had a Voyce and the Election of the Free Parliament gave little Encouragement to stand for it the main stickling was between the Episcopal and Presbyterian Parties and even that numerous Party as was said by themselves found how much they were mistaken in the Suffrages of the Kingdome when under no awe nor in the phrensy of misguised Zeal several Letters were intercepted from the chief Ministers of that Perswasion exhorting their Correspondents to do their utmost for favourable Elections to their Discipline and that very confidently after the choyce made at London of persons the most of them of their way But nevertheless that there might not the least remain of the Government be left unjustified and unreared it so happened that far the major part of this House of Commons were not better affected to the Peace of the Kingdome than to the Restauration and Settlement of the Church To this Parliament the King with his Nobles according to the splendid custome of opening these grand Assemblies rode in State and Triumph but because so full a Narrative of such Glory hath already preceded I will not further dazile the Reader The House being met the King sent for the Commons into the House of Lords where most obligingly he declared His content in meeting them most of them being known to him that he was as confident as of any thing whatsoever that it would be a happy Parliament and in conclusion acquainted them with his Resolution of marrying the Infanta of Portugal which Match he said he had proposed to his Privy Council and they had every one highly approved it that he thought none of them would willingly have him live and dye a Batchelour and therefore he had newly made and signed a Treaty with the King of Portugal by his Ambassadour Don Francisco De Mello here Resident and now upon departure with the same Treaty in which this Article of Marriage was inserted And then my Lord Chancellour by His Order gave the Parliament a further Account of His Majesties calling them Sir Edward Turner the Dukes Attourney General was chosen Speaker for the House of Commons who in his Speech to the King expressed the hopes of the Commons that as His Majesty had manifested his great Indulgence to that Adopted so that he had a Blessing left for this his Natural Parliament These Ceremonies being over wherein the dutiful respects of the Houses answered the favour and affection of the King the Parliament proceeded to the Affairs of the Kingdome Near that very time a Parliament began in Ireland after a like happy Convention had been by his Majesties Order from their Adjournment upon his Restitution reassembled in that quality Sir Audly Mervin being chosen Speaker The Convocation of the English Clergy all eminent and most learned pious Persons met on the sixteenth of May at Westminster And the Queen of Bohemia his Majesties Aunt from a long absence of forty eight years returned to White-Hall where She was Married in One thousand six hundred and twelve to the Prince Elector Palatine He return was further signalized by the reviviscency of the memory of the most renowned Marquess of Montross whose Limbs having been set upon the Gates of four distant Cities by the Kirk and Argyles party there were taken down and in State and in all fit Solemnity and with the same Honour brought together and by his Majesties Order whose love and memory of his Servants is one of his many other Princely vertues and great evidence of the sweetness of his Nature and the resolution of the Parliament Interred with a Funeral becoming his Family and as far as such too late evidences and expressions of Grief and Honour could reach his merit his own personal Renown and Glory so much the more indeed conspicuous by the Death and deserved Execution of the Marquess of Argyle who was this Hero's mortal and spightful Enemy that now expiated by a juster Sentence those barbarous violencies he had done to Montross he cunningly defended himself and Pleaded the Kings Pardon and the Treaties in One thousand six hundred and fifty and One thousand six hundred fifty one but there were Crimes of a later date besides the never-to-be-forgotten Treachery of Selling King Charles the first to the English which Condemned him He seemed at his Death to be resolved enough and justified the Covenant and had his Head taken off with the Maiden so is the Axe called in Scotland Near the same time Mr. Iames Guthery one of the Remonstrators and a violent Adversary of the Marquess of Montross and all the Loyal party together with Captain Giffan a â—enegâ—do to Cromwel by Sentence and Decree of Parliament were Hanged in Edenburgh so far the Laws and a suffering-sense of the Miseries and Reproaches that Nation lay under by these men and their Partizans guilt did now prevail against the Dominion of the Kirk which had Inslaved and Inchanted the whole mass of that people And for a final blow as these
mens Fates did usher out what their devices had introduced as great Events never go unattended the Solemn League and Covenant first invented by Arguile and his Complices which had raised such a Combustion in the three Kingdoms was Sacrificed to the Flames by a Vote in Parliament the common Hang-man in ample manner burning it in several places in London which also was done all the Kingdom over with great Acclamations which being omitted hitherto when so often unwelcome occasion hath been given to recite it take it now in this its Mittimus A Solemn League and Covenant for Reformation and Defence of Religion c. WE Noblemen Barons Knights Gentlemen Citizens Burgesses Ministers of the Gospel and Commons of all sorts in the Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland by the providence of God living under one King and being of one Reformed Religion having before our eyes the Glory of God and the Advancement of the Kingdom of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ the Honour and Happiness of the Kings Majesty and his Posterity and the true Publick Liberty Safety and Peace of the Kingdoms wherein every ones private Condition is included And calling to minde the Treacherous and Bloody Plots Conspiracies Attempts and Practises of the Enemies of God against the true Religion and Professors thereof in all places especially in these three Kingdoms ever since the Reformation of Religion and how much their Rage Power and Presumption are of late and at this time encreased and exercised whereof the deplorable Estate of the Church and Kingdom of Ireland the distressed estate of the Church and Kingdom of England and the dangerous Estate of the Church and Kingdom of Scotland are present and publick Testimonies We have now at last after other means of Supplication Remonstrance Protestations and Sufferings for the Preservation of our selves and our Religion from utter Ruine and Destruction according to the commendable practice of these Kingdoms in former times and the example of God's People in other Nations after mature deliberation resolved and determined to enter into a Mutual and Solemn League and Covenant wherein we all subscribe and each one of us for himself with our Hands lifted up to the most High God do Swear 1. THat we shall sincerely really and constantly through the Grace of God endeavour in our several Places and Callings the Preservation of the Reformed Religion in the Church of Scotland in Doctrine Worship Discipline and Government against our Common Enemies The Reformation of Religion in the Kingdoms of England and Ireland in Doctrine Worship Discipline and Government according to the Word of God and the Example of the best Reformed Churches and shall endeavour to bring the Churches of God in the three Kingdoms to the neerest Conjunction and Vniformity in Religion Confession of Faith Form of Church-Government Directory of Worship and Catechising That we and our Posterity after us may as Brethren live in Faith and Love and the Lord may delight to dwell in the midst of us 2. That we shall in like manner without respect of persons endeavour the extirpation of Popery Prelacy that is Church-Government by Arch-Bishops Bishops their Chancellors and Commissaries Deans Deans and Chapters Arch-Deacons and all other Ecclesiastical Officers depending on that Hierarchy Superstition Heresie Schism Prophaneness and whatsoever shall be found to be contrary to Godliness and sound Doctrine and the power of Godliness left we partake in other mens sins and thereby be in danger to receive of their plagues And that the Lord may be one and his Name one in the three Kingdoms 3. We shall with the same sincerity reality and constancy in our several Vocations endeavour with our Estates and Lives mutually to preserve the Rights and Priviledges of the Parliaments and the Liberties of the Kingdoms and to preserve and defend the Kings Majesties person and Authority in the preservation and defence of the true Religion and Liberties of the Kingdoms That the World may bear Witness with our Consciences of our Loyalty that we have no thoughts or intentions to diminish his Majesties just Power and Greatness 4. We shall also with all faithfulness endeavour the discovery of all such as have been or shall be Incendiaries Malignants or evil Instruments by hindering the Reformation of Religion dividing the King from his people or one of the Kingdoms from another or making any Faction or parties amongst the people contrary to this League and Covenant that they may be brought to publick Trial and receive condigne punishment as the degree of their offences shall require or deserve or the supreme Iudicatories of both Kingdoms respectively or others having power from them for that effect shall judge convenient 5. And whereas the happiness of a blessed Peace between these Kingdoms denied in former times to our Progenitors is by the good providence of God granted unto us and hath been lately concluded and setled by both Parliaments We shall each one of us according to our place and interest endeavour that they may remain conjoyned in a firm Peace and Vnion to all Posterity and that justice may be done upon the wilful opposers thereof in manner expressed in the precedent Article 6. We shall also according to our Places and Callings in this common Cause of Religion Liberty and Peace of the Kingdoms assist and defend all those that enter into this League and Covenant in the maintaining and pursuing thereof and shall not suffer our selves directly or indirectly by whatsoever Combination Perswasion or Terrour to be divided and withdrawn from this blessed Vnion and Conjunction whether to make defection to the contrary part or to give our selves to a detestible indifferency or neutrality in this Cause which so much concerns the Glory of God the good of the Kingdoms and Honour of the King but shall all the daies of our lives zealously and constantly continue therein against all opposition and promote the same according to our power against all Lets and Impediments whatsoever And what we are not able our selves to suppress or overcome we shall reveal or make known that it may be timely prevented or removed All which we shall doe as in the sight of God And because these Kingdoms are guilty of many sins and provocations against God and his Son Iesus Christ as is too manifest by our present distresses and dangers the fruits thereof We profess and declare before God and the World our unfeigned desire to be humbled for our own sins and for the sins of these Kingdoms especially that we have not as we ought valued the inestimable benefit of the Gospel That we have not laboured for the Purity and Power thereof and that we have not endeavoured to receive Christ in our Hearts nor to walk worthy of him in our Live◠which are the Causes of other sins and transgressions so much abounding amongst 〈◊〉 and our true unfaigned purpose desire and endeavour for our selves and all others under our Power and Charge both in publick and
of Peterborough designed for that Command should arrive And for the Queens own Transportation the Royal Charles which brought the King from Holland was sent with this Fleet. In the mean while the Queen of Bohemia the King's Aunt died February 13. aged 66 years having been out of England 49 years and survived all the misfortunes of her Family which almost from the time of her Marriage in 1612. on St. Valentines day on the eve of which she now died had fallen very thick and chiefly and solely upon it She now came to her rest among her Royal Ancestors and Relations whose Glories and Honours she left more flourishing and greater than ever Her Decease was followed with a most violent and Tempestuous Winde February the 18th by which several persons were killed and much damage done in all parts of the three Kingdoms and in Forrain Countries which might give notice that all those Troubles and Calamities this Princess had suffered and by which most parts of Europe were Tempested were quite blown over and she gone to her last Repose A very unfortunate accident happened the same Month The Lord Buckhurst but now mentioned his Brother Mr. Edward Sackvile Sir Henry Bellasis Knight of the Bath Son and Heir to the Lord Bellasis Mr. Bellasis Brother to the Lord Faulconbridge and Mr. Wentworth Son to Sir George accompanying an acquaintance out of Town upon their Return being informed there were High-way men and Thieves in the Road meeting a Tanner and suspecting him for one of them after some resistance made by him killed him for this mischance they were Arraigned at the Kings Bench Bar but by the Iury quitted it not being probable that Persons of their Estates and Quality would set upon a single Person to do him injury but it might happen meerly by a mistake and good intent of freeing the Road. The Parliament had under their consideration the bringing of Lambert and Vane to their Tryal being excepted out of the Act of Oblivion as main Authors and Contrivers of those Troubles in the Rebellion and therefore desired His Majesty that he would be pleased to send for them from their remote Prisons they were in that they might be brought to Tryal that such bold Treasons might not pass with impunity On the other hand that they might testifie their acknowledgments to the Duke of Albemarle of his great merit and services in the Redemption of his Country they by Act now resolved to settle some Mannors and Lands upon him and confirmed the Kings Grants and Patents or what should afterwards by Grants or Patents be conferred on him The Duke of Ormond was likewise presented with the sum of Thirty thousand pounds in Bills of Exchange as a gratuity from the Parliament of Ireland in respect of the Services he had done that Kingdome in the same capacity before where also the Bill of settlement of Lands was the sole Affair in Debate the difficulty about Claims of the English and Irish intricating and perplexing the Bill so that the Dukes presence was very much desired as by whose prudence understanding and competent knowledge together with his equal relation to both Parties that tedious Work could only be accommodated which brings with it the conclusion of the year 1661 the 14 th year of the King Anno Domini 1662. THE beginning of this and the end of the last year was remarkable with a very notable Providence which for the more compact account of it is totally referred hither It hapned that among other the Fugitives for the parricidial Conspiracy in the Death of the King Miles Corbet Colonel Okey and Col. Barkstead which had traversed most parts of Low and some of High Germany where they had for a while resided at the City of Hanow under borrowed names about the beginning of March were returned to Delf in Holland having appointed their Wives to meet them there to understand their Affairs in England but these their Letters being intercepted and opened by the vigilance of Sir George Downing His Majesties Resident at the Hagâ—e they were all three taken together at Barkstead's and Okey's Lodging just as Corbet after Supper was going home by the Thief-takers and the Marshal of that Town Okey offered a resolute Escape Barkstead denyed himself and desired he might fetch his Cloak in the next Room Corbet as he said having taken Physick that day fell a Purging upwards and downwards in a very strange manner Sir George himself was present at the seizure and had them that Night secured in the common and ordinary Prison and thence conveyed them by the States order on Board the Blackmore Frigot then accidentally at Helveâ—t-Sluce having only brought over Mr. Armorer sent from the King to the Lords upon special occasions About the end of March they came to Gravesend where Sir Iohn Robinson Lieutenant of the Tower by Warrant from his Majesty with a Guard carried them to the Tower whence on the 16th of April they were brought to the Kings Bench Bar and there demanded what they could say for themselves why they should not die according to Law the Act of Attainder being read to them To which they alledged they were not the same persons mentioned therein whereupon Witnesses being ready were called and a Jury impannelled who gave verdict that they were the same persons and so the Lord Chief Justice Foster proceeded to Sentence which was the same with the former complices and sufferers for that Fact and was Executed on Saturday April the 19 at Tyburn where they with better ends than any of the rest acknowledged their resolved acquiescence under the Kings Government as of God and exhorted others to do so especially Colonel Okey a person that for his valour and other good qualities was pitied by all men for his being so blinded and ensnared in this Crime to his destruction They all pretended no malice to his late Majesty and their mistake of the Parliaments Authority for good and sufficient They were all three Hanged Bowelled and Quartered but his Majesty was graciously pleased out of regard to Colonel Okey's Christian and dutiful carriage to return his Quarters to his Friends to be interred which was done in the Chappel of the Tower by the Rites appointed in the Common-Prayer to prevent the unruly concourse of the Fanaticks who assembled in multitudes to accompany his Corps insomuch that the Sheriffs were forced to disperse them Barkstead's and Corbet's quarters were set upon the Gates the Head of the former upon a Pole on Traytors Gate in the Tower and Corbet's on London-Bridge For this kindeness and civility of the Dutch States the King ordered his Resident to thank them in his Name from which parts several of the Fanaticks that fled thither upon the Kings Restitution about this time travelled into Germany an invitation being published from one of the Princes there for all Nations to come and inhabit with full priviledges and immunities certain waste places of his
room But now to take the charge from-both the Lord Roberts arrives at Dublin Upon the news of this change the Lord Mayor and Aldermen the Provost of the Colledge the Dean of Christ-Church and most of the Clergy attended the Lord Ossory where the one acknowledged the many benefits which the City had received from the Government of his Father and himself the other the many benefits which the Church had enjoy'd as well by their good Examples as by the plentiful provision made them by the Clergy The reception of the new Lord-Deputy was intended to have been made with much State and Solemnity but he waving those publick Honours met the Lord-Deputy and the Council at the Council-Chamber the same Evening after his arrival where after he had taken the usual Oath the Lord-Deputy deliver'd him the Sword He was no fooner enter'd upon his Government but he issu'd out a Proclamation commanding all Governors and Officers to repair to their several Charges and Duties not admitting any dispâ—nsation to the contrary London had long layn in Ashes and the Confluence of all the World had been as long confin'd within the narrow limits of a Colledge-Court but now again the Merchants to their great satisfaction and the lasting Merits of Sir William Turner then Lord Mayor whose indâ—â—aâ—igable paâ—â— and zeal was Eminent in advancing and forwarding so great a Work met in the Royal Exchange a Fabrick equal to the Honour of the Undertakers and holding a true proportion with the rest of the Goodly Buildings of the Reviving City But now men began to listen after things a higher Nature seeing both Houses of Parliament again Assembled upon the 19th of October The King in a Speech acquainted them With his joy to see them at that time and the hopes he had of a happy meeting which he promis'd himself from the great experience he had of their Affection and Loyalty of which he did not doubt the Continuance briefly minding them of his Debts which though pressing he was unwilling to call for their Assistance till this time acquainâ—ing them also that what they last gave was wholly apply'd to the Navy and to the Extraordinary Fleet for which it was intended desiring they would now take his Debts effectually into their Consideration Afterwards hinting to them a Proposal of great Importance concerning the Vniting of England and Scotland which because it requir'd some length he left that and some other things to the Lord Keeper to open more fully which was by him done and then both Houses Adjourn'd At the beginning of November both Houses in pursuance of a Vote which they had made attended the King in the Banqueting House where the Lord Chief Justice Vaughan supplying the Room of the Lord Keeper in the name of both Houses return'd their Humble Thanks to the King for his Care of the Publick in Issuing out his Proclamation for the suppressing of Conventicles Humbly desiring his Majesty to continue the same care for the future In Reply to which his Majesty return'd an Answer to the satisfaction of both Houses But now Christmas drawing near and having sate above a Month without effecting any thing of consequence the Lords sent the Usher of the Black-Rod to the House of Commons to tell them That by Vertue of the King's Commission they desird their Attendance who Attending accordingly with their Speaker the Commission was read and the Parliament Prorogu'd till the 24th of February next ensuing At the same time that the Parliament of England sate at Westminster the Parliament of Scotland sate at Edenburgh where the Earl of Lauderdale having taken the Chair of State as Lord Commissioner of Scotland the Earls Commission was first read and then the doubtful Elections of Members refer'd to Examination That done the Kings Letter to the Parliament was twice read seconded by a shorter from the Lord Chancellor perswading them to a concurrence with the King in his Design of Uniting the Two Kingdoms Then they proceeded to Elect the Lords of the Articles the Bishops choosing Eight Bishops and those Eight Eight of the Nobility and these Sixteen making choice of Eight Knights and as many Burgesses by whom all Affairs were to be prepar'd for the House During this Session they Publish'd an Act for the Naturalization of Strangers within the Kingdom of Scotland Declaring that all Strangers of the Protestant Religion that should think fit to bring their Estates into the said Kingdom or should come to set up new Works and Manufactures therein should be Naturaliz'd as Native-Born Subjects of that Kingdom to all intents and purposes The King farther Declaring That upon application by such Strangers made to him he would grant them the free and publick use of their Religion in their own Language and the Libertie of having Churches of their own However no persons were to have the benefit of the said Act till first by Petition to the Lords of the Privy-Council containing an exact designation of their Names and places of Birth and former residences and that tâ—ey be of the Protâ—stant Religion They also made another Act asserting his Majesty's Supremacy over all persons and in all Causes Ecclesiastical By Sea little was this Year done only Sir Thomas Allen being again sent with a Squadron of Ships about the beginning of August came before Argier and sending in his Boat began to Treat they in Argier seem'd willing to make restitution of such Money as they had taken from an English ship bound for the East-Indies but not agreeing to some other demands the Treaty prov'd ineffectual thereupon he began actual Hostility seizing a Bark laden with Corn which rode in the Bay with eleven Moors and a Brigantine which he took in view of the Town From hence having done little or nothing else considerable he set sail for Tripoly the Bashaw of which place sent him an assurance of his readyness to prâ—serve Peace and a good Correspondence with the King of Great Britain And after a short crusing up and down in those Seas he return'd for Cadiz where this Year leaves him But being now so neer the English Territories at Tangier the King of England's Embassador Mr. Henry Howard must not be forgot who being sent by the King his Embassador Extraordinary to the Emperour of Morocco at that time Taffalette by vertue of his new Conquests was now arriv'd at Tangier but understanding the danger of hazarding his person among those Barbarians stay'd at that place expecting a sufficient strength to convoy and conduct him to his place of Audience In November he receiv'd his Safe-Conduct with an assurance from the Emperour that he should not fail of receiving all satisfaction in order to whatsoever he should desire for his security and that he had already caus'd Justice to be done to such as were found guilty of giving any affronts to his people And true it was that he caus'd all the English which were taken by the
Corn. After this followed the surrender of Treves to the Imperialists upon Articles of which one was That Crequy who had escaped thither from his Rout should be a Prisoner of War In September the Duke of Lorrain departed this life at Hermansteine neer Coblentz Farther off the King of Poland removed a very great Storm that threatned his Dominions by a very great overthrow of the Tartars wherein a great number of them were slain with the loss of their chief Standard which struck such a terrour into the Turks that with their Captain Ishmael Bassa they made a shameful Retreat out of the Polish Territories But the Low Countries had a worse Enemy to deal with for the Sea breaking into North-Holland the Inundation continued with that violence that many of the Cities of North-Holland had a great share of that Calamity The Harlemeer-Dyke was broken and all the Country round about lay under Water so that many of the Boors Houses were drown'd being covered with the Sea The same Fate befel South-Holland and it is said that had the Inundation continu'd 24 hours longer the whole Country would have run a hazard of being lost And thus you have an account in brief of all the most memorable Transactions since the greatest act of Providence that has been observed for many Ages The happy Restauration of his Majesty And we may aver that here is nothing but Truth if all the publick Intelligence of so many years have not fail'd This is then a Story in dead Colours it behoves them that will lay it in the lively Painting to take more pains than may be thought has here been taken and have greater helps than it was possible for us to have to make use of And therefore if there be any that with the Knowledge of a Privy-Councellor and the Eloquence of a Salust will undertake to cull out the most important Actions which are here reduc'd into order ready to his hand for some of these he must take or be silent and compile them into a judicious History we are ready to vail Bonnet in the mean time these few Sheets may pass for Common Satisfaction FINIS AN ALPHABETICAL TABLE A ABingdon-Garrison Page 70 Aberdeen and St. Andrews yielded 302 Abjuration of the King by the Rump 436 Account of the Dutch War from 315 c. to 323. Their Intrigues with forrein Princes and at home 323. of the Revenue and Charge of the Kingdom under the Vsurpation of Oliver 415 Act against proclaiming of the King 225. For Assessment 235. For sale of Cavaliers Estates ibid. Executed 303. For Marriages 351. For Irish Adventurers and Allotments 352. Several confirmed 500. Against Bishops repealed 501. Pretended of annulling the Title of the King 383 Accidents 315 Addresses how begun 67. To Cromwel upon the dissolution of the Parliament 343. To Richard 410. To the Rump from forrain Princes 423. To the Rump by the Army 422. to the King from the Nobility and Gentry of the whole Kingdom 452 Adjutators 127 forbid Adventurers for Ireland 352 Aix la Chappelle Treaty there 570 Alarm in London 403 Albans Earl 455 made Lord-Chamberlain 580 Allen Sir Thomas Lord Mayor of London 428 Allen Captain sent for the Streights 528. Allen Sir Thomas makes peace with Algiers 569. Lies before Algier 575. Algier Men of War destroyed by the English 578. Returns ibid. Albemarle's stay in London 539. General at Sea 550. One of the Commissioners of the Treasury 563. Dies 575. His Dutchess dies ibid Anabaptism the uppermost Religion 431 Andrews proclaims the Abolishing of Kingly Government and made Lord Mayor 231 Andrews Colonel beheaded 270 Anniversary Act of the King's Nativity 456 Anthony Sir Ashley-Cooper 427 Approbation of Ministers 359 Arches Triumphal 475 to 479 Ards Lord 240 Arguments for Cromwel's accepting the Kingship 386 to 390 Argyle a Privy Councellor sides with the Assembly 8. Policy and shifts 304. Marquiss seized 470. Beheaded 497 Arlington Earl sent into Holland 586. made Lord Chamberlain 599. Sent into France ibid. Armagh Arch-bishop dies 380 Armstrong Sir Thomas joyns with the Marquiss of Ormond 240 Army English very gallant and resolute 10. Parliament Army raised 36. New moduled 67. Quarrel with the Parliament about Irish Transportation and publickly declare their power over them 132. Purging the House ib. Pretend civilities to the King 132 to 136. Designe upon the City and claim the Militia 136. Declaration and insolence 140. Triumphantly through London 141. Delude the King Their Proposals 145 to 147. Suppress a Rising in London 170. Quarter in London Whitehal and the Mews 192. And force the Parliament ibid. Shipt for Ireland at Milford-Haven 237. English advance into Scotland 268. Face the Scots 272. Remonstrance to Richard 416. Their address to the Rump 422. Their representation to the Rump 428. New moulded by Lambert 429. Declaration upon outing the Rump ibid. Their Address joyfully receiving the King's Declaration 466. Disbanded 456 Array Commission 27 Articles of Scotch Cessation 15 Arundel Earl made General of the English 9 Arundel Castle taken by Sir William Waller 56 Ascham slain in Spain 236 Ashley Sir Bernard at Naseby 79. Mortally Wounded at Bristol 84 Ashley Sir Jacob defeated at Stow in the Wold 96. Deserts Newcastle 13 Ashby de la Zouch 97 Ashburnham Mr. John 99 Ashbâ—â—nham Mr. William 148 Aske Iudge 254 Assembly General indicted and meet by their own Authority packt and made up oâ— Lay-Elders refuse the Bishops to sit buâ— cite them to answer as Guilty dissolved within 7 days but continue nevertheless 8. Assembly of Divines 69. General in Scotland 325 Ashton Colonel Edward Quartered 404 Aston Sir Arthur Governour slain at Drogheda 244 Aubigny Lord 41. His Lady 47 Aurange Prince the Kings great Friend 235 dies and a new Prince born 276. Christned 282. Old Prince buried 284. His Interest in Holland 323 Avignon Sedition there 533. Peace composed 570 Axtel Guards the High Court of Iustice 205 Ayscue Sir George at Barbadoes 306. Returns to Plymouth 322. At Dover ibid. In danger Engageth De Ruyter at Plymouth and discharged 323. Prisoner 551 B Badajox Marquiss killed 383 Balmerino Lord his Treason 4 Baggot Kath. Ballishanon 241 242 251 Banbury 108 Barnstable 99 106 Barbadoes reduced 306. Wonder 526. Attempted by De Ruyter 537. Lord Willoughby wounded there 537. Sails from thence with a Fleet 557. Lost in a Hurricane ibid. The Bridge-town burnt there 568. Barbadoes Conspiracy 602. A Hurricane there 602 Barâ—bone denominates a Parliament 350. His Petition 437 Barons created 482 Baronets Catalogue 493 to 496 Bastwick Burton Pryn return from Banishment in great state 16 Bastwick Dr. of Physick Burton a Minister against Bishops c. 2 Basing-house Besieged by Waller in vain 62 Taken 91 BATTLES Edge-hill 40. Newberry first 50.51 Newberry second 65.66 Marston-moor 59. Tepper-moor Alderne Kilsith Philipshaugh in Scotland 73. Naseby 78 to 80. Lamport 82. Routon-heath 89. Colonel Jones defeated near Dublin 164. Defeats Lord Preston with a huge slaughter soon after at
it 340. Dumb one meets 362. Another pretended Parliament 382. Memberr excluded ibid. In a full House with the Other House 398 399. Dissolved 401. One called by Richard their Transacting with him and the Other House and the Army 413 to 418. The Long one dissolved 439. Most gladly and reverendly reecive the Kings Letters 445. Their resolves thereupon 446. Their affairs before the King's return 453. They say hold on his Majesties Declaration from Breda 454. Dissolved 470. Another meet by the Kings Writ 496 Parliament 519.520 Prorogued 523 527. Meet 530. Prorogued 532. Meet at Oxford 542. Prorogued 543. Their Thanks to the Vniversity ibid. Prorogued 545 549. Meet 555. Vote a supply ibid. Prorogueâ— and meet 563. Adjourn 564. Meet 566. Adjourn 568. Adjourn ibid. Prorogued 569. Meet and Prorogued 574. Meet 576. Adjourned 577. Prorogued 580. They make an address about English Manufactures 580. Prorogued 581. Adjourned 587. Meet 589. Adjourned 590. Meet and prorogued 591. Meet 602. Prorogued ibid. Meet again ibid. Parliament of Scotlaud 524 526. Proceed against Nonconformists 545. Meet at Edinburgh 574. Pass the Act for a Treaty of Vnion 577 Parliament in Ireland 545 Patrick Pursel Irish Maj. Gen. his treachery and cowardise 241 Pauw Embassador from Holland 227. Dies 324 Piercy James pretends to the Earldom of Northumberland 590 Piercy Capt. Executed 578 Pembroke Siege 172 Pen Sea-Capt. 293. Sea-General 369 376 Pennington and Pym 36. Pym dieth 56 Penâ—eâ—â—is-castle 111 Pendruddock's Insurrection c. 367. Tried and Beheaded 372 Perth in Scotland five Articles 3 Petitions from Essex Surrey c. for peace 172 Petition and Advice 393 Phanatick Plots 500 512 Phelim O Neal Irish General 21 Phenix lost 328. Regained 330 Philips Young Stubs Baker and two Gibs Executed 513 Piedmont story of a Massacre 373 â—â—ague in the Loyal-Irish Provinces 242 〈◊〉 ships taken by Sir Richard Stainer 383 〈…〉 tentiaries of the Rumpin the Sound 462 〈…〉 tentiaries return from Cologne 599 Plot pretended against the Protector 358. Another started 403. vide Cavalier Plot in Ireland 520. Plotters Executed 545 Plot in England 520. Plotters tryed 521. Executed ibid. More Plotters 549. Condemned and Executed 550 Pontefract-Castle 72. Dâ—livered 131 Poland King his ill success 545. Polanders revolt 546 549. Make peace with the Tartars 568. The King resignes 571. Several pretend to the Crown ibid. New King Elected 577. New dissentions there 590. King dies 596. Defeats the Turks ibid. Popham Sea-General dies 303 Pope and King of France quarrel 524. Agree 525. Popes Iustice 571. Dies 577. A new one chosen 579 596 Popish Priests Banished 578 599. Orders against popish Priests ibid Porta Ferina Fight 374 Porto Longone fight between the Dutch and Capt. Badily 328 Portsmouth taken 39 Portugueze murthered 522 Portugal Embassador to the new English States 277. Concludes a peace 332. Concludes a League ibid. His Brother Dâ—n Pontaleon Sa Beheaded for what 361. That King dies 383 Portugal Match declared by the King 497 Portugal routs the Spaniard 526. Victory 533 546. Invade Spain 547. At peace with Spain 570. Prince of Portugal made Regent 572 Potter Condemned 290 Powel and Laughorn saved ibid. Power onely in the people 225 Poyntz Col. 89 91 139 143. Poyer Col. shot to death 231 Prentices Tumult 568 Presbyterian Government established for three years 125. Ministers own not the Parliament 255. Seized by the Council of State 290 Presbytery tending to an establishment 439 Presbyterians endeavour a Toleration 511 Pride and Hewson and Sir Hardress Waller force the Houses 192 Private Bills pass'd by the King 509 Prizes taken from the Dutch 322 Proclamation of the King 's Privy Council slighted in Scotland 5 7. Of the King for the Kings Iudges to render themselves 454 Of twenty miles to Rump Officers 511. Against Papists 565 Propositions to the King at Colbrook on his march to London 41. Made for tryal of the King by the Iuncto 194 195. Protestants in Savoy 526 Pryn writes agaidst Bishops and Ceremonies put in the Pillory for it 2. Meets the Rump 420 Publick Faith 37 Putten Van his fall 589 Q Qualifications made by the Rump of all such to bold Offices 421 Quarter free 156 Quarrel the state of it between the Scots and Cromwel 271 Queen-Mother Mary de Medicis coming to England taken for Ominous why 9 Queen with the Princess of Aurange for Holland carries the Crown-Iewels 27. Lands in Burlington-Bay 42. Endangered by shot proclaimed Traitor 44. Meets the King at Edgâ—â— hill 43. Goes for security from Oxford to Exeter 57. From thence to France 58 Queen-mother arriâ—â—s 〈◊〉 England 469. Departs Returns 4â—â— Returns for France 539. Dies 573. Queen of Bohemia likewise dies 504 Queen Catherine â—mbarkes from Lisbon 507. Arrives aâ— â—â—â—â—â—mouth 508. At Hampton-court 509. To White-hall ibid. R Ragland-Castle 109 110 111. Duke of Richmond with the King 132 147 Rainsborough tur 〈…〉 of the Navy by the Sea-men 〈…〉 at Doncaster 193 Ramsey Colâ— 42 Rea Lord defeatâ—◠〈◊〉 â—â—otland 233 Reâ—â—â—ng besieged and rendred 43 〈…〉 in Ireland 20 to 25. The Rebels proclaimed Traitors 26 Recognition-Act and expedient for it the Army jar-with Richard 414 Red-house stormed 272 Remedies proper against late troubles 508 Remonstrance a second of the Parliament worse than the former 35 Armies villaâ—â—â— Remonstrance first against the King 185 186. The Module of our ruine 136 Remonstrance of the Western Scots 280 Remonstrants their folly 304 Repeal of Act against Bishops 501 Resolution of Parliament in answer to the Kings Declaration 51â— Restitution of King and Kingdom 444 Revocation and Impropriation-Act in Scotland original of those troubles â—â—4 Reynolds Commissary-General in â—reland his actions 310 Reynolds Col. Knighted 373. Meets the Duke of York 397. Sent for by Cromwel there upon and cast away ibid. Reynoldson Lord-mayor refuseth to proclaim the Act against Kingly Government fined Imprisoned and degraded 231 Richard Protector 409. his advice and Councellors ibid. Proclaimed a story of his guards 413. Calls a Parliament ibid. Offered terms by the King his suspence 417. Consents to a Commission and Proclamation to dissolve the Parliament 317. Layd aside by the Army in danger of arrest and hides himself 418. Gives a transcript of his debts resolveth and promiseth to acquiesce under the Rump 422 Richlieu intermeddles with the Scotch War 9 Riches Regiment of Horse mutiny at Bury 438 Richmond Duke diâ—s 589 Riot at Lambeth-house Riâ—ers rescued 12 13 Roberts Lord for the Parliament Deputy of Ireland 573 De la Roche taken 5â—â— Roch David defeated vide Broughil â—â—â— Rochester Earl at Ratisbone Diet in Gerâ—â—â—ny 329 Rolf treacherously intends to murther 〈◊〉 King 16â— Rosa Canonized at Rome 57â— Ross in Ireland yielded by Luke Taaff â—â— Cromwel 2â—â— Rothes Earl L. Commissioner in Scotland 5â—â— Rous Francis Speaker to the little Parl. 349 Rudyard Sir Benjamin a Patriot â—36 De Ruyter at mouth of Channel 326 Ruines of St. Pauls â—â—4 Rump 419. Debar the secluded Me 〈…〉 Derivation of the Rump
Impeachment of high treason against the Earl of Strafford he is committed and Sir George Ratcliff sent for out of Ireland Dr. Williams Bishop of Lincoln released Mr. Pryn Dr. Bastwick and Mr. Burton received by the Londoners in pomp Sir John Finch Lord Keeper and Francis Windebanck Secretary of State charged with high treason they withâ—rew John James a Romish Catholique stabs Iustice Howard in Westminster-Hall The Case of Shipmoney stated The Iudges opinions thereupon Shipmoney vâ—tâ—d illegal The Iudgment of the Excheqâ—â—r agâ—inst Mr. Hambden vacated Mr. Hollis delivers a Charge against the A.B. Cant. the Scots do the like he is voted guilty of high treason and committed The King signs the Bill for Triennial Parliaments The Houses oppose Bishops temporal jurisdiction The Earl of Straffords Tryal Sir David Fowls and Sir William Pennyman witnesses against the Earl the last of whom wept He is condemned as guilty of high treason The faction make a hideous cry of Iustice. The King with much reâ—uctancy signs the Bill of Attainder A notable remarque concerning Sir Alexander Carew Those Bishops that consented to the Earls death escaped not the fury of the times Prince of Orange warries the Princess Mary Sir Dudley Carleton the Earls Secretary brings him word of his Majesties having passed the Bill of Attainder Life in Mr. Lloyds Memoires The English Army disband the Scotch receive a vast sum of money and return home The King visits his Parliament of Edinburgh The Earl of Leicester made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland The Parliament adjourned The faction encreaseth and grows strong The King settles the affairs of Scotland A Rebellion in Ireland The King returns from Scotland and is magnificently received at London The faction sâ—anderously charge the King and Arch-B Cant. with inclining to Popery Walker an Iron-monger thâ—ows a Libel into the Kings 〈◊〉 he is impriâ—oned Sir Richard Gurney Lord Mayor of London Most of the Irish Nobility revolted Sir Phelim Oneal their chief commandâ—r A full account of the Irish Rebellion and proceedings of the War there Roger Moor the chief instrument in the plot The Lord Viscount Gormanston one of their complices Owen O Conally discovers the Plot. Iuâ—â—ice Parsons and Sir Jo. Borlace double their Watches Mac Mahon and Mac-Guire their Lodgings watched Mac Mahon and his men after some resistance are sâ—cured and confess the Plot. The Lord Mac-guire seized The Council warn the people of the Rebellion by Proclamation The Lord Blaweys House Wife and Children surprised The Newry surprized with several other places of strength The Rebels take Dundalk besiege Tredagh They commit horrid Massacres in sundry places 1800 Pâ—rsons drowned 150000 Persons destroyed in the Province of Ulster only in five moâ—ths time Sir Phelim Oneal defeatâ—d at Duâ—dalk Dublin in great streights A Regiment raised for Sir H. Titchburn another for Sir Charles Coot Expresses sent to the King the Lord Lieutenant and the Parliament Owen O Conally rewarded with 200 l. in money and a pension of 200 l. per anum The Earl of Ormond Lieu. Gen. marched to Dublin with divers other Captains Major Roper with 600 Foot to Tredagh With 50 Horse under Sir Pat. Weems surprized by the Rebels and routed Some Rebels executed at Wicklo Luke Tool encounters Sir Charls Coote and is puâ— to flight The Lords and Gentry of the English Pale declare for the Roman Catholick Religion The Rebels in Lemster 20000 strong Sir Simon Harcourt arrives with a Regiment at Tredagh The Rebels are disheartned and defeated by Sir Henry Titchburn who recovered Dundalk Sir Phelim O Neal escapes to Ulster Sir George Monro recovers Newry and do's the Rebels much damage Tumults from London affront the King and Court Sir William Mason heads the Gentlemen of Grays-Inne to White-Hall prostering them and himself to his Majesty as a guard for his person The King receives them with respect The Tumultuous rabble countenanced by some Grandees of the faction Whereat the King is much troubled He demands five Members of the House of Commons and the Lord Kimbolton The House vote it a breach of priviledge They accuse several Bishops as guilty of high Treason They are Committed The Irish are proclaimed Rebels The King declares his charge against the five members The Parliament imprisons Sir Edw. Herbert The Tumults increase and the King retires to Hampton-Court A rumour concerning the Lord Digby Col. Lunsford committed The Scots interpose themselves the Parliament demands the Tower and the Militia Buckinghamshire men petition in behalf of Mr. Hambden The King leaves Hampton-Court the Queen and Princess of Aurange take ship for Holland The Parliament vote the Queen a Traytor The Militia the principal difference between King and Parliament The Commission of Arry An Ordinance of Parliament for ordering the Militia The Parliament send several Papers to the King The King is much troubled thereat and answers The Parliament declare their resolution of putting the Kingdom into a posture of defence The Earl of Warwick made Admiral of England The King answers the Parliaments Declation with another He offers a free Pardon to his people and propounds a râ—â—â—â—ciliation The faction set forth another Declaration concerning the Militia The King sends a Message to the Parliament concerning Ireland They plead the priviledge of Parliament The King proclaims against Papists The Yorkshire Gentry desire a right understanding between King and Parliament The King returns a gratious answer He resolving to go for Ireland sends a Message to the Parliament Sir John Hotham admitted into Hull The Parliament Petition the King for the Militia they insist upon the dangers of Popery Hull is Garrison'd and the King is troubled that they should Petition him and at the instant carve at their one pleasures He excuseth his repriving of some Iâ—suites The Parliament refuse to be governed by Commissioners in his Majesties absence The King resolves to possess himself of Hull But is denyed entrance by Sir John Hotham who stood on the Walls and â—eard himself proclaimed a Traytor The Duke of York and Prince â—lector bring in the Town are suffered to depart The King retreatâ—d to Beverly writes to the Mayor and Garrison of Hull And to the Parliament for Iâ—â—tice against Hotham Tâ—e Parliament order the Lord Liâ—â—tenant of Lincoln to â—uppress all Forcâ—s raiâ—ed against Hull Sir Richard Gurney Loâ—d Mayor 〈◊〉 London sent to the Tower The Parliament Authorize Sir John Hotham to raise the Trained Bands The King sâ—mmons the Gâ—ntry of York for the security of his Person The Parliament Conclude the K. intendeth War They take up Arms â—nder preâ—ence of râ—scuing the King from his evil Couâ—sel and prohibit all resort to the King They publish a Râ—monstrance Which is answâ—red by the King Theâ—â—aviâ—e the Scots to their 〈◊〉 Thâ— Scoâ—s pretend a zâ—al for his Majesty bâ—t deâ—â—aâ—â— for the Parliament and have their thanks Tâ—e Parliament set forth another Remonstrance which the King answers They send him 19 Propositions to York The King returns an answer
Elections for the Free-Parliament St. John stickles in the Council of State for Propositions and Terms with the King A Convention in Ireland A Letter sent to the Rump by the King Lambert escapes from the the Tower April 11. Defeated and taken Apr. 22. Lambert proposeth the restoring of Rich. Protector Lambert dismayed and taken Apr. 22. A free-Free-Parliament April 22. The Restitution of the King and Kingdom The renowned General the happy instrument of the Restitution The Duke of Ormond the next The King the great Agent All the Loyal Nobility and Gentry And of some formerly engaged against it The King departs to Breda from Brussels Complemented upon his departure Dispatches the L. Mordaunt and Sir John Greenvil from Breda His Majesty's Letter and Declaration was brought Contents of the Declaration Received most hoâ—ourably by the Parliament Parliament resolves thereupon Sir John Greenvil rewarded with a 500 l. Iewel The City of London express the like The Army the same The Fleet also and Dunkirk The Rump's Arms defaced Parliament Resolves towards the King's Restitution Commissioners arrived at the Hague The King prepares to dâ—part King Charles the Second Solemnly Proclaimed The Dutch magnificent Treatment of the King Sir Samuel Moreland and Sir George Downing Duke of York aboard the Fleet. The King departs for England The Speech of the States thereupon The King departs and embarques The King Embarques for England May 23. Lands at Dover May 25. The General meets him at his arrival The King rides to Canterbury The King rides to Canterbury To Rochester at Col. Gibbons To Dartford receives the Declaration of the Army The manner of His Majesties entrance into London The Earl of Manchester's Speech to the King The joy of the City Affairs 〈◊〉 home And in Ireland The King and the Dukes to the House of Lords The King comes to the Parliament and passeth several Acts. A Proclamation for the King's Iudges to render themselves Other persons excepted out of the Act of Oblivion Hutchinson and Lassels crave Pardon Parliament lay hold on his Majesties Declaration from Breda The General dignified with the Title of D. of Albemarle Several Dignities and Offices conferred Fee-farm rents resigned Lord Jermyn Earl of St. Albans Embassador into France Prince de Ligne Count de Soissons Embassador hither Act oâ— Oblivion passed Duke of Gloucester dies Sept. 13. Princess of Orange arrives Sept. Episcopacy re-established The Kings Iudges brought to Tryal Oct. 9. Harrison Waller Heveningham with Adrian Scroop c. Harrison tried Oct. 11. Sir Heneage Finch opens the Indictment The Sentence Col. Adrian Scroop Carew tryed Scot tryed Octob. 12. Gregory Clement Colonel Iones Cook October â—3 Peters Octob. 13. Daniâ—l Axtel Colonel Hacker William Hewlet Daniel Harvey Isaac Pennington Henry Marten Gilbert Millington Alderman Tichburn Owen Roe Robert Lilburn Mr. Smith Downs Potter Garland c. Vincent Potter August Garland Simon Meyn James and Peter Temple Tho. Wayt. Sir Hardress Waller Harrison Executed Carew Executed John Cook Hugh Peters Executed Thomas Scot Gregory Clement Adrian Scroop and John Jones Executed Francis Hacker and Daniel Axtel Executed Toâ— dye impinitent as to the Fact * Cook the Solicitor Hugh Peters 's stupidity Prisoners that came in upon Proclamation respited Queen Mother arrives in England The Parliament re-assemble Argyle committed Princess of Aurange dies Decemb 24. Parliament Dissolved Princess of Aurange her Funeral Decemb. 26. Sejanus ducitur unco spectandus gaudent omnes quae labra quis illis vultus erat Cromwel Ireton and Bradshaw dig'd up and hang'd c. Venner 's Insurrection There were two Executed in Cheap-side the same day Prichard the Cow-keeper and another of them Sir Arthur Hazelrig dies Mr. Crofton committed The Kingâ—s passage through London to his Coronation The Oath of the Knights of the Bath Creation of Earls and Barons at the same time The Kings procession to the Abbey The Dukes of Norfolk and Somerset were restored by Act of Parliament 12 year Caroli Secundi * James Butler Duke of Ormond was Created Earl of Brecnock Baron Butler of Lawthy A new Parliament May 8. Portugal Match mentioned by the King to the Parliament The Queen of Bohemia returns into England The Marquess of Montross enterred in State May 11. Arguile beheaded May aâ— and Guthrey and Giffâ—n Hang'd June 1 Plots and Designes laid by the Fanaticks Sir Charles Lucas re-interred with Solemnity Jun. 7. Several Laws confirmed and made c. Mr. Pryn questioned c. Mr. Pryn questioned by the House Acts against Bishops repealed Lord Munson Sir Henry Mildmay and Wallop sentenced Parliament adjourned July 30 to Nov. 02. The King is entertained at the Inner Temple by Sir Heneage Finch The Lords Spiritual restored Regicides before the House of Lords November John James Hanged and Quartered Novemb. 27. Sir Charles Coot died December A Council of the Principality of Wales re-established at Ludlow Episcopacy established in Scotland The King reflects on the ruine of St. Pauls London Fatality among the Clergy Another Fleet for Portugal and Tangier Queen of Bohemia dies Feb. 13. A Storm Feb. 18. An unfortunate Accident happened to the Lord Buckhurst and others Lambert and Vane ordered to Tryal The General honoured c. Miles Corbet Colonel Okey and Barkstead taken in Holland sent over to the Tower Sentenced and Executed Ap. 2. Col. Okey 's body giâ—en to his Friends Acts of Parliament passed An account of the Marriage of the King c. The Queen reReimbarques April 13. The Duke of York at Sea to attend the Queens Arrival with the Duke oâ— Osmond c. Queen Arrives May 13. The King stays to give his consent to Bills Preparing The Nature of several private Bills King at Portsmouth Queen at Hampton-Court Lord Lorn pardoned by the King Tangiers condition Sir Henry Vane and Colonel Lambert Condemned Sir Henry Vane Executed June 1â— A Proclamation for Twenty miles againt Rump Officers Presbyterians endeavours for Toleration Forces sent under the Earl of Inchequeen to Assist the King of Portugal Duke of Ormond arrived in Ireland Gloucester Walls c. Demolished Dunkirk returned to the French King October Dr. John Berkerhead Knighted A Plot discovered Philips Tongue Gibs and Stubs Executed December 22. Embassadors with Presents from Russia Mr. Calamy Committed Lord Warreston in the Tower Declaration of the King and Resolutions of the Parliament Parliament begins esuits banish Campeach takâ—â— Irish Plot. Earl of â—otâ—es Commissioner in Scotland Bills passed by Commission Mr. Rycaut comes from Constantinople Jersey a new 〈◊〉 Northern Plot discovered Plotters â—ri'd Executed Turner tryed and hanged A Printer tried and executed Others Pillori'd and Fined A remarkable proviâ—ence A barbarous murther committed by a Portugueze Servant upon his Master The Lord Holles Embassador to the French King June Iudge Mallet by reason of his age dispenced with and Sir John Keeling sworn in his place Dr. Bramhal departs this life Gayland assaults Tangier Reâ—reats with 〈◊〉 Makes another Attack but is forc'd to
Bishoprick and Deanery but he was of too great a spirit to relinquish either of them as being places conferred on him by Patent from his bountiful Master King Iames and so chose to pay the aforesaid fine which upon a new score was soon after doubled These harsh proceedings against him so exasperated his mind that in the troubles ensuing he openly sided with the Parliament In effect this whole years revolution as to matters of importance was concerned in Episcopacy But this smoak and smother in England concerning Ceremonies broke out into fire in Scotland these petty and particular discontents here being blown up there into a National dislike and abhorrence of them so that this here was but the forerunner of that conflagration there which afterwards laid waste Three Kingdoms And because of the remarkable and strange eruption and effects of it I think fit to give those Scotish Troubles their particular Narrative connext and intire together Which here follows The Troubles and Tumult in Scotland about the Service-Book Book of Canons High-Commission and Episcopacy THe great and long designed Union of the two Kingdoms of England and Scotland had taken its desired effect by the assumption of King Iames the Sixth to this Crown and the National feud between the two people thereof well allayed if not wholly extinguished being both as one body under one supream Head and Governour That King at his departing from that his Native Kingdom had left it in a very flourishing condition as ever it boasted of the State well provided for by wholsom Laws and the management thereof committed to the prudentest and most honourable of the Nobility the Church-Regiment under a godly and a learned Orthodox Episcopacy reverenced and well accepted by the people All things both in Church and State being well ordered supported and maintained by that accession of power and greatness to their Soveraign in this Kingdom that Nation continued in a firm and unvariable quiet till about the middle of the Reign of King Charles the first of blessed memory by whom as also by his Royal Father several endeavours were used for the better strengthning and perpetuating the Union aâ—oresaid by conforming the Discipline of that Church to the pattern of this Religion being the most sure and indissolvable tie and mutual security In the time of King Iames those memorable Five-Articles were made by the Assembly at Perth whereby the High-Commission the Book of Canons and other Rites and Ceremonies were introduced and established By King Charles the First the Book of Service or Common-Prayer was endeavoured likewise to be brought in it having constantly been used for twenty years before in his Majesties own Royal Chappel in that Kingdom before his Majesties Ministers of State and the Nobility and Gentry attending them And now all things appeared Retro sublapsa referri to precipitate into Confusion and Disorder the period of that peace was come which had so long blest that Kingdom Not that really and singularly that Book was the cause of those Commotions but accidentally ministring the male-contents of that Kingdom an occasion of revolt and disloyalty For the seeds of that Sedition were sown by the Plotters of the Covenant which was afterwards so magnified under the pretence of Religion long before any of the grievances or pretended innovations in Religion complained of by them were ever heard amongst them The true Original of these Tumults was a Revocation made by King Charles the first of such things as had passed away in prejudice of the Crown especially by some of the late Princes in their minorites by this course some of the principal Contrivers of this Covenant found their Estates within the danger of the Laws And though the King to rectifie that proceeding of his had made appear his clemency in waving all the advantages which the Laws afforded him not one of his Subjects being damnified by the said Revocation yet for all this the principal persons laboured a disaffection to the Government laying the envy of procuring that Revocation upon the Prelates who in this were as innocent as the thing it self onely because they hoped that the very name of Church-men or Religious persons should in the point of Faction have that operation with their followers which they conceived the Church or Religion it self might have had if they could have seen how to have perswaded them that by this Revocation either of them had been endangered Other things there were relating to the Ministers themselves the Gentry and their Farmers who paid the Tythes to the Nobility being the burthen of Impropriations This the King thought to remedy by granting out a Commission to a great number of the prime of all estates and degrees to relieve if they should see cause both the Ministers and others who suffered by that grievance This Commission was called The Commission of Superiority and Tythes which effected as to the agrieved its intended effect and for which all possible thanks were rendred to his Majesty Nor were the most of the Nobility unsensible of the advantage by this means to matter of profit but they fretted privately for being robbed of that Lordliness over the Clergy and Laity which by right of Tythe they enjoyed and therefore had recourse to the former fetch of making the Bishops when indeed it was obtained by the importunity of Clergy and Laity the Procurers also of this Commission The last ingredient to this bitter Cup which was prepared in Scotland for the three Nations was matter of Honour and Title For the King going to his Coronation there in 1631. a Parliament being called to honour the same wherein an Act passed that gave his Majesty power to appoint such Vestures for Church-men which he should hold most decent and another for ratifying all Acts heretofore made concerning the established Religion and the liberties and priviledges of the Church his Majesty finding some principal men who were suitors at the same time for the Dignities aforesaid dissenters to the confirmation and allowance of the said Acts did not confer such expected Honours but passed those by and justly advanced more Loyal persons at which they then muttered but mutined not till his Majesties departure Then they with Seditious private Libels taxed this Parliament with prevarication and obliquity in their proceedings as if it had been pack'd and also that the voyces were not truly numbred but that some Acts were past without plurality of Votes This being sifted by the Kings Privy Council there the Author was known who fled but the principal engager the Lord Balmerino was apprehended His Father had been raised by King Iames to his Barony and Fortune but for the most ungrateful of Treasons was condemned by his Peers His Son at his time fell into the same crime and condemnation but both by their Majesties favour and clemency restored to Life Honour Liberty and Estate But all these devices could not serve
their turn without Religion and such specious pretences were pleaded to the subversion of the Government therefore the Service-Book opportunely offering it self though in 1616. at Aberdeen a piece very like it had passed by the General Assembly onely altered in some places lest in totidem verbis some factious spirits might have misconstrued it as a badge of dependance of that Church upon England to the prejudice of the Laws and Liberties and by their own Bishops afterwards and revised by the King who observed many of that Nation reverently here to use it and also that it had been read in the Koyal Chappel in Scotland as aforesaid being enjoyned to be read on Easter-day 1637. in Edinburgh but deferred for some reasons though no opposition appeared then till the twenty third of Iuly on that day such a Tumult and Riot happened the heads of the vulgar being secretly prepossest as deep waters run smoothest till they come to some breach as for everlasting notice and memorial of so paltry an introduction to the grandest and miraculous change and subversions which followed it is here briefly though satisfactorily transcribed ON the Twenty third of July being Sunday according to publique warning given the Sunday before the Service-Book was begun to be read in Edinburgh in St. Giles Church called the Great Church where were present as usual many of the Privy Council both the Archbishops and other Bishops the Iustices and the Magistrates of Edinburgh No sooner was the Book opened by the Dean of Edinburgh but a number of the vulgar most of them women with clapping of their bands cursing and outcries raised such a barbarous hubbub in the place that none could bear or be heard The Bishop of Edinburg who was to Preach stept into the Pulpit which is immediately above the place where the Dean was to read intending to appease the Tumult by putting them in minde of the sacredness of the place and of the horrible prophanation thereof But then the rabble grew so enraged and mad that if a stool aimed to be thrown at him had not been providentially diverted by the hand of one present the life of that Prelate had been endangered if not lost The Archbishop of St. Andrews the Lord Chancellor with divers others offering to appease the multitude were entertained with such bitter curses and imprecations that not being able to prevail with the people the Provost Bailiffs and divers others of the Council of the City were forced to come down from the Gallery on which they usually sit and with much ado in a very great Tumult and confusion thrust out these disorderly people making fast the Church-doors After all which the Dean proceeded to read Service which was devoutly performed being assisted by the Lords and the Bishops then present Yet the clamor rapping at Church-doors and throwing of stones in at the Church-windows by the rabble without was so great that the Magistrates were constrained to go out and use their endeavours for to appease the multitude After a little pause and cessation the Bishop of Edinburgh Preached and after Sermon done in his going from Church was so invironed with a multitude of the meaner sort of people cursing and crowding him that he was near being trod to death if he had not recovered the stayrs of his Lodging where he was again assaulted and was like to have been pulled backwards if the Earl of Weems from his next Lodging seeing the Bishops life in danger had not sent his servants to rescue him who got the Bishop almost breathless into his Chamber In other Churches the Minister was forced to give over reading And so that Morning passed Between the two Sermons consultation was held how to suppress those out-rages and ' was so ordered that the Service was quietly read in St. Giles other Churches in the afternoon But yet the rabble intermitted nothing of their madness for staying in the streets at the comming home of the Earl of Roxborough the Lord Privy Seal with the aforesaid Bishop in his Coach they so fiercely assaulted him with stones that he had like to have suffered the death of the Martyr St. Stephen so that if his footmen had not kept the multitude off with their drawn Swords their lives had been very much indangered Thus the Reformation began there with such terrible profanations of the Lords day and of the Lords House an ill omen what in future would be the conclusion and this done by the same many-headed Monster that in like manner began the troubles in England nor ever was the Union more perfect and streight then in such mischiefs To prevent and redress these ills the Privy Councel set forth a Proclamation thereby discharging all concourses of people and tumultuous meetings in Edinburgh under pain of death at which time the Magistrates of the said City before the Council-Table professed their detestation thereof and profered their utmost power in the discovery of the principals in that uproar though they afterwards shamefully failed in their promise and appeared among the chief of the Covenanters even while they were glozing with the King and the Archbishop of Canterbury in England by letters full of duty and affection to his Majesty and his Churches service All businesses of note for a time seemed to be hushed and calmed by reason of the long Vacation which in that Kingdom beginneth always on Lammas-day and the Harvest which drew all sorts of people from Edinburgh except the Citizens so that all was quiet till the ensuing October and then the conflux of all sorts soon enlivened the tumults again the Ministers who undertook the reading of the second Service-book publiquely relenting their forwardness and recanting and reneging it and to that purpose presented a Petition desiring it might not be imposed on them this being backt with such an Universal rendezvous of all sorts gave the Council the fear of an Insurrection for prevention whereof a Proclamation again was published which under pain or Rebellion commanded all persons except they should show cause of their further stay about their particular affairs to depart the City and return to their Houses Seconded also with another whereby his Majesties Council and Session which is the Term were declared to be removed from Edinburgh to Dundee and a third for seizing and discovering of a certain seditious Book against the English Ceremonies which second book was ordered to be publiquely burnt upon the seizure These Proclamations were next day overtaken with another Insurrection For on the 19 of October 1667. the Bishop of Galloway and Sir William Elphinston Lord chief Justice of that Kingdom being appointed by the Lords of the Council to examine witnesses in a Cause depending before them passing through the streets to the Council-House were suddenly encountred and surrounded with an enraged multitude the Bishop hardly by the means of one of the parties in that Suit getting safe to the Council where through the like irreverence
to that Tribunal he could find no Sanctuary being threatned instantly with death Upon report of this outrage the Earls of Traquair and Wigton came with their followers to his relief where with much ado they got entrance but found themselves in no better case than the Bishop the peoples rage being thereby the more increased The Lords and the Bishop being thus beset sent privately to the Lord Provost and Bailiffs of Edinburgh for relief who sent them word that they themselves were in the same condition if not worse if the Lords attempted not to appease the people who had forced them in their Council-House for fear of their lives to subscribe a Paper then instantly presented them which contained three particulars First that they should joyn with them in opposition to the Service-book and in petitioning to the King Secondly that by their Authority they should restore Mr. Ramsey and Mr. Rolloch two lately silenced Ministers Thirdly that they should restore one Mr. Henderson a silenced Reader which three persons were notable Ringleaders of the faction three most important grounds for so fearful a Commotion Thereupon the Lords resolved to go and confer with the Magistrates and either by their authority or perswasion to reduce the people to obedience and reason but all in vain for at their return re infecta to the Council-Table again they were set upon the Earl of Traquair being troden down losing his white Staff the Ensign of his Office of Treasurer with his Hat and Cloak and so with much ado got back again to the Council who seeing the impendent danger from the fury of the people were forced to apply themselves to some Noblemen who were of the faction by whose influence upon and respects from the people they with the aforesaid Bishops were conveyed to their respective dwellings but the Provost was pursued with threats rayling and danger unto the yard of his own house This Mornings storm being blown over another Proclamation was made against further unlawful Assemblies and meeting in the streets of that City under the most severe pains the Laws in those Cases had provided but so little regard was thereunto given that the next day they demanded of the Lords what they had demanded of their Magistrates and to that purpose two Petitions as well from the Rabble as also now from greater hands the chief Citizens Gentry and Nobility were presently tendred to the Lord Chancellour of that Kingdom which imported the whole substance of the present Commotion the English Service-book still bearing the burthen Withal in this last petition making their greivances swell adding their dislike of the book of Canons to their former distast of the Service-book so one demand ushered in another till they had nothing to ask but what they resolved to take the parallel of our troubles These petitions were afterwards sent up to the King who by a Proclamation resented the injuries and affronts done his Royal Authority by those attemps upon his chief Ministers and also declared his firm intentions to maintain the Protestant Religion commanding also all persons to forbear further meetings and petitions of this nature upon pain of treason But this Proclamation was encountred with a Protestation made by the Earls of Hume and Lindsey two great Covenanters who avowed therein the whole action with a resolution added to adhere to them to the last requiring also some of the Bishops to be removed from his Majesties Councel and such other more unreasonable expostulations which yet came short still of those that they made afterwards their number and power still increasing their peremptory and haughty designes upon the Government Soon after this sedition began to arm it self and assume another name they of the faction took the authority of the Kingdom to themselves erected four Tables as they called them of the four ranks of Noblemen Gentry Burgesses and Ministers out of all which was formed one general Table that was supreme This Table after some consultation and reports from the other resolved upon a Covenant to be taken throughout the Kingdom which for substance was the same with that Solemn League afterwards taken in England onely Bishops in express terms were not therein then abjured but implicitely no doubt included and more plainly their sitting in civil Judicatories The King was most highly incensed against this Usurpation of his Royal Authority especially at the obtruding this Covenant wherewith the greatest part of the Nation were already infected and others through compulsion and force scared into a compliance with it though with a great deal of stir and reluctancy Wherefore to obviate the imminent danger it threatned the King dispatcht away the Marquess of Hamilton as his Commissioner to that Kingdom to apply some present remedy to the distemper he being a person of great honour and influence on that Nation Before his arrival of which the Covenanters had timely notice they made the more hast to engage the people against any accommodation Nor did they with the usual respect entertain the Commissioner but after some few days stay after some overtures by him made on the Kings part towards them and his demands of them particularly their deserting and relinquishing their Covenant he received a slighting answer that they would descend to no particulars of their part till a general Assembly should be called But as for the Covenant they would sooner part with their lives than abate a syllable of it and resolved never to hear more against it And thereupon new guards were by them clapt upon Edinburgh Castle the Watches of the City multiplied and the Ministers began to convert all their Sermons into Libels warning the people to take heed of Crafty Compositions when they were resolved against any These difficulties caused the Commissioner to repair to London having first received order to publish the Kings Declaration against the supposed Popery and removed also the Term for the further satisfying of the City of Edinburgh back thither again which indeed was for a while magnified by the Citizens as an Act of favour but presently was undervalued as a trick to cajole them so instructed by those who grudged the King any esteem or love in the minds of his people The Kings Declaration bearing Date Iune 20. 1638. was soon after published which contained his dispensation of the Service-book and Canons with a promise of calling a general Assembly and Parliament with all convenient Expedition requiring his subjects to contain themselves in their duty and not further to hearken to any Rebellious suggestions As soon as the Herauld had proclaimed it the Covenanters were ready upon a Scaffold there erected with a Protestation against it having before possest the People that if this Declaration were hearkened unto it would bring undoubted ruine to their Religion Laws and Liberties which they publiquely read importing some new additions to their former demands and cavils at the
uncertainty of the Kings intentions in the matters declared The Marquess Hamilton being arrived at London gave the King an account of the whole business and according to his new instructions returned back again by their appointed time the 15 th of August 1638. and entred presently into a Treaty with them about the manner of calling the General Assembly which they would not hear of but that a General Assembly should be immediately called and of the due Elections thereto when they were met themselves should be the judge For otherwise there would of necessity be some prelimitations which the freedom thereof might not suffer Upon this Emergency all things growing worse and worse the Marquess was forced upon another journey to consult the King the Covenanters concluding that if he returned not before the 21 of September they would of themselves Indict this Convention who concluded of giving that Kingdom the utmost satisfaction and with a Commission to summon this Assembly returned But the day after the Covenanters contrary to promise made an Election in one of the Presbyteries Adjacent of themselves whereas throughout the Kingdom according to the directions of the Tables Lay-Elders and Ministers were chosen together a thing never seen before in that Kingdom This Assembly the Source of those calamities which afterwards embroyl'd and enslaved that Nation was held at the City and University of Glasgow in November 1638. in which they so carried and packt the Elections that there was scarce one Dissenter from those Resolutions they had profest in their Covenant The Bishops were Totally excluded from sitting or voting therein but were cited to compeer as offenders and answer their charge Against these proceedings and the illegality of the constitution of this Assembly they first protested and tendered their reasons but they would not be admitted for such so that the Lord Commissioner seeing no hope of Justice Law or Reason or Loyalty taking place there at seven days end dissolved them by a Proclamation which they took no further notice of then only by opposing another Protestation wherein they declared that the Assembly ought not to be nor was as dissolved until such time as those ends so often before expressed were fully attained and so proceeded in their Session Strange and desperate was the Pride of this Assembly far beyond the Popes infallible Councils taking upon them to be the Supreme Judicatory on earth above all Laws and Parliaments and King himself as Christs Council and that if the Judges and other Ministers of State should not obey their Commandment they might proceed to sentence of Excommunication against them Which was effectually put in practice afterwards against the Bishops and their adherents before they armed themselves otherwise against their Soveraign Yet notwithstanding they did pretend that the King should he be satisfied of the equity and lenity of their proceedings would no doubt comply with them in the matters they Petitioned for which more exasperated his Majesty than all the Violations and Usurpations of his Authority The Earl of Arguile who had hitherto kept fair with the King and was one of his Privy Council there now owned the Covenanters and professed his adherence to their cause It is believed he was one of the first that stirred in this unfortunate business and that therefore the better to satisfie him the King after the first Pacification made him a Marquess More certain it is he was the last that suffered in it as in the conclusion of this Chronicle will appear I have insisted the longer on this story because the general Commotions that followed it ran almost the same parallel in their respective commencements in the three Kingdoms and to shew that neither prudence nor arms both which were seasonably applyed could stop or prevent those judgements of Confusion and Ruine which soon after ensued this Tragical Prologue in a miserable catastrophe For the Scots presently began to arm having first sent to the French King craving his aid and assistance which was readily proffered them by Cardinal Richlieu his chief Minister of State who was supposed to have fomented the quarrel from the very beginning to quit scores with the King of England for siding with the Rochellers in the beginning of his Raign But before any blood was drawn came over the Queen-Mother whom the generality of the people took for a Prognostick or ill Omen of a War or some Rupture approaching Many scandals were raised against the King for her admission hither but all things were gone too far beyond the contribution of her advice to make her guilty of our troubles However she seemed the Comet that did portend and foretel them the like Commotions having happened for some years past in the places of her residence The Scots towards the end of the year 1638 had gotten together a competent Army raised by the Authority and Ordinance of the aforesaid Assembly for the pretended defence of the Kingdom its Religion and Laws Nor did the King neglect the affairs of that Kingdom but was arming here in England with all the speed his Purse would afford which was then in a low ebb Yet by the Loans of the Nobility Gentry and Clergy he had raised a gallant Army with which he marched towards the borders Over this Army the Earl of Arundel was made General the Earl of Essex Lieutenant-General of the Foot and the Earl of Holland Lieutenant-General of the horse A Fleet also was rigged and well manned and set to Sea under the command of the aforesaid Marquess Hamilton which soon after came to an Anchor in the Frith neer Edinburgh The King being thus in readiness Emitted another Declaration wherein he taxed the Scots with several rebellious Libels for their Protestations against his commands for usurping his Authority and for refusing the Oath of Allegiance and Supremacy upon account of their having taken the Covenant reiterates his resolutions of maintaining Episcopacy in that Kingdom and lays the blood if any were spilt in that quarrel upon themselves as Rebels whom he ought not longer to suffer to proceed in those undutiful and destructive courses but hoped to reduce to their former and due Obedience To which the 22 of March the said Assembly reply by an Ordinance wherein after expostulating the Kings Declaration they curse themselves if they intend any harm to England concluding their War to be meerly defensive and grounded upon the natural and Civil Law Anno Dom. 1639. THe King set forward with his Army and in April came to York and in May to Barwick where both Armies came in view one of another When the King was at York the Earls of Roxborough and Traquair two formerly of his Council and Officers of State came to him as Commissioners from the Covenanters under pretence of Treating with the King who wanting their due Commission and being suspected to have been sent on an errand purposely to tamper with the
of General Lesly Earl of Leven an old Souldier in the Swedish Wars better armed intelligenced and provided than the last year on the 27th of August Lesly desired leave of my Lord Conway for his whole Army to pass to the King with their Petition which he as before avowed to be the honesâ—est loyallest and innocent thing in the World but was refused and stopped Thereupon three hundred Scotch Horse attempted to cross the River and were therein repelled by the shot of the English Musquetiers who were placed under the shelter of a Breast-work This was no sooner done but the Scots with nine pieces of Ordinance which they had placed on the side of the River and blinded them with bushes plaid upon those breast-works which so affrighted the English Infantry being raw Souldiers and not used to the noise and execution of Canon that they presently forsook their Posts cast down their Arms and fled Instantly the Scotch Horse with their General himself advanced but were handsomely welcomed by Commissary-General Wilmot who with the Cavalry which consisted mostly of Gentlemen very stoutly stood to it till they were over-born by number and galled with great Bullets and so forced into a disorderly retreat Here were slain two or three Gentlemen of Quality among which was Cornet Porter Son to Endymeon Porter of the Bed-chamber with some fourscore and odd of common Souldiers The Lord Conway after this defeat carried himself the first news of it to the King that it might not be told by others to his prejudice and Sir Iacob Ashley Governour of Newcastle knowing the place not tenable deserted it sinking the Ordnance in the River so that upon Lesleys approach both that Town and Durham rendred themselves into his hands These losses accelerated the Earl of Strafford into those parts who having the supreme Command of the Army therefore conferred upon him and knowing his Honour and Reputation to be embarqued in this business resolved to put it to the decision of the Sword which he was as well able to manage as his Pen Challengeth the Lord Conway for the disaster at Newborn before the King as if his ill conduct had occasioned it who as stoutly denied it laying the fault as indeed it ought upon the rawness of his Souldiers In Scotland the Earl of Haddington who commanded as Major-General the Forces raised and to be raised in Lothian having recovered from the Souldiers of Berwick Garrison the pieces of Ordnance which Lesley had left behind him at Dunslo and brought them to Dunglass was the next day slain with twenty more Knights and Gentlemen in the midst of his Court by the stones that flew from the Vault neer adjoyning which was then blown up with the Magazine that lay in it Though the Earl of Strafford was so eagerly and intensly bent on fighting with the Scots yet with the King who was loth to run that hazard not knowing how to recruit himself if he were worsted unless he should condescend as much or more to his English Subjects in Parliament those Martial resolutions soon abated to the regret of that Noble Earl whose safety as well as glory consisted in driving the Scots out of this Kingdom So that though the King had declared them to be Rebels and Traytors by Proclamation and commanded that publick Prayers should be put up against them in all Churches and had set up his Royal Standard at York yet now he was contented to treat with them and to that end received from them a Petition stuft with their grievances to which he returned answer by his Secretary of Scotland the Earl of Lanerick That he expected their particular demands which were tendered to him within three days after and imported his Majesties calling a Parliament in England without which there could be no satisfying redress for them Thay had likewise published sometime before their marching into England a Declaration intituled The intentions of the Army which signified that they would not lay down their Armes till the reformed Religion were setled in both Nations upon sure grounds and the causers and abetters of their present grievances and troubles were brought to publique Justice and that in Parliament In order to the speedy accommodation therefore of this quarrel Twelve of the Nobility who were there with the King by name Hertford Essex Bedford Warwick Mulgrave Bristol Bullingbrook Say Mandevil Howard Paget and Brook drew up a Petition to the King and had it delivered after which others of the same contents were brought from London and other places of the Kingdom which unanimously agreed in this That nothing could satisfie the people nor relieve their grievances and pressures but a Parliament This the King willingly assented to and in part condescended to other of the Scots demands and for the present summoned the Lords of England to appear at York where accordingly they met and on the first day of their sitting in Council it was agreed that a Parliament should be called to convene the third of November next And in reference to the Scotch business and the poor oppressed Northern Counties where both the Armies that Summer had quartered the Bishoprick of Durham being then taxed by the Scots at three hundred and fifty pound the Country of Northumberland at three hundred pound a day it was also resolved that a Treaty should be had and thereupon sixteen English Lords whereof eight were Earls the other Barons should meet with so many of the Scotch Nobility and the place was assigned at York which was refused as not safe enough for the Scotch Commissioners by reason of the presence of the Lord Deputy Strafford who had proclaimed them Traytors in Ireland and against whom they had matters of high Complaint And so it was resolved it should begin at Rippon The first thing the English insisted on was a present Cessation but the Scots objected against that and said that other things were more expedient to be first considered For as they would obey the Kings command in advancing no further so would they not go back again till they had accomplisht the business they came for and therefore propounded four Praeliminaries to be resolved on which were concluded on and agreed to At the first of these That the Scotch Army should be paid and maintained out of the English purse the Earl of Strafford was highly incensed and enraged being so dishonourable a thing to the Nation and therefore would have perswaded the King to give him leave to fight them no way doubting but that he should be able to drive them presently into Scotland again though accounted then far superiour in Discipline and Souldiery to the English Army But the affair of the Treaty was so far advanced for the reasons aforesaid that there was no fair way of receding if the King had been powerful enough to have combated them as some made no scruple so that on the 16 th of October the English Commanders
some through fear others out of compliance with the major part agreed to the ensuing Articles which for an envious remark I have transcribed First That there be a Cessation of Arms both by Sea and Land from this present Secondly That all Acts of Hostility do thenceforth cease Thirdly That both parties shall peaceably return during the Treaty whatever they possess at the time of the Cessation Fourthly That all such persons who lived in any of his Majesties Forts beyond the River of Tweed shall not exempt their Lands which lye within the Counties of Northumberland and the Bishoprick from such Contributions as shall be laid upon them for the payment of eight hundred pound per diem Fifthly That none of the Kings Forces upon the other side of Tweed shall give any impediment to such contributions as are already allowed for the competency of the Scotch Army and shall fetch no victuals nor forage out of their bounds except that which the inhabitants and owners thereof shall bring voluntarily to them and that any restraints or detention of Victual Cattel or Forage which shall be made by the Scots within those bounds for their maintenance shall be no breach Sixthly That no recruit shall be brought into either Armies from the time of the Cessation and during the Treaty Seventhly That the contribution of eight hundred and fifty pounds per diem shall be onely raised out of the Counties of Northumberland Westmerland and the Bishoprick and the Town of Newcastle and that the not payment thereof shall be no breach of the Treaty but the Counties and Towns shall be left to the Scots power to raise the same but not to exceed the sum agreed upon unless it be for charges of driving to be set by a Prizer of the forage Eighthly That the River Tweed shall be the bounds of both Armies excepting always the Town and Castle of Storkton and the Village of Egyshiff and the Counties of Northumberland and the Bishoprick be the limits within which the Scotish Army is to reside having liberty from them to send such Convoys as shall be necessary onely for the gathering up of the Contribution which shall be unpaid by the Counties of Northumberland and Cumberland Ninth and Tenth Articles of private injuries Eleventhly No new Fortifications to be made during the Treaty against either Party Twelfthly That the Subjects of both Kingdoms may in their trade of Commerce freely pass to and fro without any stay at all but it is particularly provided that no member of either Army pass without a formal Pass under the hands of the General or of him that commands in chief This was the sum of that unlucky Cessation which was afterwards at London concluded in a Treaty soon after the sitting of the Parliament who in February next paid the Scots off giving them the stile of their dear brethren which much pleased them but the money which accrewed by an arrear of 124000 l. was a great deal more acceptable And thus with their pay and dismission out of this Kingdom I dismiss them for this time from any further Narrative and look home to our own affairs in England The Parliament sate down on the third of November and immediately fell to questioning several chief Ministers of State Bishops and Judges pretending thereby both to satisfie this Nation and the Scots Monopolies also were voted down and much more good was promised and expected from the Parliament The principal of those Grandees that were accused was the Earl of Strafford against whom Mr. Pym is sent from the Commons to the Lords with an Impeachment of High Treason whereupon he was sequestred from sitting as a Peer and his Privado Sir George Ratcliff was sent for out of Ireland by a Serjeant at Arms. Soon after the aforesaid Earl was committed to the Usher of the Black Rod and so to the Tower in order to his ensuing Tryal yet he obtained the assignation of Councel and a Sollicitor for the better managing his defence The Bishop of Lincoln contrariwise was released out of the Tower and Mr. Pryn Dr. Bastwick and Mr. Burton returned from their kind of banishment in great pomp and bravery attended by many hundreds on Horseback with boughs in their hands to London for the Tide was turned and ran strong the other way In the interim the Lord Keeper Finch and Sir Francis Windebank Secretary of State both charged with no less than High Treason wisely withdrew themselves into Forein parts and weathered the storm that would have sunk them One Iohn Iames the Son of Sir Henry Iames of Feversham in Kent and of the Romish Religion audaciously adventured to stab Mr. Howard a Justice of Peace in Westminster-Hall the said Mr. Howard being about to deliver to the Committee for Religion a Catalogue of such Recusants as were within his liberty The House of Commons now Voted the Assesment of Ship-mony about which there had been so much ado and so many contests together with the Opinions of the Judges and the Writs for it and the judgment of the Exchequer against Mr. Hambden to be all illegal and the Arguments of the two Justices Crook and Hutton shewing the illegality thereof to be Printed and also ordered a Charge of High-Treason to be drawn up against eight others of the Judges Which business of Ship-money being made so accessary to our ensuing Troubles I have thought fit to insert these Records concerning the same The Case as it was stated by the King to the Judges CHARLES REX WHen the good and safety of the Kingdom in general is concerned and the whole Kingdom in danger Whether may not the King by Writ under the Great Seal of England command all the Subjects in this Kingdom at their charge to provide and furnish such number of Ships with Men Victual and Munition and for such a time as he shall think sit for the defence and safeguard of the Kingdom from such danger and peril and by Law compel the doing thereof in case of refusal and refractoriness And whether in such cases the King is not sole Iudge both of the danger and when and how the same is to be prevented and avoided Their Opinions MAy it please your most excellent Majesty we have according to your Majesties command severally and every man by himself and all of us together taken into serious consideration the Case and Questions signed by your Majesty and enclosed in your Letter And we are of opinion that when the good and safety of the Kingdom in general is concerned and the whole Kingdom in danger your Majesty may by Writ under the great Seal of England command all the Subjects of this your Kingdom at their charge to provide and furnish such a number of Ships with men victual and munition and for such time as your Majesty shall think fit for the defence and safeguard from such a danger and peril and that by law your Majesty may compel the doing thereof
departed a contented King from a contented people The Parliament at Westminster had scarce yet sat in a full House from their Adjournment curiously prying into the Errors and male-Administration of the Government here but the fearful news came of a horrid Rebellion broke forth in Ireland It seems no sooner that careful diligent eye of the Earl of Strafford was first distorted by the Scotch affairs and after put out and extinguished by the English envy but the Irish resumed their wonted desires after liberty which they never yet attempted upon a less foundation than a total Massacre and utter extirpation of the English in that Kingdom so that in effect however the Parliament threw the odium of that Rebellion there upon the King Questionless it can be no where imputable ab extra from without but from their unwarrantable proceeding against the said Earl whose name and presence alone would have been sufficient to have prevented it or his wisdom and power able to have suppressed it This affrighting news when the Kingdom was already in a trepidation labouring with its own fears and pretended dangers soon brought the King from Scotland with all possible haste to London where notwithstanding those troubles he was most welcomly and as magnificently entertained the Citizens on Horseback with Gold-chains and in their several Liveries in Rayles placed along the streets chearfully receiving him the sober part of the Nation not valuing the Irish troubles if the King and his Parliament should but happily agree if the breaches could be but closed here there was no doubt of stanching the wound there But it was otherwise meant by the faction who added that conflagration as fuel to this suggesting to the multitude that what was acted against the Protestants there was likewise intended to be put in Execution here the Authors of one being also so of the other sinisterly traducing the King as inclining to Popery which they point-blank charged upon the Archbishop of Canterbury which imputation diffused it self afterwards upon the whole Order This torrent of the multitude was swelled so high even at this reception of the King that one Walker an Iron-monger as his Majesty passed from Guild-Hall where he was most sumptuously feasted at the City-charge Sir Richard Gurney being then Mayor threw into his Coach a scandalous Libel Intituled To your Tents O Israel which indignity the King complained of and thereupon Walker was put in Prison yet afterwards he Libelled a great deal worse both in Press and Pulpit But since the settlement of the Church he procured a lawful Ordination I mention this man as the shame of that zealotry which so furiously commenced this unnatural War The first business transacted with the King by the two Houses was an account of the Irish Rebellion the King having acquainted them in a short Speech of his composure of the Scotch troubles and soon after conjuring them to joyn with him in the speedy suppressing of the Irish whose dangers grew every day greater Iobs Messengers perpetually bringing over worser and worser news from that Kingdom where most of the Nobility were confederated in that horrid revolt having made Sir Phelim Oneal the chief of the family of Tyrone the late famous Rebel there in the latter part of the Raign of Queen Elizabeth and bred in Lincolns-Inn and then a Protestant but turned a bloody Papist though a most sneaking and silly Coward the supreme Commander of their Forces which then were raised in great numbers throughout all the Provinces Deep waters run stillest and with the least noise so was it with this Plot. It was very strange that a designe of such vastness of so great mischief and horrour should be concealed among a multitude that were concerned in it But this devilish secrecy was imputable onely to the ancient irreconciliable malice of the Irish against the English whose yoke sundry times they had attempted to shake off not for any oppression they were under but out of a natural desire of being Lords and Masters of their own liberty But nevertheless it pleased God that it came in the very nick of the execution of their Plot to be revealed by one of that Nation or otherwise that Kingdom had been in danger to be lost as Sicily was from the French by a sudden massacre The chief Instrument in carrying on this horrible Plot was one Roger Moor descended of an ancient Irish family but allyed to most of the Gentlemen of the English Pale He made several journeys into all the four Provinces of this Kingdom communicating his intelligences from forrain Popish Courts and the transactions of their Priests and Fryars there to the encouragement of this Revolt Another of the greatest confidents and complices in this designe was the Lord Viscount Gormanston of the English Pale which generally sided with the Rebels as being inoculated into Irish stocks and were Papists generally though against all opinion of the Council for that they had been such enemies to the Earl of Tyrone in his grand Rebellion But the menacing speeches and denunciations of the English Parliament against Papists in both Kingdoms especially in this where they threatned a total extirpation cannot be denyed to be one if not the principal cause why they made this defection from their Country and Allegiance The 23 of October was the day pitcht upon for the general rising and the Lord Macguire Col. Mac Mahon Col. Plunket and Capt. Fox Hugh Birn and Roger Moor were appointed for the seizure of Dublin-Castle which would at once have done their work those persons with a competent number of men to their assistance came one day before to Town and had conference together at the Lyon-Tavern near Copper-Ally where one Owen O Conally an Irish Gentleman but a retainer to Sir Iohn Clotworthy was admitted and by Mac Mahon informed of the conspiracy After a large drinking to their next mornings success O Conally privily repaired to the Lord Justice Parsons to whom and Sir Iohn Borlace the other Justice the Government was committed after my Lord Straffords death The Lord Dillon was likewise named and constituted but to avoid the jealousie and grudgings thereat the King had disauthorized him and very disturbedly and confusedly by reason of the drink and his horrour at the story revealed the chiefest part of it It was thereupon advised by the said Lord Justice for a fuller and certainer account to send him back again to the said Mac Mahon commanding him to return that night again to him which he did from the said Tavern and company who would have kept him there all night by pretending to ease himself and thence leaping over a wall and a set of pales into the streets In the mean time the Lord Justice Parsons went to the Lord Borlaces house and there assembled a Council by the coming of Sir Thomas Rotheram and Sir Robert Meredith who resolved first to attend the return of O Conally who in his
framed by themselves having rejected that of the Kings own appointment and drawn by his Council though not a word in answer against it to satisfie him excluding all persons named by the King in his draught and committed the trust and power thereof for two years to such in whom they confided Soon after they seized upon Sir Richard Gurney Lord Mayor of London whom for an example to other Loyal Magistrates they sent to the Tower of London not long after which usage he deceased Sir Iohn Hotham is also impowered by the Parliament to Summon the Trayned Bands of the County to his assistance which through the factiousness of others and his own menaces he compassâ—d and having them within his reach to prevent the King of any supply of Arms thereabout he disarms the Country-men and dismisseth them Herâ—upon the King Summoned the Gentry and Free-holders of the County of York to whom he complains of all those lawless proceedings of the Parliament and Hotham to the danger of his person which he thinks fit to secure by a guard from among them reiterates his Protestation to the Lords then that wâ—re with him some of whom were sent from the Parliament and continued there that he intended not to raise a War or embroyl the Kingdom but since he had so lately received such an indignity so neer his residence it could not be interpreted other than an Act of Prudence to provide this way for his safety that being the onely end in this designe Which publike Declaration was attested by all the Lords to be his Majesties intention Now had the Parliament the occasion they waited for no Salvo's or Protestations on the Kings part would serve turn but it was taken for granted â—hat the King intended War and therefore they proceeded presently to put the peo-into a posture of War by vertue of their late Ordinance of the Militia to rescue the King from his evil Counsel who had engaged him in a War against his Parliament I will not wade further in this Question Who began it because his Majesty on his dying Royal word hath asserted it by this undeniable proof Who gave the first Commissions In order to this open Hostility intended they prohibit all resort to the King save of those in his special service and Command the respective Sheriffs to seize all other than such as the disturbers of the peace and to raise the County-power against them who were so divided in themselves by contrary commands that no difficulty remained to the near ensuing rupture sides being taken and avowed every man on his guard waiting for the first blow and prepared to return it as his judgment or fancy led him To bâ—ow up this animosity into fire and fury next comes out another Remonstrance from the Parliament the Daughter of that which was presented to the King at Hampton-Court that taxed the male-administration of the Government till the calling of the Parliament this recited all their complaints from the very first day of their sitting to the date thereof their dispute of the Militia the business of the five Members c. and so brought the state of their quarrel into one entire body that their Partisans by such a heap of grievances iâ— not by the weight of them might without more scrutiny own them and stand by their Causâ— This miss'd not of a plenary and satisfactory Answer from the King but Hands had no Ears the Faction was busie and employed in arming themselves like Caesars write and fight together solliciting also in the mean time their dear Brethren the Scots to their party whom though the King so lately had obliged and vouchsafed them a particular account of his intentions throughout all these unhappy transactions summed up in a Letter to his Privy Counsel in that Kingdom which after communication begot a Protestation from that Kingdom of all the Loyalty and affection imaginable with many serious expressions of their thanks and gratitude to his Majesty whose Royal word in the concerns both of Church and State they deemed a grievous sin to doubt or question Yet nevertheless presently after they declared themselves in favour of the Parliament in a large manifestation of their most cordial affection to them with as many more good words as they had received Pounds and in conclusion order the said Privy Council not to meddle with any verbal or real engagement for the King against the Parliament of England but to keep close to their Covenant and their English brethren For all which kindness the Parliament claw them again and returned them thanks by their Commissioners resident in London But this Remonstrance did not reach all the matter therefore out comes a third comprehensive enough which the King likewise answered It will be tedious to recite them because little new matter in them only more passionately written as bordering betwixt the Gown and the Sword which was as good as half drawn already As the last essay for an Accommodation that the people might see the Parliament would leave no way untryed Nineteen Propositions are sent to the King at York which in strict terms comprised the licentiousness of all their former Papers To these if the King assented as they withal Petition him to do they promise to make him a glorious Prince For the Answer to these by the King I refer the Reader to the Kings book where the vncivility and unreasonableness thereof is justly censured though the reply he made to them presently after their tender was so argumentative and honest that it stumbled many of their friends and confirmed the Kings good Subjects in their Loyal integrity All hopes being now lost of this Paper-scuffle the King addresses himself to the Gentry and Commonalty of the County of York the populacy being those on whom the Parliamentary pretences so greatly operated and declares to them the same resolutions he had formerly made desiring to undeceive them of those opinions the Parliament had instilled every where and chuseth out of them a guard of Horse and a Regiment of the Trained Bands as a guard to his person which they cheerfully undertook and did Duty in that quality Here he also found an addition of many worthy Gentlemen and Nobles ready for his service The City of London was likewise as affectionate for the Parliament having profered their service which was accepted to secure the two Houses This caused the King to send a Letter to the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen forbidding them either to levy Arms or raise money upon that account But seeing them to persist in the same courses he first sends out his Commissions of Array to the respective Lord-Lieutenants and their assistants according to the Statute of 5 H. 4. and other subsequent Records which by the Parliament on the question were resolved to be against Law and the liberty of the Subject c. And then summons his Lords and Privy
eight Coach-horses to General Essex and in order to Sir Iohns Tryal he is proclaimed Traytor sent to London and committed prisoner to the Gate-house Iames Lord Strange Son and Heir of William Earl of Derby was likewise by the Parliament impeached of High Treason for that he upon the 15th of Iuly last did at Manchester in the County of Lancaster summon and raise Forces for the service of the King They further charging him with being the death of Richard Percival a Linnen-webster and cause their said Charges to be published in the Churches of Lancaster and Chester Sir Iohn Byron raiseth some Troops in the County of Oxford for the King and being suddenly surprized by the Parliamentarians sustaineth some loss and by them he and his Associates are declared Rebels He then marcheth to Worcester which Town he seizeth for the King At York the King made the Marquess of Hertford Leiutenant-General of the Western Counties intending forthwith himself to set upon Hull whose stores he had designed once to have made a Magazine for Ireland to reduce those Rebels which he had often declared to the two Houses but they would by no means consent to it but upon deliberate advice he past by it onely making one attempt neer it to shew his just indignation and to satisfie his Honor where he lost unhappily some twenty men and marched directly into Nottinghamshire About the beginning of August he came to Nottingham-Town and on the tenth of the same month published his Royal Proclamation commanding and enjoyning all his Subjects to the Northward of Trent and twenty miles Southward to Rendezvous at Nottingham the 23 of that instant where he according to the purport of his Proclamation set up his Standard and where appeared five or six thousand men After a view and Muster of these Royal Volunteers the King proceeded to the nomination of a General who was the Right honorable the Earl of Lindsey General formerly for the Rochel-Expedition and the Parliament made Robert Earl of Essex their Captain-General the Earl of Bedford General of the Horse Essex about this time departed from London in great state and magnificence The King leaves Nottinghamshire and marched into Staffordshire thence into Leicestershire carâ—ssing the Gentry all the way he went so into the Confines of Wales and sat down at last in Shrewsbury where after he had a while rested the Gentry Freeholders and Inhabitants of that County with other additions out of Wales being assembâ—ed he made this Oration which for its excellency and because it contains the truth of the quarrel is here inserted GENTLEMEN IT is some benefit to me from the insolency and misfortunes which have driven me about that they have brought me to so good a part of my Kingdom and to so faithful a part of my people I hope neither you nor I shall repent in coming hither I will do my part that you may not and of you I was confident before I came The residence of an Array is not usually pleasant to any place and mine may carry more fear with it since it may be thought being robbed and spoiled of all mine own and such terrour used to fright and keep all men from supplying of me I must onely live upon the aid and relief of my people but be not afraid I would to God my poor Subjects suffered no more by the insolence and violence of that Army raised against me though they have made themselves wanton even with plenty than you shall do by mine and yet I fear I cannot prevent all disorders I will do my best And this I promise you no man shall be a looser by me if I can help it I have sent hither for a Mint I will melt down all my own plate and expose all my Land to sale or morgage that if it be possible I may not bring the least pressure upon you in the mean time I have summoned you hither to do that for me and your selves for the maintenance of your Religion and the Law of the Land by which you enjoy all that you have which other men do against us Do not suffer so good a Cause to be lost for want of supplying me with that which will be taken from you by those who pursue me with this violence And whilst these ill men Sacrifice their Mony Plate and utmost industry to destroy the Common-wealth be you no less liberal to preserve it Assure your selves if it please God to bless me with success I shall remember the assistance that every particular man here gives me to his advantage However it will hereafter how furiously soever the minds of men are now possest be honour and comfort to you that with some charge and trouble to your selves you did your part to support the King and preserve the Kingdom With those expressions to which his actions agreed he so won the affectioâ—s of that County and the adjacent that before the middle of October which was about three weeks after his first coming to Shrewsbury with a small party rather than any force or Army he was grown to a compleat strength consisting of about 6000 foot 3000 brave horse and almost 2000 Dragooners From thence having issued out Warrants for Horses and Caâ—ts in order to his removal he marched along within view of Coventry but made no essay or attempt upon it not intending to lose any time in sitting down before it unless the Town had been freely surrendred to him From thence he came to Southam not many miles distant from their Lord General This March of his struck some terror into the City of London it self though all their Army was then in a readiness and attending the King therefore the Trained Bands were speedily raised for a guard of the City and fortifications such as the time would allow were ordered to be forthwith made round it acâ—ording to which Order many hundreds of men were set on work who were soon alter seconded by the several Companies and Parishes in London and the Suburbs as also by the Wives and Maids who followed a Drum in rank and file with a Rampier-basket between two of them until a regular Line and Circumvaâ—lation taking up twelve miles in circuit was quite finished Windsor-Castle was at this time garrisoned by the Parliament Col. Ven being sent down with twelve Companies of foot in one whereof Barkstead the Regicide commanded it being his first military employment as Governour Divers Citizens suspected for their affection and loyalty to the King were also at this time secured And the association of the several Counties first projected and begun and mony and plate raised for the Parliament in so great danger did the Cock-sure Grandees of the Faction then see and find themselves Indeed the Kings design was London which at the approach of such an Army would put his friends in a capacity to appear for him and
had faced Petworth and entred Midhurst and at last was clapt down before Aundel-castle the extremest parts of Sussex whose shore before we leave we must conjoyn a short account of the Isle of Iersey which by Sir Peter Osburn was now delivered to Sir Iohn Pennington still Vice-Admiral for the King in the narrow Seas in exchange of which good fortune the Garrison of Pool had received a very great success in an Expedition into the Country and the Earl of Warwick had joyned at Warcham with Col. Earl upon a designe against Câ—rf-castle but that succeeded not Monsieur le Prince de Harcourt came hither a while before as Ambassador Extraordinary to offer the French Kings interposition and arbitrement of the differences between King and Parliament and was convoyed and splendidly received at Oxford but his Coach and Pacquet searched as he passed the London-Fortifications which he highly complained of to the Parliament who to evade his Peace-making errand would not own him as an Ambassador Extraordinary He was followed upon the same account to Oxford whence he went and came twice with a Duch Ambassador but all to no purpose For the Parliament had now two fresh Armies asoot raised by the City and a third the Scots now upon their march though a little before they earnestly beâ—ought an Accommodation It is time here to remember other memorable things which happened a little before the first was that of the two Hothams Sir Iohn and his Son these persons eminent more especially the Father for adherence to the Parliament having first of all men denied the King admittance into his Towns and Magazines by putting themselves into Hull and keeping it by vertue of a power from the Lords and Commons now either touched in conscience for the unlawfulness and the undutifulness of that action or else not so highly regarded and considered as that important and leading piece of service might justly challenge from the Parliament the Queen being also newly arrived in those parts who probably might have dealt with Sir Iohn in the matter he began to falter from that firmness he had professed for the Parliament which being guessed at by some strict observers of him he not being reserved enough in a thing of that consequence a party was made against him in his own Garrison and he too late endeavouring to have secured Hull for the King was in the bustle knockt down in the streets secured with his Son and both sent up prisoners to the Tower whence not long after they were brought to tryal and execution At the same time also returned Sir Hugh Cholmly a Member likewise of the House of Commons and who had secured Scarborough for them which as before was afterwards put into the Kings hands by Brown Bushel The other thing remarkable was the death of Mr. Iohn Pym the great stickler against the King and his Prerogative the Speech-maker of the House of Commons that could wiredraw money with every word he uttered to the City He died when the Kingdom was in a flame which he had chiefly blown up not likely to be extinguished Nothing is reported of his end certainly and though there was a fable of his body being full of Lice sure we may be it was full of worms afterward and let judgment be left to God whether he engaged in the Times and Quarrel out of a misguided or a reclaiming Conscience Insert we here also as matters of State not War that upon the carrying the Great Seal to Oxford by the Lord Keeper Littleton a new great Seal was made by the Parliament which the King declared to be treasonable and soon after sent a Messenger to London one Daniel Kniveton to forbid the holding of the Term by any colour of the said Seal and did therewith adjourn the said Term but the Parliament were so far from giving heed to that Message of the Kings which was according to his duty delivered to the Judges in Westminster hall by the said Kniveton that by a Council of War held at Essex-House they sentenced him to be hanged for a Spy which was accordingly executed upon him at the old Exchange London on 27 November Add we also that in February the King convened the Members of both Houses who had deserted them at Westminster as a Parliament in Oxford They met in the Schools accordingly and proceeded to several Consultations but within a year totally disappeared To conclude this year with Military affairs in Ianuary the Scotch Forces according to compact entred England with a well-accomplisht Army and in February cross'd Tine And to sum up the rendition of places on both sides take this account Scarborough Brimingham Litchfield Howley-house Burton upon Trent Bradford Hallifax Bristol Gainsborough Dorchester Portland Weymouth Melcomb Beverly Bidiford Appleford Barnstable Exeter Dartmouth Howarden-Castle Arundel-Castle taken by the Lord Hopton Beeston-Castle Lapley-House Crew-House Hopton-Castle Warder-Castle regained Sturton-Castle and Newark relieved for the King where Prince Rupert gained a compleat victory against Sir Iohn Meldrum who commanded there with 7000 men against the Town The Parliamentarians were beaten from their entrenchments into a House called the Spittle or Exeter-House where they came to a surrender upon capitulation leaving their Arms and Bag and Bagage behind them and a thousand men slain on their side Reading Wardour-Castle Monmouth Taunton and Bridge-Water Tamworth-Castle Burley-House Glocester relieved Lyn yeilded to the Earl of Manchester Grafton-House and Arundel-House taken by Sir William Waller again being again recruited with a fresh Army and a new Commission given him to be a Major-General of the four Counties of Kent Surry Sussex and Hamp-shire which leads this Chronicle next to some remarkable actions of his which were much in expectation in the ensuing year Anno Dom. 1644. SIr William Waller after his reducement of Arundel-Castle Marched to find out the Lord Hopton to cry quits with him for his defeat at Roundway-Down Both Armies were near one another a good space for his Lordship hovered about Winchester and those parts and at Brandon-Heath near Alsford was drawn up having a little before in his intended March to the relief of Arundel beaten Colonel Norton into Chichester who endeavoured to impede him and stood ready to receive Sir William who had taken the advantage of a Hill from which the Royalists with fury beat him and drove him to another where under the shelter of some Bushes and Trees he so galled the Kings Horse that they were forced in some disorder to retreat to their Foot There was a hollow betwixt both bodies which each endeavouring to gain many men found it for their Graves on both sides The Lord Hopton therefore seeing the slaughter that was made and likely to continue upon his men timely drew off his Artillery and Cannon towards Winchester and then wheeling about Marched for Basing and so presently to Oxford In this fight was killed on the Kings
themselves if dissov'd belong unto the Crown For Ireland the King should annul the Cessation and leave the management of that Kingdome to the Scots And for the Militia that it should be managed altogether by such Commissioners as they should appoint so that the King should not have the least power of his own to assist his Neighbours and Allies or defend himself at home They had also so obstructed any hopes of a conclusion by limiting the time of the Treaty to twenty days and trying up the Commissioners with such limitations that the good effect thereof was despaired at the entrance into it Much perswasion was used by the Kings side to the Parliaments Commissioners that they would gain longer time and that the Treaty might be revived but all to no purpose And to this matter notable is that of one Mr. Love who by some private means or other was admitted to Preach before the said Commissioners there where he said It was as possible for Heaven and Hell as the King and Parliament to agree strange words to be uttered in such a juncture and in such a place and before such an Assembly but the end of that man shewed him the folly and wickedness of that expression So after two and twenty dayes Conference the Treaty ended in vain The Kings Commissioners complained of this Love but answer was made he was none of their train but the Parliament should be informed of him who would do justice upon him but the business was husht In the interim the Lord Macguire and one Colonel Mac Mahon who were as was said before seized in Dublin the night of the breaking forth of the Rebellion in Ireland and had been Prisoners in the Tower ever since and some while before broke out from thence and wading over the Moat escaped away being found in Drury-Lane London at a private house were brought to the Kings-Bench-Bar though Macguire pleaded his Priviledge of Peerage and insisted peremptorily on it while over-ruled by the Court and Parliament together and there after a Tryal both sentenced for their Treason to be hang'd drawn and quartered which they underwent with a great deal of stoutness and their way of Piety clearing the King from any privity to that Rebellion Shrewsbury a most important and strong Garrison for the King was by some treachery not yet brought to light betrayed just at the conclusion of the Treaty aforesaid to Major General Mitton for the Parliament It seems the Parliament rather tampered under-hand than dealt fair above-board and openly during the time thereof For this good service the said Major-General Mitton being a Member of the House of Commons at his coming thither had the thanks of the same given him by Mr. Speaker Abundance of Persons of Quality were surprized in this place as thinking it one of the securest Retreats in these parts the List of whom I find after this sort Eight Knights and Baronets forty Colonels Majors and Captains 200 private Souldiers some few slain About this time also Scarborough and Weymouth were taken for the Parliament and Plymouth-Siege for a while raised and a day of Thanksgiving therefore set apart Sir Marmaduke Langdale an eminent man for the King in the North was sent from Oxford to relieve Ponfract-Castle in York-shire Besieged by the Forces of the Lord Fairfax This Expedition he so prudently and valiantly underwent that in his way thither he routed Colonel Rossiter who opposed him at Melton-Mowbray and passed forward and with resolution though twice inferiour in number so charged the Besiegers that after a sharp conflict he beat them from the Siege and having relieved the Castle departed back again to the assistance of the King then threatned with a fresh and potent Army from London For the Earls of Essex Manchester and Denbigh had resigned their Commissions in the House of Peers few of their Officers also continuing in their service for whom the General Essex in a Speech when he laid down his said Commission desired that the Parliament would take care of their Debentures which they abundantly promised but performed thinly leaving them the unsatisfied name of Reformado's Their General himself having lost the opportunity of Blessing the Kingdom with a Peace when it lay in his power to which he was courted by the King a while before at Lestithiel seeing how the Pulse of the times beat and what Counsels were likely to prevail withdrew himself in a Discontent to Eltham-House in Kent where not long after he deceased as in due time shall be declared At that same time that Shrewsbury was thus surprised the Kings Forces had a Success for the handsomness though not for the consequence of it very Notable The Kings Forces had Garrisoned a repayred Castle at the Devises and Colonel Devereux had a Garrison at Roudon-House between Malmsbury and that which therefore for its inconvenience was Besieged Colonel Stephens of Glocester-shire came to its Relief with 200 Horse and as many Foot from Malmsbury and forced his passage with provision into the House While he stayed to take further order for the security of the place the Royalists surround the House again cast up a Work where he entred and keep him in and Sir Iacob Ashley comes to second the Siege with 3000 men Massey understanding this did what he could to draw off Sir Iacob by facing Cyrencester and sending a Party of Horse from Glocester which were to joyn with a like number from Malmsbury again but all in vain the besieged were compelled at last to render themselves upon very hard terms and conditions About this time there was a kind of Faction in the Kings Court at Oxford and some altercations betwixt the parties concerning the Kings Council so that some Lords Savil Percy and Andover were confined and the Parliament that this the Members of the same Houses at Westminster who adhered to the King who by the Kings Order were the year before convened at Oxford were for some Reasons and Discontents arisen about the Army Adjourned till the 10 of October But that Parliament signified nothing The House of Commons Voted that in their new Generals Commission the words For preservation of his Majesties Person should be left out and accordingly they were so And so ended the year 1644. the last of the Kings Felicity Anno Dom. 1645. WE will begin this year though we post-date the time that we may recite all the exploits in Scotland together with the actions of the renowned and ever-glorious Marquess of Montross appointed Governour of that Kingdom The year before he came into Scotland attended onely by two Mr. William Rollock and Mr. Sibbalds in whose company he came at last to his Cousin Mr. Patrick Graham in the Sheriffdom of Perth with whom he staid a while disguised till he had sent to discover the State of the Kingdom He had all along given the King information of the Scots Rebellions and siding
with the Parliament but Hamilton was over-trusted Much ado he had to pass the ways being so strictly guarded while the Scotch Army was in England At his arrival in the Highlands being supplyed with 1100 men from the Marquess of Antrim out of Ireland and another addition under the Lord Kilpont and the Earl of Perths Son he marched to find out the Army of Covenanters then gathered under the command of Tullybarn the Lord Elch and Drummond consisting of a great Force into Perth-shire where at Tepper-Moor he obtained a great Victory his Souldiers for want of Arms and Ammunition making use of the Stones lying advantagiously on the Fighting-ground Here he killed no less then 2000 men whereupon Perth-City opened its Gates to the Conquerour To withstand and repress so dangerous an Enemy within the Bowels of the Kingdom another Army was raised and put under more Experienced Captains In the mean while Montross had fallen into Argyles Country where he made miserable havock intending utterly to break the Spirits of that people who were so surely Engaged to Arguiles side Here the Earl of Seaforth followed him with an Army and the Marquess of Argyle had another of the other side Montross therefore resolved to fight with one first and so fell upon that party under Argyle which he totally routed killed 1500 on the place the rest escaped and so the Marquess of Montross bent his way after the other Army which he defeated at Brechin being newly put under the command of Colonel Hurry afterwards offers Battel to Bayly who had another Army ready to fight him but he waited for advantages whereupon he marches after Hurry who had recruited and was pressing upon the Lord Gourdon having taken Dundee in his way and at Alderne discomfits him killing 1800 and dispersing the rest He seeks out Bayly to whom was joyned the Earl of Lindsey and at Alesford-hills forced them to fight utterly routed them and obtained a remarkable Victory But that which lessened the Triumph was the death of the Lord Gourdon one that was as the right hand of Montross A very Loyal Right Noble Gentleman being Eldest Son to the Marquess of Huntley After this he comes to St. Iohnstons where he alarm'd the Parliament there sitting and so into the Lowlands where the Kirk had another Army in readiness under the command of the aforesaid Bayly At a place called Kilsith both Armies met and a cruel Battel it was but in conclusion Success and Victory Crowned Montross's Head and almost 6000 of his Enemies were slain in this fight the pursuit being eagerly followed for a great way the Covenanters at first fighting very resolutely but the fortune of Montross still Prevailed The Nobility now every where readily assisted him and the Towns and Cities declared for him so that the Kingdom which afforded men and assistance for the Invasion of another Kingdom was not now able to defend it self the Governour so was Montross dignified being seized of all places almost of strength even as far as Edinburgh where some Royal prisoners were delivered to him The Estates of Scotland therefore sent for David Lesley while Montross expected Forces from the King under the Lord Digby which staid too long and were afterwards defeated at Sherburn in York-shire Upon the arrival of Lesley most of the Forces under Montross not dreading any Enemie so soon out of England were departed home so that Lesley finding Montross in a very weak condition at Philips-Haugh fell upon him before he could retreat almost before his Scouts could give him intelligence and there routs him He at first resolved to lose his life with the field but being perswaded of better hopes he resolutely charged thorow and brought the flying remains of his Army safe into the High-lands where he began new Levies But the fortune of the King failing every where he was the next year ordered by the King then in the Scots custody to disband and depart the Kingdom And so we leave him till a more unhappy revolution of time In the beginning of this year Colonel Massey received a defeat at Lidbury the manner thus Prince Rupert who had for some time quartered thereabouts to make new Levies had intercepted some Scouts and by them understood the Col. had taken up his quarters there intending to fall upon Sir Iohn Winter who had been his restless adversary throughout the War in Gloucester-shire and who being called into the Army had tired his house which he had maintained as a Garison against all opposition When the Prince was within half a mile of the Town Massey took the Alarm commanded his Horse to mount and gave order for his Foot to march that the Royalists might not get before them which the Prince aimed at A furious Charge the said Horse maintained consisting principally of Officers among whom was Kirl that betrayed Monmouth at last Massey was forced to flye narrowly escaping taking Major Backhouse his great second being mortally wounded with divers others and some common Souldiers taken Prisoners the rest fled to Gloucester in haste with the Governour But that which deservedly ought to begin the year was the investiture of Sir Thomas Fairfax in the supreme Command of the Army It was the first of April when he received his Commission and on the twenty third of April he went from London to Windsor to perfect the new Model where he continued in that troublesome affair to the end of the month In the mean time Colonel Cromwel who had been commanded out of the West by the Ordinance of the Parliament against Members continuance in any Military command whose limitations of forty days was then expired came thither to salute the General and next morning was stopped there with a dispensation from his attendance on the House for forty days longer which was extended to the length For Prince Rupert and his brother Maurice had gathered a competent Army of Horse in Worcester-shire and the confines of Wales and were ordered by the King to come and fetch him off with his Infantry and Train of Artillery from Oxford To which purpose a Convoy of Horse was presently dispatched consisting of near 2000 being the Regiments of the Queen the Earl of Northampton the Lord Wilmot and Colonel Palmer while the Princes advanced in a body after them Upon advertisement thereof the Committee of both Kingdoms recommended it to the General to send Lieutenant-General Cromwel with some Horse to march beyond Oxford and lye on the way to Worcester to intercept the same Convoy With a party of Horse and Dragoons therefore then on the field neither mustered nor recruited as of the new Model Cromwel immediately marched found the enemy and engaged them neer Islip-bridge routed them took 400 Horse and 200 Prisoners and the Qeens Standard And to make up this a kind of a victory presently summoned Blechington-house within four miles of Oxford where Colonel Windebank
clock in the morning to retard the Royalists March with their Horse By five a clock they Rendezvouzed neer Naseby and immediately great bodies of the Kings Horse were discerned on the top of the hill short of Harborough which shewed that he intended not to draw away but that he would come forward and engage them on the ground where they stood which they presently took the best advantage of possessing the edge of a hill from which they afterwards retreated 100 paces that the Kings Army marching upon plain ground might not well discern in what form their Battel was drawn nor see any confusion therein The King being falsly informed that the Parliaments Army was drawing off in haste and flying to Northampton marched on with the greater precipitancy leaving many of his Ordnance behind him The place of the fight was a large fallow-field on the Northwest-side of Naseby flanked on the left with a hedge which was lined with Dragoons to prevent the annoying of the left flank of the Parliaments Army that was drawn up in this posture Leiutenant-General Cromwel commanded the right Wing of Horse wherein were five Regiments and the addition of Colonel Rossiters Troops who was newly come when the fight began and took his post there Commissary-General Ireton commanded the left Wing of Horse and Dragoons and the General and Major-General Skippon the main Battel of Foot Both the Wings of Horse charged together upon the King 's who were drawn in the same Order and marched swiftly but very regularly upon the Enemy Colonel Whaley being in the right Wing charged first two Divisions of Horse of the Kings left Wing commanded by the Lord Langdale who made a gallant resistance firing at a very close charge and came to the Sword but were by force Routed and driven back to Prince Ruperts Regiment being the Reserve of the Kings Foot But the whole Right Wing of the Parliaments advancing which was with some difficulty by reason of a Coney-warren they passed they were totally routed after a Rally made and put to flight from which they never returned to their ground again so that in this part there was an absolute Conquest The success of the left Wing which charged the right Wing of the Kings was quite contrary Prince Rupert commanding it according to his wonted custome charged furiously and broke in upon and routed the three rightmost Divisions of that left Wing which was also distressed by a Brigade of the Kings Foot in which Ireton himself charged and therein being run through the Thigh with a Pike and into the face with a Halbert was taken Prisoner and kept so till the battel and fortune of the day changing he changed his condition giving his Keeper that liberty which he timely offered and came over to Sir Thomas Fairfax The left Wing being thus routed Prince Rupert pursued his advantage and success almost to Naseby-Town in his return summoning the Train and offering them Quarter who instead of accepting it fired lustily upon him who despairing of forcing it being well guarded by Fire-locks and perceiving the Success of the right Wing of Horse retreated in great hast to the rescue of his friends whom he found in such general distress that instead of attempting any thing in their Relief being close followed in the Rear by the Parliaments Horse of both Wings who were joyned he stopped not until he came to the ground where the King was rallying his broken Forces himself in person In the main Battel the Kings Regiment Sir Bernard Ashley's and Sir George Lisle's Tertia's stood manfully to it their Horse being in the Rear of them but could no way assist them being kept from it by part of the Enemies Horse who kept them in action the other part fell in with their own Foot and joyntly poured their whole strength upon the Kings Infantry which now except one Tertia were all at mercy the Reserves being likewise routed This standing parcel of Foot Cromwel endeavoured to break with his Horse attempting them in Flank Front and Rear but in vain till the Generals own Regiment of Foot came up and fell in with the butt-end of their Musquets the Horse Charging them at the same time and so trampled them down The King had now nothing in the Field but his Horse where he himself was which he had put in as good order as the time and the near pressing of the Enemy would permit which Fairfax perceiving he resolved to stay for his Foot who were a quarter of a mile behind him that he might not put the day in hazard again As soon as they came up the Horse opened at great distance to receive their Foot in the midst of them and stood again in the same form of Battalia as before the commencement of the Fight having not onely the advantage of ground but the Kings Artillery who besides had no Foot to entertain the levelled Volleys against his Cavalry During this respite the Dragoons of Fairfax under Colonel Okey advanced a person miserable by nothing more than his valour which betrayed him to the Artifices of Cromwel in the matter of the King and with notable courage and smartness fired upon the Kings Troops his Majesty now discharging the part of a Souldier animating his men to a second round Charge upon the Horse opposite to him not yet secured by their Infantry but they soon appearing the gallantry of that resolution was lost and the danger and despair of doing any good by any further resistance prevailed against the Kings entreaties and indeed against the reasonableness of the attempt For who can but expostulate the misery of this day the Troops of those calamities that broke in upon the Kingdom sadly upbraiding the relasch and weakness of that Cavalry which might by a generous Bravery have saved themselves their honour the King and the Kingdom and which is more the innocence of the Nation But the Justice and over-ruling Wisdom of Almighty God vouchsafed not his assistance and favour to those Arms reserving the Honour and Reputation of the Cause they defended to his unquestionable all-puissant Arm that it might hereafter be transcribed to posterity from the visible and glorious manifestations of Digitus Dei Read then and peruse with thine eyes O guiltless Posterity the Fates of the flying Royalists on whom for fourteen miles the despicable condition of the Enemy but that morning proving the most potent and formidable strength the Parliamentarians did Execution no parties of them making any notable resistance but were freed from the extremity of the pursuit more by the tire of their enemies Horse than by the celerity of their own The Prisoners taken at this fight were 6 Colonels Commissioned and Reformadoes 8 Lieutenant-Colonels 18 Majors 70 Captains 8 Lieutenants 80 Ensignes 200 other inferiour Officers besides 4 of the Kings Footmen 13 of his houshold 12 pieces of Ordnance 8000 Arms 40 barrels of Powder 200 Carriages all
their Bag and Baggage the Kings Standard and neer 100 Colours of Horse and Foot and the dishonour of the Parliamentarians Triumph the Kings Cabinet of Letters published afterwards in a most impudent manner of which the King most elegantly complained by the irreconciliable Enemies of his and his Kingdoms peace The number of the Common Souldiers taken amounted to 4500 who were afterwards brought to London and enclosed in the new Church-yard in Westminster by Tuttle-fields from whence they were freed by another Captivity the service of forreign Princes This Battel was fought much upon equal advantage for number both of Horse and Foot the ground also as equal For the fury of the fight dispensed with the first commodiousness of the Campania which was uncertainly maintained by the diversity of Success being thereunto very fit by reason of its playnness which was a mile broad from the utmost Flank of the Right to the left Wing of the Parliaments Army who first disposed of it and the neutrality of the Wind favoured both alike The Commanders on both sides behaved themselves worthy of their places nothing can be faulted in matter of courage but the Northern Horse for the King who were disgusâ—ed in the beginning for that they fought unwillingly as resolute upon the enterprize of Pomfret To give them their particular dues will be too filling for this Volume we will onely mention my Lord Bard because this Chronicle hath given no former account of his Honour to which he rose from a Commoner by excellent services done the King and Colonel Iohn Russel of whom before in Marston-Moor the whitest name in the Roll of Fame And since it is by the Victor-party even by the General himself thought a crime this Relation shall not spread it He himself became the Command had it been lawful the other his Officers were men and pity onely they were English Skippon here received a mark of his Disloyalty The next day Colonel Iohn Fiennes with his Regiment was sent up to London by the General with the Prisoners and Colours taken in the fight who had been all along eminent in the services of that side The Kings Forces being thus vanquished Fairfax gave orders for the Army and Train to march after them the next day being Sunday without any more intermission the pursuit of the Victory being of parallel consequence with the obtaining of it These Orders were chearfully obeyed though the long march of the Foot for many days together and the vehemency of the Battel might have made them rest That night they quartered at Great Glyn four miles short of Leicester but the Horse came nearer which so much Alarm'd the Nobility and Gentry that had fled thither for security that they fled thence in great haste leaving the Lord Hastings to defend the place The King in the mean time not judging it safe to lodge at Leicester departed to Ashby de la zouch where he reposed himself some few hours but stayed not there making all speed he could from Litchfield in the night and from thence into Wales The other part of the rout being the Northern Horse under Sir Marmaduke Langdale fled incontinently from the Battel to Newark and narrowly escaped Sir Iohn Gell who was advancing with 2000 Horse from Nottingham to joyn with the General The General Fairfax was once unresolved whether he should presently march to relieve Taunton sorely distressed by the Lord Goring or undertake Leicester He had received full information of the strength of that Army and what a desperate forlorn condition Blake the Governour was in yet knowing that now there was no possibility of juncture with the King of which before the fight Goring had assured his Majesty within few days he resolved to reduce Leicester first On Munday the 16 of Iune the whole Army came before the Town when the General sent a Summons to the Lord Hastings to deliver it to the use of the Parliament who very resolutely refused them and thereupon command was given for a present Storm On the 17 being Tuesday great store of Ladders were brought in a Battery raised upon which two Demy-Cannons and a whole Culverin taken at Naseby were planted upon an old Work against the Newark being the very same Guns which the King not many days before had used against the same place Whereupon the Lord of Loughborough seeing this resolution of the enemy sent a Trumpeter out that day with Letters desiring a Parley concerning the surrender of the Town which began that evening and concluded in an agreement and on Wednesday morning Iune the 18 the Garrison marched out the Governour to Ashby-de-la-zouch the Souldiers and other Officers to Litchfield with staves onely in their hands There were taken in the Town 14 pieces of Ordnance 30 Colours 2000 Arms 500 Horse 50 barrels of Powder and other Ammunition proportionable thereunto Then consultation was held whether any Horse should be sent after the King who hastned to Hereford but the distress of Taunton in the West swayed the Parliaments Army thither-ward being newly mustered and gratified with their pay sent down from London With this intention the Army marched towards Marlborough where they should be nevertheless in the mid-way to Hereford and Taunton if the King should appear formidable but no such account being likely to be given of him they advanced further West-ward and by the way took in Highworth-Garrison and came to Salisbury where their General had notiâ—e that the Country-men under the Stile of Club-men were generally risen in those Counties being distinguished by a white Ribon in their hats and had been bickering with part of Major-General Massey's forces which were the onely considerable for the Parliament thereabouts and that there might be some suspition of danger either in their Quarters or in the field from them For it was supposed they were risen in favour of the King however they pretended a neutrality and preservation of themselves To this purpose they presented the General with two Petitions the one to the King the other to the Parliament desiring a Safe-conduct to go and deliver them They were reputed neer the number of ten thousand then ready at an hours warning to be embodyed together Armed with Country-weapons Bills and Pitchtorks and Clubs and some Fire-Armes under the command of one Mr. Hollis who transacted with Sir Thomas Fairfax in the matter aforesaid Their Demands were high though reasonable but of these men more anon Goring hearing of this advance of the Army made a semblance and show of drawing off from Taunton where Colonel Welden and the relief lately sent were besieged after he had marched some two miles the Garrison sally'd out to fall upon his Rear when on a sudden he faces about falls with fury and execution upon the party kills many and pursues the rest into the Town up to the very Gates and then sets down closer than before But his
and private concernment the King not able or unwilling to be enured to by a constant sight of them departed with his flying Army towards Wales again intending for the relief of Chester with this purpose on the 19 of September he came to Ludlow and there understood that General Pointz out of the North was dogging him at the heels being thereto appointed by the Committee of both Kingdoms expecting an advantagious juncture of time and place to fight him which upon the Kings neer advance to Chester offered it self It was fore-thought that his design was there and therefore it was agreed by the besiegers and Poyntz that as soon as the King should approach he should instantly engage and upon signal accorded on they should draw off leaving a convenient force to make good the Leaguer and joyn with him in the fight At Routon-heath within two miles of Chester the King made a halt to give notice to the besieged likewise when Poyntz desperately fell on and being far engaged was presently worsted and beaten the Kings Horse which was all his strength fighting couragiously but while he was Rallying again in the very nick of a compleat Victory to the King which had disowned and forsook him in come his Reserves commanded by Colonel Iones and Louthian with neer 1000 Horse and Foot which gave so much encouragement to Poyntz broken Forces that they returned to another Charge While the King was a musing what to do being beset in Front and Rear in fine he made another brave Charge where though he had the worst yet he made thereby his Retreat good in part though in some disorder and with loss particularly of that thrice-Noble Lord Bernard Stuart Earl of Litchfield the last of the three Illustrious Brothers of the Duke of Richmond late deceased and so got into Chester with the remains of his Army where there was no safety for him to continue but upon advice it was held expedient to depart again for Wales of the fixed affection of which people the King had had constant experience After so many disasters upon the neck of one another yet did not the King despair of his Arms nor with pusillanimity give himself over to the complaints of his hard Fortune Though he had lost Armies in the field and Fortresses and Cities in every Corner of the Kingdome yet was he inexpugnable and invincible in his own mind and in the Loyal affection and constant sincerity of his Friends and good Subjects whose firm adherence till he totally disarmed them himself by his express command and Gods Soveraign assistance and strengthning of him within when there was no help from without was admirable and more admirably improved in his Meditations on this subject FRom small beginnings on my part he let me see that I was not wholly forsaken by my peoples love or his protection My sins sometimes prevailed against the justice of my Cause and those that were with me wanted not matter and occasion for his just chastisement both of them and me Nor were mine enemies less punished by that prosperity which hardned them to contrive that Injustice by open Hostility which was begun by most riotous and Vnparliamentary Tumults I never had any Victory which was without my sorrow because it was on mine own Subjects who like Absalom died many in their sin And I never suffered any defeat which made me despair of Gods mercy and defence When Providence gave me or denyed me vitory my desire was neither to boast of my power nor charge God foolishly whom I beleived at last would make all things work together for my good I wished no greater advantages by the War than to bring my Enemies to moderation and my Friends to peace I was affraid of the temptation of an absolute Conquest and never prayed more for Victory over others than over my self When the first was denyed the second was granted me which God saw best for me For notwithstanding these sad losses so thick together the King by moving up and down recollecting the scatterings of several parties had gotten together a good body of Horse with which on the 10 of October he marched to Texford thence to Welbeck and quartered part of his Army at Blits the 13 day and rendezvoused the 14 at Walsop where to answer the instant request of the Marquess of Montross who was deâ—â—ated as beforesaid at Philipshaugh for some assistance in Horse he divided his Army and appointed Sir Marmaduke Langdale and the Lord Digdy to march Northwards and with all convenient speed to joyn with the said Marquess This they attempted while the King went for Newark taking such a way as amazed the Parliaments Forces whither they were designed or how they should way-lay them and intercept their passage About Sherburn they wheeled off and beat up a guard intending to rendezvous at Bramton-Brierly the whole number of their Horse amounting to neer 1600. At this Camisade they surprised at Sherborn and Mylford 800 Foot and disabled Colonel Wren's Regiment of Horse All their Arms they endeavoured to have carried off laying them in heaps on the street till they could get Carriages to convey them away While they were providing Colonel Copley and Colonel Lilburn who had attended their Motion fell upon them with the like number of fresh Horse and after a sharp dispute where Copley's Regiment were first defeated the Royalists were forced to give back and so fled Northwards the enemy recovering all their Arms and Prisoners took 400 of them Prisoners among the slain was Sir Francis Carnaby and Sir Richard Hutton with 40 more the Countess of Niddisdale and four or five Colonels twelve Captains and Officers and the best prize of all was the Lord Digby's Coach wherein besides the rich spoil were also the Trophees of other mens shame private Letters of the King 's which were published with those taken at Naseby to the great scandal of all ingenuous and civil people But as the War began with Tumults so it was to be ended with worse indignities those base and Vulgar Prostitutions The Lord Digby was met and routed again at Carlisle-Sands and from thence with 20 men got to the Isle of Man and so to the Marquess of Ormond in Ireland The King was at Newark where a dissention happned concerning this very misfortune as if it had not been calamitous enough it self while the King and the Lord Bellasis then Governour of that Town sided with the reputation of the Lord Digby against the imputation with which the two Princes Rupert and Maurice the Lord Gerrard Sir Richard Willis formerly Governour of the same charged him as disloyal and treacherous For upon tâ—â—s difference which was grown to a quarrel the Lord Gerrard and Sir Richard Willis with some hundreds more withdrew themselves in a discontent and laid down their Commissions and the two Princes as they were coming to take their leave of the King in the same mood were treating
with General Poyntz for Passes and Terms according to their respective qualities This was first agitated at Worton-house some fourteen miles from Newark and was accordingly entertained by the Parliament who gave Colonel Rossiter order to give such Passes and Conditions the severest whereof was That all persons going beyond Seas by Warrant of either Houses and after returning shall have neither pardon nor quarter given them by the Parliament The King staid at Newark about ten days it being reputed the safest Garrison he had for that there was no considerable enemy neer it and the Souldiers within were numerous and resolute and the place known to be tenable and well provided and besides lay most advantagious for the King to draw together any Force having lost and drayned most of his Garrisons in other Counties But upon this Feud and untowardness of his affairs he in the beginning of November departed from hence with a Convoy of 600 Horse to Oxford so free and safe was the passage in that part of England from any Armies while the Westermost Counties were full of them and labouring to be delivered But though the King escaped any Encounter the said Convoy returning home were set upon by General Poyntz and routed the sixth day of November and so shifted away to their Garrison while the Victor sets down before Belvoyr-Castle where Sir Gervas Lucas was Governour for the King summoned it and assaulted it but both to the like purpose till after a siege of four months the House and Castle was delivered up to him on the 2 of February upon honourable Conditions Sir Gervas and his Officers being convoyed to Litchfield Fairley-Castle in Somersetshire the Devises Lacock-House to Colonel Pickering Châ—pstow-Castle delivered to the Parliament the last to Colonel Morgan Governour of Gloucester and Berkley-Castle where Sir Charles Lucas commanded to Colonel Rainsborough after a Noble defence when the Out-works were taken and two Summons refused Sir Charles saying he would eat Horse-flesh first and mans flesh when that was done before he would yeild But upon the planting of the Guns upon those Works against the Castle was glad to Surrender and spare those dainties for another extremity when he made good his Bill of Fare The Devises and Winchester after a breach made in the Castle thereof by the great Guns surrendred by the Lord Ogle to Lieutenant-General Cromwel there marched out thence to Woodstock 700 men the chief whereof were the Governour Sir William Courtney Sir Iohn Pawlet and Doctor Curl Bishop of that Diocess to whom Hugh Peters offered some civilities A Reverend Prelate who resided amidst his Flock even in these days of danger and trouble and quitted not his Charge while he was suffered no longer to continue in it The period of the glory and honour of Basing-house was now approaching for thither next came Cromwel who after his Batteries were placed setled the several posts for the Storm Colonel Dalbeir on the North-side of the House next the Grange Colonel Pickering on his left and Sir Hardress Waller's and Colonel Mountague's Regiments next him The Storm was October the 14 at six in the morning Pickering stormed the new house passed through and got the gate of the old house whereupon the defendants beat a Parly but it would not be hearkened to In the mean time Mountague and Waller's Regiments assaulted the strongest Works where their Court of guard was kept which they resolutely recovered with a whole Culverin and drawing their Ladders after them got over another Work and the House-Wall before they could enter Sir Hardress Waller was slightly wounded here many of the defendants were put to the Sword being about one hundred and one Virgin Doctor Griffith's Daughter whom the enemy shamefully left naked of note Major Cuffle slain by the hands as supposed of Major since Major-General Harrison There were taken Prisoners 400 with their Officers among whom the Noble Marquess of Winchester himself and Sir Robert Peak the Governour who with the Colours also taken were sent up together to London This Fortress of Loyalty the place being called by that name Love Loyalty being written in every window of that spacious house which Mr. Peters said who gave the relation of its taking to the house of Commons would become an Emperor to dwell in by the spite and fury of a Rebellious crew was turned into Ashes to the incredible loss of the Marquess who notwithstanding in the very ruining of it was heard to say That if the King had no more ground in England but Basing-house he would adventure as he did and so maintain it to the utmost It was commonly called Basting-house and that truely enough but now it must needs crumble under the heavy load of the Kings adverse fortune which brought three Kingdomes with it to no less a ruine Great and rich was the plunder here one Common Souldier getting 300 pounds in silver and was left in an instant by his Camerades worth but one Half-crown of it all And no less was the quantity of provisions which were enough to suffice for some years All which came into the Conquerours hands entire with a Bed worth 1400 pounds who unhandsomly enough seized and disposed of them the account whereof will one day be as justly required These Services being over and the Western-Road cleared Cromwel was commanded to attend on the General now advanced after the Lord Goring in his way thither he came and besieged Langford-house belonging to the Lord of Colerain neer Salisbury and upon Summons had it delivered to him upon fair and equal Conditions October 18. While the General on the 19 intending to storm Tiverton the Chain of the Draw-bridge by one unlucky shot broke in two and let down the bridge whereupon the Souldiers ran in and seized all but the Church and Castle which were presently yeilded and quarter upon their asking for it given but plundered they were even to their skins Here was taken one Major Sadler an active valorous fellow who had revolted from the Parliament-side and had now held intelligence and proffered them the like service he had done the King for his pardon notwithstanding he was condâ—mned and yet made a shift to escape to Exeter where upon the same score of Treachery to them having understood of his practices by collusion no doubt of both parties and for deserting of his post at Tiverton he was sentenced and executed Here was also taken Sir Gilbert Talbot the Governour and 4 Majors and 200 Common Souldiers who were made Prisoners of War There was nothing now left the King in the West but what lay in the farthermost parts of Devonshire and Cornwal and 6000 Horse of whom the onely fear was left they might break through and get Eastward The Country therefore was commanded to keep diligent Watch and to be assistant in intelligence if the Royalists should attempt it and because it was Winter-time and the Army
Volume as would scarce be imagined In the interim of this March Colonel Rainsborough who had beleaguered Wood-stock and attempted it by storm with very great loss it being manfully defended and as well fortified had it at last Surrendred to him upon such Articles as manifested the Governours worth and honour in the acknowledgments thereby given him from his Enemies The King foreseeing that Oxford was the next place which they designed not to make his own Court his Prison what ever should be done by his Enemies if it should please God to reduce him to that distress resolved to withdraw himself in time to the Scotch Army who as was reported and generally believed had given him some assurance that not onely his Majesty but all others that adhered to him should be safe in their persons honours and consciences in their Army yet not to lay more upon them having so much already I can hardly credit it The manner of the traverse of the King is thus related He went out of Oxford as Colonel Rainsborough informed the Parliament who no doubt were well acquainted with it before for they had no other means to be rid of the Kings instances for Peace of which hereafter together that continually sounded in their ears so neer hand than to have him removed from so neer a convenience of personal accommodation in the disguise of a servant to Colonel Iohn Ashburnâ—am who was accompanied with one Mr. Hudson a Minister who for his singular Loyalty and fidelity was intrusted in the menage of that affair and for which he deserves a better remarque than this Chronicle can contribute or set upon him losing his life afterwards in the same Cause in 1648 in the Commotions of that unfortunate year By his Examination upon this business it appeared that the King came first to Henly then to Brainford and so neer London removed back to Harrow on the hill there being a general Training of the City-Forces in Hide-Park whither the King was expected to come General Essex being them in the field and his Majesty almost perswaded to venture himself into their hands but other Counsels prevailing he departed to St. Albans and thence to Harborough in Leicestershire where he expected the French Agent with some Horse to meet him and conduct him to the Scots but he mssing the King went yet uncertain and irresolute what to do to Stamford in Lincolnshire and thence to Downham in Norfolk from whence the examinant was sent to the Agent and upon his return they three passed into the Scotch Army where for the present we shall leave him with this account of it from the General of that Army to the Parliament at London which imported thus much That out of a desire to keep a right understanding between the two Kingdomes he acquainted them with a strange providence with which his Army was surprized together with their carriage and desires thereupon That the King came the 4 of May in so private a manner that after they had made some search for him upon the surmises of persons who pretended to know his face yet they could not find him out in sundry houses Trusting to our integrity we are so far perswaded that none will so far misconster us as to make use of this seeming advantage for promoting any other ends than are expressed in the Covenant We do ingenuously declare that there hath been no Treaty nor Capitulation betwixt his Majesty and us nor in our names leaving the ways and means of Peace unto the Parliament of both Kingdomes And with such twilight of language concluded This was the happiest oportunity that ever offered it self to do honour to the Scotch Nation who had the Peace of three Kingdomes but their own particular glory at their sole Arbitrement and how miserably they abused this advantage and how they debauched their duty to their Prince and their reputation to the World we will not descant upon since the Parliament of Scotland in the year 1661 have so passionately protested against the conduct of this business and have exempted from pardon whomsoever shall afterwards be found guilty of this most base and disloyal usage of the King of which in its time Before this adventure which the King would have avoided if the insolence of the prevailing Houses at Westminster could have been by any means rebated his Majesty had courted the Parliament to a Peace by several Letters and Messages from Oxford the abstracts whereof it will not be tedious to recite The first of them was soon after the aforesaid overture from the Prince by the Lord Fairfax and was onely to desire a Pass or Safe-conduct for the Duke of Richmond the Earl of Southampton John Ashburnham and Jeffery Palmer Esquires for their journey and continuance at Westminster being furnished with such Propositions as his Majesty was confident would be the foundation of an happy Peace To this Address if I may so term it though the Houses thought lesser of it as appears by their Answer they retort That had his Majesties intentions been the same with his pretences and expressions a happy Peace had been settled long since That they cannot agree to his desires as to the coming of those Lords and Gentlemen into their Quarters in regard the designe for Peace may be of dangerous consequence That they are in debate of Propositions which they will draw up and send to be signed by way of Bill by his Majesty This was in December 1645. The Reader will excuse this retrospection because we will repeat this transaction in its own series To this the King ten days after replies with more quickening Language That his Majesty cannot but extremely wonder that after so many expressions on their part of a deep and seeming sence of the miseries of this afflicted Kingdom and of the dangers incident to his person during the continuance of these unnatural Wars their many great and so often-repeated Protestations that the raising of these Arms hath been onely for the defence of Gods true Religion his Majesties honour safety and prosperity the peace comfort and security of his people they should delay a Safe-conduct to the persons mentioned in his Majesties Message of the 5 of this instant December which are to be sent unto them with Propositions for a well-grounded Peace A thing so far from having been denyed at any time by his Majesty whensoever they have desired the same that he believes it hath been seldome practised among the most avowed and professed Enemies much less from Subjects to their King But his Majesty is resolved that no discouragements whatsoever shall make him fail of his part in doing his utmost indeavours to put an end to these Calamities c. And therefore doth once again desire a Safe-Conduct This would not do neither the King therefore aggresseth them anothe way and offers a personal Treaty ten days after His Majesty laying aside all expostulations as rather losing time than
and War having eaten things most reluctant to nature till the Kings affairs 1645 being desperate he accepted of no less honourable than his York Conditions and was now deservedly and as the onely fit person intrusted with this chief Bulwark and Fortress of Loyalty By him many additions were made to render it impregnable one most dangerous to the enemy was that he had caâ—sâ—d the ground before the Trenches to be broke and digged into pits wherein he had driven stakes so that it was neither safe for Horse nor man if they should attempt to storm to approach the Works But all this strength availed not against the Fate upon the Kings Cause besides that there was some Division among the Nobles at Court to whom the King had left a power of Treating with the Enemy insomuch that after a Summons the Governour by the advice of the Lords condescended to a Treaty which was managed at Marston at Mr. Crooks House by Commissioners on both sides and after a long debate all Hostility being exercised in the mean time especially when it was thought they would agree the besieged shot their great Guns continually by which they did some hurt killing a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Works and Prince Rupert received a shot in a Salley that he made rather to take the air than out of any great designe the Treaty came to a conclusion upon very noble Terms which Fairfax was willing to grant not knowing but that he might have been forced to continue there till the depth of Winter at which time the over-flowing of the Rivers which were now diverted might make him rise and leave the Siege there being plenty of all provisions in the Town to maintain it beyond that time The Articles being tedious and like those of Exeter need no repetition On Wednesday the 23 of Iune according to Agreement Sir Thomas Glemham marched out with a Body of 3000 compleat Foot through two Files of the Enemy which were placed at the East-Gate and extended to Shotover-hill where their Horse were drawn up in the Rear in a Solemn Military posture and having marched to Tame 900 of them laid down their Arms and had Passes to their own houses the rest or the most part of them took service under Colonel Tillier one of the Garrison for the French and some for the Spaniard A thousand more marched out at the North-gate whose habitations were in Glocester-shire and the Counties that way Prince Rupert and Maurice departed on the Monday before to Oatlands upon special Articles for themselves and a number of Gentlemen on Tuesday besides near 2000 that staid aâ—â—er the Army was entred for Passes so that there could not be less than 7000 men besides three Auxiliary Regiments of Scholars and Townsmen which were disarmed by the General upon his entrance then in the Town being the very flower and the Chivalry of the Kings Army There marched out likewise the Duke of York the Marquess of Hartford the Earls of Dorset and Southampton the Duke of Richmond and Earl of Lindsey being comprised in the said Articles who departed Oxford some while before the Siege and rendred themselves the Lords Cottington Lane and Dunsmore Secretary Nicholas Sir George Lisâ—e and abundance of brave Gentlemen and Officers so that it was a pleasant martial fight and many were the spectators from London to behold their exit The Duke of York was conveyed to St. Iames's to his Royal Brother and Sister under the Government of the Earl of Northumberland from whence by means of Colonel Ioseph Bamfield he was conveyed away according to the directions of the Queen his Mother into Holland as some while before the Princess Henrietta after married to the Duke of Orleans was by the Lady Dalkeith her Governess privately carried into France In these Articles Faringdon was also included the Governour Sir George Lisle being then in Oxford ratifying the same Colonel Poyntz and Colonel Rossiter had joyned their Forces and with the access of the Scottish Army resolved to besiâ—ge Newark upon which they long had a hankering desire They began the Siege in December which was continued with all obstinacy the Town defending it self resolutely and by often Salleys annoyed the besiegers doing notable Execution upon them The Scots lodged on the North-side with 6000 men making good Muschams bridge Poyntz on the South-side Colonel Rossiter and Lebunt at Blechington Claypool the first time he appears in service now put on by Cromwel with Leicester and Ely forces at Bennington the Nottingham Brigade at Stoak where the Lord Bellasis the Noble stout Governour gave them such a Camisade by a sudden eruption that he totally routed their Horse Poyntz being there and had near surprized the Foot but that Rossiter came opportunely in and designing to get between the Salliers and the Town made them leave their Victory and make home in their way whither they defeated the said Colonel Rossiter and safely returned in at their Works Nevertheless and though General Leven with his Army was drawn off from Newark disgusted for want pay Poyntz would not give over but having turned the River Trent quite from the Town on the North-side and the Scots having taken Sands Fort before who paid dear for their Approaches and the other River being also turned aside and several Forts and Batteries new raised within Musquet-shot of the Town a second Summons was sent in unto the Governour which had not prevailed for all their bravado's of danger had they not been reinforced with a command from the King to his Lordship to make as good Terms as he could and deliver the place for that the Peace of the Kingdome might the sooner be râ—stored Accordingly on the 4 of May a Treaty was entred into the Articles very fair but not so comprehensive as those given by Fairfax but yet such as signified the noble Governours resolution and pointed at his great desert he having approved himself an eminent Souldier and Servant of his King and Country throughout the War and was afterward his Majesties Governour of his Town of Hull While the Army was marching to Oxford Colonel Whaley with a thousand Foot and-four Troops of Horse was sent to besiege Banbury who lay before it ten weeks ere the Governour would hearken to any Terms as nobly angry with the Fortune of his Cause as disdainfully vext with the disparagement of the Siege the Castle able to defie their entire Army and which had often disappointed and beaten several united strengths that beleaguered it But I cannot so regretfully partake with that Loyal Garrison as Mr. Sprig doth zealously with the Town in a Paragraph of his worthy observation and which mâ—â—â— very justly be construed in a better sense than he meant it being a full â—ccount of that once-famous place for Zealotry Banbury once a great and fair Market-Town before the late Troubles but now having scarce the one half standing to gaze on the Ruines of
need of the Army of their brethren the Scots in this Kingdom and that the sum of one hundred thousand pounds should be advanced and paid to that Army as followeth viz. 50000 l. after their surrender of Newcastle Carlile and other English Garrisons possessed by them in England and the other 50000 l. after their departure into Scotland and order should be taken for the payment of their Arrears This was a good come on and a handsome induction to greater sums in the mean while the Scotish Commissioners with their Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile Dulci address themselves to the Parliament with their glozing oratory protesting the good intention of their Army and Nation and obtesting some speedy satisfaction of money that they might not be burdensome to the Country assuring them on one hand of their complying with the Parliament according to Covenant and offering something for the King too a la Mode the same Covenant like the man in the Fable that could blow hot and cold with the same breath But where so many words pass between buyer and seller a man may suspect little honesty or reason in either To confirm this their firm adherence in all fairness to the Covenant Mr. Alexander Henderson the Moderator formerly in that illegal Assembly at Glasgow in 1639. and Commissioner here in England afterwards a famed preacher Scholar and Presbyter was set upon the King at Newcastle whom the King handled with that acuteness both in private Conferences and Disputes as also in discussive Papers of the Controversies of the Discipline of the Church of England and so well plyed him his Majesties prudent and laborious undertaking of this person serving to stop the weaker yet more malapert assaults of his English Reformists who followed this grand Pattern by asserting the practice and universal consent of the Primitive Church beyond any private or modern opinion whatsoever that it is more than credible that Mr. Henderson convinced in his conscience of the errours he had maintained to the promoting of Schism and Rebellion from such a Church and against so excellent a Prince whose Learning Clemency and Courtesie were alike eminent not long after upon his return or rather sending home into Scotland languished with grief and anxiety of mind and with plain symptoms thereof and no other outward cause dyed Mr. Stephen Marshal another Presbyterian Minister and a famous Teacher of the Covenant was there also but the King would not be troubled with his discourses having such cause of offence at his prayers which made him afterwards wholly decline any intercourse with him the Papers wherein he had so rationally refuted the same principles with Mr. Henderson being publike and therefore he might well be disobliged from further trouble in that Controversie Nor were the disputes less between the Scots Commissioners and the Parliament which every day came in Print being politick subtile wranglings for nothing de lana Caprina each party endeavouring to cajole the other into absurd beliefs meer names of things and distinctions as the Person of the King c. wholly imploying those State-Logicians with whom Majesty and duty were nonâ—Entia Into these frivolous jars Cromwel and his Army-Fellows put in their Pleas and suborned some serious fools to throw in their considerations of the matter which reflected bitterly on the Scots not by way of Reason but bold impudent aspersions and indeed as to them ungrateful and unmannerly dictâ—ries Those the Commissioners take notice of complaining to the Parliament but in vain the Independant party laughing secretly at the pudder they made for such trifles as Religion and Government which so forwardly and designedly they themselves had overthrown and aukwardly and scrupulously they would now seem to intend and establish It being generally received by them as proclaimed by others That all was but a Juggle and the conclusion credited that report Setting aside other punctilio's between them concerning Presbytery which now laboured grievously in the birth being ready for the Midwifery of an Ordinance and was hereby retarded A Proviso for Tender Consciences being to be added as a superfaetation of that Discipline by the Independents and rejected as an after-birth inlet and receptacle of all Heresies Sects and Schisms by the Scots of which there will be occasion hereafter matter of State shall be first related as coming first to the Kings consideration in the Propositions after ten months time sent to him by Commissioners while he was at Newcastle To omit also all their disputes concerning the obligations of the Covenant as to mutual interests and polity of Government whereby the one Kingdome might not act without the concurrence of the other insisted on by the Scots and waved by the Members because these shadows and the Covenant it self is vanished and the best friends of it would be loath to have these absurdities and clashings of the said League revived the Confederates as at the building of Babel such our after-Commonwealth being divided within three years time among themselves in the very language of it and some great promoters of it then calling it now an Old Almanack I say not to rake in this unconcerning matter which is intended to be forgotten let 's proceed onely with this due insertion of another matter That Cromwel seeing how the Scots drove at money for pay to ripen a division betwixt them and the Houses set Poyntz's Souldiery and Garrison of York where he was Governour to mutiny for pay and to force it as the Scots did whose example they pleaded and with the same blow to discard Poyntz first from the affection and then from the command of his Forces one suspected to be honester than the designes of the Army could suffer On the 11 of Iuly the Propositions were finished and sent to the King by the Earls of Pembroke and Suffolk Mr. Goodwyn Sir Walter Earl Sir Iohn Hippesly and Mr. Robinson who met on the way with a Message from the King to the Two Houses in answer to their demand for the Marquess of Ormonds disbanding in Ireland wherein he desires their Propositions as the readiest and safest way to gratifie them in that and other things conducing to the Peace of the Kingdom A little while before this also Monsieur Bellieure a French Ambassador being sent to accommodate the difference between the King and Parliament received thanks from the Parliament to whom he first addressed but the interposition of his Master was wholly denyed whereupon he did the like fruitless office to the King and having had some private Audience with him after many good morrows departed To keep a punctual account of the Prince his Son's peregrination the first forrain place we find him in is about this time at the French Court in Paris of which the Queen then there also gave notice to the King by Mr. Montril the French Agent residing there The Propositions sent now to the King were quarrelled at
the Kings sight now refused the delivery of the City without his Majesties Command so that after a Noble Treatment given the Commissioners they for the present ceased any further Transaction and shipped away the said Forces under Colonel Monck for Belfast in the North of Ireland where they did very good service against Oneal and his fellow-Rebels The conclusion of this Peace was as ill resented by the Nuncio and all the said Popish party as it was by the Parliament For the Catholick Armies having lately had several great successes and neither of the two other Kingdoms then in a condition to relieve that of Ireland thought upon nothing less than a shaking off the English yoak which so often in former ages they had attempted but never had the like probabilities as now the Clergy therefore who were generally addicted to the Spaniard under whose protection they would render themselves and the Nation thundered out Excommunication against any that should acquiesce in the said Peace and Agreement and with an Army of 17000 Horse and Foot resolve notwithstanding thereof to march and besiege Dublin This result begot a division among them as by the Marquess was afore consulted but yet so great a strength remained to that party against the Peace that the said Marquess was forced to resume his former Treaty with the Parliament concerning the delivery of those places he held to their Commissioners who being sensible how difficult a work it would prove to begin a new Conquest of that people if either by force or a Treacherous Peace they should possess themselves of that little that was left to the English Protestant interest did labour with the King the Marquess and the Scots that there might be no entertainment of any Accommodation with them being ready they said to Transport over a numerous Army to râ—duce and subdue that Rebellion which they pretended had ere long been done if the King would have permitted them by a complyance with their Propositions The King indeed was loth to abandon himself and his hopes in that Kingdom with his Forces in England and Scotland at the same time sadly foreseeing how the two Houses would use their Victory and plainly seeing how his Scotch Subjects had already abused him therefore he with no little reluctancy was brought to give way to the demand concerning Ireland but there being no remedy all the assurances he had from the Marquess and the Lord Digby as well as from the transaction of the Marquess of Worcester then Earl of Glamorgan being disappointed by the Rebels falseness and Treachery who indeed thought of nothing less than Peace whereby the English Forces there could not be spared to his assistance he consented to supersede and cease all manner of Treaty with the Enemy as aforesaid which it is probable they coming to understand did therefore the rather Violate their Accord which so unwillingly they entred into as doubting of the performance of it it being wholly out of his Majesties Power and Authority Whatsoever the matter was the Lord of Ormond was at last constrained as the lesser Evil to close with the Parliament and surrender of which and the War prosecuted there by them in the next year The 13 of September the Earl of Essex the former General dyed of an Apoplexy suddenly having for a little while before retired himself to his house at Eltham not without great suspicion of poyson or some such practice For he was known to have had his judgment rectified concerning the Quarrel and to have stickled for a composure of the War in the House of Peers and his influence on the Army not yet so weakned but that he could make a party there to any design he should stand for and the Reformadoes his fast friends He was an able Souldier confest whether so much a man disputed the reproaches of his debility that way as loud and unmannerly as the praises of his Valour and conduct were justly due and renowned The Royalists derided him with the stile of his OXCELLENCY jeering him with his two unfortunate Marriages first with the Lady Francis Howard from whom he was divorced for his impotency and frigidity quoad hanc and the Daughter of Sir Amias Pawlet in Wiltshire suspected of incontinency with Mr. Vâ—edal Her he had declined himself who during the War continued at Oxford while her Husband was in the field Nor did he suffer less reproach from the Pâ—anatick Rabble who prostituted his honour at the same rate They that were once most highly in love with his person scorning and contemning him like adulterous fondness which converts into extreme hate and contempt By them whom his popularity had estranged from their first love to their Prince was he alike repudiated with publike dicteries and representations in Pictures So Transitory is Vulgar esteem grounded no other where than upon levity and desire of change the deserved fate of such Grandees who with the specious debauchery of good Commonwealths-men and Patriots corrupt the minds and alienate the affections of the Subject to dote upon the bewitches and flatteries of Liberty of which such persons are held forth by their courtesie and affability to be the main assâ—rtors so that it may be said of this Earl that he was alike served with his wives and the Commonalty saving that by the last he lost his innocency and the real honour of his house and Family But the Parliament to which the Faction very readily concurred to make reparation for those indignities done him of which they could not otherwise acquit themselves ordered his Exequies to be performed in a very solemn and magnificent manner The Independent party to colour and allay with the pomp and honour of his Funerals the envy and suspicion of his death not grudging belike to make a golden bridge for a departing Enemy as they might well reckon him to prove to their succeeding designs when his duty to his injured Prince and love to his abused deluded Country and indignation of those affronts and contumelies put upon him should raise in him a spirit as able to lay that white Devil of Reformation as he was to conjure it up in the dreadful shape of an unnatural and disloyal War Cineri Gloria sera venit Mart. He was drawn in Effigie upon a Chariot from Essex-house in the Strand to the Abby-Church at Westminster where Mr. Vines an eminent Presbyterian Preached his Funeral-Sermon upon this Text Knowest thou not that a Prince is this day fallen in Israel very learnedly and elegantly most of the Parliament-Nobility in close mourning following him on foot The Effigie was afterwards placed in the uppermost Chancel in very great state till a rude vindictive fellow laid his prophane hands upon it and so defaced it privately in the night that it was by order removed Very few condolements were made after he being like to be soon forgotten who had neither interest nor relation to his Honour remaining dying childless
Souldiers and double Files clean through Westminster-hall up to the stairs of the House of Common and so through the Court of Requests to the Lords House the Souldiers looking scornfully upon many of these Members as they were instructed to know them that had sate in the absence of the Speakers and seated the Speakers respectively in their Chairs and was by them in return placed in a Chair of State where they gave him special thanks for his service to the Parliament and likewise appointed to signalize his desert a solemn day of Thanksgiving for the re-settlement of the Parliament their usual prophane and impious practice of mocking God to which they now added the abuse of the Creature at a Dinner provided for the Parliament and chief Officers of the Army by the City at whose costs they sâ—râ—eited while the Poor thereof starved through want of Trade which decayed sensibly in a short time no Bullion likewise being afterwards brought to the Mint Sir Thomas Fairfax was now likewise constituted Generalissimo so sudden their favour and so great their confidence of all the Forces and Forts in England to dispose of them at his pleasure and Constable of the Tower of London The Common Souldiers were likewise ordered a Months gratuity and the General remitted to his own discretion for what Guards he should please to set upon both Houses in such a servile fear were those Members that sate in the absence of the Speakers that they durst not dissent from any thing propounded by the contrary Faction The effect of this was that the Independents displaced immediately all Governours though placed by Ordinance of Parliament and put in men of their own party which they could not so currantly do before and by vertue of the same the Militia's of London Westminster and Southwark from whence was their sole danger which were all united before were now divided to make them the weaker the Lines of Communication dismantled that the Parliament and City mightly open to any sudden invasion that so they might have a perpetual and easie awe upon their Counsels and actions The Eleven Impeached Members before mentioned who had superseded themselves and were newly re-admitted the Army not being able to produce their Charge upon pretence of more weighty affairs now altogether withdrew and had Passes though some staid in London some for beyond Sea and other for their homes in the way whither one of them Mr. Nichols was seized on and basely abused by Cromwel another Sir Philip Stapleton one who had done them very good service passed over to Calice where falling sick as suspected of the Plauge he was turned out of the Town and perished in the way near to Graveling whose end was inhumanely commented on by our Mamaluke like Saints who inscribed it to the Divine Vengeance Having thus Levelled all things before them they proceed to an abrogation of all those Votes Orders and Ordinances that had passed in the absence of the said Speakers This was first carried in the Lords House without any trouble the Peers that sate there that time absenting themselves so that there was not more than seven Lords to make up their House By these an Ordinance was sent to the Commons for their concurrence to make all Acts Orders and Ordinances passed from the 26 of Iuly to the sixth of August following when the Members did return Void and Null ab initio This was five or six days severally and fully debated and as often put to the question and carried in the Negative yet the Lords still renewed the same Message to them being prompted and instigated by the Army rejecting their Votes nor would acquiesce but put them to Vote again contrary to the priviledge of the House of Commons nor could it pass for all the threats of the Sollicitour-General Saint Iohn one mancipated to the Faction nor the fury of Hazelrigg when he used these words Some Heads must fly off and he feared the Parliament of England would not save the Kingdom of England but that they must look another way for safety To which sence spoke Sir Henry Vane junior Thomas Scot Cornelius Holland Prideaux Gourdon Sir Iohn Evelin junior and Henry Mildway all Regicides and Contrivers of it until the Speaker perceiving some plain apparent enforcements must be used pulled a Letter out of his pocket from the General and General Council of the Army for that was now their stileâ— pretending he then received it which soon terrified the Members either by withdrawing themselves or sitting mute as if they had been Planet-struck into a compliance so that the next morning August the 20. in a thin House the Ordinance passed the procuring thereof being palpably and notoriously forced and Arbitrary This Letter to the Speaker was received by him over-night as was conceived with directions to conceal it if the Question had passed in the Affirmative But that not fadging it was was produced in the nick accompanied with a Remonstrance full of villanous language against those that continued sitting while the two Speakers were with the Army calling them pretended Members and taxing them in General with Treason Treachery and Breach of Trust declaring that if they shall presume to come there before they have cleared themselves that they did not give their assents to such and such Votes they should sit at their Peril and he would take them as Prisoners of War and try them at a Council of War Having thus invalidated or annihilated those Laws the Law-makers could not think to escape untouched Iudgement began with the House of Lords whose degenerate remnant upon an Impeachment carried up by Sir Iohn Evelin the younger of High Treason in the name of the Commons of England for their levying War against the King Parliament and Kingdom committed the Earls of Suffolk Lincoln and Middlesex the Lords Berkley Willoughby of Parham Hunsdon and Maynard to the Black Rod. Then divers of the House of Commons were suspended as Mr. Boynton others committed to the Tower as Recorder Glyn and Sir Iohn Maynard but the wrath of the Army â—ell principally on the Citizens the chief of whom were viz. the Lod Mayor Sir Iohn Gayre Alderman Adams Alderman Langham Alderman Bunch and Sheriff Culham with others these without any more ado than an Impeachment preferred against them by Miles Corbet one of the Regicides and Chair-man to the Close-Committee of Examinations to the House of Lords were never being called to any Bar sent Prisoners to the Tower of London where they lay a long time and could never obtain a Trial but at last sued out a precious and precarious liberty so that by this means the Spirit of Presbytery was quite daunted and the Independent Faction absolutely ruled the roast and were paramount Poyntz and Massey fled over to Holland and so escaped Having concluded this Contrast or Feud betwixt them we will see with what aspect they regard their Soveraign upon whom
having worried one another in this despiteful manner they fly as freely as if there had been no such quarrel His Majesty after several removes by direction of the Council of Officers was brought to Hampton-Court whither on the 7 of September the Houses having hammered out the same substance of the former Propositions into a new but stranger shape sent Commissioners to whom were joyned some Scots in the like quality from that Kingdom The names of both were as followeth the Earls of Pembroke and Lauderdale Sir Iohn Holland Sir Charles Erskin Sir Iohn Cook Sir Iames Harrington Major-General Brown Mr. Hugh Kenedy and Mr. Robert Berkley The preface to which Propositions omitting themselves as recited before was this May it please your Majesty We the Lords and Commons Assembled in the Parliament of England in the name and in the behalf of the Kingdoms of England and Ireland and the Commissioners of the Parliament of Scotland c. Do humbly present unto your Majesty the humble Desires and Propositions for a safe and well-grounded Peace agreed upon by the Parliaments of both Kingdoms respectively unto which we pray your Majesties Assent and that they and all such Bills as shall be tendred to your Majesty in pursuance of them or of any of them may be Established and Enacted for Statutes and Acts of Parliament by your Majesties Royal Assent in the Parliaments of both Kingdoms respectively And never a good word after To these his Majesty being accustomed to the unreasonableness of the men in two days returns this Answer For the SPEAKER of the House of Lords c. C. R. HIs Majesty cannot chuse but be passionately sensible as he believes all his good Subjects are of the late great distractions and still languishing and unsetled state of this Kingdom And he calls God to witness and is willing to give Testimony to all the World of his readiness to contribute his utmost endeavours for restoring it to a happy and flourishing condition His Majesty having perused the Propositions now brought to him finds them the same in effect which were offered to him at Newcastle To some of which as he could not then consent without violation of his Honour and Conscience so neither can he agree to others now concerning them in many respects more disagreeable to the present condition of his Majesty than when they were formerly presented to him as being destructive to the main principal interests of the Army and of all those whose affections concur with them And his Majesty having seen the Proposals of the Army to the Commiâ—sioners from his two Houses residing with them therewith then to be Treated on in order to the clearing and securing the Rights and Liberties of the Kingdom and the settling of a just and lasting Peace to which Proposals as he conceives his two Houses are not strangers so he believes they will think with him that they much more conduce to the satisfaction of all interests and may be a fitter Foundation for a lasting Peace than the Propositions which at this time are tendered unto him He therefore Propounds as the best way in his judgement in order to Peace that his two Houses would instantly take into consideration those Proposals upon which there may be a personal Treaty with his Majesty and upon such other Propositions as his Majesty shall make hoping that the said Proposals may be so moderated in the said Treaty as to render them the more capable of his Majesties fuâ—l Concession wherein he resolves to give full satisfaction unto his People for whatsoever shall concern the settling of the Protestant Profession with Liberty to tender Consciences and the securing of the Laws Liberties and Properties of all his Subjects and the just Priviledges of Parliament for the future And likewise by his present Deportment in this Treaty He will make the world clearly judge of his intentions in matter of future Government In which Treaty his Majesty will be well pleased if it be thought â—it that Commissioners from the Army whose the Proposals are may likewise be admitted His Majesty therefore conjures his two Houses of Parliament by the Duty they owe to God and his Majesty their King and by the Bowels of compassion they have to their fellow-Subjects both for the relief of their present sufferings and to prevent future miseries That they will forthwith accept of this his Majesties offer that hereby the joyful news of Peace may be restered to this distressed Kingdom And for what concerns the Kingdom of Scotland mentioned in the Propositions his Majesty will very willingly Treat upon those particulars with the Scotch Commissioners and doubts not but to give reasonable satisfaction to that his Kingdom The Kings hâ—rping upon those Proposals of the Army acknowledging a greater equity and just mensuration and comprehensiveness of them and that they did much more conduce to the satisfaction of all interests and were a fitter foundation for a lasting Peace than the Propositions seemed very pleasing to Cromwel who complemented the King with the Armies glad sense of his preferring their ways and method to Peace before the Parliament's which would no doubt credit them likewise to the People not sticking to upbraid the Members with their disloyal and peevish carriage toward the King and yet secretly He enraged the Vulgar against him The Traytor yet knew that the King did but shew them Art for Art for that it was impossible to produce any thing out of that Chaos of their Proposals without a Divine Fiat which being made to serve onely as a temporary shift a bone of contention could not beyond the purpose of the Contrivers be durable it will be requisite therefore to take a short view of them that posterity may see what curious Legislators these Souldiers were and how well capacitated for Government Bless us from the Goblin this idaea of STRATOCRACY The first principle is the dissolution of the Parliament a preposterous beginning where Nature ends but yet not intended by them till they had served their own ends lust and ambition from whence these structures 1. That there be Biennial Parliaments and at more certainty than these 2. Each Biennial Parliament to sit 120 days certain afterwards adjournable or dissolvable by the King 3. This Biennial Parliament to appoint Committees to continue during the interval for such purposes afore mentioned in the Proposals 4. That the King upon the advice of the Council of State in the Intervals call a Parliament extraordinary with limitation of meeting and dissolving that the course of the Biennial one may never be interrupted 5. That a better rule of proportion may be observed in Electing all Counâ—ies to have a number of Parliament-Members competent to their charges as they are rated to the publike that no poor Boroughs have any more Elections and that an addition of Members may be allowed great Counties that have now less than their due proportion and that effectual provision
Army Whaley having first taken up the Papers which the King had left the contents of which are as follow the first superscribed To the Lord Mountague of Boughton MOUNTAGUE FIrst I do hereby give you and the rest of your fellows thanks for the civilities and good conversations that I have had from you Next I command you to send this my Message which you will finde on the Table to the two Houses of Parliament and likewise to give a Copy of it to Colonel Whaley to be sent to the General Likewise I desire you to send all my Saddle-Horses to the Duke of York For what concerns the resolution that I have taken my Declaratory Message says so much that I refer you to it and so I rest Your Assured Friend C. R. The second to Colonel Whaley Col. WHALEY I Have been so civilly used by you and Major Huntington that I cannot but by this parting farewel acknowledge it under my Hand as also to desire the continuance of your Courtesie by the protecting of my Houshould-stuff and Moveables of all sorts which I leave behind me in this House that they be neither spoiled nor Imbez'led Only there are here three Pictures which are not mine that I desire you to restore to wit my Wives Picture in Blew sitting in a Chair you must send to Mrs. Kirk my Eldest Daughters Picture Copied by Belcan to the Countess of Anglesey and my Lady Stanhop's Picture to Cary Raleigh There is a Fourth which I had almost forgot it is the Original of my Eldest Daughter it hangs in this Chamber over the board next the Chimney which you must send to my Lady Aubigney So being confident that you wish my Preservation and Restitution I rest Your Friend C. R. CHARLES REX I assure you it was not the Letter you shewed me yesterday that made me to take this resolution nor any Advertisement of that kind But I confess that I am loath to be made a close Prisoner under pretence of securing my life I had almost forgot to desire you to send the Black Grew Bitch to the Duke of Richmond The third was the Message to both Houses CHARLES REX LIberty being that which in all times hath been but especially now is the common Theme and desire of all men common Reason shews that Kings less than any should endure Captivity And yet I call God and the World to Witness with what patience I have endured a tedious Restraint which so long as I had any hopes that this sort of my suffering might conduce to the Peace of my Kingdoms or the hindring of more effusion of Blood I did willingly undergo But now finding by too certain proofs that my continued patience would not only turn to my Personal ruine but likewise be of much more prejudice than furtherance to the Publike good I thought I was bound as well by Natural as Political Obligations to seek my safety by retiring my self for some time from the publike view both of my Friends and Enemies And I appeal to all indifferent men to judge if I have not just cause to free My self from the hands of those who change their Principles with their Condition and who are not ashamed openly to intend the destruction of the Nobility by taking away their Negative Voice and with whom the Levellers Doctrine is rather countenanced than punished And as for their intentions to My Person their changing and putting more strict Guards upon Me with the discharging most of all those Servants of Mine who formerly they willingly admitted to wait upon Me does sufficiently declare Nor would I have this My Retirement misinterpreted for I shall earnestly and uncessantly endeavour the settling of a safe and well-grounded Peace wherever I am or shall be and that as much as may be without the effusion of Christian Blood For which how many times have I desired prest to be heard and no ear given me And can any reasonable man think that according to the ordinary course of affairs there can be a settled Peace without it or that God will bless those who refuse to hear their King Surely no! nay I must further add that besides what concerns My self unless all other chief Interests have not onely a hearing but likewise just satisfaction given unto them to wit the Presbyterians Independents Army those who have adhered to Me and even the Scots I say there cannot I speak not of miracles it being in My opinion a sinful presumption in such cases to expect or trust to them be a safe or lasting Peace Now as I cannot deny but My Personal security is the urgent cause of this My Retirement so I take God to Witness that the Publike Peace is no less before My eyes and I can finde no better way to express this My Profession I know not what a wiser man may do than by desiring and urging that all chief Interests may be heard to the end each may have just satisfaction As for example The Army for the rest though necessary yet I suppose not difficult to content ought in My judgment to enjoy the Liberty of their Consciences have an Act of Oblivion or Indempnity which should extend to all the rest of My loving Subjects and that all their Arrears should be speedily and duely paid which I will undertake to do so I may be heard and that I be not hindered from using such lawful and honest means as I shall chuse To conclude Let Me be heard with Freedom Honour and Safety and I shall instantly break through this Cloud of Retirement and shew My self to be Pater Patriae From the hazard of a faigned attempt to be made on His person behold the Majesty of so excellent a Prince really endaâ—gered and in the very pit of destruction which his Enemies had digged for him For upon notice given to Hamond by the said Attendants of the Kings Adventure which they would have to be valued at no less than His Liberty He presently replied that for security of Him from danger he would undertake but His Liberty and that were inconsistent nor could be answer it to his Superiors the Army and Parliament whereupon since they perceived the necessity of yielding to these terms they Boated over with him accompanied by one Captain Basket to the place where the King was who delivered Himself into their hand and was presently conveyed over to the Castle of Carisbrooke in the said Island In the interim the Parliament had made it High Treason for any man to conceal His person and with Spies and Guards laid every place to intercept Him but being soon informed by Hamond that He was in his custody they derived their fury upon those Gentlemen that accompanied Him commanding Hamond to send them up to London to be proceeded against which he refused pretending first the just offence thereby given the King in removing His only Friends and Familiars then his Honour engaged as he said for their indempnity and
declaring that what they had done therein was out of a desire of the Peace of the Kingdom whereas the meaning was that their safety and protection was obliged partly to that unwitting service they had done the Faction who were honourably pleased to shield those who had skreened them from the odium of that unfortunate and pernicious Escape and partly to the King who interposed himself in the matter declaring If those Gentlemen were taken and punished as evil doers for Counseling Him not to go out of the Kingdom but rather to come to the place where he now is for the ends aforesaid and for their endeavours in attending Him thither He cannot but expect to be dealt with accordingly His Case being the same The next consideration of this affair by the Parliament was a result of five Votes which forbad any Cavaliers or Papists to be admitted in the Island and left the guard of his Person and the nomination of Officers to attend Him to the General and allowed 5000 l. for the expences of his Court the last of which Hamond quarrelled at as an incompetent pittance but it 's questionable whether he meant not for himself and no doubt he was better paid for his service He also required more aid that forsooth he might be as good as his word in keeping the King in security and out of danger who having passed Per varios casus per tot discrimina rerum ad Latium tendit so many perils and discouragements gave not yet over his endeavours after Peace but with a just resolution of not being denied this time when he now granted almost the whole controversie He wooes them in this Message from His Prison at Carisbrook where He had only the liberty of the Walls under a Guard It indeed comprehends and clears all the differences between the King and Parliament CHARLES REX HIs Majesty is confident that before this time His two Houses of Parliament have received the Message which he left behinde Him at Hampton-Court the 11th of November by which they will have understood the reasons which enforced Him to go from thence as likewise his constant endeavours for the settling of a safe and well-grounded Peace wheresoever he should be And being now in a place where he conceives himself to be at much more freedom and security than formerly He thinks it necessary not only for making good his own Professions but also for the speedy procuring of a Peace in these languishing and distressed Kingdoms at this time to offer such grounds to His two Houses for that effect which upon due examination of all Interests may best conduce thereunto And because Religion is the best and chiefest Foundation of Peace His Majesty will begin with that particular That for the abolishing Arch-bishops Bishops c. His Majesty clearly professeth that he cannot give his consent thereunto both in relation as he is a Christian and a King For the first he avows that he is satisfied in his judgment that this Order was placed in the Church by the Apostles themselves and ever since that time hath continued in all Christian Churches throughout the World until this last Century of years and in this Church in all times of Change and Reformation it hath been upheld by the wisdom of His Ancestors as the great preserver of Doctrine Discipline and Order in the Service of God As a King at his Coronation He hath not onely taken a Solemn Oath to maintain this Order but His Majesty and His Predecessors in their Confirmation of the Great Charter have inseparably woven the Rights of the Church into the Liberties of the rest of their Subjects And yet he is willing it be provided that the particular Bishops perform the several Duties of their Callings both by their Personal residence and frequent Preaching in their Dioceses as also that they Exercise no Act of Iurisdiction or Ordination without the consent of their Presbyters and will consent that their Powers in all things be so Limited that they be not grievous to Tender Consciences Wherefore since His Majesty is willing to give ease to the Consciences of others He sees no reason why he alone and those of his Iudgement should be pressed to a Violation of theirs Nor can His Majesty Consent to the Alienation of Church-Lands because it cannot be denied to be a sin of the Highest Sacriledge as also that it subverts the intentions of so many Pious Donors who have laid a heavy Curse upon all such prophane Violations which His Majesty is very unwilling to undergo And besides the matter of Conscience His Majesty believes it to be a prejudice to the Publike Good many of His Subjects having the benefit of renewing Leases at much easier rates than if those Possessions were in the hands of Private men Not omitting the discouragement which it will be to all Learning and Industry when such eminent rewards shall be taken away which now lye open to the Children of the meanest persons Yet His Majesty considering the present great distempers concerning Church-Discipline and that the Presbyterian Government is now in practice His Majesty to eschew Confusion as much as may be and for the satisfaction of His two Houses is content that the said Government be Legally permitted to stand in the same condition it now is for three years provided that His Majesty and those of his Iudgement or any other who cannot in Conscience submit thereunto be not obliged to comply with the Presbyterian Government but have free Practice of their own Profession without receiving any prejudice thereby and that a free Consultation and Debate be had with the Divines at Westminster twenty of his Majesties nomination being added unto them whereby it may be determined by his Majesty and the two Houses how the Church-Government after the said time shall be setled or sooner if differences be agreed as is most agreeable to the Word of God with full Liberty to all those who shall differ upon Conscientious Grounds from that Settlement Always provided that nothing aforesaid may be understood to tolerate those of the Popish Profession nor the exempting of any Popish Recusant from the penalties of the Laws or to tolerate the publike profession of Atheism or Blasphemy contrary to the Doctrine of the Apostles Nicene and Athanasian Creeds they having been received by and had in reverence of all the Christian Churches and more particularly by us of England ever since the Reformation Next the Militia being that right which is inseparably and undoubtedly Inherent in the Crown by the Laws of this Nation and that which former Parliaments as likewise this hath acknowledged to be so His Majesty cannot so much wrong that Trust which the Laws of God and the Land hath annexed to the Crown for the protection and security of his people as to Devest himself and His Successors of the Power of the Sword Yet to give an infallible evidence of His desire to secure the
and to carve to the Grandees the spoils of the Kingdom which were to be secured by these misunderstandings But against these Writers there appeared a Champion of Loyalty Judge Ienkins who out of the Parliaments Wrath with the Earl of Cleveland Sir Lewis Dives Sir Iohn Stawel and others Royalists was Committed to the Tower and being brought to the Chancery-Bar refused to own the Court and the Authority thereof and so was remanded in Order to a Tryal at the Kings-Bench where in the meâ—n while he fully Answered all those Cavils against the King by Reason Law and from the Parliaments own words and Declarations ridling their nice time-serving distinction of the Kings Person and Authority his Politick and Natural Capacity to be a meer Fiction never heard of before and that their as bold assumption of the Kings Vertual presence in the two Houses was also and alike Treasonable as he cited in the Case of the two Spencers in the 7 of Edward the 2. from their own Oracle Sir Edward Coke in the 7 part of his Reports fol. 11. He then runs over the whole Case and state of the Question and Dispute betwixt the Royalists and Parliamentarians which being published incredible it is how greedily they were bought up and how many honest people undeceived so that His Majesties Cause was every where under the nose of the Faction well spoken of We will for the honour of that Noble person give this short and summary account of it as a Sea-mark to Posterity First The Royalists have aided the King in this War contrary to the Parliaments Negative Oath and Votes warranted by the Statute of 25 Ed. 2. ch 2. They have maintained the Commission of Array by the Kings Command against their Votes by the Statute of the 5 Hen. 4.3 They have maintained Arch-bishops Bishops c. from Magna Charta and many other Statutes 4. They have maintained the Book of Common prayer warranted by five Acts of Parliament in Edw. 6. Queen Eliz. for Libels against which and Church-Government some have been Executed 5. They maintained the Militia of the Kingdom to belong to the King from the Statute of the 7 Edw. 1. and many Statutes since 6. They maintained the Counterfeiting of the Kings Great Seal to be High Treason as likewise the usurpation of the Kings Forts Ports and Shipping c. from the said Statute of 25 Ed. 3. and divers others since and the practice of all times 7. They maintain that the King is the only Supreme Governour in all Cases the Parliament that his Majestie is to be governed by them The former's warrant is the Statute of Queen Eliz. c. 8. They maintain that the King is King by an inherent Birth-right by Nature by Gods Law and by the law of the Land These say that his Kingly Right is an Office upon Trust. Their warrant is the Statute of the 1 of King James and the 5 of Queen Eliz. 9. They maintain that the politick capacity is not to be severed from the natural vide Coke as before their Oracle who hath declared to posterity that it is Damnable Detestable and Execrable Treason 10. They maintain that who aids the King at home or abroad ought not to be molested or questioned for the same These practice the contrary Their warrant is the Statute of 11 Hen. 7. 11. They maintain that the King hath power to disassent to any Bill agreed by the two Houses which these deny Their warrant is the Statute of 2 Hen. 5. the practice of all times the 1 Car. ch 7. and 1 Jam. ch 1. 12. They maintain that Parliaments ought to be holden in grave and peaceable manner without Tumults These abet and keep guards of armed men to wait upon them Their warrant is the Statute of 7 Edw. 2. 13. They maintain that there is no State within this Kingdom but the Kings Majesty and that to adhere to any other State within this Kingdom is High Treason Their warrant is the 3 of King Jam. and 23 Eliz. 14. They maintain that to levy a War to remove Counsellours to alter Religion or any Law established is High Treason These hold to the contrary Their warrant is the resolution of the Iudges Queen Elizabeth and Sir Edward Coke 15. They maintain that no man should be imprisoned put out of his lands but by due Course of Law and that no man ought to be adjudged to Death but by the Law established These have practised the contrary in London Bristol and Kent Their warrant is Magna Charta ch 29. The Petition of Right 3 Car. and divers others 16. They believe what the Laws say that the King can do no wrong that He is Gods Lieutenant and not able to do an unjust thing These charge Him with the spoil and blood of His Subjects which false imputation was like the rest of their actions contrary to all Law Reason Christianity or Humanity This eye-salve made the wilfully blinde more peevish and fuller of smart and anguish so that they were resolved to have hanged him but he had so hedged up their way to it by upbraiding them with their former Illegal and Tyrannical Cruelty that they only kept him in a strict duress which was enlarged by degrees till the time of Restitution 1660 when he was in health and at perfect freedom He was a great stickler likewise in the Feud betwixt the Presbyterian and Independent siding with the Army and doctrinating them with the Principles of Allegiance which they pretended to and animating them against the Parliament by perswading them that all their Ordinances made for their Indemnity and Arrears were insignificant and invalid and were but so many blinds for the present and that their security and satisfaction depended wholly upon the King which designe of his in that juncture of time did operate successfully until the cause of the contention ceasing Cromwel having mastered and surmounted all the rubs to his designe the effect the ruine of both likewise failed Miserable now were the complaints from several parts of the Kingdom by reason of the burden of Free-quarter In the third year of King Charles upon the Expedition for the Isle of Rhee the Lords and Commons in their Petition of Right when not above 2 or 3000 Souldiers were thinly Quartered upon the people but for a Month or two complained thereof to his Majesty as a great grievance contrary to the Laws and Customs of the Realm and humbly prayed as their right according to the Law of the Land that he would remove it which his Majesty presently granted Yet now though the Country was ten times more oppressed no remedy could be had the Army under pretence of Lodging Fire and Candle taking all other necessaries for which if at any time they pretended to offer money yet durst none take it for fear of greater damage the spoiler being only triable by a Council of War This the Souldiers were taught likewise by their Adjutators to
Successors except by repeal of these Bills but also the making his Concessions guilty of the greatest pressures that can be made upon the Subject as in other particulars so by giving an Arbitrary and unlimited power to the two Houses for ever to raise and levy for Land and Sea-service of what persons without distinction and quality and to what numbers they please and likewise for the payment of the Arrears to levy what monies in such sort and by such ways and means and consequently upon the Estates of whatsoever persons as they shall think fit and appoint which is utterly inconsistent with the Liberty and Property of the Subject and his Majesties Trust in Protecting them so that if the major part of both Houses shall think it necessary to put the rest of the Propositions into Bills his Majesty leaves the world to judge how unsafe it would be for him to Consent thereunto and if not what a strange condition after passing those four Bills his Majesty and all his Subjects would be cast into And here his Majesty thinks it not unfit to wish his two Houses to consider well of the manner of their proceeding That when his Majesty desires a personal Treaty with them for the setling of a Peace they in answer propose the very subject matter of the most essential part thereof to be first granted a thing which will be hardly credible to posterity Wherefore his Majesty Declares That neither the desire of being freed from this tedious and irksome condition of life his Majesty hath so long suffered nor the apprehension of what shall befal him in case his two Houses shall not afford him a personal Treaty shall make him change his Resolution of not-consenting to any Act till the whole be concluded Yet then he intends not onely to give just and reasonable satisfaction in the particulars presented to him but also to make good all other Concessions mentioned in his Message of the 16 of Novemb. last which he thought would have produced better effects than what he finds in the Bills and Propositions now presented unto him And yet his Majesty cannot give over but now again earnestly presseth for a personal Treaty so passionately is he affected with the advantages which Peace will bring to his Majesty and all his Subjects of which he will not at all despair there being no other visible way to obtain a well-grounded Peace However his Majesty is very much at ease within himself for having fulfilled the Offices both of a Christian and a King and will patiently wait the good pleasure of Almighty God to incline the hearts of his two Houses to consider their King and Compassionate their fellow-Subjects Miseries Given at Carisbroke-Castle Dec. 28. On the third of Ianuary following this Answer was debated in the House of Commons And first Sir Thomas Wroth had his Cue set by the Faction to run high and to feel the pulse of the House which was uttered in this or the like Expression That Bedlam was appointed for Mad-men and Tophet for Kings That our Kings had carried themselves of late as if they were fit for no place but Bedlam That his Humble Motion should consist of three parts 1. To secure the King and keep him in some close Inland-Castle with Guards 2. To draw up Articles of Impeachment against him 3. To lay him by and settle the Kingdom without him He cared not what Form of Government they set up so it were not by Kings and Devils Then Commissary Ireton seeming to speak the sense of the Army under the notion of many Godly men who had ventured their Lives to subdue their Enemies said after this manner The King had denied Safety and Protection to his People by denying the four Bills That Subjection to him was but in lieu of his Protection to his People this being denied they might well deny any more Subjection to him and settle the Kingdom without him That it was now expected after so long patience they should shew their resolution and not desert those Valiant men who had engaged for them beyond all possibility of Retreat and would never forsake the Parliament unless the Parliament forsook them first After some more debate when the House was ready for the Question Cromwel brought up the Rear and giving an ample Character of the Valour good affections and Godliness of the Army argued That it was now expected the Parliament should Govern and Defend the Kingdom by their own power and resolutions and not teach the people any longer to expect Safety and Government from an Obstinate Man whose heart God had hardned That those men who had defended the Parliament from so many dangers with the expence of their blood would defend them herein with Fidelity and courage against all opposition Teach them not by neglecting your own and the Kingdoms safety in which their own is involved to think themselves betrayed and left hereafter to the Rage and Malice of an irreconcileable Enemy whom they have subdued for your sake and therefore are likely to finde his future Government of them insupportable and fuller of Revenge than Iustice Lest despair teach them to seek their safety by some other means then adhering to you who will not stick to your selves and how destructive such a resolution in them will be to you all I tremble to think and leave you to judge At the latter end of this contrived Speech he laid his Hand upon his Sword that Sword which by his side could not keep him from Trembling when Sir Philip Stapleton some while before baffled him in the House of Commons Now we discover these two Matchiavels avowing in a manner their ends and designes which they had hitherto cloaked by fair pretences to the King and charged upon the Adjutators And henceforward we shall see them using all manner of scelerate practises to promote their Conspiracie This bold Harangue and Menace so far availed them that the Parliament over-awed therewith after a long debate from 9 in the morning till night upon the first of the ensuing Votes the House being divided 141 Yeas to 91 Noes came to these following Resolutions the other three except the last being carried more easily They were prefaced with a short Declaration yet of twelve days deliberation dated the 15 of Ianuary in these words Die Sabbathi 15 Ianuarii 1647. The Lords and Commons Assembled in Parliament after many Addresses to his Majestie for the preventing and ending this unnatural War raised by him against his Parliament and Kingdom having lately sent four Bills to his Majestie which did contain only matter of safety and security to the Parliament and Kingdom referring the composure of all other differences to a personal Treaty with his Majestie and having received an absolute Negative Do hold themselves obliged to use their utmost endeavours speedily to settle the present Government in such a way as may bring the greatest security to this Kingdom in
the enjoyment of the Laws and Liberties thereof and in order thereunto and that the Houses may receive no delays nor interruptions in so great and necessary a work they have taken these Resolutions and passed these Votes following viz. Resolved upon the Question 1. That the Lords and Commons do declare that they will make no further Addresses or Applications to the King 2. That no Application or Address be made to the King by any person whatsoever without leave of both Houses 3. That the person or persons that shall make breach of this Order shall incur the penalties of High Treason 4. That the Lords and Commons do declare that they will receive no more any Message from the King and do-enjoyn that no person whatsoever do presume to receive or bring any Message from the King to both or either Houses of Parliament or to any other person Which Resolves by their Order were Printed and by the respective Members dispersed into the Counties to give notice of the intended severity against the Offenders But this was not all they would be thought to do this from Right Reason and therefore they second this Resolution with another Remonstrance as far beyond the other delivered at Hampton-Court for silly and ridiculous imputations as that from Duty and Truth The old stale and exploded Stories of Rochel and the Isle of Rhee Ship-money Monopolies c. for which the King had given them satisfaction being numbred again into this Charge They would fain have made use also of that Story of the Plaister applied to King Iames by the Duke of Buckingham but their subornation failing which was attempted by Sir Arthur Haselrig's Brother who produced one Smalling for that purpose who disâ—ppointed them as to the Papers he was said to have as proofs thereof it being a most notorious lye they let that falshood alone and betook themselves to more plausible yet self-guilty criminations But all these devices and fig-leaves could not hide the guilt of their actions the people every were loathing to be abused any longer with these fictions of misgovernment when they perceived what masters of misrule they had proved themselves This the Grandees found at some conferences with the City whom still they thought to have befooled and sweetned out of their money but soon saw they were mistaken The Art of perswasion had lost its power and plain force if any thing was to be used which as the case stood they durst not venture for the Town was full of rage and madness and expected but the first blow However the richer sort reserved themselves as equally slaves to the Army and Riches From this difficulty therefore they turn to a more facile undertaking hoping to delude the King whom his hard restraint could not but have softned to their hands and though Colonel Hamond upon the delivery of the Kings Answer to the Propositions to the Commissioners had turned away His Majesties Servants and made Him a close prisoner telling the King who demanded the reason of it that He was acted by ill Counsels to the destruction of the Kingdom and that He did it by Authority of Parliament before they knew the said Answer which the King said they would never reply to yet was he now employed by Cromwel during the force of these Votes to make new Offers to the King from the Army the drift being to get Him to own the Army as He had formerly done against the Parliament till by that means His Friends reposing themselves likewise on their integrity and the people also amused they might of a sudden irresistibly destroy Him To this purpose they cajoled Colonel Ashburnham and Sir Iohn Berkley whom Hamond yet retained about the Kings Person to convey their poyson of perfidy more unsuspectedly into the King and the Earl of Southampton was likewise dealt withal but he better understood them and declined all manner of commerce or correspondence with them having had the advantages of liberty and opportunity of prying into the Cabal Several persons were employed as Messengers in this transaction who were never questioned or punished as the Resolves had declared Very many as was said before were the discontents of the people against the Parliament ready but for fear of the Army to burst out into Insurrections when the near sense of the Kings Captivity whose sighs were imagined to be heard in the Island so affected one Captain Burleigh lately of the Kings Army and then an Inhabitant there that not able to endure his Princes sufferings and injuries he beat a Drum in the Island intending to gather a force sufficient to rescue Him from His Imprisonment but was quickly seized and supprest by Hamond who sent him over to Winchester in order to his tryal by a special Commission of Oyer and â—erminer Against which time one Major Rolf accused by one Osborne a Servant of the King 's of a designe to have assassinated Him which accusation was with much ado admitted though Rolf was like to be torn in pieces by the Citizens of London upon his seizure in Bishops-gate-street meerly upon the bare Rumour of his Crime was brought down from the Gate-house and tryed there likewise by the same Judge and Jury The matter was delegated to Serjeant Wilde and Sir H. Mildmay betwixt whom and the said packt Jury Burleigh was found guilty of High Treason for levying War against because for the King and the other Rolf quitted by Ignoramus for his wilful intention of parricide Captain Burleigh courageously sealed his Cause with his blood dying a Loyal Martyr for the King and his Country and is worthily inscribed into that Roll though the stupid and Subjects uncompassionate of their Princes miseries accounted him rash and inconsiderate Upon this Attempt Hammond sends to the Parliament for an additional strength to maintain the Island and Rainsborough who was newly put in the place of Vice-Admiral Batten a Presbyterian and who had done good service though now the Independents were possest of all places was Commanded with his Fleet to sorround the Island and to guard it and next out comes a Declaration of the Army wherein they promise to live and dye with the Parliament in pursuance of these Votes and so for a while they piece together again like Herod and Pilate where we leave them and cast a look into Scotland and Ireland Scotland this year was infamous for the butchery and death of many gallant personages taken at the defeat of Montross at Philipshaugh whom the Covenanters having carried up and down with them till they setled at St. Iohnstons there Executed them The first whereof was Colonel Nathaniel Gordon and another of his noble name then Sir Robert Spotswood a man of most polite and deep learning especially in the Oriental Languages he was made the Kings Secretary of Scotland in the place of the Earl of Lanerick which together with his other abilities accelerated
effect his mischievous intent against the City of which suddenly leaving him to prepare against the storm for Scotland whose preparations we now speak of The Scots Commissioners upon the said Votes had desired to know whether they did exclude them or the Subjects of that Kingdom from any Addresses and had answer by an Interpretative Vote that they were left at liberty and might make application c. They then demanded the Arrears of money due and other mutual stipulations according to Covenant which being delayed they departed home This netled the Derby-House blades which from a Committee of Safety as it was constituted in the beginning of the War being a joynt Committee of Lords and Commons of both Kingdoms was now become a Committee of Danger the power of the former being vested wholly in those persons English only with some other Independent Grandees added in the room of some deceased remaining of that Juncto whereupon by their appointment the Parliament send Commissioners to Scotland two Lords the Earl of Nottingham and another and four Commons whereof Mr. Ashurst was the chief and two Clergy-men Mr. Marshall a Renegado and Spy and Mr. Herle who did no more there but give constant notice of the Scots resolutions and the forwardness of their Levies In the mean time comes an angry and expostulating Declaration from Scotland where as usual the Covenant was mentioned but with such scorn received and so opprobriously vilified that of all its former veneration in that place it was now thought worthy only of a Sirreverence This Declaration was long debated and several Postilions employed betwixt this and Edinburgh with Lemtives Invectives Explanations Corrections and such sort of scribling but all to no purpose The Scots were mad for another Expedition being invited by the best pay-masters the City of London and a better Cause which might assure them of freer and more welcom entertainment besides the unknown reward of Victory if it should prove their good fortune to restore the King whose condition is the next consideration which we have elegantly described by himself in his Declaration in Answer to the Votes of No further Addresses To all my People of whatsoever Nation Qualification or Condition AM I thus laid aside and must I not speak for my self No I will speak and that to all my people which I would rather have done by the way of my two Houses of Parliament but that there is a publike Order neither to make Addresses to nor receive Message from me And who but you can be Iudge of the Difference betwixt me and my two Houses I know none else for I am sure it is you who will enjoy the happiness or feel the misery of good or ill Government and we all pretend who shall run fastest to serve you without having a regard at least in the first place to particular Interests And therefore I desire you to consider the state I am and have been in this long time and whether my Actions have more tended to the publike or my own particular good For whosoever will look upon me barely as I am a man without the liberty which the meanest of my Subjects enjoys of going whither and conversing with whom I will as a Husband and a Father without the comfort of my Wife and Children or lastly as a King without the least shew of Authority or power to protect my distressed Subjects must conclude me not only void of all natural Affection but also to want Common Vnderstanding if I should not most chearfully embrace the readiest way to the settlement of these distracted Kingdoms As also on the other side do but consider the Form and Draught of the Bills lately presented to me and as they are the conditions of a Treaty ye will conclude that the same spirit which hath still been able to frustrate all my sincere and constant endeavours for Peace hath had a powerfull influence on this Message for though I am ready to grant the substance and comply with what they seem to desire yet as they had framed it I could not agree thereunto without deeply wounding my Conscience and Honour and betraying the Trust reposed in me by abandoning my people to the Arbitrary and Vnlimited Power of the two Houses for ever for the levying and maintaining of Land and Sea-Forces without distinction of quality or limitation for Money and Taxes And if I could have passed them in terms how unheard-of a condition were it for a Treaty to grant before-hand the most considerable part of the Subject Matter How ineffectual were that debate like to prove wherein the most potent Party had nothing left to ask and the other nothing more to give so consequently how hopeless of mutual compliance without which a settlement is impossible Besides if after my Concessions the two Houses shall insist on those things from which I cannot depart how desperate would the condition of these Kingdoms be when the most proper and approved Remedy should become ineffectual Being therefore fully resolved that I could neither in Conscience Honour or Prudence pass those four Bills I only endeavoured to make the reasons and justice of my denial to appear to all the world as they do to me intending to give as little dissatisfaction to the two Houses of Parliament without betraying my own Cause as the matter would bear I was desirous to give my Answer of the 28 of December last to the Commissioners sealed as I had done others heretofore and sometimes at the desire of the Commissioners chiefly because when my Messages and Answers were publikely known before they were read in the Houses prejudicial interpretations were forced on them much differing and sometimes contrary to my meaning For example my Answer from Hampton-Court was accused of dividing the two Nations because I promised to give satisfaction to the Scots in all things concerning that Kingdom and this last suffers in a contrary sense by making me intend to interest Scotland in the Laws of this Kingdom the which nothing is or was further from my Thoughts because I took notice of the Scots Commissioners protesting against the Bills and Propositions as contrary to the Interests and Engagements of the two Kingdoms Indeed if I had not mentioned their dissent an Objection not without some probability might have been made against me both in respect the Scots are much concerned in the Bill for the Militia and several other Propositions and my silence might seem to approve of it But the Commissioners refusing to receive my Answer sealed I upon the Engagement of theirs and the Governours Honour that no other use should be made or notice taken of it than as if it had not been seen read and delivered it open unto them whereupon what hath since passed either by the Governour in discharging most of my servants redoubling the Guards and restraining me of my former liberty and all this as himself confest meerly out of his own dislike
of my Answer notwithstanding his beforesaid Engagement or afterwards by the two Houses as the Governour affirms in confining me within the circuit of this Castle I appeal to God and the World whether my said Answer deserved the Reply of such Proceedings besides the the unlawfulness for Subjects to Imprison their King That by the permission of Almighty God I am reduced to this sad condition at which as I no way repine so I am not without hope but that the same God will in due time convert these afflictions unto my advantage In the mean time I am content to bear those crosses with Patience and a great equality of minde But by what means or occasion I am come to this relapse in my affairs I am utterly to seek especially when I consider that I have sacrificed to my two Houses of Parliament for the Peace of my Kingdoms all but what is much more dear to me than my Life my Conscience and Honour desiring nothing more than to perform it in the most proper and natural way A Personal Treaty But that which makes me most at a loss is the remembring my signal comply 〈◊〉 with the Army and their Interests and of what importance my comâ—â—yance was to them and their often-repeated Professions and Engaâ—â—â—â—â—ts for my just Rights in general at New-Market and Saint 〈◊〉 and their particular Explanations of these generals by 〈…〉 and Revoted Proposals which I had reason to understand 〈…〉 utmost extremity would be expected from me and that in 〈…〉 therein I should be eased herein appealing to the Conscienâ—◠〈◊〉 â—â—me of the chiefest Officers in the Army if what I have said be not punctually true and how I have failed of their expectations or my professions to them I challenge them and the whole World to produce the least colour of reason And now I would know what it is that is desired Is it Peace I have shewed the way being both willing and desirous to perform my part in it which is a just complyance with all chief Interests Is it Plenty and Happiness they are the inseparable effects of Peace Is it Security I who wish all men would forget and forgive like me have offered the Militia for my time Is it Liberty of Conscience He who wants it is most ready to give it Is it the right Administration of Iustice Offices of Trust are committed to the choice of my two Houses of Parliament Is it the Arrears of the Army Vpon a settlement they will certainly be paid with much ease but before there will be found much difficulty if not impossibility in it Thus all the World cannot but see my real and unwearied Endeavours for Peace the which by the Grace of God I shall neither repent me of nor ever be slackned in notwithstanding my past present or future sufferings But if I may not be heard let every one judge who it is that obstructs the good I would or might do What is it that men are afraid to hear from me It cannot be Reason at least none will declare themselves so unreasonable as to confess it and it can less be impertinent or unreasonable discourses for thereby peradventure I might more justifie this my Restraint than the Causers themselves can do so that of all wonders this yet is the greatest to me But it may be easily gathered hence how these men intend to govern who have used me thus And if it be my hard sate to fall together with the Liberty of this Kingdom I shall not blush for my self but much lament the future miseries of my People the which I shall still pray to God to avert whatever becomes of me C. R. So we have attained the end of this bustling year the 23 of King Charles the first wherein the Pen laboured more than the Sword and the politick Matchiavel-Head of the Army combated all opposition with the same success as their victorious Arms lately before their power now appearing Paramount and from whence the Kingdoms were to expect their future Government unless they could be able to master and disperse that Formidable Host now joyntly and unanimously concurring with their aspiring and Rebel-Leaders And behold the next year gives us a proof of a noble and gallant Attempt for the recovery of Englands Majesty Liberty and Safety but the anger of Heaven was not yet neer appeased Anno Dom. 1648. THat the beginning of this calamitous and black year might correspond and suit with its end as the annual revolution thereof was never better assimilated than by the antient Hieroglyphick of a Serpent rounding its tail to its Mouth the Serpentine windings of this monstrous Rebellion terminating at the Head of their most sacred Soverain the Grandees of the Faction following that State-principle That it is as great prudence to keep as to win an Empire resolved to put out as the accursed Philistins did to Sampson the eyes of the Kingdom that so they might make sport with our Laws Franchises and Priviledges and then ruine and fatally destroy us at last separating the Head from the Body Politick in their ensuing monstrous Regicide To this purpose under the notion and term of a Visitation of the University of Oxford whereby Authority from the Parliament was delegated to certain Inquisitors such as were mancipated to their interest of Clergy and some more moderate Laity such as were the two Wilkinsons Cheynel Rogers Langley Sir Nathaniel Brent Esquire Tipping Mr. Palmer and others to whom was added as chief of this Commission Philip Earl of Pembroke with the Stile and Title of Chancellour of the said University The aforesaid persons proceeded to the ejectment of above two thirds of the Heads Fellows and Students of the respective Colledges the most eminent for Learning and Piety and Duty to the Church and Loyal obedience to His Majesty for no other reason but that they would not subscribe and recognize that the two pretended Houses had any Right or Authority to visit that University which by the known antient Statutes thereof and the Laws of the Land is invested only in the King and such as He from time to time shall depute thereunto By this most wicked practise and Dilemma of either ruining men or violating their Conscience they had nearly barbarized those Fountains of Learning with no less rage and fury inveighing against those Confessors of the Royal Cause than the Goths did to Old Rome sparing neither young nor old even very Children such of 16 years being outed of their places upon the same score and under pain of death having endured a civil death already by posting up their names at St. Maries Church-Gates Commanded within 24 Hours to depart that City or to be taken and proceeded against as Spies It will indeed rather require an Elegie or some Satyrical Lamentation than an History though I could not pass it out of reverence I owe my Mother and having but slightly touched the same rudenesses done to Her Sister of Cambridge by
most upon it who were then in a readiness with a Petition to the same tenor believing the Parliament would never so far vary from that principle they had so mainly held forth and asserted viz. the Peoples right of declaring their grievances to that High Court But now sadly convinced of that opinion they resolved to save their honour and their Journey to London not to be baffled by Red-coats or to travel up on a fools errand but with their swords in their Hands which was the onely reason then prevailing to reduce those by force to their duty they could not induce by the most urgent and winning intreaties and accordingly appointed a Rendezvous neer Rochester to resolve upon the affair and chuse their Officers On the 24 of May they assembled together and named the Lord Goring Earl of Norwich then upon the place for their General being their next Countryman of Sussex though they had pitcht upon the Duke of Richmond then at Cobham who declined it out of his incapacity for action or that Command Hither also resorted many hundreds of London-Prentices the chief and flower of the Youth with many of the Old Cavalry and many thousands more had gone but that all the ways from London thither were so laid that there was no passage the River of Thames being guarded with the like diligence and several adventurers and well-willers to the King and the quarrel intercepted 'T was therefore thought hazardous to dally with such an Enemy who increased every hour being already formidable not for the number onely but the considerableness experience and gallantry of them so that the General himself with all the Forces he could make being 8000 six of Foot and two of Horse drew out against them which advantage as it was designed and hoped the Citizens might have taken but it seems the Army was sensible of that and since they could not keep it were contented to part with the Militia and leave it according to that establishment which they so abominably quarrelled before which artificial kindness so obliged the City that though several promises had been made of their concurrence with the grand designe Colonel Culpeper negotiating and pressing their speedy resolution and Declaration for the King and Kingdom at the very same time at Guild-hall to his no little danger and honour yet would they not by any means or arguments of their Honour and Safety be drawn into any publike undertaking not minding that story of Polyphemus to Vlysses whose onely favour to him was that he should be eaten up last And it was a strange confidence in them to think that their Militia could secure them which before had seen so scurrilously and contumeliously wrested from them when they were upbraided in 47 that they were not able therewith to preserve the City much less the Parliament or the King However they now undertook both the former Skippon instead of noble Brown being accepted a meer bosom-Traytor to them as their Major-General at the salary of 600 l. per annum Fairfax therefore securely and resolutely advanceth against these Kentish Forces and understanding that the Body of the Army quartered about Rochester whose Bridge was broke he resolved to pass the River of Medway something lower neer Maidstone and so march toward them But the Royalists sensible and fore-judging he would attempt that way had manned it with 1500 men of the resolutesâ— and willingest of their Army consisting chiefly of London-Auxiliaries who though surprized by Fairfax's sudden approach who had received intelligence from some Traitors within the Town at what distance and in what security the Army lay dispersed did yet make a most manful resistance The first Dispute after a slight skirmish at Crayfield-heath by Gravesend happened at Northfield-bridge the pass to Maidstone whither Fairfax sent Major Husbands with a strong party before him himself marching with a full Body not trusting altogether to his Kentish intelligence Major Husbands after a sharp and hot contest prevailed more for fear of the approach of the whole Army than his own strength when yet that handful of men daringly engaged this whole Body and fought very much of their ground with such pertinacious valour that Fairfax then troubled with the Gout was forced to light out of his Coach and to lead his men on in person for their animation the service proved so tedious and desperate At last the Royalists fresh supplies overpowring them were beat up to the Barricadoes of the Town where they made a more bloudy defence than in the Fields and Hedges repelling the Enemy twice And being thence beaten into the Town did worser annoy them than ever before firing out of the Windows and Leads and using all those ready Engines of death which the Houses afforded to the very great slaughter of the Red-coats so that it was 6 hours compleat before the Town was fully gained and had the Royalists from Rochester moved to their relief it was more than probable the Army had been utterly baffled and the Quarrel at an End Of the Kentish were killed 300 and almost 1000 taken Prisoners with 400 Horse 8 pieces of Ordnance and some Ammunition Fairfax confessed they were the toughest Enemy he had met with in England The Fight began at 7 a clock at night and lasted till midnight But the main Body under the Earl of Norwich instead of coming to their rescue marched in hast away for Black-heath where most of the Kentish-men leaving him not above 500 deserted him The reason of their not seconding their Fellows was reported to be this The one half of them was marched to Dover and those places to seize on those Castles and secure that Country and so weakened the remaining Party For seeing few come in to his assistance which was to be ascribed to the strict care and industry of Major-General Skippon they thought then of the safest course From Black-heath the Earl sent a Message to the City of London desiring free passage through it and declaring the intentions of his undertaking But they flatly refused any such thing though some former assurances had been given of their joyning in the designe whereupon the Royalists were forced to Ferry and Swim their Horses and Boat themselves into the Isle of Dogs and so to Mile-End-Green whence afresh they Sollicited the City to partake in this Honourable Confederacy but they were deaf to all such perswasions their Major-General and his Tarriers inveagling them with the honesty and good resolutions of the Army both to them and the Kingdom Thence the Earl marched to Stratford-Bow where joyned with him the Essex-Forces under the Command of Sir Charles Lucas whom they had unanimously chosen for their General being under colour of a Muster Rendezvouzed by Colonel Far a Gentleman of that County whence they were drawn to this place to countenance and favour any Loyal attempt in the City and to encourage them to shew themselves Men and Subjects But that
hope proving more and more vain so wretchedly stupid were the Londoners they marched into Essex and by the way seized upon the Arms and Ammunition that then lay in the Earl of Warwick's House at Leez as then in open hostility against the Prince and so further into the County until at last they setled in the Town of Colchester Fairfax understanding of this Go-by and their conjunction having dispatcht away Colonel Rich and Colonel Barkstead with their Regiments to reduce and free those Castles which the Kentish-men as aforesaid had taken with all hast passed his Army over at Gravesend to make the quicker pursuit after them having underhand received recruits and supplies both of men and money from Skippon to re-inforce him who every day privately listed men for the Service At Colchester the Lord Capel with some Horse of his own raising met him and a Troop of Veterane Royalists from London who fought their way at Epping with some Army-Horse laid to obstruct all additions from the City by that Road came also entire at the same time just as the Van of Fairfax his Army was Skirmishing at the Towns-end where they so peppered the Enemy that in great confusion he ran to the Body having had an Essay what Sparks he had to deal with Sir George Lisle was made Major-General of the Essex-Forces and the rest of the Army distributed into Regiments and distinct Commands and had their posts and places assigned them The Town was inconsiderable either in it self as being intenible and undefensive nothing but a Brest-work cast up about it and as to the adjacent parts of the County to receive any provisional relief or great Force into it so that there was no hopes of setling or planting in it for in all probability it was not thought possible to hold out a Month to an end nevertheless by their industry courage vigilance and patience it held out three compleatly against a victorious Enemy recruited as aforesaid and assisted with the Forces of the Neighbouring County of Suffolk on whom deservedly the slaughter principally fell for so basely engaging against whom they had promised to joyn with these Essex-Royalists Several attempts were made by Fairfax to take the place by Force and many Sallies were in requital made by the Besieged who both in assayling and defending did great Execution From the beginning to the ending of the Siege scarce a day passed without actions from within at first to fetch in Cattel then to cut Grass which was stained all over with Blood for the Besieged would have it who had now planted some Cannons upon St. Mary's-Steeple whence they cruelly annoyed the Leaguer Insomuch that Fairfax seeing the loss of his men and the courage of the Defendants gave over his resolution of Storming proceeding with his Approaches to begirt them close and fortifying his Camp to starve them and also to fire them out which forced the Besieged to burn the Suburbs that he intended for shelter but he possest the Lord Lucas his House Sir Charles his Brother and ruined it The provision they had in the Town besides what they fought for and brought in afterwards would not suffice for above a Month and all hopes were abandoned of getting in more yet the courageous and generous sufferance of these Loyal Souldiers resolved to undergo all misery rather than yield and so free the Army to march against the Scots who were now entred England upon the same account Their main support was the sauce and relish to their meat good store of Prunes and Plums with which the Town was stored that did a little palate their Hors-flesh to them which they were forced to kill and dress for their victuals a good while before their Surrender there was also some Corn which Sir Charles charitably distributed among the Towns-folk but the Souldiers borrowed it again in their extremity in which we must leave these Noble Gentlemen and take a view of other concurrent endeavours for the King and Kingdom The Fleet which the Parliament had stollen and debauched from their Duty by their first pretences perceiving that indeed they were but such and no more repenting of their past service did to satisfie for their former offences now turn sides and rendred themselves to the Prince now made Captain-General of His Fathers Forces The Parliament had some inkling thereof and therefore had Commissioned Colonel Rainsborough a Sea-man formerly to the Command thereof whom the Loyal Mariners fairly put on Shore having posed him with this Question of engaging for their Soverain and at the same time their former Vice-Admiral Sir William Batten now Knighted by the Prince being disbanded by the Independent Rulers as more honest than they would have him brought some other Ships to His Majesties Obedience With this Naval Force the Prince departed from Holland and came into Yarmouth-Road where it was deliberated whether he should land and attempt the Relief of Colchester There were then in company with Him His Illustrious Brother the Duke of York who in April before had happily escaped from St. Iames's where heâ— was kept by the Earl of Northumberland his Guardian by the conduct of Colonel Bamfield who was employed therein by the Queen the Duke pretending to play in the dusk of the Evening was disguised in Maiden-habit and landed safely at Dort in Holland Prince Rupert the Earl of Brainford the Lords Hopton Wilmot Willougbby who had deserted the Parliament having been charged imprisoned and affronted by the Army and Culpeper and other Gentlemen but understanding that Colonel Scroop was attending thereabout they concluded it hazardous to venture the reputation of the Princes first Arms upon so well-appointed an Enemy and thereupon weighed Anchor and stood into the Downs The Navy consisted of 20 Ships of War most of the first and second Rate the other Frigats well manned and furnished which anchoring neer the Mouth of the Thames put the City into great fear no Ships possibly going in or out without the Princes permission a Hamborough-bound Ship richly laden being seized on by him In all haste thereâ—ore the Parliament order their old Admiral Robert Rich Earl of Warwick to Equip another Fleet then in the River and to set to Sea hoping by his Authority and influence to reclaim their Revolters or if not upon the coming of more Ships from Portsmouth which accordingly joyned with him to fight the Prince In pursuance of this Command Warwick appears with his Fleet about Quinborough but for all his former indearedness to the Sea-men and their affection his Masters confided in he durst not engage lest a total defection might have ensued for the Mariners were grown sensible how Trade and consequently Navigation was decayed by the long continuance of the War and had more kindness besides for Batten than they had for the Earl which the Prince was sensible of and therefore in civil terms by a Message required him to submit
that I may be in the same state of Freedom I was in when I was last at Hampton-Court And indeed less cannot in any reasonable measure make good those offers which you have made me by your Votes For how can I Treat with Honour so long as people are terrified with Votes and Orders against coming to speak or write to me And am I honourably Treated so long as there is none about me except a Barber who came now with the Commissioners that ever I named to wait upon me Or with Freedom until I may call such to me of whose service I shall have use in so great and difficult a work And for Safety I speak not of my Person having no apprehension that way how can I judge to make a safe and well-grounded Peace until I may know without disguise the true present state of all my Dominions and particularly of all those whose Interests are necessarily concerned in the Peace of the Kingdoms Which leads me naturally to the last necessary demand I shall make for the bringing this Treaty to an happy end which is That you alone or you and I joyntly do invite the Scots to send some persons authorized by them to treat upon such Propositions as they shall make For certainly the Publique and Necessary Interest they have in this great Settlement is so clearly plain to all the world that I believe no body will deny the necessity of their concurrence in order to a durable Peace Wherefore I will only say that as I am a King of both Nations so will I yield to none in either Kingdom for being truly and zealously affected for the Good and Honour of both my resolution being never to be partial for either to the prejudice of the other Now as to the place because I conceive it to be rather a circumstantial than a real part of this Treaty I shall not much insist upon it I name Newport in this Isle yet the fervent zeal I have that a speedy end be put to these unhappy distractions doth force me earnestly to desire you to consider what a great loss of time it will be to Treat so far from the Body of my two Houses when every small Debate of which doubtless there will be many must be transmitted to Westminster before they be concluded And really I think though to some it may seem a Paradox that peoples minds will be much more apt to settle seeing me Treat in or near London than in the Isle because so long as I am here it will never be believed by many that I am really so free as before this Treaty begin I expect to be And so I leave and recommend this Point to your serious consideration And thus I have not only fully accepted of the Treaty which you have propounded to me by the Votes of the 3 of this Month but also given it all the furtherance that lies in me by demanding the necessary means for the effectual performance thereof All which are so necessarily implied by though not particularly mentioned in the Votes that I can no way doubt of your ready compliance with me herein I have now no more to say but to conjure you by all that is dear to Christians Honest Men or good Patriots that you will make all the expedition possible to begin this happy Work by hasting down your Commissioners fully authorized and well instructed and by enabling me as I have shewed you to Treat Praying the God of Peace so to bless our endeavours that all my Dominions may speedily enjoy a safe and well-grounded Peace Carisbroke Aug. 10. All which desires of the King were assented to to their full intent and purpose and five Lords and ten Commoners appointed Commissioners for the Treaty whose names were as followeth The Earls of Northumberland Pembroke Salisbury Middlesex and Lord Viscount Say The Lord Wenman Mr. Denzil Hollis Mr. William Pierpoint Sir Henry Vane Junior Sir Harbottle Grimstone Mr. Samuel Brown Sir Iohn Potts Mr. Crew Serjeant Glyn and Mr. Bulkley The Treaty to begin ten days after the Kings Assent to Treat as is agreed and to continue from thence forty days Resolved likewise That His Majesty be desired to Pass his Royal Word to make his constant Residence in the Isle of Wight from the time of his Assenting to Treat until twenty days after the Treaty be ended unless it be otherwise desired by both Houses of Parliament and that after His Royal Word so Passed and his Assent given to Treat as aforesaid from thenceforth the former Instructions of the 16 of Nov. 1647. be vacated and these observed and that Col. Hammond be authorized to receive His Majesties Royal Word Passed to his two Houses of Parliament for his Residence in the Isle of Wight accordingly as is formerly exprest and shall certifie the same to both Houses They likewise Repealed the Votes of Non-address and desired a List from his Majesty of those he would have to attend him Whereupon the King by his Message of the 28 of August not being in the former limitation accepted of the Treaty desiring the expediting of the Commissioners and sent them a List of those persons he desired to be with him First for the Journey into Scotland he desired a Pass for Mr. Parsons one of the Grooms of his Presence-Chamber next the Duke of Richmond Marquess Hartford Earl of Lindsey Earl of Southampton Gentlemen of his Bed-chamber Mr. Kirk Mr. Leviston Mr. Murray Mr. Iohn Ashburnham Mr. Legg Grooms of his said Bed-chamber Mr. Hen Mr. Rogers Mr. Lovet Pages of his Back-stairs Sir Fulk Grevil Captain Titus Captain Burroughs Mr. Cresset Abr. Dowset Firebrace to wait as they did or as he should appoint them The Bishops of London and Salisbury Drs Shelden Hammond Oldsworth Sanderson Turner Heywood Chaplains Davis his Barber Rives Yeoman of the Robes Sir Edward Sidenham Mr. Terwhit Hunsdon Esquires Mrs Wheeler Landress Sir Thomas Gardiner Sir Orlando Bridgeman Sir Robert Holbourn Mr. Ieffrey Palmer Mr. Thomas Cook Mr. Iohn Vaughan Lawyers Sir Edward Walker Mr. Philip Warwick Mr. Nicholas Oudart Mr. Charles Whitaker Clerks and Writers Mr. Clement Kinnersley and Mr. Peter Newton to make ready the House for Treaty To which at the Kings request were after added for the Civil Law the Kings Advocate Dr. Rives Dr. Duck and these Divines the Bishops of Armagh Exeter Rochester and Worcester Dr. Ferne and Dr. Morley The Treaty began the 18th of September which the King so prudentially managed single against all the Commissioners none of his Party being suffered to assist him at the Conferences that there appeared some hopes of a right understanding The Propositions concerning Religion took up the longest time both in discourse and writing whereby he fully evinced the right of Episcopacie which his Answers with his Majesties Propositions on the 2 of Octob. being sent up to the Parliament notwithstanding produced these Votes Resolved by the
the antient Glory and Renown of this Nation be not buried in Irreligion and Fanatick Humour and that all Our Subjects to whom We are a Politick Parent may have such sober thoughts as to seek their Peace in the Orthodox Profession of the Christian Religion as it was established since the Reformation in this Kingdom and not in new Revelations and that the antient Laws with the Interpretation according to known Practices may once again be a hedge about them that You may in due time Govern and they be Governed as in the fear of the Lord. The Commissioners are gone the Corn is now on the Ground We expect the Harvest if the Fruit be Peace we hope the God of Peace will in time reduce all to Truth and Order again which that he may do is the Prayer of C. R. With this his Majesties final account of this unconsummated Treaty I will conclude all his State-Missives and Papers the justice and reasonableness whereof no doubt will be so convincing that there needed no other Pen to assert his Quarrel As he was the chief Subject of this History so was he the Life of it affording it the greatest light of Truth towards its composition so that these his happy Labours shall perpetuate his just Renown and make his Moral and intellectual Virtues endure together enshrined in the hearts of pious Posterity To contribute whereto as far as my humble devoir would reach I have made these Collections and so with reverential leave to their blessed Author I proceed in this Chronicle In pursuance of that accursed Remonstrance presented the 20 of November aforesaid Cromwel drew the Army into the Suburbs of London quartering them at the Mews and at York-house and afterwards into London it self the General quartering himself at Whitehall to keep the King out in defiance of the Treaty with a resolution to awe the Parliament into a non-compliance with his Majesty whose great and most reasonable Arguments for a Composure and his un-exampled Condescentions in order thereunto they could neither fairly refel or honestly refuse But notwithstanding such was the justice of God in favour of his Majesties Cause that the Parliament who had so obstinately and dilatorily to the ruine of the Kingdom rejected all his other Accommodations closed with him now For upon the 4th of December the Question being put in the House of Commons Whether the Kings Answer was satisfactory or no though the Army-party argued that they were not satisfactory because the King had not granted all their Propositions in terms contrary to the nature of all Treaties where something must be bated on both parts and so kept the business in question until 8 a Clock at night next day being Tuesday the 5â—h of December the Independents hoping by their usual trick to tire out the moderate Party it was then Resolved That the Answers of the King to the Propositions of both Houses are a Ground for both Houses to proceed upon for the Settlement of the Peace of the Kingdom This being carried Affirmatively and that so clearly that the House was not divided about it to secure this Vote and the earnest of a Peace a Committee of six Members was appointed to attend the General to keep a good Correspondencie c. but we shall now see Hell broke loose in the Armes Insolencies and Violence For these Caitiffs understanding the courage and honesty of the House resolved to play no longer with the weak Reed of Priviledge but with a bold Sword to solve the Oracle of their Villanies in thâ—sâ— ensuing complicated mischiefs To this purpose Pride Hewson and other Officers having had some Conference in Westminster Hall the Doors being shut with the Speaker sent in a Paper to the House of Commons Requiring the Impeached Members and Major-General Brown as guilty of calling in Hamilton to be secured and brought to Iustice and that the ninety and odd Members who refused to Vote against the late Scoâ—ch Engagement and all that Voted for recaling the four Votes of Non-Addresses and Voted for a Treaty and concurred in the Yesterday's acquiescing Vote in his Majesties Answers may be immediately suspended the House and that all such faithful Members who are innocent of those Votes would by Protestation acquit themselves from any concurrence that so they might know their own Goats and so be distinguished To this Paper they admitted no demur not caring for or not daigning them the consideration of an Answer but presently brought three or four Regiments of Horse and Foot and set strong Guards at the Houses-doors the Lobby-stairs and every where about the Palace admitting none but Parliament-men into the Hall where the said two Colonels and Sir Hardress Waller violently seized upon divers Knights and Burgesses of the Parliament and forcibly carried them away Prisoners others were by feigned excuses called out of the House and then pull'd away and committed likewise without any Warrant or cause shewn And though the House remaining sent the Serjeant of Mace to command their attendance when Pride would not suffer him to pass and sent likewise to the General about it declaring they would not proceed in any business without them yet the secured Members were still kept indurance while the Rump or Conventicle became of the Armies Complexion and so prevaricated and deserted their Fellows The Gentlemen thus detained were afterwards listed in a Catalogue by Hugh Peters and carried to a Victualling-place called Hell being number 41. where they were kept without Beds or other fitting accommodation all that night and the next day after a tedious attendance on the Council of Officers were committed Prisoners under Guard to two several Inns in the Strand Besides these the Belial Commanders standing several days with Lists of Names in their hands at the Parliament-door turned back from the House and debarred above 160 other Members besides 40 more who voluntarily withdrew to avoid their violence Most of those 41 Members were after much expostulation and their Protestation of this Force upon them and the Houses released Ireton insolently bidding them to look to themselves and to act nothing against the present Parliament and Army at their peril But Major-General Brown was sent Prisoner to St. Iames's where they would have put a trick upon him by a forged Letter brought thither and delivered him which he understanding their Plot would have publikely read as from the Prince The Messenger seeing his Project would not take threw the Paper into the fire and escaped as was forelaid He was afterwards sent prisoner to Windsor The remaining Juncto having met and conferred at Sommetset-house began to act at Westminster as a Parliament with whom some fawning Lords joyned and Passed an Ordinance Declaring all persons that had any way appeared for the King even by Subscribing to the personal Treaty should be incapable c. whereby the City could not find men to supply those Trusts and Places c. and
the Authority of the Court the Court craves it not of you and once more they command you to give your positive Answer Clerk do your Duty King Duty Sir The Clerk reads Charles Stuart King of England you are accused in the behalf of the Commons of England of divers high Crimes and Treasons which Charge hath been read unto you the Court now requires you to give your positive and final Answer by way of confession or denial of the Charge King Sir I say again to you So that I might give satisfaction to the people of England of the clearness of my proceedings not by way of Answer not in this way but to satisfie them that I have done nothing against that Trust that hath been committed to me I would do it but to acknowledge a new Court against their Priviledges to alter the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom Sir you must excuse me President Sir this is the third time that you have publikely disowned the Court and put an affront upon it how far you have preserv'd the Priviledges of the People your Actions have spoke it but truly Sir mens intentions ought to be known by their Actions you have written your meaning in bloody Characters throughout the whole Kingdom but Sir you understand the pleasure of the Court. Clerk Record the default and Gentlemen you that took charge of the Prisoner take him back again King I will onely say this one word to you If it were onely my own particular I would not say any more nor interrupt you President Sir you have heard the pleasure of the Court and you are notwithstanding you will not understand it to finde that you are before a Court of Iustice. Then the King went forth with his Guard and Proclamation was made that all persons who had then appeared and had further to do at the Court might depart into the Painted-Chamber to which place the Court did forthwith adjourn and intended to meet in Westminster-hall by ten of the Clock the next morning Cryer God bless the Kingdom of England His Majesties Reasons against the pretended Iurisdiction of the High Court of Iustice which he intended to have delivered in writing on Monday January 22. 1648. But was not permitted HAving already made my Protestations not onely against the illegality of this pretended Court but also that no earthly Power can justly call Me who am your King in question as a Delinquent I would not any more open my Mouth upon this occasion more than to refer my self to what I have spoken were I in this case alone concerned But the duty I owe to God in the preservation of the true Liberty of my People will not suffer me at this time to be silent For how can any free-born Subject of England call life or any thing he possesseth his own if Power without Right may daily make new and abrogate the old Fundamental Law of the Land which I now take to be the present case VVherefore when I came hither I expected that you would have endeavoured to have satisfied me concerning these grounds which hinder me to answer to your pretended Impeachment but since I see that nothing I can say will move you to it though Negatives are not so naturally proved as Affirmatives yet I will shew you the Reasons why I am confident you cannot Judge me nor indeed the meanest man in England for I will not like you without shewing a Reason seek to impose a belief upon my Subjects There is no proceeding just against any man but what is warranted either by Gods Laws or the Municipal Laws of the Country where he lives Now I am most confident this days proceeding cannot be warranted by Gods Law for on the contrary the Authority of obedience unto Kings is clealy warranted and strictly commanded both in the Old and New Testaments which if denied I am ready instantly to Prove and for the Question now in hand there it is said That where the word of a King is there is Power and who may say unto him What doest thou Eccles. 8.4 Then for the Law of this Land I am no less confident that no learned Lawyer will affirm that an Impeachment can lie against the King they all going in His Name and one of their Maximes is That the King can do no wrong Besides the Law upon which you ground your proceedings must either be Old or New if Old shew it if New tell what Authority warranted by the Fundamental Laws of the Land hath made it and when But how the House of Commons can erect a Court of Iudicature which was never one it self as is well known to all Lawyers I leave to God and the world to Iudge And it were full as strange that they should pretend to make Laws without King or Lords House to any that have heard speak of the Laws of England And admitting but not granting that the People of Englands Commission could grant your pretended Power I see nothing you can shew for that for certainly you never asked the question of the tenth man in the Kingdom and in this way you manifestly wrong even the poorest Plow-man if you demand not his free consent nor can you pretend any colour for this your pretended Commission without the Consent at least of the major part of every man in England of whatsoever quality or Condition which I am sure you never went about to seek so far are you from having it Thus you see that I speak not for my own right alone as I am your King but also for the true Liberty of all my Subjects which consists not in the power of Government but in living under such laws such a Government as may give themselves the best assurance of their lives and propriety of their goods Nor in this must or do I forget the Priviledges of both Houses of Parliament which this days proceedings do not onely violate but likewise occasion the greatest breach of their publike Faith that I believe ever was heard of with which I am far from charging the two Houses for all the pretended Crimes laid against me bear date long before this late Treaty at Newport in which I having concluded as much as in me lay and hopefully expecting the Houses agreement thereunto I was suddenly surpriz'd and hurried from thence as a Prisoner upon which account I am against my will brought hither where since I am come I cannot but to my power defend the antient Laws and Liberties of this Kingnom together with my own just Rights Then for any thing I can see the Higher House is totally excluded and for the House of Commons it is too well known that the major part of them are detained or deterred from sitting so as if I 'had no other this were sufficient Reason for me to protest against the Lawfulness of your pretended Court. Besides all this the Peace of the Kingdom is not the least of
My thoughts and what hopes of Settlement is there so long as Power reigns without Rule or Law changing the whole frame of that Government under which this Kingdom hath flourished for many hundred years nor will I say what will fall out in case this lawless unjust Proceedings against me do go on And believe it the Commons of England will not thank you for this Change for they will remember how happy they have been of late years under the reign of Queen Elizabeth the King my Father and my Self until the beginning of these unhappy Troubles and will have cause to doubt that they shall never be so happy under any new And by this time it will be too sensibly evident that the Arms I took up were onely to defend the Fundamental Laws of this Kingdom against those who have supposed my Power hath totally changed the antient Government Thus having shewed you briefly the Reasons why I cannot submit to your pretended Authority without violating the Trust which I have from God for the Welfare and Liberty of my People I expect from you either clear Reasons to convince my Iudgement shewing me that I am in an Error and then truly I will Answer or that you will withdraw your proceedings ¶ This the King intended to speak in Westminster-hall on Monday Jan. 22. but against Reason was hindred The Proceedings of the High Court of Iustice sitting at Westminster-hall on Saturday the 27 of January 1648. O yes made Silence commanded The Court called Serjeant Bradshaw President in his Scarlet-Robe sutable to the work of this day with sixty eight other Members of the Court called As the King came into the Court in his usual posture with his Hat on a cry made in the Hall by some of the Souldiers for Iustice Iustice and Execution King I shall desire a word to be heard a little and I hope I shall give no occasion of interruption President You may Answer in your time hear the Court first King If it please you Sir I desire to be heard and I shall not give any occasion of interruption and it is onely in a word A sudden judgment President You shall be heard in due time but you are to hear the Court first King Sir I desire it it will be in order to what I believe the Court will say and therefore Sir a hasty Judgement is not so soon re-called President Sir you shall be heard before the Iudgement be given and in the mean time you may forbear King Well Sir shall I be heard before the Judgement given President Gentlemen it is well known to all or most of you here present That the Prisoner at the Bar â—ath been several times convented and brought before the Court to make Answer to a charge of Treason and other high Crimes exhibited against him in the name of the People of England to which Charge being required to Answer he hath been so far from obeying the commands of the Court by submitting to their Iustice as he began to take upon him to offer Reasoning and debate unto the Authority of the Court and of the highest Court that constituted them to try and judge him but being over-ruled in that and required to make his Answer he was still pleased to continue contumacious and to refuse to submit or Answer c. But Sir if you have any thing to say in defence of your self concerning the matter charged the Court hath given me command to let you know they will hear you King Since I see you will not hear any thing of debate concerning that which I confess I thought most material for the Peace of the Kingdom and for the Liberty of the Subject I shall wave it I shall speak nothing to it but onely I must-tell you that this many a day all things have been taken away from me but that that I call more dear to me than my life which is My Conscience and my Honour and if I had respect to my life more than the Peace of the Kingdoms and the Liberty of the Subject certainly I should have made a particular defence for my self for by that at least-wise I might have delayed an ugly Sentence which I believe will pass upon me therefore certainly Sir as a man that hath some understanding some knowledge of the world if that my Zeal to my Country had not over-born the care that I have of my own preservation I should have gone another way to work than that I have done Now Sir I conceive that an hasty Sentence once past may be sooner repented than recalled and truely the self-same desire that I have for the Peace of the Kingdom and the Liberty of the Subject more than my own particular does make me now at last desire that having somethimg to say that concerns both I desire before Sentence be given that I may be heard in the Painted Chamber before the Lords and Commons this delay cannot be prejudicial to you whatsoever I say if no Reason those that hear me must be Judges if it be Reason and real for the Welfare of the Kingdom and the Liberty of the Subject I am sure on it it is very well worth the hearing therefore I do conjure you as you love that you pretend I hope it is real the Liberty of the Subject the Peace of the Kingdom that you will grant me the hearing before any Sentence â—e passed I onely desire you will take this into your consideration it may be you have not heard of it beforehand if you will I 'le retire and you may think of it but if I cannot get this Liberty I do here protest that so fair shews of Liberty and Peace are pure shews and not otherwise and that you will not hear your KING President Sir you have now spoken King Yes Sir President And this that you have said is a further declining of the Iurisdiction of this Court which was the thing wherein you were limited before King Pray excuse me Sir for my interruption because you mistake me it is not a declining of it you do Judge me before you hear me speak I say it will not I do not decline it though I cannot acknowledge the Jurisdiction of the Court yet Sir in this give me leave to say I would do it though I did not acknowledge it in this I do protest it is not the declining of it since I say if that I do say any thing but that that is for the Peace of the Kingdom and the Liberty of the Subject then the shame is mine Now I desire that you will take this into your consideration if you will I 'll withdraw President Sir this is not altogether nâ—w that you have moved unto us not altogether new to us though the first time in person you have offered it to the Court Sir you say you do not Decline the Iurisdiction of the Court King Not in this that I have said President I understand you well
as from former Oaths were likewise degraded from their Dignity in the City Alderman Culham and Gibs excused themselves by business in the Country at the same time Aâ— Exeter likewise the Mayor and Sheriffs refused to act or joyn in Commission with Baron Wilde sent down that Circuit and divers other places were very stiff in complyance with these new Masters but their Iron Bodies quickly brought them to perform those new Instructions the Parliament had given for altering the Patents and the Oaths of Sheriffs as in all Indictments a little before instead of Contra Coronam Dignitatem they had ordered it Contra Rempublicam pacem publicam and so Mutatis Mutandis To compleat the Martyrology of those that fell with and accompanied their Soveraign Colonel Laugâ—orn Colonel Powel and Colonel Poyer were now brought before a Court Martial for the Welch Insurrection at Saint Fagons and Pembroke where they were all three Condemned but at the importunity of their Wives and Friends the General was pleased to exempt two of them such as the Lot should spare which being delivered out of a Hat by a little Child fell upon Poyer his scroll of Paper being a Blank the other haâ—ing written in it Life given by the Lord. Accordingly Poyer was Executed in Coâ—ent-garden against Bedford-House-wall on the 25 of April where he died in some reluctancy but ought nevertheless to be numbred with other Loyal Sacrifices from whom therefore I could not though against order of time disjoyn him Nor indeed is the thred of this Chronicle possible to keep straight in such a diversity and multitude of transcurrencies which weave it up and down in the various confusions of this new-fashioned State but we shall now proceed more regularly Our Lords a Westminster having lickt their Cub into some form and shewed us a glimpse of its Complexion and how like it was to its monstrous Parent a Rebellion in the shapes ensuing Yet first we must Northward in our way to Scotland and behold Pomfret-Castle that had held out 9 Months now delivered after much debate to Major-General Lambert with this condition That Colonel Morris the Governour and five more should be exempted from Mercy but if they could escape any way they might attempt it betwixt the Agreement and the Surrender the Article to stand force otherwise to all purposes These six-divided themselves into two parties wherâ—of Morris Cornet Blackburn and another broke quite through the Leaguer but the other three were taken the rest of the Garrison had liberty to go home leaving two Months Provision and some Ammunition behind them Lambert was the willinger to give these terms for the easing of the Country which by reason of an Armies lying before it so long was wasted and exhausted of all provisions who to avoid the like future inconveniencies sollicited and procured the Demolition of that Castle which from the Grave of Richard the second became now the Sepulcher of departed Layalty whose last efforts Expired here as became the repository of a Princes Ashes and his Royal Manes There is something to be said in this place concerning the seizing of Lieutenant-Colonel Iohn Lilburn Master Walwyn Master Prince and others of the Levelling Faction which began now to shew it self in the same rise and danger to the Independent Faction as that did to the Presbyterian but we will take that story all together upon which account we refer the Reader likewise as to the sale of the Kings Goods Moveables and Houshouldstuff now condemned there to a more exact account in the year following which begins with the Scotch affairs Anno Dom. 1649. THe Estates and Parliament and the whole nation of Scotland having received Advertisement of the horrible Murther of the King to the impeding whereof they had used what endeavour they could by their Commissioners intermediation at London did with all manifestation and expressions of sorrow bewail and deplore his Death and on the 6 of February ensuing to testifie the truth of their constant Allegiance to the Crown did in most solemn manner Proclaim his Son King Charles the second at Edingburgh the Cross there being hung with Tapistry and the Parliament-Lords in their Robes the Chancellour himself reading the said Proclamation reciting the Murther of the King to the King at Arms and the night concluded with all usual Demonstrations of joy and gladness This being over the Estates sent an expostulatory Letter to their former Brethren at Westminster concerning their proceedings with the King and were in the mean time by Letters flattered with the cajole of good amity and friendship and other fineries from those Regicides with many other flams of advantage if they would concur with or acquieâ—ce in what the Mogens of Independency had done in England But the passion of the Scot as seeing how his Countries Honour had been lost by the same Trayterous proffers boiled too high and would give no ear to such overtures nor would they enter into any Treaty with them nor own them directing their Messages to the Honourable William Lenthall Speaker of the House of Commons unless they were a free Parliaments consisting of both Houses without any force upon or seclusion of their Members The Scots were mainly intent upon another guess Treaty with the King and Sir Ioseph Douglas was ordered to be gone forthwith to give his Mejesty an account at the Hague what they had done and were preparing to do when on a sudden some of the Mackenzeys a great Sept in the North of Scotland and the Lord Freezer's Brother seized Innerness for the King and put them into perpleased Counsels about it The news whereof those at Westminster thought a good occaâ—ion for them to lay hold upon in order to a rupture with their King and when that distemper came to the Head some of the Gourdens whose Father the Marquess of Huntly was Beheaded about the beginning of March when he died a resolute Royalist with Lieutenant-General Middleton who had made an escape from Barwick into those parts and the Lord Rea joyning with them they failed not of doing their devoir by offering their assistance and inceâ—sinâ— the Scots against the King for whose sole sake they said all those Troubles wâ—râ— and still were like to be raised and fomented but Colonel Ker and Straâ—ghan defeating that party killing 400 and taking the Lord Rea and 800 Prisoners and Middleton submitting that disturbance ended and the Kingdom was again reduced into peace and quietness The Commissioners in the mean while were dispatched to the King being one Earl one Lord one Burgess and one Minister of which the Earl of Cassils was the chief and their Commissioners at London viz. the Earl of Lâ—thian Sir Iohn Cheisly and Master Glendonning remanded who having sent a peremptory Paper to the Juncto withdrew themselves privately intending to pass by Sea to Scotland but at Gravesend they were intercepted and by a Guard conveyed by
Land an Envoy going with them to the Scotch Parliament to know if they would approve of the aforesaid Paper who stomaching the Rump worse and worse turned him home again without any Answer but prepared for defence intending to Levy 17000 Foot and 6000 Horse as expecting the return of their Commissioners who landing about the middle of the Summer though they brought no Confirmation of Agreement yet gave certain hopes of it by Treaty presently to be Commenced the King offering all whatever his Father had promised to the settlement of Presbytery whereupon the Lord Liberton was dispatcht to wait on the King now intending to remove from the Hague through Flanders into France The English Army next comes under our consideration who perceiving this Principle of the Levellers which was to lay all things in Common and maâ—â—an Hodgepodge an Ochlarchy of Government was very taking and flâ—w high in their speeches and was higher in the Noddle of the covetous Souldier had ordered That no Souldiers or Officers should keep any private Meetings to begeâ— a disturbance in the Army their right of Petitioning being still preserved whereupon several Souldiers were seized and sentenced to ride the Wooden-horse with Papers on their Heads and Cashiered Lieutenant-Colonel Lilburn c. as aforesaid was likewise seized for a Book of his called Englands New Chains Discovered which was the bottome and foundation of the Levellers designe and one Lockier a Trooper for promoting of the like Models and two others were sentenced by a Court-Martial and Lockier was shot to death accordingly in Saint Paul's Church-yard and most sumptuously and in great state a Foot-man leading his Horse in black after his Herse attended by thousands with black and Sea-green Ribbons all of his party and some men of note and Estates carried to his Grave in the New Church-yard London These appearances of danger from the same party whom Cromwel had used as his foot-step to his designs lookt very untowardly upon Him and the Grandees whom this deceived people were ten times more enraged at than ever against the King For the prevention therefore of this evil he had timely bethought himself of a Remedy the transporting of these Mutineers and Male-contents under any Government to the service of Ireland for which 11 Regiments besides one of Dragoons under Colonel Abbot were by lot designed viz. of Horse Iretons Scroops Hortons and Lamberts of Foot Eures Cooks Hewsons and Deans and three new ones viz. Cromwels Venables and Phayrs their combining against or discouraging one another whereto he had caâ—tioned before by the said Order but that proved the meer crisis of that disease for the Army being generally infected and bewitched with the promises Cromwel himself and his Agents had spread abroad in order to the bringing about the death of the King of sharing the Kingdom among them could not endure to hear of fighting in another Country where they were sure of hardships and more desperate service and leaving their sweets they had already swallowed in their fancies of their Conquest here There was one Thompson the great ringleader of them a Cornet who had for these tricks of medling with Government and other adjutating pranks and pragmatical boldness to his superior Officers been condemned at a Council of War and reprieved This fellow now with two Troops of Horse enters Northampton and emits a Declaration shewing the Armies resolution of not going for Ireland though they think that Expedition in time fit to be undertaken till those main ends the peoples Liberty for which the Army first engaged should be secured and generally the Army was of this leven through the licentioâ—sness and intolerable boldness which their Antimonarchical Leaders had trained them up in to fit them to their purpose The first formidable eruption of it was at Salisbury where Colonel Scroop's Regiment of Horse laid aside their Officers and with their Colours marched thence in order to a conjunction with Harrisons Iretons and Skippous Regiments who had confederated by means of those Adjutators in the same designe which affair admitting no delay Fairfax and Cromwel with his own Regiment advanced to them to Bagshot and to Alton where they had notice that they were marched to Abingdon whither after a tedious march of fourty miles in one day the General came and Cromwel fell presently to work with his old arts of Treachery for Harrison's Regiment was hasting to the Conjunction His first finess in order to their reducing was the offer of a Treaty wherein satisfaction might be mutually given and that done that neither party should come within ten miles of one another whereupon the Levellers marched to Burford and being opposed at a Pass called Newbridge over the River to avoid any quarrel and hoping the Souldiery there would no doubt joyn with them upon the Treaty passed a mile lower and arriving at the Town relied so much upon the Generals and Cromwels engagements that most of them had put their Horses to Grass leaving a Corps de guard of some 60 men the whole party making in all 900 men consisting of 12 entire Troops reputed the best in the Army and whose defeat would have cost many men lives if the Army would have stood against them But to save that difficulty while those secure Troops were resting themselves and their Horses put in the adjoyning Meadows about twelve a clock at night Colonel Reynolds fell into their Quarters having notice from some Traytors within of their posture and presently mastered the Guard not dreaming of such a Camisado and seized most of the other then tipling or asleep Here were taken neer 900 Horse and 400 Prisoners whereof there onely were Executed one Thompson and two more who died very resolutely Cornet Den expressing his grief and sorrow was reprieved at the instant of Execution which their fellows beheld from the Leads of the Church and were saluted with a Message of Decimination but that Cromwel might ingratiate with the Army for his sake and at his instance they were pardoned and sent home to their own Houses the great Chieftain of them being pursued as he was marching towards this party took into Wellingborough-wood where couragiously defending himself he was killed by Carbine-shot refusing to take Quarter at such perfidious peoples hands This Hurliburly being over and ended like a flash the General came to Oxford where he was highly Treated and he and Oliver made Doctors of the Civil Law and Lambert c. and Hewson made Master of Arts from thence having intelligence of the like commotions feared in Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight he hasted thither through Hampshire and was received every where in great state and so back in triumph to London where he was complemented by the Parliament and City the last inviting both to Dine with them at Grocers-hall where they had a very Magnificent Entertainment Fairfax as their farewel-complement being presented with a Bason and Ewer
of Beaten Gold and Cromwel with 300 pounds worth of Plate and 200 pieces of Gold and great rejoycing there was and smiling too at this the Cities kindness whose Proclaiming of the Act for abolishing the Kingly power having touched before I think I am not obliged to the worth or worshipfulness of the matter to say any thing more of it here in its place but in lieu thereof will pleasure the Reader with a contra-aspect in this Archive and Premier Record of Englands being a Free-State Created by these Hogen Mogen words Be it Enacted and Declared by this present Parliament and by the Authority thereof that the People of England and all the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging are and shall be and are hereby Constituted Made and Declared a Commonwealth and Free-State and shall so be Governed by the Supreme Authority the Representatives of the people in Parliament and by such as they shall constitute as Officers for the good of the people and that without any King Single Person or House of Lords And for the Honour and Grace of this Free-State a new Mace was now made and brought to be Consecrated in the House wrought with Flowers instead of the Cross and on the bottome and the top the Arms of England and Ireland which was so well liked that they ordered all the Maces in England should be made after that pattern But that which they did most like a Free-State was giving and bounteously bestowing Estates upon one another for besides smaller Rents and lesser Sums kindly squandered and reciprocated among the Journey-men by themselves no less than 4000 a year was given to Fairfax out of the Duke of Bukingham's Revenues the Lord Cottington's Estate to Bradshaw and so to other their deserving Favorites And to requite the City for their civility of the late Treatment and to engage them at a pinch New-park with all the Deer therein was liberally conferred upon them to hold it in Common Soccage from any body a very excellent Tenure and Title Great givers must be great receivers and therefore besides their former Act of selling the Kings Houshold-goods which was pretended to satisfie his Debts but such Creditors as ventured upon them found them dear pennyworths not onely in conclusion but for the present being rated and prized so unreasonably that 100 l. in goods would not yield above ten in money There came out an Act for the sale of Deans and Chapters Lands the product whereof though encumbred with Debentures amounted to a clear account of incredible sums and another for the sale of the Mannors Houses Lands and Forrests of the King Queen or Prince but White-hall for that it was the residence of my Lords the Committee of Estates Saint Iames's and Windsor-Castle were by them excepted and Cromwel for a pleasant retreat for his future greatness saved Hampton-Court and Greenwich and the French-Church having obtained the use of the Chappel of Somerset-house rescued that likewise from sale because the Purchasers could not build upon the ground with any conveniencie if that were not demolished But the grand money-making Act the very Mint of their Commonwealth was an Act of the 7th of April for 90000 l. a Month which rose higher afterwards though in the middle of the War it was never more than 56000 and there were three Armies in pay but it seems the good Husbands had accounted and then published it that the Monthly charge was 160000 pound and that the standing force amounted to 40000 men in England and Ireland About this time several Inland Castles were demolished as Winchester Lancaster Belvoir Nottingham c. and some reparations made to the several Proprietors It will be requisite now to enquire what and how the King doth since we left him at the Hague while his Rebels rant it away in such ample manner and carry all before them 'T is true he wanted not a Kingdom being lookt upon by the people of those Vnited Provinces with the same respect as if he were their Soveraign nor did they â—ail of giving manifest demonstration thereof His Fathers Death was with all State Condoled and his ascent to the Throne Gratulated and that moreover both by the Swedish and Danish Embassadors then resident at that Court especially the Prince of Aurange by his respects and observance obliged all persons to the reverence of his Person as if no such misfortunes had befallen him nor could any thing but a vertuous tempered minde amidst such caresses and Honours been sensible of so sudden so dis-regarded and discountenanced adversity To better also his condition as to his Kingdoms came forth several defences of his Authority in several Treatises especially that of Salmasius called The Royal Defence which one Milton since stricken with blindness cavilled at who wrote also against that imcomparable Book and Remains of King Charles the Martyr about this time produced to light though endeavoured by all means to be supprest called Eikon Basilike in an impudent and Blasphemous Libel called Iconoclastes since deservedly burnt by the Common Executionâ—r doth justly challenge to be here Registred Thus He triumpht by the Pen and great were the expectations of his like success by the Sword Scotland being wholely his and Ireland vâ—ry neer reduced to the same obedience the affairs of both which Kingdoms calling him away He resolved to depart from this His long-continued abode and after mature consultations with the Princes His Allyes and His neerer Relations His disconsolate Mother then in France to determine to which Realm He should first betake Him but before His departure fell out this remarkable passage at His Court at the Hague One Doctor Dorislaus a Dutch-man and School-Master that fled his Country and here became a Civilian then pertainer to the University of Oxford and a Professor there but disappointed of his ambitious expectations in the beginning of the War became the Parliaments Judge-Advocate in their Army and at the expiration thereof by his acquaintance with Sir Henry Mildmay a great Enemy to though raised by the King at whose House in Essex he ordinarily played at Cards on Sundays was promoted to the Employment of drawing up that Charge against the King and the rather for that no Englishman durst finde or make a way to that illegal and unprecedented business After that perpetration he was thought the onely fit man to be sent over as an Envoy to his Country-men to prosecute the designs of that Fact which would look the handsomer to them by this their Subjects hand in it though he durst not have appâ—ard there but in the quality of a Forrain Minister He arrived there in May and the first night as he was at Supper there one Colonel Whitford a Scotch-man then attending the Kings Court with some twelve other Royalists regretting and disdaining the affront done to the King by the impudent boldness of this Fâ—llows address in the Face of His Majesty entred his Lodging
and with a broad Sword cleaved his Head and killed him suffering his Pagâ— to escape but by a mistake wounding another Dutch-man for him at their 〈◊〉 coming in and having done the deed quietly departed and though the States pretended a Hue and Cry yet the people were generally well satisfied and applauded the Execution but our States here were outragiously mad and published a Paper wherein they imputed this Fact to the Royalists and upon the next occasion threatned to retaliate it upon those of that party then in their Hands yet Ascham their Agent and Envoy to Spain some time after with 〈◊〉 Interpreter Signour Riba was served in the same manner at his arrival at Madrid in his Inn by one Sparks and other English Merchants upon the same account Sparks fled to the Venetian Embassadors and thence to Sanctuary but by the subtile Don to curry with our Masters then dreadful to his Plate-trade and for othâ—r designed advantages was at their important instance taken thence and with all mens pitty and indignation at the meanness of the Spaniard thereafter Executed The King on the 15 of Iune departed from the Hague in company with his Sister and her Husband the Prince of Aurange in their Coach and came early to Rotterdam where the Burgers were in Arms and was Nobly received and saluted at his passing the Gates with all the Artillery and Ringing of the Bells and other signes of Joy and Honour though the English Company there durst not as of themselves give any particular proof thereof From thence to Dort where he was received in the same ample manner and then to Breda and so to Antwerp where by the Arch-Dukes order he was met and entertained with 〈…〉 and presented with a most splended Chariot with eight Horses 〈…〉 welcomed by the Marquess of Newcastle who had fixed 〈…〉 out of respect to the great Civility he found from that people 〈…〉 him Excise-free with other immunities and priviledges and 〈…〉 to Brussels whâ—re his Treatments were most Royally ordered as the Kâ—ng â—ftâ—rwâ—rds acknowledged for the most sumptuous magnificenâ—y and pâ—easing 〈◊〉 He ever met with and with the same grandeurs as if the King of Spain had received them himself which Amplitudes were observed throughout 〈◊〉 passage and at his departure thence the Duke of Lorrain gave him the like entertainment and conveyed him on his way to France where in Compâ—â—gne the French King accompanied with the most and chiefest of his Nobility received him with all the Testimonies of affection and Honour and brought him in State to Saint Germains to the Queen his Mother where we will leave him in Counsel with his surest and most beloved friends The Dutchess of Savoy his Aunt having made him an assignment of 50000 Crown a year and several the like proffers from others of his Family while His Brother the Duke of Gloâ—cester and the Princess Elizabeth were transferred from the Earl of Northumberland's to the care of the Countess of Leicester at Penshurst with the maintenance of 3000 a year which was afterwards lessened when they came into the custody of Anthony Mildmay at Carisbroke in the Isle of Wight there being a bold but credible rumour of a resolution of our States putting the Duke to a Merchant or some other Trade The Commonwealth of England was now wholâ—y busiâ—d about the affairs of Ireland which proving very desperate Colonel Monk lately dismist from his Imprisonment in the Toâ—er upon account of his service in this Kingdom having vowed 〈…〉 draw Sword against the King in England was ordered privately to jâ—yn 〈…〉 O Neal and Nuntio party the bloodiest of 〈◊〉 the Râ—bels to pâ—â—â—erve what was yet leâ—t the Parliament of which more hereafter and in the mean time all possible speed was made for the Expedition hencâ— money was mainly wanting and therefore the City was desired to lend â— 20000 l. upon the security of the Act of 90000 l. per mensem but that not proving satisfactory the Act for the sale 〈◊〉 Dean and Chapters-lands then greedily bought up by old Arrears Debentures and Doublings was offered and additional Acts for removing of Obstructions were passed and sums of money to be raised thereupon secured for the same Lieutenant-General Cromwel was complemented with the Command which aâ—ter some debate he accepted and was Voted Lord-Governour of Iâ—eland Fairfax yet continuing General in both Kingdoms Towards the second of Iuly most of the Army designed for that service was drawn to the Sea-side and Colonel Venables Regiment shipped over with some 1500 more which with Tuthills Regiment newly landed before made Iones the Governour of Dublin 7000 strong with which he attempted several times against the Marquess of Ormond with little and various success On the 13 of August Cromwel having passed to Bristol and by reason of cross weather compelled to go for his passage to Milford-Haven with a Fleet of 60 Dutch and English Bottoms set sail and the next day after landed at Dublin his whole Force with Iones now made his Lieutenant-General amounting to 15000 men It will be now very necessary to give an account of the state of that Kingdom and because it is the first atchievement of the New State it shall be rendred entire without any interfering affair though without any other Apology it will take up the most part of the remaining year The Relation whereof we have from an Actor and Eye-Witness there as he hath most elegantly and orderly laid it down worthy of all belief and even pleasant in the ruines he deplores who with many other Loyal English Gentry having escaped or left England to the barbarities of the Usurpation joyned with the more civiller Irish and pursued the Kings Cause in this another of his Kingdoms The Marquess of Ormond Lord-Lieutenant of that Kingdom being prest with the danger of a Siege from the Roman-Catholick-Confederates who had broken their League and Treaty with him had delivered Dublin as aforesaid in 1647. to the Parliaments Commissioners having articled for his free passing to the King and for those sums of money he had expended for the English Interest out of his own private purse when that Exchecquer was drained and accordingly having waited on the King while the Army carried him about with an account of his Actions passed into France whence about September 1648. the said Catholick Confederates perceiving a storm impending on them from England had by Letters to the King importuned His resending to them upon their Engagement and Protestation of plenary submission to his Majesties Authority and to him as his Lieutenant as being the onely fit qualified person for his Interest Birth and Relation to preside in that Nation His Lordship accordingly undertook the Commission and though all things promised fair by the agreement made with the Lord Inchiqueen who had had several successes against the Rebels and had joyned Forces with the said Confederates yet did the
ways remedy being constrained to humor and comply with that party as being a people so ticklish and unsteady that if disgusted might probably either side with Iones or retiring to their own Garrisons compel the Army to withdraw from Dublin by declaring themselves for the Parliament of which Grudge slightly hinted before Sir Thomas Armstronge and the Lord Moor being come in to the Lord Inchiqueen Colonel Mark Trevors that was but newly declared for the King having got notice of a choice party of O Neals sent to Dundalke to convey thence such Arms and Ammunition as Monke had undertaken to supply him withal invited the Lord Inchiqueen to intercept them who came so opportunely thither that he gained O Neals supply of Ammunition with the utter deâ—eat of his Party whereupon soon after the gaining of Drogheda which ensued immediately upon O Neales defeat Dundalke it self being summoned the Souldiers compelled Monke to a Surrender and themselves took Arms for the King Immediately after this defeat of his Party O Neale hastneth towards the Relief of Derry which was the onely Town in that Province untaken all the rest being already reduced by the Lord of Ards Sir George Monrâ— and Colonel Trevors who were now hindered onely by O Neales Army and the Siege of Derry from bringing up a considerable Body of Horse and Foot to the Leaguer of Dublin Where may be observed how great a prejudice the Faction of those men who desiring out of animosities and ends of their own to stave off O Neal and his party from the benefit of the Peace stood chaffering with him about his Command of 4000 or 6000 men and other trifles have done to the Kings service and to the whole Kingdom in depriving themselves thereby not onely of the forementioned assistance of the Scots but also of the possession of London-Derry together with so considerable an addition of Forces as O Neal could then have brought whereby not onely the whole Province of Vlster would have been secured to the King but Dublin it self either reduced or so strongly surrounded that it would have been impossible either for Iones to relieve himself or Cromwel to invade the Kingdom Which notwithstanding all these forementioned disadvantages was upon the matter even gained already and would have been entirely without any manner of question if it had fortuned that His Majesty had seasonably come thither himself in Person which by all parties was desired with infinite passion but especially by those whose prudence made them best able to Judge how effectual his presence would be not onely for the animating of his own Loyal Party but also suppressing of all Factious humours and uniting all Interests chearfully and unanimously to go on against the common Enemy which must soon have put a period to that War and made his Authority absolute in that Kingdom without dispute for as upon his arrival His Majesty should have found Munster entirely in the Irish and the Lord Inâ—hiqueens possession Vlster all reduced but the Fort of Culmore and Derry into the Hands of the Scots Connaght by the Marquess of Clanricards fortunate gaining the strong Fort of Slego with what else the Enemy had then remaining in that Province wholly cleared In Leinster nothing left for Rebellion to nestle in but Dublin and Ballisannon both which were so well attended upon that the Defendants had but little pleasure to air themselves without the circuit of their Works so by his coming he would undoubtedly have diverted Owen O Neal who would immediately have submitted unto the person of the King from relieving London-Derry and thereby have secured both that Town and Province with Dublin also as it is thought for they that had reason to know Iones's minde apprehended that his leaving the Kings party did proceed from a Pique â—â—â—her against the Lord-Lieutenant or Sir Robert Byron about a Lieutenant-Colonels place which was conferr'd over his head upon another and that then the Scene being altered in England and his old Friends out of Authority there his new terms with the Independents also yet unmade he himself would come over if the King had been there in person or if not yet his Party would have all deserted him and the work have been done one way or other that Kingdom wholly reduced without a blow all Factions as I said before extinguisht and his Majesty had had an Army of above 20000 men to have employed where he pleased After the taking in of Trim which followed soon upon the surrender of Dundalke the Lord Inchiqueen brings up his Forces now much improved in number to the Army before Dublin whereupon his Exellency leaving a part of his Army at Castleknock under the command of the Lord Dillon of Costelo a person of much Gallantry to keep them in on that side the Water removes his Camp to the other side the Town to distress the Enemy that way also Which whilst they are endeavouring to do upon intelligence that Cromwel was ready with an Army to Embark himself for Ireland and that he intended to land in Munster the Lord Inchiqueen thought if fit that he should with a good party of Horse go down into those parts to secure his Garrisons and provide for the worst His Lordship was no sooner gone but the Lord-Lieutenant designing to shut up the Enemy within his Works and quite impede as well their getting in Hay as the Grasing of their Cattel without their Line gave order to Patrick Purcell Major-General of the Irish Foot to march with a sufficient Party of men and an Engineer to Baggot-Rath there to possess himself of that place immediately and cast up such a Work as had been already designed Sir Wiliam Vaughan Commissary-General of the Horse had order likewise to draw together most part of the Troops that were on that side the Water and to keep them in a Body upon a large plowed Field looking towards the Castle of Dublin there to countenance the Foot while the Works were finishing and to secure them in case the Enemy out of the Town should attempt to interrupt them These were the Orders given but not executed for notwithstanding it did not much exceed a mile whither the Foot were to go yet through the ignorance or negligence of the Officers that were to conduct them many hours were spent ere they came at the place whither when they were come they found the Work so wretchlesly advanced by Master Welsh the Engineer and to help all themselves kept such negligent Guards that many judged it was done on purpose and that these neglects proceeded from those lurking seeds of discord between the Kings and the Nuntio's Parties For it is certain that about that time upon an apprehension that things went on too prosperously with the Lord Lieutenant there were Letters written to Owen O Neal about broaching a New War in case Dublin had been taken Whatever the grounds of these failings were the Enemy never stood to examine but
but as it were upon courtesie all his Authority in effect consisting in the awing one Faction with another the best of which he found to be on so uncertain and unsetled terms that you will I doubt not when you reflect upon it easily grant that the Lord-Lieutenant could not in prudence do an act that was likely to give so great and general a distast as indeed to have proceeded against Major-General Purcell would have been to the Confederates amongst whom he had so many alliances and friends and the running away of the rest was so universal a fault that it was hard to discover who deserved punishment most and harder to find a Court of War to censure them During this short residence at Kilkenny his Excellency having taken Order with the Lord Inchiqueen to bring up what Forces he could possibly make and with the Commissioners for the recruiting drawing together and arming their dispersed Forces as soon as could be to the end they might be sent after him he speeds away himself in the Company onely of 20 or 30 Horse towards Trim and Drogheda as the places both neerest the Enemies attempts and likeliest to totter back if not secured in time At Tecroghan a House of Sir Luke Fitzgarretts he makes a stay till those several Bodies that he then expected were come up and upon notice of their coming removes to Trim where he meets with news of Iones his being before Drogheda who soon after upon intelligence that the Lord-Lieutenant was at Trim and supposing his Forces to be greater than indeed they were drew off in the night and returned immediately to Dublin The next day his Excellency went through to Drogheda where a party of the Scotch Horse and Foot under the Command of the Lord of Ards and the Lord Clanbrazill came up unto him but whilst they were consulting what to do they received assurance of Cromwels landing with very considerable Forces Whereupon concluding that Town necessary to be kept to entertain the Enemy before whilst they made up their Army as they hoped to do very considerable and soon enough to come to the Relief of the place of which if they should fail no question was made but after the gaining of time which was then precious they in the Town should be able to make Honourable Conditions for themselves whilst Cromwel is refreshing his own men in Dublin and reducing Iones's There is put into Drogheda a Garrison of 2500 Foot and 300 Horse which was thought sufficient and so having furnisht it with Provisions as well as that short time would give them leave his Excellency commits the charge of that place to Sir Arthur Aston as a person whose Experience Courage and approved Fidelity did worthily deserve the highest Trust. These things thus ordered his Excellency returns to Trim and from thence he dispatched away Colonel Daniel O Neal then Governour of that place with a Commission to set on foot the Treaty again with Owen O Neal if it were possible and to endeavour the reducing of the Vlster-Army even upon any conditions a person esteemed by all best qualified for that employment as well in regard of his singular ability and approved Fidelity to the King as for the great Interest he was supposed to have in his Unkle who managed the business with that dexterity as he won his Unkle to hearken again unto an Agreement whereupon Sir Richard Barnewell and Sir Nicholas Plunkett are sent after to make an absolute conclusion with him though by the way this may not be unworthy of observation that those persons who were formerly most opposite to this Agreement were now become the greatest sticklers to promote it with his Excellency being grown sensible of the imminent and approaching danger that now threatned them Tecroghan is the next Stage his Excellency removes unto here he makes a stand as being the most â—â—portune place to draw his Army together in and lying most convenient after that was done to Relieve Drogheda or make any other attempt upon the Enemy Where besides the remains of the Irish Army already somewhat recruited there joyned unto him a good Regiment of the Lord Marquess Clanrickards of above 1000 Foot together with 300 Horse likewise that party of the Scots before mentioned Sir Thomas Armstrong and Colonel Trevors together with what Forces the Lord Inchiqueen could bring out of his Precincts these being got together and daily additions being still expected to the making them up a more considerable Body than they were at Dubllin the Lord-Lieutenant received several advices from Sir Arthur Aston to precipitate nothing for he doubted not of finding Cromwel play a while as certainly he had done had not Colonel Wall 's Regiment after the Enemy had been twice bravely Repulsed upon the unfortunate loss of their Colonel in the third Assault being so happily dismaid as to listen before they had need unto the Enemy offering them Quarter and admitted them in upon these Terms thereby betraying both themselves and all their Fellow-Souldiers to the slaughter For Cromwel being Master of the Town and told by Iones that he had now in his hands the Flower of the Irish Army gave order to have all that were in Arms put to the Sword Where besides the gallant Governour Sir Arthur Aston Sir Edmund Varney whose Name-sake was Standard-bearer to King Charles the first Colonel Warren Colonel Fleming and Colonel Brin Lieutenant-Colonel Finglasse and Major Tempest together with many other excellent Officers and Gentlemen there were Butchered neer 3000 Souldiers and those truly reputed the best that Kingdom affordâ—d This Massacre at Drogheda having lopt off a principal Limb of the Lord-Lieutenants Army and the loss of that Town letting the Enemy loose caused his Excellency to remove his Army from Castle-Iordan down towards the Counties of Wexford and Kilkenny there not onely to lye secure till General O Neal's Army came up unto them with whom now at last he having been rejected by the Parliament and the Commissioners and whipt to Reason with adversity there was an Agreement made and he submitted to the Kings Authority but also ready to be drawn into either Wexford or Kilkenny as there should be occasion for upon one of those places after the Enemies retreat from Drogheda to Dublin it was concluded they would tall on next For which reason his Excellency for many days Courts the Town of Wexford to take in a Garrison Kilkenny having received one already but they affirming they were able to defend their Town themselves would never be brought to admit of one till the Enemy was at the Walls and then tumultuarily Sir Edmund Butler with neer 1500 men was received in as Governour whom to re-inforce after the Enemy was now set down before it the Lord-Lieutenant comes with new supplies within sight of the Town and had put them in to the infallible preservation of the place if before his Excellencies eyes the Town had not
Assaulting they were bravely Repulsed leaving 600 Arms behind them after which check they resolved to march off and are sending their Artillery away silently before whilst the Townsmen convey a Drummer privately over the Wall and upon I know not what accord let the Enemy in unknown to the Souldiers who were then forced to retire to the Castle and make their Terms which being granted them they march away Kilkenny being gained by him let us leave Cromwel at Cashel for a while amongst his Committee-men and return into Connaght where the Clergy and Commissioners seeing that the Lord Clanrickard having refused to take the Government upon him was resolved in case they continued disobedient unto the Lord-Lieutenant lest the Kings Authority should be exposed to further disobedience and contempt to leave the Kingdom together with his Excellency and considering what a certain Ruine their departure would be unto them all are now courting the Lord-Lieutenant to stay and offer to come to composition with him who demands assurance from them that the Respective Towns of Limerick and Galloway shall receive sufficient Garrisons and that themselves with all the Souldiers and people shall hereafter readily obey him which they undertake unto him upon condition that all the English whatsoever under his Excellencies Command might be disbanded and sent away that the Bishops of the Kingdom might have a share in Council and the management of things that the Receiver-General which was Sir George Hamilton Brother-in-law to the Lord-Lieutenant a person of great parts Honour and Merit might give in his accounts all which his Excellency out of his great desire to satisfie and unite the people thereby to preserve the Country and the Kings Interest if it were possible at last assents unto This Agreement being made the English were accordingly to free the Irish of their Jealousies who either were or would seem to be equally suspicious of the Royalists as of those that had served the Parliament before disbanded and since there was no further employment for them nor means of getting away by Sea they had leave to make their Conditions with Cromwel to pass through his quarters out of the Kingdom which being granted by him all all the small remainder of the Lord Inchiqueens men except a few that Colonel Buller was to carry for Scilly went under the conduct of Colonel Iohn Daniel into the Enemies quarter so did the Lord Ards and after him Sir Thomas Armstrong with whom went also Master Daniel O Neal upon the score of carrying a Regiment into Spain There remained none behind that was permitted to bear any charge but Lieutenant-Colonel Treswell at the Lord Ormonds particular instance to Command his Guards of Horie onely Iohn Digby Colonel Henry Warren and Colonel Hugh Butler â—aid to wait upon his Excellencies person and bear him company in his aâ—â—entures Colonel Trevor rendred himself likewise upon the same account But before I go on I must not omit to tell you how Dean Boile who was sent to treat with Cromwel for the English that were disbanded being offered it as he says by Cromwel and imagining as himself affirms to do a service to the Lord-Lieutenant and the Lord Inchiqueen in it adventured of his own head to take Passes from him for their departure out of the Kingdom whereof as soon as ever Dean Boile was gone he makes use to debauch the Irish Garrisons to take Conditions from him assuring them the Lord-Lieutenant had received his Pass to depart the Kingdom though the Passes were absolutely without his Lordships privity or license accepted and with indignation resented but in the mean time Emer Mac Mahon Bishop of Cloghor who had been chosen General of the Vlster-Army having a good while since received his Commission from the Lord-Lieutenant was now gathering together his Army which in a short time after he had made up to be about 6000 men wherewith having taken several little Castles in his way he was marched up into the Claneboyes and become Master of the field The next enterprize Cromwel went in hand with was to take Clonmell which was kept by Major-General Hugh O Neal who behaved himself so discreetly and gallantly in defending it that Cromwel lost neer upon 2500 men before it and had notwithstanding gone away without it if they within had had store of Powder but their small proportion being spent the Governour with his Souldiers was fain to go out of the Town on the other side of the River by night towards Waterford and leave the Towns-men to make Conditions for themselves which they did the next morning the Enemy not knowing but the Garrison was still in Town till the Conditions were signed Thus the loss of this place and several other Garrisons for want of Ammunition was another effect of the disobedience of the Towns insomuch that had it not been for a little Magazine that the Lord Clanrickard had providently made beforehand and wherewith since the loss of Drogbeda his Excellencies Army the Scots the Vlsters and most of the Garrisons were furnished all might have gone to an irrecoverable ruine whilst the Walled-Towns like Free-States lookt on as unconcern'd denying to afford it to them About the time of the Siege of Clonmel David Roch having raised above 2000 men in the Counties of Corke and Kerry and beginning to make head with them received a small brush from the Lord Broghall which onely dispersed his men for a few days his loss being not considerable for any thing but the Bishop of Rosse who being taken was hanged with two other Priests by Cromwel for being found in Arms as he said against the States of England Soon after the gaining of Clonmel Cromwel upon Letters out of England inviting him thither went to Sea and leaves Ireton in chief Command behind him to subdue the rest of that miserable wasted Kingdom whilst himself went about the Conquest of new Empires more worthy of his presence Here I cannot but observe that of all those thousands that either came with him thither or were sent after there are now few tens surviving either to reap the benefit or report the stories of their Victories his Army upon his departure being sunk to a very inconsiderable number especially in Foot and neer three parts of those consisting of either Irish Ione's or the Lord Inchiqueen's men who onely are able to undergo the woful incommodities of that Country now groning under a universal Plague Famine and Desolation to that degree that if they had known but half the miseries that expect them there I am confident that no Threats nor Flatteries could have perswaded men out of England thither in hopes of reaping the fruits of their fellows labours in that destroyed Kingdom Which as low as 't is brought may chance to cost Cromwel a second Expedition and another Army and yet go without it For they have Waterford Galloway and Limerick three of the strongest
Tyburn at two Sessions A new Council of State was as their annual change required now constituted Basil Earl of Denbigh being first named in the Act by which it was appointed by whom Mr. Anthony Ascham and Mr. Charles Vane were sent Agents to the respective Kings of Spain and Portugal in the Fleet with General Blake Care was likewise taken for another Fleet to be presently equipped which should consist of 30 great Men of War and several Frigats of great Force were now upon the Stocks and preparation made for others the Names of most of the former Navy being changed taking their new Names from the several places of the Parliaments Successes and Victories others relating to the Dignities of the Government as the President and the Faithful Speaker now newly lanched so that the Dutch began to look about them Several Complaints were now made to them from some that had suffered for their disloyalty in the Isle of Barbadoes as also from other of the Loyal American Dominions except New England that yet kept in Statu quo whereupon the State decreed to send a Fleet thither to reduce that place it being now Governed by the Lord Willoughby of Parham sent thither by the King from Holland whither his Lordship had withdrawn from the violence of the Army being one of those Peers whom they questioned for Treason in 1647. And Act came now out likewise Commanding all Royallists to depart London and twenty miles beyond it with an injunction not to stir five miles from their own habitation and to give notice to the next Officer of their arrival there and to make through work with them the Parliament was now in Debate of exposing several of their Estates to sale and such in the first place who were then beyond Sea and to raise these unhappy forfeitures to their greater advantage ordering that no Estate not Compounded for in the Delinquents life-time should be now Compounded for by his Heirs but should accrue entire to the State Against several Branches of this and other harsh usage particularly of that restraint and confinement within five miles of their dwelling the kinder Army interposed their desires as not consistent with their former Proposals but they well knew they were not to ask and must be disobeyed in that particular yea even in this most reasonable request of Liberty to those who had the benefit of Articles and had Compounded Another High Court of Iustice was now a forming which though the Act that Constituted it bore date the 5 of April in the year ensuing yet we mention it here because Montrosses Expedition and final defeat do challenge an entire space of time to register them Of this Court Keble one of the Commissioners of the Seal was now made President Bradshaw being too high to do that Journey-work any longer being President of the Councel of State it was erected in revenge of Ascham's and Doristaus's death as a Vote and Declaration of the States angrily expressed An Act passed likewise for the better managing of Estates under Sequestration which trust was committed to Samuel Moyer Iames Russel Edmund Winstow Iosias Barners William Mullins Arthur Squib and Rowland Moor names so terrible and Haberdashers-Hall their Court or Judicature so hated and infamed for the violences done by these persons there that they are not to be passed without a mark to Posterity They likewise Enacted the outing of all Officers who should not nor had taken the Engagement another Act against Mariners serving of Forrein Princes which still carried an ill aspect towards the Dutch another according to their tenour of professed Sanctity against Fornication which was passed in April but was not to take place till the 24 of Iune ensuing the first Reading thereupon was Harry Martin's who said it was made to catch Fools for that there was a Clause in it That no person should be convicted without the joynt-testimony of two witnesses yet an Old Man and an Old Woman of above 80 years old apiece suffered afterwards for it and for the open guilt whereof they had turned out Gregory Clement one of their Members though others lewd enough kept their Seats and finally one for the levying of 90000 lib. per mensem for the three first and 60000 l. for the three last months by which they hoped to ingratiate with the people now heavily complaining of the pressures and the ruine of their Trade And so we conclude this first year of the Government of our Novel Free States Anno Dom. 1650. WE begin the Year with the end of one of the Noblest Gallantest Persons that Age saw amongst all the Wars and Broils in Christendom A Captain whose unexampled Atchievements have fam'd a History and were its Volume ten times bigger it would yet be disproportionate to the due praises of this matchless Heroe Enter and Exit the glorious Marquess of Montross whose most lamentable Fare and Catastrophe we will here sum up in this no way competent compendious Narrative After his departure out of Scotland as you have read he betook himself to the Court of France where he was proffered the Captainship of the Scots Guards to that King a place of great Honour and Revenue but being delayed by Cardinal Mazarine who affected not that Nation and his spirit aiming at his own Princes Service he betook himself to the King then at the Hague where he endeavoured after the Murther of King Charles the first a like new Commission for Scotland but being thwarted therein by Duke Hamilton then residing there likewise and his confident Friends the Earls of Lauderdale and Calendar who was aemulous of his former glories in the Government and late War of that Kingdom he betook himself to the Emperor at Vienna where he was presently proffered the Command of an Army of 10000 men and to be independent of any other General but the Peace being concluded betwixt the Swede and the Emperour he departed upon pursuit of his adventure into Scotland having obtained a Commission from the King and in order to that Expedition was furnished with four ships from the Duke of Holstein some supplies from the King of Denmark and 1500 Arms from the Queen of Sweden and some Horse promised under General King from thence and a little neat Frigat â—or his own conveyance some monies also were disburst to him which were transmitted to Amsterdam for other the like occasions and necessaries and there falsly and basely squandred away by one Colonel Ogilby an old friend and now entrusted by the Marquess in that affair unfortunately and unhappily enough a limb of the Designe being thus broken With these the Marquess as is supposed fearing lest he should have an express command to desist from his purpose because the Treaty betwixt the Prince and the Scotish Commissioners was now very neer a conclusion did precipitate himself and those that were with him into a most inevitable ruine Now all those great
Levies and Aids those mighty preparations for the Invading of a Kingdom settled in a posture of War and well forewarned of his intentions amounted not above the number of six or seven hundred at the most strangers and all The Common Souldiers which adventured over with him most of them Holsteyners or Hamburgers He had sent him by the Queen of Sweden for the arming of such Gentlemen as should upon his arrival betake themselves to his Party as before 1500 Arms compleat for Horse Back Brest Head-piece Carbines Pistols and Swords all which after his defeat in Cathnes were taken untouch'd With this small preparation it was a desperate action to attempt so mighty a business And although his touching first upon the Island did encrease his number and gave him almost the beginning of an Army yet were those barbarous people so raw and unacquainted with Discipline that they proved in a manner useless and unserviceable 'T is true the Inhabitants of those Isles were a people in former times very fierce and warlike and have under their own Captains made many great Impressions into the very heart of the Kingdom But whether it was the policie of the late Kings to leave them untrained of purpose to break their natural fierceness or because their own Captains being quelled or cut off they cared not much to engage under any other certain it is that Kingdom for 200 years last past hath not made less use of any they had under their Jurisdiction nor have they at this present less opinion of any Scots for Military courage and valour And this may be alledged as a great cause of their remissness and unweildiness whilst they were in the Marquesses Service I told you a little before of Montross's whole strength which did accompany him from Germany whereof two ships with near upon a third part were sent before but by storm of weather which is both frequent and dangerous amongst those Northern Islands they were lost with all the men and Arms nothing saved This was another check and as it were a warning and a forerunner of the sad event which followed But the business being fatal he must needs contribute his own endeavours towards that destruction which his cruel fortune had provided for him For he being nothing terrified with this success sends out a second party which making a more prosperous Voyage landed at Orkney and entred the Island without any resistance there being at that time no Garrison or defence placed in any of those Islands by the States of Scotland together with these he sent several Commissions for levying Horse and Foot Immediately there were several dispatched to Scotland and the Islands adjacent for that purpose the people of the Country being in no condition to resist these Officers endeavoured in hopes of favour as much as they could to further the designe And those who were not so earnest were by their own neighbours favourers of the Cause and these violent Commissioners forced to take up Arms. Not long after landed the Marquess himself with the rest of his Company together with those Gentlemen which were resolved to partake of his fortune amongst whom were several persons of note Colonel Hurry was there a man who had engaged in all Quarrels but never prospered in any the Lord Frendraught for his Kinsman the Lord Napier was left in Holland Colonel Iohnson a resolute man and an old Souldier Colonel Gray a German Souldier Harry Graham his own natural Brother Colonel Iames Hay of Naughton Sir Francis Hay of Dalgety George Drummond of Ballach For he had employed as was thought Colonel Sibbalds his Companion heretofore as his Agent in Scotland but he was apprehended at Musselburgh and did accompany his General in death upon the same Scaffold The Marquess continued a considerable time in Orkney raising of Forces and strengthning himself with such Recruits as the place would afford Neither was there any preparation at all made in Scotland to dispossess him of these Islands either because it might be thought a difficult business to assail him within those places naturally guarded with a rough and dangerous Sea or because they knowing his strength expected a better opportunity of him as they found indeed within the Country After this poor rabble of silly creatures was amassed he resolved at last to Embarque and to that purpose gathers all the Boats he could finde ships his men and in a short space Lands them all upon the point of Cathnes which is the farthest land to the North-west of Scotland The people having some experience of the carriage of his former souldiery and now far more dreading the name of Forrainers partly by the terrible reports which were constantly given out of him fled away in heaps many of them not stopping till they came to the chief City Edenborough and there gave the terrible Alarm to the Parliament then sitting The Commanders were immediately summoned and charged with all possible hast to get the standing Forces in readiness and a Rendezvouze in order to the States Command was hereupon presently enjoyned at Brechin Northward Colonel Straughan who was then in high esteem with the great ones for his Valour lately expressed in the English service and his Zeal to the Presbyterian Cause much extol'd at that time had an ample and particular Commission granted to him by the Parliament to command a choice party of Horse which should not be subject to David Lesly's Orders but might Engage and Fight with the Enemy at his best advantage With these being not above 300 he advanced before the Army David Lesley with the rest of the Horse and Holborne with the Foot marching after him In the mean time the Marquess advanced but very slowly and that he might not be mistaken since all the world was much astonished at this Invasion now whilst the King was upon a Treaty he published a second Declaration wherein he laboured to clear himself of any aspersion of sinister ends That his intention was onely against some particular persons who had against the Laws of the Kingdom raised and maintained a War against the Kings Father and did now by their subtile practises endeavour to destroy the Son also That he intended nothing against the Generality of the Kingdom Lastly Exhorting all Subjects of that Nation to endeavour to free themselves from the Tyranny of those who for the present ruled the State and the oppression of the Ministry But the Country for several Causes did not come to second him as he expected For the Earl of Sunderland a potent man in those parts his Lands being next to the place where the Marquess then was raised a great power of his Tenants and Friends and did his best to terrifie and hinder all that were willing to joyn with him And though he found himself unable to deal with the Marquess's Forces yet did he stop all intercourse betwixt him and his Friends And those Gentlemen who had heretofore
and trom his Castles shooting at some of the Frigats who adventured within their reach a Quarrel arose betwixt that King and this State whose Men of War seized on nine Brazile-ships as they were passing into that Harbour The Estates of Scotland had now notice of the Kings present coming into that Kingdom the Earl of Dunfermling Mr. Murrey and Sir William Fleming being sent before by the King to acquaint them therewith when the two last were dispatcht again to give the King to understand the exceptions they took against some uncovenanted Scotch Lords as Hamilton and Lauderdail and other English Royalists coming over with Him but before their Arrival the King was shipt having newly received the distastful intelligence of the Murther of his faithful Servant the Marquess of Montross which as Cases then stood He was forced to pass by having expostulated very sorrowfully thereof with the Parliament who by all means endeavoured to smooth and colour that perpetration with the Vows of their Allegiance in order whereunto they said they Executed that Nobleman and some others with him viz. Sir Iohn Vrrey Colonel Spotswood Ogilby and Sibbald a very inauspicious entrance and beginning of a right understanding between his Majesty and them that was cemented with such Loyal Blood The King as was said before shipt himself at Terbeyden a Village neer the Hague aboard a Friggot an excellent Sailor Commanded by young Van Trump old Van Trump attending the King on board and charging his Son to do his utmost devoir for the Kings preservation and with Tears parting for there was some intelligence of the English Fleet lying to intercept him there were also two other Men of War in Company who carried his Goods and Retinue well provided and alike able for Fight and Defence With these Ships He had not long been under sail but a Tempest drove Him upon one of the Danish Islands unknown to the Fleet but where they were most humanely and civilly Treated and whence after a tedious Navigation they Arrived at the Spey in the North of Scotland Colonel Graves and Captain Titus alone of the English attending on his person just as the English King-catchers were set sail from thence under their Admiral Popham to seek out after him At His Arrival He was Complemented in great State by the Nobility and brought to Saint Iohnstons and so to Sterling being presented in the way with very great gifts according to the ability of that Nation who were now rising generally in Arms and a Party of Horse under Major Cuningham sent to visit the English Borders and to get intelligence for the Messenger they had sent to London Colonel Gray was secured at which time Mr. Prin was laid up in Dunster-Castle and dismissed with a Guard back again unheard an Answer being then in preparation to be sent by a General a more honourable and more powerfully-attended Officer That Command of course was devolved upon the Lord Fairfax and he desired to accept it but he being inscrupled by some of the Presbyterian Ministers who were highly incensed at this War as it was cunningly foreseen by Oliver and his Party who never endeavoured his satisfaction and pretending a reluctancy from the obigations of the National Covenant to engage against their Brethren totally declined it transferring the long-expected Military Supremacy by a Vote of the Parliament to Cromwel who very zealously accepted the Charge and with all readiness prepared for the Expedition which makes the second Trophy or Garland of these strangely and wonderfully prosperous Free-States of England On the 12 of Iune it had been resolved that the Army should Advance Northward but it was the middle of Iuly before they Arrived there for on the 21 of that Month Cromwel quartered at Berwick from whence he sent a Letter and Declaration to the Committee of Estates fraught with hypocritical canting expressions which the said Committee supprest returning answer that they would reply to it by Messengers of their own And lest any of their people should be deluded by the like fair words they made it Treason for any person to Correspond with the English and fell a driving all their Cattle and Provisions in the parts next adjacent to them beyond Edenborough Cromwel's Army was now reckoned 16000 men effective with which he came first to Mardington his Head-quarters Iuly 25. thence to Hadington within 12 miles of Edenborough on the Hills whereabout the Scots had Encamped themselves declining to Engage till their additional Forces were come off the Higâ—-lands On the 25 of Iuly the English advanced and attempted one of the said Hills where a small party of the Scots were and beat them presently off when a party of Scotch Horse fell in their Rear with such fury and vigour that they wholly disordered it and with Reserves and fresh Bodies seconded and pursued this advantage which being perceived by Major-General Lambert and Colonel Whaley who had the Rear-guard they couragiously Repulsed them to their Trenches in which action Lambert had his Horse shot under him was râ—n through the Arm with a Lance and was taken Prisoner but was rescued by one Lieutenant Empson This past and the Army wet and weary on their way to Muscleborough Betwixt 3 and 4 in the Morning another party of some 1500 Horse the flower of the Army being veterane Blades under the Command of Colonel Montgomery and Straughan fell with great fury and more exact valour upon them betwixt sleeping and waking and brought a terrible fright and dismay upon the whole Army Charging almost clear through upon the Sands but returning with their Prisoners were set upon by fresh Troops under Colonel Okey in good order and forced to double their speed home to their Camp having lost 100 men to the same number in the former attempt and some of their Officers slain and wounded but came off otherwise with Honour enough giving the Invaders little hopes of so easie a Victory and Conquest as the Fates had decreed to them and their invincible Fortune At Home the Parliament was busie about their High Court of Iustice and making orders for the Composition of Royalists excluding all such who within six weeks from their last limitation some time before should not effectually have finished it and in order thereunto they Debated upon an Act August the 6 being pressed for Money to carry on this great undertaking abroad for the sale of Delinquents Lands and Voted so many Estates to be sold as would make up security for 200000 l. and that an Act should likewise be Passed for doubling on the Purchases of those Estates of Deans and Chapters c. And into this black list the Earl of Derby was now put and other unfortunate Royalists of which hereafter In the Month of Iune Doctor Levens formerly a Doctor of the Civil-law who had all along served the King was apprehended in his Lodgings being set by the State-spies and several Commissions from the King and
Conditions some of thâ—se that did being Imprisoned the Court and Camp being sadly affected with this loss The Provost of Edenburgh Sir James Stuart is in Town but keeps private lest the Wives in the streets should abuse him as they did Straughan and Ker at their coming hither the Lord Warreston who came as he pretended for the Records is not yet returned but stays in Town for he cares not to go back He and the rest of that Remonstrant Tribe are Summoned to come to Parliament Colonel Dundass Straughan and Captain Giffan with Abernethy Swinton and Andrews were else to be Excommunicated and Declared Traytors which was done January 14. Mr. James Guthry and the Earl of Lothian and General Holborn were generally suspected with Sir John Chiefly who are every day expected in our Quarters Rutherford and Gillespy are likewise dissenters from the present manage of affairs Ker saith his wound on his right hand is Gods Justice against him for lifting it up against us in such a cause as he maintained And so I will conclude all those Treasonable practices and fomented divisions of that Nation against their common Interest Having first acquainted the Reader with an occurrence of the like nature from the better mannered and necessity-instructed Kirk who yet would fain have been paramount and were most boldly sollicitous with the King to consent to some other Acts mis-becoming the Majesty of a Soveraign and the Honour of His Crown which the King generously and disdainfully refusing there flew such rumours and whispers as if some disloyal and dishonest Counsels were hatching against his Person whereupon the King privately withdrew himself to his Northern Friends and Forces under General Middleton till such time as a right understanding Hostages being given on both sides as to his party and theirs was setled betwixt them which was firmly and absolutely concluded in an unanimous resolve of his immediate Coronation which was solemnly performed on the first of Ianuary in this manner First the Kings Majesty in a Princes Robe was conducted from his Bedchamber by the Constable on his right hand and the Marshal on his left to the Chamber of Presence and there was placed in a Chair under a Cloath of State by the Lord of Angus Chamberlain appointed by the King for that day and there after a little repose the Noblemen with the Commissioners of Barons and Burroughs entred the Hall and presented themselves before His Majesty Thereafter the Lord Chancellor spoke to the King to this purpose Sir your good Subjects desire You may be Crowned as the righteous and Lawful Heir of the Crown of this Kingdom that You would maintain Religion as it is presently professed and established Also that You would be graciously pleased to receive them under Your Highness's Protection to Govern them by the Laws of the Kingdom and to defend them in their Rights and Liberties by Your Royal Power offering themselves in most humble manner to your Majesty with their Vows to bestow Land Life and what else is in their Power for the maintenance of Religion for the safety of Your Majesties sacred Person and maintenance of Your Crown which they intreat Your Majesty to accept and pray Almighty God that for many years You may happily enjoy the same The King made this Answer I do esteem the affections of my good People more than the Crowns of many Kingdoms and shall be ready by Gods assistance to bestow my Life in their defence wishing to live no longer than I may see Religion and this Kingdom flourish in all happiness Thereafter the Commissioners of Borroughs and Barons and the Noblemen accompanied His Majesty to the Kirk of Scoone in order and rank according to their quality two and two The Spurs being carried by the Earl of Eglington Next the Sword by the Earl of Rothes Then the Scepter by the Earl of Crawford and Lindsey And the Crown by the Marquess of Arguile immediately before the King Then came the King with the great Constable on the right hand and the great Marshal on his left his Train being carried by the Lord Ereskine the Lord Montgomery the Lord Newbottle and the Lord Machlelene four Earls Eldest Sons under a Canopy of Crimson-Velvet supported by six Earls Sons to wit the Lord Drummond the Lord Carnegie the Lord Ramsey the Lord Iohnston the Lord Brâ—chin the Lord Yester and the six Carriers supported by six Noblemens Sons Thus the Kings Majesty entred the Kirk The Kirk being fitted and prepared with a Table whereupon the Honours were laid and a Chair set in a fitting place for His Majesty to hear a Sermon over against the Minister and another Chair on the other side where He received the Crown before which there was a Bench decently covered as also for seats about for Noblemen Barons and Burgesses and there being also a Stage in a fit place erected of 24 foot square about four foot high from the ground covered with Carpets with two stairs one from the West another to the East upon which great Stage there was another little Stage erected some two foot high ascending by two steps on which the Throne or Chair of State was set The Kirk thus fittingly prepared the Kings Majesty entred the same accompanied as aforesaid and first set himself in his Chair for hearing of Sermon which was Preached by Mr. Robert Douglas A la mode the Covenant About this time the young Prince of Aurange was Christened at which celebration the States General of Holland of Amsterdam of Delf were his God-fathers and the Queen of Bohemia and the old Princess of Aurange his God-mothers and was named William Frederick Henry But this being over the King intended to march Northward to hasten the said levies by his presence but the Nobility and Gentry of the High-lands promising to effect that affair with all expedition he went no further than Aberdeen having more occasion to continue in the Southern parts to keep the newly re-cemented friendship betwixt both parties entire and from other new Ruptures and to countenance his friends who now were admitted into the chiefest places of Trust and Offices Duke Hamilton being received into the Army Earl of Crawford made Governour of Sterling Middleton Lieutenant-General and other Loyal Scotch Lords in Offices and Commands befitting their quality and to their seats in Parliament which was to set down the 15 of February the King diverting himself in the mean time at his house of Falkland care being taken to secure the Castle of Fife from any Invasion two attempts that way being already made in the beginning of February upon Brunt Island which nevertheless miscarried with a great loss of men but the want of Provisions the English then laboured under and their having hopes of plenty on that â—ide Fife being the fertilest and most abounding place in all Scotland made them every day contrive and venture a landing thereon and flat-bottomed Boats and Sloops were
1644. which was the reason it was late ere he suffered and beyond his appointed time by three hours piously spent by him He most Christianly and worthy of all Memory gave up his Soul to his Redeemer being a little troubled at his longer detainer in this Vale of misery by the Executioner's missing the Signe And this sad occasion will direct us to a further account of those English Royalists who were taken in and after the same defeat among whom were besides others mentioned the Lord Grandison Sir Iohn Packington Colonel Blague the late Governour of Wallingford Colonel Broughton after Sir Edward and Colonel Massey who having escaped the fate of that day at Worcester and being tired with Riding having wounds yet green threw himself at last upon the Countess of Stamford engaging his parole for his true Imprisonment in her House till he was cured when he was removed likewise to the Tower and by a disguise shortly after made an escape The often-to-be-with-Honour-mentioned Colonel Wogan came off and got away untouched and recovered the Highlands with an indesistible courage of prosecuting the Kings quarrel even where Nature had fixt her non ultra while Iames Hinde the famous High-way-man some time before in England for Robbing of the Parliament-party adventuring Southward was betrayed in Fleet-street at his lodging and being from Newgate carried to the next Assizes of Abington and Worcester was at the last place when none would come in to swear against him either to Felony or Treason in the late Invasion as 't was called by the King betrayed by a Minister of their sending whose name I cannot get and by his Evidence Convicted and Hanged Drawn and Quartered in that City An Act for sale of Delinquents Lands had passed some time before now their Trustees with Boon Courage resolved to proceed the danger of voiding their Trusts and the Authority conferred on them being now past and some more Grist being like to come into their Mill by new Forfeitures wherefore they appointed the 8 day of September for their sitting down in pursuance of those powers granted by the said Act of Sale and chose Drury-house the Mansion of the Lord Craven for the place of their Sitting where they made several conveniencies for their Registers Accountants Cashiers and Clerks like to any other legal Office and there with other Estates exposed that Lord 's to common sale The Members had appointed the second of October for the Thanksgiving-day for this Worcester-Victory but because they would have it Celebrated with the greater solemnization by notice thereof throughout the three Kingdoms together they adjourned it till the 24 of the same Month in the Evening whereof General Popham one of their Admirals at Sea deceased on the 19 of August before attended by Cromwel and most of the Members was Interred in Westminster-Abbey This day was without any more scruple punctually observed the Presbyterians who were in the best Livings generally and indeed no body else scarce in any not offering to mutter against the Command of these their not-to-be-contended-with Lords and Superiors The Scotch affairs were now the consultation of the Parliament for having reduced that Kingdom to neer a plenary Conquest no English Forces or scarce a single man having passed so far as their Army was now Quartered and in Garrison the Civil Government was very fit to be considered of and how it should be managed In the beginning of the raign of King Iames much pains and endeavours were used by Him about the draught and accomplishment of an Union between both Kingdoms which might be so comprehensive as to be equally advantagious to both people and the Lord Bacon writ an Elaborate discourse and project of it but all came to nothing so many Scotch proud and surly difficulties were thereupon raised but now one Weeks work finished that mighty matter in a short Vote and Resolution That England and Scotland shall be Incorporated into one Commonwealth and Commissioners were named to go into that Kingdom viz. Oliver Saint Iohn Sir Henry Vane Alderman Titchburn Major Salway Major-General Dean Colonel Fenwick and General Monke before whose arrival onely Major-General Lambert and Dean were upon perambulation of the limits already gained and receiving submissions and granting terms several of the Scotch Nobility whose Ancestors thought the English Union a diminution of their Greatness and disdainfully rejected all tendencies thereunto came quietly in having made a bluster of doing something in the Highlands such were the Marquess of Huntly who to be repaired of some injuries done him by Arguile though his neer Kinsman thought good to prevent him by a timely acquiescence upon pact of having right done him in the said controversie the Lord Balcarris the Earls of Weems Angus and Calendar and Arguile himself was now in Treaty but to shew himself more considerable held it on foot almost half a year guarding his Castles the County and Levying Assessments like a Prince upon the Country The late Marquess of Montross his Children and Family were honourably taken into protection by General Monke Nor were the Royal Party half so averse and intractable to the English Usurpation for they had as they well hoped shaken off the insupportable Tyranny of the Presbytery and could hardly suffer more by any power whatsoever which might in time veer about unto its lawful Scepter as the Kirkmen and that brood who having lost their Arbitrary and most Tyrannical sway over the Consciences Estates and Lives of men raged at this Change the rather for having fooled and bewitched themselves into an opinion that they should be able by the Keys of the Kirk which they doubted not to re-establish in that Kingdom to oversway the Sword of the Sectary and to bring him to conform there being such a proximity in many of their Principles assigning to themselves that time-serving Complement of Oliver's The good people of the Nation of Scotland that were to be preserved in their Rights Civil and Spiritual and accordingly the Grandees of the Western Remonstrants took upon them to indict an Assembly and there they damned all which had been done by the late Parliament and Assembly and published a Fast with the grounds wherefore they were to humble themselves which being ridiculous Crambs of miscarriages about the King are purposely omitted and proceeded afterwards to that boldness as to expostulate and refuse in Print the Tender of Union for several Reasons which we shall hint in its proper place In Ireland while the Deputy Ireton lay before Limerick which Siege had continued most part of the Summer the Irish played pranks offering at a redemption of their losses but were too far spent for though Colonel Venables Hewson and Reynolds were out in parties to attend their motion Sir Walter Dungan Stormed Ross-Town and Castle-Iordan and had carried the Castle of Ross but for want of Provision which made him in hast to retreat into his Fastnesses where the Marquess
to Dunkirk from his Prison at Carisbrook where none but a Barber and a sorry Tutor attended him besides Anthony Mildmay his Keeper where he was very joyfully received and thence conveyed to Brussels where he had further grandeurs and civilities done him and brought thence in the Princess of Aurange's Coach to Breda in Holland to the great joy of the Royal Family who every day feared his Life from those Bloody Usurpers Soon after he had enjoyed the Company of his Sister he was conducted into France by the Lord Langdale and the Lord Inchiqueen to visit his Mother his Royal Brothers and the Princess Henrietta whose delight and content in the fruition of him as one risen from the Dead I will not be so bold as to take upon me to express Some while before his arrival at Dunkirk and just upon the news of his leave and dismission out of England the French King had by the advice of the Cardinal Mazarine who was returned in great state to Court and Council being accompanied by most of the principal persons of that Kingdom and more particularly by the Duke of York who was in high Reputation in the Army and met by the King of France himsâ—lf out of the Town notwithstanding all the perswasions and obstructions that were used by the Queen-Mother of England and her Interest in that Crown sent hither Monsiâ—ur Bourdeaux Neuville a creature of the said Cardinals his Envoy hither to the Parliament who delivered his Letters to them on the 14â— but the Superscriptions not being as full and as ample as other Princes weâ—e they were returned again unbroken up to the Embassador who having others by him as was supposed presented them shortly after which were well â—eceived and an Answer promised to be with all speed returned The Portugal Embassador who had been in Treaty here about the Damages-done the English in 1649. came now to a conclusion thereof and there remaining 15500 l. in difference betwixt Him and the Parliaments Commissioners upon his submission and reference of it to the Parliament they defaulked and abated the said sum as a token of their respect and good will to that King M. Bourdeaux's Negotiation was most abominably resented here as well as abroad for a piece of the uncivilest policy the French were ever guilty of but the Cardinal could not be secure nor better ingratiate with the Traffiquers and Traders which consists of the Commonalty who had suffered more by English Sea-Rovery than by a Peace here the Superscription of those Letters being a meer Falsifie and a present satisfaction to the desires of the said Queen The Dutch Lion was now Rampant and roaring out Proclamations and Placaâ—â—s against bringing in any English Manufactures or holding correspondence with us as if he had the Prey under his Paws and were sure of Victory all Princes were made acquainted with this late success which lost nothing by carrying and their Friends and Allies encouraged to come in and take part of the spoil and to Friend and Foe they peremptorily forbid by a Declaration the supply of the English with any Utensils or provisions of War and Trump had already seized eleven Lubeckers laden with Eastland Commodities pretending to Ostend by which Lubeckers and Hamburgers most of the Holland-Trade in single ships was disguised so that the English ships resolved to seize all those that spoke IA without any Shiboleth or distinction Upon this score three Hamburgh ships laden with Plate coming from Cadiz were brought into Plymouth though they pretended to be bound for Flanders and that the Money belonged to the King of Spain and was consigned for the pay of his Armies immediately upon notice of their Seizure the Spanish Embassador at London made application by a special Audience in Parliament for their delivery and did most industriously sollicite and prosecute the same but the Wealth was too considerable and of as great concernment to their occasions in this Dutch War as the Spaniard could alledge any and therefore they remitted the Examination of the business to the Judges of the Admiralty where it proved a most tedious Affair one Mr. Violet a Goldsmith and Prosecutor for this State engaging himself most busily in procuring their adjudication for lawful Prize In Ireland the High Court of Iustice was now erected and in Circuit the first place of their sitting being at Kilkenny where the Grand Council of the Rebels in 1641. had their Residence and thence to Waterford Corke Dublin and Vlster c. They were attended and sate in very great State neer the pattern in England with 24 Halberdiers in good Apparel for their Guard and all other Officers sutable The President of this Court was one Justice Donelan an Irish Native pickt out on purpose for the greater terrour of the Delinquents to whom as assistants were joyned Justice Cook the Infamous Sollicitor against the King whom they would have most wickedly and by all abominable artifices by urging and soothing their Prisoners to confess as much entituled to that Rebellion but found not by all their scelerate practises what they sought for and Commissary-General Reynolds many persons were by these Condemned some of the chief whereof as Colonel Walter Bagnal Colonel Tool Colonel Mac Hugh and a greater number of lesser Quality suffered Death Bagnal being Beheaded a manner of Execution not usual in Ireland the Lord Clanmallero the Viscount Mayn and some others escaped but the Nation was was so generally scared and in such a fright that happy was he that could get out of it for no Articles were pleadable here and against a Charge of things done 12 years before little or no defence could be made and the cry that was made of Blood aggravated with the expressions of so much horrour and the no less daunting aspect of the Court quite contounded the amazed Prisoners so that they came like Sheep to the slaughter which had been such ravenous Wolves in preying upon the Lives of the poor unarmed English but the Spanish Army was so full of them and their late revolt at Burdeaux to the French side made them so suspicious that thereafter they became very unwelcome Auxiliaries and upon that account the Lord of Muskerry who had according to Articles Transported himself came back again to Ireland without leave and was taken and committed to Dublin-Castle and some while after Tried at the same High Court of Iustice. Sir Phelim O Neal that great and prime Ringleader of the Rebellion was likewise betrayed by his own party in February following at Vlster neer Charlemount and brought Prisoner to the Lord Caufield's house whose Father he had treacherously Murthered and sent with a Guard to the same place and Hanged and Quartered Insomuch that all Ireland was now wholly reduced for Colonel Barrow had taken most of the places in Vlster save what Forces were skulking in the Fastnesses and made a kinde of thieving War and that was yet
very desperate Captain Gibbons with 100 men staid in Kerry where the Irish out of fear and distrust of any preservation or favour from the English rose in Arms again there remained too the Island of Enisbuffin whose Forces had in December to the number of 500 in Boats fallen down upon the Isles of Arran Garrisoned by an English company of 150 under a Captain who upon the first Summons rendred the Fort in that Island upon leave to depart for which he was condemned to dye and the Officers under him Cashiered To recover this Isle being of consequence to the peace of the Neighbouring Country Commissary-General Reynolds was sent with a sufficient Force and likewise to reduce Enisbuffin At his approach to Arran it rendred to him upon the first Summons as before it was lost on the 15 of Ianuary where he left some ships for the better securing of it their absence being the occasion of the loss of it before and so marched to Enisbuffin but with more hast than good speed 300 of the Van of his Forces being cut off but the Island being blockt up Colonel Câ—sack the Governour accepted of the usual Articles for Transportation and Surrendered that place Never were any Christian people or Nation in such a wretched condition as those Irish who from a vain conceit of obtaining their Liberty and shaking off the English Yoâ—k by their Rebellion now found iâ— set closer and harder on suffering the very extremity of Revenge and the dregs of Rage from a merciless Conquering Enemy to whom first the crying Sin of their barbarous Massacres and then their contempt of the Kings Authority when received among them and lastly their fatal divisions among themselves caused by their Fryers and the Nuncio-party had given them over As to the Priests they were by Proclamation upon pain of Death Banished for ever out of the Kingdom as the like had been done lately before in England and many of them had already been snapt by the Irish High Court of Iustice. The Parliament were no way insensible of the Damage and disgrace they had suffered from the Dutch in the Downs and to minde them the more of it Cromwel and his Officers kept a Fast by themselves upon that occasion but added other causes viz. the delay of the new Representative according to the old strain and therefore thinking the meanness of their Pay might dishearten the Seamen from serving in the Fleet they raised their Wages from 19 to 24 shillings a month and 20 Nobles for every Gun in any ship they should take from the Enemy with other advantages as to the shares of the Prizes and the better to defray this allowance they ordered the Sale of Somerset-house Windsor-Castle Greenwich Hampton Court Vaâ—â—â— hall in Lambeth Cornbury-Park For the invitation to which purchases and all other Forfâ—iâ—â—d Lands they had abated the interest of Moneys from eight to six per cent that the advantages of laying out their Money with them might appear to the Usurer who by such Bargains could not get less than 50 l. per cent provided it would last and the Lands continue in their possession Those Houses notwithstanding escaped by the hinderance and artful delays of Oliver Cromwel who designed them for his own greatness and State in his projected Supremacy He was now debating in Council with his Bashaws about the very same matter and the Parliament fell presently upon the Bill to prevent him and his Armies desires for the same Representative and offered fair Ianuary the fifth The Danish Embassadors had in the beginning of October departed England and by the way visited Holland and continued their Journey by Land home where upon their arrival that King had declared himself for the Hollander yet the Parliament hoping to reclaim him and the want of those Merchandizes he had seized urging them to it sent Bradshaw a bold fellow like his Kinsman who preferred him to Copenhagen from Hamburgh where he resided with that City as their Agent He came to the Court before Christmas but was delayed Audience till after the Holy-daies and when he had it granted it was to so little purpose and of so great danger to him at his return he being besides affronted highly in the streets that he wisht himself quit of his Employment and at home again At his request for a Guard to convey him back and his payment of them and passing by-ways and over several Waters he at last in much fear being certainly way-laid recovered Hamburgh whence he sent the Parliament an account of his fruitless Negotiation for the goods were unladen and sold and the Merchants Books of Accompt seized and in the Kings hands desiring also the repayment of those Moneys he had disbursed for the carrying the Masters and Seamen of those ships to Lubeck and those parts being not able to stay in Denmark any longer where a Comet newly appeared the effects whereof were very visible in those calamities that presently began in this and the Swedish War in which that King was desperately Engaged The Dutch had been Commanded to Sea from Porto Longone some while before by the Spanish Governour so that the English ships were at liberty and Badiley was now at Leghorn of whom the Great Duke demanded the Phoenix to be restored to the Dutch at their instance to him as taken in his Port which being refused he commanded that those English ships that then lay within the Mole being six in number should put to Sea within ten daies the debate had lasted a good while before this resolution which the Duke said he could not in justice and by the Law of Nations deny to the Hollander the event of which we will presently relate At home the Dutch were still far perter Songs and by words and Pictures made of this English defeat the names of the ships discanted upon that were taken as ominous to us having lost the Garland c. and the like devices this the Vulgar the Great ones were consulting of sending a Fleet to seize all our America-Isles and to Lord it there as their Ships did in the Streights and de Wit was also now almost ready to put to Sea with another Fâ—eet of 40 ships and Van Trump was ordered to come away speedily with such Merchant-men as were râ—â—dy to set Sail and Anchor at the Thames mouth and block up General Blake and the Fleet that was there ready but he came too late to effect it for on the 8 of February from Quinborough the General set sail with about 60 men of War intending to joyn with 20 more from Portsmouth such a Force and of so sudden a rise that the Dutch found themselves much deceived in their designe abroad and Conclusions at home On the 11 of February the Portsmouth-Fleet the Wind blowing Eastward joyned with the General at Beechy head and thence sailed over against Portland where they lay a cross the Channel half Sea over to
that though his Death be unknown yet his Life and the Renown of it is famous and the Glory of it Proclaimed throughout the World he set sail from those unfortunate Islands and arrived at Nants in Briâ—any in March with the Swallow and a Prize laden with Tobacco and a little Frigat and soon after his Arrival fell Sick but happily recovering he was invited to Paris and Complemented by the French King who sent the first Gentleman of his Chamber to salute him and highly and cordially welcomed by our Soveraign yet in that Court where now the whole Royal Family were very neer met together Monsieur Borâ—el Embassador from the Queen of Sweden being the third within the space of a year arrived in England about the same time and other Letters came again from the States of Holland and West-Friezsland to the Parliament the Dutch at the same time meditating on a speedy Peace and a potent carrying on of the War having prohibited the Greenland-Voyage again for that year and making all Expedition to set de Wit with another Fleet to Sea the Ballance of Victory standing still in aequilibrio for what was lost in the Channel was gained in the Streights and 't was concluded they that could raise most Men and Ships would be sure to carry it And their first designe was now upon our Colliers the great Nursery and Seminary of Sea-men for the Service whom if they could intercept being about 150 sail and but ten Men of War for their Convoy the Work was done A Fleet of 20 great ships and some little Frigats was dispatcht first and de Wit followed which first Squadron having been descryed by the Colliers at Sea they with their Convoy put into Scarborough and there under the protection of that Castle and new Platforms raised to gall the Dutch if they approached which was well perceived by them they Anchored till the Dutch drew quite off having pretended it twice before upon the coming of Vice-Admiral Pen with his Fleet that way The year ends with the release of Sir Iohn Gell and some Scotch Prisoners out of the Tower among whom was Mr. Robert Douglas and submission of the Lord Iniskillin Colonel Conuer and Mac Guire in Ireland upon the usual Terms of Transportation and an Act Constituting Iohn Bradshaw their bold President and their great Favourite to be Chancellor and Bartholomew Hall one of the Lord Whitlock's Dependants to be Atturney of the Dutchy of Lancaster that they might do something for their Friends before they dye And lo a Revolution A CHRONICLE OF THE CIVIL WARS OF ENGLAND SCOTLAND and IRELAND THE THIRD PART BEING The Protectorate Anno Dom. 1653. NOw to the reproach of Fortune and her glorious Pageant of an English Commonwealth which she had set up for another Wonder in the world to brave the Pyramids of Stone Colossus of Brass as to the defence of Times injury having subdued all likelihood or appearance of danger from without all Princes being ready to entertain their Friendship See the frailty of this structure the undermines and the cheating deceitful labour of their Architect and prime Workman in the Ground-work of this Republican Fabrick That Foundation was laid upon the Ruines of Monarchy the seeds whereof being laid in the King's Death through a four years corruption of time reared its Head now though with a forced and precoce blade a fading verdure that bespoke its unseasonableness and sudden perishment in the Family and Person of this Usurper and exerted it self afterwards in the Hundredfold Fruits of an yielding and obedient people to their Rightful Soveraign It was perceivable now what Chimera's were in the projection of the Commonwealth which had so many ambitious and covetous Masters every one of them managing his designe and stretching it to the same measure of perpetuity Sons and Nephews being brought into the Parliament and the same Relations upon the score of Inherent Merit brought into the Army and these interessedly opposite and contrary to one another the Single self to the reducing of it to Monarchical Regiment in this very Democratick form being solely intended so that it was little labour for Cromwel with his Instrument in his Hand to charm the several divided Factions of that Individuum vagum there being no other cement or obligation of their holding together but that glutinous and sticking Guilt of the Kings Blood and all places of Command and Profit were already in the Hands of his Friends and Favourites without any quarrel or indeed without any perceivance of his Grand designe which as it had worried the Kingdom to the destruction of the King so was it after to weary them with another Parliament by their barbarous and strange proceedings and so recommend himself to the People He indeed took a very happy juncture for the Execution of it just as the Scale of the Dutch difference was turned and Victory was inclining to the English and when a very potent Fleet was out at Sea and the Moneys at the rate of 120000 l. per mensem was just coming in and their Exchequer and other Receipts pretty full with the several Incomes Forfeitures and Revenues and as to his assurance of it he wanted not any assistance the Army onely his and a third part of the Parliament joyning with him in his Conspiracy which yet was a rash and hazardous venture There had been no Law nor Government before now even Prudence and Wisdom forsook the Grandees and Principals in the proceeding Rebellion For it was then clearly and truly judged that the setting up of this private and indeed debaucht Person and Family in opposition to the King the memory of whose super-excellent Vertues Gifts and Graces and His cruel Martyrdom were yet recent and His Heirs would presently ruine the Usurper for it being like to prove a War betwixt the Crown and Iack Cade it was rightly concludible that no longer than his Rebel-rout could be maintained and kept together could it be expected that Oliver's bloody house could stand The prosperous Rebel never boded this nor did he think it within his consideration his great aims were upon the Parliament an impotent and feeble Crue that stood upon his Crutches and yet threatned to beat him with them such Masters of Defence they were This made him forsake his Wiles and Fabian delays and with his Sword riddle the Oracle of this Delphick Parliament by its dissolution Fate never played such a frolick prank nor was there ever such a Scene of Mirth in all her Mazes and Varieties of Government Nor often do wicked great men survive the infamy and dishonour of their Actions and live the infamous obloquie and reproach of themselves but as if God would invert the threatned punishment of the breach of the fifth Commandment these unexampled parricides were decreed to outlive the desire of Life and to see all their Greatness buried their Reputation abroad and their Dread at home fallen into such Ignominy and Disgrace
to be to consult any such thing though by the like practises his Father lost his Life and that he feared he should not die right in his Favour for being suspected of such a thing and then most courageously stooped to the Block With him upon the same Scaffold suffered the Portugal Embassador's Brother then Residing with Oliver by Name Don Pâ—ntaleon-Saâ— â— He had a while before made a Riot in the New-Exchange upon conceit of an Affront or some scorn cast upon him there and killed one Greenway a Gentleman standing quietly at a Stall no opposition being made but by this Colonel Gerrard who was now fatally joyned with him in Death The Murther was Committed by a Knight of Maltha who escaped but this Nobleman and four more of the Embassador's Servants among whom was an Irish youth were arraigned before Chief-Justice Rolls Sir Henry Blunt and Recorder Steel Tichburn and others joyned in a Commission of Oyer and Terminer and Tried by a party-Jury of English and Forrainers as of custom and though he at first refused to Plead alledging his Quality he was at last Convicted and Condemned He had made an Escape by the civil industry of the Lady Philip Mohun and attempted it again but was retaken and now Beheaded After the Priests and he had prayed upon the Scaffold he shewed some little aversion of Dâ—ath but whether out of anger or fear is uncertain the people and spectators shewing different passions at the fall of both these Victimes to crafty Tyranny and impartial Justice This was done upon the King of Portugal's order to whom the cause and Execution of Justice in his own Kingdom was first remitted The Embassador soon after the conclusion of a Peace disconsolately departed The Irish Youth suffered at Tyburn the rest were Reprieved and afterwards Released In the same month a ship on Southwark-side took accidental Fire as she lay at Anchor which being cut away the ship as Providence would have it was driven by the flowing Tide upon a Shelf neer the Bridge where she stuck and blew up her powder There were 8 persons killed one a Draper upon his Leads on the Bridge by a Plank of the said ship and had the blow been any nigher it would have broke that famous Pile Another ship neer the same time fired in Fresh-wharf neer the Bridge likewise and generally there were many and very sad Conflagrations that attended this Boutefeu and his Usurpation and as memorable unruly accidents ended it as by the sequel will appear We will now cursorily run over the Highland-War of Scotland where notwithstanding those many divisions and animosities concerning Command that were between the Commanders in this Scotch Army the Earl of Glencarn stomacking the supream Command to be conferred upon General Middleton which was thought the best expedient to unite all Divisions amongst them the said Royal Party was yet re-inforced to the number of 3 or 4000 men whom both General Monke and Colonel Morgan in distinct Bodies and several ways attended Morgan was about Loughaber and Loâ—ghness in the Western Highlands about Arguile's Country and keeping close at the Heels of them who ever and anon took over the Mountains and gave them the slip for it was by no means advised to venture an Encounter but tire their Enemy out and nothing but invincible patience and resolution could have endured it For beâ—ides the want of Provisions in that scarce barren Country against which the Souldiers were armed onely with Bread and Cheese which they eat 20 days together that Nature could hardly discharge it self the Ways were most times so abrupt that hardly more than one could go abreast and over the Hills if a Horse-Foot slipt men were in danger of breaking their Necks down the Precipices and Horse and Man sure to be lost no Quarter to be had but in the Glens and great happiness was it counted to meet with them and fresh Water neer which to pitch Tents the General chearfully undergoing the same necessities After much Traversing these difficult ways which were notwithstanding easie as usual to the Highlander it was the Fortune of Colonel Morgan to light upon General Middleton neer Badgenoth at one of those narrow Passes now proving incommodious to the Natives themselves for they could neither well fight nor retreat so that they Engaged in no order nor figure and after a short Medly or Tumult rather than Battle were forced to flie the General endeavouring what he could to resist his misfortune was so neer being taken that he lost his Commission and Instructions and one of his rich Coats with a Sumpter-horse This happened on the 19 of Iuly and was the total defeat and suppression of that War For immediately the Earl of Glencarn with 500 men submitted at Dumbarton and though there happened some puny Skirmishes afterwards as the defeating of a party of the Earl of Athol Captain Elsmores taking of Sir Arthur Forbes and routing of Mac Naughton at Glenlyon and Captain Lisle with a party from Colonel Cobbet Governour of Dundee defeated the Earl of Kinoule and took him and the Lord Diddup and Lieutenant-Colonel Mercer Prisoner who was returned now to Edenburgh-Castle and the young Marquess of Montross routed by Blair-Castle yet Submissions and Treaties spent most of the time that the Lord Middleton with the Earl of Seaforth staid in Scotland who now with a small party of the Clans were in Catheness the Lords Forrester and Kenmore the Earl of Athol and Marquess of Montross capitulated desiring onely the Terms and mitigation of Fines the Earl of Glencarn had at his Rendition at Dumbarton-Castle Lorn now flew again into Arms to colour those late Treacheries and Treasons he now underhand managed for Cromwel and joyned with Mac Naughton who had surprized Colonel Brayn and Captain Nichols Governour of Innerâ—ra-Castle as they thinking themselves secure in the Confines of the Lowlands had dismiss'd their Convoy and made his Terms by that lucky surprize to his advantage Generally the Noble General Monke gave very obliging Conditions and so did Twisleton and Morgan by his order to those that capitulated with them and shewed all the favour that could be expected in point of Fines and Forfeitures which firmly obliged the Nobles and Gentry to him for the future which no doubt he had then principally in his Eye and also invited General Middleton and the Earl of Seaforth to enter into Treaty with him which was managed and in a manner concluded by Major-General Drummond but rescinded by Middleton as was alledged here because of the English insistency upon the former Fines and Security but judged as proceeding from a principle of Honour and Right since this departure of the King's Lieutenant with Conditions obtained from the Enemy might be construed a Cession of that Kingdom to the Usurper as the Lord Ormond with great Punctilio given him a very noble Precedent He departed not till the beginning of the next year and Glengary had the honour
Free Parliament was but a reciprocation for that power which made him a Protector made them a Parliament and therefore was very sorry they should go about to destroy the Settlement which to prevent and cease such Debates though he denied any Negative Voice he was necessitated to appoint a Tâ—st or Recognition of the Government as it was established by every Member before they sate in the House again This bogled at the first three quarters of them especially the Commonwealths-men and those of the late Long Parliament so that of four hundred and odd there appeared but two hundred but were made up at last three hundred for the old ones would not be baulked so and fell afrâ—sh upon the same dispuâ—es and ran out all the Articles resolving to put the whole judgement of the House upon them into one entire Bill and so present it but in truth to spin out time and work upon the Protector 's occasions for Money which was proposed in the House and coldly and slowly considered Just at their sitting down the Protector published several Ordinances which being passed and bore date before were to pass as Authentick as Acts by the Instrument one for paying the Money into the Treaâ—â—â—y that was raised for the propagation of the Gospel in Wales another for making Souldiers free of all Corporations and to exercise any Trades another to turn out all honest men under the notion of scandalous Preachers and Ministers Common-Prayer being their chiefest imputation and a fourth to survey Kings Lands c. and for doubling upon Deans and Chapters which sales those many changes of Power had much retarded and depretiated The more occult cause of the publication of these Ordinances was to let the Parliament understand that Oliver took his Instrument to be in a good Case and sufficiently warranted already Amidst these Jars and discords about it the Serpentine Charms of Cardinal Mazarine had lulled the Protector in an imaginable Dream of the worlds Wealth and rich Empire of America to divert his neer designes upon the neighbourhood of France to which War he was the rather enclined from the near allyance of this Crown to that and having excluded its Interest in Holland to drive it out of that Kingdom But the policy of the Cardinal so outreached that designe that it extended his thoughts to the other World giving him the fruition of Great Alexander's Wish This complot between them which of the Spanish and English side very much conduced to the French was most pertinaciously secreted to the very time of publick Hostility in those American parts though it was guessed at and the noise of Hispaniola was very rife in discourse about this time The Protector began to Arm for the expedition in November and December 2000 men old Royalists and reduced necessitated persons making up the gross of the Army to which some Red-coats for the more terrour and assurance were added being drawn by Lot out of the several Regiments The Command of the Land-service was conferred upon Colonel now General Venables a confident of Cromwels who very unmanly carried his Wife with him and General Pen for Sea who at the end of December was ready at Portsmouth where attended Colonel Hayns Major-General of the Army and departed first with the Rear-Admiral Blag for Barbadoes and was followed soon after by the whole Fleet who had on board Commissioners for managing the Treasure that was expected from the Mountains of Gold which Publicans like Achans in the Camp were one chief cause of the successlessness of this Indian War On the 29 of Ianuary following the whole Fleet arrived after a good and speedy passage at Carlisle-Bay in the Isle of Barbadoes all except the two Charities which were driven by Weather into Ireland putting out to Sea after the Fleet and were much wanted the Horses for the service being aboard them and here for a while we leave them The Parliament after they had chawed upon the Recognition and voted it not to bâ— taken as absolute in every point of the Instrument limited it onely to the Single person and successive Parliaments and continued their debates as high as ever resolving themselves into a Grand Committee to examine every particle of it another to hear and examine the Case of the Lord Craven and Sir Iohn Stawel and to give redress to them for there were abundance of good Patriots in the House and who were resolved to do their Country service The Cases were accordingly heard Mr. Serjeant Maynard of Counsel with the Lord Craven and Latch for the Purchasers who argued it very hard but before a Report could be made which was in favour of his Lordship Cromwel terminated his hopes and it was in vain to look for remedy from him for that would deter all future Purchasers and the Parliaments sitting for he had never heard from them since their coming thither telling them after many good morrows of a designe of the common Enemy to whose hands it was then agreed by some of themselves whom he could discover to deliver the Cause and the good people c. and so they parted Cromwel spake not without book for at that time he held good intelligâ—nce with one Manning one of the Clerks belonging to the Secretary with the King now at Colen where he was most amply and with more than customary honours welcomed from the Spaw and Aken in Germany From Colen the King to convey his Sister into Holland brought her on hâ—r way to Dusseldorp to the Duke of Newburgh where they were no less sumptuously treated thence the King journeyed with the Princess as â—ar as Benningen on the way and returned to Hunt with the said Duke the King 's Cordial and most Noble Friend At his return to Colen the Marquess of Ormond had conducted and brought away the Duke of Gloucester from the Jesuits Colledge at Paris who with the Queen-Mother that sent the Marquess of Praslin and the Lord Abbot Mountague to perswade him him to stay and not to displease his Mother but follow her advice which was to have him trained up in the Romish Religion laboured to that purpose but the young Prince understanding his Brothers pleasure answered according as his blessed Father had enjoyned him That he was to obey his Soveraign before his Mother and so came away with the Marquess to the King General Blake was in the interim set to Sea for the Streights and it was given out to intercept the Duke of Guise who was then going to invade the Kingdom of Naples but he was landed 14 days before he came to that Coast though he might have prevented him if he had had such Commission but the League was certainly struck betwixt the Cardinal and Protector however they vâ—nted such talk to amuse the Spaniard for every day there was news of a Rupture and an Embargo in France and the Cardinals Regiment was in good â—arnest drawn down to the Sea-side by Deip on purpose
to countenance these rumours Blake from Naples came into Leghorn-road and demanded 150000 l. damages for what we sustained in the Fight with Van Galen but what satisfaction he received is uncertain From whence he sailed for Algiers being met at Sea by De Wit the Dutch Vice-Admiral and saluted with extraordinary respect and civilly treated as yet by the Spaniards themselves as also at Lisbon by that King At Naples they would have invited him on shore but the wary Commander excused himself by Command from the Protector not to leave his Charge in which we shall at present leave him On the 18 of November died the unhappy Parent of this Usurper His aged Mother who lived to see her Son through such a Deluge of Blood swim to a perplexed Throne in the best share of whose greatness she was concerned as to the Princely accommodation of her maintenance in Life and burial in Death being laid in Henry the seventh's Chappel in great state On the first of December following died that most Famous and Learned Antiquary Mr. Iohn Selden a person of such worth and Use that no Learned Eye could refrain a tear upon the consideration of Death and its rude indifferencing hand which mingled the Dust of this great Restorer with the putrid Rottenness of her that was the Womb to this Destroyer In Ireland all things continued very quiet Fleetwood being sworn Lord-Deputy Steel made Lord-Chancellour of that Kingdom and Pepys Lord-Chief-Justice and Corbet Goodwyn Thomlinson and Colonel Robert Hammond of the Council by whom the Transplantation was so prosecuted that the first of March was the longest day of respit upon very severe penalties In the mean while this new Deputy and Council till the arrival of Steel diverted themselves in Progress through the Kingdom In Ianuary arrived at London an Embassador the Marquess Hugh Fiesco from the State of Genoa and was splendidly received and dismissed The effects of this Parliament-rupture encouraged two most opposite parties to conspire against the Protector the Fifth-Monarchists and Cavaliers for as to the Commonwealth having once lost their Army they were miserably inconsiderable and the Herd of the Rebellious multitude followed any thing that could continue it in what form soever A Monarchy was sought on by all hands the true Royal party for we must so distinguish it longed for their rightful Soveraign Charles the Second the Fifth-Monarchy expected King Iesus the Courtiers and those engaged by them or with them with Cromwel himself desired King Oliver and every of these manifested much impatience but none oâ— them could attain their Wishes and when Oliver might afterwards he durst not The Protector was no way ignorant of this and therefore he resolved to deal with the weakest first which yet by underminings was more dangerous than the other The Army was corrupted by that Millenary Principle and that was to be purged so that as Harrison and Rich had been laid aside and not long after committed with Carew and Courtney into several remote Castles so now General Monke had order to seize Major-General Overton and the Majors Bramston and Holms and other Officers and Cashire them after Fines and good Security for their Behaviour Overton was sent up to the Tower and his Regiment conferred on Colonel Morgan Colonel Okey's Regiment was likewise taken from him and given to the Lord Howard and so the danger from the Army was quickly supprest Cornet but since Colonel Ioyce was likewise male-content at this change and signified so much to Cromwel's Face whom he upbraided with his own service and his faithlesness but escaped any other Censure than a bidding him be gone Cromwel well knowing him to be one of those mad-men that would say or do any thing they were bid But the Royalists designe was of a more potent combination and had been truly formidable had it not by Treachery and Treason been revealed to the Protector who came by that means to know the rise progress and first appearance of those Arms against him and this was Manning's perfidy which the King too late discovered All the Gentlemen in England of that party were one way or other engaged or at least were made acquainted with it but the snatching of the principal of them up throughout the Kingdom a little before the Execution of it frustrated the most probable effects of that Rising The Lord Mayor c. of the City of London was likewise sent â—or and informed of it and the Militia established Skippon being made their Major-General there several persons under the character of dissolute persons were seized by vertue of a Proclamation to that effect as also all Horse-races were forbidden Counterplots were used and all sorts of Ammunition were sent down to several Gentlemens Houses with Letters unsubscribed and the said Gentlemen upon receipt secured and brought up Prisoners to bear company with the old standers of that party and a Ship-chandler one Frese and a Merchant or two trepan'd this way Sir Ralph Vernon of Derby-shire an old Royalist was Committed and Examined before Oliver concerning a Trunk of Pistols and who sent them Who resolutely answered His Self which so dasht him that he was without one word more dismist but not from his Imprisonment Notwithstanding all these discouragements and warnings to give over the Western Association thought themselves in Honour engaged to rise upon the day which they had agreed upon with one another in the other parts and had notified to the King who was now removed from Colen and absconded himself neer the Sea-coast upon the first success of the Affair to be ready to pass over to his Friends Accordingly on the 11 of March being Monday very early in the Morning a party of 100 under the Command of Sir Ioseph Wagstaff Colonel Penruddock and Grove entred the City of Salisbury at which time the Judges Rolls and Nichols were there in Circuit and seized all their Horses and having declared the cause of this appearance without any further injury or medling with any Money which lay in the Chambers of Serjeant Maynard and other Lawyers departed promising to return and break their Fast with the Judges Provisions which they did and encreased their number to 400 and had they returned once more the whole City had risen with them Thence they marched to Blandford where Colonel Penruddock himself Proclaimed the the King in the Market-place and so marched Westward Captain Butler with two Troops of Cromwel's Horse keeping at a distance in their Rear to give them opportunity of encreasing but by the means aforesaid very few came in which made a great many more slink away from the party when they saw no hopes of that great number promised and expected But the Noble Penruddock resolved yet to try what could be done in Devonshire and Cornwal and as to him it was all one whether he retreated or went forward for he was engaged too far already
entailing his Estate upon his Grand-son as divining what his Son with whom he died in feud would come to General Blake was yet in the Streights demanding satisfaction of the Algier-Pirates for the depredations committed on the English and required the delivery of the Captives of our Nation whose number was very great but neither of these would be hearkned to whereupon Blake sent in a threatning Message to which they returned in scorn and contempt this Answer Here are our Castles of Guletto and Castles of Porta Ferino do what you can do ye think we fear the shew of your Fleet A Council of War being called upon this daring affront it was resolved to Burn those ships in Ferino in defiance of their Stone-line Forts and Castles well furnished with Ordinance and manned with the whole Country adjacent On the 4 of April the attempt was made Blake and the greater ships with their seconds coming within Musquet-shot of the Castle and Line which in two hours time they rendred defenceless dismounting all the Great Guns and clattering the Stones so about their Ears that the Enemy abandoned them having seen their nine Ships and Frigats burning in the mean time which was done by Boats from every ship during this hot service atchieved in this honourable manner Blake set sail again to the same place and renewed his Demand and was Answered in another strain that not Ours but now Those were the Castles and ships of the Grand Seigniour who would be sure to require an account of them In conclusion they came to Treat and did what they were beaten to for else they saw their Thieving Trade would be short Nathaniel Fiennes second Son to the Lord Say and the once-famous Governour of Bristol was made Cromwel's Lord Privy-Seal Recorder Steel a growing Favourite for his Speeches Lord Chief-Baron and Lambert yet above-board Lord-Warden of the Cinque Ports and soon after Serjeant Glyn was made Lord Chief Justice of England Mr. Parker and Vnton Crook the Father made Serjeants For Military Commanders Colonel Reynolds was â—ow Knighted and ordered to carry it with him to grace Henry Cromwel then preparing â—or his journey into Ireland to be inaugurated Lord-Lieutenant in place of Fleetwood where he arrived in the middle of Iuly and Captain Vnton Crook was rewarded for his late service with 200 l. per annum The Scoâ—câ— Council was nominated and dispatched also viz. General Monke Lord Broughill President Colonel Howard now Earl of Carlisle Colonel Adrian Scroop Colonel Cooper Colonel Wetham Mr. Desborough Colonel Lockhart Laird Swinton and Downing Secretary It was omitted that Sir Gilbert Pickering was entituled Lord-Chamberlain to Oliver and that he had a Guard of Halberdiers in Grey-coats Welted with Black-Velvet in the same manner and custom as the Kings of England used them but this Satellitium and Band of Bailiffs was rather out of fear than in regard to the honour of their Attendance Sir William Constable one of the Kings Judges Governour of Gloucester and the last of his Name which rots in his dust died now and was buried in the Military way in Henry the 7th's Chappel lighted into his Tomb with a terrible Fire in the opposite Town of Lambeth A new Plot was now started and most of the Nobility and Gentlemen of England secured Sir Geoffrey Palmer Lord Willoughby of Parham Lord Lovelace Earl of Lindsey Lord Newport and Sir Richard Wingfield Lords Maynard Petre Lucas and Faulkland Sir Frederick Cornwallis c. and this done by Manning whose Villany was not yet discovered though to render an entire account of him his death was before related County-Troops were now also established for security to his Highness such Trooper 8 l. a year pay and more in case of service a Captain 100 l. and Officers proportionably and as these new Forces were raised here so were other old ones disbanded in Scotland and Ireland in which last place the Disbanded were yet to be the same kinde of standing Militia they being setled in the Rebel Forfeited Lands their Tenure being their service and thus that Kingdom was re-peopled An Agent that had come hither from Ragotski Prince of Transilvania now departed the Conspiracy betwixt whom and the King of Sweden and the Swede and Cromwel was just ripe for Execution For the terrible news came that Carolus Gustavus with an Army of 20000 Swedes was landed in Pomerania and fallen into Poland and that the Palatinate of Posen had submitted and the Vice-Chancellor Radzikousky was come in and complied with that King and little doubt was made of his over-running that Kingdom the like Treachery and other divisions among the discontented Nobility opening him a way Cromwel's reach in this War was to divert the Emperour who was arming apace in aid of the King of Spain and defence of the House of Austria against the French as foreseeing also the rupture of the Peace with the Spaniard by Cromwel in the Low-Countries and a Peace once by this ballance effected to espouse the quarrel of our King to the same purpose the Transilvanian was engaged who like a stormy Cloud hung over the Imperial Dominions so that no assistance could be had from this part of the World This highly disappointed the Spaniard and retarded those hopes of our King in order to his Restitution by Arms. He was yet at Colen and caressed by several Princes who Honoured his Privacy among many others the Landtgrave of Hessen gave him an honourable Visit and Prince Rupert returned from the Emperour gave him his due attendance to evidence that the Relation of a King in some such cases may be without a Kingdome or Subjects A Swedish Embassador Named Christian Bond arrived here neer the same time and was in great State received according to the Amplitude of his Highness and Rolt a Bed-chamber-man of this Altess was sent recipocrally to the King of Sweden but was neer quitting the Cost of his Journey by a terrible Storm About the time the news came of his getting ashore in safety Hannum a most notorious Thief suspected of the Robbery of the King at Colen in which parts he was no stranger broke Prison and escaped likewise From the noble Exploit of Porta Ferino Blake sailed to Cadiz and those parts of Spain where he found that the Armada of Spain was at Sea to look after the arrival of their India-Fleet and it fell out that the English and Spaniards met together in those Seas the Spaniards being 32 ships in all but no quarrel happened for neither had Commission to right The same indifferent but more cowardly temper at the same instant in August made the Iamaica-Fleet returning home suffer the longed-for Plate-Fleet to pass untought when discovered in the Gulf of Florida upon their Voyage to Spain so that none of the Fates were wanting to make this the most unglorious undertaking of the English Upon a resolution taken by a Council of War at Iamaica the greatest
take in fresh Water leâ—t Rear-Admiral Stayner with 7 Frigats to ply before that Port who about the middle of September descryed at Sea eight sail as it proved from the West Indies who having met and taken a Portugal Prize and informed by them that the English were gone off the Coast made securely to Cadiz where Captain Stayner and his Squadron but two whereof engaged with him in the Speaker viz. the Bridgewater and Plymouth taken by them at first for Fisher-men by reason of their lying so low in the Water assailed them and after a fierce fight the Spaniard being loth to part with his Treasure overcame them There were two Sunk two escaped two run aground and two taken by the Speaker-Frigat In one of them was the Marquess of Badajox of the Family of Lopez who had been Governour for the King of Spain's Peru who was killed in the Fight with his Wife and a Daughter the Eldest Son and his Brother were saved and brought safe to the Generals with this Prize wherein were two millions of Pieces of eight and as much there was in one of them that was Sunk The Admiral who carried the Flag for concealing of the chiefest ship with the Portugal prize recovered the Shore Soon after General Montague with the young Marquess and part of the Fleet to convoy the Silver returned into England and delivered the Bullion into the Mint and the young Marquess was set at liberty For this a Thanksgiving with a Narrative to be read thereon was appointed by the Parliament who emitted their Declaration of War against Spain About the same time Five Frigats returned also from Iamaica According to the 34th Article of the Instrument which this Juncto roundly danced to Cromwel having Named Fiennes and Lisle to be Lord-Commissioners of the Great Seal and Serjeant Glyn to be Lord Chief-Justice of England he now proposed them to the House for their approbation which they did with Glee and confirmed them in their places and to reciprocate his officious comportment they of their part opened the intercourse betwixt him and the Parliament by presenting him several Bills to Signe and Ratifie as Acts the chief whereof were the Annulling the Title of the King for security of his Person taking away Wards and Liveries and that the Passing those Acts should not determine the Session these were firmed in the Painted-Chamber in ample manner and form by this new-fangled-Legislator Nov. 27. At the latter end of October died Iohn the 4th King of Portugal who had so sucessfully wrested the Kingdom of Portugal from the unjust possession of the Spanish Monarchy after almost 100 years Usurpation of it in the remarkable year of 1640. He died of the Stone in his Kidneys in the fifty and odd year of his Age leaving behinde him by his Queen the Sister of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in Spain his Son Alphonso the sixth King of Portugal and Donna Catharina the Illustrious Infanta of the same since Married to our Gracious Soveraign King Charles the second The Sect of Quakers was grown to such a heigth of Impudence by the presumptions and deceitful Revelations of the Light within that there was scarce any Blasphemy which they would not say and act and yet very many were bewitched with it The Divinity of Christ had been oppugned by Biddle the Socinian and now it was Personated with reverence be it spoken by one Iames Naylor a Quaker who resembling in his Proportions and Complexion the picture of Christ had in all other things as the setting of the Beard and Loâ—ks in the same fashion â—arâ—d to counterfeit our Blessed Lord. To this purpose he had Disciples and Women ministring to him whose Blasphemous Expressions and aâ—â—â—ications of several Scriptures relating properly to the loveliness and Transceâ—â—â—â—nt Excellency of Christ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to this Impostor will if repeated move Horrour and Trembling in every Christian. His first appearance in this manner was at Bristol where a man leading his Horse Bare-headed and one Dorcas Erbury and Martha Symmonds going up to the Knees in Mire by his Horse-side sung aloud Holy Holy Holy Hosanna c. For this they were seized by the Magistrates and being complained of to the Parliament were brought up to Town into which as in all places they entred singing the same Blasphemies At the Bar of the House a Committee having reported their opinion concerning his punishment he was Sentenced in December to be set in the Pillory twice and Whipt twice and his Forehead to be Stigmatized with the letter B. for Blasphemer and Bored through the Tongue with which he used to answer to any Question Thou hast said it and the like He was likewise Whipt at Bristol and thence returned to Bridewel to be kept close and to eat no more than what he earned In Newgate after his punishment the Impostor continued one Mr. Rich a Merchant of credit that held him by the Hand while he was in the Pillories with divers others licked his Wounds the Women were observed some to lay their Head in his Lap lying against his Feet others to lean it upon his Shouldiers and questionless the Quakers would have persisted in this delusion and set up and made something of this Idol if he had not been kept from them for as soon as ever any came into his Company they would first take him by the Hand and in a strange note say Holy c. But being thus removed after three days wilful abstinence having weakned himself even unto Death he begged some Victuals and then was set to work which he performed and came by degrees to himself and to reduction At the return of the Rump he got his liberty but survived it not his additional pretended Divinity having attenuated and wasted his Humanity and that Body sublimed and prepared for Miracles went the way of all Flesh. It is to be noted that Lambert stickled much to have saved him from Sentence and punishment he being his Souldier but the truth was Lambert perceived what Cromwel was driving at to engross the Soveraignty to himself and Family and it was high time therefore to ingratiate with all parties the better to be able to oppose him and henceforth sprung and appeared the feud betwixt these two Army-Potentates The King kept his Court at Bruges some eight Leagues from the Court at Brussels where Don Iohn was now Governour for the King of Spain and had had several consultations together about the carrying on of the War and many fair overtures made The Duke of York was newly arrived as also the Princess of Aurange so that all the Royal Family except the youngest Daughter and Mother were present together He had newly listed some Regiments of his three Nations into his service and pay which were now quartered about Flanders Several Prisoners of both sorts were now released as Sir Henry Vane Mr. Feak Mr. Rogers Judge Ienkins Esquire as
were present in the business and the King our Soveraign and the Duke of Gloucester had conveyed themselves to Dunkirk to see the management of this attempt On the 22 of October at night some 4000 English Scotch and Irish and some Spaniards about ten a clock at night began the Storm with Hand-Granadoes and all sorts of Assaulting Engines and were got into the Trenches and mounted their Scaling-ladders but the English within being in a readiness and Reynolds Morgan and Lillingstone being at that same time there the Assailants were with great slaughter repelled and beaten down the Great Guns from the English Fleet riding at the Splinter firing their Broad-sides being directed by four great Links set up in the Corners of the Fort how to miss it nevertheless about four a clock the Duke commanded the Assault to be renewed again which was done with greater fury but to as little advantage which event with the approaching day-light caused a retreat the Dead being most of them carried off in Waggons There were some hundreds guessed to be slain but the number is uncertain This was a rude accost and greeting of Country-men which used to be the most obliging in Forrain Countries but Rebellion is a Witch as they are compared with a pejoration of the former in Scripture that had transformed the Military part of the Nation Often have we fought on both sides but were never opposed in any Battle one against another much less to fight an home-bred quarrel of our own in Out-landish ground The Noble Duke therefore thinking the Hearts of the Leaders of this Garrison if they had any true English Worth or Honour suitable to their Commands might be touched with the unnaturalness of the Fact and a sense of their Allegiance and respect to their Rightful Soveraign and himself the next Prince of the Blood against whom they indirectly and collaterally militated as being now out of the Reach Influence and Awe of the Usurper sought therefore by fair means to win this Party which would highly and sufficiently conduce to his Majesties Service to their obedience In order to this by the means of a Scotch Knight whose Name slips our present use well acquainted with Colonel Reynolds he was prevailed upon to give the Duke a meeting in the mid-way betwixt Dunkirk and Mardike which are distant about two miles with a party of Horse on either side Reynolds at the approach of the Duke did the reverence which was redevable to his Highness and shewed himself in all respects as became him towards such an Illustrious Personage and with the same handsome demeanour departed to the Fort. What conference they had was never perfectly related for it was private but the very news of the meeting in that amicable respectful manner being conveyed with speed to Cromwel caused in him such jealousies and distrusts that inflamed with anger at this his great Confident and Favourite he presently dispatcht away a Messenger to Command him for London which he and Colonel White with one Mr. Devaux the Secretary to Reynolds readily obeying and taking the first ship was ready and that would venture to go off which was a Dutch Pink of 10 Guns in a stormy night the 12 of December a Frigat offering to wait on him next Morning he was cast away the same night on the back of the Goodwyn-sands his Chest Sword and Belt being found thereabouts and thereby saved the ungrateful excuse of his duty and prevented the prejudiced revenge of his Master Oliver Morgan Commanded in his place till the arrival of Marshal D' Aumont who brought with him Monsieur Mancini the Cardinal's Nephew desirous out of curiosity to see this vicissitudinary Fortress who had the supreme Command but devolved the exercise and trust thereof to the same hand as before Here Marshal D' Aumont was furnished with some ships of ours for a designe upon Ostend which he had thought he had surely purchased but of this hereafter As to other Forrain News there was great discourse about the right to the Vicariat or Vicarship of the Empire which now happened by the Death of the Emperour Ferdinand the 4 of Austria his Son the King of the Romans being dead some while before It did indisputably belong to the Prince Elector Palatine but upon the quarrel for the Crown of Bohemia he was proscribed and degraded and the Duke of Bavaria a descendant of the younger House did now assert and maintain that right as lately confirmed on him by the Emperour against the Palatine and so it remained sub judice The Protector the War growing hot betwixt the two Northern Kings the Dane having attaqued Bremerwarden a very strong place and soon after Mastered it dispatcht away two Envoys Extraordinary viz. Sir Philip Medows Knighted by himself afterwards by that King with the Order of the Elephant to the King of Denmark and since by our Soveraign being the same Gentleman that was employed before to the King of Portugal and Colonel Iephson to the King of Sweden then journeying Post out of Poland to encounter this new Enemy They were both well received the first at Copenhagen the other by the way of Lubeck at Wismar whither the Swede was arrived to whom during this offered Mediation betwixt both Cromwel sent supplies of 2000 Men and Arms from London Yarmouth and Hull in several ships so radicated was his Hate against the most offenceless and distant Allies and Relations of the Crown as the Dane was which he took all occasions how villanous and base soever to render of feared and damnifying consequence and dangerous prejudices to all the neighbouring States and Princes A Declaration of another Massacre of the Protestants in Poland upon the return of that King into those hinder parts of the Kingdom which had submitted to the Swede and were now by him deserted but the designe of the other of Piedmont was yet recent and rank and so it took not At home Cromwel was now Swearing his Privy-Council over according to one of the Articles of the Humble Petition and Advice and the Earl of Mulgrave was made one of them and because the Parliament had declared the next succession into his Dignity should be at the appointment of himself by Act or publick Declaration he thought it time to produce his Son Richard and to train him in the Government He was therefore made another Lord of the Council and the Chancellorship of Oxford which the Protector had resigned was bestowed on him and a solemn Instalment of him by Dr. Owen the Vice-Chancellor was acted with all the Formalities at White-hall The course of his life before this calling to the State spent it self in the pleasures and divertisements of the Country where he appeared in a medium of privacy and greatness tempering one another to the estimate of a civil and noble disposition manifested in several kindnesses obtained at his Fathers hands for the Loyal Gentry to whose Converse and Familiarity he was
Col. Read's and Col. Fairfax's Regiments were at his service On the Twenty first he marched to Lithgow with some Horse and Foot intending for Ayre but understanding that his own Lieutenant-Col Holms was got there before him who was an Anabaptist being loth to receive any opposition in the beginning of his Enterprise he returned and under his own Hand and Seal constituted and commissioned several Officers in the room of those he had secured and forthwith sent away for Fairfax's Read's and Cobbet's Regiments to March and joyn with him leaving Captain Winter with Two hundred men to keep the Citadel of Saint Iohnstons which like number and no more he left in the other Three upon his departure for England and Rendezvouz'd his other Forces the last of October and dispatcht away Letters to the Speaker Fleetwood Lambert as also to Hull where Overton was now Governour by the Pearl-Frigot and lastly a Letter to the gathered Churches for he was to fight with these Hypocrites at their own Weapons Colonel Pearson one of General Monkes Officers in Scotland was by order hence sent down as to his Charge there but secretly to corrupt and incline the Army to Lambert but arriving at Newcastle and understanding by several transfuges from Scotland of the Anabaptist Perswasion what course G. Monke had taken he staid there his Field-Officers being in custody already except Lieutenant-Col Keyn newly released during his stay here Letters were by his means intercepted as they were carrying to Exeter and Devonshire sowed up in a mans Doublet without any direction but Signed with his own Hand and Written by Master after Sir William Clark wherein he gave his Friends notice to stand upon their Guard and that as soon as the Army was drawn from London the City would declare with him as he expected likewise they would c. Pearson at the sending up of these Letters a Treaty being then mentioned betwixt both parties and to which end the discarded Officers as Whally and Goffe Mr. Caryl and Mr. Barker Independent Ministers went in the way of Brotherly-love to move and perswade him gave this Comment of them as one well acquainted with his General That what ever he pretended he scorned all their messages and overtures meerly winning time by them and that nothing but force could reduce him Col. after Major General Morgan upon the same pretences with Col. Whally c. went out of Yorkshire to Scotland and joyned with the General as he had received an invitation from him by a private Messenger and did mainly assist in this ground-work to the conclusion and perfection thereof In the mean while it was resolved by the Officers here for fear of the worst and to be ready against all accidents if no good could be done by this fair way of Message to send down Lambert with most of the Army Northwards and there in that posture to expect the issue and he very willingly it being his own advice undertook it having refused and declined those tenders and offers which particularly my Lord Hatton made to him in the name of the King If he would now at last mind his own good and the Kingdoms in returning to his Allegiance and convert his designs for himself to the service of his Soveraign in his Restitution the said Lord further assuring him that if he did it not it would be presently done without him beyond his power of remedying it and that therefore he should not let slip such an opportunity of raising himself and his posterity But he replying upon the Army-Interest which if it could have been cemented with money would have caused a hazardous opposition to any other and the Anabaptist-party now very numerous and at this time uppermost for that had its turn too as well as Presbytery and Independency but swayed not so long all the other Sects centring here for now was the time of the fulness and visible power of Sion as it was counted by these People resolved to proceed on this Expedition and if fortune favoured him there he feared no other Enemy to his ambition On the Third of November a very ominous day as it was observed by reason the Long-Parliament sate down that day in One thousand six hundred and forty he departed from London by Ware-road and hastned to New-castle just as Col. Barrow was returned from Ireland with the supposed acquiescence of that Kingdome in this change Tomlinson Iohn Iones and Corbet who were then the Governours and Commissioners declaring as much but Sir Charles Coot Sir Hardress Waller upon different grounds and his party combined against it There was a project to get the City to write to General Monke for a good Understanding where Master now Sir William Wild very opportunely for the Times he being a most knowing and upright Gentleman was chosen Recorder in place of young Master Green deceased General Monke removed the Officers he had secured in Timptallon-Castle to the Basse-Island out of all way of Communication and sent Major Knight of his own Regiment of Horse with five Troops as far as Morpeth in Northumberland and upon notice of the readiness of Lambert drew out more Southwards for a Bravado to let them see how resolved and prepared their General was and departed In the same instant Col. Talbot and Mr. Thomas Clargis his Excellencies Brother-in-law were sent with another Complement from hence to ingratiate with the General and now he is pleased though he had refused Goff and Whally Regicides and Caryl their Priest whose person he yet outwardly liked to accept of a Treaty and Col. Wilks Lieutenant-Col Clobery and Major Knight were appointed his Commissiomers to go for London to Treat with Three more and in the mean while his Forces should not stir further Southwards These upon their journey Lambert met with and hoping their Errand would end in an acquiescence as they promised did acquisce himself and await the Issue which upon the arrival of them at London came to a speedy result though Three Kingdoms were the subject of this Treaty betwixt Six unlearned men and like a happy Revelation was cryed about the Streets the next morning the Heads were these Novemb. 16. They were proposed the Seventeenth concluded viz. The Family of the King utterly to be excluded a Free-State Setled the Ministry and Vniversities encouraged the Generals Officers imprisoned to be released and a general Indemnity of the Parliament-party and the Armies to retire presently into Quarters and Three Army-Officers of each Kingdome and a general Council of them with ten Sea-Offâ—cers and I know not what Embryo to meet on the Sixth of December at Whitehall and to conclude as Vane had codled it about which time Captain Robinsons's and Captain Deans's Troops deserted him Robinson bringing his Troop away with him his Brother being then Clerk of the Committee of Safety and allied by Marriage of a Daughter to Sir Nicholas Crispe But the General was intent upon another more
of the Usurpation had mocked at this Revolution as a most ridiculous and impossible thing withal it ocurred how insolently they had upbraided and how impiously charactered all former endeavours that way which the Wisdom of God whose own time is best was pleased to disappoint although he thereby made the folly of those wretches the more desperately hardened and the more calamitous and to appear at last himself beyond their contradiction and the bold Sophistry of those Gainsayers The same divine Wisdom had taught the afflicted to humble themselves and to rely more immediately upon his Justice than that of their Cause and to wait his retribution whose Nature and Essence it is to vindicate Right and deliver the injured and oppressed and therefore now was the acceptable time by this prepared reception of the Mercie wherein the sole Glory of the Miracle was visibly ascribable to himself as to himself it mainly and chiefly belonged to rescue his own Honour Veracity from the impudent Blasphemies of wicked men The Triumphs of Atheists had almost prevailed unto Victory and braved Heaven with their success as if it were unconcerned below and those Affairs were only at their disposal which through so many shifts and variations had still reverted into the first hand and seemed in meer fondness and play to have but hided from them but they were now to be convinced that the Power they had seized and wrested could never be aliened from the Crown of England to whose Restitution so many Enforcements both Divine and Humane were obliged to concur in this most happy and present Juncture of the Almighty's own appointment Indeed the former Disappointments Defeats and Disasters which by irresistible Force and undiscoverable Treachery had hitherto all along exercised the Heroical patience of our Soveraign had most severely afflicted the Loyalty of many of his Subjects in their Lives and Estates and seemed to threaten the Constancie of the rest with the like Fate the power circulating like an ill winde into the same corner whence our Tempest first arose which by vulgar conjecture portended its boysterous duration there had so far indisposed the minds of men to desire or hope for any thing but a lingring death of the English Honour Freedom and Laws that it was a preceding Miracle to their Restauration that there was vertue enough left among our selves to resume and re-engage in that calamitous and destructive Enterprise or that any should be of that unshaken and noble confidence as to put himself upon those Rocks by which so many had already perished But as in the Jewish servitude and slavery to the Philistins and at the expiration of their Babylonish Captivity God raised up men to be his great and glorious Instruments in bringing about those his gracious purposes so did he inspire and animate some eminent persons of this Nation now his displeasure was almost ceased with Courage and Conduct suitable to the Atchievement of our Redemption Indeed it may be said that he caused the whole Chain and Series of his Providence to conspire and combine against this arrogant and most Rebellious Usurpation who forgetting that they were the Scourge in Gods hands to chastise us would have his Omnipotence the Sword in theirs to consume us as they had all along intituled him to their actions and successes To this purpose did he so often remove and change their Modules of Government and some of those Leaders and Rulers themselves never suffering them to come to any consistency but in the fairest hopes of it like the Apples of Sodom caused it to moulder and perish By this means at last exasperating and clashing them one against the other while with impatience and mutual hate they pursued their Prey the Estates of King and Kingdom which the one having seized the other never left snarling and baying at his fellow while the Owner came in and recovered his right from them both Nor were their Divisions much more favourable to this happy Juncture than was the Reconciliation and firm Accord made between the two Crowns of France and Spain at the same time propâ—tious and promising The Kings Affairs as was touched before being taken into the concern of the General Peace and this the quarrelling Grandees here very well knew but their fewds were so far advanced and the blows of their Ruine fell so thick one upon the neck of another that they durst not take off their eye to bestow a glance to the foreseeing the consequences of that auspicious Intrigue However it pleased the Divine Wisdom to free us at once from the kindness and danger of Forreign assistance and to put this his great Work into the hands of true English men who alone did operate in this wonderful change that it might not be imputed to us the most famous Islanders in the World that we stood in need of any thing from abroad and ordered it so by the management of such an English man the great Captain the for-ever-renowned Monck that the beginners of our Troubles might see and be confounded that as they raised Arms against their Soveraign by the Popularity and Fame of their first General so their last but far more dear beloved than be in the heighth of the peoples Lovesick madness should turn them against their own selves and effect that judgment and vengeance which had been acted and thought accomplished by Cromwel and was in the like intentions of Lambert A Fate they always feared from so many Experiences yet was it not in their power to avoid for so was their final overthrow most justly decreed The Noble Duke of Ormond who was likewise another principally concerned in this blessed Affair cannot be denied to be an English man however originally descended of a most honourable Irish Family both of them Heroes extracted from the Loins of Princes of the latter this shall suffice the other like a Tutelary Angel occurs in every word and line I write Prosenteni reddit Linea cuncta Ducem Nor was the superior Orb or Primum mobile of this great Affair at rest the King contributed as much as any person to his Return to his people by his extraordinary diligence and wisdom which improved all advantages and opportunities to the accomplishing of it He courted the very worst of his Enemies in the worst of their condition to be good and be tender of themselves and to prevent his justice by his Clemency and super-added Munificence even when he was as good as sure to effect his Restitution by insuperable means and unconquerable hands To the best and Loyalist of his Subjects he spared no promises nor encouragements and though the great unalterable constancy of his life and word was as firm and valid Caution as could be of any thing under the Sun yet did He strengthen them with most obliging and kindest assurances Nor did he omit any just ways or means from abroad letting his Subjects see that he had a hand ready to strike
which this Kingdom hath been involved since the violent attempts to dissolve the Established Government the best way to make up those breaches is by all means to obtain the Restoration of the King to his people and that in order thereunto a Letter from both Houses drawn up by a Committee shall be sent to the King giving him thanks for his gracious Offers and professing their duty and loyalty to him and that Sir Iohn Greenvil have the thanks of the House and 500 l. bestowed on him by the Commons to buy him a Jewel as a Testimony of the respects of the House to him and a badge of Honour which they thought fit to place upon him all which was with great solemnity punctuality performed Moreover to testifie their hearty obedience to his Majesty they ordered the sum of 50000 l. as a Present for him which was instantly borrowed with 50000 l. more of the City of London who having desired leave of the Parliament returned a like dutiful Answer with a Present also to his Majesty and his two Brothers having honourably received the Lord Viscount Mordant and the said Sir Iohn Greenvil who brought them his Majesty's Letters who also acknowledged their Quality and good Offices by 300 l. given them to buy them Rings Nor were the Souldiery wanting to this concourse and stream of general Affection and Loyalty to his Majesty for upon communication of his Majesty's Letters and Declaration they quickly drew up an Address to the General wherein they shewed their willing and ready submission as formerly in all Transactions to him their General so in this their perfect Duty to the King To whom they doubted not to evince that his Excellencie and the Army under his Command and those engaged in the Parliaments Cause had complied with the Obligations for which they were raised The Preservation of the Protestant Religion the Honour and Happiness of the King the Priviledges of Parliament the Liberty and Proprieties of the Subject and the Fundamental Laws of the Land This was seconded by the Navy under the General Montague now Earl of Sandwich to whom and the Fleet under him the King had sent the like Letters and Declaration the Sea ringing with the peals of Ordnance upon the communication of the said Papers and lastly the Governour Colonel Harlow and Garrison of Dunkirk did the same by an Address to his Excellencie A Committee was appointed to consider the manner of his Majesties Return and to prepare all things necessary for his Reception they likewise ordered his Majesty's Arms to be set up in all Churches and the Commonwealths to be taken down and that all Proceedings be in the Kings Majesties name and that the present Great Seal be made use of till further order that there might be no hindrance or stop in the proceeding of Justice Easter-Term was likewise prorogued that no business might interfere with this grand and expected Affair of the Settlement of the Kingdom All Officers as Sheriffs Justices that were in commission the 25 of April to continue and exercise the respective Offices in the King's Name It was Resolved further That the King's Majesty be desired to make a speedy return to his Parliament and to the exercise of his Kingly-Office and that in order thereunto several Commissioners from both Houses be sent to the King at Breda with their Letters to his Majesty Doctor Clargys now Sir Thomas the General 's Brother having been before sent with his to the King and to acquaint him with the said Desires and Votes of the Houses To these Commissioners others were added from the City of London the Names of them all are as followeth For the House of Lords Earl of Oxford Earl of Warwick staid at London sick of the Gout Earl of Middlesex Lord Viscount Hereford Lord Berckley Lord Brook For the House of Commons The Lord Fairfax Lord Bruce Lord Falkland Lord Castleton Lord Herbert Lord Mandevil Sir Horatio now Lord Townsend Sir Anthony now Lord Ashly Cooper Sir George Booth now Lord De la mere Denzill now Lord Hollis Sir Henry Holland Sir Iohn Cholmley For the City of London Sir Iames Bunce Baronet Alderman Langham Alderman Reynardson Alderman Sir Richard Browne Sir Nicholas Crisp Alderman Tompson Alderman Frederick Alderman Adams Sir William Wilde Recorder Sir Iohn Robinson Alderman Sir Anthony Bateman Sir William Wale Sir Theophilus Biddulph Sir Richard Ford Sir William Vincent Sir Thomas Bludworth Sir William Bateman Sir Iohn Lewis Master Chamberlain and Sir Laurence Bromfield all of them not Knighted before Knighted by the King at the Hague upon their arrival the King being removed thither from Breda as nearer and more convenient for his shipping the disposal whereof and of the whole Fleet was remitted to his Majesty's pleasure the General Montague having received Orders to obey his Majesty's Commands and Directions therein The Instructions being delivered to the Commissioners they set Sail in several Frigots appointed to attend them and with some foul Weather Landed in Holland where they were graciously and favourably received by his Majesty at the Hague I may not omit that the reception of Sir Thomas Clergys from the General was as an Embassador from a Prince the Lord Gerard with many Coaches being sent to conduct him to Audience where Mr. Hollis into whose hands the Letters were intrusted for the delivery spoke for the House of Commons the Earl of Oxford for the Lords and Sir William Wilde for the City Those that were there at their Audience agreed in Opinion that never person spoke with more affection or in better terms than Master Hollis He insisted chiefly upon the Miseries the Kingdoms had groaned under by the tyranny of the pretended Parliament and Cromwel which should now be exchanged into their repose quiet and lawful liberty beseeching his Majesty in the name of his people to return and resume the Scepter c. and assured him he should be infinitely welcome without any terms a thing so much stomacked by the Phanaticks but most just and honourable After several Treatments given the King by the Dutch which he shortned as much as he could and other Complements by Forraign Ministers to whom he gave publick Audience the Portugal only excepted and Spaniard having notice of the Fleets arrival which consisted of near Forty Sail of great Men of War he prepared to depart At this time came also to his hands the Proclamation made in London as a little before returned Sir Iohn Greenvil with the happy news of his peoples love and entire affection The Proclamation followeth being very fit to be recorded that which we mentioned in the second Part being but an earnest of this ALthough it can no way be doubted but that his Maiesties Right and Title to these Crowns and Kingdoms is and was every way compleat by the Death of his most Royal Father of Glorious Memory without the Ceremony or Solemnity of a Proclamation Yet since
Proclamations in such cases have been always used to the end that all good Subjects might upon this occasion testifie their Duty and Respect And since the Armed Uiolence and other the Calamities of many years last past have hitherto deprived us of any opportunity wherein we might express our Loyalty and Allegiance to his Majesty We therefore the Lords and Commons now assembled in Parliament together with the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Common-Council of the City of London and other Free-men of this Kingdom now present do according to our Duty and Allegiance heartily joyfully and unanimously Acknowledge and Proclaim That immediately upon the decease of our late Soveraign King CHARLES the First the Imperial Crown of the Realm of England and of all the Kingdoms Dominions and Rights belonging to the same did by Inherent Birthright and lawful undoubted Succession descend and come to his Most Excellent Majesty King CHARLES the Second as being lineally justly and lawfully next Heir of the Blood Royal of this Realm and that by the goodness and providence of Almighty God He is of England Scotland and Ireland the most Potent Mighty and Undoubted King And thereunto We most humbly and faithfully do submit and oblige our Selves our Heirs and Posterities for ever This was Solemnized with the greatest Magnificence and joy possible the Lords and Commons and Lord Mayor attending it the shouts and acclamations at the reading of it in Cheap-side were so loud and great that Bow-bells or any other Bells in the Town though all then Ringing could not be heard All was concluded with unspeakable mirth and numerous Bonefires at night which yielded not their flames but to the rising Sun I shall not intrude other matters at home into this grand Affair but reserve them until â—hereafter and proceed The Dutch also as knowing it would please the King enlarged their Civilities and respects to the Commissioners of the Parliament and City who received them from their Deputies with much satisfaction likewise several Provisions were sent aboard the Fleet and the General He also complemented with the Kings Restitution For a Conclusion of those great Magnificences with which they had entertained his Majesty a Fortnight they resolved to give him a Farewel-Treatment with all the sumptuousness expressible which they performed and in the end presented him with the richest Bed and Furniture with Tapestry for Hangings imbossed with Gold and Silver and adorned with Pictures as could be had the Bed was made at Paris for the Princess of Orange but her Husband dying Eight days before she was delivered it was never used A little before this time Sir Samuel Moreland Thurloe's Agent for Oliver at the Court of Savoy came to the King where he was kindly received having done the King several good Offices and discovered the intrigues of Oliver and the Rump and was Knighted he revealed also several eminent Royalists as Sir Richard Willis Colonel Bamfield and others who betrayed the King's Affairs and Friends to Oliver Hither also about the same time came Sir George Downing who was also graciously received who had done the like good services for his Majesty and was likewise Knighted and continued his Majesties Resident with the States On Sunday the 20 th of May the King heard Doctor Hardy after Dean of Rochester Preach before him the place intended was the French-Church after their Sermon but they knowing of it being greedy to see the King would not come out of their Seats so that it was done in the Princesses Lodgings Here the King touched many of the Evil. In the mean while the Duke of York took the Oath of Allegiance of the Fleet having gone aboard the Naseby where the General treated him which Ship at his departure when the shore resounded with the Artillery he called the Charles as afterwards the whole Fleet was new Christened in their way homewards The King having thanked the States General and of Holland in their Publick Assemblies whither he went on foot took his leave of them recommending to them the interest of his Sister and Nephew the Prince of Orange and was re-saluted by them upon the same as also by the several Ministers of the several Princes one whereof the Count of Oldenham sent an Embassador with Credentials to the King just before his departure being the sole Minister so qualified while his Majesty staid at the Hague On Wednesday the 22 of May Stilo veteri the King departed and it may be said there was no night between Tuesday and that particularly for those who found no place to put their heads in the houses not being able to lodge the croud of people that ran there from all the neighbouring Towns the most part whereof were constrained to walk the streets though the wiser sort took up their Quarters for their advantage of seeing the King's departure on Downs and Sand-hills which bordered all along the Sea-coast where they might see the Fleet and the King Embarquing so that it is a question whether the Hollander more wondered or we more joyed The Speech spoken by the States of Holland at his Farewel for the notableness thereof is here inserted IF one may judge of the content which we have to see your Majesty depart from our Province by the satisfaction we had to possess you we shall have no great trouble to make it known to you Your Majesty might have observed in the Countenance of all our people the joy they had in their hearts to see a Prince cherished of God a Prince wholly miraculous and a Prince that is probably to make a part of their Quietness and Felicity Your Majesty shall see presently all the streets filled all the ways covered and all the hills loaden with people which will follow you even to the place of your Embarquement and would not leave you if they had wherewith to pass them to your Kingdom Our joy is common unto us with that of our Subjects but as we know better than they the inestimable value of the Treasure we possess so are we more sensible of this sad separation It would be insupportable to us Sir if we re-entred not into our selves considered not that it is the thing of the world we most desired and the greatest advantage also that we could wish to your Majesty We acquiesce therein because we know that this removal is no less necessary for us than glorious to your Majesty and that 't is in your Kingdom that we must finde the accomplishment of the prayers we have made and make still for you and us so shall we not fail to profit thence as well as from the assurances which it hath pleased you to give us of an immutable affection towards this Republick We render most humble thanks unto your Majesty for them and particularly for the illustrious proof which it hath pleased you to give us thereof by the glorious Visit wherewith you honoured our Assembly We shall conserve the memory of it
Loyalty the Bonfires continuing till day-break fed by a constant supply of Wood and maintained with an equal excess of gladness and fewel Thus far this memorable and miraculous Affair hath carried me not willing to break off the gladsome speculation and review of his glory and happy Influences I must now a little retrospect to what passed at home in the Parliament and Kingdome Several Acts were in agitation one for removing and preventing all questions and disputes concerning the Sitting and Assembling of this present Parliament as also that of Oblivion and Indempnity and another for Sales and Purchases and in the mean while it was ordered by the Lords That a stop be put to the demolishing defacing or committing wast in any Houses or Lands belonging to his Majesty and that no Wood nor Timber should be felled and the like done in the Lands belonging to the Duke of Buckingham the Lord Craven and Sir Iohn Stawel The Commons ordered Ten thousand pounds to be sent as a present to the Duke of York also that the Scotch Colours taken at Preston Dunbar and Worcester and hung up in Westminster-hall should be taken down which was accordingly executed and the Kings Arms placed in the Courts of Judicature Col. Harrison one of the Kings most malicious Judges was apprehended in Staffordshire and brought up to London and by his Excellencies Order Committed to the Tower while Whitehall was then a preparing for his Majesty The House of Commons taking into consideration the business of the Piedmont-Collection-money declared their detestation and abhorrence of the diversion of the said Money from the charitable uses to which pretendedly it was designed The King was Proclaimed with great joy throughout the Nation while divers of the Kings Judges out of consciousness of their guilt escaped beyond Sea In Ireland also the King was by the Convention there Assembled Proclaimed with the usual Ceremonies Several of the eminentest of that Nation were also ordered to be sent to his Majesty in the name of that Kingdome with a present of Four thousand pound to the Duke of York so sympathetically did the Irish Harp move with the same touches on the English The most Illustrious Princes the Dukes of York and Gloucester went to the House of Lords and there took their places whither the next day came the King himself by Water in the Brigandine which brought him aboard the Charles from Holland the Yeomen of the Guard making a lane the Heralds at Arms in their rich Coats the Maces and the Lord General Bare-headed before him being seated the Commons were called to whom the King in a Speech pressed very much the Act of Oblivion and Signed some Bills viz. One for Confirmation of the Parliament Another for the Tax of Seventy thousand pounds per Mensem for three Moneths from the 24 of Iune A third for continuance of Process and Judicial Proceedings and then returned to Whitehall where he chose the Lords of his Privy Council among whom were several of the Long Parliament His Majesty also graciously and judiciously provided for the Benches and Courts of Judicature for the Chancery the Lord Chancellour Hide for the Rolls the Lord Culpepper who soon after dyed and the place was by the Kings favour bestowed on Sir Harbottle Grimstone for the Kings Bench Sir Robert Foster Justice Mallet and Sir Thomas Twisden in the Common-Pleas Justice Atkins and in the Exchequer Sir Orlando Bridgeman Sir Ieoffry Palmer Attorney and Sir Heneage Finch Sollicitor-General Mr. Iohn Heath son of Sir Robert Atturney to the Dutchy But of this a fuller account Several Persons guilty of the Murther of King Charles the First making their escapes beyond Sea a Proclamation drawn up by the Parliament was published by his Majesty summoning the persons therein named who sate gave Judgment and Assisted in that horrid and detestable Fact to render themselves within Fourteen days after the Publication of that His Majesties Royal Proclamation to the Speaker or Speakers of the Parliament or to the Lord Mayor of London or to the respective Sheriffs of the Counties of England and Wales and that no person should presume to conceal or harbour them under misprision of Treason whereupon divers came in and submitted and were secured in the Tower Several Addresses were made to the King from the Nobility and Gentry of all the Counties congratulating his Majesties Restitution to his Throne and Kingdoms and testifying their exceeding joy and willingness to maintain his Majesties Royal Person and Authority Divers eminent persons for their service and affection to his Majesty were honoured with Knighthood The House of Commons ordered that others besides the Actual Judges of the King should be excepted out of the Act of Oblivion which was now very far proceeded in as namely Andrew Broughton Phelps Iohn Cook Hugh Peters and Edward Denby This so affrighted others who had a hand in that execrable business that Colonel Iohn Hutchinson a Member in this Parliament and Colonel Francis Lassells Petitioned the House confessing their guilt and withal the Artifices that were used to draw them in and by this submission obtained Pardon upon some forfeitures Hugh Peters was taken about this time in Southwarke at first he denyed his Name but being brought before Sir Iohn Robinson then made Lieutenant of the Tower he was known and acknowledged himself and was there secured The Parliament thought not themselves nor the people of England freed from that guilt and punishment which our unhappy times had contracted unless they laid hold on his Majesties Grace mentioned in his Declaration from Breda and therefore Resolved That the House doth declare that they do in the Name of themselves and all the Commons of England lay hold on his Majesties gracious Pardon mentioned in his Declaration with reference to the excepting of such as shall be excepted in an Act of Pardon and accordingly a Declaration was made and presented to the King by Master Denzill Hellis His Majesty was graciously pleased to signifie his readiness and willingness to comply with that his Royal Word and gave direction for a Proclamation to that purpose In the mean while several of the eminentest in Offices under the Usurpation to make sure of this Grace offered from Breda got their particular Pardons exemplified under the Great Seal of England as they were well advised by the notoriety of their Guilt and their distrustful Consciences to secure and discharge which trouble the King was more than ordinary pressing for a speedy Passing of the Act of Oblivion as on the other side his Sentiments of those services to his Restitution gave him the immediate resolutions of dignifying those Illustrious Personages who most instrumentally and principally did accomplish it And therefore on the 12 of Iuly he honoured the most noble General Monck with the Titles of Duke of Albemarle which Dutchy formerly was appropriate to the Blood Royal and was extinct in the Reign of Henry the
Fourth the Demeasnes and Jurisdiction whereof lay in the Dutchy of Normandy in France under the English Soveraginty and Earl of Torrington in his own native County of Devon and Baron of Potheridge his own Patrimony Beauchamp and Teyes by which he hath right of Peerage in the three Kingdoms whose equal Felicity and Honour he advanced and raised before himself and now most deservingly shared with them by his Investiture in these Dignities which were compleated Iuly the 13 by his taking his place in the House of Lords attended by the House of Commons and introduced by the Duke of Buckingham In the same month General Montague was created Earl of Sandwich Viscount Hinchingbrooke his famous Mannor in Huntingtonshire and Baron of St. Neots in the same County and on the 16 of Iuly took likewise his place in the House of Peers where they both shine with that degree of splendor by which the Duke reduced and the Earl dawned at the day of Englands Glory and Liberty The Duke of Ormond was likewise made Earl of Brecknock and took his place among the Peers of England he was also made Lord Steward of his Majesties Houshold as the Earl of Lindsey was made Lord High-Chamberlain the Earl of Manchester Lord Chamberlain of his Majesties Houshold and the Earl of Southampton Lord High-Treasurer of England Sir Frederick Cornwallis was made Treasurer of the Kings Houshold by an old Grant and Sir Iohn Berkley Comptroller and other Royalists were made Officers therein Several presents were made to the King from the several Cities and Boroughs of the Kingdom in Gold and Plate and resignation of Fee-farm-rents purchased from the Usurpers among the rest the City of London with a Complement of their good Stewardship by the mouth of their Recorder Sir William Wilde rendred their like Grant of New Parke in Surrey All the Rents accruing at Michaelmas-day were now secured from the late Purchasers of Kings Queens Bishops Dean and Chapters lands for the use of the right and unquestionable Proprietors to the defeating the miserable and unjust covetousness of such undue and unwarrantable penniworths A splendid Embassy came this Month of August from Denmark to congratulate his Majesties most happy Restitution as a little before the Lord Iermyn newly made Earl of Saint Albans the Title last failing in the renowned Marquess of Clanrickard Vlick de Burgh who had so eminently asserted his Majesties Rights in Ireland and after the reduction thereof came into England and died in London in some distress far unfitting his nobleness of minde as well as former most honourable Estate a while before the Kings Return was sent to France in the quality of Lord Embassador Extraordinary to that Crown Soon after the Prince de Ligne with a right Princely Train and retinue becoming the grandeur of the Affair he was sent to Congratulate from his Majesty of Spain betwixt whom and this Kingdom a Peace after a six years War was lately Proclaimed was with great state received and had solemn Audience by the King and departed and was succeeded by the Baron of Battevile to be Resident and Embassador in Ordinary at this Court. From the French King soon after came another Illustrious and grand Personage upon the same account by name the Count of Soissons who had married the Cardinal's Neece and entred and was entertained here with all sumptuous and extraordinary Magnificence In sum there was no Prince nor State in Europe who sent not or were not a sending their Embassador upon this wonderful occasion The Parliament after many debates and disputes alterations and insertions at last finished the Act of Oblivion which was extraordinary comprehensive and indulgent to the regret of many injured Royalists who found no better perswasive to their acquiescence in it but their unalterable duty to the King whose special Act this was Out of this were only excepted the Regicides and Murderers of their late Soveraign as to Life and Estate besides Colonel Lambert and Sir Henry Vane and Twenty others reserved to such Forfeitures as should by Parliament be declared the principal of these were Sir Arthur Haselrig Oliver Saint Iohn William Lenthal the Speaker Mr. Ny the Independent Minister Burton of Yarmouth and some Sequestrators Officers and Major-Generals of the Army amongst whom was Desborough Pine Butler Ireton c. They passed likewise an Act for a perpetual Anniversary Thanksgiving on the 29 of May the day of his Majesties Birth and Restauration a day indeed memorable and the most auspicious in our English Kalendar and worthy of a Parliaments Canonization Both which his Majesty gave his Royal Assent to as at the Adjournment to another for Disbanding of the Army and paying off the Navy which once looked upon us with the same feared perpetual danger as the Mamalukes or Ianizaries but by this happy conjuncture of his Majesties Fortune with his Wisdom and Goodness yielded after many Modules to its last Dissolution Great sums by Pole-money and other Assessments were imposed and speedily and cheerfully levied and paid to finish this desired work which had before wasted so many Millions of Treasure Mr. Scowen Mr. Pryn Col. King and Sir Charles Doyley were appointed Commissioners to disband them to which the Souldiery very willingly and with thanks to the King submitted the King giving them a Weeks pay as a Donative and Largess The Parliament adjourned till the 6 of November These Felicities of the King we have hitherto insisted on as the course of all worldly things is guided were abated and allayed by the immature and most lamented Death of the right Excellent Prince Henry Duke of Gloucester his Majesties youngest Brother a Prince of very extraordinary hopes Silence will best become our lamentation for his vertues and our loss of them transcend expression He died of the Small-pox Aged Twenty years and two months after much Blood-letting and was Interred with a private Funeral in Henry the Seventh's Chappel at Westminster just before the arrival of his Sister the Princess of Orange who came to joy and felicitate her Brothers in their happy Restitution With the King and Monarchy the Ecclesiastical Regiment by Bishops recovered it self by his Majesties Piety and Prudence that Aphorism being most sadly verified No Bishop No King and therefore on the 20 of September Dr. Iuxon Bishop of London that antient and excellent Prelate was by the King translated from that See to the Arch-bishoprick of Canterbury which was performed with great Solemnity and not long after several new Bishops persons the most eminent and valiant assertors of the Church and Laws of England were Consecrated in the Abby at Westminster and all the Diocesses filled of which together presently in an ensuing Catalogue Divine Vengeance had with a slow foot traced the murtherers of our Martyr'd Soveraign and through several Mazes at last overtook them the iron hand of Justice delivering them to the punishment due to that grand impiety nor was it
lamented and barbarous Death God would not suffer to go unrevenged nor His own sacred Name to be Blasphemed as not only said by them to be the Author but the maintainer of this impiety And it is remarkable that Hugh Peters who by his Function as a Priest had most dishonoured God in Preaching and pressing this Parricide making use of his holy Writ to this same wicked purpose most plainly discovered the footsteps of the Divine Vengeance in his Tragedy The miserable Wretch had not a word to say for himself or to God of whom he said he was abandoned he that was so nimble and quick in all Projects of this nature before was now like a Sot or a Fool playing with the Straw in the Sledge as he went to Execution Of which his sad condition Cook his fellow-sufferer was so sensible as to pray for some respite for him but it was out of the Sheriffs power who attended them in person to their respective Executions It was observed also by Scot who having wished the mention of this Fact to be graven on his Tomb Digitus Dei hath written it on the Gates of London in such bloody Characters and Hieroglyphicks that whoever passes cannot but read it Those being thus Executed the other Prisoners that came in upon Proclamation and were to be respited from Execution till the pleasure of the Parliament should be known were after Sentence remitted to the Tower from whence they came their Estates being seized on to the use of the King The Quarters of the other had not long been set up but a report was raised that a bright Star appeared over those at Aldgate and this in favour of these Saints as they were termed and as if it were a Constellation of their bright innocence but it was observed and known to be the Planet Venus then in her greatest Elongation from the Sun the same distance as their Phanatical stories were from the Truth This parentation being over to his Father His Majesties next respects were due to his Mother whose welcome to his Kingdomes he could not better manifest or oblige to her than by rendring them innocent and free of that horrible guilt which had divorced her from her Husband and estranged her from his People Nor was it just or civil she should be here received without satisfaction and expiation of those Crimes the very tendencies whereto had so rudely driven her to seek her safety abroad The King brought her back to his Palace at White-Hall after Nineteen years discontinuance the second of November with her came the Illustrious Princess Henrietta who had never breathed English Air but some two years after her birth which hapned in Exeter Iune 16. 1644. as also Prince Edward brother to Prince Rupert and to the Prince Elector Palatine an absolute stranger to these Kingdoms The meeting could not but be as joyous after so tedious and injurious an absence as the entertainment highly Magnificent On the Sixth of November the Recess of the Parliament being ended the Lords and Commons met again in Parliament to resume their weighty task of setling the Kingdoms and a Council for Trade now began their sitting according to the Kings Commission Several dangerous and pestilent Speeches and Rumours being daily uttered and vented especially by the Fifth Monarchists at their Meeting-house in Coleman-street and other places and Colonel Overton being the chief man of that perswasion by Order of the Councel he was seized and upon some further information against him committed to the Tower for Treason which soon after appeared in some of his Opinion With him Mr. Lenthal the Speakers Son was Committed upon suspicion of Counterfeiting the Kings Seal Upon the Kings Restitution the Marquess of Arguile had the confidence to come up from Scotland hoping to have inveagled and obtained his Pardon for all those base Treasons he had acted so covertly in that Kingdom since his Majesties departure and that his Majesty according to his gracious inclination would have past by those many undutiful and irreverent usages of him by him and the Kirk while He was there among them but such was the general hatred and detestation of that People and especially of the Nobility against him that the King gave order for his Commitment while he was waiting at Court He desired to speak to the King but could not be admitted he desired to speak with Mr. Calamy in his way to the Tower but that was refused from thence by Sea he was conveyed to Edenburgh where his Process was making ready The Earl of Middleton the Kings great Commissioner following him thither about the end of December Death had tasted of the Blood Royal in the immature decease and lamented Fate of that Noble Henry Duke of Gloucester as aforesaid and as if there were not only a Circulation of it in every individual but it naturally ran in the same Distempers round a whole Family the Infection by a kind of Sympathy in the same Disease of the Small Pox seized the Vitals of the most Illustrious Mary Princess of Aurange and in spight of all Art and Remedy though the Blooding of her was causelesly and ignorantly taxed carried her to the Grave leaving the whole Court in very great and almost disconsolate sadness and her Son the Prince of Aurange ten years old and a Moneth over She deceased on the Twenty fourth of December her death being ushered with a sad accident the oversetting the Assurance-Frigate Riding at Anchor at Wolledge by a sudden gust of Wind by which disaster several Persons of the Ships Company were drowned This happy Parliament which had rebuilt the Glorious Structure of the English Ancient and Renowned Government and had assured the Foundation thereof in the Established Throne of our Soveraign came to its Period But that no Revolution of time should obliterate or blot out the memory of those Excellent worthy things had been done by it for the good of King and Kingdome his Majesty Honoured it by his Royal mouth with the never-to-be-forgotten Epithet of the Healing Parliament which will undoubtedly recommend it to Posterity as long as any grievance or humours or distempers shall remain in Church and State The Princess of Aurange was buried with a private Funeral in the narration of which I shall crave leave for this digression there was indeed as much Honour in that privacy as there was vain and profane solemnity in the gewgaw Exequies of Oliver which wanted of their due Grandeurs till his Execution In opposition therefore to that rabble medley of a Funeral it will not be extravagant to set down here the Compact yet Illustrious manner of this Princess to shew the difference betwixt Princes and Ring-leaders of the Rout. On Saturday December the 26 th but five days after her Decease the chiefest of the Nobility met together in the House of Peers to attend the Royal Corpse of the Princess which was brought about Nine a Clock at
Rochesters consecrated 1637. A. Dr. Henry King Lord-Bishop of Chichester was consecrated 1641. Dr. Humphry Heuchman Lord-Bishop of Salisbury was consecrated October 28. 1660. Dr. George Morley Lord-Bishop of Worcester was consecrated October 28. 1660. since possessed by Dr. Gauden after by Dr. Earles late Dean of Westminster Dr. Robert Sauderson Lord-Bishop of Lincoln was consecrated October 28. 1660. since deceased and Dr. Laney Translated thither Dr. George Griffith Lord-Bishop of St. Asaph was consecrated October 28. 1660. Dr. William Lucy Lord-Bishop of St. Davids was consecrated December 2. 1660. Dr. Benjamin Laney Lord-Bishop of Peterborough was consecrated December 2. 1660. Dr. Hugh Lloyd Lord-Bishop of Landaff was consecrated December 2. 1660. Dr. Richard Sterne Lord-Bishop of Carlisle was consecrated December 2. 1660. Y. Dr. Brian Walton Lord-Bishop of Chester was consecrated December 2. 1660. Y. This See was possess'd by Dr. Fern who dying also Dr. George Hall was Lord-Bishop thereof Dr. Iohn Gauden who dying Dr. Seth Ward is since Lord-Bishop thereof Lord-Bishop of Exeter was consecrated December 2. 1660. Dr. Gilbert Ironside Lord-Bishop of Bristol was consecrated Ianuary 13. 1660. Dr. Edward Reynolds Lord-Bishop of Norwich was consecrated Ianuary 14. 1660. Dr. William Nicholson Lord-Bishop of Gloucester was consecrated Ianuary 13. 1660. Dr. Nicholas Monke Lord-Bishop of Hereford was consecrated Ianuary 13. 1660. who dying Dr. Herbert Crofts was consecrated in his place 1661. Dr. Iohn Hacket Lord-Bishop of Coventry and Litchfield A. Notes the ancient Bishops Y. The Diocesses in the Province of York All the rest are in the Province of Canterbury The Names of the Iudges EDward Earl of Clarendon Lord High-Chancellor of England Sir Robert Foster Knight Chief-Justice of the Kings-Bench Sir Harbottle Grimstone Baronet Master of the Rolls Sir Orlando Bridgeman Knight and Baronet Chief-Justice of the Common-Pleas Matthew Hale Chief-Baron of the Exchequer Sir Thomas Mallet Knight Justices of the Kings-Bench Sir Thomas Twisden Knight Justices of the Kings-Bench Sir Wadham Windham Knight Justices of the Kings-Bench Sir Robert Hide Knight Justices of the Common-Pleas Sir Thomas Terril Knight Justices of the Common-Pleas Sir Samuel Brown Knight Justices of the Common-Pleas Sir Edward Atkins Knight Barons of the Exchequer Sir Christopher Turner Knight Barons of the Exchequer Sir Ieoffrey Palmer Knight Attorney-General Sir Iohn Glynne Knight The Kings Serjeants at Law Sir Iohn Maynard Knight The Kings Serjeants at Law Sir William Wilde Knight The Kings Serjeants at Law The two Principal Secretaries of State persons eminent for their faithful and industrious Loyalty Sir Edward Nicholas of the same place to his late Majesty and Sir William Mâ—rice the onely Confident the Renowned General the Duke of Albemarle used in those blessed Counsels toward the Restitution of the King and Kingdom The Names of the BARONETS made by Letters Patents since his Majesties most happy Restauration Anno 1660. With the times of their several Creations Anno Duodecimo Caroli Regis Secundi SIR Orlando Bridgeman Knight was created Baronet Iune the 7th in the Twelfth Year of the Raign of our most Gracious Soveraign Lord King Charles the Second in the year of our Lord 1660. Sir Ieoffery Palmer Kt. created Baronet Iune the 7. Sir Heneage Finch in Com. Bucks Kt. created Baronet Iune 7. Sir Iohn Langham in Com. Northampton Kt. created Baronet Iune 7. Sir Robert Abdy in Com. Essex Kt. created Baronet Iune 9. Thomas Draper in Com. Berks Esq. created Baronet Iune 9. Humphrey Winch in Com. Bedford Esq. created Baronet Iune 9. Ionathan Rease Esq. created Baronet Iune 9. Henry Wright in Com. Essex Esq. created Baronet Iune 12. Hugh Speke in Com. Wilts Esq. created Baronet Iune 12. Nicholas Gould of the City of London created Baronet Iune 13. Sir Thomas Adams of the City of London Kt. created Baronet Iune 13. Richard Atkins in Com. Surrey Esq. created Baronet Iune 13. Thomas Allen of the City of London Esq. created Baronet Iune 14. Henry North in Com. Suffolk Esq. created Baronet Iune 15. Sir William Wiseman in Com. Essex Kt. created Baronet Iune 15. Thomas Cullum in Com. Suffolk Esq. created Baronet Iune 18. Thomas Davy in Com. Essex Esq. created Baronet Iune 20. George Grubbum How in Com. Wilts Esq. created Baronet Iune 20. Iohn Cutts in Com. Cambridge Esq. created Baronet Iune 20. William Humble of the City of London Esq. created Baronet Iune 20. Solomon Swale in Com. York Esq. created Baronet Iune 21. Gervas Ews in Com. Suffolk Esq. created Baronet Iune 22. Robert Cordel in Com. Suffolk Esq. created Baronet Iune 22. Sir Iohn Robinson of the City of London Kt. created Baronet Iune 22. Iohn Abdy in Com. Essex Esq. created Baronet Iune 22. Henry Stapleton in Com. York Esq. created Baronet Iune 23. Iacob Ashly in Com. Warwick Esq. created Baronet Iune 25. Sir Robert Hilliard in Com. York Esq. created Baronet Iune 25. Sir William Bowyer in Com. Bucks Kt. created Baronet Iune 25. Iohn Shuckbrugh in Com. Warwick Esq. created Baronet Iune 26. William Wray in Com. Lincoln Esq. created Baronet Iune 27. Francis Hollis in Com. Dorset Esq. created Baronet Iune 27. Nicholas Steward in Com. Southampton Esq. created Baronet Iune 27. George Warberton in Com. Pal. of Chester Esq. created Baronet Iune 27. Oliver St. Iohn in Com. Northampton Esq. created Baronet Iune 28. Sir Ralph Delaval in Com. Northumberland Kt. created Baronet Iune 29. Andrew Henley in Com. Somerset Esq. created Baronet Iune 30. Thomas Ellis in Com. Lincoln Esq. created Baronet Iune 30. Sir Iohn Covert in Com. Sussex Kt. created Baronet Iuly 2. Maurice Berkley in Com. Somerset Esq. created Baronet Iuly 2. Peter Harr of the City of London created Baronet Iuly 2. Henry Hudson in Com. Leicester Esq. created Baronet Iuly 3. Thomas Herbert in Com. Monmouth Esq. created Baronet Iuly 3. Thomas Middleton in Com. Denbigh created Baronet Iuly 4. Verney Noel in Com. Leicester Esq. created Baronet Iuly 6. George Ruswel in Com. Northampton Esq. created Baronet Iuly 7. Robert Austen in Com. Kent Esq. created Baronet Iuly 10. Robert Hales in Com. Kent Esq. created Baronet Iuly 12. Iohn Clarke in Com. Oxford Esq. created Baronet Iuly 13. William Thomas in Com. Essex Esq. created Baronet Iuly 13. Sir William Boothby in Com. Derby Kt. created Baronet Iuly 13. Wolstan Dixey in Com. Leicester created Baronet Iuly 14. Iohn Bright in Com. York Esq. created Baronet Iuly 16. Iohn Warner in Com. York Esq. created Baronet Iuly 16. Sir Iohn Harbey in Com. Hartford Kt. created Baronet Iuly 17. Sir Samuel Moreland in Com. Berks Kt. created Baronet Iuly 18. Sir Thomas Hewet in Com. Hartford Kt. created Baronet Iuly 19. Edward Honywood in Com. Kent Esq. created Baronet Iuly 19. Basil Dixwel in Com. Kent Esq. created Baronet Iuly 19. Sir Richard Brown of the City of London Kt. created Baronet Iuly 20. Marmaduke Gresham in Com. Surrey Esq. created Baronet Iuly 20. Henry Kernor in Com. Salop Esq. created Baronet Iuly 23. Sir Iohn Aubrey in Com. Glamorgan
in private in all Duties we owe to God and Man to amend our lives and each other to go before another in the Example of a real Reformation that the Lord may turn away his Wrath and heavy Indignation and establish these Churches and Kingdoms in Truth and Peace And this Covenant we make in the presence of Almighâ—y God the Searcher of all Hearts with a true intention to perform the same as we shall answer at that great day when the secrets of all Hearts shall he disclosed most humbly beseeching the Lord to strengthen us by his Holy Spirit for this end And to bless our desires and proceedings with such success as may be deliverance and safety to his People and encouragement to the Christian Churches groaning under or in danger of the York of Antichristian Tyranny to joyn in the same or like Association and Covenant to the Glory of God the Inlargement of the Kingdom of Iesus Christ and the Peace and Tranquility of Christian Kingdoms and Commonwealths It consisted just of 666 Words as some curious Criticks observed the number of the Beast in the Revelations Most certain it is the baiting and disputing of it made the Field the Pulpit and the Press a sad Theatre The good Progress was made by this Parliament in this way to return us where we were did highly urge the discontents of the late Anarchy and their anger suggested to them some hopes of undoing all again and in this revenge they parted themselves because they saw the Presbyterians concerned who either must comply or equally Suffer with them by such proceedings and therefore new designs were meditated and divers Conspiracies framed and Councels and Meetings had by several of that Party who afterward were seized into custody after they had vainly endeavoured and projected new troubles such were Praise God Barebone Samuel Moyer Colonel Salmon Major Wildman late Alderman Ireton since secured in a remote Castle Major Hains and others some of them since released and discharged by the Kings favour In the like manner as the renowned Montross had been interred so with proportionable solemnity the two most Loyal Commanders Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle were re-interred at Colchester the Seventh of Iune the same day thirteen year they took up Arms for the King in that Town which extremity they nobly defended the vicine Gentry and Townsmen in Arms and Mourning attending their Hearses both Corps being laid in the Vault set apart for the Sepulchry of Sir Charles his Family The Earl of Sandwich the Streights and the Levant-seas being infested with the Pirats of Algier Tunis and Tripoly notwithstanding our late League by the â—right of Porta Ferino for since the departure of Captain Stoaks who was left by Blake in 1657. with eight Ships and returned in 1659. the old Piâ—â—y was frequently exercised was sent with a Fleet of War to reduce them 〈◊〉 better 〈◊〉 He set sail with his Vice-Admiral Sir Iohn Lawson leaving 〈…〉 Admiral Sir Richard Stayner on the 19 of Iune and the 29 of Iuly câ—me before that Port of Algier sending in a civil Message to the Dy or Bashaw 〈◊〉 the place that he came to confirm the League made formerly between us 〈…〉 and a Treaty accordingly ensued but they refusing to deliver the â—â—pâ—ves except upon hard conditions and not to be brooked by those who had made them feel the smart of their former Insolence the General weighed and stood into the Harbour but they ever since their former disaster had with new Fortifications and a Mole with Forts so secured themselves that after the firing of some of their Ships and doing some Execution on them it was advised the Fleet should make out again which they did with the loss of some men and the Wounding and maiming of others as also of their Yards Sails and Rigging After which Enterprize the Earl leaving Sir Sohn Lawson to block them up and their Thieving-trade being stopt departed with part of his Fleet to the Coast of Spain to Tangier and so at length to Lisbon according to his Orders In the mean time the Parliament at the special instance desire of the King had passed an Act for Confirmation of the Act of Oblivion which being done by the Free Parliament not called by his Majesties Writ was not thought by the guilty valid and security enough to them They likewise ratified most or all of the other Laws Enacted by the same Authority They framed another for Regulating Corporations Impowring Commissioners to displace such as bore Offices and were any way suspected as Ill-willers to the Government and his Majesties Authority or should refuse to take the Oath of Allegiance and Supremacy or finally which was the onely Test if they would not renounce the Solemn League and Covenant as unlawful in it self and illegally imposed the Wisdom of the Parliament knowing what Seeds were sown of that Thistle and how untractable it was During this Debate of the House Mr. Pryn could not refrain against the priviledge of the House of which he was a Member from publishing of certain Reasons against the said Bill as contrary to Magna Charta which the House being informed of the Serjeant at Arms was ordered to seize the Printer and Mr. Pryn owning of it he was brought to the Bar and rebuked by the Speaker but upon his submission and the Houses favourable reflection on his great endeavours to the Restitution of the King he was remitted the censure and punishment he had by this oversight incurred not considering the necessity and Peace of the Kingdom required this course and how usual and constant it was with the Usurpers whereas now the Supreme Legislative Power who may and do substitute Repeal and Enact such Laws as the times require had thought fit to establish this There passed also another Act repealing that of the 1 Caroli 7. against the Prelacy and the Bishopâ— medling in civil Judicature and Affairs debarring them also from their Priviledges to fit as Peers in the House of Lords to all which Honours they were by this Repeal restored to all purposes as if the same had never been Enacted a little before which the whole Order of them were magnificently feasted at Sir Richard Brown's the Lord-Mayor his house the 25 of Iune The Free-Parliament having respited the punishments of several of the Regicides as well those that lay under Condemnation as others not so fully guilty of that Crime the Houses resumed the matter and caused the Lord Munson Sir Henry Mildmay and Mr. Robert Wallop to be brought to the Bar where their Estates were declared confiscate and they degraded from all Titles and Arms of Gentility and farther Sentenced to be drawn from the Tower through the City of London to Tyburn on the 30 of Ianuary next and so back again with Halters about their Necks upon Sledges and to suffer perpetual Imprisonment Sir Iames Harrington was to have been in this
in Parliament the merciful disposition of the King declining the instigates of his justice against the demerits of so obnoxious and Capital a Deliquent While the main Fleet with the General the Earl of Sandwich was upon return with the Queen from Lisbon Vice-Admiral Sir Iohn Lawson with the Frigots left with him yet plyed to and fro about the Barbary-shore taking and sacking all Vessels belonging to the Pyratical Trade of those Places to the almost breaking the Nest of those Infidel Thieves and on the Twentieth of April having notice of some of their Ships in a Port called Bugia he fell in with his Frigots in spight of their Castles and Guns and burnt and rendred them unserviceable and came out again with little loss April the Twentieth which with the despair of being rid of him and his Fleet made the Algier Bashaw stoop now to the offer of a Treaty and to former Articles with the required advantage to our Commerce in those Ports and Seas which were sent from Sir Iohn Lawson about Iune and brought to the King at Hampton-Court who very well approved of it the Dutch having concluded a very shameful Peace or Truce with them about the same time Our Prossession of Tangier alarm'd the adjacent African Potentates with the danger of our encroachments and the Fame of our Warlike Martial Atchievements by Land as well as by Sea which consideration drew down into the confines of that Place one Gayland a Warlike Prince but then a Rebel against the King of Morocco and Fez and usurping part of his Dominions who continued there appearing and disappering for a space of time upon pretence of a League and Friendship when meeting of a suddain as he was ranging thereabouts with his Horse the swiftest in the World with some of our Forces Forraging for Provision and Horse-meat he surprized and defeated them Their manner of fight being to leave and take as they see advantage which they do with very active and quick force and resolution Since we requited it upon some of his venturing straglers not long after he came very freely and entred into Treaty which he finished and is in good Amity at present with us Shortly after the Earl of Peterborough returned thence and gave his Majesty an account of the place and the Lord Rutherford late Governour of Dunkirk and newly made Earl of Tiviot is now the Governour thereof and Colonel Alsop an antient Souldier throughout the War Commands under him The King hath made it a Free Port and granted it all the Priviledges of a Merchant-City being seated very conveniently for Commerce especially by reason of the security thereof This Trinity-Term Sir Henry Vane and Colonel Lambert at the request of the Parliament having been brought from their remote Prisons in Scilly to the Tower were Arraigned Iune the Fourth before Sir Robert Foster Lord chief Justice at the Kings Bench Bar and Indicted Sir Henry for imagining and compassing the Death of the King and for taking upon him and usurping the Government and Colonel Lambert for Levying War against the King in Middlesex Cheshire Yorkshire and other places of the North of this Kingdom Sir Henry Pleaded the Authority of Parliament and justified it and put the Court to a deal of needless trouble and impertinent repetition but disowned his medling or making with the Kings Death Colonel Lambert behaved himself very civilly and respectively to the Court and pleaded as his last Plea that it did not appear by any additional word that he was the same Iohn Lambert mentioned in the Indictment but he was told it was Iohn Lambert Esquire and then he confessed civilly his not minding it before and submitted The Counsel then craved Judgment against him the Sollicitor-General saying That good manners cannot commute for Treason Both were Sentenced as Traytors but the Colonel Reprieved at the Bar by the King's favour and regard had to the report the Justices had given him of his submissive and handsome deportment at his Tryal and therefore desired the Judges to return unto his Majesty his most humble thanks for his so unexpected mercy which the Judges said might have been and was once thought to be extended to Sir Henry if his frowardness and contemptuous behaviour had not precluded the way to it He nevertheless had this favour shown him at the intercession of some of his Relations who had deserved well of the King in his service that his Majestie mitigated the Sentence to a Beheading only which was Executed on the Fourteenth of Iune on the Scaffold at Tower-Hill where the Earl of Strafford bled first by his Fathers Treachery and there he ran out into Treasonable Discourses but was stopt and after two or three warnings his Notes endeavoured to be taken from him which to prevent he tore them in pieces and in that Passion submitted to the Block Several Contrivances and Designes being related to the Councel hatched by the Phanatick Party caused the King in their usual method to retort their Twenty Miles Proclamation upon their own heads commanding all Officers c. under any of the late Usurped Powers that had been disbanded to depart Twenty miles from the City and Suburbs of London and not to return within Eight Moneths such only excepted as by the Privy-Councel upon their Application to them should obtain licence The only Discourse and Disputation throughout the Kingdome was what the Presbyterian could expect after the Act of Uniformity was passed and St. Bartholomews day the Twenty fourth of August expired which was the time limited for their Conforming to what the Act had required by renouncing the Covenant and reading Divine Service and Common-Prayer in Church-Vestments as the Surplice the main thing bogled at Many endeavours there had been before in Parliament for some Toleration and their Friends sollicited to the utmost but not able to carry it there they Applied themselves to his Majesty and the Privy-Councel the most of them having deserted and relinquished their Livings which the Bishop of London with much prudence and foresight had provided of able and pious Minister and exceptionless whom he setled in their places but upon full debate of their Petition and as full a hearing the Councel laid it aside there being none present to answer and dispute their pretences to a superseding the express meaning of the Act but the aforesaid Bishop and so all their Chimaera's or expectations they had raised in the Country by their Letters to the obstinating of the more indifferent to the resistance of this Law from which they made sure to get a Dispensation to the ruine of some Families came to nothing and now nothing but Transportation was talked of for using the free Exercise of that Religion The Commissioners for Regulating Corporations had likewise proceeded to the dismission of such from all Offices and Places in Councel and otherwhere who refused to renounce and declare the said Covenant Illegal and Suspected and not cleared for
would use his best endeavours with the Parliament to that end About the same time came hither a very splendid Ambassy from the Emperour of Russia delegated to three of his Knez or Princes the one of them came some time before the other to prepare all things suitable to the State of their Reception and had Audience by the King in privatate at Hamton-Court The Principal was Knez Peter Simonewitz formerly Governour of Archangel our Port of Trade in those Dominions he was received in greater State than any former Ambassadours from any Prince whatsoever both in respect He useth the same Honours to our Soveraigns Publick Ministers and the great Immunities and Priviledges the English enjoy again there as also from that particular Affection which is between these Two Monarchs as hath been hinted before At his Receipt the whole Military Force of the City was in Arms Trained Bands Auxiliaries Hamlets Westminster-Regiments several of the Companies and Liveries of the City on Horseback in their Gold Chains with the Aldermen of the City Riding before him who near York-House where he was to be entertained by the King during his stay made a Lane for Him to pass through them thereunto Two of them Rode in the Kings Coach the Principal was at that time sick and came by Water to his House their Retinue according to their Countrey Fashion were Vested in a long Robe girt about the Middle loop-laced on the Breast and caped behind His two Coachmen and Postilions the like though English men there were some Thirty Servants that Rode a Horseback with Hawks on their Fists as Presents On New years-day they were Conducted to White Hall where they delivered their Presents of Furs as black Fox Skins Ermins many Timber or scores of Martins Beavers and the like Persian-Carpets three Persian Horses Argamarick and other Commodities of that Country as Damask Silks and Embroyderies also a Ship Loading of Hemp there were Presents of the like Nature from the Empress to the Queen and from the Prince of Russia likewise they were all received with that affection and kindness which the King on all occasions hath manifested to have for that great Potentate Two of those Embassadors departed hence for France and so to Italy the Chief stayed to to return in Iune with our ships for his own County On the Twenty sixth of December at night in the House of one Mr. â— la Noy an Hamborough Merchant who had lately married Sir Thomas Allâ—â— Daughter of Middlesex being now with Child as the Family were in Bed a suddain fire without breaking out into the Street which was the new Buildings in Loathbury where others stood or being discerned suddenly consumed all that were within goods and all the Chambers and Goods being all burnt from top to bottom and not a shreik or cry heard it being supposed the greenness of the Timber smoking more vehemently at the eruption of the fire instantly smothered them A very sad and much-lamented providence seven being reckoned that were killed in this manner The fire was perceived at last by the heat it caused in the next House but the Bricks and the shutters in the Windows kept it from breaking out Notwithstanding the inhibition to Non-conforming Ministers to Preach or Exercise their Ministry and the penalties thereof yet Mr. Calamy late Pastor of Aldermanbury by reason the Parish was disappointed on Sunday the Twenty eighth of December by a blind old Minister that should have Preached there as he pretended went into the Pulpit and Preached and by his Text and Sermon and Inferences did reflect hardly and strangely upon the state of the Church and beyond his Last if he had been also capacitated to Preach For this Transgression and Contempt he was by Warrant of the Lord Mayor committed to Newgate where many persons came to visit him to his no little advantage but within two or three days was by his Majesties gracious Clemency and his Order discharged from this Imprisonment though it were an Offence done as it were to affront that tenderness held forth in His Majesties Declaration aforesaid The Bishop of Lincoln the famous Casuist Dr. Sanderson died in the middle of Ianuary as many of that Function had preceded him since the King's Restitution and left his See to the Lord Bishop of Peterborough Dr. Laney The Lord Warreston a Committee of Safety-man and infamous for his Treason in Scotland and a Fugitive there being Proclaimed Rebel and Traytor was taken and secured in France and sent over hither where he was Committed by his Majesties Order to the Tower in order to his sending for Scotland from thence Gibs the Brother of the aforesaid Nathanael who fled and was lately retaken was sent to the Sessions at the Old Baily February the Twentieth and with the before-mentioned Baker Condemned for the same former Treason and both Executed at Tyburn in like manner The Nineteenth of February the Parliament met where the King took notice of his said Declaration of the Twenty sixth of December wherein he cleared himself of any mistakes as favouring Popery though he acknowledged the Services of many of that Profession yet he was so far from Tolerating or qualifying them thereby to hold any Office or places of Trust in the Government that he desired Laws might be made to hinder the growth of their Doctrine That his Zeal to the Protestant Religion and Uniformity shall not yield to the Bishops themselves and yet if the Dissenters will demean themselves peaceably and modestly under the Government he could heartily wish He had such a Power of Indulgence to use upon occasions as might not needlesly force them out of the Kingdome or staying here give them Cause to Conspire against the Peace of it In Answer to this His Majesties Explanation of Himself and his Declaration of the Twenty sixth of December the House of Commons distinctly and separately to every particular thereof gave His Majesty their most humble Thanks withal by their Votes and Addresses to him Vindicating their settlement of Religion in the antient Form Discipline and Government thereof from the Calumny and danger of Schism and promised to Assert it with their Lives and Estates as their particular and Parliamentary Honour which Resolutions and Reasons being of so recent Date and the Answer of the King not yet given thereunto which out-measures the time of this Chronicle I do remit to another unwearied and unperplexed Pen. Scotland in a most Peaceful state and condition and the Kingdome of Ireland in a tendency thereunto but through so many variations and vicissitudes of Domination and propriety the Lands thereof had passed that it was not imaginable the total subversion thereof by the Rebellion of both Parties there the Irish and Long Parliament could devolve things into any presumed security it having been the first and last Stage of the War sed Tucro Duce Auspice Tucro But the Eminence and Prudence of this Lord Lieutenant the most noble
Duke of Ormond who hath so often Governed this Realm hath given the greatest pledges of assurance of an happy Establishment whose beginning I will not trouble with the short-lived rumours of Commotions and Stirs now very frequent and rise by the Arts of our Male-Contents Thus far have I deduced the account of the Three Kingdoms from the most Funest War to a blessed and most promising Peace to us and our Posterity and may there be in the succeeding years of His Majesties and his Royal Progenies Reign which Almighty God derive through innumerable descents no other occasion of our Pens than the gratulatory Records of our undisturbed unalterable Repose Plenty and Tranquillity A BRIEF ACCOUNT Of the most Memorable TRANSACTIONS IN ENGLAND SCOTLAND and IRELAND AND Forein Parts From the Year 1662 to the Year 1675. LONDON Printed by I. C. for T. Basset at the George near Cliffords-Inne in Fleetstreet 1676. A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF TRANSACTIONS IN ENGLAND SCOTLAND and IRELAND c. THere is a justice due to the Memory of Actions as well as the Memory of Men and therefore since the times of Usurpation have had the favour done them as to have the Transactions of those Years publikely recorded though to the shame of those Times that had nothing but Enormity to signalize 'em with more justice may we assay to take a short view of those great and Noble Actions perform'd in the succeeding Years Not that we pretend to a History but in short â—â—â—nals and brief Collections to facilitate the way for those that shall hereafter take a larger and more considerable pains Anno Dom. 1663. THat which the expectations of people were most fix'd upon the beginning of this Year was the Session of Parliament which beginning on the 19 th of February 1662 continued to the 27 th of Iuly 1663. The first thing remarkable was a Petition of both Houses Representing that notwithstanding his Majesties unquestionable zeal and affection to the Protestant Religion manifested by his constant prosession and practice against all temptations whatsoever yet by the great resort of Iesuits and Romish Priests into the Kingdom the Subject was generally much affected with jealousie that the Popish Religion might much encrease and the Church and State be thereby insensibly disturb'd upon which the King set forth a Proclamation Commanding all Iesuits and Irish Scotch and English Priests to depart the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales before the 14 th of May then next ensuing upon pain of having the penalty of the Laws inflicted upon them But while they are bringing other Consultations to maturity many other things preceding the Conclusion of their deliberations are to be related In April his Majesty kept the Feast of St. George at Windsor where the Duke of Monmouth and the Prince of Denmark by his Deputy Sir George Carteret Vice-chamberlain were install'd Knights of the Garter Toward the later end of May came News from Iamaica that the English under the Command of Capt. Mymms being about 800 men had made an attempt upon the City of Campeach in the Golden Territories of the King of Spain and that they took the Town though defended with four Forts and 3000 men But the Spaniards having intelligence of their coming had sent away their Women and Riches yet though they miss'd their chief aim they took the Governour brought away 50 pieces of Ordnance and 14 Ships which were in Harbor The beginning of Iune brought News of a Conspiracie of several wicked persons in Ireland who were endeavoring to raise a new Rebellion there by surprizing the Castle of Dublin The Designe was to have been put in execution upon the 21 th of May and the Dâ—ke of Ormond first to be seiz'd To which effect divers persons with Petitions in their hands were to wait in the Castle while 80 Foot in the disguise of Handicrafts-men attended without Their business it was to trifle about for an opportunity to surprize the Guards The Plot was discovered and 500 lib. a head set upon five of the Ringleaders to what persons soever should apprehend them About this time his Majesty caus'd the Earl of Middleton's Commission as Commissioner of Scotland to cease and appointed the Earl of Rothes to succeed him in the same Quality On the third of Iune His Majesty by his Commission under the Great Seal of England to the Lord Chancellor Lord Treasurer Lord Privy Seal Duke of Albemarle Marquess of Dorchester and Lord High Chamberlain pass'd ten Bills which were all private ones but three of which the chiefest was for repair of the High-ways of Huntington Hertford and Cambridge-shires About the beginning of December Mr. Paul Rycaut Secretary to the Earl of Winchelsey came from Constantinople bringing with him the Grand Seigniors Ratifications of the several Treaties made with Argier and as a mark of the Kings satisfaction in the management of his Employment and the Message he brought His Majesty was pleas'd to honour him with a fair gold Chain and a Medal No less mindful was he of the Loyalty of his Island of Iersey and as a reward thereof muâ—â—bout the same time he order'd a stately silver Mace richly gilt to be bestowed upon the Bayliff or Chief Magistrate of the Island to be born ever after before him and his Successors as an honourable Badge of his Majesties affection to them for their constant adhering both to his Father and Himself It was received with all imaginable demonstrations of joy and the first that had the honour to have it born before him was Philip Carteret Esq. Brother to Sir George Vice-Chamberlain to his Majesty But now so loud and so hainous were the rebellious Treasons daily discovered in the North that it was thought convenient to give requitals of another nature and in the depth of winter to send a Commission of Oyer and Terminer to York for trial of the most notorious Offenders in that Conspiracie Seventeen were first arraign'd ten of which appeared to have been actually in arms at Farnley-wood The Plot was excellently open'd to have been a Designe which came from the Bishoprick about a year before and that an Intelligence was settled between the disaffected there and in Yorkshire as also in Ipswich in Suffolk and other Counties an Oath of Secresie taken and Agents employ'd at London and in the West of England for assistance In Iune preceding two Agitators were sent into Scotland to reconcile the Sectaries there who were entertained at one Oldroyd's house in Deusbury commonly known by the name of the Devil of Deusbury and afterwards divers meetings were appointed at a place called Stanh-house in York-shire Whereupon Marshden and Palmer were sent to London as Agitators to the Secret Committee there and at their return brought Orders to rise the 12 th of Octob. with assurance that the Insurrection should be general and Whitehal be attempted Nottingham Glocester and Newcastle were to be seized as Passes
over the Severn Trent and Tine and Baston in Lincolnshire for a Sea-port to receive Succours out of Holland and other Foreign parts All the Gentry were to be secured and persons were dispatch'd abroad for assistance York they aim'd at but of Hull they absolutely despair'd as Walters affirmed who to give him his due dealt most sincerely Their pretences were to have been the opposal of Excise Subsidies c. to re-establish a Gospel-Magistracie and Ministry to restore the Long Parliament and lastly to curb the Gentry Clergy and Lawyers Fifteen of the seventeen first arraigned were found guilty the chiefest of whom was one Captain Oates Afterwards several others were arraigned who farther confessed how the Designe had been carried on by a private Committee at London That Lambert or Ludlow was propos'd for to have headed them That the Rising was to have begun in Ireland to have followed in England and then in Scotland Of these Cotton Denham and Atkins were the chief who all behaved themselves with a notorious insolence Cotton protesting that he valued his life no more than the Judge did his Handkerchief There was also among them one Corney a Preaching Anabaptist Most of them being convicted and condemned were afterwards executed some at York some at Leeds and others in other places Immediately after this Iames Turner a person for nothing more known than for the confidence of his behaviour came upon the Stage to plead for himself who had been a Sollicitor for others before he was Indicted for Felony and Burglary as one that had robb'd his own most intimate friend Mr. Samuel Tryon breaking into his house and binding him in his bed and then rifling away what he pleased in the house the matter of fact was so ill defended by a tedious Speech of his own that he was condemned and shortly after executed in Leaden-hall-street near Lime-street-end But to go on where this necessary digression interrupted me and to shew how the links of their treasonable Combination hung together at London shortly after was tried a Printer for having had a hand in Printing one of the most execrable Libels that was ever brought to light being a designe all at once upon the Life Honor Authority and Royal Family of the King wherein there was a general Call to a Rising in these very words If there be any City Town or County in the three Nations that will begin this Righteous and Glorious Work referring to the word Revolt they may be assured c. It was also ordered to have met the day appointed for the general Rising He was found Guilty of having advisedly and malitiously Printed the said Libel and was thereupon adjudged to be drawn hanged and quartered After him a Printer a Bookseller and a Book-binder were tri'd for a Misdemeanor found Guilty and fin'd the one a hundred Mark the other two forty Mark apiece all of them to stand in the Pillory and be return'd to Prison till the next Sessions and then to confess their faults in such manner as the Court should direct and to put in Security 400 lib. for themselves and 200 lib. for their Surety never to Print sell or publish any Book but such as should be by Law appointed The prementioned condemn'd Printer was executed accordingly The three others stood in the Pillory in Smithfield and before the Royal-Exchange their Offence being expressed in these words For selling and uttering malitious scandalous and seditioâ—s Books against the King the State and Peace of the Kingdom Nor must we omit the particular Acts of Providence as well as those which are universal A Story very observable in the preservation of divers Persons of Quality in a house in Holborne who being there met to a considerable number a Link-boy passing under the wall of the House observ'd the House failing who thereupon immediately ran in and bid the Company be gone for the House was falling upon their heads And so returning at the same instant and the Company following him as fast as they could they were no sooner out and clear of the door but the house fell indeed to the ground without any harm to the Company This Month an Antient Gentleman a Portugueze lodging in Hart-street in Covent-Garden having been abroad at his Devotions sent his Servant out to provide him some Fish for his Dinner which being dress'd and serv'd up a little while after the people of the house heard the report of a Pistol but took no farther notice of it A while after that the Gentlemans Servant a Portugueze likewise called Peter Caesar came down and sate to Dinner with the people of the house where he staid most part of the afternoon and then went abroad and came in again Toward the evening he went forth another time and caused a Porter to bring home a large Chest which being carried up stairs the Boy drew it into his Masters Chamber and a good while after called the Porter to help him down with it which he did accordingly But the Chest proving too heavy for the Porter and the Youth another Porter was call'd and so they carried it away to the water-side where it was put into a Boat and the Boy bidding the Water-man cross the water pretending he was to receive mony for the Goods in the Chest from a person that was to meet him there staid a while but no body coming at length in a rage to see himself disappointed caus'd the fellow to row him back again and by the way slipp'd the Chest into the Thames and left it as in a fury to see himself sent of an Errand to so little purpose After this the Boy returned to his Masters Lodging but some blood being discovered upon the stairs the fellow was apprehended next morning the Chest being taken up and opened there was found the body of his Master shot through the head That which moved him to this horrid Villany was a sum of mony between 3 and 400 hundred pound which his Master wore about him in a List. He was afterwards condemn'd and executed at Tyburn Upon the Nineteenth of March the Lord Holles Embassador from his Majesty to the French King received his Audience at Chasteauneuf with great Justice to the Royal Dignity of his Master and with honourable respect to himself The sum of what his Excellencie delivered which was in English tending principally to signifie his Royal Masters Intentions to preserve an Amity and fair Correspondence with that King upon confidence of the like from his Christian Majesty To which the French King's Reply was briefly That his Excellencie might assure his Master the King of Great Britain of as much from himself concluding with some expressions of particular respects to the Person of the English Embassador And it was observable that none of the Princes of the Blood who had got the precedencie of several Embassadors of late years were there to dispute it with Ours This Month the King
defend themselves so that the River was quite covered with men and Horses The Count made use of the opportunity not taking so much as one Prisoner so that between killing and drowning very few escap'd though above 10000 in all above a thousand of their Horses were taken coming out of the water A considerable prevention of their entring Stiermark and coming up as far as Grats without any possibility of opposition The like success had the Portugals against the Spaniards taking the Town of Ginaldo in Gallicia wherein was the Magazine of Spain Afterwards giving Battle to Don Iohn of Austria who commanded 7000 Horse 12000 Foot and 18 pieces of Ordnance they routed him in the open field and took all his Bag and Baggage being assisted by the English They slew 1000 took 4000 Prisoners and most of the eminent Commanders But a worse fate had attended the Protestants of Piedmont had not they sâ—outly defended themselves For while their Delegates were pleading for them at Turin under the Protection and Safe-conduct of the Duke of Savoy their Sovereign Prince protesting their Loyalty and Submission to him his Forces to the number of between 16 or 18000 Horse and Foot entred the Valleys at Prerustine St. Bartholomew Rocheplate and other places endeavouring to possess themselves of Angrogue and St. Martins two of the strongest Holds in all the Valley of Piedmont In their way they set all on fire cut and tore the Vines and destroy'd all The Inhabitants seeing themselves assaulted contrary to Faith given and seeing they were undone made head the Fight was hot for the time but though the Savoyards were thirty for one they were at length forc'd to retreat with the loss of above a thousand men kill'd and wounded and many Officers All which was said to be done by the Iesuits Council de Propaganda Fide Anno Dom. 1664. WE shall begin this Year with the Trial of several persons for their Lives being of the same Party with those last Year executed at York The greatest part of their hopes of destroying his Majesty was built upon the confidence of a power they had as well to divide and distract his Friends as unite his Enemies which they endeavour'd to do by divers false and scandalous Rumors which upon all occasions they scatter'd among the people as being one half of their business The Tragedy was to have begun in the Counties of Westmerland Durham and Yorkshire by seizing upon Carlisle all the eminent Persons and Justices of the Peace of the said Counties and what Publick Treasure they could find A small Party met at Kirkby-Steven but failing of their number soon dispers'd themselves again Several were executed particularly at Appleby Robert Waller Stephen Weatherhead and Henry Petty But such was the inveterate malice of these kind of people such was the Influence of Ejected Ministers among them that notwithstanding so many persons had suffer'd the year before yet at Newbury the Mayor and Company of the Town being met upon Easter Tuesday to chuse Church-wardens for the year ensuing they were assaulted by a rude and confus'd multitude of all sorts of Phanaticks some crying one thing and some another and though sundry times excluded by the Constables that were call'd to keep the peace yet they still broke in with fresh clamours crying out that it did not belong to the Mayor and Company but the whole Parish to make the choice In fine they came to this at last that they did not matter who was chosen so one Pocock render'd odious to the Rabble for his Loyalty to the King were not one But Sir Thomas Doleman coming immediately to Town upon notice of the disorder with a Guard of Soldiers seiz'd the chief sticklers who were afterwards proceeded against according to their demerits And understanding that certain Grand Phanaticks being charg'd with Arms refus'd to send in their men he with the rest of the Deputy-Lieutenants caus'd them to be fin'd and levied their fines by distress of their goods In the mean time notice being taken of several dangerous applications made to some Prisoners in the Tower Mildmay Wallop Fleetwood and Garland were sent away to Tangier and certain other Prisoners dispos'd of into other places of security This Month also brought Intelligence of the proceedings of the Earl of Teviot then Governor of Tangier who finding Gayland unwilling to comply with him in his propounded Articles of Peace resolv'd to make use of Force and having worsted the Moor in an Attack which he made upon the English with great courage and vigor for some time afterwards undisturb'd began and finish'd a great part of the outermost Fortifications and to make room for the English and Strangers of better account turn'd all the Jews out of the City Now was it less welcom news for his Majesty to hear that his Embassador Sir Rich. Fanshaw was magnificently receiv'd and entertain'd by the King of Spain in testimony of the high value which that King put upon his Majesties Alliance and the reverence he had for that Correspondence which so great an Embassador was sent to continue and preserve between both Kingdoms But as if the heat of the Spring had warm'd the English bloods His Majesty and his Parliament at this time sitting began to take into their deep Consideration the great Complaints that had been made against the Dutch whose injuries and affronts had not a little enrag'd the Nation Whereupon a Report being made by Mr. Clifford of their Encroachments upon Trade from a Committee appointed to examine that affair Thereupon the House made two Resolves the Substance of which were That the wrongs dishonours and indignities the damages affronts and injuries done by the Subjects of the United Provinces to our Merchants were the greatest Obstructions to Forein Trade That His Majesty should be mov'd to take speedy and effectual course for the redress thereof and that they would assist him with their lives and fortunes against all opposition whatsoever The Lords concurr'd and thereupon both Houses attended his Majesty who declar'd his Royal Sense and high Esteem of their care and tenderness for the Honor and Good of the Nation Letting them farther know That he would examine and prove the particular Complaints that he would demand satisfaction by a Publick Minister and do his utmost endeavour to secure his Subjects from the like Violences for the future depending upon the Promise of both Houses to stand by him Upon which Declaration both Houses return'd their humble and hearty Thanks April 6 th Soon after this the King came to the House pass'd two particular Acts the one for holding Parliaments once in three years at least and repealing a former Act call'd An Act for preventing the inconveniencies by long intermissions of Parliament At the signing thereof his Majesty gave them thanks for their ready concurring in a thing so advantageous to the Nation and for recalling the other so prejudicial and so
enjoy'd the benefit of a general Oblivion Towards the beginning of Autumn dy'd the King of Spain and the Queen-Mother was Confirm'd Regent much to the settlement of that Kingdom Anno Dom. 1666. THE War continuing between the English and the Dutch the beginning of this Year brought Intelligence from America where the Governour of Iamaica resolves to Attaque their American Plantations and accordingly by the Assistance of the Buccaneers or Hunters upon Hispaniola made themselves Masters of Sancta Eastachia Salia St. Martins and Bonaira and took the Island Tabago by Storm At which time a Party sent from the Barbadoes to have done the same being thus prevented fell upon the Dutch Plantations in the Continent where they possess'd themselves of New Zealand taking the Fort with seven Guns upon the River Maccurah and Wina they spoil'd Ten Sugar-works and took 500 Negroes which they sent to Martinego And thus with a handful of Men they Expell'd the Dutch out of all their Plantations in the West-Indies excepting only Curressa being a Fort built by the Dutch in an Island without any Plantation and not worth Attempting At home the Dutch endeavour all they can to strengthen themselves with Alliances and therefore make Peace with the Dane on condition That both Parties absolutely renounce all manner of Pretences whereby Denmark became a gainer of 60 Tun of Gold All disorders in Norway were to be quite taken away which doubled the King's Revenues at that time Lastly the Hollanders were to pay yearly to the Dane 15 Tun of Gold so long as the War with England lasted In lieu whereof the Dane was to maintain 30 Men of War in the Sound to which the Hollander was to add Eight or Ten with some Land-forces This the Swede took ill Declaring to all Publick Ministers his Resolution to stand firm to the League with England in order whereunto Wrangle understanding that some Dutch ships were come into the Elbe where then a Fleet of English Merchants rode commanded a Swedish man of War to Guard them and rather to sink by their sides than see them injur'd the same care being likewise taken to secure the English in Schonen They also sent an Embassadour into Denmark to Expostulate the Reason of their Alliance and to shew their dislike of the whole Transaction and when the Danish Resident in a studied Speech endeavour'd to give the Queen and Regents of Sweden an accompt of his Masters Intentions in that League for the security of the Sound and the Provocations pretended from England which forc'd him to Revenge and offer'd the Crown of Sweden to be included in the same Alliance He was presently Answered That the Procedure of his Master seem'd so fowl and Dishonourable that they knew not how any Prince for the future could Treat with him But the Swedes seeing what the Dane had done resolv'd in no wise to suffer the Sound to be shut up at pleasure reinforc'd their Garrisons in Schonen and prepar'd a sufficient Navy for their Defence However to shew themselves not altogether averse from Peace the Swedes did frame a Project for an Accommodation between the States and them which contain'd so many points of Restitutinos Reparations and amends to be made by the States that they were nothing pleased with it Besides the Swede insisted to be admitted into the Trade of India a point above all the rest which the Dutch were most jealous of The King now taking into consideration the hazardous consequences by the extraordinary resort of People to the Parliament by his Commission directed to the Lord Chancellour Prorogu'd them to the 18 of September next He also Issued out a Proclamation whereby Iohn Desborough Thomas Kelsey and others were requir'd to return into England and render themselves and in case of Disobedience to stand Guilty and be Attainted of High Treason A while after Desborough was brought over from Ostend in the Little Mary and Committed to Dover Castle by the Lord Middleton but at length released by the Kings Order Another Proclamation was issued out Giving all Persons that would liberty till the 25th of December following to export all Woollen Manufactures beyond Sea in regard that the War and Contagion bad caus'd such a deadness of Trade in the Nation But at the Old Baily were Try'd several Malefactors in all Eight Persons formerly Officers or Souldiers in the Rebellion among whom the most noted was Iohn Rathborn an old Army-Colonel Their Indictment was For Conspiring the King's Death and the overthrow of the Government having in the Kings absence from the City laid their Plot and Contrivance for surprisal of the Tower the killing General Monk Sir Iohn Robinson the Lieutenant of the Tower and Sir Richard Brown Major-General of the City and then to have declared for an equal division of Lands The better to effect this Design the City was to have been Fir'd and the Portculâ—â—ces to have been let down to keep out all Assistance the Horse-Guard to have been Surpriz'd in the several Innes where they were quarter'd several Ostlers having been gain'd for that purpose The Tower had been View'd and its Surprisal Order'd by Boats over the Moat and so to Scale the Wall There was in the Conspiracy one Alexander who made his Escape who had distributed several Sâ—â—s of Money to these Conspirators and for the carrying on the Design more effectually they were told of Great Ones that sate constantly in London who issued out all Orders which Council received their Directions from a Council in Holland who sate with the States The Third of September was pitch'd upon for the Attempt as being found by a Scheme Erected for that purpose a Luckie Day a Planet then Ruling which Portended the downfall of Monarchy They were found Guilty of High Treason and Executed at Tyburn The Month of May was without Action only in the beginning thereof the Fleet being ready to set Sail His Majesty and the Duke of York went down to see the Condition thereof and having staid there three days return'd to White-Hall Toward the latter end of May the Earl of Sandwich His Majesties Extraordinary Embassadour Arriv'd at Madrid and the Lord Hollis return'd from his Embassie in France The Fleet was now ready under the Conduct of Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle But while they are searching for the Enemy it will not be amiss to relate a Combate of lesser Note for the Honour of the English Courage abroad as well as at home The Guiny Frigate being in the Port of Lisbon found there a French Man of War the Captain whereof bragg'd what he would do when the Guiny Frigat should dare to put to Sea Which Captain Coite understanding stood out to Sea expecting when the French Champion would follow but he consulting more his own security than his honour was content to let the Guiny Frigat tire her self with attendance so that the Captain having stay'd
own Lands for the Publick benefit and to remit the Duties arising from Hearth-money for seven Years to all that should Erect any New Buildings according to his Declaration And therefore Valentine Knight for presuming to Print certain Propositions for Re-building the City with considerable advantages to the Crown was Committed to Custody as being repugnant to the Gracious offers of the King After this Distraction in the City the Parliament met at Westminster according to the time limited at their last Prorogation to whom the King expressed his satisfaction to see them so happily met again making known to them the Progress and vast Expenses of the War and the urgent occasion of supply Whereupon the House resolv'd that the humble and hearty thanks of the House should be return'd to the King for his great Care in the Management of the War and that they would supply him proportionably to his Occasions and afterwards in a Body attended the King in the Banqueting-House to signifie the same to his Majesty in order whereunto they Voted a Supply of 1800000 l. In relation to which in Ianuary following they passed an Act for raising money by a Pole and otherwise toward the maintenance of the present War to which the King gave his Royal Assent in the House of Lords But that not being thought sufficient they so diligently ply'd their business that in February they passed another Act for granting the Sum of Twelve hundred and fifty thousand three hundred and forty seven pounds thirteen shillings for the same reasons and upon the same occasion as the former And to shew their readiness to forward the Re-building of the City they passed another Act for Erecting a Court of Judicature to determine all differences touching Houses Burn'd or Demolish'd in the Fire which with an Act for the Relief of Prisoners was the chief business of this Session being upon the 8 th of February Prorogu'd till the 10 th of October following That Fire which had lay'd the City of London in Ashes now threatned the City of Westminster and the Kings Palace it self having by the misfortune of a Candle falling into the straw violently seiz'd upon the Horse-Guard in the Tilt-yard over against White-Hall burning down the North-West part of the Building but being so close under the King 's own Eye it was by the timely help which the King and the Duke of York caus'd to be apply'd in a very short time stop'd and wholly master'd About this time complaint was made by several Merchants of the ill dealings of the Inhabitants of the Canary-Islands in enhansing the Prizes of their Wines Banishing the English Consul and Factors out of the Island of Tenariff publickly declaring against the Loading or Unloading of the English Ships with other severe dealings with the Merchants of England Traâ—ing thither Upon consideration whereof the King put forth a Proclamation Prohibiting the Importing of any Wines of the growth of the Canary-Islands and all Trade and Commerce with those Parts And at the same time another Proclamation came forth Prohibiting the Importation of any Manufactures Wines Merchandizes or Commodities whatsoever of the Growth of France or of any Lands Territories or Places belonging to the French King No less care was taken for suppressing the Insolencies of the Papists upon the humble Address of the Lords and Commons made to the King to that purpose And therefore all Popish Priests and Jesuits were by publick Proclamation likewise Commanded by a prefix'd time to depart the Kingdom And now the King to justifie his Breaking with Denmark Published a Deduction of all the Transactions of Affairs between Himself and the King of Denmark with his Declaration of War against the said King and the Motives that oblig'd him thereto wherein the King alledges that he had been unavoidably provok'd by the King of Denmark by many Aspersions Indignities and breach of Faith which that King had offered him making the Assault made by His Majesties Ships in the Port of Berghen the Ground of his late entring into a League Offensive and Defensive with the States of the Vnited Provinces whereas in truth his Majesty had the Freedom of that Port frankly offer'd him by the King of Denmark himself at a time when his Majesty thought nothing of it and that in order to the doing those very Acts of Hostility wherewith he was then reproach'd And for a good Omen of his Majesties Success in the beginning of November came News That the Vice-Admiral of Denmark was taken by some of His Majesties Frigats upon the Coast of Scotland Too long had the City now lain in Ashes when Sir George Moore a Proprietor in some Houses in Fleetstreet upon promise of conforming to the Model Form and Scantling set by the Committee appointed by the King for that purpose had liberty given him to begin that great Work which was soon after followed with that Expedition and Beauty that none could imagine but they who beheld it It was a Year of Wonders and this not the least which happen'd in the County of Lincoln where at a place call'd Welborn after a Prodigious Thunder with Hail-stones as big as Pigeons eggs there follow'd a Storm and Tempest with so great violence that it threw down most of the Houses to the ground broke down and tore up Trees by the Roots dispersing the Corn and Hay from thence going to the next Village call'd Willington it threw down some Houses which with the fall kill'd two Children thence proceeding to Nanby it fell so violently upon the Church that it dash'd the Spire in pieces tearing and rending the Church it self both in the Body and Timber-work so that it left little of the Wall standing with the body of the Steeple It was observed to run only in a Chaâ—el which had it held any considerable breadth could not but have Ruin'd a considerable part of the County But that which after so many severe Calamities reviv'd the Hearts of the City was the absolute ceasing of her devouring Enemy The Sickness in acknowledgment whereof the King order'd a publick day of Thanksgiving In Scotland there happen'd a Riot of no small consequence at Dumfreeze where some persons having gathered the people of the Neighbouring Parishes to the number of about two hundred arm'd with Clubs and Sythes took Sir Iames Turner out of his Bed carried him naked into the Market-place and had much ado to be restrain'd from cutting him in pieces for his severity as they pretended in exacting Fines upon Nonconformists Nor was this contemptible number long ere they increased to a considerable force in all 1600 men and were marching within four miles of Edenburgh when hearing that the whole Country was up in Arms against them they thought it more convenient to return but being set upon by Lieutenant-Colonel Dyel and Major-General Drummond neer Glencarn-Kirk they were totally defeated 500 slain upon the place and
the Holy-days it being then Easter-week tumultuously took upon 'um to pull down Houses of ill fame about the Suburbs according to former practises though their chief designe was to Steal and Plunder Some mischief they did and more intended had they not been dispers'd by the Guards of Horse The Scandal lay upon the Prentices but afterwards it appear'd otherwise Four of the number that were apprehended were upon Tryal found Guilty and Executed two of their Heads being set upon London-Bridge The twelfth of this Moneth the King went to the House of Lords where he was presented by the House with several Bills the chief whereof was one for the raising of 310000 l. by way of Imposition upon Wines and other Liquors which being pass'd with the rest the Parliament was adjourn'd till the 11 th of August next ensuing The place of Lord Chief-Justice of the Common-Pleas being vacant Sir Iohn Vaughan was at the latter end of this Moneth solemnly Sworn Serjeant at Law and being the next day advanc'd to the vacant Dignity aforesaid took his place accordingly in Court. This Moneth arrived News that came then too soon of the burning of the Bridge-Town being the chief place of Trade in the Barbadoes the Fire not only consuming the greatest part of the Houses but also blowing up the Magazine to the great detriment of the publick as well as private persons But as it fares with most convenient Situations all hands going to work it quickly flourished again being above half rebuilt before the latter end of the year His Majesty had his Embassadors of Envoys in most other parts of Christendom only Spain and therefore having first conferr'd the Honour of Knighthood upon Sir William Godolphin hs made choice of him to reside as his Embassador in the Court of the Catholick King sending him away with all convenient speed And to keep a Correspondence with the Grand Signior for the good of the Merchants Sir Daniel Harvey was sent much about the same time Embassador to Constantinople These were no sooner gone but Monsieur Colbert arriv'd at London as Embassador from the King of France At the beginning of this Moneth the Duke of York went for Dover neer which place in a Tent erected for that purpose he took the usual Oath of Warden of the Cinque Ports And to shew that his Majesty was not unmindful of keeping a Watch upon the Proceedings of the Netherlands it was not long after that Sir William Temple now the King's Embassador Extraordinary in Holland made his publick Entry into the Hague and had his Audience of the Deputies of the States It was in August expected the Parliament should have met again but the King by his Proclamation for great and weighty considerations adjourn'd them to the tenth of November ensuing In November upon the Resignation of the Lord Gerrard the Duke of Monmouth receives the Command of the Life-guards of Horse being openly conferrd upon him by the King Some few days after Pietro Mocenigo Embassador from the Republick of Venice made his publick Entry and had Audience of his Majesty And now Mr. Secretary Maurice growing old and tiâ—'d with State-Affairs craves leave of the King to make a resignation of his most important employment which being consented to by his Majesty Sir Iohn Trevor Knight succeeded him who at the same time taking the usual Oaths of a Privy-Councellor soon after was admitted to take his place at the Council-board Nor was the King less careful of the Church than State this Moneth being famous for the Consecration of that Learned Prelate Dr. Iohn Wilkins Bishop of Chester in the Chappel of Ely-House His Majesty's Navy though considerable had done little else but shew'd its Grandeur all this Summer when on a suddain Sir Thomas Allen being dispatch'd for the Mediterranean appears before Argier where though at first they stood upon their terms yet when they saw him preparing to use force their Stomacks began to come down so that they immediately offer'd a release of all the Captive English which had been taken by them belonging to Tangier They also agreed to the former Peace made between the King of England and them with some additions which were signed by them and Sir Thomas Allen to this effect That all their Captains should be commanded to let all English Vessels pass without damage or molestation upon their shewing English Colours If in any Vessel the English were equal to the Strangers then they should be free if the Strangers exceeded the English then Lawful Prize however if they shew'd an English Pass to be let go That none of their little Frigats with Oars shall stop any Vessel laden with Provisions or Ammunition for Tangâ—er That they shall not deliver any of their little Frigats with Oars to any of the Salley-men to make use of That if any of their little Vessels intended for Tangier they should take a Pass from the English Consul at Argier From thence he sail'd for Tripoli at whose appearance the King of the place sent out a Brigantine and a Favourite of his to bid him welcome assuring him of his readiness to keep and maintain the ancient Friendship and continue the Articles already agreed on The Parliament who had adjourn'd themselves to the first of March were about the middle of this Moneth by the King's Proclamation Prorogu'd for many weighty and urgent reasons till the tenth of October following The Births of Princes and Princesses oftentimes the subjects of Great Histories are never to be omitted Therefore was this Moneth not a little signalized seeing the Dutchess of York was about the middle thereof deliver'd of a Daughter which was Baptized by the Name of Henrietta by the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury the Duke of Ormond assisting as Godfather the Marchioness of Dorchester and the Countess of Devonshire being honour'd for Godmothers The King in testimonie of his Amity with Spain had sent Sir Edward Sprague as his Envoy to complement the Constable oâ— Castile upon his Entry upon the Government of the Spanish Netherlands who having perform'd what he had in charge return'd at the latter end of this Moneth That which compleated the double date of this Year was the coming of the Prince of Tuscany to compleat his Travels by a view of England where after he had been magnificently Treated by the King himself both at London and Windsor and in many other Cities and places by several of the Nobility and persons of Quality of this Kingdom he departed for Holland and so to his own Country Forrein Affairs 1668. The Differences at Avignon being compos'd the Citizens sent two Embassadors one on the behalf of the Nobility the other of the Commonalty to Rome who being admitted into the presence of the Pope sware Fâ—alty to him after the usual manner and shew'd their great Satisfaction of the choise which the Pope had made of Cardinal Rospigliosi his Nephew to
Reside there as his Legate France may be thought to have no kindness for the Jesuits however the most Christian King could not be said to do amiss not to let 'um Triumph over their Superiors for Complaint being made that the Jesuits in the Diocess of Fambers had refus'd to give Obedience to the Bishop of that Diocess the King gave leave to the Bishop to proceed against them by Excommunication according to the Priviledges of the Gallicane Church whereupon the Bishop suspended them from all their Functions forbidding them to Preach Teach or Confess any person within the Territories of his Diocess The King of France being now Master of several Towns of Flanders late under the Jurisdiction of the Spaniards and having totally reduc'd the County of Burgundy under his Subjection of which in favour of the Prince of Conde he immediately granted two Reversions one to the Duke D' Enguien Son of the said Prince and the other to the Duke of Bourbon his Grand-Child thought it convenient to listen to the Mediation then proffer'd by several Princes of Europe chiefly by the King of England and the States of the Vnited Netherlands so that a Treaty was concluded upon and Aix la Chapelle appointed the Place for the Commissioners to meet in In the mean time while the Spaniards lay upon their Demurs a League was Concluded by the Mediation of the Earl of Sandwich the King of Englands Embassador at Lisbon between the two Crowns of Spain and Portugal a League of sincere and perpetual Peace containing a Release of Prisoners Nullity of Confiscations Freedom of Commerce and such other Usual Articles which were in Six Months after Publication to be Confirm'd and Ratifi'd by the King of Great Britain And now as if the General Design of Europe were Peace the Commissioners meet at Aix la Chapelle for the King of England Sir William Temple for the Dutch Mr. Beverning for the French Monsieur Colbert for the King of Spain the Baron of Bergeick who having some time before Sign'd Provisional Articles in order to a final Conclusion whereby a suspension of Arms was granted and the March of the French Army Countermanded at length fell seriously to their Work so that by the second of May the Articles of General Peace were sign'd by the Plenipotentiaries of both Kings and afterwards Proclaim'd through all the Chief places of France Spain and Flanders to the general content of Europe and satisfaction of the Mediators But notwithstanding this fair Peace the Spaniards did not like the Neighbourhood of the French and therefore would have made an Exchange of some other Territories of theirs lying farther off for that oâ— Frâ—nche Comâ—e On the otherside the French not satisfi'd with what they had got Claim'd several Towns as dependencies upon their late Conquests as the Towns of Conde Newport and other places Hereupon to end these differences and to settle the bounds of the French Jurisdiction Commissioners are appointed to meet at Lille but they determine nothing upon which the French King makes a positive demand of all that he Challeng'd and the Spaniards Order the several Commanders to have a care of the Defence of their several Charges In which posture we leave 'um hatching new Discords for this Year Leaving these great Actors upon the Stage of the World we are coming to one who is making his Exit for the King of Poland at the beginning of the Year had signifiâ—â— to the publick Dyet of that Kingdom his Resolution to make a Resignation many applications were made to him whether Real or out of Ceremony not here to be determin'd that he would please to change his purpose and some other delays happen'd as in a matter of so great importance so that the Ceremony was not perform'd till September at which time the King appearing in the publick Assembly and in a pathetick Speech insisting on his misfortune to meet with such bad times and desiring pardon for what had been done amiss during the time of his Raign departed out of the Assembly and in his own Coach leaving the Castle went to a private House he had in the City The Nobility would have attended him but he refus'd it But there were enough that ardently coveted what he had so calmly forsaken The Duke of Muscovy was urgent for his own Son The Emperour for the Prince of Lorrain And the French King for the Duke of Newburg a Creature of his own But the Pole refus'd all but more especially the French whose Embassador the Bishop of Bezieres they would not endure should stay in the Kingdom to have any finger in the Election Nor was any thing this Year concluded In Holland Monsieur Cariâ—ius put a very hard Riddle to the States When they would be pleas'd to pay his Majesty the King of Denmark several sums of Money which he pretended to be due upon Promise particularly 400000 Rixdollars from the States of Holland and 14000 from those of Amsterdam This Question occasion'd many Debates and Conferences and was at length put to the Arbitration of the King of France Now for varieties sake and to shew there was some Justice at Rome I must not omit an Act of the Pope at this time raigning A Complaint being Exhibited to his Holiness by a person of Tivoli that whereas he had liv'd several years with his Mother with great content and satisfaction upon an Estate of 1500 Dollars per Annum His Mother falling sick was during her sickness so far prevail'd upon by a Jesuit her Confessor that she had by Will given away all the Estate to the Order not reserving any thing for the subsistance of him her Son The Pope extreamly dissatisfi'd with this Complaint sent for his own Confessor and in very severe Language commanded him to finde out the General and in his Name to require him to write to the Superior at Tivoli to restore the Petitioner his Land again Nor must we omit now we are at Rome the Canonization of an American Virgin named Rosa a Nun in a Covent of St. Dominick For every body in England does not understand what a glorious thing it is to be made a Saint The Church was hung with Tapistry and Inscriptions in honour of the New Saint on the Altar stood her Image and about it the Arms of the Pope the King of Spain the Kingdom of Peru and this Religious Dominican During the Te Deum one of the Cannons of St. Peters Church was fir'd a great number of Drums and Trumpets sounding and several Vollies of shot given by a Squadron of Germans drawn up neer the Church After which a solemn Mass was sung by six Quires of Musick In the Afternoon the Pope heard Vespers in the same Church present several Cardinals with the Embassadors and Ministers of Forrein Princes and the Evening spent in Lights and Fire-works The Venetians are busied for the defence of their Candia and by the Assistance of the French hold the Turk hard to it this
year besides that their Admiral Morosini with Twenty five Gallies some few Galliasses and several Fireships engaging above One hundred of the Turks Gallies with Sixty Saicks burnt sunk and took the greatest part of them among the rest of his Prisoners Two Bashaws with six Months Provision and Ammunition for supply of the Besiegers The success of Gayland an Enemy of the English must not be omitted who being at Argilla and hearing of a great Defeat given by Taffalette to Ben Buker wherein Ben Buker himself was taken Prisoner and that there was little hopes of getting another Army into the Field to oppose the Conquerour and finding how the ill news work'd upon his own people who began to threaten to desert him unless their wants were supplied he got out of Argilla with 300 men and Transported himself for Argier At this time about the beginning of March the King of Portugal having caus'd his Brother the King to resigne married the Queen and was by the three Estates of that Kingdom confirm'd in his Regency and in a solemn manner they swore Obedience to him accordingly Now though all things went well at home on the French side yet they had not the success which they promis'd themselves at Madagascar where by engaging themselves in other peoples Quarrels they not onely lost many Men but carrying themselves too high and imperious and forcing the Inhabitants to carry their Arms for them the Natives taking hold of the opportunity fell so heartily upon their new Lords that they destroy'd the greatest part of them But Queen Christina having disintrigu'd her self out of these Hurly-burlies at the latter end of the Year arriv'd at Rome where her entertainment was Pompous and Magnificent Nor did the Pope himself the next day disdain to give her a visit in his own proper person glad no question of so Eminent a Proselyte Anno Dom. 1669. THe 25 th of March being past the Year 1669 begins A Year wherein there could be nothing more calm and quiet than the surface of the English Affairs had not the future effects of its silent contrivances made it appear that though action fail'd 't was busie enough in Council Therefore Envoys and Embassadors were frequently employed a most certain Prognostick of active designes About the beginning of the Year the Earl of Carlisle was sent Embassador Extraordinary to Sweden While he repos'd himself in Copenhagen in which Court he was well known he receiv'd a Letter sent after him by the King of England in return of a very obliging Letter from the King of Denmark with the receipt whereof the King of Denmark was so well satisfied and pleased that at the seasonable instance of his Lordship he was pleas'd to cause his Orders to be dispers'd to all his Ports particularly to his Custom-places and Havens in Norway for restoring the Engish Trading to any part of his Kingdom or Dominions and the same priviledges which they formerly enjoy'd according to the Treaty concluded in the Year 1660. Being arriv'd in Sweden among other Transactions he had a private Audience in which he presented the King of Sweden with the little George worn by the Knights of the Order of the Garter which the King received with great expressions of joy being after that solemnly and publickly by a particular Commission presented and invested by the said Earl with all the peculiar Habits and Ornaments belonging to the said Order Other Embassadors were sent to other parts as Mr. Montague Extraordinary for France Sir Peter Wyche for Muscovy In Iuly the Earl of Winchelsey return'd from his Embassie at Constantinople Nor can History be so ungrateful to Learning as to bury in silence the Honour due to its most bountiful advancers It was therefore this Year that the University of Oxford being assembled in a full Body went to take possession of the New Theatre the magnificent gift of Dr. Sheldon Arch-Bishop of Canterbury where after the reading his Grace's Grant by the Register of the University Dr. South the University-Orator made a Speech sutable to the occasion After which several Panegyricks were pronounc'd in Prose and Verse concluding the Ceremony with several sorts 〈◊〉 Musick both Vocal and Instrumental But in the King's Ears the discords of Schism were more unpleasing for now from several parts of the Kingdom came several Informations that they who separated themselves from the established Worship met in greater numbers than formerly to such a degree as to endanger the publick Peace and greatly to the contempt of the Kings Indulgence to Tender Consciences which forc'd the King to issue out his Proclamation for the suppressing of such Meetings by putting the Laws in execution and proceeding particularly against the Preachers Learning always deserves an honourable Mecaenas and therefore the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury having upon satisfactory reasons refus'd the Vice-Chancellorship of Oxford Dr. Fell with the greatest part of the Body of the Convocation meeting at Worcester-house Install'd the Duke of Ormond Chancellor of that University The King was now diverting himself together with the Duke of York in the New Forest in Hampshire when they both receiv'd an express of the Death of their Mother the Queen Dowager of England who died upon the last of August at Colâ—mbe after a long Indisposition and decay of Health which made them both repair with all speed to Hampton-court Her body was for some time expos'd with usual Ceremonies in the Gallery of St. Columbes after which her Heart was in a Silver-Vessel inscrib'd with her Name and Title carried to the Monastery of Chaliot Her Body was carried to St. DeniÌ„s and plac'd in a Chappel behinde the Quire In November following she was buried after the Form and Magnificence which was formerly used at the Funeral of the Queen-Mother This Moneth brought us news that the Enemy was more than ordinarily busie about Tangier appearing often and in great numbers both of Horse and Foot They laid two considerable Ambushes to have surâ—riz'd the Garrison but one was discovered by the Sentinels the other by the barking of Dogs purposely kept there by the People and Souldiers by which means they were beaten off with considerable loss This not taking effect they appeared next day on the other side of the Town and gave the occasion of a smart dispute for an hour but were thence also forc'd to retire much to their disadvantage This made them quiet for some time when on a suddain they again shew'd themselves behinde a Hill neer a Fort call'd Iames's Fort here as the Onset was powerful so they met with equal resistance and a courage so much superiour as quickly forc'd 'um to leave the Enterprize and many of their men behinde with the loss only of one Corporal which this Year ended all the trouble of that Garrison The Duke of Ormond had been some time since call'd out of Ireland who thereupon left his Son the Lord Ossory to command in his
agreed upon by the Respective Ministers meeting at the Spanish Embassador's-House at the Hague where they sign'd and exchang'd all acts thereto belonging Anno Dom. 1670. IN the beginning of April the Parliament having prepar'd several Acts ready for the King to signe the King came to the House of Lords and gave his Royal Assent signifying also his consent for an Adjournment till the 24 of October ensuing having only granted the King an Imposition upon all Wines and Vinegar for such a certain time And prepar'd a Bill to Authorize such Commissioners as the King should nominate for treating with the Scotch Commissioners in order to the Union desir'd This Moneth also the Lord Iohn Berkley arriv'd in Dublin to succeed the Lord Roberts as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland who upon weighty considerations was call'd back again into England And now in this time of leisure the Princess of Orleans comes to Dover to visit her two Brothers his Majesty and the Duke of York her stay in England was short and her stay in this World not much longer for in a short while after her return into France she departed this life the Court of England being not only grieved but astonished at the suddenness of her death Upon some apprehension of private designes a Proclamation was issu'd out commanding all Souldiers and Officers who had serv'd under the late Usurped Powers to depart the City and not to come within twenty miles of the same for a prefix'd time and in the mean while not to wear Arms upon a severe penalty The Parliament of Scotland now sitting and understanding what the Parliament of England had done in that Affair the Act for the Treaty of Union pass'd both Houses at Edenburgh and was touch'd by the Commissioner with the Royal Scepter of which although the designe were of high concernment yet because the Event was not correspondent it will be enough to say that the Commissioners on both sides had often Conferences and great encouragements from the King but it met with so many delays and difficulties that as a thing not to be compass'd it was at length laid aside The King was every year very intent upon the suppression of the Pyrates of Argier which was the only War he now had wherein though his Commanders had prosper'd by taking particular Prizes and single Ships yet never could they meet with a Body of those Rovers to signalize their Courage till now neither was this a Body of above seaven men of War too many for the Algerines to run the Fate they did There were the Hampshire Portsmouth Iersey and Centurion Frigats under the Command of Captain Beach these met the seven Argier Men of War the least of which had 38 Guns and full of Men who after a short dispute were forc'd to run all their Ships ashore where they were all burn'd two by themselves and the rest by the English besides the loss of most of their men and the Redemption of 250 Christian Captives Valour gets Renown but Cowardise Disgrace therefore Captain Iohn Peirce and Andrew Legate for the loss of the Saphire Fregat in the Streights were both about this time which was in September try'd for their Lives at a Court Marshal held upon the River of Thames where it plainly appearing that the said Frigat was basely and shamefully lost through the default and cowardise of the said Captain and Lieutenant they were both Condemn'd to be Shot to Death and soon after both Executed Both Houses of Parliament re-assembl'd according to their Adjournment This Month the Ratification of the Peace between England and Spain beyond the Line was agree'd and Ratifi'd and the Ratifications Exchang'd and Notice given to the Governors in those Parts for the punctual observation thereof on both sides In the mean while the Prince of Orange Arrives to give his Uncle a Visit He came to London upon the 30th of October but his stay here was not long However he visited both the Universities and his entertainmenâ— was in all places answerable to the Dignity of his Person His coming no question had a Mysterie in it but Mysteries of State are not to be div'd into However at the beginning of the Spring he return'd well satisfi'd both as to his Publick Reception and private Concerns In November Sir Thomas Allen return'd home with his Squadron having made many attempts upon the Pyrates of Argier whose Cowardice still shuning the English Force made the Voyage seem the less successful leaving Sir Edward Sprage in his Room December seldom passes without some act of Villany one more remarkable was at this time perform'd for the Duke of Ormond going home in his Coach was between St. Iames'â— and Clarendon-House by six persons Arm'd and Mounted forc'd out of his Coach and set behind one of the Company who was riding away with him but he was at length Rescu'd partly by his own strength partly by others coming to his Assistance A Fact which rendred the performers not so bold as it render'd the Duke Memorable in his Forgiveness Sir Edward Sprage was now the King's Admiral in the Mediterranean Sea of whose Action the next year must give a farther Accompt The Parliament having at this time compleated several Acts the King came to the House and gave his Royal Assent to them being chiefly for Regulation of the Law and for an Additional Excise upon Beer and Ale During this Session the Lords and Commons by their Humble Petition Represented to the King Their fears and apprehensions of the growth and encrease of the Popish Religion whereupon the King in compliance with their desires by His Proclamation commanded all Iesuits and English Irish and Scotch Priests and all others that had taken Orders from the See of Rome except such as were by Contract of Marriage to wait upon the Queen or Forreign Embassadors to depart the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales upon pain of having the Laws and Statutes of the Realm inflicted upon them Forrein Affairs 1670. The first occurrence of Moment is the Election of the new Pope Cardinal Altieri who at first refus'd the Honour but the perswasion of the Cardinals prevailing he told them they had open'd upon Him the Gates of Hell and so yielded to their importunity He had no Nephews and therefore Adopted Cardinal Paluzzi whose Brother had Married his Neece And now the Grandeur of the House of Orange began to revive again The States Concluding in a full Assembly his admission into the Council of State and setling an honourable Pension upon him Nor was he long without the Title of their Captain General by Sea and Land In Flanders some Alteration happen'd by reason that the Constable of Castile growing sickly could not abide the trouble of business any longer he departed privately to Ostend and so by Sea for Spain in his place the Count de Monterey was soon advanced While Tangier makes us concern'd
with the Moors our nearest Neighbours we must not omit the Actions of those people whose Losses and Successes are to be narrowly observ'd by the English either their Allyes or Enemies Taffalette therefore having Intelligence that the people of Suz had united their Forces with those of Sancta Cruz march'd toward the farther part of Suz with an Army of 140000 Men which at first so Terrified those people that they presented him with their Leaders Head and with great submission begg'd his Pardon In confidence of this Taffalette Marches toward Sancta Cruz but the people Repenting of what they had done underhand renew'd a League with the Governor of that Town and unexpectedly setting upon the Army of Taffalette quite routed it and slew Taffalet's Brother who led the Van himself only escaping with four Horse but being soon recruited he return'd to Sancta Cruz and took it and in a short while recover'd what he had so unadvisedly lost But that which made the greatest noise in the World was the suddain Invasion of Loraine by the King of France For the surprise of which Country Marshal Crequi being sent with a great Army he over-ran the Country like a mighty Torrent insomuch that by the beginning of Winter there was scarce a Town in Lorraine that was not at the French Devotion The designe of the King of France was to lay aside the old Duke and confer the Dutchy on Prince Charles on condition that he should raise the Fortifications of Chastel and Espinal and give up to the King the Marquisate of Nomende Certain it was the King of France did send to the said Prince then at Vienna to offer him the Possession of Lorrain on condition he would hold it of him and to maintain no greater Number of Forces than he should think fit telling him withal that he were best have a care that upon his refusal the Duke of Guise did not accept of it upon the same terms The old Duke thus outed of all wandred up and down from place to place begging Ayd of the Neighbouring Princes who promis'd fair but did little more than come to a conditional Agreement for the raysing Forces for the common good and safety of the Empire This Alarm'd not only the Dutch on the one side but the Switzers on the other the Effect of which was that it made them both careful to put themselves into the best posture of Defence they might While this part of Europe is thus preparing for Mischief we find Russia over-whelm'd with an Inundation of Rebellion where one Stephen Radskin a Tumultuous Ring-leader having Poyson'd the Rabble with the fair pretences of Liberty the common motives to Insurrection of a small Snow-bal grew to a mountainous Number and having seiz'd the great Kingdoms of Astracan and Casan and got into his Possession the Treasures of the Great Duke in the chief City of Astracan he grew Potent and Formidable and made up for the City of Mosco it self taking upon him the Title of Duke Radzin But at length after a short Reign and having glutted himself with the Blood of as many Muscovitish Nobility as fell into his Power he was overthrown by Dolkerouski General to the Emperor and his whole Power totally disperst Anno Dom. 1671. IN the beginning of this Year dyed Her Royal Highness Anne Dutchess of York Wife to his Royal Highness the Duke of York and Daughter to the Earl of Clarendon being shortly after privately Interr'd in Henry the Seventh's Chappel at Westminster The Parliament still sitting had by this time prepar'd several other Acts ready for the Kings Royal Assent which the King being present in the House of Lords as readily pass'd The chiefest and most of Publick Concern was The Addition which they made to the King's Revenue by an Imposition upon Proceedings at Law not being unmindful of setling such differences as might arise about Houses burn'd in the Fire of London taking care also to prevent the Disorders of Seamen and the Imbezelment of the King's Stores After which they were again Prorogu'd to the 16th of April next ensuing However before they disperst both Houses met in a Body in the Banqueting-House where they made an 〈…〉 That the King would be pleased by His own Example to 〈…〉 the constant wearing the Manufactures of his own Kingdom and discountenance the use of Manufactures made in Forrein Countries who kindly receiving the Address told them That he had as little us'd in his own Person Forrein Manufacturs as any and would discountenance them for the future in those that should Nor must we pass by the Death of the Earl of Manchester Lord Chamberlain of His Majesties Houshold a Knight of the Garter and a Privy Councellor though his loss was soon recompenc'd by the succession of the Earl of St. Albans Soon after dy'd the Lord Chief Justice Keeling into whose Place the Lord Chief Justice Hale was immediately Sworn in his Place Sir Edward Turnor was made Lord Chief Baron and Sir Francis North Sollicitor-General Nor was it fit the Offices of such Eminent Ministers of Justice should be vacant when such Criminals were to be examin'd as were soon after discovered For upon the ninth of this Moneth four men coming to the Keeper of the Jewel-House in the Morning and desiring to see the Regal Crown were carried into the Room where it was kept but they Stabbing and Gagging the Keeper an ancient man and putting the Crown and Ball into two Bags which they had brought for that purpose fairly walk'd away and had almost past all the Sentinels but the Son-in-law of the Keeper casually passing by and seeing the condition his Father lay in run out hastily crying out to the Guards to stop 'um upon this they mending their pace made their own discovery Being then commanded to stand they fir'd a Pistol at the Sentinel but two of them were presently seized carried to White-hall and after Examination sent back again to the Tower to be kept close Prisoners where they had committed the Fact To make an annual Record of St. George's Feast is not necessary but of this as being more singularly Signal it may not be expedient to omit the rehearsal For now it was that the Earl of Carlisle introduc'd between his Royal Highness and Prince Rupert was Install'd as Proxie for the King of Sweden and the Earl of Winchelsey between the Duke of Ormond and the Duke of Buckingham was Install'd as Proxie for the Duke of Saxony both which Princes were invested the year before After them the Duke of Albemarle between the Earl of Sandwich and the Earl of Oxford was Invested in his own Stall Iune was Crown'd with the success of Sir Edward Sprague who being now the King's Admiral in the Mediterranean-Sea met with nine Men of War belonging to Argier together with three Merchant-men neer Bugia who upon his appearance retir'd under the shelter of the Castle and put themselves into the best posture
While the King of England is preparing his Fleet by Sea the King of France leaving the Management of Affairs at home in the Hands of the Queen begins his March at the Head of his Main Army himself and first he Arrives at Charleroy the chief place of Rendezvous whence he sends to Montery to assure him that though he were constrain'd to March through those Countries yet he would take care that not the least Act of Hostility should be committed Toward the beginning of May Turenne appear'd within a League of Maestricht which was soon after wholly Blockt up in which condition the King leaving it March'd directly with the gross of his Army toward Rhinebergh In the mean while at Sea the English Fleet being in all English and French 160 Sayl had often sight of the Dutch But upon the 28th of this Month about five of the Clock in the Morning a most brisk Fight began near the Bay of Southwold The Blew Squadron first Engag'd and the Royal Iames was the first Ship that fir'd next to which his Royal Highness who was becalm'd but the Blew Squadron and the French having a Gale came up with the Duke and Fought briskly In the Afternoon of the day the Soveraign St. Andrew and about 20 more getting the Weather-gage of the Dutch were hotly Engag'd about which time the Iames being over-presâ— with Number of Men of War and Fireships a Flag-ship of the Dutch lay'd himself athwart his Hawser but finding his Entertainment too hot cry'd out for quarter whereupon the English entring and leaving the Iames naked the Fireships took their advantage two of which were sunk the third took place and fir'd a stout ship where the Earl of Sandwich perish'd for want of Relief but his Captain Captain Haddock escap'd with a shot in his Thigh The Henry and Two other ships more were likewise disabled At Night the Dutch stood away which the Duke perceiving stood after them keeping in sight of their Lights all Night In the afternoon of the next day the Duke hors'd up his Bloody Flag and bore lasking upon the Dutch intending a second Engagement but on a suddain there fell such a thick Mist with much Wind that they could not see a ships length about an hour and a half after it cleer'd up again and the Bloody Flag was put out a second time but the Fog coming thick again nothing could be done Whereupon the Duke finding himself near the Oyster-Bank Tack'd about stood away some Leagues and came to an Anchor there he staid all Night and the next Morning till Ten a Clock but could hear nothing of the Enemy who were retir'd to the shallows of their own Coast. In this Engagement were lost out-right the Earl of Sandwich Captain Digby in the Henry Sir Iohn Cox in the Prince Sir Freschevile Hollis Monsieur de la Rabinier the French Rear-Admiral with several others several others Wounded about seven hundred Common Sea-men slain and as many Wounded and the Royal Iames only Burn'd In the Henry not an Officer was left alive and above half the Men slain The Katharine was taken and the Captain put on Board a Dutch ship and the Men clapt under Hatches the Dutch going about to Fire the ship at what time a French Sloop came in and cut away the Fireships Boat and then the English finding a way to break out upon the Dutch redeem'd both themselves and the ship and brought away Sixteen of the Dutch Prisoners that were a little before their Masters On the Dutch side were lost Admiral Van Ghent and Captain Brakhel most of their great ships miserably torn among the rest two sunk one by the Earl of Sandwich another by Sir Edward Sprage one taken and one Burn'd besides a very great loss of Common Sea-men another great Vessel suppos'd to be a Flag-ship was seen to sink neer Alborough and several others that were missing suppos'd to be sunk or burn'd As this was no small loss at Sea considering some advantage they had to be beaten into their own Ports so was their loss as great by Land the French having at the same time taken Rhineberg Wesel Oysup and Burick Groll Borkelo taken by the Bishop of Munster and after them Rees Sckenk-Sconce and several others underwent the same Fate possessed by the French Nor was this all for the French without much resistance had now forc'd their Passage over the Rhine neer Tolbuys This neer Approach of the French bred such a Confusion in the Netherlands that many of the most wealthy Inhabitants forsook the Country not willing to hazard their Persons and Estates in a Country falling into the hands of a Victorious Forreigner The States also themselves remov'd from the Hague to Amsterdam for their better security opening the Sluces and putting the Country round under Water to the dammage of above 18 Millions of Gilders The King of England being throughly informed of these Proceedings puts forth a seasonable Declaration signifying That if any of the Low Country Subjects either out of Affection to His Majesty or his Government or because of the oppression they meet with at home from their Governours should come into his Kingdoms they should be Protected in their Persons and Estates that they should have an Act for their Naturalization and that all such Ships and Vessels as they should bring along with them should be accompted as English built and enjoy the same Priviledges and Immunities as to Trade Navigation and Customs as if they had been built in England or belong'd to his own Subjects And to restrain the Licentious Tongues of those that were apt to talk too busily and sawcily of State-Affairs the King did farther by his Proclamation forbid all his loving Subjects either by Writing or Speaking to divulge or utter false News or Reports or to intermeddle in matters of Government or with any of his Majesties Councellors or Ministers in their common Discourses All this while the Dutch at Land began to be more and more streightned for on the one side the King of France was Advanc'd within Three Leagues of Amsterdam Arnhem Vtrecht and Zutphen and Emmerick surrendred up to him on the other side the Bishop of Munster press'd hard upon Frizeland having taken Deventer Groll Borkelo Doetechem and several other Places of lesser Consequence insomuch that the People began to Tumult in all places but more especially at Dort whither they sent for the Prince of Orange where as he was at Dinner with the Lords at the Paw being the Principal House in the Town the Burgers who were in Arms surrounded the House and sent up their Captains to tell the Lords That except they presently drew up a Paper and put their Hands to it for declaring the Prince Stadt-holder they would Cut all their Throats whereupon the Paper was immediately drawn up and sign'd by which the said Prince was declar'd Stadt-holder with all the Powers and Authorities in as ample
by which his Subjects are frighted from coming or sending to him That all men of necessary Professions be admitted to come to him Note That His Majesty had suffered his Beard to overgrow in that solitary restraint of near seven Months so that Compassion wooed where Majesty once awed That the Scots may be invited to send their Propositions The King declaring a tendâ—r affection for both his Kingdoms The King appoints Newport for the place of Treaty But urgeth the reconveniencies of Treating so far from London His Majesty 〈◊〉 the Delegates to expedite the Treaty by dispatching their Commissioners The Parliament appoint Commissioners five Lords ten Commoners And desire his Majesties Royal Word for his continuance in the Island till 20 days after the Treaty Their Votes of Non-address repealed His Majesty sends the Parliament a List of such Persons he desired might attend him The Treaty began Sept. 18. The Parliament dissatisfied with the Kings Propositions They send thanks to their Commissioners His Majesties Propositions He is willing to confess himself Author of the War rather than the Peace shall be frustrated That the Assembly of Divines shall sit at Westminster 3 years That the Directory shall be confirmed for 3 years c. That Legal Estates for Lives or Years shall be made of Bishops-lands Provided the Propriety remain in the Church That there be a Reformation and concerning Papists * Thrust in by some rigid Presbyterians and maintained there by the Independants because they knew the King would never Assent to it and so no Conclusion That the two Houses shall dispose of the Militia for 10 years or during his Reign That the affairs of Ireland be determined by the Parliam That Taxes he levied for the payment of the Army and publike Debts That all the Chief Officers of State shall be nominated by the Parl. for 10 years That the Militia of the City of London Liberties for ten years may be in the Lord Mayor Aldermen Common-Council and Sheriffs thereof With the Tower and Chief Officers thereof His Majesty proposeth his liberty to repair to Westminster and to be restored to his Revenues Proffereth an Act of Oblivion to all persons The Parliament imperious Most of their Commissioners dutiful in their behaviour towards the King The Army's Remonstrance at St. Albans The villanous heads thereof That the King be brought to Iustice. That the Prince of Wales and Duke of York render themselves by a certain day or be proclaimed Traytors That the Revenue of the Crown be sequestred That Capital punishments be inflicted on some Chief Instruments in the Wars That all Delinqâ—ents come in by a certain day or their Estates be confiscated and they to die without mercy That Fines Compositions and Confiscations be disposed for the payment of the Souldiery That the Parliament set some period to their own Power That the future Government of of the Kingdom may be setled That no King be hereafter admitted but upon Election And he to accord to these Propositions as they shall be established by the Agreement of the people Something near the same stuff except what toucht the King was Signed by nine Regiments of Horse and seven of Foot and afterward promoted in London by Lieutenant-Colonel Lilburne and Mr. Prince by Petition to the Parliament who condemned both Novemb. 1647. and yet the same Moneth next year it revived The Levellers set on by Cromwel to prosecute this designe The Kings Queries to the Remonstrance A strict Guard put upon the King His Majesties Pathetick Expressions to the Parliaments Commissioners at parting His Majesties Declaration concerning the Treaty and his dislike of the Armies proceedings The Presbyterians satisfied with this Declaration and troubled at the proceedings of the Army His Majesties Letter to the Prince his Son our present Sovereign His excellent Advice to him The Army conspire to force the House The Parliament Vote the Kings Answer satisfactory Dec. 5. The Army require that the Iâ—pâ—aâ—hed Members and Major-General Brown be secured and brought to Iustice The House guarded Col. Pride Col. Hewson and Sir Hardress Waller seize on several Members Dec. 6. Hugh Peters an Agent for the Army in this Designe The Parliament impriâ—oâ—â—d Ireton 's insolent expression Major-General Brown sent prisoner to Windsor Note that Skippon thrust in that clause The Iuncto take upon them to act as a Parliament Rainsborough slain at Doncaster Oct. 29. Scarborough Castle yielded to the Parl. The Army seize the King and carry him from the Isle of Wight to Hurst Castle Dec. 1. From thence to Winchester To Farnham To Windsor The King brought to St. James 's Jan 19. Harrison 's insolent behaviour to the King The Ordinance for Trial of the King brought into the Iuncto by Tho. Scot. They Vote it Treason for the King of England to levy War against his Parliament The Vote and Ordinance carried to the Lords by the Lord Gray of Grooby The Lords cast out the Ordinance and adjourned for 7 days The Commons netled they resolve to rid their hands of King Lords and dissenting Commons An Act of the House of Commons for the Tryal of King Charles the First Jan. 9. Serjeant Dendy makes Proclamation that the Commissioners of the High Court of Iustice were to sit the next day and all persons invited to give in Evidence against Charles Stuart Proclaimed in three places Westminster Cheap-side and the Old Exchange The Names and Câ—aracters of the King's Iudges Cromwel a Native of Huntingdon-shire Ireton his Soâ—-in-law Bradshaw a Cheshire-man died obstinately 1659. He took the Oath of Allegeance but two Terms before the King's death He is rewarded with the Lord Cottington 's Estate and the Dutchy of Lancaster Harrison a Butchers Son at Newcastle in Stafford-shire was executed at Charing-Cross Octob. 1660. John Carew John Cook Sollicitor of the High Court Hugh Peters the shame of the Clergy Thomas Scot a Brewers Clerk his rash wish Gregory Clement a Merchant Adrian Scroop Brother to Sir Adrian John Jones a Serving-man marries Cromwels sister Francis Hacker a Souldier of Fortune Daniel Axtel a Country-Mercer Capt. of the Guard at the Kings Trial. Okey a Chandler near Billingsgate London a daring Commander Miles Corbet of a good Family in Norfolk Burgess for Yarmouth John Berkstead a Goldsmith Lieutenant of the Tower Thom. Pride â— Brewer 〈…〉 Isaac Ewer of 〈…〉 in Yorkshire The Lord Gray of Grooby Son to the Earl of Stamford Sir John Danvers Brother to the Loyal Earl of Danby Sir Tho. Maleverer of a good Family in Yorkshire Sir John Bourchier a diligent Independent Mercenary Col. Purefoy Governour of Coventry John Blakestone a Shop-keeper in Newcastle Sir William Constable of Yorkshire Governour of Gloucester Rich. Dean General at Sea slain by a Cannon shot Fr. Allen a Goldsmith one of the Committees for the saâ—e of Kings Lands Peregrine Pelham Governour of Hull John Moor. John Allured Humph. Edwards a Member of the Long-Parl Sir Gregory Norton John Ven a Silkman Governour of
Windsor castle Th. Andrews Anth. Stapely Th. Horton Recruit to the Long Parl. John Fry a Yeoman of Dorsetshire an Arrian Thom. Hammond Bâ—other to Dr. Hammond the Kings Iaylor Isaac Pennington Lord Mayor of London Simon Meyne of Buckinghamshire died in the Tower Sir Hardress Waller a Souldier of Fortune Will Hâ—veningham Esq 〈◊〉 antient Family in Suffolk Henry Marten Owen Row a Silk-man of London Augustine Garland a person relating to the Law Henry Smith one of the Six Clerks in Chancery Robert Titchbourn Lord Mayor of London George Fleetwood James Temple Thomas Wait. Peter Temple a London Linneâ—-draper Bâ—â—gesâ— for Leicester Robert Lilburn Brother to John Lilburn Gilbert Millington a Lawyer Vincent Potter an upstart Member John Downs a Citizen of London and a Colonel Thomas Wogan an obscure person John Lisle a Gentleman and Lawyer President of several High Courts of Iustice. Will. Say Esq. a Lawyer and Deputy-speaker of the House of Commons Valentine Walton Brother in law to Cromwel and Governour of Lyn. Edward Whaley a Wollen-draper his Family of Nottinghamshire a good souldier Edm. Ludlow the son of a Traytor a daring souldier Sir Michael Livesey of Kent John Hewson a Shoo-maker dead in Exile a bold Commander Will. Goffe a Salters Apprentice and a bold Commander Cor. Holland a servant to Sir Hen. Vane Thomas Challoner a great speech-maker against the K. Will. Cawley a Brewer of Chichester Nic. Love son to Dr. Love of Winchester John Dixwel Governour of Dover Castle Daniel Blagrave a recruit for Reading Daniel Broughton a Clerk Edward Dendy Serjeant at Arms. John Hutchison fined Francis Lassels fined Lord Munson Ja Challoner Esq. Sir Hen. Mildmay Ro. Wallop Esq. Sir Ja Harrington and John Phelps their Estates Forfeited drawn to Tyburn and Imprisoned during life The High Court of Iustice sits Jan. 20. A crimson Velvet-chair and Cushion for the President Silence made the Hall-gate set open Col. Thomlinson commanded to bring his prisoner He is brought to the Bar a chair of crimson-Velvet set for him Silence made the Act for the Tryal of Charles Stuart King of England read The Names of the Commissioners read The Presidens speech to the King Cook Solicitor-General offers to speak is forbid by the King He proceeds The Charge read President demands the Kings Answer His Majesty refuseth to Answer and disowns the Authority of the Court. Proves his Title to the Crown by succession not Election Is prevented by the Presidents insolent rebukes Who urgeth for an Answer The King still refuseth demanding their Authority The President answers their Authority is Gods and the Kingdoms The Court riseth The head of the Kings staff falls down â—e stoops and takes it up Some cry God save the King others Iustice and Execution by Axtels directions The Court sits the King comes in the people shout Solicitor moves for the Kings Answer President insists upon it His Majesty still denies the Authority of the Court. Refuseth to plead and offers to shâ—w his Reasons Here the King would have delivered his Reasons but was not suffered His Majesty presseth to shew his Reasons but cannot be permitted He desires to Demur He is over-ruled by the Court and Interrupted The Cleâ—k reâ—d The Guards charged to take away their Prisoner The Court order the default and contempt to be Recorded The King guarded to Sir Ro. Cottons The Court adjourns The Court sits again The King comes The Sollicitor moves the Court for Iudgement The Presidents speech in behalf of the Court he demands a positive answer from the King His Majesty desires to speak for the Liberties of the people but is not permitted till he gives his Answer to Guilty or not Guilty 〈…〉 to give any particular answer desires 〈◊〉 to shew his Reasons is interrupted again and again The Clerk reads His Majesty justifies his proceedings and refuseth to Answer to the Charge The Guards ordered to take charge of their Prisoner The King goes forth and the Court adjourns His Majesties Reasons against the Iurisdiction of the Court which be intended to speak in Court but was hindered No proceeding just but what is warranted by the Laws of God or man No Impeachment can lie against the King The House of Commons cannot erect a Court of Iudicature Nor are the Membeâ—â— of this House Coâ—â—issioned by the people of England The Priviledges oâ—â—aâ—liameâ—t Violated The higher House excluded and the major part of the lower deterred from sitting The frame of Government chaâ—ged The Court sits Silence commanded The King comes the souldiers cry for Iustice. His Majesty desires to be heard but not permitted The Court withdraws Serejant at Arms withdraws the King The Court returns resolving to proceed The King brought into the Court he urgeth to be heard and adviseth the Court against a haâ—ty Iudgement The Presidents speech in defence of the Courts proceedings His Majesty is interrupted Silence commanded the Sentence read The Charge read The King required to give his Answer he refuseth The King guarded awaâ— He is abused by the Souldiers disturbed in his Devotions His admirable patience He desires to see his Children and Doctor Juxon The King tempted with new Proposals from some Grandees of the Army B. Juxon preacheth before him at Saint James ' s. His Maj. giveth his Blessing to the Duke of Gloucester and the Lady Elizabeth His pious advice to them The Duke of Gloucester 's reply The Lady Elizabeths Relation of what passed between his Majesty and her He adviseth her to read Bp. Andrew 's Sermons Hookers Policy and Bp. Laud against Fisher. A Committee appointed to consider of the time and place for Execution They agree upon the open street before White-hall the morrow following The Waâ—raâ—â— for the Kings Exâ—â—utâ—â—â— Sigâ—â—d by Joh. Bradshaw Tho Gray Ol. Cromwel 〈◊〉 to Col. Fâ— Hacker 〈◊〉 Hunks anâ— Liâ—â— Coâ—oâ—el â—hray Factious Ministers appointed to attend the King he refuseth to confer with them Bp. of London readeth prayers to him and administers the Sacrament The King brought to White-hall Mr. Seymor presents his Majesty with a Letter from the Prince The Kings friends â—arbarously uâ—â—d Engines to force the King 〈…〉 had â—â—sâ—ted His Majesty had â—ot spoâ—en bâ—t that â—therwise he might be thought to submit to the guilt Hâ— began not 〈◊〉 War spanâ— Hoâ—sâ—s His Majesâ—y lays not the 〈…〉 the two 〈◊〉 iâ—l â—â—struments the cauâ—e of it 〈…〉 Sentence puâ—â—shed with another His Majesty forgives all the world evâ—â— the caâ—sers 〈◊〉 his death 〈…〉 waâ— to Pâ—ace Conquest an ill way seldom 〈◊〉 To give God his due and the Kâ—ng his 〈◊〉 is the right way Give God his due in setâ—ing the Church As to the King it concerning 〈◊〉 hiâ— Majesty â—aves it Peoples Liberty consiâ—â—s in having Government not sâ—aring in it His Majesty the Martyr of the People His Majestie deâ—â—ares hâ—s Râ—ligioâ— * Afterwards Sir William Clerk The King makes ready for Execution Dr. Juxon comforts him It is known for to give it the Prince His Majesty
gives the Signal He is Executed The Corps committed to the care of his servants Carriâ—d to Windsor Some Lords get an order for the burial of the King They desire it might be in St. Gorge 's Chappel by Common-prayer are denyed They expostulate but prevail not Seeking a place for Burial they finde Hen. 8 's Vault The Funeral England had not been without Regal Government from the begininng It had change of Governours not change of Government The Royal race had continued 562 years in ouâ— Regality Now clouds aâ—â— darknâ—â—â— blackâ—ess and 〈…〉 Horrour and Amazemâ—nt 〈…〉 dissolution His Majesty might have lived very long The Prince abâ—â—â—t but in safety In the night of confusion Bats and Scritch-owles rule They make an Act forbidding the Proclamation of a King c. Jan. 30. A Proclamation thrown about streets The Procclamation They Vote the Exclusion of the Members the Army had secluded The House of Lords Voted useless Feb. 5. The protestation of the Nobility against it The Kingly Power Voted Useless Feb. 7. A Council of Sate in Force Iudges Commissioned They declare to preserve and maintain the Laws A new stamp for Coyn Voted Agents and Envoys designed to Forrain Princes The monthly Fast Nulled Several escapes of the Cavalier party viz. Col. Massey Sir Lewis Dives Mr Holden and Lord Capel the last of them betrayed by Davis a Water-man and retaken Lord Loughborough escapes from Windsor-Castle with several others The King at the Hague Feb. c. The Prince of Aâ—range a friend to the Royal Family Mr. Beaumont Executed at Pomfret Feb. 7. A new High Court of Iustice erected Duke Hamilton Earl of Holland Lorâ— Capel Trâ—ed by the High Court of Iustiâ—â— The Lord Capel ' s legal Defences The Lord Goring and Sir John Owen reprieved Dâ—ke Hamilton E. of Holland and Lord Capel beheaded Mar. 9. Other capital Delinquents in nomination As Sir John Stowell Iudge Jenkins and Cap. Brown Bushell Marq. of Winchester Bâ— Wren Ma. Gen Brown and Sir John Cloâ—worthy hardly escaping Several qualifications of Delinquents to life and Eâ—tate Tâ—e chief of whom were the Kings Majesty the D. of York E. of Britol D. of Buckingham Lord Digby Lord Cottington Marq of New-castle Marq of Worcester Sir Ed. Hide Lâ—rd Culpepeâ— and Lord Wâ—ddrington Secluded Members totally Excluded The Parliaments proceâ—dings in reference to the City Alderman Reynoldson the Lord Mayor outed and fined and Alderman Andrews one of the Kings Iudges placed in his stead He proclaims the Act for abolishing Kingly Government Sir Thomas Soams and Alderman Culham degraded Col. Poyer Executed April 25. Col. Laughorn and Col. Powel condemned Pomfret-Castle delivered Mar. 24 to Maj. Gen. Lambert John Lilburn and some of his party secured An account of the state of Scotland Charles the second proclaimed King at Edingburgh The English 〈◊〉 State tampers with the Scotch Parliament Sir Jos. Douglas is sent from the Scots to the King at the Hague Innerness seized for the King Lord 〈…〉 Lockier the Leveller shot to death in Saint Paul 's Church-yard Eleven Regiments designed by Cromwel for the Irish service Thompson a corneâ— with 2 Troâ—ps enters Northampton and declares his and the Armies resolution against that Expedition Several Regiments confederate in the same designe Cromwel by treachery surprizeth them Levellers defeated at Burford in May. Thompson and two more Executed Their Chieftain slain in Wellingborough wood Fairfax complemented at Oxford and treated at Dinner in the City of London They present Fairfax and Cromwel with Gold and Plate England made a Free-State Iune A new Mace made 4000 l. a year out of the D. of Buckinghams Estate given to Fairfax Lord Cottington's Estate to Bradshaw Several Acts to raise money Several Castles demolished A short account of the King at the Hague Salmasius 〈◊〉 in the Kings defenâ—e Is 〈◊〉 by Miltoâ— the likâ—wise answerâ— His Majâ—â—ties Meditations which Answer was since burned by the common Hang-maâ— The condition his Majâ—sty was in at the Hague Dr. Dorislaus their Envâ—r to the Estates General killed at the Hague May. Ascham their Envoy to Spain killed by one Sparks â—ho was therefore Executed King Charles the second departs for France Iune The King magnificently treated by the Arch-Duke The Dutchess of Savoy assignes him 50000 crowns per Ann. Duke of Gloucester and the Princess Eliz. at Penshurst with the Countess of Leicester The affairs of Ireland summed up together Note they taxed the King with what themselves were guilty Lieut. Gen. Cromwel Voted Lord-Governour of Ireland The Parl. Army hiâ—â— from Milford-Haven to Wales Cromwel lands at Dublin The State of the Kingdom â—f Ireâ—and The English Roman Catholikes declare for the King and desire the Marq. of Ormond may be their General An Association with O Neal by Sir Charles Coot and Col. Monke then in Arms for the Parliament The Câ—nfederates aâ—d the Lord Inchiqueens Forces do not brook one another thâ—y with the Marq. of Clanrickard and the E. of Castlehaven designe to reduce Dublin Lord Inchiqueen Lieâ— Gen. for the King O Neal joyns with the Independent party Col. Monke agrees with him O Neal Relieves London-Derry The ill consequence thereof to the Kings affairs The Marquess of Ormond comes before Dublin Aug. Sir Thomas Armstrong Col. Trevors and the Lord Moor declare for the King O Neal defeated Drogheda taken Dundalke surrendred to the King His Majâ—sties Presence most necessary and most desired in Ireland The Siege of Dublin by the Kings Forces Aug. Dublin Relieved by a sally the Forces of the Gairison made Aug. 22. The Marq of Ormond 〈…〉 Dâ—blin Aug. â— Sir William Vaughan 〈…〉 Wogan 〈◊〉 pâ—isoners Marq. oâ— Ormond â—akes Bâ—llâ—sannon for the Kiâ—g A â—ust deploration of this calamity O Neal relieveâ— Coot The Plaguâ— in the Loyal Provinces of Ireland The Marq. of Ormond not able to punish the cowardise and treachery of the Parties The Marq. of Ormond recruits his Forces Drogheda Garrisoned with the flower of the Army Sir Arthur Aston made Governour of Drogheda Col. Daniel O Neal Governour of Trim dispatched to treat with Owen O Neal. Sir Richard Barnwell and 〈◊〉 Nicholas Plunkett sent to assist him and conclude an Agreement Drogheda besieged by Cromwel The Masâ—â—â—â— at Drogheda Sir Arthur Aston c. kiliâ— Sep. 16. 3000 Souldiers put to Sword The Marquess of Ormond endeavours to strengthen other places Sir Edmund Butler Governour of Wexford for the K. It is besieged by Cromwel surprised and stormed 2000 put to the Sword Several Troops of the Lord Inchiqueens Revolt Luke 〈…〉 Rosâ—e 〈…〉 Rosâ—e surrâ—â—dred Litu Geâ— Farrâ—ll 〈…〉 of Oâ—mond Lord Inchiqueen 's Officers are treachâ—rour They are discovered and taken and no conditions Released Cromwel baâ—â—â—ed by Colonel Wogan at Duncannon Corke Youhall and all the English Towns of Munster revolt Lord Inchiqueen suspected accused by the Marq. of Antrim Carrick taken by Lieu. Gen. Jones The Marq. of Ormond deâ—â—â—â— to sight Cromwel Lieu. General Farrel made Governour of Waterford Cromwel
attempting Waterford in vain departs Col. Jones dyes of the Flux The Kings Forces Assault Carrick but depart with loss Both Armies retire to their Winter-quarters Gen. Owen O Neal dyes the Ulster Forces sent into their own Province Luke Taafe sent into Connaght Lord Inchiqueen goes to Clare Lord Dillon into Meath Maj General Hugh O Neal made Governâ—ur of Clonmel for the King Kilkenny garrisoned for the King Crosby betrayeth Kingsale he is Reprieved and pardoned The Marq. of Ormond offers to morgage his Estate for the sâ—pport of the Aâ—my He is at Kilkenny The Irish Souldiers some frighted with the Plague others in necessity revolt to Cromwel The Marq. of Clanrickard Character He supplies Sir George Monro with money Marq. of Ormond at Kilkenny endeavouring with the Lord Clanrickard to proviâ—â— an Army against next spring Sir Charles Coote defeats the Iriâ—â— and takes the Earl of Claneboys Sir Geo Monro delivers Eniskillin to the Enemy Capt. Tickle Executed for designing to betray Kilkenny Marq. of Ormond at Limerick departs in diâ—â—ast to Clare Cromwels Army takes the Field The Kings Army dispersed Ballisanon sold to Cromwel Cahir Castle given him The affairs in Ireland 〈…〉 Marq. of Ormonds 〈◊〉 He withdraws leaving the Marq. Clanrickard to Govern that Kingdom Kilkenny taken Cromwel at Cashel The Lord Clanrickard refuseth to take upon him the Government The Marq. of Ormond courted to continue it to which on certain coâ—ditions he agrees The English under Ormond disbanded and take Conditions Emer Mac Mahon Bp. of Cloghor made General of the Ulster Army Cromwel repulsed and worsted at Clonmel by Maj. General Hugh O Neal Governour thereof Clonmel surrendred to Cromwel David Roch defeated by the L. Broghall The Bp of Rosse and two other Priests hanged Cromwel goes for England Ireton chief Commander in his place An account of the Irish affairs Col. Wogan defeated and taken prisoner Prince Rupert departs Kingsale with his Fleet leaving three empty ships behind him Oct. 24. Col. Morris and Cornet Blackborne Executed at York Aug. Lord Chief-Iustice Heath dyes Sir Kenelm Digby and Mr. Walter Mountague ordered to depart the Kingdom Forrain Princes how affected The Marq. of Montross his Declaration The French 〈◊〉 the importation of cloth The States of Holland dâ—â—y Audiâ—â—â—â— to Strickland the Statâ—â— of Englands 〈◊〉 Thâ— Spaniard prâ—â—ibits his Subâ—â—â—s to seâ—ve our King at â—ea The Gallantry of tâ—â— Emperour Russia He lends the King of England 20000 l. Presbyterian Ministers decline tâ—â— Parliament The Levelâ—rs discontented New commotions by the Levelers John Lilburn chosen a Common-Council-man for London but disabled by the Parliament The Engagement Voted Octob. The terrible Powder-blow in Tower-street Jan. 4. Alderman Hoyle hanged himâ—elf Jan. 30. Gen. Blake commands a Fleet. Prince Rupert blockt up Lisbone Mar. Granger 's notorious Cheats Lord Liberton brings Letters from Scotland to the King at Jersey The Scots appoint Commissioners to treat at Breda The King in danger of drowning The Scots purge their Army 〈◊〉 sendâ— Coâ—â—issioners to the King They except against Malignants Marston the Leveller kills two Messengers and wounding a third escapes is afterwards taken and executed Sir John Berckley and Col. Walter Slingsby secured The Engagement pressed by the Parliament Great Robberies A new Council of State Mr. Ascham and Mr. Vane sent Agents into Spain and Portugal The Names of Ships changed A Fleet sent to Barbadoes against the Lord Willoughby of Parham Cavaliers to depart London Orders concerning Delinquents Estates A new High Court of Iustice constituted Keeble made President thereof An Act against Fornication An Account of the last actions of the Marquess of Montross He was offered to be Capt. of the Scots Guards to the King of France The Emperor at Vienna offers to make him one of his Generals Marquess of Montross Arms for the King in Scotland His ill success The Parliament at Edenburgh Alarmed Col. Straughan sent with a choice party of Horse to oppose him After him follows Lesly and Holborn The Marq Publisheth a Declaration The danger of this attempt Earl of Sunderland opposeth him Dumbath Castle surrendred to the Marquess his Forces Col. Straughan sets upon him The Marq. of Montross defeated Ap. 29. His Standard taken and the bearâ—r thereof slain taken besides on the Marquess his side Col. Hurrey Lord Frendraught Sir Francis Hay c. The Marq. of Montross taken May 3. by the Laird of Aston and conveyed to David Lesley Dumbath Castle yielded to the Covenanters The Covenanters give solemn thanks for their Victory Montross visits his Children at his Father-in-laws the Earl of Southesk His journey to Edenburgh He is mounted on a Cart-horse and delivered to the Executioner bound with Ropes in a Chair and dâ—spitefully used The people pity him but the Ministers revile him He is Imprisoned in the Tol-booth His friends not suffered to visit him The Marquess of Montross sentenced to die by a Committee of Parliament in Scotland Some Members and Ministers sent to examine him He refuseth to answer them The Chancellours Speech in Parliament against the Marquess The Marquess of Montrosses Answer in Parliament The Chancellor comands the Sentence to be read And the Marquess to be conveyed back to prison His noble behaviour there He comes to the Scaffold in rich attire The Marquess of Montross his Speech on the Scaffold Mark the horribâ—â— unchristianity of the Scotch Kirk The Marquess gives moâ—y to the Executioner who according to the Sentence hanged his Declaration and History about his Neck He is hanged on a Gibbet Cromwel for England May. Cromwels cruelty to the English Royallists Col. Wogan escapes An Embassador from Holland Bishop of Cloghor defeated June 18. by Sir Charles Coot Mortally wounded and taken with his Lieut. Gen. Hen. Oneale Marchamount Needham the Parliament-Droll Author of a scurrilous Pamphlet Cromwel returns from his Conquest in Ireland June 6. Prince Rupert blockt up in Lisbon The King ships himself for Scotland from Schevelt June His Majesty complemented by the Nobility of Scotland Fairfax layes down his Commission June 26. The Army marches into Scotland July 22. A light Skirmish and Encounter at Mussleborough July 29. Dr. Levens hanged in â— Cornhill The Kings Statues pulled down Aug. Myn Heer Joachim Resident from the States of Holland sent home Lord-Keeper Lane dieth at Jersey Col. Andrews Executed Aug. 2 on Tower-hill Sir John Gell Sentenced and Cap. Benson Executed October 7. Several surrenders in Ireland Animosities among the Scots Cromwel makes use of them The peremptory resolution of the Kirk of Scotland Cromwel causeth the Kirk-Declaration to be read to his Army Red-house stormed The Armies face one another The English retreat to Dunbar Dunbar fight Sep. 3. The Scots routed Prisoners of Note Sir James Lumsdale Lieu. Gen. of the Army Lord Libberton who died of his wounds Adjutant-General Bickerton Scout-master Campbel Sir Will. Douglas Lâ— Cranston Colonel Gurden c. Their Colours taken ordered to be hung up in Westminster-hall Cromwel 's Letter
Assembly was ordered to bring in their Model of Church-Government and those Resolves were urged afterwards by many hundred Petitions and the Covenant prest to be universally taken Towards the end of this month they had licked up the form of their Directory but could not agree about the receiving of the Sacrament which dispute was then committed Hereupon the Parliament procâ—eded and voted the abolishing of the Common-Prayer-Book which gave some satisfaction to the Scots yet not fully contended them they had in the beginning of our Troubles openly named the Archbishop of Canterbury and prosecuted him as an Enemy to their Country as the great Incendiary of the broyls between both Nations and did not desist while they had him safe in the Tower now they would have his life also as a gratification of their assistance His head must be danced off like St. Iohn Baptist's at the Musick of their Bag-pipes This they publikely demanded so that an Ordinance for the Parliament durst not venture his Tryal at the Common-Law as was thought by some because of the clause of that Bill of Attainder against the Earl of Strafford that his Case should be no precedent and they knew the Judges though they might pack a Jury that should would never venture to condemn him And his tryal by Peers they vouchsafed not as alike dangerous passed the House of Commons whereby he was declared guilty and that sent up to the Lords for their concurrence who bogled at it as a very ill precedent so that it stuck for a while until Sir David Hawkins with his veterane Troops of Justice-cryers came bawled at the Lords House for speedy Execution of Delinquents And then a new Expedient was set on foot for the better dispatch that the Lords should come and sit in the House of Commons as to this business and make one work of it which some of them unworthily did an ill Omen or Presage what that degenerateness would come to when after some of the same persons sate there as Commoners By this trick after several brave Defences made at the Bar of the Lords House where with might and main his Enemies prosecuted his Innocence he was condemned the main Argument against him being used by Serjeant Wild That he was so guilty an offender that he wondred the people did not pull him in pieces as he came to and fro to his tryal and on the tenth of Ianuary brought to Tower-hill from a most sound and sweet repose that night till awakened by Pennington the Lieutenant of the Tower to go to his Execution whereat he was no whit dismayed his colour being as fresh in his Face as ever it was in his life which continued to his last minute At his death he made a Funeral-sermon for himself which was in lieu of a Speech where this is as he hinted it to be observed that though other Arch-bishops had lost their lives in this manner yet not the same way He being the first English-man that ever was condemned by an Ordinance of Parliament His body was decently interred in Alhallows Barkin London according to the Rites and Ceremonies of the Church of England of which he had been the chief Defender and Assertor leaving Sir Iohn Robinson his Nephew since Lieutenant of the Tower to inherit the remains of his Estate and the rewards of his great Services and Munificences to this Church and Kingdom Abington had been made a Garrison ever since the Earl of Essex marched into Cornwal and became so troublesome a neighbour to Oxford and the Country adjacent by the continual excursions of the Horse which were never less than a Regiment that Colonel Sir Henry Gage to prevent this perpetual annoyance no man daring to travail upon any of the Roads towards Oxford with provisions or other business more especially hindering the intercourse betwixt Oxford and Wallingford resolved to build a Fort at Culham-bridge within a mile of Abington on the London-road to repress the boldness of those parties who were constantly out thereabouts upon designes In the attempt thereof and to obstruct so dangerous an obstacle to their Eruption the Abingdon-forces under Colonel Brown Sally out Engage and maintain a short fight with the Royalists with little hopes of prevailing till an Unfortunate shot wounded Colonel Gage in the head of which he dyed as soon as he came to Oxford and so that project was laid aside The King had so closely prosecuted his intentions for Peace that it being in the depth of Winter both Armies in their quarters and the two Factions of Presbytery and Independency jealous of one another the modelling of the Army requiring also some gain and advantage of time a Treaty so often proposed by the King was now admitted to be managed at Vxbridge by Commissioners on both sides The Kings Commissioners were as Follow Duke of Richmond and Lenox Marquess of Hertford Earl of Southampton Earl of Kingston Earl of Chichester Lord Capel Lord Seymore Lord Hatton Lord Culpeper Sir Edward Nicholas Sir Edward Hide afterwards Lord Chancellor Sir Richard Lane Sir Thomas Gardiner Sir Orlando Bridgeman Mr. Iohn Ashburnham Mr. Ieffery Palmer Dr. Stuart and Dr. Hammond Divines The Parliaments Commissioners were Earl of Northumberland Earl of Pembroke Earl of Salisbury Earl of Denbigh Lord Wenman Mr. Denzil Hollis Mr. William Pierpoint Sir Henry Vane Jun. Mr. Crew Mr. Whitlock Mr. Prideaux Mr. Vines a Minister The Scotch Commissioners Lord London Sir Charles Erskin Mr. Dundas Mr. Brackley Mr. Alexander Henderson Minister The main things first to be treated of were first Religion second Militia third Ireland For Religion the King would not alter Government by Bishops but would give way to some amendments in the Liturgie upon advice For the Militia he would consent some Forts and Garrisons should remain in the Parliaments hands pro tempore for security of the agreement the King having the nomination of half the Commissioners For Ireland the King would not abrogate the Cessation until he were sure the Rebellion here were at an end having to avoid that popular demand and to prevent any insisting upon that point given Order to the Marquess of Ormond to conclude a Peace but however to continue the Cessation for a year for which he should promise the Irish if he could have it no cheaper to joyn with them against the Scots and Inchiqueen for by that time the King said he hoped his condition would be such as the Irish should be glad to accept of less or he enabled to grant more The Parliament on the contrary side insisted as to Religion upon the taking away of the Kings Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction his Donations and Temporalties of Bishopricks his First-fruits and Tenths of Bishops Deans Deans and Chapters not offering to constitute the least dependance of the Clergy upon the King to the Presbyterian mode compensating him with Bishops Lands in lieu of all those which of
performance of such Agreements as shall be made in order to Peace his Majesty will consent to an Act of Parliament that the whole Power of the Militia both by Land and Sea for and during his whole Raign shall be ordered and disposed by his two Houses of Parliament or by such persons as they shall appoint with Powers limited for suppressing of Forces within this Kingdom to the disturbance of the Publike Peace and against Forain Invasion and that they shall have Power during his said Raign to raise money for the present purposes aforesaid and that neither his Majesty that now is or any other by his Authority derived onely from him shall execute any of the said Powers during his Majesties said Raign but such as shall act by the consent and approbation of the two Houses of Parliament Nevertheless His Majesty intends that all Patents Commissions and other Acts concerning the Militia be made and acted as formerly and that after His Majesties Raign all the Power of the Militia shall return entirely to the Crown as it was in the times of Queen Elizabeth and King Iames of Blessed Memory After this head of the Militia the consideration of the Arrears due to the Army is not improper to follow for the payment whereof and the ease of his people His Majesty is willing to concur in any thing that can be done without the violation of His Conscience and Honour Wherefore if His two Houses shall consent to remit unto Him such benefit out of Sequestrations from Michaelmas last and out of Compositions that shall be made before the concluding of the Peace and the Arrears of such as have been already made the assistance of the Clergy and the Arrears of such Rents of His own Revenue as His two Houses shall not have received before the concluding of the Peace His Majesty will undertake within the space of eighteen months the payment of 400000 l. for the satisfaction of the Army And if those means shall not be sufficient His Majesty intends to give way to the sale of Forrest-Lands for that purpose this being the publike debt which in His Majesties judgment is first to be satisfied And for other publike debts already contracted upon Church-Lands or any other Engagements His Majesty will give His consent to such Act or Acts for raising of moneys for payment thereof as both Houses shall hereafter agree upon so as they be equally laid whereby His People already too heavily burthened by these late distempers may have no more pressures upon them than this absolute necessity requires And for the further securing all Fears His Majesty will consent that an Act of Parliament be Passed for the disposing of the great Offices of State and naming of Privy Counsellours for the whole term of his Raign by the two Houses of Parliament their Patents and Commissions being taken from His Majesty and after to return to the Crown as is exprest in the Article of the Militia For the Court of Wards and Liveries His Majesty very well knows the consequence of taking that away by turning of all Tenures into common Soccage as well in point of Revenue to the Crown as in the protection of many of His Subjects being Infants Nevertheless if the continuance thereof seem grievous to His Subjects rather than he will fail on His part in giving satisfaction He will consent to an Act for taking of it away so as a full recompence be settled upon his Majesty and His Successors in perpetuity and that the Arrears now dâ—â— be reserved unto Him towards the payment of the Arrears of the Army And that the memory of these late distractions may be wholly wiped away His Majesty will consent to an Act of Parliament for the Suppressing and making Null Oaths Declarations and Proclamations against both or either House of Parliament and of all Indictments and other Proceedings against any persons for adhering unto them And His Mâ—jesty proposeth as the best expedient to take away all seeds of future differences that there be an Act of Oblivion to extend to all His Subjects As for Ireland the Cessation there is long since determined but for the future all other things being fully agreed His Majesty will give full satisfaction to His Houses concerning that Kingdom And although His Majesty cannot consent in Honour and Iustice to avoid all His own Acts and Grants past under His Great Seal since the 22 of May 1642. or to the confirming all the Acts and Grants passed under that made by the two Houses yet His Majesty is confident that upon perusal of particulars He shall give full satisfaction to His two Houses to what may be reasonably desired in that particular And now his Majesty conceives that by these his Offers which he is ready to make good upon the settlement of a Peace he hath clearly manifested his intentions to give full security and satisfaction to all Interests for what can justly be desired in order to the future happiness of his people And for the perfecting of these Concessions as also for such other things as may be proposed by the two Houses and for such just and reasonable demands as his Majesty shall finde necessary to propose on his part he earnestly desireth a Personal Treaty at London with his two Houses in Honour Freedom and safety it being in his Iudgment the most proper and indeed only means to a firm and settled Peace and impossible without it to reconcile former or to avoid future misunderstandings All these things being by Treaty perfected his Majesty believes his two Houses will think it reasonable that the Proposals of the Army concerning the Succession of Parliaments and their due Election should be taken into consideration As for what concerns the Kingdom of Scotland his Majesty will very readily apply himself to give all reasonable satisfaction when the desires of the two Houses of Parliament on their behalf or of the Commissioners of that Kingdom or of both joyned together shall be made known unto him This Answer was full and apportioned to all interests and shewed the incomparable prudence as well as invincible constancy of the King at which the Parliament shewed themselves much offended and communicated this their displeasure to the Scots Commissioners who participated seemingly with them therein but made no Reply to the King their custom being to set other Pens on work to discant upon them and pick out some jealous Observations to keep the people still to their party by bold assertions of His Majesties prevaâ—ications and injustices in all his Papers and Messages to the Parliament some of them writ meanly scurrilously and impudently among the rest a most execrable and blasphemous Paper called a Hue and Cry after the King upon his flight from Hampton by one Needham that writ afterward the News-Book for them in others more modestly and politely with a fine but false edge which yet served to wound His Majesties Reputation
Kingdom of England c. Here the Clerk read the Charge Which Charge being read unto him as aforesaid He the said Charles Stuart was required to give his Answer but he refused so to do expressing the several passages of his refusing in the former proceedings For all which Treasons and Crimes this Court doth adjudge that He the said Charles Stuart as a Tyrant Traytor Murtherer and a publike Enemy shall be put to Death by severing his Head from his Body Jan. 27. 1648. Which being read Bradshaw added This Sentence now read and published it is the Act Sentence Judgement and Resolution of the whole Court To which they all expressed their assent by standing up as was before agreed and ordered And then the King not being admitted to reply was taken by his Guards and carried to Sir Robert Cottons the Souldiers as he passed down the Staires scoffing at him and casting the smoak of their Tobacco a thing odious to him in his Face and strewing the Pipes in his way And one more insolent than the rest Spitting in his Face which his Majesty according to his wonted Heroick Patience took no more notice of than to wipe it away As he passed along further hearing the same wretches crying out Justice Execution He said Alass poor souls for a piece of money they would do so for their Commanders Being brought thus to Sir Robert Cottons a house neer adjoyning and thence by water to White-â—all the Souldiers at their Commanders instigation who were set on likewise by Cromwel continued their brutish carriage toward him abusing all that seemed to shew any respect or even compassion to him not suffering him to rest in his Chamber but thrusting in and smoaking their Tobacco and disturbing his privacy But through all these Trials unusual to Princes he passed with such a calm and even temper that he let nothing fall unbeseeming his former Majesty and Magnanimity In the Evening a Member of the Army acquainted the Committee with his Majesties desire that seeing they had passed a Sentence of Death upon him and his time might be nigh he might see his Children and Doctor Iuxon Bishop of London might be admitted to assist him in his private Devotions and receiving the Sacrament Both which at length were granted At this time did some of the Grandees of the Army tempt the King with new Proposals but so destructive to the peoples Liberty and Safety so contrary to his Honour and Conscience and so reproachful to any Christian Government that he with the like courage and constancy which he had shewed throughout his Troubles rejected and chose the Cross to prepare him whereto the Lord Bishop of London on Sunday being that day guarded at Saint Iames's preached before him on these words In the day when God shall judge the secrets of all men by Iesus Christ according to my Gospel On Monday following the day before his death the Duke of Gloucester and the Lady Elizabeth were brought to him whom he most joyfully received and giving his Blessing to the Princess He had her remember to tell her Brother James when even she should see him That it was his Fathers last desire that he should look no more upon Charles as his eldest Brother onely but be obedient unto him as his Sovereign And that they should love one another and forgive their Fathers Enemies And then said unto her Sweet-heart you will forget this No said she I shall never forget it while I live And pouring forth abundance of Tears promised him to write down the particulars Then the King taking the Duke of Gloucester upon his Knee said Sweet-heart now they will Cut off thy Fathers Head upon which words the Child looked very wishfully on him Mark Child what I say They will Cut off my Head and perhaps make thee a King But mark what I say you must nâ—t be a King so long as your Brothers Charles and James do live for they will Cut off your Brothers Heads when they can catch them and Cut thy Head off too at last and therefore I charge you do not be made a King by them At which the Child sighing said I will be torn in pieces first Which falling so unexpectedly from one so young it made the King rejoyce exceedingly Another Relation from the Lady Elizabeths own Hand What the King said to me 29 of January last being the last time I had the happiness to see him He told me he was glad I was come and although he had not time to say much yet somewhat he had to say to me which he had not to another or leave in writing because he feared their Crueltie was such as that they would not have permitted him to write to me He wished me not to grieve and torment my self for him for that would be a glorious Death that he should die it being for the Laws and Liberties of the Land He bid me read Bishop Andrews Sermons Hookers Ecclesiastical Policy and Bishop Laud 's Book against Fisher which would ground me against Poperie He told me he had forgiven all his Enemies and hoped God would forgive them also and commanded us c. to forgive them He bid me tell my Mother that his thoughts had never strayed from her and that his Love would be the same to his last Withal he commanded me and my Brother to be obedient to her And bid me send his Blessing to the rest of my Brothers and Sisters with commendation to all his Friends So after he had given me his Blessing I took my leave Further he commanded us all to forgive those People but never to trust them for they had been most false to him and to those that gave them power and be feared also to their own Souls And desired me not to grieve for him for he should die a Martyr and that he doubted not but that the Lord would settle his Throne upon his Son and that we should all be happier than we could have expected to have been if he had lived With many other things which at present I cannot Remember The same day the Regicides met being sixty four in number at the Painted-Chamber in pursuance of their Bloody Sentence and appointed Sir Hardress Waller Harrison Ireton Dean and Okey to be a Committee to consider of the Time and Place for the Execution who having made a report fourty eight of the Commissioners meeting again the same day made this Resolve Vpon Report made for considering of the Time and Place of the Executing of the Iudgement against the King that the said Committee have Resolved that the open street before White-hall is a fit place and that the said Committee conceive it fit that the King be there Executed to Morrow the King having already notice thereof The Court approved thereof and ordered a Warrant to be drawn for that purpose which Warrant was accordingly drawn and agreed unto and