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yearly_o pension_n marcus_n
antoninus_n pius_n take_v a_o great_a care_n to_o defend_v the_o empire_n than_o enlarge_v its_o bound_n and_o as_o to_o marcus_n antoninus_n the_o philosopher_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o compass_n the_o design_n he_o have_v of_o reduce_v sarmatia_n into_o a_o province_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n maximin_n have_v no_o better_a success_n against_o they_o and_o since_o his_o time_n the_o empire_n decline_v apace_o till_o probus_n revive_v their_o spirit_n again_o this_o great_a man_n subdue_v the_o german_n and_o give_v the_o sarmatian_n so_o many_o overthrow_v that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o territory_n they_o have_v usurp_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o predecessor_n they_o be_v again_o defeat_v by_o dioclesian_n and_o constantius_n but_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o they_o become_v subject_n to_o the_o roman_n valentinian_n defeat_v they_o some_o time_n after_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v pannoma_n and_o moesia_n and_o retire_v into_o their_o own_o country_n and_o begin_v to_o form_n a_o commonwealth_n under_o lochus_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 550._o they_o have_v preserve_v their_o liberty_n ever_o since_o though_o they_o have_v be_v often_o reduce_v to_o great_a extremity_n but_o they_o never_o pay_v tribute_n to_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n it_o be_v true_a that_o their_o king_n michael_n wieznowisky_n have_v the_o weakness_n to_o agree_v to_o pay_v a_o yearly_o tribute_n to_o the_o turk_n but_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n refuse_v to_o ratify_v the_o treaty_n and_o bold_o assert_v their_o right_n and_o liberty_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o john_n sobiesky_n grand_a mareshal_n of_o the_o crown_n who_o be_v afterward_o elect_v king_n and_o force_v the_o turk_n to_o renounce_v the_o pretend_a tribute_n that_o michael_n have_v promise_v they_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n be_v so_o numerous_a and_o brave_a that_o it_o seem_v moral_o impossible_a to_o conquer_v their_o country_n so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v well_o unite_v and_o the_o surprise_v progress_n of_o charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o in_o three_o month_n time_n conquer_a almost_o that_o kingdom_n signify_v nothing_o in_o this_o case_n for_o that_o prince_n be_v call_v in_o by_o some_o of_o the_o polander_n themselves_o and_o the_o other_o will_v not_o fight_v for_o their_o king_n the_o precipitate_v retreat_n of_o the_o swede_n when_o the_o pole_n return_v to_o their_o duty_n show_v how_o little_a they_o be_v able_a to_o conquer_v poland_n but_o i_o leave_v off_o this_o subject_a to_o speak_v a_o word_n as_o to_o this_o book_n the_o first_o part_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n in_o respect_n to_o its_o neighbour_n of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o their_o king_n of_o their_o diet_n custom_n manner_n ceremony_n religion_n coin_n etc._n etc._n be_v owing_n to_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n who_o have_v reside_v many_o year_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o merit_n as_o well_o as_o character_n can_v better_o inform_v himself_o of_o the_o matter_n he_o treat_v of_o than_o man_n of_o ordinary_a birth_n and_o capacity_n the_o appendix_n contain_v a_o chronological_a abridgement_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n some_o far_a remark_n on_o the_o government_n of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o instrument_n of_o the_o abdication_n of_o king_n john_n casimire_n the_o rise_v progress_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o socinian_o be_v partly_o abstract_v from_o history_n and_o private_a memoires_n of_o person_n that_o may_v be_v depend_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la and_o the_o election_n of_o frederick_n augustus_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o best_a intelligence_n that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o have_v from_o poland_n consider_v the_o confusion_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o country_n and_o the_o pretension_n of_o the_o competitor_n be_v state_v and_o relate_v as_o they_o have_v be_v communicate_v by_o the_o eye-witness_n of_o those_o transaction_n the_o content_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n and_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n p._n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o division_n of_o poland_n into_o province_n p._n 4_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n with_o respect_n to_o its_o neighbour_n and_o of_o the_o various_a success_n of_o the_o war_n in_o which_o it_o have_v be_v engage_v with_o they_o p._n 12_o chap._n iv_o of_o the_o tartar_n their_o manner_n of_o fight_v their_o original_a division_n of_o their_o country_n manner_n and_o history_n of_o their_o action_n and_o how_o they_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o turk_n p._n 27_o chap._n v._o of_o ukrania_n and_o the_o cossack_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o livonian_o p._n 37_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n p._n 76_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n p._n 81_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o senate_n in_o general_n p._n 97_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o senate_n a_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o the_o bishop_n p._n 98_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o palatine_n castellan_n and_o officer_n of_o state_n who_o be_v senator_n p._n 107_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n p._n 113_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o officer_n who_o be_v not_o senator_n p._n 118_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la p._n 120_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n p._n 124_o chap._n xv._o of_o the_o diet_n in_o general_n p._n 128_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n p._n 137_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n p._n 144_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la or_o the_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n p._n 147_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o king_n coronation_n p._n 153_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n p._n 161_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o polish_v army_n p._n 164_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o estate_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 174_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o custom_n humour_n and_o inclination_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 184_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o their_o religion_n p._n 191_o chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n p._n 194_o chap._n xxvi_o their_o marriage_n and_o funeral_n p._n 196_o chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o diet_n and_o entertainment_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 200_o chap._n xxviii_o their_o way_n of_o travel_v p._n 205_o chap._n xxix_o of_o the_o polish_v money_n p._n 209._o a_o chronological_a abridgement_n of_o the_o history_n of_o poland_n p._n 212._o a_o panegyrical_n character_n of_o the_o last_o king_n john_n iii_o with_o a_o account_n of_o his_o principal_a action_n and_o death_n p._n 221_o further_a remark_n on_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o extraordinary_a care_n they_o take_v of_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n p._n 223._o the_o form_n of_o king_n casimire_n abdication_n p._n 225._o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o state_n publish_v on_o that_o cecasion_n p._n 228._o the_o rise_n of_o socinianism_n in_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o that_o sect._n p._n 230_o edict_n of_o king_n sigismond_n against_o the_o socinian_o p._n 233._o edict_n of_o king_n john_n casimire_n against_o they_o p._n 236._o a_o letter_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o socinian_o p._n 238._o a_o petition_n of_o the_o socinian_o send_v some_o year_n ago_o into_o england_n represent_v brief_o their_o miserable_a condition_n p._n 248._o where_o now_o settle_a p._n 250._o account_v of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la and_o election_n of_o the_o present_a king_n with_o some_o further_a remark_n on_o the_o late_a king_n and_o a_o short_a character_n of_o the_o several_a candidate_n for_o that_o crown_n p._n 251_o the_o proposal_n make_v by_o the_o baron_n de_fw-fr fleming_n in_o behalf_n of_o his_o master_n the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n p._n 274._o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la sworn_n to_o by_o the_o baron_n de_fw-fr fleming_n in_o the_o great_a church_n of_o warsaw_n p._n 278_o a_o great_a embassy_n appoint_v to_o go_v and_o offer_v the_o crown_n to_o the_o elector_n with_o the_o remarkable_a speech_n of_o the_o first_o ambassador_n on_o that_o occasion_n p._n 281._o the_o king_n speech_n to_o the_o nobility_n assemble_v to_o congratulate_v he_o p._n 288._o his_o coronation_n p._n 293._o the_o prince_n of_o conty_n arrival_n at_o dantzick_n etc._n etc._n p._n 295_o the_o present_a state_n of_o poland_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n and_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n poland_n be_v a_o republic_n compose_v of_o two_o estate_n the_o crown_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n the_o crown_n be_v proper_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n be_v unite_v to_o it_o in_o the_o
be_v only_o the_o royal_a prussia_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o province_n of_o poland_n and_o even_o though_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o republic_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o law_n and_o enjoy_v particular_a privilege_n they_o have_v a_o peculiar_a treasury_n and_o a_o treasurer_n and_o when_o the_o king_n summon_v the_o arrierban_n the_o nobility_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o go_v beyond_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o palatinate_n culm_n marienburg_n and_o pomerania_n it_o be_v chief_a city_n be_v thorn_n upon_o the_o vistula_n elbing_n a_o league_n from_o frischlaff_n and_o dantzic_n which_o be_v the_o most_o considerable_a of_o they_o all_o and_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o pomerania_n which_o comprehend_v all_o the_o country_n westward_o of_o the_o vistula_n to_o the_o confine_n of_o germany_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o prussia_n the_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n cast_v amber_n upon_o the_o shore_n which_o the_o fisherman_n take_v up_o in_o net_n it_o be_v soft_a at_o first_o but_o soon_o after_o grow_v so_o hard_a that_o it_o may_v be_v turn_v or_o engrave_v and_o cut_v into_o all_o sort_n of_o figure_n it_o be_v also_o find_v in_o certain_a great_a lake_n in_o the_o same_o province_n especial_o in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o warmia_n there_o be_v also_o many_o lake_n that_o abound_v with_o fish_n almost_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o country_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o marienburg_n there_o be_v the_o lake_n of_o drausen_n which_o send_v forth_o the_o river_n elbing_n that_o discharge_v itself_o in_o the_o frischaff_n which_o be_v a_o bay_n or_o gulf_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n about_o twenty_o league_n in_o length_n and_o two_o in_o breadth_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o pomerania_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n betwixt_o konicz_n and_o schochaw_n which_o be_v seven_o league_n long_o and_o five_o broad_a and_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o river_n bro_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o vâ—stula_n about_o four_o league_n above_o culm_n there_o be_v also_o three_o other_o almost_o as_o large_a as_o the_o former_a in_o the_o same_o palatinate_n near_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n and_o both_o the_o palatinate_n of_o culm_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o warmia_n be_v so_o full_a of_o lake_n that_o it_o will_v be_v almost_o a_o endless_a labour_n to_o mention_v every_o one_o of_o they_o particular_o massovia_n have_v prussia_n on_o the_o north_n little_a poland_n on_o the_o south_n podlassia_n on_o the_o east_n and_o great_a poland_n on_o the_o west_n the_o vistula_n and_o the_o bugg_n be_v the_o principal_a river_n that_o water_n it_o this_o province_n begin_v to_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n by_o ziemowit_n who_o be_v prince_n thereof_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o casimir_n the_o great_a but_o the_o union_n be_v not_o full_o perfect_v till_o the_o death_n of_o the_o duke_n john_n and_o stanislaus_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n i._o anno_fw-la 1526._o it_o contain_v only_o one_o palatinate_n which_o former_o take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o town_n of_o czersk_n but_o be_v now_o call_v after_o the_o name_n of_o the_o province_n samogitia_n or_o samojedia_n which_o be_v a_o dependency_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n be_v border_v by_o courland_n on_o the_o north_n the_o river_n niemen_n on_o the_o south_n lithuania_n on_o the_o east_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o west_n the_o christian_a religion_n be_v introduce_v into_o this_o country_n anno_fw-la 1413_o by_o the_o pious_a care_n of_o king_n jagellon_n who_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o instruct_v those_o people_n himself_o because_o they_o can_v not_o understand_v the_o polish_v priest_n the_o chief_a town_n in_o samogitia_n be_v rosienia_n on_o the_o river_n dubissa_n and_o miednich_n there_o be_v no_o palatinate_n here_o but_o the_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a starosty_n or_o government_n of_o castle_n and_o the_o first_o starosta_n be_v a_o senator_n since_o courland_n depend_v upon_o poland_n and_o be_v the_o frontier_n of_o samogitia_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o it_o here_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n courland_n and_o semigallia_n the_o river_n dzwina_n separate_v it_o from_o livonia_n on_o the_o north_n it_o be_v bound_v with_o samogitia_n on_o the_o south_n lithuania_n on_o the_o east_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o west_n this_o country_n have_v be_v subject_a to_o a_o prince_n who_o be_v a_o vassal_n and_o feudatory_a of_o poland_n since_o the_o year_n 1561_o that_o godfrey_n ketlâ—r_n great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n in_o livonia_n have_v voluntary_o resign_v his_o office_n put_v all_o livonia_n with_o the_o town_n of_o riga_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o province_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o nicholas_n radziwill_n in_o the_o name_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n who_o give_v he_o courland_n and_o semigallis_n which_o be_v then_o reckon_v part_n of_o liuâ—ia_n on_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v remain_v a_o vassal_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o city_n of_o mittauw_n in_o sâ—â—â—â—â—ita_n be_v at_o present_a the_o metropolis_n of_o that_o little_a state_n and_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o duke_n upper_a volhinia_n reach_v from_o polesia_n on_o the_o north_n to_o upper_a pâ—dâ—ia_n on_o the_o south_n and_o from_o low_a volbinia_n on_o the_o east_n to_o black_a russia_n on_o the_o west_n it_o be_v chief_a city_n be_v lucko_n or_o lusuck_n or_o luceowia_fw-la on_o the_o river_n stir_v and_o kremienice_n which_o be_v situate_v upon_o a_o eminence_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n izwa_fw-mi about_o eight_o league_n from_o luceowia_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n the_o province_n of_o podlachia_n which_o be_v unite_v to_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1569_o be_v bound_v by_o lithuania_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o massovia_n towards_o the_o west_n it_o be_v ten_o league_n broad_a and_o thirty_o league_n long_o it_o be_v chief_a city_n be_v augustow_v and_o biclsk_v which_o give_v name_n to_o a_o palatinate_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n with_o respect_n to_o its_o neighbour_n and_o of_o the_o various_a success_n of_o the_o war_n in_o which_o it_o have_v be_v engage_v with_o '_o they_o poland_n reach_v heretofore_o from_o the_o black_a sea_n to_o the_o baltic_a and_o from_o 〈◊〉_d to_o hungary_n but_o as_o all_o the_o state_n in_o the_o world_n be_v subject_a to_o great_a and_o frequent_a revolution_n poland_n have_v have_v its_o share_n in_o the_o general_a calamity_n and_o be_v at_o present_a confine_v within_o much_o narrow_a bound_n for_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o general_a that_o every_o republic_n be_v look_v upon_o by_o its_o neighbour_n as_o a_o country_n which_o they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o right_a to_o invade_v and_o the_o same_o remark_n may_v in_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n be_v apply_v to_o poland_n both_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o manner_n and_o constitution_n of_o its_o government_n and_o the_o insatiable_a ambition_n of_o all_o its_o neighbour_n of_o which_o the_o turk_n tartar_n and_o moscovite_n be_v most_o formidable_a it_o be_v long_a since_o the_o turk_n dismember_a valachia_n and_o moldavia_n from_o this_o kingdom_n and_o afterward_o the_o cossack_n be_v oppress_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o restrain_v from_o their_o wont_a piracy_n on_o the_o black_a sea_n resolve_v to_o shake_v off_o a_o yoke_n which_o they_o can_v no_o long_o bear_v and_o by_o that_o mean_n give_v the_o turk_n a_o opportunity_n to_o invade_v vbrania_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n michael_n and_o to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o caminiec_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o upper_a podolia_n and_o the_o only_a place_n of_o strength_n which_o the_o polander_n have_v upon_o that_o frontier_n that_o fatal_a war_n continue_v after_o the_o death_n of_o k._n michael_n and_o disturb_v the_o reign_n of_o his_o successor_n john_n iii_n till_o the_o polander_n be_v at_o last_o constrain_v to_o make_v a_o peace_n at_o zurawno_n in_o pokutia_n for_o the_o army_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n be_v so_o numerous_a and_o formidable_a that_o year_n that_o it_o consist_v of_o above_o 180000_o effective_a man_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o of_o the_o polander_n be_v so_o weak_a that_o they_o can_v not_o bring_v above_o 12000_o man_n into_o the_o field_n because_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o force_n of_o lithuania_n who_o be_v draw_v together_o near_o leopold_n under_o prince_n michael_n of_o radziwill_n their_o general_n but_o can_v not_o join_v the_o grand_a army_n because_o the_o infidel_n have_v block_v up_o all_o the_o avenue_n to_o the_o camp_n so_o that_o the_o general_n be_v oblige_v to_o continue_v at_o leopold_n with_o the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr bethune_n and_o the_o l._n hide_v ambassador_n from_o the_o k._n
glad_a of_o such_o a_o opportunity_n to_o be_v revenge_v for_o the_o ill_a usage_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o he_o according_o he_o cut_v off_o his_o master_n head_n upon_o a_o log_n of_o wood_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o piece_n of_o beef_n and_o be_v force_v to_o give_v he_o several_a slash_n before_o he_o can_v entire_o separate_v his_o head_n from_o his_o body_n stephen_n battori_n king_n of_o poland_n besiege_v the_o city_n of_o polotta_n in_o muscovy_n anno_fw-la 1579._o and_o after_o a_o most_o vigorous_a resistance_n the_o besiege_a find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o hold_v out_o long_o offer_v to_o surrender_v the_o place_n the_o capitulation_n be_v at_o last_o agree_v upon_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o garrison_n and_o inhabitant_n except_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o governor_n who_o continual_o animate_v the_o soldier_n and_o the_o burgher_n to_o make_v a_o obstinate_a defence_n represent_v to_o they_o that_o it_o will_v be_v more_o honourable_a to_o die_v in_o the_o service_n of_o their_o prince_n than_o to_o save_v their_o life_n by_o a_o ignominious_a treaty_n and_o indeed_o neither_o the_o bishop_n nor_o the_o governor_n will_v sign_v the_o capitulation_n but_o retire_v into_o the_o church_n of_o st._n sophia_n whence_o steven_n battori_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v forth_o and_o commit_v they_o to_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o treasurer_n of_o lithuania_n when_o the_o polish_v garrison_n enter_v the_o town_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o it_o and_o to_o receive_v the_o store_n and_o ammunition_n according_a to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o capitulation_n they_o be_v surprise_v to_o behold_v so_o many_o mark_n of_o a_o horrible_a and_o brutish_a cruelty_n which_o the_o muscovite_n have_v practise_v on_o the_o polish_v prisoner_n they_o find_v some_o of_o they_o most_o barbarous_o tear_v in_o piece_n some_o half_a boil_a in_o great_a kettle_n with_o their_o hand_n tie_v behind_o their_o back_n and_o other_o who_o have_v be_v miserable_o butcher_v by_o rip_v up_o their_o belly_n the_o polander_n be_v so_o transport_v with_o rage_n and_o indignation_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o such_o a_o dismal_a scene_n of_o horror_n that_o they_o will_v have_v revenge_v the_o death_n of_o their_o countryman_n upon_o the_o whole_a muscovitish_a garrison_n but_o king_n stephen_n generous_o consider_v that_o no_o provocation_n can_v excuse_v the_o breach_n of_o a_o solemn_a treaty_n restrain_v the_o fury_n of_o his_o soldier_n and_o send_v the_o muscovite_n back_o to_o their_o own_o country_n under_o the_o convoy_n of_o two_o troop_n of_o horse_n i_o can_v easy_o produce_v many_o other_o example_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o muscovite_n be_v natural_o cruel_a i_o return_v now_o to_o that_o memorable_a irruption_n which_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n make_v into_o poland_n with_o so_o much_o violence_n and_o success_n that_o king_n john_n casimir_n and_o his_o queen_n lovise_n mary_n be_v force_v to_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o retire_v into_o silesia_n for_o almost_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o even_o the_o polish_v army_n have_v abandon_v they_o and_o follow_v the_o rapidity_n of_o the_o conqueror_n fortune_n but_o the_o polander_n afterward_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o fault_n they_o have_v commit_v in_o forsake_v their_o king_n and_o those_o who_o have_v still_o continue_v faithful_a to_o he_o resume_v fresh_a courage_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o general_n czarneski_n they_o by_o degree_n expel_v the_o swede_n who_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n and_o of_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n which_o they_o have_v take_v in_o three_o day_n thus_o the_o kingdom_n be_v reconquer_v and_o the_o swede_n be_v oblige_v to_o enter_v into_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n which_o be_v conclude_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o oliva_n prince_n be_v so_o apt_a to_o be_v jealous_a of_o a_o neighbour_a conqueror_n that_o they_o be_v even_o willing_a to_o assist_v a_o former_a enemy_n against_o the_o unequal_a force_n of_o a_o ambitious_a and_o successful_a invader_n for_o when_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o poland_n at_o a_o time_n when_o the_o polander_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o cossack_n who_o have_v besiege_v leopold_n the_o muscovite_n who_o have_v also_o invade_v lithuania_n immediate_o quit_v that_o duchy_n and_o fall_v upon_o the_o swede_n in_o livonia_n in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o diversion_n and_o the_o tartar_n who_o be_v natural_o enemy_n to_o all_o christian_n and_o in_o a_o particular_a manner_n to_o the_o polish_v nation_n not_o only_o send_v a_o potent_a army_n to_o assist_v the_o k._n of_o poland_n but_o force_v the_o cossack_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o leopold_n and_o to_o join_v with_o they_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o same_o reason_n which_o induce_v the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o tartar_n to_o succour_v the_o polander_n oblige_v the_o emperor_n also_o to_o send_v they_o some_o troop_n but_o he_o make_v they_o pay_v dear_a for_o his_o assistance_n for_o the_o saltwork_n be_v mortgage_v to_o he_o for_o some_o year_n he_o cause_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o salt_n to_o be_v make_v and_o export_v that_o the_o work_n be_v almost_o ruin_v nor_o be_v the_o muscovite_n and_o tartar_n the_o only_a troublesome_a neighbour_n to_o poland_n for_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o follow_a relation_n that_o the_o misfortune_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n owe_v to_o the_o german_n vladislaus_n jagellon_n king_n of_o poland_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n who_o be_v master_n of_o prussia_n and_o have_v raise_v a_o powerful_a army_n of_o polander_n lithuanian_n and_o prussian_n be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o overpower_v his_o enemy_n and_o to_o expel_v they_o utter_o out_o of_o his_o dominion_n when_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n of_o luxemburg_n desire_v he_o to_o refer_v the_o difference_n that_o occasion_v the_o war_n to_o his_o arbitration_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o grant_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n a_o truce_n for_o two_o year_n jagellon_n accept_v the_o offer_n and_o disband_v his_o army_n but_o since_o the_o emperor_n design_v only_o to_o gain_v time_n that_o the_o knight_n may_v be_v able_a to_o put_v themselves_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o desence_n he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o take_v care_n to_o adjust_a these_o difference_n that_o he_o be_v glad_a the_o polander_n be_v divide_v fear_v that_o after_o they_o have_v drive_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o will_v make_v a_o vigorous_a attempt_n to_o retake_v silesia_n which_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n have_v late_o usurp_v king_n jagellon_n perceive_v that_o the_o emperor_n have_v disappoint_v he_o send_v to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o promise_n but_o it_o seem_v sigismond_n have_v either_o forget_v or_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o remember_v the_o service_n which_o the_o polander_n have_v do_v he_o in_o the_o year_n 1414_o when_o they_o oblige_v the_o turk_n to_o restore_v all_o the_o prisoner_n they_o have_v take_v and_o to_o grant_v he_o a_o truce_n for_o six_o year_n and_o that_o jagellon_fw-mi not_o only_o refuse_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n which_o the_o revolt_a hussites_n have_v offer_v he_o but_o exhort_v they_o to_o return_v to_o their_o obedience_n to_o the_o church_n and_o to_o their_o prince_n thus_o without_o consider_v those_o important_a service_n and_o without_o examine_v the_o matter_n he_o give_v judgement_n against_o the_o polander_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n which_o so_o incense_v king_n jagellon_n that_o he_o dispatch_v one_o immediate_o to_o reproach_v he_o with_o his_o ingratitude_n and_o injustice_n and_o to_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o renounce_v his_o friendship_n whereupon_o sigismond_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v himself_o by_o pretend_v that_o he_o be_v 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to_o make_v himself_o at_o least_o his_o equal_a add_v that_o since_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o erect_v new_a kingdom_n as_o be_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o will_v make_v he_o king_n of_o lithuania_n and_o send_v he_o the_o crown_n with_o all_o the_o other_o royal_a ornament_n to_o which_o vitold_v reply_v that_o though_o he_o will_v not_o refuse_v the_o offer_n he_o can_v â—ot_n accept_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n his_o nephew_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o emperor_n have_v receive_v this_o answer_n he_o go_v to_o jagellon_n and_o represent_v to_o he_o that_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o nation_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o oppose_v that_o design_n if_o the_o senate_n will_v consent_v to_o it_o the_o senator_n be_v assemble_v for_o that_o end_n and_o vitold_v present_a the_o archbishop_z of_o gnesna_n who_o sigismond_n have_v bring_v over_o to_o his_o side_n have_v make_v a_o long_a and_o confuse_a discourse_n without_o come_v to_o any_o certain_a conclusion_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n rise_v up_o in_o his_o place_n and_o blame_v vitold_n design_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o zeal_n and_o boldness_n put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o all_o the_o article_n agree_v upon_o betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o he_o and_o confirm_v by_o mutual_a oath_n by_o which_o they_o have_v unite_v lithuania_n to_o poland_n that_o it_o be_v a_o shame_n for_o a_o prince_n of_o his_o age_n and_o who_o have_v acquire_v so_o much_o glory_n to_o discover_v so_o irregular_a a_o ambition_n that_o will_v infallible_o expose_v both_o the_o polander_n and_o lithuanian_n to_o unavoidable_a ruin_n add_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o consider_v that_o sigismund_n kindness_n be_v treacherous_a and_o fatal_a that_o he_o ought_v to_o suspect_v a_o present_a that_o be_v offer_v he_o by_o their_o common_a enemy_n that_o the_o design_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v only_o to_o create_v a_o jealousy_n betwixt_o he_o and_o his_o nephew_n that_o he_o may_v execute_v his_o design_n upon_o two_o disunited_a prince_n which_o he_o dare_v not_o attempt_v while_o they_o be_v friend_n that_o he_o ought_v to_o set_v a_o great_a value_n on_o the_o favour_n and_o kindness_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o king_n his_o nephew_n and_o from_o the_o polander_n than_o upon_o the_o vain_a and_o deceitful_a promise_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o german_n never_o have_v any_o real_a kindness_n either_o for_o he_o or_o the_o king_n that_o they_o have_v often_o violate_v the_o condition_n of_o peace_n agree_v on_o between_o the_o two_o nation_n and_o that_o under_o the_o pretext_n of_o do_v they_o good_a office_n they_o have_v make_v frequent_a attempt_n to_o ruin_v they_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o consider_v that_o the_o king_n have_v prefer_v he_o before_o his_o own_o brother_n by_o entrust_v he_o with_o so_o great_a a_o authority_n in_o lithuania_n that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v delude_v by_o the_o pernicious_a insinuation_n of_o sigismond_n and_o that_o he_o hope_v so_o wise_a and_o judicious_a a_o prince_n will_v neither_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v impose_v upon_o nor_o the_o glory_n of_o so_o many_o illustrious_a action_n which_o he_o have_v perform_v to_o be_v stain_v by_o the_o treacherous_a artifices_fw-la of_o his_o enemy_n this_o harangue_n be_v applaud_v by_o the_o whole_a senate_n which_o so_o exasperate_v vitold_v that_o he_o go_v out_o of_o the_o assembly_n after_o he_o have_v assure_v they_o that_o since_o they_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o comply_v with_o he_o he_o will_v find_v some_o other_o way_n to_o compass_v his_o design_n thus_o the_o senate_n break_v up_o and_o king_n jagellon_n return_v to_o poland_n but_o sigismond_n stay_v some_o time_n with_o vitold_a at_o luceoria_n after_o which_o he_o go_v immediate_o to_o hungary_n lest_o the_o polander_n who_o he_o have_v offend_v shall_v raise_v some_o disturbance_n in_o that_o country_n and_o some_o time_n after_o he_o send_v a_o fine_a present_n to_o vitold_a as_o a_o pledge_n of_o the_o league_n they_o have_v enter_v into_o upon_o certain_a condition_n the_o king_n leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o secure_v himself_o against_o the_o attempt_n of_o his_o uncle_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o ill_a effect_n of_o the_o advice_n which_o sigismond_n have_v give_v he_o to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o lithuania_n for_o he_o have_v receive_v information_n that_o he_o have_v enter_v into_o a_o alliance_n with_o the_o tentonic_a knight_n by_o the_o emperor_n advice_n and_o mediation_n vitold_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n in_o pursuance_n of_o his_o design_n force_v the_o lithuanian_n to_o take_v a_o new_a oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o he_o and_o place_v garrison_n in_o the_o town_n of_o lithuania_n that_o border_v upon_o poland_n jagellon_fw-mi not_o be_v able_a to_o dissuade_v his_o uncle_n vitold_v from_o pursue_v the_o unnatural_a resolution_n with_o which_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v inspire_v he_o and_o understanding_n that_o he_o be_v sudden_o to_o be_v crown_v give_v order_n to_o lie_v in_o wait_n for_o those_o who_o shall_v be_v send_v to_o he_o and_o to_o surprise_v they_o in_o their_o journey_n from_o prussia_n to_o lithuania_n and_o according_o the_o chamberlain_z of_o posnania_n who_o receive_v that_o order_n seize_v two_o of_o those_o envoy_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o poland_n viz._n baptista_n cigale_n of_o genova_n and_o sigismond_n roth_n of_o silesia_n who_o be_v go_v to_o vitold_a in_o lithuania_n and_o take_v from_o they_o the_o letter_n which_o they_o be_v carry_v to_o he_o those_o letter_n be_v write_v to_o satisfy_v he_o that_o a_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o a_o emperor_n have_v power_n to_o erect_v new_a kingdom_n these_o envoy_n be_v also_o entrust_v with_o letter_n patent_n for_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n into_o a_o kingdom_n and_o beside_o they_o be_v impower_v to_o treat_v of_o a_o alliance_n with_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n against_o the_o polander_n the_o king_n have_v peruse_v all_o the_o letter_n command_v the_o chamberlain_n of_o posnania_n to_o return_v to_o the_o frontier_n of_o poland_n for_o sigismond_n be_v send_v to_o vitold_a a_o embassy_n of_o german_n bohemian_o and_o hungarian_n who_o be_v carry_v the_o crown_n and_o all_o the_o royal_a ornament_n to_o he_o and_o be_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o next_o morning_n but_o by_o that_o time_n they_o have_v reach_v frankfurt_n upon_o the_o oder_fw-ge they_o understand_v that_o the_o polander_n have_v block_v up_o all_o the_o passage_n so_o that_o after_o they_o have_v stay_v two_o month_n in_o that_o city_n without_o dare_v to_o proceed_v on_o their_o journey_n they_o return_v to_o germany_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n vitold_v who_o have_v invite_v all_o the_o principal_a lord_n of_o lithuania_n and_o russia_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n to_o vilna_n to_o assist_v at_o the_o ceremony_n of_o his_o coronation_n perceive_v that_o he_o be_v disappoint_v resolve_v himself_o to_o invite_v the_o king_n his_o nephew_n to_o a_o hunting-match_n in_o lithuania_n hope_v that_o he_o may_v easy_o persuade_v he_o to_o consent_v to_o his_o advancement_n but_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o goodness_n and_o easiness_n of_o the_o king_n temper_n order_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n to_o accompany_v he_o that_o he_o may_v not_o do_v any_o thing_n without_o his_o advice_n when_o the_o king_n arrive_v at_o viâ—na_n vitold_v pray_v he_o to_o consent_v to_o his_o coronation_n and_o not_o to_o envy_v he_o the_o honour_n of_o wear_v a_o crown_n to_o which_o the_o king_n answer_v that_o he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o poland_n who_o have_v send_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n with_o he_o that_o he_o may_v do_v nothing_o without_o his_o approbation_n upon_o which_o vitold_v send_v some_o person_n to_o that_o prelate_n to_o bribe_v his_o fidelity_n with_o assurance_n of_o a_o magnificent_a reward_n add_v in_o a_o flatter_a and_o oblige_v manner_n that_o his_o fortune_n depend_v upon_o he_o and_o that_o he_o hope_v he_o will_v not_o prove_v the_o only_a enemy_n to_o his_o advancement_n those_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o this_o message_n have_v order_n to_o tell_v the_o bishop_n that_o he_o ought_v to_o consider_v what_o a_o affront_v it_o will_v be_v to_o their_o master_n if_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v crown_v king_n that_o he_o desire_v no_o more_o than_o that_o he_o will_v suffer_v he_o to_o wear_v the_o crown_n for_o a_o moment_n and_o that_o he_o will_v quit_v it_o immediate_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o assure_v he_o that_o if_o he_o continue_v obstinate_o to_o oppose_v that_o prince_n design_n he_o will_v be_v his_o irreconcilable_a enemy_n and_o do_v every_o thing_n that_o lie_v in_o his_o power_n to_o dispossess_v he_o
the_o russian_n that_o they_o can_v never_o afterward_o be_v reconcile_v and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o cossack_n and_o of_o all_o the_o disaster_n with_o which_o poland_n be_v afterward_o harass_v such_o be_v the_o dismal_a effect_n of_o that_o change_n of_o religion_n and_o of_o those_o ceremony_n which_o the_o polish_v gentry_n will_v have_v introduce_v into_o their_o territory_n in_o russia_n they_o ought_v to_o have_v consider_v that_o the_o best_a innovation_n be_v frequent_o attend_v with_o fatal_a consequence_n and_o their_o own_o country_n may_v have_v furnish_v they_o with_o a_o very_a instructive_a example_n of_o this_o nature_n the_o lutheran_n doctrine_n be_v introduce_v into_o riga_n by_o a_o sedition_n of_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n in_o the_o year_n 1586_o not_o long_o after_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o calendar_n make_v by_o pope_n gregory_n xiii_o have_v be_v publish_v there_o some_o person_n resolve_v to_o celebrate_v the_o feast_n of_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a calendar_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n imprison_v the_o principal_a of_o the_o college_n because_o he_o be_v the_o first_o who_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n which_o raise_v so_o great_a a_o uproar_v in_o the_o city_n that_o the_o people_n in_o the_o nighttime_n break_v open_v the_o prison_n and_o pull_v down_o the_o house_n of_o the_o curate_n and_o of_o the_o governor_n and_o even_o the_o disorder_n be_v so_o great_a that_o almost_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o those_o who_o defend_v the_o roman-catholick_n religion_n and_o especial_o the_o jesuit_n who_o king_n stephen_n battori_n have_v settle_v there_o in_o the_o year_n 1582_o after_o he_o have_v give_v they_o certain_a revenue_n and_o a_o church_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o canon_n during_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o tumult_n the_o incense_a people_n imprison_v some_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o put_v some_o other_o to_o death_n so_o that_o be_v sensible_a of_o their_o gild_n and_o despair_v of_o pardon_n they_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o other_o lutheran_n and_o never_o afterward_o return_v to_o their_o ancient_a religion_n thus_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o restrain_v of_o the_o cossack_n from_o make_v incursion_n and_o the_o change_n of_o religion_n which_o the_o lord_n of_o poland_n will_v have_v introduce_v into_o their_o territory_n in_o russia_n and_o vkrania_n be_v the_o two_o principal_a cause_n of_o that_o people_n revolt_n but_o there_o be_v also_o another_o reason_n that_o cause_v that_o fierce_a and_o untractable_a nation_n to_o rebel_v the_o gentry_n of_o upper_a volhinia_n be_v so_o addict_v to_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n that_o they_o can_v not_o endure_v the_o cossack_n because_o their_o neighbourhood_n give_v a_o bad_a example_n to_o all_o their_o subject_n and_o dispose_v they_o to_o shake_v off_o the_o insupportable_a yoke_n of_o servitude_n for_o they_o think_v it_o better_a to_o live_v like_o the_o cossack_n at_o liberty_n and_o without_o constraint_n than_o to_o work_v and_o till_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o oppressor_n so_o that_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o gentleman_n augment_v the_o number_n of_o the_o cossack_n by_o force_v the_o peasant_n to_o forsake_v their_o habitation_n and_o retire_v to_o they_o the_o four_o reason_n that_o the_o cossack_n have_v to_o complain_v of_o the_o gentry_n proceed_v from_o the_o sordid_a usury_n and_o insatiable_a avarice_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o poland_n except_o in_o the_o province_n of_o massovia_n where_o they_o be_v only_o permit_v to_o remain_v when_o there_o be_v a_o diet_n sit_v at_o warsaw_n they_o live_v miserable_o through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n because_o they_o be_v oppress_v and_o squeeze_v by_o the_o gentry_n they_o be_v usual_o the_o person_n who_o sell_v aquavitae_a and_o beer_n and_o farm_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o lord_n which_o they_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n at_o a_o excessive_a price_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o make_v bad_a brandy_n and_o beer_n they_o be_v first_o introduce_v into_o poland_n by_o a_o duke_n of_o kalisch_n who_o bring_v they_o from_o germany_n and_o establish_v they_o in_o his_o and_o some_o other_o city_n of_o lower_n poland_n from_o whence_o they_o spread_v themselves_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o have_v the_o privilege_n not_o to_o acknowledge_v any_o judge_n but_o only_o the_o palatine_n who_o they_o easy_o soften_v not_o to_o say_v corrupt_a by_o the_o present_v they_o make_v they_o their_o usury_n and_o exaction_n upon_o the_o people_n have_v sometime_o rise_v to_o such_o a_o exorbitant_a height_n that_o they_o have_v obtain_v a_o prohibition_n for_o any_o private_a person_n to_o brew_v beer_n not_o even_o for_o themselves_o by_o which_o mean_n they_o oblige_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o buy_v it_o of_o they_o at_o what_o price_n they_o please_v to_o impose_v upon_o it_o the_o son_n of_o king_n vladislaus_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1647_o the_o cossack_n begin_v again_o to_o revolt_v under_o the_o command_n of_o one_o chemeinski_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o make_v the_o cossack_n join_v the_o tartar_n notwithstanding_o the_o mortal_a enmity_n that_o be_v former_o betwixt_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a difference_n of_o their_o language_n manner_n and_o religion_n after_o they_o be_v thus_o unite_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o they_o make_v a_o terrible_a havoc_n in_o poland_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o relate_v their_o barbarity_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v a_o short_a character_n of_o chemelnski_n he_o understand_v war_n very_o well_o and_o be_v once_o secretary_n to_o the_o army_n he_o be_v also_o a_o man_n of_o learning_n and_o have_v study_v with_o the_o jesuit_n at_o leopold_n he_o know_v the_o weak_a side_n of_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n have_v be_v several_a time_n there_o in_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o envoy_n he_o be_v so_o exasperate_v by_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o estate_n which_o a_o polish_v lord_n have_v take_v from_o he_o by_o a_o lawsuit_n that_o immediate_o he_o have_v recourse_n to_o force_v and_o have_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n a_o multitude_n of_o people_n like_o himself_o and_o corrupt_v the_o cossack_n in_o the_o polish_v army_n he_o soon_o after_o prevail_v with_o the_o neighbour_a tartar_n to_o join_v he_o with_o who_o assistance_n he_o fall_v unexpected_o upon_o the_o polander_n who_o guard_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o afterward_o cut_v in_o piece_n part_n of_o their_o army_n and_o send_v the_o rest_n with_o their_o commander_n into_o slavery_n to_o tartary_n from_o that_o time_n he_o so_o manage_v the_o republic_n that_o sometime_o he_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v appease_v by_o promise_n and_o then_o raise_v a_o new_a insurrection_n according_a to_o the_o posture_n of_o his_o affair_n it_o be_v true_a he_o be_v sometime_o beat_v by_o the_o polander_n but_o it_o be_v no_o less_o certain_a that_o he_o always_o keep_v the_o advantage_n over_o they_o either_o by_o his_o own_o dexterity_n or_o by_o the_o division_n or_o neglect_v of_o the_o polish_v general_n who_o can_v not_o make_v a_o right_a use_n of_o their_o victory_n he_o be_v often_o reconcile_v to_o the_o republic_n but_o never_o trust_v in_o they_o he_o be_v natural_o of_o a_o turbulent_a spirit_n keep_v his_o man_n always_o in_o arm_n against_o poland_n and_o fortify_v his_o interest_n by_o the_o affiance_n of_o some_o potent_a neighbour_n for_o it_o be_v his_o constant_a practice_n to_o change_v his_o affies_n according_a to_o the_o state_n of_o his_o affair_n thus_o after_o the_o tartar_n have_v conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n john_n casimir_n he_o implore_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n so_o that_o poland_n can_v hardly_o entertain_v any_o hope_n of_o be_v able_a to_o reduce_v the_o cossack_n during_o the_o life_n of_o so_o politic_a a_o general_n after_o the_o death_n of_o vladislaus_n iv_o may_v 30_o 1648_o john_n casimir_n his_o brother_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n nou._n 17_o in_o the_o same_o year_n he_o immediate_o apply_v himself_o to_o remedy_v the_o ill_a state_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o to_o repair_v the_o loss_n it_o have_v sustain_v by_o the_o irruption_n which_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n have_v make_v even_o into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o the_o defeat_n at_o pilaveze_n sept._n 29_o 1648._o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n be_v compose_v of_o new-raised_a soldier_n and_o of_o militia_n they_o be_v encamp_v near_o the_o cossack_n end_n have_v even_o obtain_v some_o advantage_n over_o they_o but_o those_o revolter_n have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n in_o the_o evening_n with_o
this_o place_n he_o find_v the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n join_v together_o who_o he_o attack_v and_o fight_v for_o three_o day_n together_o during_o which_o time_n the_o battle_n be_v very_o obstinate_a on_o both_o side_n but_o at_o last_o the_o polish_v army_n obtain_v a_o entire_a victory_n over_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n and_o put_v chemelnski_n and_o the_o cham_n who_o command_v in_o person_n to_o flight_n this_o deseat_n oblige_v chemelnski_n to_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o poland_n which_o be_v conclude_v sept._n 28._o 1651_o but_o last_v not_o long_o for_o soon_o after_o the_o cossack_n be_v enrage_v by_o the_o insolency_n of_o the_o polish_v nobility_n and_o fear_v to_o fall_v again_o into_o their_o ancient_a bondage_n attack_v the_o army_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o total_o rout_v it_o i_o observe_v before_o that_o chemelnski_n have_v always_o the_o policy_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o alliance_n with_o such_o prince_n who_o be_v best_a able_a to_o support_v he_o in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o maxim_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o understand_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v make_v a_o peace_n with_o poland_n not_o dare_v to_o rely_v upon_o his_o own_o single_a strength_n he_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o and_o make_v a_o league_n with_o they_o which_o cost_v the_o polander_n the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n which_o the_o muscovite_n take_v the_o same_o year_n chemelnski_n die_v anno_fw-la 1658_o the_o cossack_n choose_v one_o vihowski_n for_o their_o general_n and_o threaten_v that_o they_o will_v put_v themselves_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o turk_n or_o the_o d._n of_o muscovy_n if_o the_o republic_n will_v not_o grant_v all_o that_o they_o demand_v upon_o which_o king_n john_n casimir_n consider_v that_o it_o will_v be_v equal_o disadvantageous_a to_o his_o kingdom_n whether_o they_o submit_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n or_o the_o turk_n conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o they_o by_o which_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o all_o their_o captain_n shall_v be_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n that_o vihowski_n their_o general_n shall_v be_v palatin_a of_o kiowia_fw-la that_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o greek_a religion_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o chief_a office_n and_o that_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o kiowia_fw-la shall_v have_v the_o rank_n of_o a_o senator_n beside_o the_o starostie_a of_o lubomliana_n be_v give_v to_o vihowski_n and_o that_o of_o bobrois_fw-mi to_o nieczaio_n on_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v hold_v they_o as_o fief_n of_o the_o republic_n these_o condition_n be_v afterward_o ratify_v by_o the_o diet_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o cossack_n captain_n from_o miserable_a peasant_n of_o russia_n as_o they_o be_v by_o their_o birth_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o polish_v nobleman_n i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o cossack_n be_v partly_o occasion_v by_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o polish_v gentleman_n for_o they_o be_v their_o lord_n and_o have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o they_o as_o they_o have_v still_o in_o poland_n over_o all_o their_o peasant_n those_o of_o vkrania_n not_o be_v able_a to_o support_v their_o insolency_n begin_v to_o revolt_v and_o by_o degree_n expel_v all_o the_o nobility_n there_o be_v several_a great_a lord_n who_o by_o this_o revolution_n lose_v above_o 100000_o crown_n a_o year_n among_o who_o be_v the_o above_o mention_v prince_n visnovieski_n who_o son_n i_o have_v see_v in_o poland_n so_o poor_a that_o he_o have_v only_o a_o yearly_a pension_n of_o six_o thousand_o livre_n which_o queen_n mary_n lovise_n allow_v he_o to_o subsist_v upon_o but_o fortune_n afterward_o raise_v he_o to_o the_o throne_n upon_o the_o abdication_n of_o king_n casimir_n as_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o observe_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n that_o fatal_a revolt_n of_o the_o cossack_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n iii_n augment_v by_o degree_n under_o the_o follow_a king_n not_o only_o deprive_v many_o polish_v gentleman_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o give_v the_o tartar_n occasion_n to_o carry_v away_o above_o a_o million_o of_o person_n into_o slavery_n but_o be_v also_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n throughout_o vkrania_n for_o it_o may_v be_v reasonable_o suppose_v that_o the_o turk_n endeavour_v to_o settle_v mahometism_n in_o that_o country_n in_o imitation_n of_o all_o conqueror_n who_o the_o letter_n to_o secure_v the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o people_n who_o they_o subdue_v force_v they_o to_o receive_v their_o religion_n as_o the_o most_o effectual_a way_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o obedience_n to_o their_o new_a master_n and_o even_o though_o the_o turk_n shall_v not_o endeavour_v to_o settle_v mahometism_n in_o all_o their_o conquest_n it_o will_v at_o last_o become_v the_o modish_a religion_n since_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o people_n to_o take_v the_o language_n and_o religion_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o favour_n they_o be_v desirous_a to_o procure_v the_o cossack_n have_v under_o several_a general_n maintain_v a_o war_n against_o the_o polander_n who_o perpetual_o labour_v to_o reduce_v they_o they_o be_v at_o last_o oblige_v to_o call_v in_o the_o turk_n and_o to_o put_v themselves_o under_o their_o protection_n thus_o be_v those_o infidel_n admit_v into_o vkrania_n and_o easy_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o city_n of_o caminiec_n which_o they_o find_v destitute_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n nevertheless_o they_o take_v it_o by_o capitulation_n but_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o observe_v the_o article_n they_o have_v grant_v by_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v to_o continue_v still_o in_o the_o profession_n of_o their_o ancient_a religion_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v master_n of_o the_o place_n they_o carry_v away_o into_o slavery_n all_o the_o people_n of_o that_o unhappy_a city_n and_o leave_v no_o mark_n of_o its_o have_v be_v once_o inhabit_v by_o christian_n but_o only_o the_o cathedral_n church_n which_o they_o have_v also_o turn_v to_o a_o mosque_n these_o be_v the_o fatal_a consequence_n of_o the_o insupportable_a tyranny_n of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o their_o unjustifiable_a cruelty_n to_o their_o subject_n but_o long_o before_o the_o turk_n invade_v poland_n they_o look_v upon_o vkrania_n as_o a_o country_n which_o they_o resolve_v to_o conquer_v at_o any_o rate_n and_o which_o they_o may_v easy_o subdue_v if_o the_o cossack_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o desire_v their_o protection_n beside_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o take_v hold_n of_o so_o favourable_a a_o opportunity_n to_o deliver_v themselves_o from_o such_o cruel_a and_o formidable_a enemy_n who_o have_v so_o often_o harass_v they_o by_o their_o piracy_n on_o the_o black_a sea_n they_o have_v make_v peace_n with_o the_o emperor_n and_o consequent_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o keep_v a_o army_n in_o hungary_n and_o after_o the_o 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and_o carry_v away_o the_o horse_n which_o he_o keep_v for_o the_o service_n of_o their_o king_n that_o he_o entreat_v he_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v restore_v to_o he_o without_o oblige_v he_o to_o right_v himself_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n he_o have_v receive_v nor_o from_o a_o defendor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n to_o give_v he_o cause_n to_o become_v its_o most_o cruel_a enemy_n that_o however_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o inform_v he_o it_o be_v necessary_a he_o shall_v have_v a_o private_a conference_n with_o he_o to_o treat_v in_o a_o friendly_a manner_n of_o the_o wrong_n and_o loss_n he_o have_v sustain_v jaslowieski_n be_v deep_o concern_v at_o this_o news_n that_o do_v acquaint_v he_o with_o his_o have_v offend_v a_o prince_n who_o be_v one_o of_o poland_n ally_n and_o also_o fear_v the_o king_n resentment_n send_v word_n to_o aslan_n that_o he_o be_v extreme_o sorry_a that_o the_o polander_n have_v offend_v one_o of_o his_o king_n ally_n that_o this_o happen_v thoro_fw-la '_o a_o mistake_n not_o know_v that_o the_o tartar_n who_o he_o meet_v do_v belong_v to_o he_o and_o think_v they_o be_v some_o of_o the_o crim_n tartar_n his_o enemy_n that_o he_o pray_v he_o to_o forgive_v he_o a_o fault_n of_o which_o his_o ignorance_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o restore_v all_o the_o horse_n that_o have_v be_v take_v then_o and_o give_v free_a leave_n to_o the_o tartar_n to_o come_v for_o they_o when_o they_o please_v aslan_n have_v receive_v this_o news_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o joy_n send_v immediate_o to_o fetch_v the_o horse_n and_o invite_v jaslowieski_n to_o come_v to_o oczakow_n with_o the_o man_n that_o be_v to_o bring_v they_o thither_o assure_v he_o that_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o fear_v and_o that_o at_o his_o arrival_n
controversy_n by_o the_o way_n of_o arm_n in_o public_a this_o be_v their_o way_n of_o live_v then_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o altogether_o abolish_v in_o some_o place_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n prince_n and_o then_o king_n be_v bring_v in_o among_o they_o yet_o with_o a_o more_o limit_a authority_n than_o in_o other_o country_n and_o after_o a_o elective_a manner_n as_o for_o law_n king_n casimir_n introduce_v the_o teutonick_n there_o in_o the_o year_n 1368._o and_o establish_v a_o sovereign_a court_n of_o justice_n at_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n as_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o his_o kingdom_n for_o poland_n be_v then_o of_o a_o far_o great_a extent_n than_o it_o be_v now_o so_o that_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o great_a state_n whereas_o at_o this_o time_n it_o may_v be_v almost_o call_v a_o frontier_n town_n since_o it_o be_v but_o twelve_o league_n from_o thence_o to_o silesia_n which_o be_v then_o a_o province_n of_o poland_n and_o now_o belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n the_o king_n use_v always_o to_o have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v the_o people_n take_v up_o arm_n as_o often_o as_o it_o be_v necessary_a and_o every_o man_n be_v excite_v to_o give_v some_o proof_n of_o valour_n because_o there_o be_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o rise_v and_o obtain_v the_o right_n of_o nobility_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o other_o reward_n to_o be_v expect_v as_o for_o those_o who_o be_v not_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o desire_n of_o honour_n and_o advancement_n the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n use_v to_o prevail_v with_o they_o for_o those_o who_o do_v not_o obey_v the_o king_n order_n be_v either_o whip_v with_o cord_n or_o cudgel_v into_o fight_v which_o convince_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o take_v arm_n with_o all_o speed_n in_o those_o day_n it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n to_o levy_v military_a man_n with_o money_n in_o poland_n for_o there_o be_v none_o at_o that_o time_n in_o that_o kingdom_n where_o they_o then_o till_v the_o ground_n bare_o to_o supply_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o have_v no_o thought_n of_o export_v corn_n out_o of_o the_o country_n nor_o of_o import_v those_o thing_n that_o serve_v only_o for_o superfluity_n and_o good_a cheer_v the_o soil_n which_o be_v fruitful_a of_o itself_o supply_v every_o one_o with_o a_o sufficient_a subsistence_n so_o that_o the_o peasant_n be_v not_o compel_v to_o work_v hard_o for_o if_o they_o wrought_v never_o so_o little_a they_o do_v enough_o for_o their_o master_n and_o for_o themselves_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o polish_v gentleman_n begin_v to_o exchange_v corn_n for_o foreign_a merchandise_n and_o riches_n and_o luxury_n be_v bring_v into_o that_o kingdom_n the_o military_a vigour_n begin_v to_o abate_v and_o the_o slavery_n of_o the_o peasant_n become_v intolerable_a poland_n be_v now_o proper_o a_o republic_n and_o it_o be_v by_o that_o name_n that_o the_o polander_n call_v it_o look_v upon_o their_o king_n as_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o head_n of_o their_o common_a wealth_n this_o make_v they_o lessen_v the_o king_n authority_n more_o and_o more_o when_o a_o new_a one_o be_v to_o be_v elect_v still_o enlarge_a their_o own_o privilege_n and_o take_v care_n that_o his_o prerogative_n may_v not_o grow_v too_o great_a they_o be_v indeed_o so_o jealous_a of_o their_o liberty_n and_o so_o afraid_a of_o lose_v it_o that_o they_o will_v not_o have_v any_o fortify_v town_n upon_o the_o frontier_n for_o fear_v the_o king_n shall_v put_v a_o garrison_n in_o it_o and_o so_o shall_v make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n by_o degree_n that_o sentiment_n be_v so_o strong_o root_v within_o their_o heart_n that_o they_o prepossess_v their_o child_n with_o it_o betimes_o make_v they_o believe_v that_o their_o native_a freedom_n will_v soon_o be_v lose_v if_o ever_o they_o suffer_v any_o town_n to_o be_v fortify_v upon_o the_o frontier_n but_o they_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o while_o they_o design_v to_o shun_v a_o great_a evil_n they_o fall_v into_o another_o that_o be_v worse_a since_o their_o neighbour_n who_o be_v all_o of_o they_o their_o enemy_n find_v the_o country_n open_a easy_o invade_v it_o and_o from_o time_n to_o time_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o some_o part_n of_o their_o state_n before_o the_o polander_n can_v be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o oppose_v their_o eruption_n as_o the_o swede_n do_v which_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v the_o republic_n of_o poland_n be_v compose_v of_o three_o order_n the_o king_n the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n thus_o all_o the_o rite_n and_o privilege_n be_v joint_o hold_v by_o those_o three_o order_n insomuch_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o law_n make_v nor_o abrogate_a no_o war_n levy_v no_o alliance_n conclude_v with_o foreigner_n no_o imposition_n lay_v 〈◊〉_d nor_o no_o money_n coin_a but_o with_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a republic_n or_o of_o the_o senator_n that_o be_v depute_v for_o that_o end_n therefore_o some_o of_o these_o be_v always_o near_o the_o king_n person_n in_o order_n to_o preserve_v the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n the_o king_n dispose_v of_o all_o the_o consistorial_n benefice_n and_o of_o many_o other_o as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o office_n and_o place_n of_o profit_n in_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o he_o can_v keep_v they_o to_o himself_o and_o be_v oblige_v to_o bestow_v they_o upon_o the_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o not_o upon_o foreigner_n though_o they_o have_v never_o so_o much_o personal_a merit_n or_o have_v do_v never_o so_o much_o service_n to_o the_o republic_n for_o the_o polander_n be_v so_o jealous_a of_o foreigner_n that_o they_o can_v endure_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v make_v they_o any_o connderable_a gratification_n as_o for_o instance_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n stephen_n batori_n the_o hungarian_n have_v be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o the_o republic_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o muscovite_n now_o that_o brave_a prince_n who_o have_v invite_v many_o of_o they_o into_o poland_n to_o repel_v that_o encroach_a enemy_n with_o their_o assistance_n think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o bestow_v some_o suitable_a reward_n upon_o they_o but_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o do_v this_o but_o that_o several_a of_o the_o great_a man_n of_o poland_n be_v strange_o exasperate_v particular_o the_o great_a general_n who_o resent_v it_o so_o high_o that_o he_o resign_v his_o place_n upon_o that_o account_n many_o other_o also_o murmur_v open_o against_o that_o prince_n which_o usage_n may_v seem_v the_o more_o ungenerous_a and_o ungrateful_a see_v they_o be_v so_o much_o oblige_v to_o that_o warlike_a king_n who_o have_v atcheive_v brave_a and_o great_a action_n for_o poland_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n thus_o all_o that_o a_o foreigner_n can_v pretend_v to_o in_o that_o republic_n can_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o the_o obtain_n the_o command_n of_o a_o regiment_n of_o foot_n or_o the_o grant_n of_o some_o little_a royal_a gift_n beside_o that_o he_o may_v be_v due_o qualify_v for_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o he_o must_v first_o be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n for_o otherwise_o the_o king_n can_v bestow_v any_o such_o thing_n upon_o he_o however_o there_o be_v some_o little_a royal_a gift_n and_o benefice_n which_o a_o man_n may_v hold_v without_o be_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n but_o in_o the_o main_a it_o be_v so_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n to_o possess_v a_o estate_n or_o place_n of_o considerable_a profit_n in_o that_o kingdom_n that_o king_n stephen_n battori_n who_o we_o just_a now_o mention_v think_v fit_a to_o procure_v the_o indigenate_n that_o be_v the_o right_n of_o nobility_n to_o two_o of_o his_o kinsman_n at_o the_o session_n of_o the_o diet_n which_o he_o have_v summon_v to_o meet_v the_o 13_o of_o december_n 1386._o for_o as_o he_o have_v no_o child_n he_o be_v desirous_a of_o advance_v those_o of_o his_o brother_n and_o be_v persuade_v that_o this_o naturalisation_n will_v enable_v he_o to_o prefer_v they_o to_o something_o more_o considerable_a but_o that_o great_a prince_n be_v prevent_v by_o death_n in_o the_o fifty_o four_o year_n of_o his_o age_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v ten_o year_n one_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o this_o mighty_a power_n which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v to_o dispose_v of_o so_o many_o place_n of_o trust_n and_o profit_n of_o so_o many_o land_n by_o royal_a tenure_n and_o of_o so_o many_o benefice_n must_v need_v gain_v he_o the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o those_o on_o who_o they_o
be_v conser_v and_o engage_v they_o to_o follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o his_o will_n with_o a_o blind_a obedience_n for_o there_o be_v few_o king_n in_o europe_n that_o have_v more_o favour_n to_o bestow_v than_o that_o prince_n neither_o can_v any_o other_o in_o less_o time_n make_v a_o very_a rich_a lord_n of_o a_o poor_a gentleman_n but_o it_o happen_v quite_o otherwise_o for_o not_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o polander_n who_o natural_o be_v none_o of_o the_o most_o grateful_a they_o know_v too_o well_o that_o their_o king_n can_v dispose_v of_o any_o of_o those_o preferment_n to_o any_o other_o but_o only_o to_o themselves_o and_o they_o believe_v that_o when_o he_o grant_v they_o any_o such_o place_n revenue_n or_o benefice_n he_o only_o give_v they_o back_o what_o belong_v to_o they_o by_o their_o native_a right_n and_o that_o thus_o his_o grant_n be_v not_o so_o much_o a_o act_n of_o grace_n as_o a_o piece_n of_o justice_n the_o rather_o because_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v the_o king_n neither_o aught_o nor_o can_v keep_v or_o convert_v any_o of_o those_o revenue_n to_o his_o own_o particular_a use_n or_o benefit_n nor_o can_v he_o suppress_v any_o place_n of_o trust_n or_o profit_n in_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o the_o nobility_n will_v not_o easy_o suffer_v he_o to_o give_v the_o least_o thing_n to_o foreigner_n for_o that_o powerful_a body_n be_v so_o jealous_a of_o its_o liberty_n that_o it_o will_v not_o give_v the_o king_n the_o least_o opportunity_n of_o increase_a his_o prerogative_n and_o authority_n by_o gain_v creature_n that_o will_v sole_o depend_v upon_o he_o the_o king_n do_v not_o succeed_v his_o predecessor_n no_o not_o though_o he_o be_v his_o father_n but_o he_o be_v free_o elect_v by_o the_o nobility_n who_o meet_v by_o their_o deputy_n in_o a_o general_n diet_n which_o always_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v near_o warsaw_n however_o though_o a_o king_n child_n have_v no_o manner_n of_o right_n in_o the_o republic_n yet_o be_v there_o always_o a_o due_a regard_n have_v to_o they_o insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v common_o one_o of_o they_o upon_o who_o the_o election_n fall_v after_o the_o decease_n of_o his_o father_n but_o nevertheless_o this_o be_v always_o do_v with_o the_o same_o ceremony_n and_o still_o observe_v the_o same_o rule_n as_o if_o a_o stranger_n be_v elect_v the_o polander_n take_v great_a care_n to_o preserve_v their_o right_n of_o not_o choose_v one_o of_o the_o decease_a king_n family_n believe_v that_o their_o happiness_n lie_v chief_o in_o the_o power_n which_o they_o have_v to_o make_v choice_n of_o what_o prince_n they_o please_v they_o have_v not_o only_o a_o due_a regard_n to_o the_o son_n of_o their_o king_n their_o consideration_n extend_v also_o to_o their_o daughter_n and_o even_o to_o their_o widow_n of_o which_o i_o will_v here_o relate_v some_o example_n lewis_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n be_v dead_a the_o 13_o of_o december_n 1382_o and_o have_v leave_v no_o other_o issue_n than_o two_o daughter_n the_o republic_n meet_v at_o radom_n in_o order_n to_o proceed_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n part_n of_o the_o senator_n incline_v to_o choose_v sigismond_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o have_v wed_v the_o elder_a of_o those_o two_o princess_n the_o other_o part_n be_v for_o hedwige_v who_o be_v the_o young_a and_o not_o yet_o of_o age_n to_o be_v marry_v thus_o after_o many_o consultation_n it_o be_v resolve_v at_o last_o in_o the_o diet_n that_o be_v keep_v at_o vielicza_n that_o some_o deputy_n shall_v be_v send_v by_o the_o republic_n to_o queen_n elizabeth_n who_o be_v then_o in_o hungary_n with_o the_o princess_n hedwige_v her_o daughter_n to_o entreat_v she_o to_o send_v that_o lady_n into_o poland_n and_o inform_v she_o that_o the_o senate_n have_v resolve_v to_o crown_v her_o queen_n and_o to_o elect_v a_o prince_n that_o will_v be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o marry_v she_o queen_n elizabeth_z who_o have_v no_o mind_n that_o this_o princess_n shall_v marry_v so_o young_a and_o beside_o that_o have_v a_o design_n to_o wed_v she_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o austria_n to_o who_o she_o have_v be_v betroth_v in_o king_n lewis_n her_o father_n life_n time_n send_v to_o acquaint_v the_o diet_n which_o be_v then_o hold_v at_o seradia_n that_o she_o will_v send_v the_o princess_n hedwige_v into_o poland_n at_o the_o follow_a easter_n but_o that_o she_o desire_v that_o she_o may_v return_v after_o that_o into_o hungary_n to_o remain_v with_o she_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n till_o she_o be_v of_o age_n to_o be_v marry_v the_o senator_n of_o poland_n have_v receive_v this_o answer_n do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o proceed_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n till_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o princess_n according_a to_o the_o promise_n of_o the_o queen_n her_o mother_n but_o find_v that_o she_o have_v not_o send_v she_o into_o poland_n at_o the_o time_n appoint_v the_o senate_n do_v a_o second_o time_n depute_v some_o of_o the_o nobility_n to_o let_v the_o queen_n know_v that_o though_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n be_v in_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o high_o require_v the_o presence_n of_o a_o king_n yet_o they_o be_v content_v to_o stay_v for_o the_o princess_n till_o the_o month_n of_o november_n 1383._o now_o the_o queen_n have_v neglect_v to_o send_v her_o daughter_n hedwige_v that_o second_o time_n the_o polander_v send_v she_o some_o deputy_n a_o three_o time_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o follow_a year_n but_o queen_n elizabeth_n have_v also_o break_v her_o word_n to_o they_o that_o time_n the_o senate_n be_v meet_v at_o radom_n send_v one_o single_a deputy_n to_o acquaint_v she_o that_o it_o have_v be_v resolve_v in_o the_o diet_n not_o to_o send_v any_o more_o to_o she_o and_o that_o if_o she_o have_v a_o mind_n that_o her_o daughter_n hedwige_n shall_v be_v queen_n they_o will_v still_o wait_v for_o she_o till_o the_o 8_o of_o may_n but_o that_o if_o after_o that_o time_n she_o do_v not_o appear_v the_o republic_n will_v proceed_v according_a as_o may_v be_v think_v most_o adviseable_a in_o the_o press_a necessity_n which_o they_o labour_v under_o for_o want_v of_o a_o king_n the_o queen_n have_v hear_v the_o senate_n final_a resolution_n instead_o of_o send_v her_o daughter_n hedwige_v into_o poland_n advise_v her_o son-in-law_n sigismond_n to_o go_v thither_o with_o some_o force_n to_o govern_v the_o republic_n till_o her_o daughter_n hedwige_n be_v grow_v up_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o polander_v hear_v of_o sigsmund_n approach_n they_o raise_v some_o man_n with_o all_o speed_n to_o oppose_v that_o prince_n who_o they_o particular_o hate_v at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o send_v to_o let_v he_o know_v that_o if_o he_o presume_v to_o enter_v poland_n they_o will_v declare_v themselves_o his_o open_a enemy_n this_o oblige_v he_o to_o go_v back_o and_o send_v to_o desire_v they_o to_o stay_v till_o the_o whitsuntide_n follow_v for_o the_o princess_n hedwige_n come_v according_o they_o stay_v and_o not_o only_o till_o then_o but_o also_o till_o the_o month_n of_o october_n after_o that_o at_o which_o time_n she_o arrive_v at_o cracow_n where_o immediate_o she_o be_v crown_v queen_n of_o poland_n on_o st._n hedwige_n of_o lignitz'_v day_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o relate_v this_o passage_n to_o the_o nonstrate_v that_o the_o pole_n have_v no_o common_a regard_n to_o the_o royal_a progeny_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v that_o any_o thing_n can_v illustrate_v that_o respect_n more_o than_o the_o patience_n with_o which_o they_o wait_v and_o that_o too_o at_o a_o time_n while_o they_o have_v so_o much_o need_n of_o elect_v a_o king_n for_o the_o kingdom_n be_v then_o disturb_v not_o only_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n who_o have_v a_o considerable_a party_n in_o the_o republic_n endeavour_v to_o be_v make_v king_n of_o poland_n as_o be_v one_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n of_o casimir_n the_o great_a but_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o the_o russian_n also_o be_v not_o a_o little_a troublesome_a and_o there_o be_v then_o many_o robery_n plundering_n and_o strange_a disorder_n commit_v every_o where_o with_o impunity_n because_o the_o kingdom_n be_v destitute_a of_o a_o head_n when_o hedwige_n have_v be_v crown_v and_o the_o republic_n be_v study_v how_o to_o get_v she_o a_o proper_a husband_n jagello_n duke_n of_o lithuania_n send_v his_o two_o brother_n to_o she_o with_o very_o considerable_a present_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n offer_v to_o renounce_v his_o idolatrous_a worship_n and_o turn_v christian_n as_o also_o to_o endeavour_v to_o make_v his_o subject_n do_v the_o same_o and_o to_o unite_v his_o duchy_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n for_o the_o future_a and_o present_v the_o republic_n with_o two_o
nay_o even_o his_o lady_n though_o a_o french-woman_n of_o the_o house_n of_o mailly_n can_v never_o be_v bring_v to_o side_n with_o the_o french_a faction_n though_o very_o advantageous_a offer_n be_v make_v to_o she_o she_o be_v lady_n of_o honour_n to_o queen_n eleonor_n and_o have_v promise_v she_o to_o be_v faithful_a to_o she_o which_o she_o do_v inviolable_o this_o unshaken_a fidelity_n in_o a_o austrian_a french-woman_n be_v such_o that_o even_o the_o french_a themselves_o can_v not_o but_o admire_v and_o esteem_v it_o it_o be_v their_o nature_n to_o prefer_v that_o virtue_n to_o all_o the_o advantage_n that_o can_v be_v propose_v to_o they_o to_o engage_v they_o to_o part_v with_o it_o france_n have_v then_o almost_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n its_o enemy_n but_o be_v still_o so_o fortunate_a that_o heaven_n will_v not_o somuch_o as_o suffer_v she_o to_o compass_v those_o thing_n which_o she_o most_o earnest_o desire_v when_o in_o process_n of_o time_n those_o thing_n may_v have_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o her_o interest_n thus_o the_o divine_a providence_n will_v not_o permit_v the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n to_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n though_o france_n use_v all_o her_o endeavour_n to_o make_v the_o choice_n fall_v upon_o he_o which_o if_o it_o have_v take_v effect_n will_v undoubted_o have_v be_v disadvantageous_a to_o that_o nation_n for_o that_o prince_n will_v not_o have_v fail_v to_o have_v prove_v her_o enemy_n as_o do_v his_o father_n soon_o after_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o the_o emperor_n i_o return_v now_o to_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n power_n to_o dispose_v of_o all_o the_o place_n and_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o duchy_n those_o on_o who_o he_o bestow_v they_o ought_v not_o only_o to_o be_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n but_o aught_o also_o to_o be_v possess_v of_o some_o estate_n in_o land_n in_o the_o state_n or_o country_n to_o which_o the_o say_a place_n or_o office_n proper_o belong_v so_o that_o a_o gentleman_n who_o estate_n lie_v all_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n can_v have_v a_o office_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n neither_o can_v he_o who_o estate_n be_v altogether_o in_o the_o duchy_n have_v a_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n which_o order_n be_v regular_o observe_v though_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n be_v now_o proper_o but_o one_o body_n and_o be_v no_o more_o than_o one_o people_n differ_v but_o in_o few_o thing_n as_o to_o their_o manner_n of_o live_v nevertheless_o in_o the_o time_n that_o i_o live_v in_o lithuania_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o polite_a part_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n come_v near_o to_o to_o the_o french_a than_o the_o polander_n do_v in_o all_o their_o way_n and_o particular_o in_o their_o briskness_n and_o gayty_n though_o lithuania_n be_v remote_a from_o france_n than_o poland_n when_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n enter_v a_o city_n the_o magistrate_n ought_v always_o to_o bring_v he_o the_o key_n and_o he_o have_v power_n to_o make_v his_o own_o regiment_n of_o guard_n keep_v watch_v at_o the_o gate_n the_o citizen_n of_o dantzick_n alone_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o guard_v their_o own_o gate_n when_o the_o king_n enter_v that_o city_n nay_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o hinder_v any_o force_n from_o enter_v with_o the_o king_n and_o to_o go_v the_o round_n all_o night_n in_o the_o street_n as_o long_o as_o he_o stay_v within_o their_o wall_n but_o it_o must_v indeed_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o dantzic_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a hans-town_n be_v proper_o a_o free_a republic_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o poland_n consequent_o it_o have_v all_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o entire_a sovereignty_n for_o it_o condemn_v to_o death_n without_o appeal_n even_o the_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n themselves_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o commit_v any_o crime_n there_o that_o deserve_v a_o capital_a punishment_n it_o have_v a_o mint_n of_o its_o own_o and_o coin_n its_o own_o money_n without_o any_o previous_a leave_n or_o permission_n obtain_v from_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n though_o they_o stamp_v the_o king_n image_n upon_o it_o and_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o take_v in_o payment_n the_o base_a money_n of_o that_o state_n however_o though_o the_o people_n of_o dantzic_n may_v thus_o be_v reckon_v a_o republic_n and_o particular_a sovereign_a state_n they_o be_v nevertheless_o oblige_v to_o send_v to_o the_o diet_n some_o deputy_n who_o never_o fail_v to_o speak_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o dantzic_n and_o who_o consequently_n never_o fail_v to_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o chancellor_n who_o always_o desire_v they_o to_o be_v silent_a forbid_v they_o to_o take_v that_o quality_n upon_o they_o which_o yet_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o take_v afterward_o in_o the_o follow_a diet_n dantzic_n be_v situate_v about_o a_o league_n from_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o almost_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n vistula_n that_o city_n till_o the_o year_n 1170_o consist_v only_o of_o some_o fishermen_n cottage_n but_o have_v raise_v itself_o since_o that_o time_n to_o such_o a_o height_n of_o greatness_n that_o it_o pass_v now_o for_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o europe_n it_o must_v indeed_o be_v own_a that_o it_o be_v a_o fine_a and_o stately_a place_n and_o its_o port_n or_o harbour_v very_o famous_a but_o of_o difficult_a access_n because_o the_o vistula_n divide_v itself_o into_o several_a branch_n before_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o branch_n which_o go_v to_o dantzic_n be_v one_o of_o the_o least_o of_o they_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o great_a ship_n have_v not_o water_n enough_o to_o anchor_v with_o their_o lade_n through_o that_o branch_n into_o the_o harbour_n of_o dantzic_n between_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o port_n there_o lie_v a_o fort_n which_o be_v call_v the_o light-house_n because_o there_o be_v a_o beacon_n in_o it_o where_o there_o be_v a_o light_a every_o night_n that_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v come_v into_o the_o harbour_n may_v discover_v it_o a_o far_o off_o dantzic_n be_v the_o town_n of_o the_o great_a trade_n in_o all_o prussia_n most_o of_o which_o traffic_n consist_v in_o corn_n as_o do_v almost_o all_o the_o trade_n of_o poland_n the_o dantzicker_n have_v such_o a_o privilege_n that_o none_o but_o themselves_o can_v be_v allow_v to_o buy_v any_o corn_n of_o the_o polander_n when_o once_o it_o be_v enter_v in_o their_o port_n whether_o vast_a quantity_n be_v bring_v to_o they_o from_o all_o part_n by_o the_o vistula_n half_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o port_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n since_o the_o time_n that_o king_n sigismond_n augustus_n oblige_v the_o dantzicker_n to_o grant_v he_o that_o tribute_n for_o their_o presumption_n in_o propose_v some_o provoke_v condition_n to_o he_o before_o they_o will_v suffer_v his_o deputy_n to_o come_v into_o their_o city_n dantzic_n be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o all_o prussia_n it_o be_v about_o seven_o league_n from_o elbing_n and_o twenty_o six_o from_o thorn_n it_o be_v well_o enough_o fortify_v consider_v the_o country_n since_o the_o irruption_n which_o the_o sweede_v make_v into_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1655._o but_o there_o be_v some_o ground_n that_o overlook_v and_o command_v it_o on_o the_o westside_n from_o this_o town_n the_o polander_n draw_v what_o good_n they_o want_v of_o foreign_a growth_n and_o manufacture_n as_o cloth_n silk_n stuff_n leather_n paper_n sugar_n oil_n and_o all_o the_o spice_n which_o they_o use_v in_o very_o great_a quantity_n to_o season_n their_o fish_n and_o other_o meat_n i_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o wine_n and_o brandy_n nor_o of_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v bring_v thither_o from_o france_n and_o worth_a but_o a_o crown_n the_o french_a muid_n or_o hogshead_n because_o as_o for_o wine_n the_o pole_n like_o no_o other_o but_o that_o of_o hungary_n as_o for_o brandy_n they_o make_v it_o at_o home_n with_o corn_n and_o as_o for_o salt_n their_o country_n abound_v with_o it_o thus_o the_o wine_n brandy_n and_o salt_n that_o come_v from_o france_n to_o dantzic_n serve_v only_o for_o prussia_n however_o there_o be_v such_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o other_o good_n export_v from_o dantzic_n to_o poland_n and_o so_o great_a a_o return_v make_v from_o that_o kingdom_n thither_o in_o corn_n money_n and_o other_o thing_n that_o as_o it_o be_v the_o only_a place_n from_o which_o they_o draw_v all_o their_o necessary_n and_o to_o which_o they_o trade_n it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o to_o be_v admire_v how_o that_o town_n be_v come_v to_o be_v so_o rich_a and_o considerable_a all_o the_o dantzicker_n be_v former_o roman_a catholic_n but_o they_o embrace_v the_o
lutheran_n persuasion_n in_o the_o last_o age_n as_o do_v most_o of_o the_o northern_a nation_n they_o begin_v to_o imbibe_n that_o doctrine_n in_o the_o year_n 1525._o in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n the_o first_o who_o do_v not_o dare_v to_o oppose_v it_o because_o he_o be_v afraid_a of_o engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n the_o truce_n which_o he_o have_v make_v with_o they_o be_v then_o near_o expire_v sigismond_n augustus_n have_v afterward_o receive_v the_o homage_n and_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o himself_o and_o the_o republic_n from_o albert_n duke_n of_o prussia_n he_o confirm_v the_o people_n of_o prussia_n in_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n and_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o make_v open_a profession_n of_o the_o lutheran_n belief_n according_a to_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o dantzic_n be_v lutheran_n and_o the_o other_o part_n calvinist_n there_o be_v only_o some_o few_o roman_a catholik_o and_o anabaptist_n for_o there_o be_v a_o entire_a liberty_n of_o conscience_n yet_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o whole_a government_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lutheran_n none_o of_o the_o other_o sect_n be_v admit_v to_o a_o share_n the_o roman_a catholik_o have_v a_o church_n there_o which_o be_v a_o convent_n of_o dominican_n monk_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o parish_n to_o all_o those_o that_o reside_v in_o the_o town_n the_o jesuit_n have_v also_o a_o house_n in_o the_o suburb_n where_o there_o be_v likewise_o a_o nunnery_n as_o for_o the_o lutheran_n they_o have_v that_o stately_a church_n which_o be_v of_o old_a enjoy_v by_o the_o roman_a catholic_n and_o which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o fine_a building_n that_o i_o have_v see_v in_o poland_n it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o at_o dantzic_n even_o among_o the_o lutheran_n they_o acknowledge_v the_o pope_n nunicio_n that_o reside_v in_o poland_n in_o several_a eclesiastical_a case_n as_o for_o licenses_fw-la and_o dispensation_n to_o marry_v in_o a_o degree_n forbid_v by_o the_o canon_n i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v of_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n but_o only_o that_o it_o disclaim_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o poland_n its_o inhabitant_n say_v that_o it_o do_v not_o submit_v to_o the_o polander_n but_o only_o to_o the_o king_n to_o vindicate_v that_o right_n of_o exemption_n the_o dantzicker_n take_v arm_n in_o the_o year_n 1576._o and_o march_v as_o far_o as_o ditschow_n upon_o the_o vistula_n with_o some_o force_n which_o they_o have_v raise_v under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o certain_a officer_n call_v john_n of_o cologn_n who_o have_v before_o that_o deafen_a marienburg_n but_o they_o be_v defeat_v by_o the_o army_n of_o poland_n however_o the_o king_n afterward_o forgive_v they_o at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o brandenburg_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v send_v any_o ambassador_n to_o foreign_a prince_n nor_o receive_v any_o from_o they_o without_o the_o senate_n consent_n though_o it_o be_v he_o that_o be_v to_o give_v they_o audience_n neither_o can_v he_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n upon_o any_o account_n let_v the_o importance_n be_v what_o it_o will_n sigismond_n iii_n have_v hear_v of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n john_n king_n of_o sweden_n summon_v a_o diet_n at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n 1592._o that_o the_o republic_n may_v consent_v to_o the_o journey_n which_o he_o intend_v to_o take_v into_o swedeland_n and_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1370_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o return_v into_o hungary_n be_v oblige_v to_o ask_v consent_n and_o to_o enlarge_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n that_o he_o may_v obtain_v it_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v a_o right_a to_o judge_v and_o determine_v civil_a and_o criminal_a case_n the_o definitive_a sentence_n in_o all_o jurisdiction_n be_v past_o according_a to_o the_o majority_n of_o vote_n but_o in_o criminal_a case_n the_o king_n be_v single_a vote_n save_v the_o offender_n life_n and_o this_o because_o he_o have_v a_o right_a to_o pardon_v all_o manner_n of_o criminal_n by_o what_o tribunal_n soever_o they_o be_v condemn_v but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o the_o decision_n of_o those_o affair_n that_o concern_v the_o republic_n which_o be_v handle_v in_o a_o general_a diet_n where_o all_o the_o nobility_n be_v assemble_v by_o its_o deputy_n for_o than_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o have_v the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o those_o deputy_n who_o number_n be_v considerable_a before_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v conclude_v and_o determine_v so_o that_o as_o often_o as_o any_o one_o member_n of_o the_o assembly_n will_v not_o consent_v and_o enter_v his_o protestation_n the_o diet_n break_v off_o and_o all_o the_o deputy_n depart_v nor_o can_v the_o king_n oblige_v they_o to_o stay_v nor_o get_v another_o diet_n to_o assemble_v till_o three_o month_n after_o that_o which_o then_o break_v off_o but_o though_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v hardly_o do_v any_o thing_n by_o himself_o yet_o he_o may_v take_v cognisance_n of_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o soldier_n regulate_v their_o number_n and_o command_v the_o army_n not_o but_o that_o he_o that_o be_v great_a general_n of_o it_o still_o have_v a_o great_a authority_n over_o the_o soldier_n as_o i_o will_v show_v hereafter_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o senate_n in_o general_n the_o senate_n of_o poland_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o bishop_n palatine_n castellan_n and_o the_o ten_o officer_n of_o state_n who_o dignity_n entitle_v they_o to_o a_o place_n in_o that_o assembly_n it_o be_v institute_v to_o regulate_v according_a to_o the_o justice_n and_o equity_n of_o the_o law_n all_o that_o be_v transact_v for_o the_o good_a and_o security_n of_o the_o state_n the_o king_n create_v the_o senator_n and_o before_o he_o advances_n they_o to_o that_o honour_n make_v they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o republic_n but_o after_o they_o be_v once_o admit_v into_o that_o body_n they_o can_v be_v afterward_o displace_v in_o the_o general_n diet_v they_o sit_v at_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o king_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o seniority_n of_o their_o reception_n it_o be_v they_o who_o with_o the_o king_n approve_v and_o ratify_v all_o the_o constitution_n which_o the_o nobility_n propose_v to_o they_o by_o their_o deputy_n so_o that_o the_o senator_n be_v as_o it_o be_v mediator_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o nobility_n to_o preserve_v and_o defend_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o republic_n for_o it_o be_v in_o this_o order_n that_o the_o authority_n be_v proper_o lodge_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o person_n of_o which_o it_o be_v compose_v but_o by_o a_o power_n they_o derive_v from_o the_o law_n which_o determine_v their_o respective_a duty_n and_o privilege_n the_o senator_n value_v their_o dignity_n so_o much_o that_o they_o despise_v all_o the_o title_n of_o honour_n which_o the_o emperor_n be_v wont_a to_o bestow_v thus_o when_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o his_o brother_n vladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n go_v to_o vienna_n the_o emperor_n offer_v to_o confer_v upon_o the_o senator_n who_o accompany_v they_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o they_o refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o say_v that_o since_o they_o be_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o have_v power_n to_o treat_v with_o their_o king_n both_o of_o peace_n and_o war_n he_o do_v they_o a_o injury_n to_o think_v that_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n can_v either_o be_v more_o honourable_a or_o great_a than_o that_o of_o senator_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n the_o senator_n swear_v to_o maintain_v the_o right_n liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o republic_n against_o all_o opposition_n so_o that_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v attempt_v to_o extend_v his_o power_n beyond_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n which_o he_o be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n to_o preserve_v the_o senator_n may_v put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o oath_n without_o lose_v that_o respect_n which_o be_v due_a to_o his_o majesty_n and_o therefore_o there_o ought_v always_o to_o be_v four_o senator_n at_o court_n both_o to_o assist_v the_o king_n with_o their_o counsel_n and_o to_o see_v that_o nothing_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o their_o privilege_n which_o the_o polander_n believe_v to_o be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o secure_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o republic_n it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o none_o of_o the_o senator_n must_v go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o leave_n obtain_v of_o the_o republic_n not_o even_o for_o change_v of_o air_n or_o to_o drink_v the_o water_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o their_o health_n chap._n
ix_o of_o the_o senate_n in_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o the_o bishop_n all_o the_o bishop_n be_v senator_n and_o precede_v the_o secular_a member_n there_o be_v but_o 16_o bishopric_n in_o the_o kingdom_n 3_o of_o which_o be_v usurp_v by_o its_o enemy_n viz._n those_o of_o smolensko_n and_o kiovia_n by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o that_o of_o caminiec_n by_o the_o turk_n nevertheless_o the_o dignity_n be_v still_o retain_v and_o when_o they_o become_v vacant_a there_o be_v always_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o competitor_n who_o solicit_v the_o king_n for_o those_o title_n that_o they_o may_v have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v apostolical_a legate_n by_o his_o office_n the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o senator_n and_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o privilege_n be_v annex_v to_o this_o see_v by_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n whither_o he_o who_o be_v then_o archbishop_n be_v send_v by_o king_n vladislaus_n jagellon_n to_o assert_v his_o right_n to_o prussia_n against_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n for_o that_o prelate_n be_v inform_v that_o during_o his_o absence_n the_o king_n have_v marry_v elizabeth_n daughter_n to_o the_o palatine_a of_o sandomir_n anno_fw-la 1416._o and_o cause_v she_o to_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopold_n and_o fear_v lest_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o privilege_n of_o crown_v the_o king_n prevail_v with_o the_o council_n to_o declare_v and_o ordain_v that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n shall_v from_o thenceforth_o be_v primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o a_o appeal_n may_v be_v bring_v before_o he_o not_o only_o from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n but_o also_o from_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopold_n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1513._o john_n laski_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v send_v to_o rome_n by_o king_n sigismond_n to_o assist_v at_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n obtain_v of_o leo_n the_o xth_o for_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o successor_n the_o quality_n of_o legatus_fw-la natus_fw-la of_o the_o holy_a apostolic_a see_n the_o authority_n of_o this_o prelate_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o draw_v a_o sword_n or_o so_o much_o as_o to_o speak_v indecent_o in_o his_o presence_n beside_o when_o the_o king_n act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n the_o archbishop_n may_v assemble_v the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n to_o oppose_v he_o and_o during_o a_o interregnum_fw-la he_o have_v power_n to_o coin_n money_n the_o cross_n be_v carry_v before_o he_o when_o he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n or_o to_o the_o diet_n and_o when_o he_o sit_v on_o almoner_n hold_v it_o behind_o his_o chair_n and_o as_o a_o far_a mark_n of_o his_o grandeur_n he_o have_v a_o senator_n and_o castellan_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o his_o marshal_n who_o ride_v before_o his_o coach_n bear_v his_o staff_n upright_o which_o he_o never_o bow_v but_o before_o the_o king_n and_o when_o the_o other_o marshal_n be_v absent_a he_o have_v the_o privilege_n to_o carry_v the_o staff_n upright_o before_o his_o majesty_n and_o to_o march_v before_o he_o to_o church_n or_o to_o the_o diet._n when_o the_o archbishop_n come_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o stair_n of_o the_o king_n palace_n he_o stop_v there_o till_o the_o king_n send_v the_o chamberlain_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o some_o other_o of_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o his_o court_n to_o salute_v he_o the_o sub-marshal_n attend_v he_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stair_n and_o when_o he_o enter_v the_o antichamber_n the_o king_n come_v out_o of_o his_o chamber_n to_o meet_v he_o he_o never_o make_v a_o visit_n but_o to_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n who_o he_o only_o visit_v once_o not_o even_o to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o crown_v head_n who_o have_v visit_v he_o it_o be_v he_o who_o during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la be_v the_o head_n and_o regent_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o who_o regulate_v the_o sentiment_n of_o all_o the_o nobleman_n who_o be_v assemble_v by_o their_o deputy_n in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n it_o be_v he_o who_o send_v circular_a letter_n to_o all_o the_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n to_o give_v they_o notice_n of_o the_o king_n death_n that_o they_o may_v hold_v their_o petty_a diet_n and_o to_o acquaint_v they_o with_o the_o time_n of_o the_o general_n diet._n and_o when_o any_o extraordinary_a affair_n happen_v during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la some_o nobleman_n and_o senator_n be_v choose_v to_o assist_v he_o with_o their_o counsel_n in_o so_o difficult_a a_o juncture_n the_o polander_n have_v lodge_v so_o great_a a_o authority_n in_o the_o person_n of_o this_o prelate_n because_o they_o dare_v not_o entrust_v a_o layman_n with_o it_o lest_o his_o ambition_n shall_v prompt_v he_o to_o aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o it_o be_v he_o who_o proclaim_v the_o new_a king_n after_o he_o be_v choose_v which_o be_v so_o great_a and_o so_o considerable_a a_o privilege_n that_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o candidate_n look_v upon_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o the_o person_n on_o who_o the_o success_n of_o their_o negotiation_n depend_v and_o leave_v no_o mean_n unattempted_a to_o gain_v his_o favour_n because_o the_o king_n can_v be_v due_o elect_v unless_o he_o be_v afterward_o proclaim_v to_o confirm_v this_o i_o shall_v relate_v what_o happen_v at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1674._o one_o czartoreski_n of_o the_o faction_n of_o austria_n an_z intimate_v friend_n of_o chancellor_n putz_n and_o consequent_o a_o great_a enemy_n to_o the_o french_a faction_n and_o the_o marshal_n sobieski_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n be_v then_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o in_o that_o quality_n have_v the_o power_n of_o proclaim_v the_o king_n he_o will_v never_o have_v be_v prevail_v with_o to_o proclaim_v the_o great_a marshal_n but_o die_v three_o day_n before_o the_o election_n the_o right_a of_o proclamation_n be_v devolve_v upon_o trzebicki_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o be_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o marshal_n sobieski_n proclaim_v he_o with_o joy_n there_o be_v but_o 16_o bishopric_n in_o poland_n as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v but_o they_o be_v general_o of_o a_o vast_a extent_n and_o endow_v with_o great_a revenue_n which_o may_v be_v easy_o believe_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o that_o kidgdom_n after_o all_o its_o loss_n be_v still_o as_o large_a as_o france_n the_o first_o be_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o gnesna_n in_o low_a poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kalisch_n about_o 9_o league_n from_o that_o city_n towards_o the_o north._n this_o place_n which_o be_v once_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v now_o only_a a_o great_a unwal_v village_n without_o the_o conveniency_n of_o a_o river_n the_o second_o be_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o leopold_n which_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o black_a russia_n and_o take_v its_o name_n from_o leo_n duke_n of_o that_o province_n who_o as_o he_o be_v ravage_v poland_n with_o a_o army_n of_o tartar_n and_o russian_n be_v entire_o defeat_v by_o the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n ann._n 1279_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o lesko_n the_o black_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n very_o mean_o fortify_v without_o a_o river_n and_o defend_v only_o by_o a_o inconsiderable_a castle_n upon_o a_o eminence_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o many_o sieges_n it_o have_v sustain_v have_v be_v once_o besiege_a by_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n at_o another_o time_n by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o cossack_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 120000_o man_n for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o month_n and_o a_o half_a after_o which_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n by_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n miâ—â—â—el_n this_o city_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o 3_o bishop_n viz._n a_o latin_n catholic_n archbishop_n a_o armenian_a catholic_n archbishop_n and_o a_o russian_a scismatical_a greek_a bishop_n the_o first_o latin_a archbishop_n be_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n call_v christinus_fw-la who_o be_v consecrate_a by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesâ—a_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o king_n casimir_n who_o erect_v this_o see_n anno_fw-la 1361._o i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o of_o the_o archbishop_n since_o they_o differ_v not_o from_o other_o catholic_n only_o the_o armenian_n have_v their_o particular_a ornament_n and_o ceremony_n and_o the_o man_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o woman_n in_o the_o church_n but_o i_o shall_v take_v this_o occasion_n to_o give_v a_o brief_a account_n of_o the_o peculiar_a rite_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o russian_n their_o bishop_n be_v always_o a_o unmarried_a person_n because_o he_o be_v choose_v among_o the_o monk_n of_o
the_o borysihenes_n the_o water_n of_o which_o congeal_v to_o salt_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v break_v in_o piece_n and_o carry_v away_o in_o cart_n like_o ice_n but_o it_o melt_v immediate_o with_o rain_n the_o 34th_o be_v the_o palatin_n of_o pomerania_n who_o palatinate_n be_v in_o royal_a prussia_n the_o 35th_o be_v the_o palatin_n of_o minsk_n a_o city_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n suislocz_n the_o 36th_o be_v the_o palatin_n of_o czernichowia_fw-la a_o city_n of_o lithuania_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n derna_n this_o palatinat_a which_o be_v also_o a_o duchy_n be_v only_o a_o titular_a dignity_n have_v thus_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o 32_o palatine_n 3_o castellan_n and_o one_o starosta_n who_o be_v senator_n it_o may_v not_o improper_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o the_o quality_n of_o castellan_n and_o starosta_n be_v inferior_a to_o that_o of_o a_o palatin_n there_o be_v four_o of_o they_o who_o possess_v almost_o the_o first_o rank_n among_o the_o lay-senator_n i_o have_v already_o intimate_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n be_v the_o first_o temporal_a senator_n and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o three_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o precedency_n be_v grant_v they_o in_o recompense_n of_o some_o brave_a action_n which_o the_o castellan_n of_o those_o city_n have_v perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o palatin_n be_v to_o lead_v the_o troop_n of_o his_o palatinate_n to_o the_o army_n to_o preside_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o his_o province_n to_o set_v a_o price_n upon_o merchandice_n and_o commodity_n to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v not_o alter_v and_o to_o judge_n and_o defend_v the_o jew_n he_o have_v a_o vice_n palatin_n under_o he_o who_o must_v take_v a_o oath_n to_o he_o and_o who_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o land_n which_o they_o call_v possessionatus_n the_o castellan_n be_v the_o next_o in_o dignity_n to_o the_o palatine_n and_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o they_o in_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v usual_o distinguish_v by_o the_o title_n of_o great_a castellan_n and_o petty_a or_o sub_fw-la castellan_n the_o number_n of_o the_o former_a both_o in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o duchy_n amount_v to_o 32_o and_o that_o of_o the_o latter_a to_o 49._o '_o will_v be_v equal_o tedious_a and_o unprofitable_a to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o they_o all_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o observe_v in_o the_o general_n that_o they_o be_v all_o senator_n lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n of_o the_o palatine_n and_o head_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o their_o respective_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o mention_v the_o officer_n of_o state_n who_o be_v senator_n the_o first_o be_v the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o second_o the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o three_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o four_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o five_o the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o six_o the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o seven_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o eight_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o nine_o the_o sub-marshal_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o ten_o the_o sub-marshal_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o duchy_n these_o be_v all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o polish_v senate_n i_o have_v in_o another_o place_n give_v a_o sufficient_a account_n of_o the_o privilege_n and_o function_n of_o the_o officer_n mention_v here_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o observe_v that_o beside_o the_o four_o senator_n who_o ought_v always_o to_o attend_v the_o king_n and_o to_o assist_v he_o with_o their_o counsel_n in_o all_o deliberation_n and_o judgement_n all_o the_o other_o senator_n who_o be_v at_o court_n have_v also_o the_o privilege_n to_o assist_v in_o such_o case_n and_o all_o those_o who_o be_v present_a in_o council_n and_o consent_v to_o the_o decree_n or_o sentence_n be_v oblige_v to_o sign_n it_o not_o only_o in_o criminal_a but_o also_o in_o civil_a case_n that_o they_o may_v afterward_o be_v accountable_a for_o their_o proceed_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o republic_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n the_o three_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n be_v that_o of_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v only_o capable_a of_o possess_v all_o the_o office_n and_o land_n both_o in_o the_o duchy_n and_o kingdom_n for_o all_o the_o peasant_n be_v slave_n and_o the_o burgher_n of_o town_n and_o city_n be_v only_o look_v upon_o as_o tradesman_n who_o can_v possess_v at_o most_o but_o some_o house_n in_o the_o city_n and_o the_o land_n about_o a_o league_n round_o they_o as_o for_o stranger_n how_o noble_a soever_o they_o may_v be_v in_o their_o own_o country_n and_o whatever_o service_n they_o have_v do_v in_o the_o army_n to_o the_o republic_n they_o can_v neither_o possess_v a_o estate_n nor_o rise_v to_o any_o high_a preferment_n than_o the_o command_n of_o a_o regiment_n of_o foot_n or_o at_o most_o the_o place_n of_o a_o major-general_n which_o be_v a_o office_n not_o much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o a_o brigadeer_n in_o france_n for_o the_o polander_n will_v never_o suffer_v that_o a_o stranger_n though_o never_o so_o expert_a in_o war_n shall_v have_v the_o general_a command_n of_o their_o army_n the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n be_v the_o guardian_n of_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o the_o elector_n of_o their_o sovereign_n they_o bestow_v the_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n upon_o he_o and_o furnish_v he_o with_o minister_n and_o counsellor_n they_o make_v their_o own_o law_n and_o determine_v both_o their_o duty_n and_o privilege_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v the_o right_n of_o their_o country_n against_o the_o encroachment_n of_o any_o aspire_a prince_n who_o ambition_n may_v carry_v his_o design_n beyond_o the_o limit_n prescribe_v to_o he_o by_o the_o law_n since_o the_o number_n of_o the_o gentry_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o can_v all_o assist_v at_o the_o general_a diet_n they_o choose_v deputy_n in_o the_o petty_a diet_n who_o they_o send_v to_o the_o general_a diet_n to_o preserve_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o constitution_n and_o to_o contrive_v and_o enact_v new_a law_n for_o their_o security_n the_o polish_v gentry_n be_v general_o persuade_v that_o it_o be_v their_o interest_n to_o preserve_v a_o uninterrupted_a peace_n with_o their_o neighbour_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o preserve_v all_o their_o province_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o the_o event_n that_o they_o be_v extreme_o mistake_v in_o their_o politics_n for_o poland_n lie_v open_a on_o all_o side_n and_o be_v surround_v by_o so_o many_o enemy_n we_o may_v easy_o suppose_v that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o may_v find_v a_o opportunity_n to_o surprise_v some_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n before_o the_o people_n can_v put_v themselves_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n all_o that_o the_o king_n can_v do_v in_o such_o a_o juncture_n be_v to_o summon_v the_o nobility_n together_o to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o arriere_n ban_n in_o france_n and_o be_v call_v the_o postpolite_n in_o poland_n upon_o such_o occasion_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o king_n must_v send_v his_o circular_a letter_n thrice_o into_o each_o palatinate_n to_o assemble_v they_o that_o none_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o service_n but_o the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o starosta_n of_o frontier_n place_n that_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o go_v above_o three_o league_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o those_o of_o lithuania_n and_o prussia_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o all_o that_o the_o king_n can_v keep_v the_o gentry_n in_o arm_n above_o the_o space_n of_o six_o week_n and_o that_o all_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v shut_v up_o during_o the_o time_n that_o the_o arriere_n ban_n be_v assemble_v it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o republic_n to_o maintain_v a_o constant_a peace_n with_o their_o neighbour_n that_o it_o be_v this_o very_a maxim_n which_o occasion_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o their_o country_n for_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o ivth_o they_o build_v fort_n kudack_n on_o the_o boristhenes_n to_o hinder_v the_o cossack_n from_o cruize_v on_o the_o black_a sea_n for_o fear_v of_o irritate_v the_o turk_n but_o this_o false_a step_n in_o stead_n of_o secure_v the_o quiet_a of_o the_o kingdom_n engage_v they_o in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n and_o even_o
prince_n fly_v from_o his_o kingdom_n like_o henry_n ii_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o iii_o of_o france_n who_o have_v receive_v advice_n of_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n the_o ixth_o his_o brother_n by_o a_o courier_n that_o be_v dispatch_v to_o he_o by_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n secret_o depart_v from_o cracow_n after_o he_o have_v enjoy_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n five_o month_n with_o the_o love_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v so_o trouble_v at_o his_o flight_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o good_a a_o prince_n that_o they_o write_v on_o the_o 12_o of_o may_n 1574._o a_o very_a press_v and_o respectful_a letter_n to_o persuade_v he_o to_o return_v the_o polander_n look_v upon_o the_o interregnum_n as_o the_o most_o favourable_a occasion_n to_o confider_v of_o the_o sure_a and_o most_o effectual_a way_n to_o preserve_v their_o liberty_n and_o though_o the_o royal_a authority_n be_v then_o proper_o lodge_v in_o the_o senate_n it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n represent_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o senator_n as_o i_o intimate_v before_o during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la some_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o nobleman_n be_v send_v to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n to_o stay_v with_o they_o and_o to_o assist_v they_o with_o their_o advice_n in_o matter_n relate_v to_o the_o war._n some_o senator_n be_v also_o depute_a to_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n to_o visit_v the_o treasury_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o make_v a_o inventary_a of_o it_o with_o those_o that_o have_v the_o key_n which_o they_o present_v at_o the_o next_o coronation_n commissioner_n be_v also_o appoint_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o state_n of_o the_o revenue_n that_o be_v set_v apart_o for_o the_o king_n table_n and_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o it_o to_o the_o republic_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la and_o till_o the_o new_a king_n be_v proclaim_v the_o republic_n pretend_v that_o all_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o even_o crown_v head_n themselves_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v they_o the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a but_o when_o the_o king_n of_o france_n write_v to_o the_o republic_n assemble_v in_o a_o diet_n of_o election_n he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o serenity_n and_o only_o write_v in_o these_o term_n to_o our_o most_o dear_a and_o great_a friend_n ally_n and_o confederate_n the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o foland_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n nor_o be_v it_o reasonable_a that_o a_o king_n of_o france_n shall_v give_v the_o republic_n of_o poland_n the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a since_o they_o do_v not_o give_v their_o own_o king_n either_o the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a or_o of_o majesty_n i_o shall_v only_o observe_v further_a on_o this_o subject_a that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n have_v notify_v by_o his_o circular_a letter_n that_o the_o king_n be_v dead_a all_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o be_v not_o open_v again_o till_o after_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o new_a elect_v king_n except_o the_o marshal_n court_n which_o continue_v open_a and_o another_o which_o be_v establish_v for_o decide_v controversy_n that_o may_v happen_v during_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n but_o as_o for_o all_o other_o cause_n and_o private_a law-suit_n they_o be_v not_o try_v till_o after_o the_o king_n coronation_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n since_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v elective_a all_o christian_a prince_n may_v pretend_v to_o the_o succession_n and_o send_v ambassador_n thither_o whether_o they_o be_v catholic_n or_o not_o but_o those_o who_o aspire_v to_o that_o crown_n must_v either_o profess_v the_o roman_n catholic_n faith_n or_o resolve_v to_o embrace_v it_o after_o their_o election_n for_o otherwise_o he_o can_v be_v choose_v and_o it_o be_v only_o for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o pope_n send_v a_o nuncio_n to_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n that_o he_o may_v represent_v to_o the_o republic_n that_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n that_o they_o shall_v choose_v a_o catholic_n prince_n who_o be_v a_o zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o true_a faith_n of_o christ_n the_o polander_n usual_o choose_v a_o foreign_a prince_n for_o their_o king_n because_o they_o can_v without_o reluctancy_n submit_v to_o those_o who_o be_v former_o their_o equal_n they_o esteem_v it_o their_o happiness_n that_o they_o have_v the_o liberty_n to_o choose_v such_o a_o prince_n as_o they_o please_v but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o their_o liberty_n be_v frequent_o the_o cause_n of_o fatal_a division_n they_o will_v not_o choose_v a_o prince_n who_o be_v king_n of_o another_o realm_n lest_o after_o his_o election_n and_o after_o he_o have_v remain_v for_o some_o time_n among_o they_o he_o shall_v leave_v they_o to_o return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o casimir_n iii_n they_o will_v not_o choose_v vladislaus_n his_o son_n because_o he_o be_v king_n of_o hungary_n and_o robemia_n and_o this_o be_v also_o one_o of_o the_o reason_n which_o in_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o radom_n in_o the_o year_n 1382_o make_v the_o republic_n exclude_v sigismond_n of_o luxemburg_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o pretend_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n as_o have_v marry_v the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o lewis_n king_n of_o those_o two_o kingdom_n before_o the_o ambassador_n come_v to_o warsaw_n they_o be_v to_o notify_v their_o arrival_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o appoint_v lodging_n for_o they_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o city_n and_o send_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n to_o each_o of_o they_o to_o observe_v their_o action_n and_o to_o hinder_v they_o from_o make_v party_n but_o those_o rule_n be_v seldom_o put_v in_o execution_n for_o the_o ambassador_n of_o prince_n live_v open_o at_o warsaw_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n appoint_v to_o attend_v every_o one_o of_o they_o during_o the_o diet_n that_o the_o republic_n may_v be_v inform_v of_o their_o proceed_n and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o bribe_v or_o corrupt_v the_o deputy_n but_o this_o be_v a_o inconveniency_n that_o can_v be_v avoid_v by_o all_o these_o precation_n for_o the_o desire_n of_o money_n be_v so_o reign_v a_o vice_n in_o poland_n and_o attend_v with_o so_o little_a scandal_n and_o infamy_n that_o the_o fidelity_n which_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n owe_v to_o his_o country_n will_v not_o be_v proof_n against_o 1000_o crown_n it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o ambassador_n to_o manage_v all_o the_o senator_n and_o the_o whole_a order_n of_o the_o nobility_n since_o the_o disoblige_a of_o one_o of_o they_o may_v render_v they_o incapable_a of_o compass_v their_o design_n thus_o the_o quarrel_v with_o chancellor_n patz_n in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n anno_fw-la 1668._o be_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o the_o duke_n of_o newburg_n be_v exclude_v and_o michael_n vicznowieski_n be_v elect_v king_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o election_n be_v tumultuary_a that_o the_o nobility_n have_v not_o a_o free_a vote_n and_o that_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n hurry_v away_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o multitude_n which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o prasmowski_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v force_v to_o proclaim_v he_o which_o he_o be_v unwilling_a to_o do_v because_o he_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o danger_n that_o threaten_v the_o republic_n in_o that_o juncture_n and_o of_o the_o great_a need_n they_o have_v of_o a_o rich_a and_o valiant_a prince_n at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o know_v that_o king_n michael_n want_v both_o those_o quality_n for_o he_o be_v so_o poor_a that_o during_o the_o life_n of_o queen_n mary_n lovise_n he_o have_v nothing_o to_o subsist_v upon_o as_o i_o intimate_v before_o but_o a_o pension_n which_o she_o allow_v he_o of_o 6000_o livre_n a_o year_n and_o as_o for_o his_o courage_n it_o may_v be_v guess_v at_o by_o what_o happen_v immediate_o after_o his_o election_n when_o he_o dare_v not_o resent_v the_o affront_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o without_o ask_v his_o permission_n cause_v a_o prussian_a gentleman_n who_o have_v flee_v to_o poland_n for_o protection_n to_o be_v seize_v and_o carryd_v away_o before_o the_o king_n eye_n and_o almost_o under_o the_o window_n of_o his_o palace_n it_o be_v plain_a then_o that_o the_o polander_n ought_v to_o have_v choose_v a_o prince_n that_o be_v equal_o brave_a and_o rich_a and_o able_a to_o support_v their_o totter_v state_n for_o if_o they_o have_v consider_v their_o true_a interest_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o sovereign_n the_o turk_n will_v never_o have_v have_v the_o
circular_a letter_n to_o summon_v the_o nobility_n and_o to_o notify_v the_o day_n of_o the_o general_n diet_n and_o in_o those_o circular_a letter_n he_o mention_n every_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o the_o general_n diet_n all_o the_o gentleman_n in_o poland_n have_v the_o privilege_n to_o assist_v at_o the_o petty_a diet_n where_o they_o choose_v their_o nunioes_n or_o deputy_n to_o who_o they_o give_v instruction_n contain_v all_o they_o ought_v to_o grant_v or_o refuse_v in_o the_o general_n diet._n those_o nunioes_n be_v first_o establish_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o casimir_n iii_o who_o to_o raise_v money_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o army_n order_v all_o the_o palatinat_n to_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o the_o general_n diet_n to_o find_v out_o the_o most_o proper_a mean_n to_o supply_v his_o necessity_n and_o since_o that_o time_n no_o general_n diet_n can_v be_v hold_v without_o deputy_n from_o all_o the_o palatinat_n the_o general_a diet_n be_v wont_a to_o depute_v 16_o senator_n who_o be_v choose_v among_o the_o bishop_n palatine_n and_o castellan_n 4_o of_o who_o be_v to_o be_v always_o with_o the_o king_n to_o take_v care_n that_o nothing_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o since_o the_o year_n 1649_o they_o have_v join_v to_o they_o a_o deputy_n of_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o palatinat_n every_o thing_n that_o be_v conclude_v and_o ordain_v by_o those_o deputy_n with_o the_o king_n approbation_n have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n and_o if_o they_o neglect_v to_o reside_v at_o court_n or_o to_o perform_v their_o duty_n they_o be_v fine_v a_o layman_n in_o 2000_o livre_n and_o a_o ecclesiastic_a in_o 6000._o all_o the_o general_a diet_n be_v begin_v by_o the_o election_n of_o a_o speaker_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n who_o must_v be_v choose_v out_o of_o one_o of_o the_o three_o nation_n first_o among_o the_o deputy_n of_o upper_a poland_n second_o among_o those_o of_o lower_n poland_n 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marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n acquaint_v the_o king_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o nobility_n with_o what_o they_o desire_v of_o he_o which_o be_v to_o redress_v the_o grievance_n and_o regulate_v the_o abuse_n commit_v either_o against_o the_o state_n or_o particular_a person_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o royal_a gift_n the_o benefice_n and_o office_n that_o be_v vacant_a and_o to_o distribute_v they_o according_a to_o the_o law_n which_o forbid_v the_o bestow_n of_o two_o of_o they_o that_o be_v inconsistent_a to_o one_o person_n after_o which_o the_o chancellor_n make_v answer_n for_o the_o king_n that_o his_o majesty_n will_v satisfy_v they_o after_o he_o have_v take_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o senator_n the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n have_v a_o great_a authority_n over_o they_o in_o the_o diet_n for_o it_o be_v he_o who_o impose_v silence_n and_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n and_o senate_n and_o consequent_o since_o his_o authority_n enable_v he_o either_o to_o animate_v or_o moderate_a their_o heat_n he_o be_v always_o extreme_o respect_v and_o the_o court_n be_v particular_o kind_a to_o he_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n then_o that_o there_o be_v so_o much_o intrigue_v at_o his_o election_n and_o that_o the_o contest_v be_v usual_o so_o hot_a for_o it_o be_v the_o business_n of_o the_o court_n to_o procure_v a_o marshal_n that_o will_v promote_v their_o design_n in_o the_o diet_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o deputy_n who_o choose_v he_o have_v a_o different_a interest_n from_o that_o of_o the_o court_n and_o be_v always_o afraid_a of_o lose_v their_o liberty_n or_o of_o see_v their_o privilege_n abridge_v by_o some_o new_a law_n those_o different_a interest_n be_v frequent_o the_o reason_n that_o there_o be_v some_o deputy_n who_o regard_v only_o their_o private_a advantage_n oppose_v the_o election_n of_o he_o who_o the_o court_n will_v have_v choose_v that_o the_o king_n may_v bribe_v they_o with_o some_o benefice_n employment_n or_o royal_a gift_n and_o there_o be_v not_o only_a deputy_n who_o make_v a_o noise_n at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o marshal_n but_z during_o the_o whole_a progress_n of_o the_o diet_n that_o they_o may_v extort_v favour_n from_o the_o court_n nay_o there_o be_v some_o who_o force_v the_o king_n to_o comply_v with_o they_o by_o threaten_v to_o break_v up_o the_o diet_n if_o he_o do_v not_o answer_v their_o expectation_n for_o there_o be_v so_o few_o of_o they_o that_o have_v a_o sincere_a regard_n to_o the_o true_a interest_n of_o the_o republic_n that_o there_o be_v scarce_o one_o to_o be_v find_v among_o they_o that_o be_v capable_a of_o resist_v the_o temptation_n of_o 2000_o crown_n thus_o the_o court_n may_v purchase_v the_o vote_n of_o the_o member_n or_o dissolve_v a_o overbold_a and_o obstinate_a diet_n by_o seatter_v sufficient_a sum_n among_o the_o mercenary_a deputy_n and_o even_o not_o only_o the_o neighbour_n but_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n may_v by_o the_o same_o mean_n procure_v a_o rupture_n in_o the_o diet_n when_o they_o find_v the_o honest_a party_n resolve_v to_o take_v effectual_a measure_n for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o republic_n before_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v resolve_v in_o the_o diet_n it_o must_v be_v propose_v by_o the_o deputy_n and_o approve_v by_o the_o king_n and_o senate_n and_o before_o it_o can_v pass_v into_o a_o law_n it_o must_v be_v revise_v by_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n and_o two_o of_o the_o deputy_n beside_o or_o else_o by_o three_o senator_n and_o six_o deputy_n after_o which_o it_o must_v be_v read_v in_o the_o senate_n in_o the_o king_n presence_n and_o the_o chancellor_n must_v ask_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n whether_o the_o king_n senators_z and_o deputy_n will_v have_v the_o seal_v put_v to_o it_o then_o it_o be_v seal_v and_o insert_v in_o the_o register_n of_o warsaw_n or_o in_o those_o of_o the_o chancery_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o one_o of_o the_o king_n secretary_n take_v care_v to_o get_v it_o print_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o public_a treasury_n that_o it_o may_v be_v send_v to_o the_o petty_a diet_n and_o to_o the_o court_n of_o all_o the_o palatinat_n they_o treat_v in_o all_o diet_n not_o only_o of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o also_o of_o particular_a person_n thus_o in_o one_o of_o the_o diet_n they_o take_v cognizance_n of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o order_n of_o maltha_n and_o prince_n demetrius_n vicznowieski_n who_o take_v possession_n of_o a_o estate_n which_o the_o duke_n ostrog_n his_o brother-in-law_n have_v give_v to_o that_o order_n and_o in_o another_o diet_n those_o who_o murder_v gonczeski_n petty_a general_n of_o lithuania_n be_v prosecute_v and_o condemn_v to_o be_v behead_v but_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n against_o the_o king_n the_o polander_n pretend_v that_o neither_o his_o majesty_n nor_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n ought_v to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o judge_a and_o determine_v of_o the_o cause_n and_o it_o be_v on_o this_o score_n that_o the_o marshal_n lubomiski_n complain_v against_o k._n john_n casimir_n who_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v condemn_v for_o contumacy_n in_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n anno_fw-la 1664._o nevertheless_o in_o a_o diet_n hold_v in_o the_o same_o city_n 1582._o king_n steven_n batteri_n bring_v several_a deputy_n into_o the_o senate_n to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o trial_n and_o judgement_n of_o sborowski_n who_o be_v accuse_v of_o treason_n against_o the_o king_n which_o that_o great_a prince_n do_v that_o all_o the_o nobility_n may_v be_v witness_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o proceed_n it_o be_v in_o a_o general_n diet_n that_o they_o give_v the_o indigenat_n that_o be_v the_o right_a of_o nobility_n to_o stranger_n which_o render_v they_o capable_a of_o possess_v some_o small_a pension_n or_o gift_n of_o the_o
republic_n that_o right_o be_v now_o give_v to_o those_o who_o be_v in_o favour_n at_o court_n or_o protect_v by_o some_o great_a lord_n whereas_o former_o it_o be_v grant_v only_o to_o officer_n as_o a_o recompense_n for_o their_o service_n do_v to_o the_o state_n those_o who_o be_v not_o officer_n and_o yet_o pretend_v to_o the_o indigenat_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n procure_v their_o name_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v among_o the_o name_n of_o the_o officer_n who_o demand_v to_o be_v make_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o pretender_n give_v in_o a_o account_n of_o his_o genealogy_n name_n surname_n family_n and_o service_n and_o put_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o after_o they_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o the_o diet_n and_o their_o patent_n seal_v they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n before_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n by_o which_o they_o swear_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o their_o country_n and_o to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o marshal_n give_v they_o a_o certificate_n declare_v that_o the_o diet_n have_v receive_v such_o a_o one_o for_o its_o natural_a son_n and_o that_o he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n before_o he_o yet_o though_o a_o stranger_n be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n can_v bestow_v any_o considerable_a employment_n or_o consistorial_n benefice_n on_o he_o or_o his_o child_n to_o the_o three_o generation_n for_o the_o republic_n have_v make_v this_o provision_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o assure_v of_o the_o fidelity_n of_o those_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o any_o office_n or_o enjoy_v any_o benefice_n according_a to_o the_o constitution_n and_o law_n of_o poland_n a_o diet_n must_v not_o sit_v above_o six_o week_n and_o the_o nobility_n be_v so_o fond_a and_o jealous_a of_o their_o privilege_n that_o when_o the_o king_n endeavour_v to_o prolong_v the_o session_n of_o a_o diet_n and_o even_o when_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o state_n require_v the_o sit_v of_o that_o assembly_n the_o deputy_n be_v always_o ready_a to_o oppose_v such_o a_o innovation_n and_o charge_v their_o marshal_n to_o acquaint_v the_o king_n that_o they_o will_v immediate_o leave_v the_o diet_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o perceive_v that_o he_o intend_v to_o keep_v they_o long_o than_o usual_o i_o shall_v only_o mention_v one_o instance_n of_o this_o unaccountable_a obstinacy_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o diet_n assemble_v at_o the_o coronation_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n in_o the_o year_n 1649._o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n at_o pilaveze_n and_o afterwerd_n the_o dreadful_a irruption_n of_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v reduce_v the_o republic_n almost_o to_o the_o last_o extremity_n and_o since_o the_o diet_n have_v be_v so_o busy_v in_o determine_v particular_a affair_n that_o they_o have_v not_o time_n to_o consider_v of_o the_o mean_n to_o raise_v a_o sufficient_a army_n to_o oppose_v the_o progress_n of_o so_o barbarous_a and_o formidable_a a_o enemy_n till_o the_o very_a day_n before_o the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o diet_n the_o king_n and_o the_o senator_n endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o a_o way_n to_o avoid_v the_o terrible_a danger_n that_o threaten_v they_o and_o for_o that_o end_n resolve_v to_o prolong_v the_o diet_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o deputy_n be_v inform_v of_o this_o resolution_n they_o send_v their_o marshal_n to_o the_o senator_n to_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o law_n which_o forbid_v the_o prolong_n of_o diet_n and_o afterward_o to_o take_v leave_n of_o the_o king_n the_o marshal_n to_o execute_v his_o commission_n go_v to_o the_o senate_n and_o begin_v to_o thank_v the_o king_n and_o to_o take_v leave_n of_o he_o in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n whereupon_o the_o senator_n rise_v up_o desire_v that_o they_o will_v condescend_v to_o sit_v only_o one_o day_n long_o represent_v the_o press_v exigency_n of_o the_o present_a juncture_n the_o chancellor_n second_v these_o entreaty_n with_o a_o very_a move_a and_o pathetic_a harangue_n after_o which_o the_o marshal_n have_v resume_v his_o character_n which_o he_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o go_v back_o to_o the_o deputy_n and_o pray_v they_o to_o give_v their_o opinion_n concern_v the_o prolongation_n which_o the_o king_n and_o senate_n desire_v the_o deputy_n meet_v again_o at_o the_o return_n of_o their_o marshal_n and_o be_v at_o last_o prevail_v with_o though_o not_o without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n to_o consent_v that_o the_o diet_n shall_v be_v prolong_v but_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o shall_v obtain_v whatever_o his_o palatinat_n have_v charge_v he_o to_o ask_v chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n the_o general_a diet_n for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n be_v always_o hold_v in_o the_o open_a field_n about_o half_a a_o league_n from_o warsaw_n near_o the_o village_n of_o vola_fw-la where_o they_o erect_v a_o sort_n of_o booth_n cover_v with_o board_n at_o the_o public_a charge_n which_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n be_v call_v szopa_n or_o a_o shelter_n from_o bad_a wether_n this_o place_n be_v build_v and_o prepare_v by_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o ditch_n and_o have_v three_o door_n the_o day_n appoint_v for_o the_o diet_n be_v come_v the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n go_v to_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n to_o hear_v the_o mass_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o to_o beg_v the_o grace_n of_o god_n in_o order_n to_o the_o elect_v of_o a_o new_a king_n who_o may_v have_v all_o the_o qualitys_n necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o church_n and_o of_o the_o republic_n after_o which_o they_o go_v to_o the_o szopa_n where_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n elect_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n that_o be_v send_v by_o the_o petty_a diet_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n and_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n go_v to_o salute_v the_o senator_n and_o to_o be_v confirm_v by_o their_o approbation_n after_o these_o preliminary_n the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n enter_v into_o a_o union_n or_o association_n which_o they_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v with_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o separate_v from_o one_o another_o not_o to_o name_v any_o person_n for_o king_n nor_o acknowledge_v he_o as_o such_o till_o he_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o they_o all_o they_o swear_v also_o to_o preserve_v all_o the_o right_n privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o he_o who_o shall_v do_v otherwise_o shall_v be_v declare_v a_o enemy_n to_o his_o country_n they_o promise_v reciprocal_o neither_o to_o give_v their_o voice_n for_o a_o election_n nor_o to_o enter_v into_o any_o agreement_n with_o the_o candidate_n or_o their_o ambassador_n till_o all_o the_o irregularity_n and_o disorder_n that_o have_v be_v commit_v either_o in_o the_o kingdom_n or_o duchy_n be_v consider_v and_o redress_v they_o annul_v and_o make_v void_a all_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o tribunal_n and_o even_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o king_n that_o be_v find_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o their_o liberty_n and_o promise_v to_o make_v a_o law_n to_o that_o purpose_n they_o declare_v that_o all_o the_o judgement_n give_v before_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la shall_v be_v valid_a and_o that_o they_o will_v approve_v of_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v do_v by_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n establish_v during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la which_o be_v call_v kaptur_n and_o be_v design_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n for_o coin_v of_o money_n for_o raise_v of_o soldier_n and_o for_o maintain_v the_o law_n they_o forbid_v any_o person_n to_o come_v to_o the_o diet_n with_o stranger_n or_o with_o fire-arm_n they_o ordain_v that_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n shall_v take_v a_o oath_n before_o commissioner_n to_o discharge_v the_o trust_n that_o be_v repose_v in_o they_o with_o all_o possible_a fidelity_n to_o make_v no_o other_o use_n of_o their_o troop_n than_o to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o defend_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o secure_v the_o honour_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o oblige_v they_o also_o to_o swear_v to_o assert_v the_o public_a interest_n in_o case_n of_o a_o sedition_n or_o revolt_v to_o restrain_v the_o soldier_n from_o injure_v any_o person_n to_o receive_v no_o money_n either_o from_o the_o clergy_n or_o laity_n and_o to_o hinder_v the_o soldier_n from_o receive_v any_o after_o which_o they_o forbid_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n to_o march_v with_o their_o force_n into_o
be_v redress_v and_o all_o the_o ambassador_n have_v have_v audience_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o proceed_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n but_o before_o they_o give_v their_o vote_n they_o implore_v upon_o their_o knee_n the_o assistance_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n by_o sing_v the_o veni_fw-la creator_n after_o which_o the_o deputy_n of_o each_o palatinat_n give_v their_o vote_n and_o communicate_v they_o to_o the_o rest_n and_o if_o all_o the_o vote_n be_v for_o one_o candidate_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n or_o the_o bishop_n who_o preside_v in_o his_o palace_n demand_v thrice_o whether_o the_o grievance_n be_v redress_v and_o afterward_o proclaim_v the_o king_n elect_v which_o be_v also_o do_v by_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o the_o duchy_n after_o which_o they_o all_o sing_v the_o te_fw-la deum_fw-la i_o observe_v that_o the_o king_n elect_v be_v proclaim_v by_o the_o archbishop_n when_o all_o the_o vote_n be_v for_o he_o for_o it_o may_v sometime_o happen_v that_o the_o diet_n may_v be_v divide_v in_o which_o case_n the_o strong_a party_n carry_v it_o thus_o in_o the_o diet_n that_o be_v hold_v after_o the_o retreat_n of_o henry_n iii_o one_o party_n choose_v stephen_n battori_n and_o the_o other_o elect_v maximilian_n of_o austria_n maximilian_n design_v to_o enter_v into_o poland_n with_o some_o troop_n be_v prevent_v by_o stephen_n batori_n who_o arrive_v before_o he_o at_o cracow_n where_o he_o be_v crown_v the_o 18_o of_o april_n 1576._o thus_o all_o the_o voice_n be_v transmit_v to_o king_n stephen_n who_o the_o polander_v oblige_v afterward_o to_o marry_v the_o princess_n ann_n who_o they_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v for_o their_o queen_n after_o the_o death_n of_o stephen_n battori_n there_o happen_v a_o much_o great_a division_n in_o the_o diet_n for_o there_o be_v two_o party_n form_v one_o of_o which_o be_v support_v by_o zamoski_n and_o the_o other_o by_o sboroski_n the_o former_a choose_v signismund_n iii_o son_n to_o john_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o catherine_n sister_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n the_o last_o of_o the_o race_n of_o jagellon_n and_o nephew_n to_o queen_n ann_n the_o relict_n of_o king_n stephen_n and_o this_o party_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o they_o crown_v sigismond_n at_o cracow_n the_o 27_o of_o december_n 1587._o though_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n who_o be_v elect_v by_o sborosky_n party_n have_v be_v proclaim_a king_n in_o the_o church_n of_o the_o bernardin_n at_o warsaw_n by_o cardinal_n radziwill_n who_o be_v of_o his_o faction_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n maximilian_n enter_v into_o poland_n with_o some_o troop_n zamoski_n pursue_v he_o to_o byczin_n in_o silesia_n where_o he_o defeat_v and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n jan._n 25._o 1587._o and_o oblige_v he_o to_o renounce_v his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n so_o that_o maximilian_n be_v a_o second_o time_n exclude_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n a_o three_o time_n first_o in_o the_o person_n of_o ernest_n by_o the_o election_n of_o henry_n de_fw-fr valois_n second_o in_o maximilian_n by_o that_o of_o steven_n battori_n and_o a_o three_o time_n in_o the_o same_o maximilian_n by_o that_o of_o sigismond_n iii_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n though_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o poland_n and_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n it_o may_v sometime_o happen_v that_o the_o natural_a affection_n which_o most_o person_n have_v for_o their_o child_n or_o relation_n may_v induce_v they_o to_o make_v party_n in_o the_o republic_n to_o get_v they_o choose_v during_o their_o life_n thus_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n i._o his_o son_n sigismond_n augustus_n though_o but_o ten_o year_n old_a be_v name_v king_n during_o his_o father_n life_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o in_o the_o least_o meddle_v with_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n till_o after_o his_o father_n death_n that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v fifteen_o year_n old_a he_o shall_v swear_v to_o maintain_v all_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o this_o example_n shall_v not_o prejudice_v a_o free_a election_n for_o the_o future_a which_o his_o father_n confirm_v by_o letter_n patent_n give_v at_o cracow_n 1530._o and_o afterward_o by_o other_o letter_n date_v at_o pâ—otrkow_n 1538._o for_o that_o prince_n live_v 82_o year_n but_o sigismond_n augustus_n be_v dead_a the_o republic_n be_v assemble_v in_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n after_o they_o have_v careful_o examine_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n make_v a_o constitution_n by_o which_o they_o express_o prohibit_v the_o nomination_n of_o any_o successor_n for_o the_o future_a during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o reign_v prince_n that_o they_o may_v inviolable_o preserve_v the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o choose_v any_o sovereign_n they_o please_v nevertheless_o stephen_n battori_n see_v he_o have_v no_o child_n and_o consider_v the_o danger_n to_o which_o the_o republic_n be_v expose_v during_o the_o two_o last_o interregnum_n propose_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n in_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n contrary_a to_o the_o abovementioned_a constitution_n but_o the_o whole_a order_n of_o the_o nobility_n oppose_v the_o design_n of_o that_o great_a king_n who_o die_v soon_o after_o at_o grodno_n in_o lithuania_n decem._n 12._o 1586._o since_o any_o christian_a prince_n may_v aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v evident_o the_o interest_n of_o they_o all_o to_o oppose_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n which_o may_v render_v the_o kingdom_n hereditary_n and_o consequent_o ruin_v their_o pretension_n it_o be_v this_o consideration_n that_o oblige_v the_o present_a emperor_n to_o send_v francis_n de_fw-fr lisola_n to_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1661._o to_o oppose_v the_o design_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n who_o will_v have_v have_v a_o prince_n choose_v to_o succeed_v he_o after_o his_o death_n and_o this_o envoy_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o john_n owerbeck_n envoy_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o be_v also_o apprehensive_a of_o the_o same_o design_n form_v a_o strong_a party_n and_o be_v so_o effectual_o second_v by_o marshal_n lubomirski_n that_o they_o break_v casimir_n design_n and_o prevail_v with_o the_o diet_n to_o make_v a_o constitution_n forbid_v any_o person_n for_o the_o future_a to_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n the_o reason_n why_o king_n john_n casimir_n summon_v a_o diet_n at_o warsaw_n to_o deliberate_v about_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n be_v because_o that_o prince_n consider_v the_o danger_n to_o which_o the_o republic_n have_v be_v expose_v for_o above_o twelve_o year_n during_o which_o they_o have_v maintain_v a_o war_n against_o the_o cossack_n tartar_n muscovite_n swede_n transilvanian_o and_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o that_o none_o of_o all_o those_o enemy_n will_v have_v invade_v poland_n if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v encourage_v by_o his_o want_n of_o issue_n and_o therefore_o he_o look_v upon_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n as_o the_o most_o effectual_a way_n to_o prevent_v the_o disorder_n that_o may_v be_v occasion_v during_o a_o interregnum_fw-la by_o the_o jealousy_n and_o ambition_n of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n and_o especial_o of_o the_o muscovite_n who_o pretend_v to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o lithuania_n and_o to_o make_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n slave_n there_o be_v also_o many_o lithuanian_a gentleman_n who_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o same_o design_n with_o king_n casimire_n and_o have_v earnest_o desire_v that_o prince_n and_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n to_o consent_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n who_o may_v be_v able_a after_o the_o king_n death_n to_o oppose_v the_o muscovite_n who_o only_o wait_v for_o that_o opportunity_n to_o enter_v into_o lithuania_n with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o that_o duchy_n a_o considerable_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n be_v prevail_v with_o to_o comply_v with_o the_o intend_a election_n of_o a_o successor_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v choose_v again_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o piaste_n that_o be_v a_o native_a polander_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o king_n or_o sovereign_a prince_n of_o any_o other_o country_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o neighbour_n of_o poland_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o unmarried_a person_n and_o one_o that_o be_v neither_o too_o young_a nor_o too_o old_a it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o design_n be_v good_a for_o the_o king_n and_o those_o who_o second_v his_o desire_n look_v upon_o
this_o as_o the_o best_a if_o not_o the_o only_a expedient_a to_o secure_v the_o republic_n from_o the_o otherwise_o unavoidable_a danger_n to_o which_o it_o will_v be_v expose_v during_o a_o interregnum_fw-la by_o the_o ambition_n of_o its_o neighbour_n and_o the_o jealousy_n and_o faction_n of_o those_o who_o shall_v aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n but_o those_o who_o oppose_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n allege_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o no_o prudent_a person_n will_v venture_v upon_o a_o present_a danger_n to_o avoid_v a_o future_a inconveniency_n that_o such_o a_o innovation_n will_v introduce_v a_o hereditary_a succession_n and_o entire_o destroy_v the_o liberty_n of_o election_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o measure_n that_o can_v be_v take_v to_o secure_v it_o that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o choose_v a_o prince_n during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o king_n that_o the_o republic_n can_v not_o consent_v to_o such_o a_o election_n without_o divest_v itself_o of_o its_o liberty_n that_o the_o choice_n can_v not_o be_v determine_v without_o offend_v several_a prince_n and_o involve_v the_o nation_n in_o new_a trouble_n at_o a_o time_n when_o it_o be_v their_o interest_n to_o maintain_v a_o uninterrupted_a peace_n with_o all_o their_o neighbour_n these_o be_v the_o most_o material_a argument_n that_o be_v urge_v on_o both_o side_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o reader_n to_o judge_n which_o of_o they_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n that_o i_o may_v proceed_v to_o acquaint_v he_o with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o the_o king_n elect_n swear_v to_o observe_v in_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la or_o the_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n the_o polander_n be_v so_o fond_a of_o their_o liberty_n and_o so_o afraid_a of_o lose_v it_o that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n be_v elect_v they_o make_v he_o swear_v upon_o the_o altar_n to_o maintain_v all_o their_o privilege_n during_o his_o reign_n this_o be_v usual_o call_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o be_v proper_o a_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n by_o which_o the_o former_a be_v oblige_v to_o preserve_v all_o the_o right_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o latter_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o poland_n this_o important_a ceremony_n ought_v to_o be_v perform_v before_o the_o king_n be_v proclaim_v thus_o at_o the_o election_n of_o henry_n of_o valois_n after_o they_o have_v reject_v ernest_n of_o austria_n the_o emperor_n son_n and_o confirm_v the_o election_n of_o king_n henry_n john_n de_fw-fr monluc_n bishop_n of_o valence_n that_o prince_n ambassador_n be_v oblige_v by_o the_o senate_n to_o come_v to_o the_o diet_n where_o the_o condition_n that_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o new_a king_n his_o master_n be_v read_v in_o his_o presence_n after_o which_o he_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o observe_v they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o henry_n de_fw-fr valois_n and_o his_o brother_n charles_n ix_o then_o he_o be_v conduct_v to_o st._n john_n church_n where_o after_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o mass_n henry_n of_o france_n be_v proclaim_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o great_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n may_v 18._o 1573._o afterward_o the_o ambassador_n that_o be_v send_v by_o the_o republic_n to_o offer_v the_o crown_n to_o king_n henry_n oblige_v both_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n to_o take_v the_o same_o oath_n at_o paris_n in_o the_o great_a hall_n of_o the_o palace_n on_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n follow_v this_o be_v the_o method_n prescribe_v by_o the_o law_n for_o swear_v to_o keep_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la but_o this_o regulation_n be_v not_o always_o punctual_o observe_v for_o both_o king_n michael_n vicznowieski_n and_o john_n sohieski_n take_v the_o oath_n several_a day_n after_o their_o election_n at_o warsaw_n upon_o the_o great_a altar_n of_o st._n john_n church_n the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la or_o contract_n be_v draw_v up_o and_o methodise_v by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n after_o which_o the_o three_o order_n go_v to_o church_n where_o the_o great_a marshal_n read_v the_o whole_a contract_n aloud_o of_o which_o these_o be_v the_o principal_a article_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o assume_v the_o quality_n or_o title_n of_o heir_n of_o poland_n nor_o appoint_v any_o person_n to_o succeed_v he_o but_o that_o on_o the_o contrary_a he_o shall_v inviolable_o preserve_v and_o maintain_v the_o law_n and_o constitution_n relate_v to_o the_o free_a election_n of_o a_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v ratify_v all_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n make_v with_o foreign_a prince_n that_o he_o shall_v make_v it_o his_o principal_a care_n to_o preserve_v the_o public_a quiet_n and_o tranquillity_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o pretend_v to_o the_o right_n of_o coin_v money_n or_o deprive_v the_o republic_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o coinage_n that_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n he_o shall_v neither_o declare_v war_n against_o any_o prince_n nor_o give_v order_n for_o the_o levy_n of_o force_n and_o that_o without_o the_o same_o consent_n he_o shall_v neither_o bring_v any_o soldier_n into_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o suffer_v any_o to_o go_v out_o of_o it_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o introduce_v any_o stranger_n of_o what_o rank_n or_o quality_n soever_o into_o his_o council_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o bestow_v any_o office_n dignity_n or_o government_n upon_o '_o they_o that_o all_o the_o officer_n shall_v be_v polander_n or_o lithuanian_n or_o at_o least_o native_n of_o such_o province_n as_o depend_v upon_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n that_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o regiment_n of_o guard_n shall_v be_v native_n of_o poland_n or_o lithuania_n that_o the_o colonel_n shall_v be_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n that_o he_o shall_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o all_o the_o officer_n shall_v be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o marshal_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o marry_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o the_o train_n and_o attendant_n of_o the_o princess_n who_o he_o shall_v marry_v shall_v be_v regulate_v by_o the_o senate_n that_o he_o shall_v never_o make_v use_n of_o his_o private_a signet_n in_o affair_n that_o concern_v the_o republic_n that_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o power_n and_o dignity_n he_o shall_v dispose_v of_o the_o office_n both_o of_o the_o republic_n and_o court_n lest_o they_o shall_v be_v either_o usurp_v or_o remain_v vacant_a and_o that_o the_o number_n of_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v diminish_v that_o he_o shall_v administer_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o counsellor_n that_o attend_v upon_o he_o that_o for_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o table_n he_o shall_v only_o possess_v those_o revenue_n that_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o republic_n to_o the_o king_n his_o predecessor_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v enjoy_v they_o only_o for_o his_o life_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o confer_v upon_o any_o one_o person_n the_o office_n or_o dignity_n which_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v possess_v by_o one_o man._n that_o he_o shall_v take_v care_n in_o the_o space_n of_o six_o week_n to_o fill_v up_o all_o the_o vacant_a office_n that_o the_o first_o thing_n he_o shall_v do_v in_o the_o diet_n shall_v be_v to_o dispose_v of_o the_o vacancy_n and_o to_o cause_v the_o chancellor_n to_o publish_v they_o and_o that_o in_o pursuance_n of_o the_o law_n he_o shall_v only_o bestow_v they_o on_o polish_v gentleman_n who_o be_v person_n of_o merit_n of_o the_o age_n require_v by_o law_n and_o of_o a_o staid_a and_o solid_a judgement_n that_o he_o and_o his_o council_n shall_v so_o regulate_v the_o troop_n as_o well_o horse_n as_o foot_n that_o the_o republic_n may_v not_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o any_o foreign_a troop_n nor_o be_v put_v to_o a_o unusual_a expense_n and_o that_o the_o soldier_n shall_v be_v satisfy_v with_o their_o pay_n and_o do_v no_o injury_n to_o the_o peasant_n that_o hesh_n all_o in_o no_o wise_n diminish_v the_o treasure_n at_o cracow_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o augment_v it_o that_o he_o shall_v borrow_v no_o money_n but_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n that_o if_o the_o exigence_n of_o the_o state_n require_v naval_a force_n he_o shall_v not_o pretend_v to_o levy_v they_o without_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o final_o that_o all_o the_o right_n liberty_n and_o privilege_n that_o have_v be_v just_o and_o lawful_o grant_v to_o the_o polander_n lithuanian_n and_o to_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o province_n depend_v
on_o they_o and_o to_o all_o the_o city_n according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v ordain_v in_o the_o precede_a diet_n and_o to_o what_o shall_v afterward_o be_v ordain_v in_o the_o follow_a diet_n shall_v be_v inviolable_o keep_v and_o preserve_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v issue_v out_o his_o letter_n patent_n to_o confirm_v they_o in_o all_o their_o clause_n and_o condition_n they_o also_o frequent_o add_v several_a other_o article_n according_a to_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o present_a juncture_n and_o the_o quality_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o elect_v prince_n as_o for_o the_o ceremony_n that_o be_v use_v when_o they_o make_v the_o king_n swear_v the_o capitulation_n the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n carry_v it_o before_o he_o after_o the_o mass_n be_v say_v and_o require_v he_o to_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o observe_v it_o according_a to_o his_o promise_n then_o the_o king_n be_v upon_o his_o knee_n before_o the_o great_a altar_n say_v after_o the_o chancellor_n we_o n._n choose_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n russia_n prussia_n massovia_n samogitia_n kiovia_n volhinia_n podolia_n podlassia_n livonia_n smolensko_n siberia_n and_o czernichovia_n promise_v to_o almighty_a god_n and_o swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o observe_v maintain_v and_o accomplish_v all_o the_o condition_n agree_v upon_o at_o our_o election_n by_o our_o ambassador_n with_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o our_o ambassador_n and_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o according_a to_o all_o the_o clause_n point_n article_n and_o condition_n mention_v therein_o and_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o speciality_n can_v derogate_v from_o the_o generality_n nor_o the_o generality_n from_o the_o speciality_n all_o which_o we_o promise_v to_o ratify_v by_o our_o oath_n on_o the_o day_n of_o our_o coronation_n after_o the_o king_n have_v swear_v to_o keep_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la the_o chancellor_n give_v he_o the_o decree_n of_o his_o election_n write_v in_o parchment_n and_o sign_v by_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n the_o republic_n of_o poland_n use_v these_o precaution_n at_o the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n that_o if_o afterward_o he_o shall_v act_v contrary_a to_o what_o he_o promise_v to_o obsorve_v the_o senator_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o duty_n it_o be_v the_o breach_n of_o one_o of_o those_o article_n which_o give_v the_o polander_n occasion_n to_o complain_v of_o king_n michael_n for_o in_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o he_o swear_v to_o observe_v they_o have_v insert_v this_o article_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o marry_v any_o princess_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n nevertheless_o without_o ask_v their_o consent_n he_o marry_v the_o emperor_n sister_n and_o the_o party_n that_o be_v form_v against_o he_o look_v upon_o this_o as_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o compel_v he_o to_o abdicate_v if_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v elect_v be_v not_o present_a at_o warsaw_n he_o take_v the_o oath_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o deputy_n who_o the_o republic_n send_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o oblige_v himself_o before_o they_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o article_n of_o the_o capitulation_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o sigismond_n the_o three_o swear_v to_o keep_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la in_o the_o abbey_n of_o oliva_n near_o dantzick_n anno_fw-la 1587._o as_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o by_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o poland_n that_o the_o great_a marshal_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o petty_a marshal_n carry_v the_o staff_n erect_v before_o the_o king_n when_o he_o go_v to_o any_o ceremony_n but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o election_n to_o his_o coronation_n they_o carry_v the_o staff_n bow_v down_o that_o when_o the_o king_n issue_n out_o any_o letter_n order_n or_o constitution_n he_o only_o assume_v the_o quality_n of_o king_n elect_a and_o that_o no_o dispatch_n can_v be_v seal_v but_o with_o the_o little_a seal_n of_o the_o closet_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o election_n be_v perfect_v by_o the_o coronation_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o seal_n of_o it_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o king_n coronation_n a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v exercise_v the_o royal_a authority_n before_o his_o coronation_n for_o he_o can_v neither_o dispose_v of_o any_o office_n nor_o benesice_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o grant_v any_o favour_n nor_o use_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o his_o name_n and_o be_v shut_v up_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la can_v make_v a_o decree_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n it_o be_v the_o new_a king_n who_o appoint_v the_o day_n for_o this_o ceremony_n which_o must_v be_v perform_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n in_o the_o castle_n this_o city_n take_v its_o name_n from_o king_n cracus_n who_o build_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 700_o after_o he_o have_v leave_v gnesna_n which_o be_v former_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o vistula_n in_o upper_a poland_n it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o bishop_n who_o be_v a_o suffragan_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n the_o city_n be_v very_o large_a fine_a and_o well-built_a but_o the_o street_n be_v ill_o pave_v as_o in_o most_o other_o city_n of_o that_o country_n however_o the_o street_n be_v very_o broad_a and_o straight_o with_o a_o great_a square_n in_o the_o middle_n where_o the_o townhouse_n be_v build_v the_o castle_n or_o the_o king_n palace_n be_v seat_v upon_o a_o little_a eminence_n or_o rock_n the_o foot_n of_o which_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o vislula_n the_o circumference_n of_o this_o eminence_n be_v very_o small_a and_o consequent_o the_o palace_n be_v of_o no_o very_a great_a extent_n and_o as_o for_o the_o church_n though_o it_o be_v the_o cathedral_n of_o a_o great_a diocese_n and_o the_o buryingplace_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o small_a and_o least_o beautiful_a structure_n of_o that_o kind_n that_o i_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o see_v in_o that_o country_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o king_n house_n be_v real_o well_o build_v but_o beside_o the_o extraordinary_a smallness_n and_o obscurity_n of_o the_o court_n it_o have_v neither_o garden_n wood_n nor_o water_n nor_o be_v it_o adorn_v with_o any_o wall_n or_o avenue_n it_o be_v former_o a_o strong_a place_n when_o the_o strength_n of_o place_n consist_v in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o situation_n but_o it_o be_v now_o only_o fit_a to_o refist_n some_o fly_a party_n of_o horse_n it_o be_v here_o where_o the_o jewel_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v keep_v with_o the_o royal_a ornament_n that_o be_v use_v at_o the_o king_n coronation_n there_o be_v also_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o little_a hill_n or_o rise_v ground_n on_o which_o it_o stand_v the_o cave_n or_o den_n of_o that_o furious_a dragon_n which_o make_v such_o a_o terrible_a havoc_n in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a place_n and_o which_o it_o be_v say_v cracus_n kill_v by_o lay_v some_o meat_n for_o he_o mix_v with_o pitch_n and_o brimstone_n when_o the_o coronation-day_n draw_v near_o the_o king_n make_v his_o entry_n into_o cracow_n on_o horseback_n the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o city_n carry_v a_o canopy_n of_o state_n before_o he_o the_o troop_n both_o horse_n and_o foot_n march_v before_o with_o their_o officer_n and_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o palatine_n bishop_n and_o ambassador_n on_o horseback_n the_o ceremony_n be_v doubtless_o very_o splendid_a and_o i_o know_v not_o where_o a_o traveller_n can_v have_v occasion_n to_o see_v a_o more_o magnificent_a cavalcade_n a_o man_n who_o ride_v on_o horseback_n before_o the_o king_n scatters_z some_o small_a piece_n of_o silver_n stamp_v with_o the_o effigy_n of_o the_o new_a king_n among_o the_o people_n in_o the_o street_n but_o this_o liberality_n cost_v he_o so_o little_a that_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v a_o hundred_o crown_n distribute_v thus_o the_o king_n be_v conduct_v from_o the_o city_n gate_n to_o the_o castle_n pass_v through_o the_o public_a place_n where_o there_o be_v several_a triumphal_a arch_n adorn_v with_o statue_n device_n and_o various_a inscription_n on_o the_o day_n that_o precede_v the_o coronation_n which_o be_v call_v the_o day_n of_o expiation_n they_o perform_v the_o funeral_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n who_o body_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n at_o schalka_n where_o the_o marshal_n break_v their_o staff_n and_o the_o chancellor_n their_o seal_n against_o the_o king_n coffin_n the_o new_a king_n go_v also_o thither_o
not_o be_v crown_v and_o that_o the_o austrian_a faction_n oppose_v it_o both_o because_o she_o be_v a_o french-woman_n bear_v and_o because_o she_o be_v but_o a_o private_a gentlewoman_n but_o the_o event_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o she_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n with_o her_o husband_n without_o the_o least_o opposition_n but_o if_o a_o queen_n of_o poland_n be_v not_o a_o catholic_n she_o can_v be_v crown_v as_o it_o happen_v to_o helen_n the_o wife_n of_o alexander_n i._o and_o daughter_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n and_o refuse_v to_o embrace_v the_o roman_n catholic_n faith_n the_o republic_n will_v never_o consent_v that_o she_o shall_v be_v crown_v though_o according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n both_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o poland_n ought_v to_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n we_o find_v that_o this_o ceremony_n have_v be_v sometime_o perform_v in_o other_o place_n for_o queen_n cecilia_n the_o wife_n of_o vladislaus_n iv_o be_v crown_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1637._o and_o though_o there_o be_v a_o law_n make_v the_o next_o year_n that_o the_o queen_n shall_v always_o be_v crown_v at_o warsaw_n anno_fw-la 1670._o it_o be_v true_a this_o be_v do_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n when_o the_o queen_n be_v crown_v the_o king_n must_v desire_v it_o of_o the_o republic_n he_o must_v be_v present_a at_o the_o ceremony_n himself_o conduct_v she_o to_o the_o church_n and_o present_v she_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n or_o to_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v to_o perform_v the_o ceremony_n the_o archbishop_n anoint_v she_o with_o the_o consecrate_a oil_n and_o put_v the_o crown_n upon_o her_o head_n the_o sceptre_n into_o her_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o globe_n of_o gold_n into_o her_o left_a the_o queen_n of_o poland_n have_v no_o officer_n but_o a_o marshal_n and_o a_o chancellor_n neither_o of_o who_o be_v senator_n but_o only_a judge_n of_o the_o difference_n that_o happen_v among_o her_o domestic_n they_o answer_v the_o harangue_n that_o be_v make_v to_o the_o queen_n when_o a_o ambassador_n make_v she_o a_o compliment_n in_o his_o master_n name_n or_o when_o a_o present_a be_v make_v to_o she_o at_o the_o marriage_n of_o a_o maid_n of_o honour_n the_o king_n furnish_v the_o queen_n with_o money_n to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o her_o household_n but_o after_o the_o king_n death_n she_o must_v maintain_v herself_o and_o all_o her_o retinue_n with_o the_o revenue_n which_o the_o king_n bestow_v upon_o she_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n both_o for_o her_o dowry_n and_o for_o her_o marriage-present_a these_o revenue_n be_v call_v the_o reformation_n and_o consist_v of_o the_o reversion_n of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o starosty_n which_o she_o can_v enjoy_v till_o they_o become_v vacant_a by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o present_a possessor_n so_o that_o a_o queen_n of_o poland_n be_v frequent_o keep_v from_o her_o estate_n till_o she_o be_v just_o ready_a to_o leave_v it_o for_o sometime_o those_o who_o possess_v the_o starosty_n that_o be_v in_o her_o reformation_n outlive_v she_o but_o if_o the_o king_n die_v before_o the_o queen_n reformation_n be_v settle_v upon_o she_o the_o republic_n allow_v she_o a_o yearly_o pension_n out_o of_o the_o crown-land_n as_o they_o do_v to_o queen_n eleanor_n in_o the_o year_n 1674_o after_o the_o election_n of_o king_n john_n for_o they_o be_v so_o king_n to_o that_o princess_n as_o to_o give_v she_o a_o yearly_o pension_n of_o 120000_o livre_n by_o a_o express_a article_n which_o be_v afterward_o insert_v in_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la but_o she_o choose_v rather_o to_o quit_v both_o that_o and_o the_o kingdom_n than_o to_o see_v a_o french_a gentlewoman_n succeed_v a_o princess_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o polish_v army_n there_o be_v so_o little_a order_n or_o discipline_n observe_v in_o the_o polish_v army_n that_o the_o country_n be_v frequent_o harass_v by_o those_o who_o be_v pay_v to_o defend_v it_o and_o the_o republic_n be_v oblige_v to_o raise_v new_a troop_n every_o year_n at_o the_o first_o there_o be_v few_o city_n in_o poland_n but_o when_o the_o inhabitant_n grow_v more_o industrious_a in_o cultivate_v the_o ground_n they_o be_v perpetual_o molest_v by_o their_o neighbour_n who_o by_o frequent_a inroad_n endeavour_v to_o deprive_v they_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o their_o labour_n in_o order_n to_o oppose_v these_o invasion_n the_o king_n cause_v castle_n and_o fortress_n to_o be_v build_v in_o the_o city_n which_o always_o subsist_v so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o royal_a authority_n and_o defend_v by_o good_a officer_n and_o discipline_v soldier_n but_o since_o those_o fort_n be_v neglect_v several_a lord_n have_v endeavour_v to_o usurp_v the_o possession_n of_o they_o that_o they_o may_v extend_v their_o dominion_n over_o the_o city_n and_o oppress_v the_o burgher_n as_o they_o do_v the_o peasant_n in_o the_o village_n those_o who_o the_o king_n entrust_v with_o the_o government_n of_o those_o place_n do_v not_o employ_v the_o revenue_n that_o be_v annex_v to_o they_o in_o repair_v the_o wall_n and_o fortificatious_a whence_o it_o come_v that_o all_o their_o city_n be_v open_a and_o that_o the_o soldier_n who_o be_v put_v there_o into_o winter_n quarter_n may_v go_v out_o when_o they_o please_v and_o ravage_n the_o country_n for_o when_o a_o regiment_n be_v to_o be_v send_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o other_o the_o commander_n be_v only_o order_v to_o set_v out_o and_o to_o go_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v without_o mention_v either_o the_o time_n or_o the_o place_n through_o which_o he_o be_v to_o march_v or_o the_o city_n where_o he_o be_v to_o quarter_n so_o that_o he_o may_v run_v through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o so_o sometime_o spend_v a_o month_n or_o six_o week_n in_o march_v to_o a_o place_n which_o he_o may_v have_v reach_v in_o eight_o day_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o these_o disorderly_a march_n must_v of_o necessity_n waste_v and_o destroy_v the_o city_n and_o village_n through_o which_o the_o soldier_n pass_v nor_o be_v the_o law_n able_a to_o to_o remedy_v such_o a_o insupportable_a grievance_n because_o it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n in_o poland_n to_o establish_v magazine_n and_o storehouse_n in_o any_o place_n the_o gentleman_n who_o go_v to_o the_o army_n spend_v the_o best_a part_n of_o their_o estate_n in_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o magnificent_a arm_n fine_a horse_n and_o rich_a apparel_n maintain_v a_o numerous_a train_n of_o servant_n their_o estate_n alone_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o defray_v so_o vast_a a_o charge_n and_o beside_o they_o receive_v no_o pay_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n after_o they_o enter_v into_o the_o service_n so_o that_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n constrain_v to_o oppress_v the_o people_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o support_v their_o extravagant_a vanity_n some_o who_o be_v natural_o of_o a_o less_o violent_a temper_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v a_o fault_n which_o they_o be_v force_v to_o acknowledge_v by_o lay_v the_o blame_n upon_o the_o court_n pretend_v that_o the_o king_n bestow_v the_o royal_a gift_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o the_o office_n and_o dignity_n upon_o the_o courtier_n or_o other_o great_a lord_n who_o either_o have_v no_o need_n of_o they_o or_o do_v not_o deserve_v they_o in_o stead_n of_o give_v they_o to_o those_o who_o have_v do_v good_a service_n in_o the_o army_n where_o they_o have_v spend_v their_o estate_n and_o expose_v their_o life_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n other_o accuse_v those_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o management_n of_o the_o finance_n who_o make_v they_o wait_v very_o long_o for_o their_o pay_n and_o even_o then_o oblige_v they_o to_o quit_v part_n of_o it_o that_o they_o may_v procure_v the_o rest_n these_o grievance_n exasperate_v their_o mind_n and_o frequent_o occasion_n great_a complaint_n in_o the_o diet._n when_o they_o levy_v soldier_n in_o foland_n the_o captain_n exact_a contribution_n on_o those_o place_n where_o they_o raise_v their_o man_n and_o give_v very_o little_a to_o the_o soldier_n retain_v the_o money_n they_o receive_v on_o the_o public_a account_n always_o find_v some_o unjust_a pretext_n to_o defraud_v the_o soldier_n of_o their_o pay_n who_o be_v consequent_o under_o a_o strong_a temptation_n to_o rob_v and_o pillage_v the_o country_n the_o officer_n not_o dare_v to_o restrain_v a_o disorder_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o themselves_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o these_o irregularity_n it_o have_v be_v frequent_o propose_v to_o the_o diet_n by_o some_o wise_a and_o consider_v person_n to_o keep_v the_o soldier_n always_o
be_v a_o twist_v of_o the_o hair_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o unravel_v it_o these_o twist_v lock_n can_v be_v compare_v to_o any_o thing_n more_o fit_o than_o to_o those_o long_a and_o nasty_a rope_n of_o hair_n upon_o some_o spaniel_n the_o polander_n give_v this_o account_n of_o the_o original_a of_o this_o distemper_n they_o say_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v make_v a_o furious_a irruption_n into_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1279_o and_o have_v kill_v a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n they_o poison_v their_o heart_n and_o throw_v they_o into_o the_o water_n which_o infect_v those_o who_o drink_v they_o with_o this_o loathsome_a disease_n the_o true_a cause_n whereof_o be_v still_o a_o secret_a to_o physician_n stranger_n general_o believe_v that_o the_o plica_fw-la be_v the_o effect_n of_o slovenliness_n and_o not_o of_o any_o distemper_n and_o they_o be_v confirm_v in_o this_o opinion_n because_o they_o be_v never_o trouble_v with_o it_o even_o though_o they_o live_v a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o country_n for_o if_o their_o hair_n begin_v to_o twist_n when_o they_o fall_v sick_a they_o cause_v it_o immediate_o to_o be_v cut_v off_o which_o the_o polander_n dare_v not_o do_v for_o fear_n of_o lose_v their_o sight_n which_o they_o imagine_v be_v a_o unavoidable_a consequence_n of_o cut_v off_o the_o hair_n in_o this_o distemper_n yet_o i_o have_v know_v some_o who_o hair_n be_v actual_o cut_v off_o without_o any_o dangerous_a accident_n but_o the_o people_n be_v so_o persuade_v that_o the_o plica_fw-la be_v a_o distemper_n that_o there_o be_v some_o old_a woman_n who_o pretend_v to_o bring_v it_o out_o upon_o child_n that_o be_v trouble_v with_o languish_v disease_n by_o mix_v and_o twist_v their_o hair_n and_o make_v their_o mother_n believe_v that_o the_o child_n be_v only_o sick_a because_o the_o plica_fw-la can_v break_v forth_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o polander_n the_o polander_n receive_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o mieceslaus_n in_o the_o year_n 964._o and_o have_v ever_o since_o remain_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n except_o some_o who_o in_o the_o last_o age_n embrace_v the_o doctrine_n of_o luther_n and_o calvin_n at_o present_v the_o polander_n be_v general_o roman_a catholic_n except_o in_o russia_n where_o there_o be_v still_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o person_n who_o observe_v the_o rite_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n and_o in_o prussia_n where_o there_o be_v many_o lutheran_n as_o at_o dantzick_n elbing_n thorn_n and_o mariemburg_n there_o be_v also_o some_o socinian_n former_o but_o king_n john_n casimir_n expel_v they_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o 1658_o and_o oblige_v they_o to_o sell_v their_o estate_n in_o three_o year_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n nicholas_n radziwill_n be_v the_o first_o who_o turn_v calvinist_n and_o protect_v those_o of_o that_o persuasion_n in_o his_o house_n at_o vilna_n where_o they_o sing_v the_o psalm_n translate_v into_o the_o vulgar_a tongue_n but_o that_o branch_n of_o the_o house_n of_o radziwill_n be_v now_o whole_o extinct_a the_o last_o have_v leave_v only_o one_o daughter_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n second_o son_n the_o ecclesiastic_n in_o general_n be_v very_o much_o respect_v in_o poland_n but_o the_o monk_n or_o regular_a clergy_n be_v more_o esteem_v than_o the_o rest_n and_o well_o entertain_v every_o where_n they_o read_v homily_n in_o the_o church_n and_o carry_v the_o sacrament_n private_o to_o sick_a person_n and_o even_o sometime_o bury_v the_o dead_a without_o ask_v the_o consent_n either_o of_o the_o bishop_n or_o curate_n the_o mendicant_a friar_n who_o go_v about_o beg_v alm_n enter_v bold_o to_o the_o very_a closet_n without_o knock_v at_o the_o door_n the_o monk_n in_o poland_n be_v general_o rich_a but_o they_o be_v neither_o regular_a nor_o modest_a for_o they_o usual_o drink_v in_o cellar_n which_o be_v the_o tavern_n of_o that_o country_n and_o sometime_o to_o that_o excess_n that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o walk_v in_o the_o street_n without_o fear_v either_o to_o be_v censure_v by_o their_o superior_n or_o to_o give_v any_o occasion_n of_o scandal_n to_o the_o people_n the_o fast_n that_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o monk_n and_o by_o all_o the_o polander_n in_o general_n consist_v only_o in_o abstain_v from_o milk_n egg_n and_o boil_a fish_n at_o night_n for_o they_o may_v eat_v dry_v fish_n for_o their_o collation_n and_o provide_v they_o fast_o at_o that_o time_n they_o imagine_v that_o they_o may_v eat_v and_o drink_v all_o the_o day_n long_o they_o abstain_v from_o butter_n egg_n and_o milk_n on_o friday_n and_o saturday_n for_o they_o believe_v there_o be_v no_o difference_n betwixt_o milk_n and_o flesh_n as_o for_o the_o secular_a clergy_n there_o be_v some_o of_o they_o who_o have_v not_o only_o two_o canonship_n but_o two_o parsonage_n but_o there_o be_v none_o of_o they_o who_o take_v care_n to_o perform_v the_o duty_n of_o their_o function_n the_o curate_n make_v the_o monk_n instruct_v their_o parishioner_n and_o leave_v the_o other_o duty_n of_o their_o office_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o vicar_n the_o canon_n be_v never_o present_a at_o the_o office_n and_o give_v a_o poor_a scholar_n two_o penny_n a_o day_n to_o say_v their_o hour_n for_o they_o in_o the_o quire_n and_o the_o bishop_n themselves_o be_v so_o careless_a of_o their_o episcopal_a function_n that_o they_o dare_v not_o correct_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n the_o polander_n seem_v very_o devout_a and_o bestow_v considerable_a gift_n upon_o their_o church_n but_o they_o be_v neither_o liberal_a to_o the_o poor_a nor_o careful_a of_o their_o sick_a servant_n they_o pray_v aloud_o in_o the_o church_n and_o at_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o sacrament_n at_o mass_n they_o beat_v themselves_o and_o knock_v their_o head_n against_o the_o pavement_n or_o against_o the_o bench_n on_o which_o they_o sit_v with_o so_o much_o violence_n that_o on_o such_o occasion_n there_o be_v always_o a_o great_a noise_n in_o the_o church_n the_o woman_n common_o use_v their_o prayer-book_n with_o a_o chaplet_n of_o bead_n draw_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o '_o they_o in_o winter_n all_o the_o lady_n of_o quality_n and_o even_o some_o man_n cause_n a_o fur_v bag_n to_o be_v bring_v to_o church_n in_o which_o they_o put_v their_o foot_n for_o the_o wether_n be_v extreme_o cold_a especial_o for_o the_o woman_n who_o have_v fine_a thin_a shoe_n they_o wear_v also_o a_o little_a fur_v mantle_n upon_o their_o shoulder_n the_o church_n of_o poland_n be_v very_o fine_a and_o well-adorned_a the_o jesuit_n of_o leopold_n have_v a_o chasuble_a cover_v so_o thick_a with_o pearl_n and_o so_o heavy_a that_o they_o can_v use_v it_o when_o they_o say_v mass_n it_o be_v value_v at_o above_o 100000_o livre_n they_o sing_v somewhat_o in_o the_o polish_v tongue_n every_o where_o especial_o in_o the_o parish_n at_o high-mass_n the_o rosary_n be_v also_o daily_o repeat_v in_o the_o same_o language_n in_o all_o the_o church_n of_o the_o dominican_n where_o the_o woman_n be_v seat_v on_o one_o side_n and_o the_o man_n on_o the_o other_o the_o man_n alone_o sing_v the_o ave_fw-la maria_n and_o the_o woman_n alone_o the_o sancta_fw-la maria._n there_o be_v monk_n of_o all_o order_n in_o poland_n except_o carthusian_n and_o minim_n chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o jurisdiction_n in_o poland_n ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a the_o former_a be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o bishop_n who_o execute_v it_o by_o their_o official_o from_o who_o judgement_n there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n the_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o beside_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n be_v so_o great_a that_o he_o may_v judge_v all_o ecclesiastic_a cause_n by_o appeal_n the_o civil_a jurisdiction_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o judge_n the_o starosta_n hold_n court_v within_o the_o extent_n of_o their_o territory_n and_o each_o city_n have_v a_o right_a to_o give_v judgement_n in_o certain_a case_n every_o palatin_n marshal_n and_o chancellor_n have_v his_o respective_a jurisdiction_n the_o king_n the_o senate_n and_o the_o general_a diet_n determine_v civil_a and_o criminal_a cause_n and_o beside_o the_o nobility_n have_v three_o court_n where_o they_o give_v final_a judgement_n in_o cause_n without_o further_a appeal_n there_o be_v two_o of_o those_o court_n for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o one_o for_o the_o duchy_n those_o of_o the_o kingdom_n sit_v at_o peotrkow_n in_o lower_n and_o lublin_n in_o upper_a poland_n and_o that_o of_o the_o duchy_n be_v hold_v one_o year_n at_o viina_n and_o another_o at_o minsk_n or_o at_o nowogrodeck_n by_o turn_n they_o be_v compose_v
always_o afraid_a that_o he_o shall_v never_o be_v pay_v other_o travel_v on_o horseback_n and_o carry_v along_o with_o they_o a_o small_a stich_v quilt_n to_o lie_v upon_o be_v about_o a_o inch_n thick_a and_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a which_o they_o fold_v double_a and_o lay_v it_o under_o the_o saddle_n and_o when_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o inn_n they_o give_v the_o gospodarz_n money_n to_o bring_v they_o some_o brown_a bread_n beer_n and_o a_o little_a oat_n so_o that_o all_o the_o charge_n for_o the_o lodging_n of_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n and_o of_o his_o horse_n do_v not_o often_o amount_v to_o above_o 5_o or_o 6_o gros_n which_o be_v worth_a no_o more_o than_o two_o penny_n and_o consequent_o that_o which_o be_v so_o incommodious_a to_o stranger_n be_v very_o convenient_a for_o those_o of_o the_o country_n because_o they_o can_v travel_v 100_o league_n on_o horseback_n without_o spend_v above_o 50_o penny_n as_o for_o the_o lord_n and_o lady_n they_o travel_v always_o in_o coach_n and_o carry_v wagon_n along_o with_o they_o with_o provision_n and_o bed_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o woman_n but_o their_o attendant_n who_o follow_v they_o on_o horseback_n be_v force_v to_o content_v themselves_o with_o such_o lodging_n as_o i_o describe_v before_o i_o must_v not_o forget_v to_o intimate_v that_o a_o traveller_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o careful_a in_o pass_v over_o the_o bridge_n because_o they_o be_v general_o bad_a and_o the_o polander_n take_v no_o care_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o repair_n those_o who_o travel_v in_o winter_n ought_v to_o provide_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o brandy_n and_o a_o fur_v bag_n to_o put_v their_o foot_n into_o for_o it_o be_v so_o cold_a in_o poland_n that_o those_o who_o be_v in_o a_o coach_n wagon_n or_o calash_n can_v otherwise_o endure_v it_o and_o since_o the_o lake_n and_o river_n be_v so_o freeze_v that_o they_o easy_o travel_v upon_o the_o ice_n they_o must_v take_v care_n when_o the_o earth_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n to_o procure_v a_o sledge_n upon_o which_o they_o must_v place_v the_o coach_n or_o calash_n and_o draw_v the_o sledge_n with_o the_o horse_n traveller_n be_v very_o much_o incommode_v in_o winter_n especial_o on_o holiday_n for_o the_o cold_a be_v so_o pierce_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v in_o a_o chamber_n without_o a_o stove_n in_o it_o and_o beside_o on_o such_o solemn_a occasion_n all_o the_o peasant_n of_o the_o village_n who_o usual_o drink_v nothing_o but_o water_n meet_v together_o to_o carouse_n with_o beer_n and_o brandy_n and_o then_o sing_v and_o dance_v all_o night_n so_o that_o the_o weary_a traveller_n can_v so_o much_o as_o shut_v his_o eye_n i_o have_v say_v enough_o to_o convince_v the_o reader_n that_o the_o manner_n of_o travel_v in_o poland_n be_v extreme_o inconvenient_a to_o stranger_n as_o for_o the_o native_a polander_n who_o travel_v on_o horseback_n in_o the_o winter_n they_o have_v great_a boot_n into_o which_o they_o put_v chaff_n or_o chopped_a straw_n to_o keep_v their_o foot_n warm_a and_o before_o they_o mount_v their_o horse_n they_o drink_v a_o large_a draught_n of_o brandy_n to_o preserve_v they_o from_o the_o cold._a the_o coachman_n use_v the_o same_o precaution_n from_o the_o cold_a for_o otherwise_o they_o can_v never_o endure_v the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o wether_n which_o be_v so_o excessive_o violent_a that_o when_o a_o man_n travel_n with_o his_o face_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n his_o nose_n sometime_o freeze_v those_o who_o have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o meet_v with_o such_o a_o disaster_n must_v apply_v snow_n to_o the_o part_n and_o careful_o avoid_v enter_v into_o a_o room_n wherein_o there_o be_v a_o stove_n or_o into_o any_o warm_a place_n for_o otherwise_o they_o will_v run_v the_o hazard_n of_o lose_v their_o nose_n there_o be_v no_o travel_v by_o post_n in_o poland_n though_o there_o be_v post_n for_o carry_v letter_n and_o pacquet_n this_o custom_n be_v first_o establish_v by_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o vladislaus_n iv_o anno_fw-la 1647._o for_o before_o that_o time_n the_o king_n order_n be_v carry_v by_o gentleman_n of_o the_o court_n who_o oblige_v the_o starosta_n to_o furnish_v they_o with_o horse_n and_o provision_n chap._n xxix_o of_o the_o polish_v coin_n the_o piece_n of_o gold_n which_o pass_v current_o in_o poland_n be_v ducat_n which_o be_v worth_a 2_o french_a crown_n or_o 2_o german_a rix_n dollar_n or_o 7_o livre_n of_o dantzick_n money_n or_o 12_o livre_n of_o the_o currant_n money_n of_o poland_n that_o be_v in_o chelons_n a_o chelon_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o copper_n small_a than_o a_o french_a denier_n 3_o chelons_n make_v a_o polish_v gros_n and_o 3_o gross_a 2_o penny_n of_o the_o country_n money_n so_o that_o to_o make_v up_o these_o 2_o penny_n which_o be_v not_o worth_a above_o one_o of_o our_o pennys_n there_o must_v be_v 9_o chelons_n which_o be_v not_o worth_a and_o weigh_v no_o more_o than_o 2_o english_a farthing_n whereby_o one_o may_v easy_o judge_v how_o much_o the_o country_n be_v ruin_v by_o so_o base_a a_o coin_n which_o be_v first_o introduce_v in_o a_o press_a exigency_n to_o satisfy_v the_o army_n which_o have_v confederated_a for_o want_v of_o their_o pay_n the_o introduce_v of_o base_a money_n into_o poland_n be_v no_o new_a thing_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o be_v coin_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o casimir_n iu._n and_o afterward_o occasion_v a_o complaint_n to_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o peortrkow_n in_o 1459._o for_o at_o that_o time_n the_o king_n have_v the_o privilege_n of_o coin_v the_o money_n and_o the_o first_o who_o yield_v it_o up_o to_o the_o republic_n be_v sigismond_n iii_o in_o the_o year_n 1632._o there_o be_v another_o base_a coin_n in_o poland_n call_v tinfe_fw-mi which_o be_v also_o bring_v into_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o year_n 1663._o to_o pay_v the_o confederated_a army_n the_o tinfe_fw-mi which_v be_v a_o little_o large_a than_o a_o french_a fifteen_o penny_n be_v of_o silver_n of_o a_o base_a alloy_n it_o be_v worth_a 30_o gros_n of_o chelons_n which_o make_v 20_o penny_n of_o poland_n or_o 10_o common_a penny_n beside_o the_o tinfe_v there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o money_n call_v choustack_n which_o be_v also_o a_o piece_n of_o silver_n of_o base_a alloy_n and_o less_o than_o a_o french_a sou_n it_o be_v worth_a 10_o gros_n of_o poland_n so_o that_o 3_o of_o they_o make_v a_o tinfe_fw-mi these_o base_a coin_n do_v not_o pass_v so_o current_o at_o dantzick_n nor_o in_o any_o part_n of_o prussia_n for_o the_o tinfe_v be_v not_o worth_a above_o 18_o gros_n and_o the_o choustack_n six_o gros_n of_o dantzick_n money_n because_o the_o chelons_n of_o dantzick_n be_v worth_n more_o than_o those_o of_o poland_n which_o do_v not_o go_v at_o all_o there_o the_o money_n of_o dantzick_n consist_v in_o ducat_n of_o gold_n ourt_n choustaques_n and_o chelons_n the_o ducat_n as_o i_o intimate_v before_o be_v worth_a 2_o rix_n dollar_n or_o 2_o french_a crown_n a_o ourt_n be_v a_o silver_n coin_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o french_a piece_n of_o fifteen_o penny_n and_o be_v worth_a 18_o gros_n of_o dantzick_n or_o 30_o gros_n of_o polish_v money_n a_o choustaque_fw-la be_v worth_a 6_o gros_n of_o dantzick_n 10_o gros_n of_o polish_v money_n and_o there_o must_v be_v 3_o chelons_n dantzick_n to_o make_v a_o gros_n yet_o 18_o gros_n of_o dantzick_n chelons_n make_n 30_o gros_n of_o polish_v chelons_n thus_o a_o tinfe_fw-mi which_o be_v worth_a 30_o gros_n of_o polish_v chelons_n be_v worth_a but_o 18_o gros_n of_o dantzick_n chelons_n the_o ducat_n which_o be_v worth_a 12_o franc_n of_o polish_v chelons_n be_v worth_a but_o 7_o frank_n of_o currant_n money_n of_o dantzick_n five_o choustaques_n or_o a_o ourt_n and_o 2_o choustaques_n make_v a_o livre_fw-fr of_o dantzick_n money_n because_o 5_o choustaques_n make_v 30_o gros_n and_o 30_o gros_n make_v 20_o penny_n this_o difference_n in_o the_o value_n of_o the_o coin_n ought_v to_o be_v heedful_o observe_v by_o stranger_n who_o have_v occasion_n to_o pass_v through_o dantzick_n because_o the_o banker_n take_v all_o opportunity_n to_o impose_v upon_o '_o they_o a_o appendix_n contain_v a_o chronological_a abridgement_n of_o the_o history_n of_o poland_n some_o remark_n upon_o the_o government_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o the_o abdication_n of_o k._n john_n casimir_n and_o a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o socinianism_n in_o that_o country_n lechus_n 550._o an._n dom._n 550._o the_o polish_v historian_n asscribe_v the_o foundation_n of_o their_o monarchy_n to_o lechus_n and_o some_o of_o they_o think_v that_o the_o pole_n or_o polander_n be_v first_o call_v polach_n from_o the_o name_n of_o this_o prince_n he_o build_v the_o city_n of_o gnesna_n
templo_fw-la plusquam_fw-la sacerdos_n in_o republica_a plusquam_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o sententia_fw-la dicenda_fw-la plusquam_fw-la senator_n in_o judicio_fw-la plusquam_fw-la jurisconsultus_fw-la in_o exercitu_fw-la plusquam_fw-la imperator_fw-la in_o acie_n plusquam_fw-la miles_n in_o adversis_fw-la perferendis_fw-la injuriisque_fw-la condonandis_fw-la plusquam_fw-la vir._n in_o publica_fw-la libertate_fw-la tuenda_fw-la plusquam_fw-la civis_fw-la in_o pater_fw-la colenda_fw-la plusquam_fw-la amicus_fw-la in_o convictu_fw-la plusquam_fw-la familiaris_fw-la in_o venatione_n ferisque_fw-la domandis_fw-la plusquam_fw-la leo._n in_o tota_fw-la reliqua_fw-la vita_fw-la plusquam_fw-la philosophus_fw-la sigismond_n iii_o 1587._o an._n d._n 1587._o the_o son_n of_o john_n king_n of_o sweden_n by_o catherine_n daughter_n to_o sigismond_n i._o have_v renounce_v the_o protestant_a religion_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o nobility_n he_o order_v maximilian_n archduke_n of_o austria_n who_o the_o crown-general_n zamoski_n have_v defeat_v to_o be_v bind_v with_o golden-fetter_n and_o carry_v to_o zamosch_n where_o he_o keep_v he_o prisoner_n two_o year_n vladislaus_n vi_o or_o iu_o the_o son_n and_o successor_n of_o sigismond_n he_o have_v the_o courage_n to_o encounter_v a_o army_n of_o 200000_o muscovite_n with_o 50000_o man_n and_o rout_v they_o entire_o after_o this_o memorable_a and_o important_a victory_n he_o take_v the_o city_n of_o moscow_n and_o return_v in_o triumph_n to_o warsaw_n with_o two_o czar_n the_o patriarch_n the_o crown_n and_o 500_o wagon_n load_v with_o rich_a spoil_n he_o defeat_v the_o grand_a signior_n osman_n and_o pursue_v he_o almost_o as_o far_o as_o constantinople_n afterward_o he_o be_v so_o animate_v with_o a_o imprudent_a zeal_n for_o the_o propagate_a of_o religion_n that_o he_o resolve_v to_o undertake_v a_o expedition_n to_o the_o holy-land_n and_o die_v for_o grief_n because_o the_o polander_n refuse_v to_o raise_v subsidy_n to_o enable_v he_o to_o prosecute_v that_o design_n after_o his_o death_n the_o kingdom_n be_v harass_v by_o the_o cossack_n who_o be_v principal_o incense_v against_o the_o jew_n and_o jesuit_n john_n casimit_n who_o be_v former_o a_o jesuit_n and_o a_o cardinal_n be_v elect_v king_n after_o his_o brother_n vladislaus_n and_o obtain_v a_o dispensation_n from_o the_o pope_n to_o marry_v his_o widow_n he_o defeat_v the_o cossack_n in_o a_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a battle_n near_o beresteczko_n in_o russia_n have_v by_o this_o victory_n curb_v that_o factious_a people_n and_o secure_v the_o quiet_a of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o begin_v to_o indulge_v himself_o in_o his_o pleasure_n he_o banish_v the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o crown_n after_o he_o have_v debauch_v his_o wife_n and_o that_o injure_v officer_n return_v to_o sweden_n persuade_v that_o prince_n to_o invade_v poland_n which_o he_o do_v with_o so_o great_a success_n that_o casimir_n be_v entire_o dispossess_v but_o he_o be_v afterward_o recall_v even_o by_o those_o who_o join_v with_o his_o enemy_n and_o after_o several_a battle_n oblige_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n to_o make_v a_o peace_n at_o last_o by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o his_o queen_n that_o he_o may_v make_v way_n for_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n to_o succeed_v he_o he_o abdicate_v the_o government_n and_o retire_v to_o france_n where_o he_o be_v make_v abbot_n of_o st._n germane_a michael_n after_o casimir_n abdication_n several_a intrigue_n be_v make_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n newburg_n and_o york_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n who_o stand_v candidate_n for_o the_o crown_n at_o that_o time_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n profess_v the_o protestant_a religion_n but_o when_o that_o be_v object_v against_o he_o by_o the_o nobility_n a_o certain_a jesuit_n who_o be_v employ_v to_o manage_v his_o interest_n declare_v open_o before_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n that_o he_o be_v a_o roman-catholick_n at_o last_o contrary_a to_o all_o expectation_n the_o election_n be_v determine_v in_o favour_n of_o michael_n coributh_n wisnowieczki_n who_o be_v descend_v of_o the_o most_o ancient_a family_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n this_o prince_n die_v at_o warsaw_n about_o a_o year_n after_o his_o coronation_n and_o it_o be_v common_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v poison_v by_o a_o certain_a priest_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o general_n sobieski_n afterward_o choose_a king_n come_v to_o see_v he_o in_o his_o coffin_n the_o nose_n of_o the_o decease_a prince_n begin_v to_o bleed_v assoon_o as_o he_o enter_v the_o room_n john_n sobieski_n this_o prince_n be_v descend_v of_o a_o very_a noble_a and_o ancient_a family_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n he_o be_v the_o young_a son_n of_o sobieski_n castellan_n of_o cracow_n by_o a_o daughter_n of_o stanislas_n zolkiewski_n great_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n he_o be_v make_v great_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n august_n 24._o 1665_o great_a general_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o 1667_o and_o great_a master_n of_o the_o king_n household_n palatin_a of_o cracow_n etc._n etc._n he_o retake_v 60_o city_n from_o the_o rebel_n cossack_n in_o vkrania_n in_o 1667._o he_o defend_v podhais_n against_o the_o tartar_n and_o two_o year_n after_o take_v from_o they_o and_o the_o cossack_n the_o whole_a palatinate_n of_o braclaw_n in_o lower_n podolia_fw-la in_o 1673._o he_o obtain_v a_o memorable_a victory_n over_o the_o turk_n at_o choczim_n on_o the_o niester_n where_o 8000_o janissary_n and_o 20000_o spahis_n be_v kill_v he_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n may_v 10_o 1674_o and_o make_v two_o campaign_n against_o the_o turk_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v but_o that_o which_o will_v for_o ever_o perpetuate_v the_o honour_n of_o his_o memory_n be_v that_o glorious_a and_o important_a action_n which_o he_o perform_v in_o 1683_o when_o he_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o vienna_n the_o follow_a panegyrical_a character_n of_o that_o prince_n be_v make_v upon_o that_o occasion_n joanni_fw-it iii_o dominatione_fw-la polonico_n lithuanico_n liberatione_n austriaco_n pannonico_n profligatione_fw-la ottomanico_fw-la thracio_n religione_fw-la christianissimo_fw-la pielate_fw-la catholico_fw-la zelo_fw-la apostolico_fw-la inter_fw-la deuce_n pugnacissimo_fw-la inter_fw-la reges_fw-la sapientissimo_fw-la inter_fw-la imperatores_fw-la augustissimo_fw-la cui_fw-la gloria_fw-la militaris_fw-la regna_fw-la peperit_fw-la clementia_n stabilivit_fw-la virtus_fw-la perennavit_fw-la qui_fw-la raro_fw-la pietatis_fw-la &_o constantiae_fw-la exemplo_fw-la propria_fw-la deserens_fw-la aliena_fw-la defendens_fw-la docuit_fw-la quo_fw-la pacto_fw-la sacra_fw-la foederis_fw-la jura_fw-la jungantur_fw-la custodiantur_fw-la &_o compleantur_fw-la ottomani_fw-la be_fw-mi lunam_fw-la fulgentissimo_fw-la crucis_fw-la vexillo_fw-la eternam_fw-la eclypsim_fw-la minitantem_fw-la adeo_fw-la prosper_v feliciterque_fw-la finibus_fw-la extirpavit_fw-la ut_fw-la unum_fw-la idemque_fw-la fuerit_fw-la venisse_fw-la vidisse_fw-la &_o vicisse_fw-la igitur_fw-la inter_fw-la innumeros_fw-la christiani_n orbis_n plausus_fw-la inter_fw-la vindicatam_fw-la religionis_fw-la &_o imperii_fw-la laetitiam_fw-la inter_fw-la cruentae_fw-la lunae_fw-la extrema_fw-la deliquia_fw-la agnoscant_fw-la praesentes_fw-la credant_fw-la posteri_fw-la non_fw-la tantum_fw-la enascenti_fw-la evangelio_n quo_fw-la propagaretur_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o adulto_fw-la ne_fw-la profligaretur_fw-la vtrobique_fw-la a_o deo_fw-la missum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la hominem_fw-la cui_fw-la nomen_fw-la erat_fw-la joannes_n he_o marry_v the_o lady_n mary_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr grange_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o marquis_n now_o cardinal_n do_v arquien_v and_o widow_n of_o prince_n zamoiski_n he_o die_v june_n 17._o 1696_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o fit_a of_o a_o apoplexy_n after_o a_o long_a indisposition_n some_o remark_n upon_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n as_o to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n in_o poland_n that_o whereas_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v the_o keeper_n preserver_n and_o defendor_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o law_n of_o the_o country_n now_o for_o fear_n of_o a_o change_n in_o the_o government_n as_o have_v happen_v in_o france_n denmark_n swedeland_n and_o italy_n where_o the_o nobility_n have_v be_v corrupt_v and_o bribe_v with_o honour_n and_o other_o reward_n by_o the_o king_n have_v by_o degree_n remit_v from_o time_n to_o time_n some_o of_o their_o right_n and_o immunity_n ill_o at_o last_o they_o have_v fool_v themselves_o out_o of_o their_o freedom_n into_o a_o slavish_a dependence_n on_o the_o court_n the_o republic_n of_o poland_n warn_v by_o those_o example_n to_o avoid_v such_o a_o fate_n have_v make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n must_v be_v nemine_fw-la contradicente_fw-la a_o instance_n of_o this_o may_v be_v give_v 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the_o say_a deputy_n who_o be_v ask_v why_o he_o thus_o dissent_v answer_v that_o he_o do_v it_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n may_v be_v safe_a and_o lodge_v within_o his_o power_n though_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n be_v corrupt_v have_v say_v this_o and_o cause_v his_o protestation_n to_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o record_n and_o archive_v of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o present_o consent_v with_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o election_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o four_o the_o polish_v nobility_n be_v endow_v with_o so_o many_o privilege_n and_o the_o deputy_n have_v always_o a_o free_a vote_n the_o aristocratical_a state_n of_o poland_n can_v well_o be_v change_v by_o any_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n into_o a_o absolute_a monarchy_n for_o whosoever_o offer_v to_o do_v this_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o senate_n to_o be_v perjure_a and_o no_o more_o a_o king_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o late_a king_n john_n the_o three_o oath_n in_o harnoc_n beside_o the_o nobility_n use_v immediate_o to_o complain_v in_o the_o open_a senate_n of_o the_o tyranny_n of_o those_o that_o attempt_v such_o innovation_n as_o do_v a_o certain_a deputy_n out_o of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n king_n stephen_n bathori_n after_o many_o victory_n which_o he_o gain_v and_o several_a province_n with_o which_o he_o enlarge_v the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n begin_v at_o last_o to_o endeavour_v to_o make_v himself_o absolute_a monarch_n of_o poland_n whereupon_o this_o deputy_n express_v himself_o in_o a_o speech_n with_o so_o much_o freedom_n boldness_n and_o vehemence_n that_o the_o king_n ambitious_a and_o passionate_a in_o his_o nature_n not_o be_v able_a to_o let_v the_o deputy_n run_v on_o any_o long_a upon_o that_o topic_n interrupt_v he_o in_o these_o word_n hold_v your_o tongue_n you_o rascal_n to_o which_o the_o deputy_n make_v answer_n i_o be_o no_o rascal_n but_o a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n a_o elector_n of_o king_n and_o a_o deposer_n of_o tyrant_n whereupon_o the_o king_n say_v to_o he_o if_o i_o be_v not_o a_o king_n and_o the_o deputy_n answer_v if_o you_o be_v not_o by_o which_o imperfect_a reply_v the_o deputy_n hint_v to_o the_o king_n that_o he_o do_v not_o want_v courage_n to_o engage_v with_o he_o hand_n to_o hand_n for_o liberty_n if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v check_v by_o his_o respect_n for_o the_o majesty_n of_o king_n the_o king_n afterward_o have_v bury_v all_o his_o resentment_n advance_v he_o to_o the_o high_a dignity_n nor_o do_v he_o believe_v that_o this_o have_v any_o way_n lessen_v his_o majesty_n on_o the_o contrary_a he_o always_o esteem_v he_o one_o of_o the_o best_a patriot_n and_o lover_n of_o his_o country_n if_o any_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n aim_n at_o arbitrary_a government_n or_o act_n contrary_a to_o the_o religion_n and_o law_n of_o the_o country_n he_o be_v immediate_o depose_v or_o force_v to_o abdicate_v the_o throne_n the_o form_n which_o king_n casimire_n use_v in_o his_o abdication_n be_v as_o follow_v we_o make_v know_v and_o declare_v to_o all_o the_o world_n that_o be_v sensible_a of_o our_o weakness_n which_o grow_v daily_o upon_o we_o with_o our_o age_n we_o be_v unable_a any_o long_o to_o bear_v up_o under_o the_o burden_n of_o so_o great_a weight_n as_o the_o government_n of_o this_o state_n be_v wherefore_o we_o voluntary_o and_o of_o our_o own_o accord_n have_v resolve_v upon_o abdicate_v the_o throne_n that_o we_o wight_n spend_v the_o remainder_n of_o our_o decline_a life_n quiet_o and_o in_o private_a and_o in_o prepare_v for_o a_o better_a life_n that_o never_o end_v for_o this_o reason_n have_v call_v a_o full_a senate_n at_o warsaw_n on_o the_o twelve_o of_o june_n in_o this_o paesent_a year_n we_o open_v our_o mind_n to_o our_o senator_n and_o counsellor_n who_o be_v strike_v with_o the_o greatness_n and_o novelty_n of_o the_o affair_n and_o reverence_v the_o law_n of_o their_o country_n and_o refer_v the_o consideration_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n to_o all_o the_o kingdom_n we_o according_o appoint_v a_o general_n diet_n of_o all_o the_o order_n of_o our_o kingdom_n to_o be_v hold_v on_o the_o six_o and_o twenty_o day_n of_o august_n and_o at_o the_o first_o open_v of_o the_o diet_n make_v know_v our_o intention_n of_o abdicate_v the_o throne_n we_o have_v have_v experience_n of_o the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o our_o loyal_a citizen_n and_o subject_n who_o bear_v a_o grateful_a memory_n of_o the_o desert_n and_o good_a action_n of_o our_o most_o serene_a predecessor_n and_o pay_v a_o deference_n to_o the_o great_a care_n trouble_n and_o danger_n i_o undergo_v for_o twenty_o year_n together_o in_o various_a turn_v of_o fortune_n in_o so_o many_o camp_n and_o in_o so_o many_o diet_n endeavour_v by_o importunate_a entreaty_n and_o earnest_a request_n to_o keep_v we_o upon_o the_o throne_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o we_o constant_o persist_v in_o our_o resolution_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o we_o shall_v make_v our_o abdication_n or_o resignation_n of_o the_o polish_v crown_n in_o a_o real_a and_o solemn_a manner_n upon_o mature_a and_o serious_a deliberation_n and_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o order_n of_o the_o state_n we_o be_v in_o full_a sowndness_n of_o body_n and_o mind_n do_v free_o and_o without_o constraint_n abdicate_v from_o this_o time_n and_o for_o ever_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o the_o principality_n thereunto_o annex_v we_o restore_v in_o full_a form_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o the_o marshal_n and_o of_o the_o state_n our_o regal_a dignity_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o of_o ancient_n right_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n we_o absolve_v all_o the_o state_n and_o order_n and_o every_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n from_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n take_v to_o we_o and_o we_o release_v they_o from_o the_o obligation_n of_o homage_n and_o fealty_n the_o duke_n of_o prussia_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v we_o only_o we_o declare_v free_a from_o all_o obligation_n due_a to_o we_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o contract_n make_v for_o the_o dukedom_n of_o prussia_n and_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o right_n of_o fealty_n for_o bitovia_n and_o lawenburgh_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o kureland_n we_o likewise_o declare_v free_v from_o homage_n and_o all_o other_o obligation_n whatsoever_o the_o authentic_a and_o original_a grant_n of_o our_o election_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o we_o restore_v cancel_v and_o annul_v without_o pretend_v to_o claim_v any_o or_o the_o least_o right_o of_o sovereignty_n to_o ourselves_o or_o any_o of_o our_o heir_n within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithuania_n and_o the_o principality_n thereunto_o annex_v by_o which_o abdication_n or_o resignation_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n right_o and_o lawful_o make_v and_o ratify_v by_o these_o present_n it_o shall_v be_v and_o be_v within_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o christ_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n primate_n of_o poland_n and_o chief_a minister_n of_o state_n to_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a and_o to_o perform_v all_o that_o of_o right_n and_o custom_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v empower_v to_o proceed_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o poland_n and_o we_o further_o promise_v that_o we_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n hinder_v it_o from_o be_v a_o very_a free_a election_n that_o we_o will_v not_o promote_v the_o interest_n of_o any_o candidate_n and_o that_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n we_o will_v remove_v and_o abide_v at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o place_n of_o election_n in_o testimony_n and_o confirmation_n thereof_o we_o have_v command_v these_o our_o letter_n patent_n to_o be_v publish_v under_o the_o royal_a seal_n date_v at_o warsaw_n at_o the_o general_n diet_n of_o the_o kingdom_n sept._n 16._o this_o solemn_a abdication_n make_v by_o king_n casimire_n be_v afterward_o publish_a by_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n the_o substance_n of_o which_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o insert_v here_o that_o so_o the_o abdication_n and_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n after_o the_o departure_n of_o king_n james_n ii_o publish_a by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n may_v not_o seem_v a_o novelty_n and_o it_o be_v as_o follow_v we_o the_o senate_n and_o officer_n both_o of_o church_n and_o state_n within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o the_o marshal_n of_o both_o country_n be_v assemble_v in_o the_o diet_n do_v manifest_a and_o declare_v that_o after_o the_o example_n of_o our_o predecessor_n
who_o esteem_v nothing_o more_o decent_a nothing_o more_o worthy_a to_o be_v transmit_v to_o posterity_n than_o the_o respect_n they_o pay_v their_o prince_n and_o have_v hand_v down_o to_o we_o the_o esteem_n they_o have_v for_o they_o we_o have_v always_o use_v our_o endeavour_n to_o maintain_v and_o increase_v the_o good_a will_n and_o reputation_n of_o our_o prince_n to_o the_o vigorous_a maintenance_n whereof_o not_o only_o our_o honourable_a emulation_n of_o our_o ancestor_n virtue_n not_o only_o the_o obligation_n and_o gratitude_n we_o owe_v to_o the_o royal_a race_n of_o jagello_n which_o for_o almost_o three_o hundred_o year_n together_o have_v govern_v we_o so_o auspicious_o do_v excite_v we_o but_o the_o extraordinary_a endowment_n of_o his_o present_a majesty_n who_o have_v govern_v our_o state_n with_o the_o same_o fortune_n and_o reputation_n as_o his_o great_a predecessor_n for_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n attract_v both_o our_o veneration_n and_o admiration_n he_o be_v always_o ready_a to_o undertake_v noble_a design_n to_o endure_v the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o the_o cold_a of_o winter_n to_o be_v vigilant_a in_o campain_n to_o suffer_v hunger_n and_o thirst_n to_o lie_v on_o the_o cold_a ground_n to_o spend_v sleepless_a night_n and_o as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v necessity_n or_o occasion_n hazard_v his_o own_o life_n for_o his_o subject_n safety_n he_o be_v famous_a in_o the_o art_n both_o of_o peace_n and_o war_n and_o gain_v a_o especial_a esteem_n for_o his_o clemency_n whereupon_o we_o interpose_v the_o weighty_a authority_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a senate_n the_o humble_a request_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o both_o country_n the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o whole_a republic_n and_o the_o desire_n of_o several_a prince_n last_o we_o object_v to_o he_o the_o prohibition_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o tie_v of_o his_o oath_n but_o when_o all_o these_o motive_n can_v not_o prevail_v nor_o alter_v the_o unshaken_a mind_n of_o his_o sacred_a majesty_n from_o his_o thought_n of_o eternity_n we_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o yield_v to_o the_o weight_n of_o our_o fate_n and_o no_o long_o to_o attempt_v to_o remove_v his_o majesty_n from_o his-resolution_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o his_o sacred_a majesty_n have_v issue_v forth_o his_o letter_n patent_n which_o we_o have_v design_v for_o a_o pledge_n of_o our_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a fidelity_n and_o have_v add_v another_o more_o particular_a one_o whereby_o he_o release_v we_o and_o all_o his_o subject_n from_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o from_o all_o other_o obligation_n we_o likewise_o on_o our_o part_n by_o these_o our_o letter_n patent_n do_v release_v his_o majesty_n from_o the_o oath_n make_v by_o his_o deputy_n as_o well_o before_o his_o coronation_n in_o the_o church_n of_o warsaw_n as_o afterward_o in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o cracow_n and_o we_o disannul_v it_o to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n provide_v that_o our_o right_n and_o 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reactitorian_n and_o a_o world_n of_o such_o like_a heresy_n and_o last_o of_o the_o socinian_o who_o by_o the_o countenance_n of_o some_o nobleman_n and_o the_o toleration_n once_o allow_v have_v swarm_v in_o poland_n the_o roman_a religion_n chief_o prevail_v in_o that_o country_n the_o king_n indeed_o promise_v upon_o oath_n before_o his_o coronation_n to_o protect_v the_o lutheran_n and_o calvinist_n the_o greek_n likewise_o and_o the_o jew_n have_v the_o same_o toleration_n there_o which_o they_o have_v in_o many_o other_o country_n and_o as_o the_o case_n now_o stand_v that_o old_a proverb_n which_o say_v whoever_o have_v lose_v his_o religion_n may_v find_v it_o in_o poland_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o be_v no_o long_o true_a of_o that_o kingdom_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o a_o clear_a account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o socinian_o how_o they_o creep_v in_o and_o how_o they_o be_v at_o last_o throw_v out_o can_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o other_o author_n i_o shall_v now_o give_v it_o you_o as_o brief_o and_o orderly_o as_o i_o can_v this_o pernicious_a heresy_n of_o socinianism_n which_o by_o christian_n ought_v to_o be_v detest_v above_o all_o other_o which_o do_v not_o strike_v at_o any_o particular_a article_n but_o shake_v and_o almost_o overthrow_v the_o whole_a fabric_n of_o our_o religion_n come_v out_o of_o italy_n 1546._o in_o the_o year_n 1546._o and_o begin_v at_o first_o in_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n at_o vincenza_n by_o forty_o men._n two_o of_o they_o julius_n trevisanus_n and_o franciscus_n ruigo_n be_v take_v and_o strangle_v at_o venice_n the_o rest_n to_o avoid_v the_o same_o fate_n leave_v italy_n and_o dwell_v in_o turkey_n poland_n transilvania_n suitzerland_n and_o in_o other_o place_n where_o a_o toleration_n of_o religion_n be_v allow_v the_o first_o who_o spread_v the_o error_n of_o this_o heresy_n in_o poland_n be_v a_o certain_a dutchman_n name_v spicillus_n alius_fw-la fricius_n a_o disciple_n of_o erasmus_n and_o well_o skilled_a in_o hebrew_a greek_a and_o latin_a under_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n sigismond_n augustus_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1546._o he_o come_v to_o cracow_n where_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n he_o be_v treat_v very_o noble_o as_o a_o stranger_n by_o the_o mayor_n of_o the_o city_n at_o this_o treat_n there_o be_v several_a nobleman_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n andreas_n modrevius_n the_o king_n secretary_n this_o man_n upon_o start_v several_a doubt_n concern_v the_o ever_o bless_a trinity_n be_v the_o first_o that_o follow_v the_o dutchman_n in_o his_o error_n who_o by_o the_o secretary_n mean_v induce_v the_o king_n himself_o to_o be_v his_o disciple_n the_o king_n be_v thus_o wrought_v upon_o by_o his_o secretary_n the_o dutchman_n be_v soon_o follow_v by_o laelius_n socinus_n who_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o italy_n abscond_v at_o zurich_n where_o when_o he_o once_o hear_v how_o successful_o the_o dutchman_n have_v spread_v his_o heresy_n in_o poland_n he_o immediate_o take_v along_o with_o he_o alicatus_n parata_fw-la and_o ochinus_n three_o of_o his_o associate_n and_o come_v to_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1551._o he_o be_v introduce_v into_o the_o king_n court_n by_o the_o secretary_n where_o he_o infuse_v his_o error_n into_o lismaninus_n queen_n bona_n confessor_n and_o many_o other_o courtier_n many_o nobleman_n and_o senator_n of_o all_o order_n be_v corrupt_v by_o these_o man_n and_z at_o last_o they_o draw_v into_o their_o party_n james_n sieninski_n palatine_n of_o podolia_n and_o lord_n of_o racovia_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a nobility_n he_o turn_v from_o calvinism_n to_o socinianism_n and_o build_v a_o printing-house_n and_o a_o academy_n at_o racovia_n for_o the_o use_v of_o this_o sect._n this_o town_n be_v very_o pleasant_a for_o the_o temperature_n of_o its_o air_n for_o the_o sweetness_n of_o its_o situation_n for_o the_o lake_n fountain_n grove_n walk_n and_o
mead_n about_o it_o quick_o draw_v thither_o faustus_n socinus_n cousin_n german_n to_o lelius_n with_o several_a other_o hereupon_o several_a book_n be_v publish_a and_o spread_v over_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o the_o chief_n not_o only_o of_o catholic_n but_o also_o of_o lutheran_n and_o calvinist_n embrace_v the_o opinion_n of_o socinus_n draw_v every_o day_n great_a number_n to_o their_o party_n whereupon_o the_o republic_n for_o fear_n lest_o the_o spark_n already_o kindle_v shall_v set_v the_o whole_a nation_n in_o flame_n and_o lest_o the_o plague_n which_o have_v infect_v many_o of_o the_o member_n shall_v at_o length_n destroy_v the_o whole_a body_n by_o the_o incitement_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o several_a other_o religious_a order_n oblige_v the_o king_n augustus_n to_o banish_v lismaninus_n the_o queen_n confessor_n out_o of_o the_o court_n and_o induce_v he_o to_o issue_v forth_o the_o follow_a edict_n against_o the_o grow_v heresy_n in_o poland_n the_o edict_n of_o king_n sigismond_n against_o the_o socinian_o whereas_o all_o humane_a thing_n be_v altogether_o vain_a and_o unprofitable_a unless_o govern_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o establish_v by_o the_o integrity_n and_o union_n of_o religion_n therefore_o we_o sigismond_n augustus_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o poland_n do_v publish_v and_o declare_v to_o all_o and_o every_o person_n that_o be_v or_o may_v be_v concern_v that_o we_o be_v inform_v by_o our_o counsellor_n of_o church_n and_o state_n that_o several_a heresy_n be_v every_o where_o hatch_v within_o our_o kingdom_n and_o that_o not_o only_o new_a doctrine_n and_o ceremony_n be_v introduce_v but_o also_o that_o several_a of_o our_o unthinking_a subject_n do_v open_o profess_v and_o instruct_v the_o same_o we_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o our_o predecessor_n who_o chief_a care_n and_o study_n be_v to_o propagate_v and_o protect_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o to_o cut_v off_o all_o occasion_n of_o quarrel_n among_o our_o subject_n and_o of_o disturbance_n in_o the_o state_n which_o always_o attend_v dissension_n in_o religion_n and_o think_v this_o to_o be_v the_o proper_a duty_n of_o christian_a king_n and_o prince_n do_v by_o these_o our_o letter_n patent_n testify_v and_o promise_v that_o we_o out_o of_o respect_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o out_o of_o love_n to_o the_o holy_a church_n will_v profess_v and_o maintain_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n within_o all_o our_o dominion_n the_o truth_n and_o sincerity_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a doctrine_n and_o of_o the_o christian_n catholic_n and_o apostolic_a faith_n as_o it_o be_v profess_v by_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n and_o as_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o profess_v constant_o by_o our_o predecessor_n as_o for_o the_o enemy_n thereof_o as_o well_o pagan_n who_o be_v the_o profess_v enemy_n of_o christianity_n as_o heretic_n who_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o be_v christian_n and_o by_o a_o false_a interpretation_n of_o scripture_n destroy_v christianity_n and_o show_v themselves_o to_o be_v alienate_v from_o the_o faith_n and_o the_o religion_n once_o deliver_v by_o the_o apostle_n and_o hitherto_o profess_v by_o the_o roman_n catholic_n church_n these_o we_o shall_v take_v care_n to_o suppress_v and_o to_o banish_v out_o of_o our_o kingdom_n nor_o will_v we_o ever_o admit_v into_o our_o royal_a council_n and_o senate_n nor_o bestow_v any_o place_n of_o honour_n or_o trust_v on_o any_o who_o be_v taint_v with_o heresy_n provide_v we_o be_v satisfy_v of_o it_o if_o any_o shall_v be_v accuse_v before_o we_o we_o will_v take_v care_n by_o the_o divine_a assistance_n that_o the_o statute_n of_o our_o realm_n shall_v with_o the_o utmost_a diligence_n be_v put_v in_o execution_n against_o they_o that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v for_o ever_o brand_v stigmatise_v and_o banish_v their_o country_n unless_o they_o shall_v desire_v to_o be_v reconcile_v to_o their_o holy_a mother_n the_o church_n the_o ecclesiastic_n together_o with_o their_o law_n immunity_n and_o privilege_n both_o public_a and_o private_a we_o will_v defend_v maintain_v and_o protect_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n to_o all_o our_o officer_n and_o governor_n we_o give_v it_o strict_o in_o charge_n and_o command_v they_o under_o the_o penalty_n of_o our_o severe_a displeasure_n that_o they_o be_v not_o negligent_a or_o remiss_a in_o prosecute_a and_o apprehend_v such_o offender_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o any_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v charge_v before_o we_o with_o be_v false_a to_o his_o trust_n and_o to_o our_o command_n he_o shall_v be_v bring_v to_o condign_a punishment_n for_o the_o due_a performance_n of_o all_o the_o premise_n we_o have_v engage_v our_o word_n to_o the_o reverend_a father_n in_o christ_n nicolas_n ziergowski_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o gnezna_n and_o to_o other_o of_o his_o bishop_n and_o our_o counsellor_n and_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o our_o royal_a trust_n take_v to_o our_o subject_n at_o our_o coronation_n we_o design_v the_o whole_a shall_v be_v faithful_o put_v in_o execution_n in_o testimony_n whereof_o we_o have_v issue_v forth_o these_o our_o letter_n patent_n date_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1550._o and_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n this_o edict_n or_o rather_o manifesto_n of_o king_n augustus_n be_v interpret_v by_o the_o nobility_n to_o be_v direct_o opposite_a to_o their_o interest_n whereupon_o several_a of_o the_o chief_a among_o they_o begin_v to_o stir_v up_o commotion_n and_o rise_v in_o arms._n and_o the_o hatred_n of_o the_o romish_a ecclesiastic_n against_o the_o socinian_o increase_v every_o day_n more_o and_o more_o hence_o spring_v many_o murder_n constant_a feud_n between_o the_o noble_n and_o abundance_n of_o bloodshed_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n the_o state_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o foreign_a war_n can_v not_o then_o prevent_v these_o great_a disorder_n but_o partly_o fear_v a_o civil_a war_n and_o partly_o trust_v to_o the_o vigilance_n and_o pastoral_n care_n of_o the_o ecclesiastic_n for_o the_o present_a forbear_v put_v in_o execution_n the_o severe_a law_n of_o jagello_n against_o heretic_n but_o at_o last_o they_o work_v their_o own_o ruin_n for_o be_v by_o degree_n divide_v into_o the_o faction_n of_o servetus_n and_o samosatanus_fw-la they_o too_o far_o trespass_v on_o that_o indulgence_n the_o state_n allow_v they_o several_a statue_n of_o our_o saviour_n upon_o the_o cross_n be_v break_v by_o the_o student_n of_o racovia_n and_o several_a blasphemy_n be_v utter_v in_o their_o book_n against_o christ_n and_o for_o these_o thing_n be_v severe_o check_v by_o the_o decree_n and_o edict_n of_o john_n casimire_n and_o king_n john_n iii_o all_o those_o who_o will_v not_o embrace_v the_o roman_a faith_n be_v to_o depart_v the_o kingdom_n within_o two_o or_o three_o year_n since_o those_o decree_n of_o the_o king_n and_o republic_n against_o the_o socinian_o be_v still_o in_o force_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o insert_v they_o here_o and_o they_o be_v as_o follow_v john_n casimire_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n etc._n etc._n though_o the_o be_v and_o propogation_n of_o the_o arian_n or_o as_o some_o call_v it_o the_o socinian_n heresy_n in_o our_o dominion_n have_v be_v always_o prohibit_v by_o we_o yet_o because_o the_o aforesaid_a sect_n which_o rob_v the_o son_n of_o god_n of_o his_o praeeternity_n have_v by_o a_o strange_a misfortune_n fatal_a to_o the_o state_n begin_v to_o spread_v itself_o for_o a_o long_a time_n in_o our_o dominion_n as_o well_o of_o poland_n as_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n we_o therefore_o reassume_v and_o leave_v in_o its_o full_a force_n the_o statute_n of_o jagello_n our_o predecessor_n enact_v against_o they_o do_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o order_n enact_v concern_v heretic_n that_o if_o any_o such_o shall_v dare_v to_o confess_v propagate_v or_o preach_v the_o say_a arian_n heresy_n or_o to_o protect_v and_o countenance_v it_o or_o its_o promoter_n within_o our_o dominion_n of_o poland_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o the_o province_n thereunto_o annex_v and_o shall_v be_v thereof_o lawful_o convict_v every_o such_o person_n shall_v forthwith_o according_a to_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a statute_n be_v behead_v by_o our_o captain_n and_o their_o officer_n upon_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o commission_n for_o the_o neglect_n but_o whereas_o we_o be_v willing_a to_o extend_v our_o clemency_n as_o far_o as_o can_v be_v if_o any_o one_o refuse_v to_o renounce_v his_o heresy_n we_o do_v hereby_o grant_v he_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n for_o the_o sell_v off_o his_o good_n his_o estate_n and_o get_v in_o his_o debt_n in_o which_o time_n no_o assembly_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a sect_n shall_v be_v hold_v nor_o shall_v they_o undertake_v any_o public_a
office_n under_o the_o penalty_n aforementioned_a this_o space_n of_o three_o year_n be_v afterward_o contract_v to_o two_o year_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o follow_a edict_n whereas_o in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o year_n last_o pass_v 1668._o the_o arian_n or_o socinian_n sect_n be_v banish_v out_o of_o our_o dominion_n by_o we_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n and_o three_o year_n time_n be_v allow_v they_o to_o sell_v off_o their_o good_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o present_a diet_n we_o grant_v they_o two_o year_n for_o sell_v their_o good_n to_o commence_v from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o last_o diet_n and_o to_o end_v precise_o on_o the_o twelve_o of_o july_n in_o the_o year_n next_o ensue_v 1669_o which_o shall_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o those_o who_o shall_v hereafter_o return_v into_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n church_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o several_a abscond_v in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o many_o other_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o noble_n after_o the_o foreign_a war_n in_o which_o poland_n be_v engage_v be_v over_o they_o be_v all_o banish_a the_o kingdom_n by_o a_o severe_a edict_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v we_o return_v due_a thanks_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o host_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o last_o year_n who_o have_v give_v we_o so_o many_o signal_n victory_n over_o our_o enemy_n and_o desire_v by_o this_o our_o gratitude_n to_o continue_v the_o divine_a favour_n towards_o we_o when_o we_o shall_v have_v banish_v out_o of_o our_o dominion_n those_o who_o oppose_v the_o praeeternity_n of_o his_o son_n according_a to_o our_o edict_n make_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n in_o the_o year_n 1668_o and_o 1669_o against_o the_o arian_n or_o socinian_n sect_n we_o for_o the_o prevent_v the_o abscond_n of_o any_o of_o the_o say_a sect_n within_o our_o territory_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n and_o that_o the_o foresay_a law_n against_o they_o may_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n do_v 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peace_n more_o cruel_a than_o any_o war_n at_o a_o time_n when_o other_o be_v at_o quiet_a and_o by_o our_o constant_a struggle_v with_o a_o adverse_a fortune_n it_o seem_v as_o if_o the_o former_a war_n have_v inspire_v a_o spirit_n of_o persecution_n into_o the_o peace_n which_o follow_v although_o in_o the_o very_a heat_n of_o the_o war_n our_o enemy_n be_v so_o industrious_a as_o to_o find_v out_o mean_v whereby_o the_o heavy_a weight_n of_o the_o war_n may_v fall_v on_o our_o head_n for_o upon_o the_o abdication_n of_o king_n casimire_n while_o the_o swede_n be_v master_n of_o cracow_n the_o deputy_n from_o all_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n flock_v thither_o to_o adjust_a matter_n with_o the_o enemy_n and_o their_o army_n with_o their_o general_n separated_z and_o almost_o all_o order_n buy_v their_o peace_n by_o surrender_v but_o that_o we_o may_v not_o share_v the_o benefit_n of_o that_o short_a peace_n our_o inveterate_a enemy_n fall_v upon_o we_o and_o plunder_v we_o whilst_o we_o dream_v of_o no_o such_o danger_n and_o be_v every_o one_o of_o we_o quiet_a in_o our_o own_o habitation_n this_o sudden_a evil_n be_v the_o death_n of_o some_o of_o our_o party_n and_o of_o some_o of_o my_o own_o relation_n but_o several_a who_o with_o much_o ado_n escape_v from_o these_o pillager_n flee_v to_o cracow_n which_o be_v then_o govern_v by_o a_o swedish_n garrison_n though_o they_o be_v force_v upon_o this_o flight_n through_o fear_n and_o have_v long_o before_o this_o voluntary_o throw_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o swede_n yet_o this_o be_v afterward_o most_o unjust_o lay_v to_o their_o charge_n as_o a_o crime_n and_o no_o course_n of_o law_n be_v use_v in_o the_o oppress_v of_o our_o friend_n the_o romish_a mass-priest_n who_o
world_n in_o the_o ducal_z prussia_n near_o coningsberg_n they_o have_v at_o present_a a_o church_n and_o public_a shcool_n be_v protect_v by_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o prussian_n who_o every_o year_n in_o their_o diet_n exclaim_v against_o this_o injustice_n of_o the_o elector_n but_o at_o racovia_n the_o seat_n and_o sepulchre_n of_o faustus_n socinus_n after_o many_o change_n the_o print_v house_n and_o academy_n be_v first_o demolish_v come_v at_o last_o by_o right_n of_o inheritance_n to_o the_o grand_a daughter_n of_o james_n sieninski_n palatine_n of_o podolia_n and_o governor_n of_o racovia_n who_o embrace_v the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o be_v still_o live_v and_o this_o be_v the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o socinian_o of_o which_o none_o else_o can_v give_v a_o full_a or_o large_a account_n a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la in_o poland_n and_o the_o election_n of_o the_o present_a king_n have_v give_v the_o reader_n page_n 221._o a_o short_a epitome_n of_o the_o most_o glorious_a action_n of_o john_n sobieski_n late_a king_n of_o poland_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o complete_a his_o character_n to_o take_v notice_n here_o of_o his_o conduct_n during_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o life_n which_o have_v so_o little_o answer_v the_o glorious_a beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n that_o prince_n enter_v into_o a_o common_a league_n with_o the_o emperor_n the_o republic_n of_o venice_n and_o the_o pope_n against_o the_o common_a enemy_n of_o christendom_n and_o notwithstanding_o the_o emperor_n and_o venetian_n carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o so_o much_o vigour_n and_o success_n as_o to_o give_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o the_o pole_n to_o regain_v caminiek_n and_o the_o province_n the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n have_v get_v from_o they_o yet_o to_o the_o great_a amazement_n of_o the_o world_n the_o polish_v army_n do_v nothing_o at_o all_o and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o protect_v their_o country_n against_o the_o excursion_n of_o their_o enemy_n who_o commit_v unspeakable_a disorder_n and_o carry_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o people_n into_o slavery_n this_o occasion_v great_a murmur_n among_o the_o pole_n against_o their_o king_n and_o be_v such_o a_o blot_n as_o tranish_v the_o lustre_n of_o his_o former_a action_n several_n have_v inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o so_o odd_a a_o conduct_n for_o that_o prince_n want_v neither_o courage_n or_o ability_n every_o body_n think_v that_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o there_o have_v be_v many_o conjecture_n on_o this_o subject_a but_o the_o only_a who_o appear_v to_o i_o well_o ground_v be_v that_o prince_n covetousness_n and_o after_o a_o impartial_a examination_n this_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o only_a remora_n who_o stop_v the_o vigorous_a resolution_n that_o be_v yearly_o take_v old_a man_n general_o speak_v be_v covetous_a the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v plain_a enough_o but_o beside_o this_o almost_o natural_a bias_n the_o little_a esteem_n the_o pole_n have_v for_o prince_n james_n be_v a_o great_a motive_n to_o engage_v his_o father_n to_o heap_v up_o money_n though_o to_o the_o visible_a detriment_n of_o the_o republic_n that_o prince_n see_v as_o i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o pole_n express_v little_a esteem_n for_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o consequent_o have_v no_o prospect_n that_o he_o shall_v succeed_v he_o mere_o upon_o account_n of_o his_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o royal_a family_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n know_v by_o experience_n that_o money_n be_v the_o best_a argument_n to_o recommend_v a_o prince_n to_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o pole_n resolve_v to_o hoard_n up_o money_n and_o therefore_o leave_v his_o army_n unpaid_a the_o magazine_n unprovided_a and_o live_v very_o parsimonious_a in_o his_o house_n the_o same_o reason_n oblige_v he_o to_o set_v a_o tax_n upon_o several_a thing_n that_o be_v former_o give_v gratis_o at_o his_o court_n as_o pass_n petition_n and_o the_o like_a france_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v sensible_a that_o the_o turk_n can_v hardly_o make_v head_n against_o so_o many_o enemy_n if_o all_o of_o they_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o vigour_n make_v a_o good_a use_n of_o the_o covetousness_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o by_o mean_n of_o a_o yearly_o pension_n to_o that_o hungry_a prince_n disappoint_v all_o the_o design_n of_o the_o polish_v nobility_n who_o can_v hardly_o bear_v without_o murmur_n that_o caminick_n shall_v continue_v so_o long_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o infidel_n a_o violent_a and_o very_a extraordinary_a distemper_n king_n john_n labour_v under_o give_v he_o a_o sufficient_a warn_v of_o his_o death_n draw_v nigh_o he_o try_v several_a way_n to_o have_v his_o son_n choose_v his_o successor_n in_o his_o life-time_n but_o all_o in_o vain_a for_o that_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o poland_n it_o have_v be_v rare_o practise_v and_o the_o king_n be_v not_o belove_v enough_o to_o oblige_v the_o pole_n to_o act_n against_o their_o own_o law_n thus_o stand_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n when_o king_n john_n die_v which_o happen_v the_o 17_o of_o june_n at_o nine_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n 1696._o the_o news_n of_o the_o king_n death_n be_v immediate_o carry_v by_o a_o express_a to_o dardinal_n radziowsky_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o regent_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la who_o make_v his_o entry_n into_o warsaw_n on_o the_o 24_o of_o june_n that_o be_v seven_o day_n after_o the_o king_n death_n in_o a_o most_o solemn_a and_o magnificent_a manner_n all_o the_o senator_n and_o nobility_n then_o in_o town_n ride_v forth_o above_o a_o league_n from_o the_o city_n to_o meet_v he_o with_o colour_n fly_v and_o kettle_n drum_v beat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o incredible_a crowd_n of_o people_n his_o eminence_n go_v direct_o to_o the_o castle_n and_o ascend_v into_o the_o room_n where_o the_o king_n body_n lie_v expose_v in_o his_o royal_a robe_n and_o have_v say_v a_o short_a prayer_n go_v to_o the_o queen_n apartment_n to_o condole_v her_o majesty_n he_o do_v the_o like_a to_o prince_n james_n and_o his_o brother_n and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n call_v a_o general_n diet_n to_o meet_v on_o the_o 29_o of_o august_n follow_v to_o choose_v a_o successor_n as_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n since_o that_o time_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v his_o character_n in_o this_o place_n he_o be_v of_o a_o very_a good_a family_n in_o poland_n and_o son_n to_o the_o famous_a radziousky_a who_o call_v in_o the_o swede_n under_o charles_n gustavus_n he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a part_n but_o somewhat_o obstinate_a pope_n innocent_a xi_o make_v he_o a_o cardinal_n without_o any_o other_o recommendation_n but_o his_o own_o merit_n the_o than_o king_n of_o poland_n though_o his_o relation_n nor_o the_o french_a king_n be_v please_v with_o his_o promotion_n though_o time_n have_v discover_v that_o his_o eminence_n be_v absolute_o in_o the_o interest_n of_o france_n he_o go_v to_o rome_n after_o the_o doath_z of_o innocent_a xi_o and_o be_v present_a at_o the_o choose_n of_o a_o new_a pope_n which_o fall_v on_o cardinal_n ottoboni_n he_o live_v like_o a_o prince_n and_o his_o magnificence_n and_o liberality_n acquire_v he_o a_o great_a many_o friend_n upon_o the_o 29_o of_o august_n the_o diet_n assemble_v with_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n and_o after_o the_o mass_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n have_v be_v celebrate_v by_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n they_o begin_v to_o talk_v of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o marshal_n or_o speaker_n of_o their_o assembly_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o many_o dispute_n the_o lesser_a poland_n pretend_v that_o it_o be_v her_o turn_n to_o have_v a_o mareshal_n choose_v out_o of_o her_o body_n and_o great_a poland_n put_v in_o the_o same_o claim_n but_o be_v inclinable_a to_o wave_v it_o the_o lithuanian_n oppose_v it_o pretend_v that_o the_o great_a poland_n be_v to_o take_v their_o turn_n now_o that_o lithuania_n may_v have_v they_o in_o the_o next_o diet_n and_o their_o dispute_n grow_v so_o high_a that_o people_n be_v afraid_a the_o diet_n will_v break_v up_o without_o come_v to_o any_o conclusion_n the_o bishop_n of_o posen_n think_v of_o a_o new_a way_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n and_o come_v to_o the_o assembly_n in_o procession_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o clergy_n pretend_v to_o allay_v their_o heat_n by_o the_o charm_n of_o his_o benediction_n but_o this_o provoke_v the_o deputy_n who_o tell_v he_o in_o great_a scorn_n they_o be_v not_o possess_v and_o therefore_o have_v no_o need_n of_o his_o exorcism_n at_o last_o the_o
to_o this_o particular_a point_n that_o every_o native_a of_o the_o country_n shall_v be_v exclude_v from_o the_o crown_n therefore_o the_o state_n engage_v themselves_o by_o this_o association_n to_o look_v upon_o every_o native_a of_o this_o country_n who_o shall_v aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a enemy_n and_o likewise_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v acknowledge_v he_o for_o their_o king_n 5._o if_o any_o foreign_a potentate_n or_o grandee_n of_o poland_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o advance_v any_o one_o to_o the_o throne_n by_o foul_a or_o unlawful_a mean_n to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o their_o country_n the_o state_n shall_v unite_v themselves_o from_o this_o time_n forward_o against_o all_o such_o potentate_n and_o promise_v joint_o to_o venture_v their_o life_n and_o fortune_n in_o defence_n of_o their_o liberty_n 6._o we_o will_v preserve_v a_o inviolable_a peace_n with_o those_o who_o profess_v a_o religion_n different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o every_o one_o shall_v be_v maintain_v in_o their_o right_n and_o privilege_n except_o the_o quaker_n and_o mennonites_n 7._o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n be_v fix_v from_o the_o 15_o of_o may_n to_o the_o 26_o of_o june_n inclusive_o 8._o the_o pretension_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n shall_v be_v remit_v to_o the_o diet_n for_o the_o election_n 9_o the_o usual_a place_n appoint_v for_o the_o election_n between_o warsaw_n and_o woba_n shall_v be_v fortify_v according_a to_o custom_n there_o shall_v be_v erect_v a_o building_n for_o the_o deputy_n and_o all_o requisite_a preparation_n take_v for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o person_n either_o go_v in_o or_o come_v out_o 10._o whereas_o the_o army_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n for_o want_v of_o pay_n and_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o their_o association_n shall_v be_v break_v we_o not_o only_o promise_v they_o a_o speedy_a payment_n but_o authorize_v the_o particular_a diet_n to_o find_v out_o necessary_a fund_n for_o that_o purpose_n 11._o because_o the_o new_a regulation_n draw_v up_o for_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o artillery_n be_v not_o sufficient_a the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n shall_v supply_v what_o be_v want_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o establishment_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1659._o 12._o the_o cardinal_n shall_v during_o his_o regency_n choose_v for_o his_o counsellor_n some_o of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n last_o deputy_n shall_v be_v choose_v to_o appoint_v good_a winter_n quarter_n to_o such_o of_o the_o soldier_n as_o shall_v give_v obedience_n to_o the_o crown_n general_n and_o to_o pay_v they_o what_o be_v their_o due_a to_o reckon_v with_o the_o army_n and_o regulate_v all_o affair_n which_o concern_v the_o salt-mine_n deputy_n be_v immediate_o send_v to_o the_o army_n to_o endeavour_v to_o break_v the_o union_n and_o oblige_v they_o to_o return_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o count_n jablonowsky_n mareshal_n of_o the_o crown_n they_o offer_v to_o pay_v their_o arrear_n provide_v they_o will_v disunite_v themselves_o but_o they_o return_v answer_n that_o though_o they_o shall_v receive_v full_a satisfaction_n upon_o their_o demand_n they_o will_v not_o break_v off_o their_o confederacy_n before_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n whereupon_o the_o treaty_n break_v off_o and_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o republic_n retire_v to_o leopold_n where_o they_o make_v a_o solemn_a protestation_n against_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o army_n which_o be_v send_v to_o the_o primate_n be_v print_v and_o disperse_v into_o all_o the_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o let_v they_o see_v they_o have_v leave_v no_o stone_n unturned_a to_o bring_v the_o rebel_n to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o republic_n the_o cardinal_n hold_v a_o great_a council_n upon_o this_o subject_a where_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o no_o quarter_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o any_o troop_n but_o those_o who_o remain_v faithful_a under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o crown_n general_n and_o then_o if_o the_o confederated_a troop_n offer_v to_o take_v up_o their_o quarter_n near_o leopold_n or_o elsewhere_o they_o shall_v be_v drive_v out_o by_o force_n this_o resolution_n do_v not_o discourage_v the_o confederated_a army_n they_o give_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o their_o new_a general_n baronowsky_n who_o cause_v a_o new_a standard_n to_o be_v make_v like_o that_o of_o the_o crown_n general_n have_v paint_v upon_o it_o two_o griffin_n hold_v two_o scimitter_n in_o their_o claw_n with_o these_o word_n pro_fw-la patria_fw-la under_o one_o of_o they_o and_o pro_fw-la exercitu_fw-la under_o the_o other_o the_o tartar_n be_v get_v together_o to_o the_o number_n of_o 30000_o man_n introduce_v a_o great_a convoy_n of_o provision_n into_o caminieck_n and_o have_v notice_n of_o the_o confusion_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n make_v a_o invasion_n into_o volhinia_n carry_v away_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n into_o slavery_n but_o the_o confederate_a troop_n have_v pursue_v they_o charge_v they_o with_o so_o much_o vigour_n that_o they_o rout_v they_o and_o retake_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o booty_n and_o of_o the_o poor_a people_n design_v for_o captivity_n the_o lithuanian_n have_v confederate_v themselves_o as_o well_o as_o the_o pole_n and_o have_v refuse_v the_o same_o offer_n which_o exasperate_v prince_n sapieha_n their_o general_n to_o such_o a_o degree_n that_o he_o undertake_v to_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o duty_n by_o force_n but_o the_o confederate_n defend_v themselves_o with_o so_o much_o bravery_n that_o prince_n sapieha_n be_v force_v to_o return_v with_o considerable_a loss_n this_o disgrace_n put_v he_o upon_o negociation_n and_o have_v gain_v mounseur_fw-fr crispin_n vayvode_n of_o witepsc_n one_o of_o the_o chief_n of_o the_o army_n the_o rest_n follow_v his_o example_n and_o the_o lithuanian_a army_n return_v to_o their_o duty_n upon_o the_o follow_a condition_n 1._o that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o perpetual_a amnesty_n for_o all_o that_o have_v be_v do_v to_o that_o very_a instant_n 2._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v forthwith_o pay_v they_o the_o one_o half_a of_o their_o arrear_n due_a from_o the_o republic_n out_o of_o his_o own_o revenue_n 3._o that_o the_o general_n shall_v promise_n upon_o his_o honour_n not_o to_o molest_v any_o one_o of_o the_o fraternity_n from_o the_o high_a officer_n to_o the_o mean_a soldier_n 4._o that_o on_o their_o side_n they_o shall_v engage_v by_o a_o authentic_a write_n immediate_o to_o quit_v the_o confederacy_n into_o which_o they_o be_v enter_v 5._o and_o to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o grand_a marshal_n and_o obey_v his_o order_n 6._o and_o last_o that_o for_o the_o future_a they_o shall_v never_o enter_v into_o any_o other_o confederacy_n this_o treaty_n be_v execute_v on_o the_o 27_o of_o november_n and_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n make_v their_o submission_n to_o prince_n sapieha_n this_o reunion_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n weaken_v very_a much_o the_o confederated_a troop_n and_o dispose_v they_o to_o hearken_v to_o some_o new_a term_n that_o be_v offer_v they_o sometime_o after_o and_o to_o return_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o their_o former_a general_n as_o it_o will_v be_v hereafter_o mention_v all_o the_o world_n be_v surprise_v at_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o few_o will_v have_v think_v that_o the_o miserable_a condition_n of_o their_o affair_n absolute_o require_v a_o king_n a_o private_a interest_n will_v have_v prevail_v so_o far_o upon_o they_o as_o to_o oblige_v they_o to_o defer_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n to_o sobiesky_n till_o may_n next_o the_o pole_n may_v say_v what_o they_o please_v to_o justify_v this_o resolution_n all_o their_o reason_n be_v but_o a_o thin_a varnish_n over_o a_o private_a sordid_a interest_n which_o rule_v they_o for_o the_o true_a ground_n of_o this_o delay_n be_v only_o to_o give_v time_n to_o many_o prince_n to_o put_v in_o for_o their_o crown_n and_o make_v a_o interest_n with_o they_o to_o obtain_v it_o which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o squandr_v away_o among_o they_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n this_o consideration_n move_v sometime_o ago_o a_o grave_a senator_n to_o propose_v in_o the_o diet_n to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o cardinal_n who_o choose_v always_o a_o old_a pope_n and_o to_o set_v forth_o in_o a_o very_a eloquent_a speech_n the_o advantage_n that_o the_o nobility_n will_v receive_v from_o frequent_a election_n but_o he_o be_v answer_v that_o he_o be_v mistake_v in_o his_o politic_n for_o no_o old_a man_n will_v spend_v such_o sum_n of_o money_n he_o have_v speak_v of_o and_o therefore_o his_o project_n be_v impracticable_a the_o inconvenience_n of_o election_n and_o interregnum_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o be_v likely_a the_o pole_n will_v have_v long_o ago_o make_v the_o crown_n hereditary_n in_o one_o family_n under_o a_o very_a limited_a power_n be_v it_o not_o
put_v the_o standard_n which_o he_o have_v illegal_o set_v put_v their_o article_n of_o confederacy_n be_v tear_v to_o piece_n which_o be_v do_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la be_v sing_v and_o the_o day_n conclude_v with_o a_o noble_a feast_n at_o the_o crown_n general_n be_v palace_n where_o baronowsky_n and_o other_o officer_n be_v noble_o entertain_v though_o the_o emperor_n have_v hitherto_o appear_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o prince_n james_n the_o queen_n of_o poland_n think_v to_o write_v in_o his_o behalf_n both_o to_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n and_o to_o the_o empress_n and_o much_o about_o that_o time_n a_o letter_n pretend_v to_o have_v be_v write_v by_o the_o abbot_n of_o polignac_n to_o mounseur_fw-fr chateauneuf_fw-fr ambassador_n of_o france_n to_o constantinople_n be_v dispatch_v through_o poland_n and_o do_v the_o french_a a_o great_a prejudice_n this_o letter_n be_v write_v in_o the_o year_n 1695_o and_o intercept_v by_o a_o party_n of_o german_n so_o that_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o emperor_n who_o think_v fit_a to_o communicate_v it_o to_o the_o senate_n the_o abbot_n give_v a_o account_n in_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o ill_a condition_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n tell_v monsieur_n chateauneuf_n that_o the_o turk_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o be_v afraid_a of_o they_o and_o quit_v their_o enterprise_n against_o hungary_n to_o oppose_v a_o people_n who_o say_v he_o can_v do_v they_o no_o harm_n because_o of_o their_o division_n and_o it_o contain_v some_o odd_a reflection_n on_o the_o king_n and_o the_o crown-general_n as_o if_o they_o have_v know_v and_o be_v glad_a that_o he_o shall_v serve_v the_o turk_n as_o spy_n this_o letter_n do_v so_o high_o incense_v the_o pole_n that_o it_o be_v very_o much_o insist_v that_o the_o abbot_n of_o polignac_n may_v be_v compel_v to_o declare_v whether_o he_o have_v do_v it_o by_o his_o master_n order_n or_o of_o his_o own_o head_n and_o that_o if_o he_o do_v it_o by_o order_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n he_o may_v be_v expel_v the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o minister_n of_o a_o prince_n enemy_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o that_o if_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o he_o have_v commit_v that_o villainous_a fact_n without_o any_o order_n that_o such_o a_o punishment_n may_v be_v inflict_v upon_o he_o as_o the_o law_n ordain_v for_o the_o punishment_n of_o traitor_n the_o french_a ambassador_n deny_v the_o fact_n and_o prepare_v a_o write_v to_o disow_v the_o letter_n and_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v forge_v by_o the_o enemy_n of_o france_n but_o as_o his_o party_n grow_v so_o strong_a as_o to_o make_v he_o fear_v nothing_o as_o to_o the_o consequence_n of_o the_o impression_n that_o letter_n may_v have_v wrought_v upon_o the_o pole_n his_o apology_n be_v never_o publish_a which_o silence_n have_v corroborate_v all_o the_o proof_n the_o imperialist_n allege_v to_o convince_v the_o senate_n of_o its_o be_v genuine_a the_o abbot_n of_o chateauneuf's_n brother_n to_o the_o french_a ambassador_n at_o constantinople_n arrive_v about_o that_o time_n at_o warsaw_n be_v send_v by_o the_o french_a king_n to_o assist_v polignac_n in_o his_o negotiation_n and_o temper_v a_o little_a his_o eagerness_n and_o passion_n which_o have_v be_v like_a to_o prejudice_v the_o affair_n of_o his_o master_n this_o new_a minister_n confirm_v the_o promise_n polignac_n have_v make_v to_o the_o pole_n and_o add_v some_o other_o in_o relation_n to_o a_o advantageous_a peace_n with_o the_o turk_n the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n approach_v the_o particular_a diet_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o usual_a form_n and_o break_v up_o with_o more_o tranquillity_n than_o be_v expect_v the_o nobility_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o cracow_n make_v a_o act_n of_o association_n whereby_o they_o promise_v upon_o oath_n mutual_o to_o assist_v each_o other_o and_o not_o to_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v corrupt_v by_o any_o party_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o procure_v and_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a of_o their_o country_n with_o unanimity_n and_o fidelity_n the_o number_n of_o the_o competitor_n be_v not_o much_o increase_v for_o beside_o these_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v no_o other_o have_v yet_o appear_v except_o the_o prince_n of_o newburg_n but_o few_o day_n before_o the_o great_a diet_n begin_v all_o the_o world_n be_v surprise_v to_o see_v prince_n livio_n odeschalchi_n nephew_n to_o innocent_a xi_o put_v in_o for_o the_o crown_n for_o no_o body_n think_v he_o carry_v his_o pretension_n so_o high_a however_o he_o be_v like_a to_o outbid_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v know_v upon_o what_o account_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o set_v at_o large_a in_o this_o place_n the_o proposal_n he_o make_v to_o the_o republic_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v see_v the_o magnanimous_a prince_n odeschalchi_n nephew_n to_o pope_n innocent_a xi_o of_o glorious_a memory_n be_v one_o of_o those_o that_o have_v conceive_v a_o extraordinary_a tenderness_n and_o affection_n for_o the_o most_o serene_a republic_n as_o well_o out_o of_o his_o own_o inclination_n as_o a_o imitatation_n of_o his_o uncle_n he_o make_v bold_a to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o candidate_n at_o the_o new_a election_n of_o a_o king_n not_o that_o he_o have_v any_o design_n to_o cross_v the_o royal_a prince_n of_o poland_n no_o less_o illustrious_a for_o their_o own_o virtue_n than_o for_o the_o heroic_a achievement_n of_o their_o decease_a glorious_a father_n or_o to_o oppose_v those_o other_o pretender_n to_o the_o crown_n whether_o native_n or_o foreigner_n but_o if_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v through_o any_o unfortunate_a event_n that_o none_o of_o those_o competitor_n shall_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o polish_v throne_n and_o that_o the_o magnanimous_a prince_n odeschalchi_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o all_o the_o rest_n he_o will_v willing_o submit_v his_o person_n and_o all_o that_o he_o have_v in_o the_o world_n to_o the_o most_o serene_a republic_n and_o moreover_o see_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v support_v by_o any_o foreign_a prince_n he_o shall_v be_v sole_o behold_v for_o his_o election_n to_o the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o illustrious_a polish_v nation_n and_o will_v bound_v himself_o as_o a_o testimony_n of_o his_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o follow_a condition_n i._o that_o he_o will_v maintain_v the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o most_o serene_a republic_n as_o also_o the_o condition_n that_o shall_v be_v agree_v upon_o ii_o that_o he_o will_v in_o no_o manner_n whatsoever_o violate_v the_o precious_a liberty_n of_o the_o polish_v nation_n but_o rather_o defend_v it_o upon_o all_o occasion_n with_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o own_o blood_n iii_o that_o for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o soldier_n he_o will_v supply_v the_o republic_n with_o eight_o million_o of_o florin_n in_o polish_v money_n before_o he_o set_v his_o foot_n in_o the_o kingdom_n iv_o that_o he_o will_v redeem_v elbing_n from_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o reimburse_v the_o money_n for_o which_o it_o be_v former_o mortgage_v to_o he_o v._o that_o he_o will_v use_v his_o best_a endeavour_n to_o recover_v caminiek_n and_o other_o territory_n the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n have_v usurp_v from_o the_o most_o serene_a republic_n vi_o that_o to_o discharge_v the_o republic_n from_o the_o assignment_n that_o be_v usual_o allot_v to_o the_o new_a queen_n he_o will_v never_o marry_v or_o if_o the_o nation_n desire_v he_o shall_v he_o will_v accept_v of_o such_o a_o wife_n as_o they_o shall_v think_v fit_a vii_o that_o he_o will_v take_v care_n for_o the_o future_a the_o army_n shall_v be_v regular_o pay_v viii_o that_o he_o will_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n find_v a_o college_n at_o rome_n for_o 25_o polish_v gentleman_n and_o as_o many_o lithuanian_n with_o a_o sufficient_a revenue_n for_o their_o maintenance_n according_a to_o their_o quality_n ix_o that_o if_o he_o come_v to_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o republic_n shall_v be_v the_o sole_a heiress_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n of_o money_n and_o land_n as_o also_o of_o all_o his_o rich_a and_o costly_a movable_n x._o for_o the_o performance_n of_o all_o these_o promise_n he_o be_v ready_a to_o engage_v by_o a_o authentic_a act_n to_o the_o most_o serene_a republic_n all_o his_o hereditary_a land_n in_o the_o milanese_n as_o also_o the_o dukedom_n of_o ceri_fw-la bracciano_n and_o palo_n the_o marquisate_n of_o roncofredi_n and_o the_o county_n of_o montejano_n with_o all_o the_o fort_n arsenal_n and_o brass_n canon_n that_o be_v in_o those_o place_n he_o will_v engage_v likewise_o all_o the_o sum_n of_o money_n which_o he_o have_v at_o interest_n at_o rome_n naples_n venice_n genoa_n madrid_n amsterdam_n etc._n etc._n xi_o last_o the_o envoy_n of_o prince_n odeschalchi_n to_o the_o diet_n be_v ready_a to_o make_v it_o evident_a to_o whosoever_o shall_v desire_v it_o by_o
of_o saxony_n though_o he_o have_v not_o time_n enough_o to_o purchase_v a_o party_n with_o money_n the_o pope_n nuntio_n answer_v that_o his_o religion_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v a_o obstacle_n to_o his_o election_n see_v he_o have_v embrace_v the_o catholic_n faith_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o certificate_n under_o the_o hand_n and_o seal_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o javarin_n which_o he_o know_v the_o bishop_n of_o passau_n ambassad_n or_o of_o the_o emperor_n appear_v public_o for_o his_o electoral_a highness_n and_o in_o short_a his_o party_n grow_v in_o few_o day_n so_o strong_a as_o to_o exceed_v the_o french_a as_o we_o be_v go_v to_o mention_v the_o election_n of_o a_o marshal_n and_o some_o other_o preliminary_a thing_n take_v up_o the_o diet_n till_o the_o 20_o of_o june_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n have_v public_a audience_n that_o day_n and_o the_o next_o day_n the_o emperor_n ambassador_n have_v he_o the_o 22d_o the_o french_a ambassador_n be_v hear_v and_o afterward_o the_o envoy_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n so_o that_o the_o diet_n can_v not_o go_v on_o with_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n till_o the_o 25_o the_o royal_a family_n party_n make_v a_o fair_a appearance_n at_o the_o beginning_n several_a of_o the_o palatinate_v have_v represent_v to_o the_o elector_n the_o merit_n of_o prince_n james_n his_o great_a alliance_n and_o several_a other_o thing_n fit_a to_o engage_v the_o republic_n to_o present_v he_o with_o their_o crown_n other_o propose_v don_n livio_n odeschalchi_n but_o the_o french_a party_n seem_v still_o more_o numerous_a the_o 26_o the_o saxon_a party_n grow_v strong_a notwithstanding_o the_o intrigue_n of_o the_o primate_n who_o ride_v from_o one_o squadron_n of_o the_o nobility_n to_o the_o other_o recommend_v to_o their_o choice_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n but_o his_o competitor_n have_v such_o a_o majority_n that_o it_o be_v think_v the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n will_v have_v be_v proclaim_v that_o day_n however_o the_o partiality_n of_o the_o primate_n be_v such_o that_o the_o grandee_n quit_v the_o field_n that_o day_n without_o come_v to_o any_o resolution_n they_o meet_v again_o the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 27_o of_o june_n and_o resolve_v not_o to_o separate_a till_o they_o have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o that_o grand_a affair_n the_o cardinal_n do_v his_o utmost_a to_o bring_v the_o nobility_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o conty_n party_n but_o his_o endeavour_n be_v in_o vain_a for_o on_o the_o contrary_a a_o great_a many_o leave_v he_o and_o go_v over_o to_o the_o saxon_n yet_o in_o spite_n of_o all_o the_o opposition_n the_o primate_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o cabal_n order_v the_o trumpet_n to_o sound_n and_o proclaim_v the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o repair_v with_o all_o the_o have_v he_o can_v to_o st._n john_n church_n cause_v the_o door_n to_o be_v shut_v and_o sing_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la in_o the_o dark_a the_o cardinal_n have_v leave_v the_o field_n the_o marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o crown-general_n and_o the_o head_n of_o the_o party_n of_o saxony_n and_o prince_n james_n protest_v against_o the_o irregular_a and_o violent_a way_n of_o proceed_v of_o the_o primate_n as_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o freedom_n of_o election_n and_o have_v unite_v themselves_o they_o proceed_v to_o collect_v the_o suffrage_n in_o a_o legal_a way_n and_o afterward_o friderick_n augustus_n elector_n of_o saxony_n be_v proclaim_v king_n by_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n who_o immediate_o repair_v to_o the_o great_a church_n in_o warsaw_n with_o the_o saxon_a party_n where_o he_o cause_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la to_o be_v sing_v with_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n the_o 28_o they_o repair_v again_o into_o the_o field_n and_o send_v for_o the_o cardinal_n who_o refuse_v to_o come_v and_o thereupon_o they_o send_v for_o the_o baron_fw-fr de_fw-fr fleming_n to_o treat_v with_o he_o about_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la and_o the_o royal_a diploma_n be_v order_v to_o be_v prepare_v the_o grand_a general_n cause_v a_o act_n to_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o sign_v in_o the_o field_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v but_o 80_o standard_n or_o rather_o squadron_n for_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n whereas_o there_o be_v 250_o for_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n the_o envoy_n of_o the_o other_o competitor_n extreme_o blame_v the_o conduct_n of_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n for_o refuse_v so_o much_o as_o to_o propose_v any_o of_o their_o master_n to_o the_o republic_n and_o for_o his_o conceal_v a_o letter_n from_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n in_o favour_n of_o prince_n james_n contain_v a_o express_a claus_n that_o poland_n must_v expect_v a_o declaration_n of_o war_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v elect_v the_o prince_n of_o conti._n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o partiality_n of_o this_o prelate_n can_v hardly_o be_v match_v for_o have_v he_o be_v rule_v by_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o republic_n as_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v he_o will_v have_v declare_v for_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n as_o be_v the_o most_o advantageous_a choice_n the_o pole_n can_v have_v make_v consider_v the_o riches_n and_o valour_n of_o that_o prince_n who_o be_v able_a of_o himself_o to_o support_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o restore_v it_o to_o its_o former_a dignity_n the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la be_v draw_v up_o the_o baron_n de_fw-fr fleming_n repair_v in_o great_a splendour_n on_o the_o 13_o of_o july_n to_o the_o great_a church_n in_o warsaw_n and_o swear_v to_o they_o in_o his_o master_n name_n they_o be_v likewise_o subscribe_v by_o most_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o senator_n the_o reader_n will_v find_v a_o account_n in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n of_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la and_o a_o abstract_n of_o the_o most_o principal_a article_n thereof_o however_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o insert_v at_o large_a in_o this_o place_n the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la sworn_n by_o the_o envoy_n of_o saxony_n because_o there_o be_v some_o addition_n make_v to_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n and_o person_n these_o article_n be_v swear_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o at_o the_o coronation_n 1._o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n shall_v be_v always_o preserve_v in_o its_o right_n of_o elect_v a_o king_n so_o that_o it_o may_v never_o become_v hereditary_a 2._o no_o king_n shall_v be_v elect_v who_o shall_v not_o be_v devote_v to_o the_o roman_n catholic_n church_n and_o who_o shall_v not_o take_v a_o oath_n constant_o to_o persevere_v in_o her_o communion_n 3._o liberty_n of_o conscience_n shall_v be_v inviolable_o preserve_v in_o its_o full_a strength_n and_o vigour_n and_o as_o for_o the_o greek_a religion_n that_o shall_v be_v take_v into_o consideration_n after_o the_o coronation_n 4._o no_o present_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o those_o who_o shall_v sue_v for_o any_o office_n or_o starosty_n 5._o the_o queen_n shall_v not_o intermeddle_v with_o affair_n of_o government_n 6._o as_o to_o the_o administration_n of_o military_a affair_n the_o precedent_n of_o vladislaus_n ii_o and_o john_n casimir_n shall_v be_v follow_v 7._o the_o present_a alliance_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n shall_v be_v renew_a 8._o endeavour_n shall_v be_v use_v to_o recover_v vkrania_n and_o to_o make_v a_o perpetual_a peace_n with_o the_o muscovite_n 9_o the_o revenue_n or_o money_n shall_v not_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o particular_a benefit_n of_o the_o king_n nor_o shall_v any_o money_n be_v coin_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n 10._o no_o foreign_a force_n shall_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o kingdom_n without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o republic_n 11._o none_o shall_v be_v employ_v in_o embassy_n but_o gentleman_n of_o good_a fortune_n 12._o no_o body_n shall_v be_v naturalize_v but_o such_o as_o have_v do_v the_o republic_n some_o signal_n service_n 13._o no_o body_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o any_o preferment_n in_o the_o king_n household_n unless_o he_o have_v first_o serve_v the_o crown_n 14._o no_o person_n whatsoever_o shall_v be_v permit_v to_o enjoy_v any_o petty_a revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n 15._o no_o person_n shall_v enjoy_v two_o considerable_a office_n at_o one_o time_n such_o as_o those_o of_o the_o marshal_n and_o general_n but_o they_o who_o now_o enjoy_v any_o office_n shall_v continue_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o they_o and_o enjoy_v the_o revenue_n thereof_o without_o any_o defalcation_n 16._o the_o ordinary_a order_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n shall_v be_v preseve_v without_o any_o alteration_n 17._o the_o king_n when_o he_o have_v retake_v caminieck_n shall_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v fortify_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n but_o after_o that_o the_o republic_n shall_v keep_v the_o say_a fortification_n in_o repair_n 18._o the_o king_n guard_n shall_v consist_v of_o the_o native_n of_o the_o
fire_v of_o the_o artillery_n of_o the_o place_n and_o with_o three_o salvo_n of_o all_o the_o saxon_a force_n encamp_v under_o the_o wall_n of_o cracow_n the_o next_o day_n his_o majesty_n be_v clothe_v in_o his_o royal_a robe_n go_v in_o great_a pomp_n to_o the_o town-house_n and_o be_v set_a upon_o a_o throne_n erect_v before_o the_o house_n the_o magistrate_n come_v to_o assure_v he_o of_o their_o fidelity_n and_o present_v he_o with_o the_o key_n of_o their_o town_n in_o a_o silver_n dish_n the_o chancellor_n in_o the_o king_n name_n assure_v they_o of_o his_o maiesty_n clemency_n and_o affection_n and_o read_v with_o a_o audible_a voice_n the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n which_o they_o take_v kneel_v after_o which_o they_o present_v according_a to_o custom_n a_o purse_n full_a of_o ducat_n to_o his_o majesty_n who_o be_v please_v to_o confer_v the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o some_o of_o they_o all_o the_o people_n be_v about_o the_o throne_n a_o gentleman_n who_o have_v the_o office_n of_o treasurer_n scatter_v some_o money_n among_o they_o which_o liberality_n be_v proclaim_v by_o great_a acclamation_n of_o joy_n and_o long_o live_v friderick_n augustus_n our_o king_n the_o diet_n which_o be_v call_v some_o time_n before_o meet_v at_o cracow_n according_a to_o custom_n and_o at_o their_o first_o meeting_n some_o of_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o french_a faction_n make_v some_o reflection_n on_o the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n and_o other_o senator_n who_o have_v advisd_v the_o hasten_v of_o the_o king_n coronation_n which_o as_o they_o say_v aught_o to_o have_v be_v defer_v till_o the_o great_a dispute_n concern_v the_o crown_n be_v accommodate_v to_o which_o they_o say_v the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n be_v incline_v but_o they_o be_v silence_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o deputy_n who_o will_v not_o hear_v such_o discourse_n the_o contest_v about_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o marshal_n go_v so_o far_o that_o the_o sabres_fw-es be_v draw_v but_o at_o last_o the_o matter_n be_v compose_v and_o the_o starost_n minsky_n of_o lithuania_n be_v choose_v on_o the_o 24_o of_o september_n and_o so_o the_o diet_n go_v on_o upon_o public_a business_n some_o day_n after_o the_o coronation_n the_o king_n hold_v a_o great_a council_n of_o war_n wherein_o it_o be_v resolve_v to_o send_v a_o detachment_n of_o his_o force_n towards_o dantzick_n to_o prevent_v the_o prince_n of_o conty_n land_v and_o another_o to_o warsaw_n to_o secure_v the_o place_n and_o disperse_v the_o rebel_n which_o be_v according_o do_v the_o king_n in_o end_v to_o repair_v in_o few_o way_n to_o warsaw_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n but_o the_o primate_n have_v receive_v advice_n of_o his_o majesty_n coronation_n and_o of_o his_o design_n to_o march_v to_o warsaw_n cause_v the_o corpse_n of_o the_o late_a king_n with_o all_o the_o artillery_n and_o ammunition_n of_o the_o place_n to_o be_v embark_v on_o the_o vistula_n for_o jarreslow_v design_v to_o retire_v himself_o with_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o party_n to_o lowitz_n a_o strong_a place_n in_o a_o morass_n belong_v to_o his_o eminence_n which_o he_o do_v few_o day_n after_o the_o whole_a party_n be_v much_o surprise_v at_o the_o news_n of_o the_o king_n coronation_n for_o they_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o saxon_n will_v have_v proceed_v to_o it_o because_o of_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v mention_v however_o they_o be_v not_o dishearten_v and_o they_o summon_v the_o nobility_n of_o upper_a poland_n to_o meet_v at_o lenovi_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o castellan_n of_o calish_n in_o the_o low_a poland_n at_o zawickhorst_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o palatine_a of_o beâ—z_n but_o the_o rendezvous_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o prince_n sapieha_n who_o be_v to_o have_v the_o chief_a command_n till_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n who_o be_v daily_o expect_v that_o prince_n set_v out_o form_n dunkirk_n the_o 6_o of_o september_n on_o board_n the_o chevalier_n bart_n and_o arrive_v at_o dantzick_n the_o 25_o he_o send_v a_o gentleman_n to_o give_v notice_n of_o his_o arrival_n to_o the_o magistrate_n and_o desire_v a_o free_a passage_n through_o the_o city_n to_o which_o they_o answer_v that_o they_o have_v a_o great_a respect_n for_o his_o highness_n but_o that_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n have_v be_v crown_v they_o can_v do_v no_o more_o for_o he_o than_o give_v he_o the_o liberty_n to_o come_v ashore_o himself_o with_o his_o servant_n alone_o but_o not_o suffer_v any_o officer_n or_o soldier_n to_o land_n or_o pass_v through_o their_o city_n the_o prince_n be_v very_o much_o mortify_v at_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o magistrate_n but_o his_o mortification_n increase_v much_o on_o the_o 29_o of_o the_o same_o month_n that_o he_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o their_o proclaim_v his_o competitor_n with_o all_o imaginable_a solemnity_n which_o be_v a_o great_a disappointment_n to_o his_o party_n who_o think_v to_o have_v have_v their_o rendezvous_n in_o that_o place_n they_o have_v also_o buy_v several_a piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o ammunition_n but_o the_o magistrate_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v carry_v away_o and_o forbid_v the_o inhabitant_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o sell_v any_o arm_n or_o ammunition_n to_o stranger_n the_o primate_n come_v incognito_o to_o confer_v with_o his_o highness_n with_o five_o or_o six_o other_o gentleman_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o king_n think_v fit_a to_o send_v circular_a letter_n to_o all_o the_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o to_o notify_v his_o coronation_n as_o to_o answer_v some_o calumny_n raise_v by_o his_o enemy_n the_o substance_n of_o those_o letter_n be_v that_o his_o majesty_n be_v by_o the_o free_a choice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n elect_v and_o crown_v king_n of_o poland_n he_o be_v concern_v to_o find_v there_o shall_v be_v any_o person_n so_o much_o enemy_n of_o their_o country_n as_o to_o go_v about_o to_o violate_v the_o right_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o disturb_v the_o public_a peace_n that_o he_o understand_v they_o complain_v of_o his_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n and_o bring_v force_n into_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o he_o have_v do_v nothing_o therein_o but_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o the_o troop_n he_o have_v with_o he_o be_v no_o more_o than_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o security_n of_o his_o person_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o unreasonable_a opposition_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n he_o have_v use_v all_o endeavour_n to_o gain_v they_o by_o fair_a mean_n but_o the_o same_o not_o have_v have_v the_o effect_n he_o hope_v for_o his_o majesty_n place_n his_o confidence_n in_o the_o protection_n of_o almighty_n god_n and_o do_v not_o doubt_n but_o they_o who_o choose_v he_o king_n will_v be_v careful_a to_o maintain_v their_o own_o honour_n and_o liberty_n immediate_o after_o the_o coronation_n the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n be_v send_v to_o the_o army_n who_o have_v receive_v the_o arrear_n due_a to_o they_o declare_v they_o be_v ready_a to_o obey_v his_o majesty_n order_n the_o primate_n have_v send_v some_o deputy_n to_o engage_v they_o to_o come_v over_o to_o his_o party_n but_o he_o have_v be_v inform_v at_o lemberg_fw-mi of_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o troop_n they_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o venture_v to_o go_v to_o the_o camp_n for_o fear_v the_o general_n shall_v proceed_v against_o they_o as_o public_a enemy_n thus_o stand_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n 1697._o and_o notwithstanding_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n one_o may_v reasonable_o believe_v that_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n will_v find_v himself_o disappoint_v his_o competitor_n have_v many_o great_a advantage_n over_o he_o for_o although_o one_o will_v suppose_v which_o be_v certain_o false_a that_o their_o party_n in_o the_o republic_n be_v equal_a yet_o the_o elector_n territory_n border_v upon_o poland_n and_o all_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n as_o sweden_n moscovy_n the_o emperor_n brandenburg_n etc._n etc._n have_v declare_v for_o he_o his_o party_n must_v needs_o prevail_v upon_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n who_o have_v nothing_o to_o rely_v upon_o but_o the_o supply_n from_o france_n which_o will_v be_v very_o uncertain_a consider_v the_o distance_n from_o france_n to_o poland_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o this_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o reader_n do_v perhaps_o expect_v that_o we_o shall_v inquire_v which_o of_o the_o two_o election_n be_v conformable_a to_o the_o polish_v law_n or_o whether_o either_o of_o they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o which_o be_v neither_o improbable_a nor_o impossible_a but_o this_o inquity_n will_v
be_v useless_a for_o as_o thing_n be_v now_o dispose_v there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n that_o this_o affair_n will_v be_v decide_v by_o the_o law_n of_o equity_n however_o we_o may_v venture_v to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v some_o irregularity_n in_o both_o election_n but_o much_o more_o in_o that_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o that_o the_o irregular_a proceed_n in_o the_o other_o be_v chief_o occasion_v by_o the_o partiality_n of_o the_o primate_n the_o french_a party_n exclaim_v very_o much_o against_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n for_o have_v proclaim_v the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n but_o whatever_o they_o may_v say_v this_o prelate_n be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v as_o to_o that_o point_n it_o be_v true_a it_o belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n to_o proclaim_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v when_o the_o election_n be_v unanimous_a for_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o primate_n alone_o to_o proclaim_v a_o king_n the_o election_n will_v never_o be_v free_a and_o he_o may_v at_o that_o rate_n proclaim_v who_o he_o shall_v please_v it_o appear_v by_o the_o forego_n account_n that_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n have_v the_o majority_n of_o voice_n on_o his_o side_n and_o this_o be_v enough_o to_o justify_v their_o proceed_n see_v the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n ought_v to_o have_v submit_v money_n be_v the_o only_a soul_n that_o enlivens_fw-la the_o affair_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v more_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o inquire_v which_o of_o the_o two_o competitor_n can_v spare_v most_o money_n for_o let_v their_o right_n be_v what_o it_o will_v the_o first_o who_o want_v money_n will_v be_v in_o the_o wrong_n and_o lose_v the_o crown_n but_o the_o case_n be_v now_o different_a the_o elector_n be_v crown_v and_o have_v a_o good_a army_n of_o his_o own_o and_o needs_o not_o to_o rely_v entire_o on_o the_o fidelity_n of_o his_o party_n that_o prince_n be_v certain_o very_o rich_a but_o yet_o his_o purse_n bear_v no_o proportion_n with_o that_o of_o the_o french_a king_n who_o have_v already_o spend_v so_o much_o will_v neglect_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o set_v the_o prince_n of_o conti_n upon_o the_o throne_n the_o winter_n draw_v nigh_o the_o baltic_a sea_n will_v be_v unnavigable_a and_o likely_a none_o of_o the_o german_a prince_n will_v give_v he_o leave_v to_o march_v a_o army_n into_o poland_n through_o their_o territory_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n have_v nothing_o to_o rely_v upon_o but_o his_o party_n which_o be_v very_o precarious_a for_o after_o all_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o the_o pole_n will_v open_v their_o eye_n and_o consider_v that_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o fear_v from_o france_n whereas_o they_o must_v expect_v a_o continual_a war_n with_o germany_n if_o this_o present_a king_n receive_v any_o disgrace_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v into_o his_o own_o country_n insomuch_o that_o although_o they_o shall_v beat_v he_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o controversy_n will_v not_o be_v at_o a_o end_n for_o his_o dominion_n border_v upon_o poland_n he_o may_v invade_v they_o at_o any_o time_n these_o reason_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o one_o will_v think_v they_o shall_v have_v already_o prevail_v upon_o the_o pole_n but_o their_o mercenary_a nobility_n be_v influence_v only_o by_o gold_n and_o do_v not_o care_n for_o the_o public_a good_a so_o long_o as_o they_o find_v their_o private_a interest_n in_o intestine_a division_n the_o court_n of_o rome_n who_o have_v a_o great_a share_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n keep_v now_o a_o exact_a neutrality_n but_o those_o refine_v politician_n will_v soon_o declare_v for_o one_o of_o the_o competitor_n and_o doubtless_o for_o the_o present_a king_n because_o of_o the_o great_a advantage_n they_o expect_v from_o the_o conversion_n of_o that_o prince_n to_o their_o religion_n which_o certain_o weaken_v much_o the_o protestant_n interest_n in_o germany_n the_o long_a continuance_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n in_o the_o road_n of_o dantzick_n without_o offer_v to_o go_v on_o shoar_n be_v a_o ill_a omen_n for_o his_o affair_n and_o see_v his_o party_n have_v resolve_v to_o give_v he_o only_o the_o title_n of_o protector_n of_o the_o religion_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v doubt_v whether_o he_o will_v accept_v of_o it_o it_o be_v a_o tacit_fw-la confession_n that_o his_o election_n be_v illegal_a but_o if_o he_o do_v not_o scruple_n to_o take_v it_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o he_o will_v make_v himself_o such_o a_o sort_n of_o protector_n as_o oliver_n cromwell_n be_v and_o perhaps_o the_o historian_n of_o this_o age_n will_v say_v of_o he_o in_o case_n he_o succeed_v what_o be_v say_v of_o the_o successor_n of_o julius_n caesar_n augustus_n arma_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o antonium_n acceperat_fw-la in_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la vertit_fw-la and_o real_o i_o will_v not_o blame_v he_o for_o it_o for_o he_o must_v needs_o spend_v as_o much_o money_n as_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v worth_a and_o perhaps_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o but_o i_o must_v give_v over_o conjecture_n time_n will_v soon_o bring_v this_o great_a controversy_n to_o a_o end_n the_o reader_n must_v not_o expect_v here_o a_o character_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n this_o undertake_n be_v above_o my_o reach_n therefore_o i_o must_v break_v off_o my_o discourse_n after_o have_v observe_v that_o he_o be_v bear_v may_v 12_o 1670._o second_o son_n to_o john_n george_n elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o of_o anne_n sophia_n sister_n of_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n he_o have_v make_v several_a campaign_n on_o the_o rhine_n and_o flanders_n and_o after_o his_o brother_n death_n he_o command_v in_o chief_a the_o imperial_a army_n in_o hungary_n in_o the_o year_n 1695._o and_o 1696._o and_o have_v show_v on_o all_o occasion_n a_o extraordinary_a bravery_n he_o marry_v before_o he_o be_v elector_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o markgrave_n of_o bareith_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n his_o majesty_n be_v of_o a_o very_a strong_a constitution_n and_o perhaps_o the_o strong_a man_n alive_a finis_fw-la
which_o they_o may_v rise_v to_o that_o of_o chancellor_n and_o both_o those_o officer_n must_v be_v ecclesiastic_n next_o to_o the_o great_a secretary_n be_v the_o referendary_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o duchy_n there_o be_v two_o of_o they_o in_o each_o state_n one_o a_o layman_n and_o the_o other_o a_o ecclesiastic_a they_o present_a petition_n to_o the_o king_n and_o return_v his_o majesty_n answer_n and_o though_o they_o be_v not_o member_n of_o the_o senate_n they_o have_v a_o privilege_n to_o sit_v by_o the_o senator_n in_o judgement_n of_o process_n upon_o information_n to_o give_v their_o advice_n and_o afterward_o to_o pronounce_v the_o sentence_n that_o be_v give_v it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o judge_n and_o officer_n of_o justice_n all_o the_o advocate_n proctor_n register_n and_o notary_n wear_v a_o sabre_n or_o scimitar_n by_o their_o side_n and_o do_v not_o lay_v it_o aside_o either_o when_o they_o judge_v or_o plead_v a_o cause_n and_o that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o garb_n than_o what_o they_o usual_o wear_v there_o be_v four_o general_a officer_n of_o the_o army_n in_o poland_n 2_o for_o the_o crown_n and_o 2_o for_o lithuania_n viz._n a_o great_a general_n and_o a_o petty_a or_o lieutenant-general_n those_o general_n of_o the_o army_n have_v no_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n unless_o they_o be_v palatine_n or_o castellan_n or_o be_v possess_v of_o some_o of_o those_o office_n which_o entitle_v they_o to_o a_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n the_o great_a general_n command_v the_o whole_a army_n and_o have_v power_n to_o quarter_v the_o troop_n where_o he_o please_v the_o king_n himself_o not_o be_v able_a to_o hinder_v he_o and_o this_o power_n be_v so_o considerable_a that_o it_o make_v a_o great_a general_n formidable_a to_o all_o the_o nobility_n his_o office_n be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o soldier_n which_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o republic_n commit_v no_o disorder_n that_o the_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n may_v not_o be_v overawe_v by_o the_o army_n he_o held_n the_o army_n order_v its_o encampment_n put_v it_o in_o battalion_n and_o give_v the_o signal_n of_o battle_n and_o of_o retreat_n he_o take_v care_n of_o the_o convoy_n and_o ammunition_n set_v a_o price_n on_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o army_n regulate_v the_o weight_n and_o measure_n and_o punish_v offender_n the_o office_n of_o the_o petty_a general_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o those_o who_o be_v appoint_v for_o guard_n and_o of_o the_o party_n that_o be_v send_v out_o to_o discover_v the_o enemy_n he_o command_v the_o foreign_a troop_n and_o even_o the_o whole_a army_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o general_n and_o succeed_v he_o in_o course_n upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o vacancy_n there_o be_v many_o other_o office_n in_o the_o army_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v that_o of_o the_o great_a standard-bearer_n and_o the_o next_o that_o of_o great_a master_n of_o the_o artillery_n as_o for_o the_o office_n of_o the_o court_n the_o most_o considerable_a be_v those_o of_o the_o great_a chamberlain_n great_a master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o steward_n or_o master_n of_o the_o household_n beside_o all_o those_o office_n there_o be_v other_o in_o the_o palatinat_n as_o chamberlain_n master_n of_o the_o household_n and_o many_o other_o for_o the_o province_n of_o poland_n be_v former_o divide_v among_o several_a prince_n each_o of_o who_o have_v their_o particular_a officer_n and_o though_o those_o province_n have_v be_v long_o since_o reunited_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o the_o officer_n still_o contiâ—â—e_v and_o enjoy_v certain_a honorary_a privilege_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v that_o they_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o their_o palatinate_n when_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n be_v absent_a chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la a_fw-la interregnum_fw-la may_v happen_v four_o several_a way_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o prince_n by_o his_o voluntary_a and_o public_a abdication_n by_o his_o force_a and_o javoâ—â—ntary_a deposition_n or_o by_o his_o flight_n 〈◊〉_d go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o the_o most_o usual_a be_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n who_o body_n be_v immediate_o lay_v upon_o a_o bed_n of_o state_n and_o some_o senator_n both_o ecclesiastic_a and_o secular_a be_v choose_v to_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o republic_n order_v all_o the_o necessary_a expense_n for_o the_o ceremony_n to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o treasure_n leave_v by_o the_o decease_a king_n the_o same_o honour_n be_v also_o give_v to_o the_o queen_n after_o their_o decease_n as_o i_o have_v occasion_n to_o observe_v at_o the_o death_n of_o queen_n mary_n lovise_n who_o die_v at_o warsaw_n may_v 10._o 1667._o in_o the_o palace_n which_o king_n john_n casimir_n her_o husband_n have_v in_o the_o suburb_n the_o next_o day_n she_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o castle_n where_o she_o be_v expose_v on_o a_o bed_n of_o state_n till_o she_o be_v remove_v to_o cracow_n to_o be_v inter_v she_o die_v about_o the_o end_n of_o a_o diet_n and_o almost_o sudden_o of_o a_o defluxion_n upon_o her_o lung_n occasion_v by_o a_o too_o long_o and_o earnest_a dispute_n with_o general_n patz_n about_o a_o affair_n she_o have_v propose_v to_o he_o which_o he_o will_v not_o consent_v to_o for_o that_o princess_n be_v so_o fond_a of_o intrigue_v and_o so_o desirous_a to_o govern_v the_o state_n alone_o that_o she_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n jealous_a of_o the_o king_n her_o husband_n who_o dare_v not_o speak_v to_o any_o woman_n in_o private_a lest_o she_o shall_v imagine_v that_o he_o be_v govern_v by_o another_o this_o troublesome_a constraint_n make_v he_o so_o uneasy_a that_o he_o be_v not_o much_o afflict_v at_o her_o death_n for_o the_o same_o night_n he_o return_v from_o the_o diet_n to_o the_o palace_n to_o see_v a_o person_n who_o he_o have_v love_v before_o but_o dare_v never_o entertain_v during_o the_o queen_n life_n the_o interregnum_fw-la may_v also_o happen_v by_o a_o voluntary_a abdication_n when_o a_o king_n free_o resign_v the_o crown_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o it_o be_v very_o rare_a to_o see_v a_o king_n descend_v voluntary_o from_o the_o throne_n and_o few_o will_v imitate_v the_o example_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n who_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v twenty_o year_n with_o the_o love_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n make_v a_o public_a resignation_n in_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n septemb_n 16._o 1668._o notwithstanding_o the_o earnest_a solicitation_n of_o the_o whole_a senate_n and_o of_o all_o the_o nobility_n to_o make_v he_o alter_v his_o resolution_n and_o the_o tear_n that_o be_v shed_v by_o all_o the_o people_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o so_o dismal_a a_o revolution_n for_o he_o be_v so_o universal_o belove_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o senate_n that_o they_o voluntary_o assign_v he_o a_o yearly_o pension_n of_o 50000_o crown_n as_o a_o testimony_n of_o their_o acknowledgement_n towards_o a_o prince_n who_o have_v govern_v they_o so_o well_o nevertheless_o that_o pension_n be_v never_o pay_v though_o it_o be_v afterward_o insert_v in_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o king_n michael_n swear_v to_o observe_v after_o his_o election_n the_o abdicated_a king_n go_v to_o france_n where_o he_o die_v at_o nevers_n december_n 16._o 1672._o i_o can_v on_o this_o occasion_n forbear_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o odd_a circumstance_n in_o the_o fate_n of_o that_o prince_n and_o his_o queen_n for_o the_o latter_a quit_v france_n and_o go_v to_o poland_n where_o she_o die_v in_o her_o husband_n city_n and_o the_o former_a leave_v foland_n and_o go_v to_o france_n where_o he_o die_v in_o his_o wive_n city_n innovation_n be_v always_o dangerous_a to_o a_o state_n and_o threaten_v it_o with_o some_o fatal_a revolution_n which_o the_o polander_n consider_v endeavour_v to_o prevent_v the_o consequence_n of_o so_o unusual_a a_o action_n cause_v a_o article_n to_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o they_o make_v king_n michael_n swear_v to_o observe_v that_o never_o any_o king_n shall_v be_v suffer_v to_o abdicate_v for_o the_o future_a but_o that_o article_n be_v leave_v out_o in_o the_o pacta_fw-la which_o king_n john_n the_o iiid_n swear_v after_o his_o election_n in_o the_o church_n of_o st._n john_n at_o warsaw_n june_n 5._o 1674._o an_fw-mi interregnum_fw-la may_v be_v also_o occasion_v by_o the_o depose_v of_o a_o prince_n either_o for_o heresy_n or_o some_o other_o notorious_a crime_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o locticus_n who_o be_v depose_v for_o his_o excessive_a debauchery_n and_o succeed_v by_o wenceslaus_n king_n of_o bobemia_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1300._o but_o those_o instance_n be_v very_o rare_a as_o well_o as_o the_o example_n of_o a_o
kingdom_n 19_o if_o the_o king_n become_v a_o widower_n and_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o marry_v he_o shall_v advise_v with_o the_o senator_n about_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o wife_n and_o if_o he_o take_v a_o foreigner_n she_o shall_v not_o have_v above_o six_o foreigner_n in_o her_o service_n 20._o only_o the_o latin_a and_o polish_v language_n shall_v be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o king_n letter_n and_o order_n 21._o the_o law_n call_v pacta_fw-la henricea_n shall_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o judgement_n call_v post_n curialia_n 22._o all_o the_o difference_n that_o be_v now_o depend_v shall_v be_v determine_v with_o all_o the_o speed_n that_o may_v be_v 23._o no_o new_a custom_n or_o novelty_n shall_v be_v admit_v in_o the_o order_n of_o the_o king_n table_n but_o the_o ancient_a custom_n shall_v be_v exact_o observe_v 24._o place_n become_v vacant_a in_o the_o interval_n of_o diet_n shall_v be_v supply_v in_o six_o week_n 25._o the_o militia_n shall_v be_v so_o regulate_v at_o 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