Victory Three days after was followed with the taking of Newheusel It will not be improper I think in this place to insert the Letter which about that time the Serasquier Ibrahim Basha wrote to his Highness the Duke of Lorrain which he sent by the Deftedar of the Timmariot's Achmet Desquelebi by the Advice of the Grand Signior the Contents whereof are word for word as follows To our good Friend the Duke of Lorrain Generalissimo of the Armies of the Emperour of the Germans Greeting We let you know as a good Friend that Achmet Desquelebi Deftedar or Commissary of Newheusel hath reported that we your Friend ought to send you Letters to which you might give Credit if we desire to see a Negotiation for Peace It is for that Cause that the present are Written and sent to you and seeing we your Friends desire for the service of the Creatures of God that means of Tranquillity might be found out for the Subjects of both Parties what we say to you and beseech as well as what we shall do in pursuance of our Word hath been approved for so is the Will of God by the Majesty of our resplendent Omnipotent and formidable Emperor and King of the Superfice of the Earth wherefore we send you this Man to whom we have entrusted some things to be told you by word of Mouth to the end you may be pleased to send us a trusty Man on your part to endeavour a Peace it is hoped we may come to a Conference whereupon Farewel Given in the Camp at Pest Signed IBRAHIM CHAP. XV. Of the Ceremonies observed in the Coronations of the Kings and Queens of Hungary AFter all necessary Preparations have been made for the Solemnity of the Coronation the Ceremonies of it are performed in this manner In the first place an Election is made of those who are to go and fetch the Crown Scepter Globe representing the World Sword Coat of Arms the Royal Habits and Cross in the City of Presbourg where they are kept with the Standards of the Kingdom They discharge this Duty and carry them to the Church The Palatin takes the Crown and places it on the right side of the Altar where the Arch-bishop of Strigonium says Mass the Prelates sit about the Steps of the Altar and some of them lead the King from the Throne to the Altar or from the Altar to his Seat the rest serve for some other Action of the Coronation The Kings Throne decked with Cloth of Gold is pretty near the Altar and opposite to the middle of it having over it a Cloth of State of the same Stuff as that of the Seat. The King kneels first upon the Steps of the Altar and Kisses the Cross which the Arch-Bishop of Strigonium presents to him then takes the Oath contained in the Roman Pontifical saying the Words after the Arch-bishop and laying his Right hand on the Gospel with Eyes lifted up to Heaven as if he called God to witness After the Oath he is anointed by the Arch-bishop on the right Arm near the Elbow and betwixt the two Shoulders Then being cloathed with the Coat of Arms of King St. Stephen he receives from the same Arch-Bishop the naked Cuttelas of the same Saint then gives it back to the Arch-bishop who returns it into the Scabbard and then girds it to his side That being done the King turned towards the Altar as Defender of the Altars Religion and the Church draws the Sword out of the Scabbard and brandishing it three ways in the Air gives so many blows then the Arch-Bishop taking the Crown gives it to the Palatin who holding it up on high with both his Hands and being upon the Steps of the Altar asks aloud all that are present if they would have him Crown'd for their King and having three times put the same question unto them upon their answering in the Affirmative he is crowned and receives from the Arch-Bishop the Scepter in the right hand the Globe in the left and all the marks of Royal Dignity After that he sits down on the Throne as taking Possession of the Kingdom Then all the Hungarians make loud Shouts and Acclamations wishing the King a long and prosperous Reign and at the same time the Vocal and Instrumental Musick the Trumpets Drums and Cannon mingle their noise with the confused Voices Mass being said and the Streets through which the King is to go being Boarded and covered with White Green and Red Cloth the King walks from the Church where he was to another wearing the Crown and Coat of Arms some carrying before him the Royal Ornaments and Standards and a great many others walking before and after him At the same time pieces of Gold and Silver are scattered among the People in all the Streets through which the King passes who coming to the other Church sits down on the Royal Throne erected there and makes some Knights striking them thrice on the Back with the naked Sword of St. Stephen as they are kneeling before him This being done he comes out of the Church and mounting on Horse back with the Crown and Coat of Arms having the same persons on Horse-back who walked before or followed him on foot as he came in the same Order he goes out of the Town and alighting with the Arch-bishop of Strigonium mounts up upon a Theater where lifting up the Right hand he takes an Oath to the Hungarians to maintain the Priviledges of the Nobility do Justice to all observe the Laws of the Kingdom and procure the good of the Publick In the mean time all are uncovered and when he hath taken the Oath all again shout and amidst the noise of great Guns wish him all sort of Prosperity Afterwards he mounts a stately and well-managed Horse and spurs him towards an adjoyning ground where putting him upon the Carrier and drawing the Sword of St. Stephen he makes in form of a Cross four stroaks in the Air turning his Horse very nimbly as threatning the four Corners of the World and then there is nothing to be heard but Volleys of great Guns After this the new King putting his Horse to a Walk draws near the Lords who are Spectators and with them goes to his Pallace where he feasts them sitting at Table with his Crown and Coat of Arms and being served by some Barons and Grandees of the Kingdom appointed for that Office and when Dinner is over they who have the charge of the Crown and Royal Ornaments carry them back to their place Now to shew you the Ceremonies of the Coronation of the Queens of Hungary I 'll give you here an Abridgment of what past when the present Emperess Anna Maria of Bavaria Palatiness of Newbourg was Crowned Queen of Hungary in the Town of Edimbourg in the year 1681. The Emperor in his Imperial Habits and the Domestick Crown of the Empire on his Head went with his Attendants to the Church of the Recollets where he was received
and sprinkled with Holy Water by the Clergy of Hungary The Train of the Empress came after before whom Count John Draskowich walked with the Scepter in place of Count Draskowich the Steward of the Kingdom went before The Counts Stephen Zichy and Christopher Erdedy both Keepers of the Crown came next with the Lords who carried the Royal Jewels upon Cushions of Crimson Velvet Count Illishazi carried the Silver Cross Count Nicholas Erdedy the Scepter the Palatin of Hungary the Crown and Count Nicholas Draskowich the Globe of the Empire The Empress came after these led by the Duke of Diederichstein Master of the Palace The Countess of Rapach chief Governante carried up her Train which was embroidered with Gold Diamonds and Pearls and after her came the Palatiness and other Ladies of Court. The Emperess was received at the Entry into the Church by the Arch-Bishops of Colocza and Neutra who led her to the Throne In the mean time the Emperour having taken his place on the side of the Gospel went also to his Throne in the middle of the Quire over against the great Altar behind the Throne sate the Palatiness with the chief Governante and other Ladies of Court in Chaires prepared for them On the left hand of the Empresses Throne were the Lords of Hungary who carried the Jewels of the Kingdom which were taken from them by the Arch-Bishop who put them upon the Altar Before the Throne there was a Silver Stool where the Domestick Crown which was brought to the Church under a Cover was placed That being done the Gospel was read at the end whereof the Emperour went to the Altar with the Crown on his Head the Scepter in his Right Hand and the Globe in the Left and presented the Empress to the Arch-bishops to be crowned When his Imperial Majesty had taken his place the Empress advanced towards the Altar assisted by the Arch-bishops and kneeled upon the first Step whilst the Arch-bishop of Gran kissed the end of the Cross and presented her the Scepter and Globe of the Empire which she took the Scepter in her right hand and the Globe in the left the Prelate all the while saying some Prayers That Ceremony being over the Empress was led back to the Throne where the Arch-bishop having again said some Prayers Te Deum was sung during a Volly of 480. Musket-shot and a discharge of the Artillery upon the Rampart Then Count John Draskowich took the Scepter and Globe of the Empire out of the hands of the Empress in place of the Steward of Hungary and gave them back to those who had carried them before That being done the Empress was led to the Offering by the Arch-bishops and put a rare piece of Gold of Gold-Smiths work into a Silver Bason that was upon the Altar and then returned to her Throne The Domestick Crown was taken off of the Head of the Empress by the Bishop of Neutra during the Offering and Communion and given to be held by the Duke of Diedericksteyn who after the Communion gave it back to the said Prelate to be put upon the Head of the Empress again The aforesaid Bishop led her to the Communion which being given her by the hand of the Arch-bishop of Gran the Crown was put upon her Majesties head The Ceremonies thus performed they returned in the same Order as they came with the noise of Cannon and the Ladies were admitted to kiss her Hand When they were at Table his Imperial Majesty ordered the Artillery once more to play which concluded the Solemnity CHAP. XVI Of the Description of Transilvania anciently united to Hungary and the Princes who have Reigned in it since the beginning of this Age to the present time TRansilvania a Principality of Europe is part of the Ancient Dacia to the West of Hungary and to the East of Moravia having the Carpathian Mountains to the North and Walachia to the South It is four days journey in length and as much in breadth That Name was given it by the Romans because it is incompassed with Forrests as well as Mountains The Hungarians call it Erdely and the Germans Siben bergen because of Seven Towns which the fugitive Saxons built there Several other People settled there but the Saxons I speak of cultivated the Country best The Romans afterwards became Masters of it under Trajan In process of time it was united to Hungary from which it was dismembred in the year 1541. At present the Princes of it are Elective Tributary to the Turk The Town of Transilvania are Hermenstadt Clausenbourg Weisenbourg or Alba-Julia c. It is a fertile Country and hath several Mines and Medicinal Plants Most of the Inhabitants are Greeks Schismaticks there are in it also a great many Hereticks and some Mahometans The Princes of Transilvania who have reigned since the beginning of this Age are these that follow 1. Sigismond Bathori Knight of the Golden Fleece Son to Christopher Prince of Transilvania who died in the year 1581. succeeded to his Father in that Principality and died at Prague the 17. of March 1603. 2. Stephen Bodtskey introduced himself by force into that Principality and his Usurpation was approved by the Turk and at length by the Emperor upon certain Conditions he died of Poyson in the year 1606. and named for his Successor Valentine Homonay but the States of the Country preferred Sigismond Ragotski before him 3. Sigismond Ragotski was elected Prince of Transilvania in the year 1606. but having reigned a year he resigned that Dignity to Gabriel Bathory Nephew to Prince Sigismond in 1608. Sultan Achmet confirmed that choice and the King of Hungary the Arch-Duke Matthias did not oppose it 4. Gabriel Bathory was elected Prince of Transilvania in the year 1608. and was assassinated at Valencze in the year 1613. 5. Bethlen Gabor who had had a great Hand in that Death being supported by the Turks seized the State and caused himself to be proclaimed Prince of Transilvania in the year 1613. and by a Treaty made with the Emperor in 1622. he continued Prince of Transilvania He died the 15. of November 1629. 6. George Ragotski Prince of Transilvania succeeded to him he died of his Wounds at Waradin in the Month of June 1660. 7. Achatius Barchay by the Turks introduced into that Principality in place of Ragotski resigned it some time after and was beheaded about the end of the said year 1660 8. When John Kemeni was chosen Prince who was killed in the year 1661. 9. Michael Abafti Count of Sicules Prince of Transilvania who Reigns at present was chosen in the year 1661. by the Assistance of the Turks CHAP. XVII Of the Turkish Emperors who in Progress of time have invaded subdued and usurped the greatest part of Hungary SOlyman called the Magnificent Son of Sultan Selim immediately after the death of his Father whom he had poysoned took Belgrade and the Isle of Rhodes was the first that invaded the Kingdom of Hungary and with
his Armies passed the Rivers of Save and Drave in the year 1526. He was Victorious in the Famous Battle of Mohacz which I mentioned before wherein Loüis II. King of Hungary unfortunately perished At Bagdet he was crowned King of Persia and subjected Assyria and Mesopotamia He made six Expeditions into Hungary and took the strong Towns of Strigonium and Alba-Regalis He also subjected Aladulia and the Kingdom of Aden besides many other Towns upon the Red-Sea He made Algiers Triâ—utary took Pialli Tripoli and the Gerbes and after all these Victories whilst he besieged the strong Town of Siget in the lower Hungary he died â—n Five-Churches as hath been mentioned before This Emperour took to himself the â—ollowing Titles in the Credential Letters of the Ambassador whom â—e sent to the Emperour Ferdiâ—and I the Lord of all Lords the Ruler of the East and West who am able to do and â—ot to do whatsoever I please Lord of all Grecia Persia and Arabia Ruler over â—ll things that can be Subject to a King â—nd Lord the Great Hero of these Times â—nd mighty Giant of this vast universe Lord of the White and Black Seas and â—he Holy City of Mecha shining with the Brightness of God of the City of Medina â—nd the Holy and Chaste City of Jerusaâ—em King of the most Noble Kingdom of Egypt Lord of the Country of Ionia and Cities of Athens and Sena of the Holy Temple of God Zabilon and Bassio Retâ—aam and Magadim the Seat and Throne â—f the Great King Nashin Rettham and Lord of the Island of Algiers and Prince of the Kingdom of Tartary Mesopotamia the Medes Georgians and of all Greece Morea and Anatolia Asia Armenia Walachia Moldavia and all Hungary with a great many other Kingdoms and Dominions whereof I am Emperour that thrice great Caesar Sultan Solyman the Son of the great Emperor Sultan Selim who have Authority from God to Rule all People in a bit of Iron and power to open the Gates and Doors of all Cities and strong Holds all the ends of the Earth none excepted are delivered into my Hands I the Lord of the East from the Land of Tscin to the utmost bounds of Africa whom God hath made a valiant Warriour in the edge of the Sword amongst whose most potent Kingdoms the impregnable Castle of Cesarea is reckoned the least and the Empire or Dominion of Alexander the Great the meanest of my Hereditary Dominions with me is the Strength of the whole World and Virtue of the Firmament Zelim II. Emperor of the Turks Son of Sultan Solyman II. called the Magnificent succeeded to him in the year 1566. being about Fourty two years of Age this Emperor having subjected Nicosia and Famagusta seized the Island of Cyprus a Kingdom belonging to the Venetians in the year 1521. but after that loss the Christians gained the Famous Battle of Lepanto the 7th of October the same year Haly Basha was killed there and it is not doubted but that it was the greatest Blow that the Ottoman Empire had for a long time received and indeed if the Christians had known how to make the best Advantage of that Victory they might without doubt have taken Constantinople where all were in a general Consternation And to see how great a Victory that of the Christian Princes was we may only read the Triumphal Inscription exposed by the Romans in the Capitol in memory of it and of Marco Antonio Colonna Duke of Paliano Knight of the Golden Fleece Great Constable of Naples whom Pope Pius V. made General of the Ecclesiastical Forces who solemnly received the Standard in St. Peter's Church at Rome and who in that memorable Battle commanded as Lieutenant General being upon his return received in Triumph in the City of Rome Marcus Antonius Ascanij Filius Fabricij nepos Columnae Marsorum Hernicorum Dux initâ inter Pium V. Pont. Max. Phillippum Hispaniarum Regem Catholicum Rempublicam Venetam Societate Classis Pontificiae Praefectus De Turcis Non. Octobris ad Echinadas Navali praelio victis DC Navigiis in potestatem redactis Demersis fugatis Christianos XV. mill in libertatem assertis Hostium XXX mill caesis X. mill captis Re optimè gestâ Ut Victoriâ omnium maxima in mari partâ Ex S. C. Pij V. S. P. authoritate More Majorum Prid. Non. Decembris anno à Christo nato M.D.LXXI Triumphavit Ad ejus rei memoriam sempiternam Diem hunc antiquis Triumphalibus fastis adscribendum Et monumentum hoc in Capitolio ponendum Censuit S. P. Q. R. ut superiorum aemulationi Praesentis aevi gloriae posterorum incitamento Testaretur in promerendis honoribus ac tribuendis Neque virtutem neque benignitatem priscam Adhuc deesse Romanis Coss Rom. decreverunt curaverunt Selim the Turkish Emperor died of an Apoplexy the Thirteenth of December 1574. Amurath III. Son of Selim II. began to Reign about the end of the year 1574. He presently put to death five of his Brothers according to the Cruel custom of the Ottomans and refused to prolong with the Emperor Maximilian II. the Truce which he had concluded with Selim II. He took Tauris which he Plundered and defeated the Marovites and Drus of Mount Libanus After that he made a powerful Invasion into the Country of the Croats who were worsted at first but they afterwards killed Ten thousand Turks and obliged the rest to let them live in quiet Amurath died at Constantinople the 18th of January 1595. at the Age of Forty eight Mahomet III. Son of Amurath III. began his Reign in the year 1595. by the death of One and Twenty of his Brothers and Ten of his Fathers Wives whom he left with Child and whom he caused to be thrown into the Sea. He never was at the Head of his Army but once The Christians under the Conduct of Count Mansfield took Strigonium Alba-Regalis under the Command of the Duke of Mercaur in the year 1601. and the Lower Town of Buda under the Arch-Duke of Austria He lost the Forts of Vice grad Balbocz Petrinia Haduan Palota and Vesprin and on the other side the Knights of Malta seized Lepanto The Armies of Mahomet were beaten by the Vaivod of Walachia and by the Prince of Transilvania who defeated Sinan Basha and so Moldavia Walaohia and Transilvania shook off the Ottoman yoke The Turks on the other hand had some advantages and re-took two or three Towns as Pest Canisa and Alba-Regalis but that was not comparable to their losses Mahomet demanded Peace of the Christians who refused it He was an Infamous Man so plunged into Debauchery that neither domestick Disorders nor Forreign Wars could ever make him forsake it that made the Janisaries mutiny to pacifie whom Mahomet was forced to deliver up his greatest Friends to their Rage and pretended to banish his Mother who was thought to be the cause of all the Calamities of the State. He caused his eldest Son to be Strangled and
Father The Huns made another Irruption into Pannonia about the Year 744. under the Conduct o◠one named Amie who had Arphad for his Successor These gave the name to Hungary Sultan one of the issue of that Arphad was as it is said the Father of Toxa or Toxis and this Man begot Geiza the Father of St. Stephen with whom I shall begin the Chronological Succession of the Kings of Hungary He was Crowned in the year 1000. or 1020. according to others Since that time the Hungarians had Kings who governed them peaceably enough until after the Death of Loüis called the Great whose Daughter and Heiress Marie was Married to the Emperour Sigismond of Luxemburg but his Government displeasing them they called in Charles de Duras King of Naples and Stephen Vaivod of Transilvania who had his recourse to Bajazet the First Emperour of the Turks from thence began the Miseries of that Kingdom which since the year 1394. hath been always almost the seat of War and became a Prey to the Turks and especially under Amurath Solyman and others The Kingdom of Hungary is partly possessed by the House of Austria and partly by the Infidels The former rendred it Hereditary after the Death of Loüis the Young who perished at the Battle of Mohacs in the year 1526. John de Zapol Count of Scepua was saluted King by part of the Hungarians and Ferdinand of Austria by the rest who carried it from his Competitor The Estates of this Kingdom are divided into four Bodies 1. The Clergy 2. The Barons 3. The Nobles 4. The Royal and Free Towns. The Religion of it is divided and the Manners of the People odd The Hungarians were converted to the Faith by Gisle Sister to St. Henry who married their King St. Stephen CHAP. IV. A Chronological Succession of the Kings of Hungary IN the year 1000. or 1020. St. Stephen died in 1038.   years months 1038. Peter the German reigned 4 0 1042. Ovon or Aban 2 0 1044. Peter the German restor'd 2 0 1046. Andrew I. 15 0 1061. Bela I. 2 0 1063. Salomon 11 0 1074. Geiza or Gezcza I. 3 0 1077. Ladislaus I. 7 0 1095 Coloman or Colan 19 0 1114. Stephen II. 18 0 1132. Bela II. 9 0 1141. Geiza II. 20 0 1161. Stephen III. 11 0 1172. Ladislaus the Usurper 0 6 1172. Stephen IV. 0 5 1173. Bela III. 23 0 1193. Emeri 8 0 1204. Ladislaus II. 0 6 1205. Andrew II. called of Jerushalem 30 0 1235. Bela IV. 25 0 1260. Stephen V. 12 0 1272. Ladislaus III. 18 0 1290. Andrew III. called the Venetian 11 0  Charles I. called Martel   1301. Wenceslaus 0 0 1305. Otho 0 0 1310. Charles Robert or Charobert 32 0 1342. Loüis I. 40 0 1382. Marie 0 0 1383. Charles III. called the Little 0 3 1387. Sigismond 51 0 1438. Albert of Austria 0 2 1440. Ladislaus IV. 0 4 1445. John Corvin called Huniades 0 8 1452. Ladislaus V. 0 6 1458. Matthias Corvin 0 2 1490. Ladislaus VI. 25 0 1516. Loüis II. called the Young 11 0 1526. John de Zapol 0 0 1540. John Stephen or Sigismond 0 0 1527. Ferdinand I. 37 0 1564. Maximilian I. 12 0 1576. Rodolph 36 0 1612. Matthias 0 7 1619. Ferdinand II. 18 9 1637. Ferdinand III. called Earnest 20 0 Ferdinand Francis Elected 1647. 1657. Leopold Ignatius chosen in the Life of his Father Ferdinand the III. in the year 1655. The Author has not here observed the precise year of the Election of these Princes but the year their Reign began CHAP. V. Of the Authors that speak of Hungary THE chief are Bonfinius Eneas Sylvius Bizar Philippus Callimachus Experieus Cellarius Dillichius Poretius Estuanfus Sambuch Schodel Peter Ranzan Melchior Soiter Ciaconius Stuarth Roger who hath Published a Volume of Hungarian Writers Tharosius the Authors of the Historys of Germany Poland and Naples Thevet and Paulus Jovius on Matthias Corvinus and Huniades St. Antonin Blondus Daviti the Fables of the Kings of Hungary Mercator Ortelius Maginus Cluverius Brietius Samson Du Val Boissard Volateran Du May's Description of the War of Hungary Szenkely Chron Ferrarii St. Baudrand Lexic Geog. c. CHAP. VI. Of the Towns of Upper Hungary and their Description THE Kingdom of Hungary as we have said is divided into the Upper and Lower Hungary the Towns of the Upper Hungary are these that follow PRESBOURG This Town lies upon the Danube and is the Capital City of the Upper Hungary and of all that belongs to the Emperor within that Kingdom It gives it's Name to a County which is a Province of Hungary betwixt Moravia Austria and the Danube the Latin Authors call it Posonium and Flexum and those of the Country Poson This place is eight Leagues from Vienna in Austria and as far from Newheusel and Comorra it is Fortified with a considerable Castle against the Incursions of the Turks which is mentioned by the Author of the German Itinerary in this manner Lib. 5. Hic ubi Posonium consurgit turribus altis Limes Teutonicis Hungariisque viris The Authors of the Hungarian History which are bound up in one Volume speak of Presbourg as well as Cluverius Ortelius and Samson it hath the Title of an Arch-Bishoprick and in the Cathedral-Church which is partly possessed by the Fathers Jesuits the Body of St. John Bishop of Alexandra is held in great Veneration Pope Clement the Fifth being informed that the Hungarians were in Arms and would not submit to Charles Martel Son to Charles II. King of Naples thought himself obliged to send a Legat thither either for composing these Disorders or strengthening the Party of the Lawful Soveraign For that effect he pitched upon Gentil de Monteffiore whose Merit had raised him from a Franciscan Frier to the Dignity of a Cardinal and who acquitted himself extraordinarily well in his Commission At first he used all ways of Mildness but finding them to be unprofitable he employed Ecclesiastical Censures and reclaimed the Hungarians to their Duty He celebrated a Council at Presbourg in the year 1309. Where sound Cannons were made which were afterwards approved by the Pope In this Town there are a great many Houses built after the Italian manner which contribute much to the Beauty thereof NITRIA Nitria or Nitracht a Town in the Upper Hungary is the Seat of a Bishop Suffragan to the Arch-bishop of Gran and has it's Name from the River it lyes upon which it gives to a County whereof it is the Capital It is under the Jurisdiction of Newheusel being five Leagues distant from it and ten from Presbourg and continued always subject to the Emperour NEWHEUSEL The people of the Country call it Owar and the Latin Authors Neoselium it lyes upon the River of Nitria or Nitrach two Leagues from Comorra upon the Danube It is but a small Town but very well seated and the chief Town of a large Country the Turks took it in the year 1663. And the Emperours Army having
Charles V. after the overthrow of Loüis the Young in the Plain of Mohacz was proclaimed King of Hungary by Stephen Bathori Palatin of the Kingdom and by the sounder part of the Nobility John Zapoliha Vaivod of Transilvania having been before tumultuarily elected by the rest The same year Ferdinand made himselt Master of the greatest part of the Kingdom and of Buda the Capital City of which he made Thomas Nadasti Governour until the year 1529. that Solyman took it by the Treachery of the Garrison and shortly after laid siege to Vienna which he was forced shamefully to raise after he had made many Bâ—oody Assaults From whence retreating to Buda he re-established John Vaivod of Transilvania in the Kingdom having left in Buda Gritti a Renegado with three Thousand Janisaries to defend it in Name of the Vaivod Afterwards Ferdinand King of Bohemia made General Rogendorf besiege it in the year 1530. but in vain In the year 1540. he commanded his General Leonard Fessius to Besiege it a second time having first possest himself of the Forts of Vicegrad Vaccia and Pest and John Zapoliha being dead the year before who left for his Successor John Sigismond a Pupil under the tuition of the Princess Isabel his Mother and George Monck but Fessius having there endured the fatigues of a long and troublesom Siege was again obliged to draw off In the year 1541. General Rogendorf renewed the Siege again a Third time but upon the coming of Solyman he thought it best to retreat In the mean time that Ottoman Prince surprised the Town by Cunning drove the young Prince and his Mother out of it and sent them to Reign in Transilvania publishing that he would keep it until John Sigismond the Son of John Zapoliha the Usurper were of Age. In the year 1542. the Marquess of Brandebourgh made as if he intended to Besiege Buda and in that design marched towards it He attacked Pest on his march but in vain and retreated without any success The Count of Swartzenbourgh haing in the Month of March 1598. by a Wonderful Stratagem retaken Javarin or Raab from the Turks marched the same year in the Month of October under the Auspices of the Archduke Matthias and laid Siege to Buda which after thirty days Attack he was forced to raise because of the continual Rains And it is remarkable that the Turks who at the same time Besieged the Town of Waradin in Transilvania were likewise obliged to quit their Enterprise for the same Reason The Christians again attacked that Town in the year 1602 under General Roswurm but having ruined the Bridge ever the Danube and possessed the Town of Pest the Rigour of the Season obliged them to desist from their Design The Duke of Lorrain Generalissimo of the Imperial Armies attempted the Siege of the same place having first made himself Master of the Castle of Vicegrad Vaccia and Pest and thrice defeated the Ottoman Army but the Season being too far advanced that he might not endanger the Army he thought it convenient to raise the Siege in the Month of October 1684. The Council of Buda Philip Bishop of Fermo of the holy See being sent by Nicholas III. for treating some important Affairs with Ladislaus III. King of Hungary in the year 1279. celebrated a Council at Buda the Constitutions whereof to the Number of Thirty six Oldericus Rainaldus hath put at the end of the 14. Tome of the Ecclesiastical Annals Churches or Funf-Kerken and some other places burnt Siget and besieged Canisa which he would have infallibly taken had the Succours that were promised him been sent to him The Grand Visier having Intelligence of that siege advanced with a great Army made him raise it and then took Fort Serini which was afterwards demolished little Gomora and other Places VICEGRAD The Latins call it Vissegradia and the Germans Plindenburg It is a strong Town built upon a very high Rock the Danube running by the Foot of it and lies above Buda and below Strigonium In this place there is a Castle upon a little Hill where the Abbey of Pily stands also Heretofore the Crown of Hungary was kept there that Town in former times having been the place of Residence of the Kings of Hungary and the Remains of the Ruines of a very stately Building of Free Stone are still to be seen there The Forces of the Arch-Duke Matthias re-took that place in the Reign of Mahomet III. But the Heydukes committed a piece of the greatest Treachery imaginable and delivered it up into the hands of the Turks in the time of Sultan Achmet Charles King of Naples who was also proclaimed King of Hungary having been wounded in the Head by Forchatz was carried into that Castle where under pretext of applying a Plaister to his Head they strangled him The Crown of Hungary was heretofore kept at Vicegrad but the Turks having advanced so far it was thought safer to put it into the Castle of Presbourg This Crown is of a pretty singular shape for it is very low and hath a Cross on the top with four leaves that go compleatly round it of which one is as big as the other three or at least as two of them It is infinitely esteemed by the Hungarians because they believe that an Angel brought it to their King St. Stephen and the most August Emperour Leopold who reigns at present is the two and fourtieth King that hath been crowned with that Crown S. MARTINSBERG Is a pretty handsom Town and a very strong place seated on the Top of a very high Hill from whence all the Countrey about may be discovered It lies betwixt the Fort of Raab and the Town of Dotis DOTIS Dotis Tata or Theodata is but four Leagues from Comora it hath a Castle with Ditches round it and not far from thence there are some natural Baths It lies betwixt S. Martinsberg and the Danube hath been often taken and re-taken and belongs to his Imperial Majesty The Count of Salms General of the Imperial Army took it in the year 1565. with the Town of Vesprim VESPRIM In Latin Vesprinium and in High-Dutch Weisbrun is a little pretty strong Town lying near the head of the River Sarwis and the Lake Balaton eleven Leagues from Strigonium and five from Alba Regalis being the Seat of a Bishop Suffragan to Strigonium it is the capital of the County of its Name and hath a strong Castle upon the top of a little Hill belonging to his Imperial Majesty The Count of Salms took it in the year 1565. with the Town of Dotis PAPA A little Town but strong defended by a Castle and lying in the County of Vesprim upon the River of Malchaltz it belongs to the Emperour SARWAR This place lyes upon the Raab betwixt Papa and Sabaria under Obedience to the Emperour having been re-taken in the year 1567. SABARIA Is an Ancient Town in the County of Iron Castle lying at the concourse of the two Rivers of Guntz and Regnitz
also and heretofore he had the Rents of the two Isles on the Coast of Dalmatia which now are possessed by the Venetians In short so great is his Authority that right or wrong the Hungarians obey his Will and follow his Resolutions and it is a Dignity that cannot be given to Strangers but belongs only to the Hungarians who many times oppose their King by means of that Magistrate It is not an Hereditary but Elective Office. Here I shall mention those who in this last Age have been Chosen to that Dignity 1. Stephen Illishazi Count of Trenschin Palatine of Hungary chosen in the year 1601. died at Vienna the 26. of May 1609. 2. George Turso Palatine of Hungary chosen the Seventh of December 1609. 3. Sigismond Forgatz of Guymes 1619. 4. Nicholas Count of Esterhazi of Galantha and Frakno Palatine of the Kingdom of Hungary made Knight of the Golden Fleece in the year 1628. Deceased in the year 1645. 5. Nicholas Draskowich Count of Trakostyan and of the County of Massovia Gentleman of the Bed Chamber to his Imperial Majesty in his Royal Court of Hungary chosen Palatine in 1646. he died the Ninth of August 1648. 6. Paul Palfi Count of Erbent and Plaffenstein Palatine of the Kingdom of Hungary was made Knight of the Golden Fleece in the year 1650. he died in 1654. 7. Francis Count Wesselini of Hadad Hereditary of Muran Palatine of Hungary made Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in the year 1662. he died in 1667. 8. Paul Count of Esterhazi Galantha Frackno and Sopronica Palatine of Hungary made Knight of the Golden Fleece in the year 1682. Counsellor and Chamberlain to the Emperor in his Royal Court of Hungary at present Palatine of that Kingdom CHAP. XIII Of the Arms of the Kingdom of Hungary and in what manner the Kings have born them THE Kingdom of Hungary bears Barry of eight pieces Argent and Gules Prince Sigismond King of Bohemia having Married Mary Daughter and Heiress of Loüis of Hungary was in right of her King of Hungary and afterwards Emperor He joyned the Arms of Hungary and Bohemia which he bore upon the Eagle of the Empire empaling those of Hungary with a double Cross of St. Stephen which is preserved with his Coat of Arms and Sword used in the Ceremony of the Coronation of these Kings In his Coyn of Gold there is a Reverse of the Globe of the Earth Crowned with an Imperial Crown which the Emperours at present place over their Arms. John and Matthias Corvinus who were Kings after him bore quarterly the Arms of Hungary the Cross of St. Stephen those of Dalmatia and Bohemia and upon all those the Arms of Corvin In this manner they have been found upon a Prayer Book in Velom which belonged to Matthias Corvinus and is kept in the Bibliotheke of the Vatican On the first page they are disposed in this manner quarterly 1. Hungary Barry Argent and Gules 2. Gules a Cross double Argent placed upon a Tuff of Earth vert consisting of three little Hills 3. Dalmatia Azure three Leopards Heads couped and Crowned Or. 4. Bohemia Gules a Lion Argent his tail forked nowed and passed in Saltier Crowned langued and Armed Or upon all the Arms of Corvin which is Or a Crow conturned Sable the head returning back to the right-hand in his Beak a double long Cross placed in Bend. Loüis King of Hungary Knight of the Golden Fleece Son of Ladislaus King of Hungary and Bohemia bore quarterly the 1. and 4. Hungary the 2. and 3. Bohemia Gules a Lion Argent with a double tail langued and Armed Or upon these the Arms of Poland The Helmet Crowned Or and the crest an Eagle nascent After them this Kingdom entered into the House of Austria which joyned the Arms of both together The Arch-Dukes who have born so many Quarterings in their Escutcheons have born a chief empaling Hungary and Bohemia Ferdinand the Brother of Charles the Fifth King of the Romans and afterwards Emperor bore a great Escutcheon quartered of Hungary and Bohemia upon which he placed another less Escutcheon quarterly upon the 1. Austria and Ancient Burgundy empaled 2. Quarterly of Castille and Leon Upon the 3. Arragon empaled with Sicily Upon the 4. partie per fess Lorrain upon Brabant Upon all another little Escutcheon empaling Guelders and Juliers two Lions confronting one another the Eagle of the Empire was displayed behind the great Escutcheon encompassed with a Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece Rodolph II. during the Diet of Ausbourg coyned a piece of Silver or Medal in the Middle whereof was the Eagle of the Empire Crowned with an Imperial Crown and collered with an open Crown supporting an Escutcheon quarterly of Hungary and Bohemia with another over all empaleing Austria and Ancient Burgundy About this Medal or Coin instead of an Inscription were Four and Twenty little Escutcheons of the Arms of Castillo Leon Arragon Sicily Granada Carniola Carinthia Swabia Cellembourgh Braganza the Mark of Sclavonia Portuan Habsbourg Tyrol Brabant Flanders Nybourg Alsatia Holland the Mark of the Holy Empire or Antwerp Croatia Sclavonia and Dalmatia One may judge how much in the progress of time the Kings of Hungary enlarged their Country not so much by what may be found in History as by what is to be seen at their Coronation For there are Twelve of the Chief of the Kingdom who carry each of them a Banner wherein are represented the Arms of Ten Provinces of that Kingdom which are Hungary Dalmatia Vert. Three Leopards Faces Or. Croatia Chequey Argent and Gules of Eight Ranges Sclavonia Or a Cardinals Cap Sable bordered Gules the Strings Pendant of the same Galicia Russia Sables a Portal open with an Ascent of two Steps Or. Servia Bulgaria Bosnia Azure an Arm armed Or holding in the hand a Sword Argent the point upwards Ludormiria CHAP. XIV Of the Memorable Battels that have been fought in Hungary ROMAN BATTLES THE Inhabitants of Hungary have had in Ages past many Brushes with the Romans and fought several Battles with them that which was given in the Neighbourhood of Adom a Town of the Lower Hungary upon the Bank of the Danube was one of the Bloodiest The occasion of it was that at that time the Romans came to Seize the Country under the Conduct of Mocrinus and Tetricus but there they received an utter overthrow Some time after the Inhabitants of Hungary having recollected their Forces gave the Romans a Second Battle in the precincts of Solna wherein they again obtained the Victory and drove out the Romans though they lost on their side above Forty thousand of their own Souldiers THE BATTLE OF MOHACZ THAT unhappy Battle wherein Loüis King of Hungary lost his Life was fought the 30th of August 1526. in the plain of Mohacz a little Town of the Lower Hungary upon the River called Carasse close by the Danube betwixt Botesk and Esseck Solyman Emperor of the Turks being come into Hungary
with a powerful Army the Chief Commanders of the Hungarian Army perswaded the young King who being hardly Twenty years of Age was much wanting in Conduct and had not Forces sufficient to make head against the Turks to give them Battle without staying for the Succors that were to come to him from Transilvania They were puffed up with their former Victories and so swollen with a good Conceit of themselves that they â—hought none were able to stand against them and that their Reservedness might make the Hungarians enterâ—ain a bad opinion of the resolution of â—heir Army The Event answered â—he rashness of that Counsel for that â—ovely Army of the Hungarians consistâ—ng of the best part of the Nobility â—nd chief Forces of the Kingdom was â—outed and cut in pieces The King was â—ot killed in the Fight but his Horse â—hrew him into a Mire where he â—tuck and died after he had for a â—ong time fought Valiantly with the Barbarians on the other side of the Town His Body was found two Months after the Battle in the River â—f Czelepatuka and was interred in â—he Burying-place of the Kings in the City of Alba Regalis That unhappy â—efeat of the Christians and that â—ictory of the Turks occasioned in the â—equel the loss of the chief part of the â—ingdom of Hungary The Bishops â—hemselves aswell as the rest of â—he Clergy made it apparent in that Battle that they were very good Soldiers for the common Cause of Christendom for no fewer than six Bishops were killed in that fatal Overthrow and amongst them Paul Tomorie Archbishop of Colocza one of the chief who had advised the King to engage in that Battle His Head was carried to Solyman who called it a foolish Head and incapable of giving its Master good Council This is the Inscription that was made in memory of that fatal day Ludovicus solo nomine secundus Ad coronas natus non formatus Diadema Hungaricum secundo quarto aetatis Bohemicum Ut Immaturus acquisivit Ita maturè secum utrumque perdidit Foelicior si solus perire potuisset Eandem tamen cum Rege fatalis urna sortem Experire coacta Hungaria Ducenta suorum millia eodem luctu deploravit Luctuosum praevisorum malorum initium Lachrymabile futurorum dolorum argumentum THE BATTLE OF S. GODARD THis Battle was fought the first of August in the year 1664. at St. Godard betwixt Kermin and Canisa in the Lower Hungary In this place one half of the Turkish Army passed the River of Raab to attack the Imperialists but hardly were these Troops got over the River when without giving them time to entrench themselves the Imperial Forces under the Command of General Montecuculi being drawn up to receive them forced them to fight and utterly defeated the greatest part of the Turks the rest betook themselves shamefully to flight who crowding in great haste to re-pass the River threw themselves head-long into the Water and were carried away by the Stream so that the Rapidity of the River forcing along with it Men and Horses they were drowned in the deepest places it being certain that more perished in the Water than by the Sword And the Turks themselves acknowledged that they lost many more Men than the Gazets of Europe mentioned To which they added that their Histories did not speak of so great and so shameful a Disgrace happened to the Ottoman Empire since it had attained to so high a degree of Power as that Disaster was The Turks left above Eight Thousand Men upon the place and the Glory of the day to the Imperialists which was immediately followed by a Peace that the Turks proposed and greedily embraced of which these were the Conditions 1. That Transilvania should continue within its ancient Limits and with its ancient Priviledges under the Command of Prince Michael Abaffi 2. That the Emperour of Germany should have Liberty to fortifie Gutta and Nitra 3. That the Turks should make no Innovation in the Regulation made for the Frontiers as well of Hungary as of the other Territories of the Emperour 4. That Abaffi should pay six hundred Thousand Crowns to the Port for the Charges of the War. 5. That all Acts of Hostility betwixt the Emperour and Grand Signior and their Subjects should for ever cease 6. That the two Provinces of Zatmar and Zaboli given to Ragotzi for Life should again return to his Imperial Majesty and neither the Prince of Transilvania nor the Grand Signior pretend any Right to them 7. That the strong Castle of Zechelhyd which revolted from the Emperour should be demolished because neither Party would renounce their Pretentions to so important a place 8. That Waradin and Newheusel should remain in the Possession of the Turks who had carried them by their Arms. 9. That for Confirmation of the Peace the two Emperours should send Ambassadours to one another with reciprocal Presents of equal value THE BATTLE AND RELIEF OF VIENNA The 12th of September 1683. Instead of a Description of that happy day I shall here publish the Letter of the King of Poland written in Latin the Day after the Battle to the Marquess of Grana then Governour of the Netherlands with the Translation thereof nothing being more Authentick than the Contents of it JOHN III. By the Grace of God King of Poland Great Duke of Lithuania Russia Prussia Massovia Samogitia Livonia Kiovia Volhinia Podolia Poldachia Smalenscia Severia and Czernihovia ILlust me grate nobis dilecte Vocati in subsidium periclitantis Viennae lectis confestim militaribus Copiis quam angusti temporis spatio priùs viarum incommoda distantiam loci ripas Danubij demum cacumina montium saltus sylvarum Viennensium superaverimus famam distulisse non dubitamus Nobis vel id Illustritati Vestrae referre placet quòd sine injuria communis Christianorum solatij reticere non possumus Deo auspice Comite Serenissimorum Principum Ducum Electorum Fortunâ Christiani Exercitus quorum nobis cuncti detulerant Imperium die hesternâ in Campis praesentibus insignem saeculis memorandam de Turcis Tartaris reportarunt Victoriam Magnus quippe Turcarum Visirus integris Orientis Hanni Crimensium superbus viribus jam non Viennae duntaxat intra triduum ni subventum fuisset periturae sed universae Christianitatis spem deglutiens acie praelio unius diei coesus atque fugatus est Peditatus vulgò Janisseri utpote tardior militia aequalique cum Equestribus fugae insufficiens in Castris deserta Victorum relicta discretioni Castra ipsa longitudinem latitudinem duorum ferè milliarium exaequantia capta Tormenta atque integra res tormentaria cum opimis spoliis in praemium victricium cessêre armorum Vienna gravi obsidione extremis liberata periculis suaque sedes reddita Caesari Vlteriori Victoriae mox metam posuit ac turpi fugâ sese recipienti hoste terrore panico in Pannoniam monstrante viam umbra fuit beneficium
contudit Dejecit affectato Regno Palatinum Pragam recepit Subegit Bohemiam Moraviam pacavit In Hungaria Posonium Tirnaviam aliaque oppida Regi suo asseruit Denique dum ad Neosolium Infestam obsessorum eruptionem fortiter sustinens Equo quem in hostem admiserat longius trucidato Ipse sedecim vulneribus saucius Lanceâque ad extremum confossus Non finem vitae suae Sed melius auctius quam apud Mantinaeam Epaminondas Initium reperit ALTSOL Is a Town lying upon the same River of Gran lower than Newsol betwixt it and the Town of Cremnitz HERN-GRUNDT Is a little Town standing on a pretty high Ground though it be betwixt two Hills The place it stands on goes by the same Name and is but a mile from Newsol SCHEMNITZ The biggest of all the Towns in Hungary where there are Mines and in it there is a great deal of Silver found daily The Town is very well built hath three fair Churches and most part of the Inhabitants are Lutherans It hath also three Castles the first is the old Castle that stands in the Town where one may hear pretty pleasant Musick at six of the Clock in the morning and six at night which is performed by means of an Engine that they have found out The second is the new Castle built by a Lady who caused the Gibbet that stood upon a Hill to be removed and a stately Fabrick to be erected in place of it The third is upon the top of a very high Hill where there is always a Sentinel to discover the approach of the Turks and to give notice of it by firing a great Gun. The Streets lye upwards and downwards upon the side of the Hill and all the Country is very uneven CREMNITZ This is but a very little Town but hath large Suburbs and stands on very high Ground It is thought that St. John's Church which is pretty near it is built on the highest Ground of all Hungary It is the ancientest of all the Towns where Mines are and is also the richest of all the seven which are called Schemnitz Cremnitz Newsol Koninsbergs Bochantz Libeten and Tiln VIROVICHITZ Lying before the Isle of St. Andrew is a place in high Esteem for the lovely Vines and good Grapes that grow there Near it there is a demolished Stone Building upon the side of the Isle of St. Andrew where it is said that heretofore there was a Stone Bridge MAROS Is on the other side of Vicegrad near the Isle of St. Andrew It hath a very lovely Church and being a place that heretofore yielded voluntarily to the Turks the Christians are not much tormented there but only pay a yearly Tribute of very small Consequence PEST On the other side of the Danube towards the East is the Town of Pest that is square and seated in a very lovely Plain it looks very pretty from Buda because of its Walls and the Towers of its Mosques It gives the Name to all the Countrey about which therefore is called Comitatus Pesthiensis the County of Pest for Hungary is divided into Counties as well as England Betwixt this place and Buda there is a fair Bridge of Boats at least half a mile over it hath been taken and re-taken whereby it is much ruined and the Town of Buda which is over against it standing on an Eminence whereas this lies in a Plain so commands it that it can batter it down with great Guns unless on the side of the Gate of Agria which is covered by the Town The Imperial Forces took it in the year 1684. when they invested Buda but quitting that Siege they also abandoned Pest though now in this present year 1686. they have again made themselves Masters of it HADWAN Lies upon the Zagywe to the North of Pest and fortifyed with Earth but not so as that the Turks repose great assurance on it It was taken by the Christians in the year 1596. but afterwards abandoned to the Turks in the year 1603. and is not above six Leagues from Pest To close up the Description of the Towns of Upper Hungary I shall subjoin the Latin Epigram made upon the Revolt of the Towns that espoused the Party of Teckely EPIGRAMMA In septem Superioris Hungariae Fortalitia Duce Teckelio Caesari Rebellantia CAstrorum septem crudelis impia tellus Quid Dominum contra perfida colla levas Oblita es famulam saltem te agnosce parentem Hic tibi ni Princeps esset alumnus erat Divitiisnè tumes cecidit Campania dives An populo Marathon millia quanta premit Sed tibi fortè animos perjurus proditor auget Aspice quà m stultum stulta sequare Ducem Sit licet ille ferox sit bellare peritus Sit licet ille potens improba causa sua est Vincitur ut causâ pariter vincetur Armis Bella placent justo non nisi justa Deo. CHAP. VII Of the Towns of Lower Hungary BUDA BEfore the Turks invaded Hungary the City of Buda was the Metropolis of the Kingdom the Ancients called it Curta and the Germans Offen It is divided into the Upper and Lower Town lying upon the side of a Hill the Foot whereof is washed by the Danube which at that place is above half a mile over It hath a Bridge of Boats over it that joins the City of Buda to the little Town of Pest lying on the opposite side In Buda are to be seen the Ruines of several stately Palaces built heretofore by Matthias Corvinus King of Hungary and his Predecessours which the Turks neglect and let fall into decay This is a large fair and well built Town but ill peopled and hath hardly any Inhabitants but the Spahies and Janisaries of the Garrison which is always very numerous After the Death of John Zapol Count of Scepus and Elba King of Hungary his Widow Elisabeth of Poland and his Son Stephen called in the Turks to their Assistance against Ferdinand of Austria who was elected King. The Germans besieged Buda and the Turks having defeated them made themselves Masters of the Town under pretext of Friendship sending the Queen her Son and George Martinisius who had been chief Minister to the late King into Transilvania This Town is the Residence of a Beglerbey whose Authority extends over twenty Sangiacks The Bassa of Buda hath more Authority than the others have and the Garrison consists commonly of eight or ten Thousand Men. Some take it to be the Curta of Ptolomy and others for the Aguincum of the Itinerary of Antonine It is very hard to be positive as to that and all that can be said are but Conjectures But it is a Fable that the Brother of Attila built it and called it by his Name Budaeus For that Brother of Attila was named Bleda and not Budaeus as the Fabulous pretend Solyman rendered himself Master of Buda the 20eth of August 1526. and in the year 1527. Ferdinand I. King of Bohemia Brother to the Emperour