source_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n revenue_n arise_v from_o two_o source_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o country_n the_o country_n revenue_n be_v receive_v by_o oc_fw-la ya_fw-la pollatep_n according_a to_o some_o or_o vorethep_n according_a to_o mr._n gervase_n they_o be_v all_o reduce_v to_o the_o head_n follow_v 1._o on_o forty_o fathom_n square_a of_o cultivated_a land_n land_n his_o duty_n on_o cultivated_a land_n a_o mayon_n or_o quarter_n of_o a_o tical_a by_o year_n but_o this_o rent_n be_v divide_v with_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a where_o there_o be_v one_o and_o it_o be_v never_o well_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n on_o the_o frontier_n beside_o this_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v that_o whoever_o plough_v not_o his_o ground_n pay_v nothing_o though_o it_o be_v by_o his_o own_o negligence_n that_o he_o reap_v nothing_o but_o the_o present_a king_n of_o siam_n to_o force_v his_o subject_n to_o work_v have_v exact_v this_o duty_n from_o those_o that_o have_v possess_v land_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n although_o they_o omit_v to_o cultivate_v they_o yet_o this_o be_v execute_v only_o in_o the_o place_n where_o his_o authority_n be_v absolute_a he_o love_v nothing_o so_o much_o as_o to_o see_v stranger_n come_v to_o settle_v in_o his_o state_n there_o to_o manure_v those_o great_a uncultivated_a space_n which_o without_o comparison_n do_v make_v the_o most_o considerable_a part_n thereof_o in_o this_o case_n he_o will_v be_v liberal_a of_o untilled_a ground_n and_o of_o beast_n to_o cultivate_v they_o though_o they_o have_v be_v clear_v and_o prepare_v for_o tillage_n 2._o on_o boat_n or_o balon_n bo_n on_o bo_n the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n pay_v a_o tical_a for_o every_o fathom_n in_o length_n under_o this_o reign_n they_o have_v add_v that_o every_o balloon_n or_o boat_n above_o six_o cubit_n broad_a shall_v pay_v six_o tical_n and_o that_o foreigner_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o this_o duty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n this_o duty_n be_v levy_v like_o a_o kind_n of_o custom_n at_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o river_n and_o among_o other_o at_o tchainat_n four_o league_n above_o siam_n where_o all_o the_o stream_n unite_v 3._o custom_n on_o whatever_o be_v import_v or_o export_v by_o sea_n beside_o which_o custom_n custom_n the_o body_n of_o the_o ship_n pay_v something_o in_o proportion_n to_o its_o capacity_n like_o the_o balon_n 4._o on_z arak_fw-mi or_o rice-brandy_n or_o rather_o on_o every_o furnace_n where_o it_o be_v make_v arak_fw-mi on_z arak_fw-mi which_o they_o call_v taou-laou_a the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n do_v pay_v a_o tical_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la this_o duty_n have_v be_v double_v under_o this_o reign_n and_o be_v exact_v on_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n and_o on_o stranger_n alike_o it_o be_v likewise_o add_v that_o every_o seller_n of_o arak_fw-mi by_o re-tail_n shall_v pay_v a_o tical_a a_o year_n and_o every_o seller_n by_o wholesale_n a_o tical_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o every_o great_a pot_n the_o size_n of_o which_o i_o find_v no_o otherwise_o describe_v in_o the_o note_n which_o be_v give_v i_o 5._o on_o the_o fruit_n call_v durion_n for_o every_o tree_n already_o bear_v durion_n on_o durion_n or_o not_o bear_v fruit_n two_o mayon_n or_o half_a a_o tical_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la 6._o on_o every_o tree_n of_o betel_n a_o tical_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la betel_n on_o betel_n 7._o on_o every_o areky_a they_n former_o pay_v three_o nut_n of_o arek_n in_o kind_n arek_n on_o the_o arek_n under_o this_o reign_n they_o pay_v six_o 8._o revenue_n entire_o new_a or_o establish_v under_o this_o reign_n impost_n new_a impost_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n a_o certain_a duty_n on_o a_o school_n of_o recreation_n permit_v at_o siam_n the_o tribute_n which_o the_o ocya_a mien_n pay_v be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o ancient_a than_o the_o former_a in_o the_o second_o place_n on_o every_o coco-tree_n half_o a_o tical_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o in_o the_o three_o place_n on_o orange-tree_n mango-tree_n mangoustanier_n and_o pimentier_n for_o each_o a_o tical_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la there_o be_v no_o duty_n on_o pepper_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n will_v have_v his_o subject_n addict_v themselves_o more_o to_o plant_v it_o king_n a_o demesn_a reserve_v to_o the_o king_n 9_o this_o prince_n have_v in_o several_a place_n of_o his_o state_n some_o garden_n and_o land_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v cultivate_v as_o his_o particular_a demesn_a as_o well_o by_o his_o slave_n as_o by_o the_o six_o month_n service_n he_o cause_v the_o fruit_n to_o be_v gather_v and_o keep_v on_o the_o place_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o house_n and_o for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o his_o slave_n his_o elephant_n his_o horse_n and_o other_o cattle_n and_o the_o rest_n he_o sell_v 10._o a_o casual_a revenue_n be_v the_o present_n which_o this_o prince_n receive_v as_o well_o as_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o kingdom_n the_o legacy_n which_o the_o officer_n bequeath_v he_o at_o their_o death_n or_o which_o he_o take_v from_o their_o succession_n and_o in_o fine_a the_o extraordinary_a duty_n which_o he_o take_v from_o his_o subject_n on_o several_a occasion_n as_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o foreign_a ambassador_n to_o which_o the_o governor_n into_o who_o jurisdiction_n the_o ambassador_n do_v pass_v or_o sojourn_v be_v oblige_v to_o contribute_v and_o for_o the_o build_n of_o fort_n and_o other_o public_a work_n a_o expense_n which_o he_o levy_v on_o the_o people_n among_o who_o these_o work_n be_v make_v service_n confiscation_n and_o fines_n six_o month_n service_n 11._o the_o revenue_n of_o justice_n do_v donsi_v in_o confiscation_n and_o fines_n 12._o six_o month_n service_n of_o every_o one_o of_o his_o subject_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la a_o service_n which_o he_o or_o his_o officer_n frequent_o extend_v much_o further_a who_o alone_o discharge_v it_o from_o every_o thing_n and_o from_o which_o there_o remain_v to_o he_o a_o good_a increase_n for_o in_o certain_a place_n this_o service_n be_v convert_v into_o a_o payment_n make_v in_o rice_n or_o in_o sapan-wood_n or_o lignum-aloe_n or_o saltpetre_n or_o in_o elephant_n or_o in_o beast_n skin_n or_o in_o ivory_n or_o in_o other_o commodity_n and_o in_o fine_a this_o service_n be_v sometime_o esteem_v and_o pay_v in_o ready_a money_n and_o it_o be_v for_o the_o ready_a money_n that_o the_o rich_a be_v exempt_v ancient_o this_o service_n be_v esteem_v at_o a_o tical_a a_o month_n because_o that_o one_o tical_a be_v sufficient_a to_o maintain_v one_o man_n and_o this_o computation_n serve_v likewise_o as_o a_o assessment_n on_o the_o day_n labour_v of_o the_o workman_n which_o a_o particular_a person_n employ_v they_o amount_v to_o two_o ticals_n a_o month_n at_o least_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v reckon_v that_o a_o workman_n must_v in_o 6_o month_n gain_v his_o maintenance_n for_o the_o whole_a year_n see_v that_o he_o can_v get_v nothing_o the_o other_o six_o month_n that_o he_o serve_v the_o prince_n the_o prince_n now_o extort_v two_o tical_n a_o month_n for_o the_o exemption_n from_o the_o six_o month_n service_n casual_a commerce_n a_o revenue_n extraordinary_a or_o casual_a 13._o his_o other_o revenue_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o commerce_n which_o he_o exercise_v with_o his_o subject_n and_o foreigner_n he_o have_v carry_v it_o to_o such_o a_o degree_n that_o merchandise_n be_v now_o no_o more_o the_o trade_n of_o particular_a person_n at_o siam_n he_o be_v not_o content_v with_o sell_v by_o wholesale_n he_o have_v some_o shop_n in_o the_o bazar_n or_o market_n to_o sell_v by_o re-tail_n cotton-cloath_n cotton-cloath_n the_o principal_a thing_n that_o he_o sell_v to_o his_o subject_n be_v cotton-cloath_n he_o send_v they_o into_o his_o magazine_n of_o the_o province_n heretofore_o his_o predecessor_n and_o he_o send_v they_o thither_o only_o every_o ten_o year_n and_o a_o moderate_a quantity_n which_o be_v sell_v particular_a person_n have_v liberty_n to_o make_v commerce_n thereof_o now_o he_o continual_o furnish_v they_o he_o have_v in_o his_o magazine_n more_o than_o he_o can_v possible_o sell_v and_o it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o to_o vend_n more_o that_o he_o have_v force_v his_o subject_n to_o clothe_v their_o child_n before_o the_o accustom_a age._n before_o the_o hollander_n come_v into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o laos_n and_o into_o other_o adjacent_a the_o king_n of_o siam_n do_v there_o make_v the_o whole_a commerce_n of_o linen_n with_o a_o considerable_a profit_n tin_n the_o calin_n or_o tin_n all_o the_o calin_n be_v he_o and_o he_o sell_v it_o as_o well_o to_o stranger_n as_o to_o his_o own_o subject_n except_v that_o which_o be_v dug_n out_o of_o the_o mine_n of_o jonsalam_n on_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n for_o this_o be_v a_o
this_o be_v thus_o practise_v in_o all_o the_o court_n of_o asia_n but_o it_o be_v not_o true_a neither_o at_o siam_n nor_o perhaps_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o east_n that_o the_o queen_n have_v any_o province_n to_o govern_v it_o be_v easy_a also_o to_o comprehend_v that_o if_o the_o king_n love_v any_o of_o his_o lady_n more_o than_o the_o rest_n he_o cause_v she_o to_o remove_v from_o the_o jealousy_n and_o harsh_a usage_n of_o the_o queen_n at_o siam_n they_o continual_o take_v lady_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o vang_z please_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n take_v the_o daughter_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o his_o palace_n when_o he_o please_v or_o to_o be_v concubine_n to_o the_o king_n if_o this_o prince_n make_v use_v thereof_o but_o the_o siamese_n deliver_v up_o their_o daughter_n only_o by_o force_n because_o it_o be_v never_o to_o see_v they_o again_o and_o they_o redeem_v they_o so_o long_o as_o they_o can_v for_o money_n so_o that_o this_o become_v a_o kind_n of_o extortion_n for_o they_o design_o take_v a_o great_a many_o virgin_n mere_o to_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o parent_n who_o redeem_v they_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v few_o mistress_n that_o be_v to_o say_v eight_o or_o ten_o in_o all_o ministress_n he_o have_v few_o ministress_n not_o out_o of_o continency_n but_o parsimony_n i_o have_v already_o declare_v that_o to_o have_v a_o great_a many_o wife_n be_v in_o this_o country_n rather_o magnificence_n than_o debauchery_n wherefore_o they_o be_v very_o much_o surprise_v to_o hear_v that_o so_o great_a a_o king_n as_o we_o have_v no_o more_o than_o one_o wife_n that_o he_o have_v no_o elephant_n and_o that_o his_o land_n bear_v no_o rice_n as_o we_o may_v be_v when_o it_o be_v tell_v we_o that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v no_o horse_n nor_o stand_a force_n and_o that_o his_o country_n bear_v no_o corn_n nor_o grape_n although_o all_o the_o relation_n do_v so_o high_o extol_v the_o riches_n and_o power_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n the_o queen_n have_v her_o elephant_n and_o her_o balon_n house_n the_o queen_n house_n and_o some_o officer_n to_o take_v care_n of_o she_o and_o accompany_v she_o when_o she_o go_v abroad_o but_o none_o but_o her_o woman_n and_o eunuch_n do_v see_v she_o she_o be_v conceal_v from_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n and_o when_o she_o go_v out_o either_o on_o a_o elephant_n or_o in_o a_o balloon_n it_o be_v in_o a_o chair_n make_v up_o with_o curtain_n which_o permit_v she_o to_o see_v what_o she_o please_v and_o do_v prevent_v she_o be_v see_v and_o respect_v command_n that_o if_o they_o can_v avoid_v she_o they_o shall_v turn_v their_o back_n to_o she_o by_o prostrate_v themselves_o when_o she_o pass_v along_o beside_o this_o she_o have_v her_o magazine_n her_o ship_n and_o her_o treasure_n ship_n her_o magazine_n and_o her_o ship_n she_o exercise_v commerce_n and_o when_o we_o arrive_v in_o this_o country_n the_o princess_n who_o i_o have_v report_v to_o be_v treat_v like_o a_o queen_n be_v exceed_o embroil_v with_o the_o king_n her_o father_n because_o that_o he_o reserve_v to_o himself_o alone_o almost_o all_o the_o foreign_a trade_n and_o that_o thereby_o she_o find_v herself_o deprive_v thereof_o contrary_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n daughter_n succeed_v not_o to_o the_o crown_n they_o be_v hardly_o look_v upon_o as_o free_v uncertain_a of_o the_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o cause_n which_o render_v it_o uncertain_a it_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o queen_n that_o ought_v always_o to_o succeed_v by_o the_o law_n nevertheless_o because_o that_o the_o siamese_n can_v hardly_o conceive_v that_o among_o prince_n of_o near_a the_o same_o rank_n the_o most_o aged_a shall_v prostrate_v himself_o before_o the_o young_a it_o frequent_o happen_v that_o among_o brethren_n though_o they_o be_v not_o all_o son_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o that_o among_o uncle_n and_o nephew_n the_o most_o advance_a in_o age_n be_v prefer_v or_o rather_o it_o be_v force_v which_o always_o decide_v it_o the_o king_n themselves_o contribute_v to_o render_v the_o royal_a succession_n uncertain_a because_o that_o instead_o of_o choose_v for_o their_o successor_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o queen_n they_o most_o frequent_o follow_v the_o inclination_n which_o they_o have_v for_o the_o son_n of_o some_o one_o of_o their_o concubine_n with_o who_o they_o be_v enamour_a bantam_n the_o occasion_n which_o tender_v the_o hollander_n master_n of_o bantam_n it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o the_o king_n of_o bantam_n for_o example_n have_v lose_v his_o crown_n and_o his_o liberty_n he_o endeavour_v to_o get_v one_o of_o his_o son_n who_o he_o have_v by_o one_o of_o his_o concubine_n to_o be_v acknowledge_v for_o his_o successor_n before_o his_o death_n and_o the_o elder_a son_n which_o he_o have_v by_o the_o queen_n put_v himself_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o hollander_n they_o set_v he_o upon_o the_o throne_n after_o have_v vanquish_v his_o father_n who_o they_o still_o keep_v in_o prison_n if_o he_o be_v not_o dead_a but_o for_o the_o reward_n of_o this_o service_n they_o remain_v master_n of_o the_o port_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a commerce_n of_o bantam_n china_n of_o the_o succession_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n the_o succession_n be_v not_o better_o regulate_v at_o china_n though_o there_o be_v a_o express_a and_o very_a ancient_a law_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o queen_n but_o what_o rule_n can_v there_o be_v in_o a_o thing_n how_o important_a soever_o it_o be_v when_o the_o passion_n of_o the_o king_n do_v always_o seek_v to_o imbroil_v it_o all_o the_o oriental_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o governor_n adhere_v most_o to_o the_o royal_a family_n and_o not_o to_o a_o certain_a prince_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n uncertain_a in_o the_o sole_a thing_n wherein_o all_o the_o european_n be_v not_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n we_o vary_v every_o day_n and_o they_o never_o do_v always_o the_o same_o manner_n among_o they_o always_o the_o same_o law_n the_o same_o religion_n the_o same_o worship_n as_o may_v be_v judge_v by_o compare_v what_o the_o ancient_n have_v write_v concern_v the_o indian_n with_o what_o we_o do_v now_o see_v wardrobe_n of_o the_o king_n of_o siams_n wardrobe_n i_o have_v say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o woman_n of_o the_o palace_n which_o dress_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n but_o they_o have_v no_o charge_n of_o his_o wardrobe_n he_o have_v officer_n on_o purpose_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o all_o be_v he_o that_o touch_v his_o bonnet_n although_o he_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o put_v it_o upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o king_n his_o master_n it_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n of_o camboya_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n boast_v in_o be_v thence_o descend_v not_o be_v able_a to_o vaunt_v in_o be_v of_o the_o race_n of_o the_o king_n his_o predecessor_n the_o title_n of_o this_o master_n of_o the_o wardrobe_n be_v ocya_a out_o haya_n tan_v which_o sufficient_o evince_v that_o the_o title_n of_o pa-ya_a do_v not_o signify_v prince_n see_v that_o this_o prince_n wear_v it_o not_o under_o he_o oc-pra_a rayja_n vounsa_n have_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o clothes_n rayja_n or_o raja_n or_o ragi_n or_o ratcha_n be_v only_o a_o indian_a term_n various_o pronounce_v which_o signify_v king_n or_o royal_a and_o which_o enter_v into_o the_o composition_n of_o several_a name_n among_o the_o indian_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o court_n of_o siam_n and_o of_o the_o policy_n of_o its_o king_n council_n the_o hour_n of_o council_n the_o common_a usage_n of_o the_o court_n of_o siam_n be_v to_o hold_v a_o council_n twice_o a_o day_n about_o ten_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n and_o about_o ten_o in_o the_o evening_n reckon_v the_o hour_n after_o our_o fashion_n siamese_n the_o division_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n according_a to_o the_o siamese_n as_o for_o they_o they_o divide_v the_o day_n into_o twelve_o hour_n from_o the_o morning_n to_o the_o night_n the_o hour_n they_o call_v among_o they_o reckon_v they_o like_o we_o and_o give_v they_o not_o a_o particular_a name_n to_o each_o as_o the_o chineses_n do_v as_o for_o the_o night_n they_o divide_v it_o into_o four_o watch_n which_o they_o call_v tgiam_fw-la and_o it_o be_v always_o broad_a day_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o the_o latin_n greek_n jew_n and_o other_o people_n have_v divide_v the_o day_n and_o night_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n clock_n their_o clock_n the_o people_n of_o siam_n have_v no_o clock_n but_o as_o the_o day_n be_v almost_o equal_a there_o all_o the_o year_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o they_o to_o know_v what_o hour_n it_o be_v by_o
the_o other_o life_n with_o the_o fault_n which_o their_o child_n commit_v in_o this_o and_o especial_o with_o the_o great_a want_n of_o respect_n which_o it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o chineses_n towards_o their_o ancestor_n to_o change_v the_o law_n which_o they_o have_v leave_v they_o it_o be_v not_o therefore_o a_o vain_a ceremony_n that_o they_o mourn_v for_o three_o year_n with_o a_o extreme_a austerity_n and_o separate_v from_o all_o public_a employment_n which_o the_o chinese_n law_n do_v order_n child_n to_o observe_v at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o father_n and_o mother_n and_o from_o which_o they_o dispense_v not_o even_o their_o king_n they_o can_v too_o much_o imprint_v in_o their_o mind_n this_o respect_n which_o have_v always_o be_v their_o great_a support_n but_o what_o i_o most_o admire_v in_o the_o law_n of_o china_n be_v the_o care_n which_o they_o have_v take_v to_o form_v the_o moral_n see_v that_o it_o be_v only_o good_a manner_n which_o can_v maintain_v the_o law_n 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the_o husband_n of_o brethren_n and_o friend_n to_o each_o other_o of_o the_o king_n to_o his_o subject_n and_o of_o the_o subject_n to_o their_o king_n of_o the_o magistrate_n to_o the_o people_n and_o of_o the_o people_n to_o the_o magistrate_n in_o this_o book_n which_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o law_n the_o old_a man_n be_v consider_v as_o the_o father_n of_o all_o the_o people_n and_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o the_o orphan_n be_v there_o consider_v as_o his_o child_n and_o all_o the_o citizen_n as_o brethren_n among_o they_o father_n martinius_n report_v 352._o hist_o sin_n p._n 352._o that_o there_o be_v almost_o no_o humane_a action_n how_o small_a soever_o it_o be_v to_o which_o this_o book_n prescribe_v not_o law_n even_o to_o cause_v trouble_n for_o a_o exceed_a small_a particular_a i_o doubt_v not_o that_o all_o the_o european_n will_v judge_v like_o he_o if_o this_o book_n come_v to_o our_o knowledge_n but_o this_o be_v nevertheless_o a_o very_a ancient_a 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down_o at_o their_o table_n and_o above_o they_o their_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o the_o three_o year_n mourning_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o their_o father_n and_o their_o mother_n and_o to_o abstain_v during_o this_o time_n from_o the_o care_n of_o the_o government_n although_o perhaps_o this_o law_n have_v lose_v it_o vigour_n in_o the_o last_o time_n when_o china_n be_v as_o yet_o divide_v into_o little_a state_n which_o be_v as_o so_o many_o fief_n of_o this_o great_a empire_n ven-cum_a king_n of_o cin_n chase_v out_o of_o his_o little_a kingdom_n by_o his_o stepmother_n will_v not_o undertake_v a_o war_n to_o re-enter_v till_o he_o have_v mourn_v for_o his_o father_n three_o year_n they_o believe_v among_o other_o thing_n that_o their_o dead_a parent_n can_v shorten_v or_o prolong_v the_o life_n of_o their_o child_n they_o desire_v of_o they_o a_o long_a and_o happy_a life_n and_o upon_o this_o ridiculous_a ground_n they_o have_v in_o the_o same_o term_n with_o we_o this_o precept_n which_o we_o have_v from_o god_n himself_o and_o of_o which_o his_o eternal_a verity_n be_v protect_a unto_o we_o honour_v thy_o father_n and_o thy_o mother_n that_o thou_o may_v enjoy_v a_o long_a life_n xin_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o race_n cina_n have_v banish_v his_o mother_n for_o her_o incontinence_n and_o because_o that_o his_o adulterer_n make_v use_v of_o the_o favour_n of_o this_o princess_n to_o revolt_v and_o to_o assemble_v a_o great_a army_n be_v constrain_v by_o all_o his_o minister_n to_o recall_v she_o from_o exile_n although_o he_o have_v make_v himself_o king_n by_o force_n and_o that_o thereby_o he_o seem_v to_o be_v strong_a than_o the_o law_n hoei_fw-la the_o second_o king_n of_o the_o race_n hana_n have_v also_o a_o unchaste_a mother_n dare_v not_o to_o punish_v she_o but_o not_o be_v willing_a to_o reign_v and_o suffer_v her_o debauchery_n he_o abandon_v the_o government_n to_o she_o out_o of_o a_o extreme_a piety_n and_o plunge_v himself_o into_o debauchery_n so_o that_o hiaovu_v the_o six_o king_n of_o the_o same_o race_n put_v the_o queen_n his_o wife_n to_o death_n for_o fear_v of_o leave_v behind_o he_o a_o debauch_a widow_n and_o a_o mother_n incommodious_a to_o his_o successor_n i_o shall_v not_o end_v if_o i_o will_v relate_v all_o the_o example_n of_o the_o extreme_a respect_n which_o the_o chineses_n have_v for_o their_o father_n and_o for_o their_o mother_n i_o will_v add_v only_o that_o they_o change_v not_o their_o officer_n as_o they_o innovate_v nothing_o in_o their_o law_n they_o be_v instruct_v also_o not_o to_o have_v less_o respect_n for_o their_o governor_n than_o particular_a person_n have_v for_o their_o master_n their_o governor_n they_o call_v colao_n who_o they_o general_o make_v their_o chief_a minister_n as_o the_o grand_a signior_n call_v his_o grand_a vizier_n lala_n that_o be_v to_o say_v governor_n this_o respect_n be_v so_o entire_a among_o they_o that_o they_o chastise_v as_o i_o have_v say_v in_o some_o place_n of_o my_o relation_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o prince_n the_o presumptive_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o the_o fault_n which_o that_o prince_n commit_v and_o that_o there_o be_v find_v some_o prince_n who_o be_v become_v king_n have_v revenge_v their_o governor_n beside_o the_o colao_n who_o be_v the_o king_n be_v principal_a council_n he_o have_v other_o officer_n who_o sole_a function_n be_v to_o reprehend_v he_o public_o for_o his_o fault_n yuus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o race_n hiaa_n who_o according_a to_o their_o history_n begin_v to_o reign_v 2207_o year_n before_o jesus_n christ_n give_v full_a liberty_n to_o all_o good_a person_n to_o give_v he_o counsel_n and_o yet_o because_o that_o he_o find_v himself_o once_o reprove_v with_o too_o much_o sharpness_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o principal_a councillor_n he_o be_v so_o vex_v thereat_o that_o he_o have_v resolve_v to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n who_o have_v give_v he_o this_o affront_n but_o his_o wife_n appease_v he_o be_v adorn_v more_o than_o ordinary_a she_o present_v herself_o before_o he_o and_o as_o he_o be_v smite_v with_o this_o dress_n which_o in_o the_o perplexity_n wherein_o he_o be_v seem_v to_o he_o improper_a she_o tell_v he_o that_o she_o come_v to_o congratulate_v he_o for_o have_v in_o his_o court_n such_o courageous_a and_o faithful_a servant_n as_o dare_v to_o tell_v he_o the_o truth_n this_o liberty_n of_o admonish_v the_o prince_n pass_v afterward_o into_o a_o law_n there_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v some_o office_n purposely_o create_v for_o the_o exercise_v it_o yet_o without_o take_v it_o away_o from_o any_o other_o officer_n of_o state_n and_o the_o chineses_n have_v always_o be_v so_o jealous_a of_o this_o prerogative_n that_o several_a have_v die_v to_o maintain_v it_o and_o that_o there_o have_v be_v some_o example_n
the_o city_n of_o merguy_a lie_n on_o the_o north-west_n point_v of_o a_o great_a and_o populous_a island_n which_o at_o the_o extremity_n of_o its_o course_n form_v a_o very_a excellent_a river_n which_o the_o european_n have_v call_v tenasserim_n from_o the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n seat_v on_o its_o bank_n about_o 15_o league_n from_o the_o sea_n this_o river_n come_v from_o the_o north_n and_o after_o have_v pass_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ava_n and_o pegu_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o land_n under_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n jurisdiction_n it_o discharge_v itself_o by_o three_o channel_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n and_o form_n the_o island_n i_o have_v mention_v the_o port_n of_o merguy_a which_o some_o report_n to_o be_v the_o best_a in_o all_o india_n be_v between_o this_o isle_n and_o another_o that_o be_v inhabit_v and_o lie_v opposite_a and_o to_o the_o west_n of_o this_o wherein_o merguy_a be_v situate_v chap._n iii_o concern_v the_o history_n and_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o siamese_n history_n the_o siamese_n little_a curious_a of_o their_o history_n the_o siamese_n history_n be_v full_a of_o fable_n the_o book_n thereof_o be_v very_o scarce_o by_o reason_n the_o siamese_n have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o print_v for_o upon_o other_o account_n i_o doubt_v of_o the_o report_n that_o they_o affect_v to_o conceal_v their_o history_n see_v that_o the_o chinese_n who_o in_o many_o thing_n they_o imitate_v be_v not_o so_o jealous_a of_o they_o however_o that_o matter_n be_v notwithstanding_o this_o pretend_a jealousy_n of_o the_o siamese_n they_o who_o have_v attain_v to_o read_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o history_n of_o siam_n assert_v that_o it_o ascend_v not_o very_o high_a with_o any_o character_n of_o truth_n siamese_n the_o epocha_n of_o the_o siamese_n behold_v a_o very_a dry_a and_o insipid_a chronological_a abridgement_n which_o the_o siamese_n have_v give_v thereof_o but_o before_o we_o proceed_v it_o be_v necessary_a to_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o current_a year_n 1689_o begin_v it_o in_o the_o month_n of_o december_n 1688_o be_v the_o 2233_o of_o their_o aera_fw-la from_o which_o they_o date_n the_o epocha_n or_o beginning_n as_o they_o say_v from_o sommona-codom's_a death_n but_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o this_o epocha_n have_v quite_o another_o foundation_n which_o i_o shall_v afterward_o explain_v king_n their_o king_n their_o first_o king_n be_v name_v pra_fw-la poat_n honne_v sourittep-pennaratui_a sonanne_n bopitra_fw-la the_o chief_a place_n where_o he_o keep_v his_o court_n be_v call_v tchai_n pap_n mahanacon_n the_o situation_n of_o which_o i_o ignore_v and_o he_o begin_v to_o reign_v an._n 1300._o compute_v after_o their_o epocha_n ten_o other_o king_n succeed_v he_o the_o last_o of_o which_o name_v ipoja_n sanne_z thora_n thesma_n teperat_v remove_v his_o royal_a seat_n to_o the_o city_n of_o tasco_n nacora_n lovang_n which_o he_o have_v build_v the_o situation_n of_o which_o be_v also_o unknown_a to_o i_o the_o twelve_o king_n after_o he_o who_o name_n be_v pra_fw-la poa_n noome_n thele_n seri_fw-la oblige_v all_o his_o people_n in_o 1731_o to_o follow_v he_o to_o locintai_n a_o city_n seat_v on_o a_o river_n which_o descend_v from_o the_o mountain_n of_o laos_n and_o run_v into_o the_o menam_fw-la a_o little_a above_o porselouc_n from_o which_o locontai_n be_v between_o 40_o and_o 50_o league_n distant_a but_o this_o prince_n reside_v not_o always_o at_o locontai_n for_o he_o come_v and_o build_v and_o inhabit_v the_o city_n of_o pipeli_n on_o a_o river_n the_o mouth_n of_o which_o be_v about_o two_o league_n to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o most_o occidental_a mouth_n of_o menam_n four_o other_o king_n succeed_v he_o of_o which_o rhamatilondi_n the_o last_o of_o the_o four_o begin_v to_o build_v the_o city_n of_o siam_n in_o 1894_o and_o there_o establish_v his_o court._n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o allow_v to_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n the_o antiquity_n of_o 338_o year_n the_o king_n regent_n be_v the_o twenty_o five_o from_o rhamatilondi_n and_o this_o year_n 1689_o be_v the_o 56_o or_o 57_o year_n of_o his_o age_n thus_o do_v they_o reckon_v 52_o king_n in_o the_o space_n of_o 934_o year_n but_o not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o blood_n king_n the_o race_n of_o the_o present_a king_n mr._n gervaise_fw-fr in_o his_o natural_a and_o political_a history_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n give_v we_o the_o history_n of_o the_o now_o regent_n king_n father_n and_o van_n vliet_n give_v it_o we_o much_o more_o circumstanciate_v in_o his_o historical_a relation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n print_v at_o the_o end_n of_o sir_n thomas_n herbert_n travel_n into_o persia_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n thither_o to_o see_v a_o example_n of_o the_o revolution_n which_o be_v common_a at_o siam_n for_o this_o king_n who_o be_v not_o of_o the_o royal_a race_n though_o vliet_n assert_v the_o contrary_a take_v away_o the_o sceptre_n and_o life_n of_o his_o natural_a lord_n and_o put_v to_o death_n all_o the_o prince_n of_o their_o blood_n except_o two_o which_o be_v alive_a when_o vliet_n write_v but_o of_o who_o i_o can_v not_o learn_v any_o news_n without_o all_o doubt_n this_o usurper_n put_v they_o to_o death_n like_o the_o rest_n and_o in_o truth_n john_n struys_n in_o the_o first_o tome_n of_o his_o voyage_n assert_n that_o this_o be_v the_o fate_n of_o the_o last_o of_o these_o two_o prince_n who_o be_v alive_a in_o the_o year_n 1650_o and_o be_v then_o 20_o year_n old_a the_o tyrant_n put_v he_o to_o death_n that_o very_a year_n with_o one_o of_o his_o sister_n upon_o a_o accusation_n notorious_o false_a but_o a_o remarkable_a circumstance_n of_o the_o history_n of_o his_o usurpation_n be_v that_o enter_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n into_o the_o palace_n he_o force_v the_o king_n to_o quit_v it_o and_o fly_v into_o a_o temple_n for_o refuge_n and_o have_v drag_v this_o unfortunate_a prince_n out_o of_o this_o temple_n and_o carry_v he_o back_o a_o prisoner_n to_o the_o palace_n he_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v declare_v unworthy_a of_o the_o crown_n and_o government_n for_o have_v desert_v the_o palace_n to_o this_o usurper_n who_o die_v in_o 1657_o after_o a_o reign_n of_o 30_o year_n succeed_v his_o brother_n because_o his_o son_n can_v not_o or_o dare_v not_o then_o to_o dispute_v the_o crown_n with_o he_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o secure_v his_o life_n he_o seek_v a_o sanctuary_n in_o a_o cloister_n and_o clothe_v himself_o with_o the_o inviolable_a habit_n of_o a_o talapoin_n but_o he_o afterward_o so_o politic_o take_v his_o measure_n that_o he_o dispossess_v his_o uncle_n who_o fly_v from_o the_o palace_n on_o his_o elephant_n be_v slay_v by_o a_o portuguese_a with_o a_o musket_n ferdinand_n mendez_n pinto_n relate_v that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n siam_n another_o example_n of_o the_o revolution_n of_o siam_n who_o reign_v in_o 1547_o and_o to_o who_o he_o give_v great_a praise_n be_v poison_v by_o the_o queen_n his_o wife_n at_o his_o return_n from_o a_o military_a expedition_n this_o princess_n deliberate_v thus_o to_o prevent_v the_o vengeance_n of_o her_o husband_n by_o reason_n that_o during_o his_o absence_n she_o have_v maintain_v a_o amorous_a commerce_n by_o which_o she_o prove_v with_o child_n and_o this_o author_n add_v that_o she_o soon_o after_o destroy_v the_o king_n she_o own_o son_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o have_v the_o credit_n to_o get_v the_o crown_n set_v upon_o her_o lover_n head_n the_o 11_o of_o november_n 1548._o but_o in_o january_n 1549_o they_o be_v both_o assassinate_v in_o a_o temple_n and_o a_o bastard_n prince_n the_o brother_n and_o uncle_n of_o the_o two_o last_o king_n be_v take_v out_o of_o a_o cloister_n to_o be_v advance_v on_o the_o throne_n the_o crown_n of_o asia_n be_v always_o instable_n and_o those_o of_o india_n china_n and_o japan_n much_o more_o than_o the_o other_o as_o for_o what_o concern_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o siamese_n it_o will_v 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i_o i_o less_o wonder_v therefore_o at_o what_o the_o relation_n of_o china_n report_n that_o the_o sovereign_n of_o this_o great_a kingdom_n although_o he_o have_v bread_n do_v rather_o prefer_v rice_n yet_o some_o european_n assure_v i_o that_o the_o wheaten_a bread_n of_o siam_n be_v good_a and_o that_o the_o dryness_n of_o we_o must_v proceed_v from_o a_o little_a rice-flower_n which_o be_v doubtless_o mix_v with_o the_o wheat_n for_o fear_v perhaps_o lest_o the_o bread_n shall_v fail_v at_o siam_n i_o have_v see_v pease_n different_a from_o we_o the_o siamese_n like_o we_o grain_n other_o grain_n do_v make_v more_o than_o one_o crop_n but_o they_o make_v only_o one_o in_o a_o year_n upon_o the_o same_o land_n not_o that_o the_o soil_n be_v not_o good_a enough_o in_o my_o
favour_n of_o those_o that_o love_n to_o reason_n on_o philosophical_a matter_n the_o siamese_n do_v not_o give_v many_o form_n to_o their_o land_n reap_v the_o time_n of_o plough_v and_o reap_v they_o till_o they_o and_o sow_v they_o when_o the_o rain_n have_v sufficient_o soften_v they_o and_o they_o gather_v their_o harvest_n when_o the_o water_n be_v retire_v and_o sometime_o when_o they_o be_v yet_o remain_v on_o the_o ground_n and_o they_o can_v go_v only_o by_o boat_n all_o the_o land_n that_o be_v overflow_v be_v good_a for_o rice_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o ear_n always_o surmount_v the_o water_n and_o that_o if_o they_o increase_v a_o foot_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n the_o rice_n grow_v a_o foot_n also_o in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n but_o though_o it_o be_v aver_v that_o this_o happen_v sometime_o i_o can_v without_o much_o difficulty_n believe_v it_o in_o so_o vast_a a_o inundation_n and_o i_o rather_o conceive_v that_o when_o the_o inundation_n surmount_v the_o rice_n at_o any_o time_n it_o rot_v it_o they_o gather_v rice_n also_o in_o divers_a canton_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o the_o rain_n do_v not_o overflow_v and_o this_o be_v more_o substantial_a better_o relish_v and_o keep_v long_o rice_n another_o sort_n of_o rice_n when_o it_o have_v grow_v long_o enough_o in_o the_o land_n where_o it_o be_v sow_o it_o be_v transplant_v into_o another_o which_o be_v prepare_v after_o this_o manner_n they_o overflow_v it_o as_o we_o do_v the_o salt_n marsh_n until_o it_o be_v thorough_o soft_a and_o for_o this_o purpose_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v high_a cistern_n or_o rather_o to_o keep_v the_o rain-water_n in_o the_o field_n itself_o by_o little_a bank_n make_v all_o round_a then_o they_o let_v the_o water_n go_v to_o feed_v the_o land_n level_v it_o and_o in_o fine_a transplant_v the_o rice-root_n one_o after_o the_o other_o by_o thrust_v they_o in_o with_o the_o thumb_n i_o be_o great_o incline_v to_o believe_v siamese_n the_o original_n of_o agriculture_n with_o the_o siamese_n that_o the_o ancient_a siamese_n live_v only_o upon_o fruit_n and_o fish_n as_o still_o do_v several_a people_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n and_o that_o in_o process_n of_o time_n husbandry_n have_v be_v teach_v they_o by_o the_o chinese_n we_o read_v in_o the_o history_n of_o china_n that_o it_o be_v ancient_o the_o king_n himself_o that_o annual_o first_o set_v his_o hand_n to_o the_o plough_n in_o this_o great_a kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o the_o crop_n which_o his_o labour_n yield_v he_o he_o make_v the_o bread_n for_o the_o sacrifice_n the_o lawful_a king_n of_o tonquin_n and_o cochinchina_n together_o who_o be_v call_v the_o buado_n likewise_o observe_v this_o custom_n of_o first_o break_v up_o the_o land_n every_o year_n and_o of_o all_o the_o royal_a function_n this_o be_v almost_o the_o only_a one_o remain_v to_o he_o the_o most_o important_a be_v exercise_v by_o two_o hereditary_a governor_n the_o one_o of_o tonquin_n and_o the_o other_o of_o cochinchina_n who_o wage_n war_n and_o who_o be_v the_o true_a sovereign_n although_o they_o profess_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o bua_n which_o be_v at_o tonquin_n for_o their_o sovereign_n agriculture_n the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o siamese_n touch_v agriculture_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n do_v former_o also_o set_v his_o hand_n to_o the_o plough_n on_o a_o certain_a day_n of_o the_o year_n for_o about_o a_o age_n since_o and_o upon_o some_o superstitious_a observation_n of_o a_o bad_a omen_n he_o labour_v no_o more_o but_o leave_v this_o ceremony_n to_o a_o imaginary_a king_n which_o be_v purposely_o create_v every_o year_n yet_o they_o will_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o king_n but_o that_o of_o oc-ya-kaou_a or_o ocya_a of_o the_o rice_n he_o be_v mount_v upon_o a_o ox_n and_o ride_v to_o the_o place_n where_o he_o must_v plough_v attend_v with_o a_o great_a train_n of_o officer_n that_o be_v obedient_a to_o he_o this_o masquerade_n for_o one_o day_n get_v he_o wherewithal_o to_o live_v on_o the_o whole_a year_n and_o by_o the_o same_o superstition_n have_v deter_v the_o king_n themselves_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o ominous_a and_o unlucky_a to_o the_o person_n i_o suspect_v therefore_o that_o this_o custom_n of_o cause_v the_o land_n to_o be_v plough_v by_o the_o prince_n come_v from_o china_n to_o tonquin_n and_o siam_n with_o the_o art_n of_o husbandry_n together_o it_o be_v politic_a and_o superstitious_a both_o together_o it_o may_v perhaps_o have_v be_v invent_v only_o to_o gain_v credit_n to_o husbandry_n by_o the_o example_n of_o king_n themselves_o but_o it_o be_v intermix_v with_o a_o great_a many_o superstition_n to_o supplicate_v the_o good_a and_o evil_a spirit_n who_o they_o think_v able_a to_o help_v or_o hurt_v the_o good_n of_o the_o earth_n among_o other_o thing_n the_o oc-ya-kaou_a offer_v they_o a_o sacrifice_n in_o the_o open_a field_n of_o a_o heap_n of_o rice-sheave_n whereunto_o he_o set_v fire_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o garden_n of_o the_o siamese_n and_o occasional_o of_o their_o liquor_n potato_n their_o pulse_n and_o root_n the_o potato_n the_o siamese_n be_v not_o less_o addict_v to_o the_o manure_n of_o garden_n than_o to_o the_o plough_v of_o arable_a land_n they_o have_v pulse_n and_o root_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n different_a from_o we_o among_o the_o root_n the_o potato_n deserve_v a_o parcular_a mention_n it_o be_v of_o the_o form_n and_o size_n almost_o of_o a_o parsenep_n and_o the_o inside_n thereof_o be_v sometime_o white_a sometime_o red_a sometime_o purple_a but_o i_o never_o see_v any_o but_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v roast_v under_o the_o ash_n it_o eat_v like_o the_o chestnut_n the_o isle_n of_o america_n make_v it_o know_v to_o we_o it_o there_o frequent_o supply_v as_o some_o report_n the_o place_n of_o bread_n at_o siam_n i_o have_v see_v chibbol_n and_o no_o onion_n garlic_n turnip_n cucumber_n citrul_n water-melon_n parsley_n bawm_n sorrel_n they_o have_v no_o true_a melon_n nor_o strawberry_n nor_o raspberry_n nor_o artichoke_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o asparagus_n of_o which_o they_o do_v not_o eat_v they_o have_v neither_o sallory_n nor_o beet_n nor_o colewort_n nor_o coleflore_v nor_o turnip_n nor_o parsenep_n nor_o carrot_n nor_o leek_n nor_o lettuce_n nor_o chervil_a nor_o most_o of_o the_o herb_n whereof_o we_o compose_v our_o salad_n yet_o the_o dutch_a have_v most_o of_o all_o these_o plant_n at_o batavia_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o soil_n of_o siam_n will_v be_v proper_a thereunto_o it_o bear_v large_a mushroom_n but_o few_o and_o ill_o taste_v it_o yield_v no_o truffle_n not_o so_o much_o as_o that_o insipid_a and_o scentless_a kind_n which_o the_o spaniard_n do_v call_v criadillas_n de_fw-fr tierra_fw-es and_o which_o they_o put_v into_o their_o pot_n radish_n cucumber_n chibbol_n garlic_n radish_n the_o siamese_n do_v eat_v cucumber_n raw_a as_o they_o do_v throughout_o the_o east_n and_o also_o in_o spain_n and_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a but_o their_o cucumber_n may_v be_v more_o wholesome_a than_o we_o see_v that_o vinegar_n do_v not_o harden_v they_o they_o look_v upon_o they_o and_o call_v they_o a_o kind_n of_o water-melon_n mr._n vincent_n inform_v i_o that_o a_o persian_a will_v eat_v 36_o pound_n weight_n of_o melon_n or_o cucumber_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o season_n of_o these_o fruit_n to_o purge_v himself_o the_o chibbol_n garlic_n and_o radish_n have_v a_o sweet_a taste_n at_o siam_n than_o in_o this_o country_n these_o sort_n of_o plant_n do_v lose_v their_o rankness_n by_o the_o great_a heat_n and_o i_o easy_o believe_v what_o those_o who_o have_v experience_v it_o have_v assure_v i_o that_o nothing_o be_v more_o pleasant_a than_o the_o onion_n of_o egypt_n which_o the_o israelite_n so_o exceed_o regret_v flower_n flower_n i_o have_v see_v a_o great_a many_o tuberose_n in_o the_o garden_n of_o siam_n and_o no_o rose_n nor_o gillyflower_n but_o it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v plenty_n of_o gillyflower_n and_o few_o rose_n and_o that_o these_o flower_n have_v less_o scent_n here_o than_o in_o europe_n so_o that_o the_o rose_n have_v hardly_o any_o the_o jasmine_n be_v likewise_o so_o rare_a that_o it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v none_o but_o at_o the_o king_n house_n we_o be_v present_v with_o two_o or_o three_o flower_n as_o a_o wonder_n they_o have_v a_o great_a many_o amaranthus_n and_o tricolors_n except_o these_o most_o of_o the_o flower_n and_o plant_n which_o adorn_v our_o garden_n be_v unknown_a to_o they_o but_o in_o their_o stead_n they_o have_v other_o which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o they_o and_o which_o be_v very_o agreeable_a for_o their_o beauty_n and_o odour_n i_o have_v remark_v of_o some_o that_o they_o smell_v only_o in_o the_o night_n by_o
reason_n that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o day_n dissipate_v all_o their_o spirit_n our_o flower_n have_v most_o scent_n about_o the_o evening_n and_o we_o have_v some_o but_o few_o that_o smell_v only_o at_o night_n whatever_o have_v not_o natural_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o taste_n and_o smell_v suratt_n why_o there_o be_v no_o muscadine_n grape_n in_o persia_n nor_o at_o suratt_n can_v keep_v they_o in_o country_n extreme_o hot_a thus_o though_o there_o be_v grape_n in_o persia_n and_o at_o suratt_n yet_o there_o can_v be_v no_o muscadine_n grape_n what_o care_v soever_o be_v therein_o employ_v the_o best_a plant_n which_o be_v transport_v thither_o from_o europe_n do_v present_o degenerate_a and_o yield_v the_o second_o year_n ordinary_a grape_n only_o but_o at_o siam_n where_o the_o climate_n be_v much_o hot_a there_o be_v no_o good_a grape_n siam_n nor_o grape_n at_o siam_n the_o few_o vine_n which_o be_v plant_v at_o louvo_n in_o the_o king_n garden_n produce_v only_o some_o bad_a grape_n which_o be_v small_a and_o of_o a_o bitter_a taste_n pure_a water_n be_v their_o ordinary_a drink_n they_o love_v only_o to_o drink_v it_o perfume_v siamese_n pure_a water_n the_o ordinary_a drink_n of_o the_o siamese_n whereas_o to_o our_o palate_n water_n which_o have_v no_o smell_n be_v the_o best_a as_o the_o siamese_n go_v not_o to_o draw_v it_o at_o the_o spring_n which_o be_v doubtless_o too_o remote_a it_o be_v wholesome_a only_a when_o it_o have_v be_v settle_v more_o or_o few_o day_n according_a as_o the_o inundation_n be_v high_a or_o low_o or_o whole_o run_v out_o for_o when_o the_o water_n retire_v and_o they_o be_v fill_v with_o mud_n and_o perhaps_o with_o the_o ill_a juice_n which_o they_o take_v from_o the_o earth_n or_o when_o the_o river_n be_v reentered_n into_o its_o channel_n sufficient_o muddy_a they_o be_v more_o corrosive_a do_v cause_n disentery_n and_o lask_n and_o can_v be_v drink_v without_o danger_n till_o they_o have_v let_v they_o stand_v in_o great_a jar_n or_o pitcher_n the_o space_n of_o three_o week_n or_o a_o month._n at_o louvo_n the_o water_n be_v much_o more_o unwholesome_a than_o at_o siam_n poussone_n the_o water_n of_o louvo_n and_o of_o tlee_n poussone_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o whole_a river_n flow_v not_o thither_o but_o only_o a_o arm_n which_o have_v be_v turn_v thither_o which_o run_v always_o decrease_v after_o the_o rain_n and_o at_o last_o leave_v its_o channel_n dry_a the_o king_n of_o siam_n drink_v water_n from_o a_o great_a cistern_n make_v in_o the_o field_n on_o which_o be_v keep_v a_o continual_a watch._n beside_o that_o this_o prince_n have_v a_o little_a house_n call_v tlee_n poussone_n or_o rich_a sea_n about_o a_o league_n from_o louvo_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o brink_n of_o certain_a lowland_n about_o two_o or_o three_o league_n in_o extent_n which_o receive_v the_o rain-water_n and_o preserve_v they_o this_o little_a sea_n be_v of_o a_o irregular_a figure_n its_o shore_n be_v neither_o handsome_a nor_o even_a but_o its_o water_n be_v wholesome_a by_o reason_n they_o be_v deep_a and_o settle_a and_o i_o have_v also_o hear_v that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n drink_v thereof_o for_o pleasure_n and_o conversation_n the_o siamese_n do_v take_v tea_n ten_o ten_o i_o mean_v the_o siamese_n of_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n for_o the_o use_n of_o tea_n be_v unknown_a in_o all_o the_o other_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o at_o siam_n the_o custom_n be_v thorough_o settle_v and_o it_o be_v among_o they_o a_o necessary_a civility_n to_o present_a tea_n to_o all_o that_o visit_v they_o they_o call_v it_o tcha_n as_o do_v the_o chineses_n and_o have_v not_o two_o term_n the_o one_o for_o what_o we_o call_v tea_n and_o the_o other_o for_o what_o we_o call_v cha_fw-mi or_o flower_n of_o tea_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o flower_n but_o to_o assert_v whether_o they_o be_v the_o bud_a leave_n and_o consequent_o the_o tender_a or_o the_o high_a and_o consequent_o the_o less_o nourish_v or_o the_o point_n of_o the_o leave_n which_o have_v be_v boil_v at_o china_n or_o a_o kind_n of_o particular_a tea_n be_v what_o i_o can_v determine_v by_o reason_n that_o various_a account_n have_v be_v give_v i_o thereof_o the_o siamese_n do_v reckon_v three_o sort_n of_o tea_n the_o tchabovi_fw-la or_o bovi_fw-la tea_n tea_n three_o sort_n of_o tea_n which_o be_v red_a which_o some_o say_v fatten_v and_o be_v astringent_a it_o be_v look_v upon_o at_o siam_n as_o a_o remedy_n for_o the_o flux_n the_o somloo_o tea_n which_o on_o the_o contrary_a purge_n gentle_o and_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o tea_n which_o have_v no_o particular_a name_n that_o i_o know_v and_o which_o neither_o loosen_v nor_o bind_v the_o chinese_n and_o all_o the_o oriental_n use_v tea_n as_o a_o remedy_n against_o the_o headache_n sudorific_a ten_o be_v a_o sudorific_a but_o then_o they_o make_v it_o strong_a and_o after_o have_v drink_v five_o or_o six_o cup_n they_o lie_v down_o in_o their_o bed_n cover_v themselves_o up_o and_o sweat_v it_o be_v not_o very_o difficult_a in_o such_o hot_a climate_n for_o sudorifick_v to_o operate_v and_o they_o be_v look_v upon_o there_o almost_o as_o general_a remedy_n tea_n the_o manner_n of_o prepare_v tea_n they_o prepare_v the_o tea_n in_o this_o manner_n they_o have_v copper_n pot_n tin_a on_o the_o inside_n wherein_o they_o boil_v the_o water_n and_o it_o boil_v in_o a_o instant_n by_o reason_n the_o copper_n thereof_o be_v very_o thin_a this_o copper_n come_v from_o japan_n if_o my_o memory_n fail_v i_o not_o and_o it_o be_v so_o easy_a to_o work_v that_o i_o question_n whether_o we_o have_v any_o so_o pliant_a in_o europe_n these_o pot_n be_v call_v boulis_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n they_o have_v boulis_n of_o red_a earth_n which_o be_v without_o taste_n though_o without_o varnish_n they_o first_o rinse_v the_o earthen_a bouli_n with_o boil_a water_n to_o heat_v it_o than_o they_o put_v in_o as_o much_o tea_n as_o one_o can_v take_v up_o with_o the_o finger_n and_o thumb_n and_o afterward_o fill_v it_o with_o boil_a water_n and_o after_o have_v cover_v it_o they_o still_o pour_v boil_a water_n on_o the_o outside_n they_o stop_v not_o the_o spout_n as_o we_o do_v when_o the_o tea_n be_v sufficient_o infuse_v that_o be_v to_o say_v when_o the_o leave_n be_v precipitate_v they_o pour_v the_o liquor_n into_o china_n dish_n which_o at_o first_o they_o fill_v only_o half_a to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o it_o appear_v too_o strong_a or_o too_o deep_a they_o may_v temper_v it_o by_o pour_v in_o pure_a water_n which_o they_o still_o keep_v boil_v in_o the_o copper_n bouly_n nevertheless_o if_o they_o will_v still_o drink_v they_o do_v again_o fill_v the_o earthen_a bou_o with_o this_o boil_a water_n and_o so_o they_o may_v do_v several_a time_n without_o add_v any_o more_o tea_n until_o they_o see_v that_o the_o water_n receive_v no_o tincture_n they_o put_v no_o sugar_n into_o the_o dish_n by_o reason_n they_o have_v none_o refine_a which_o be_v not_o candy_n and_o the_o candy_n melt_v too_o slow_o they_o do_v therefore_o take_v a_o little_a in_o their_o mouth_n which_o they_o champ_v as_o they_o drink_v their_o tea_n when_o they_o will_v have_v no_o more_o tea_n they_o turn_v the_o cup_n down_o on_o the_o saucer_n because_o that_o it_o be_v the_o great_a incivility_n among_o they_o to_o refuse_v any_o thing_n and_o that_o if_o they_o leave_v the_o cup_n stand_v they_o fail_v not_o to_o serve_v they_o again_o with_o tea_n which_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v but_o they_o forbear_v to_o fill_v the_o dish_n unless_o they_o will_v testify_v to_o he_o unto_o who_o they_o present_v it_o full_a that_o it_o be_v as_o some_o say_v for_o once_o and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o expect_v that_o he_o ever_o come_v again_o to_o the_o house_n tea_n excellent_a water_n necessary_a for_o tea_n the_o most_o experience_a do_v say_v that_o the_o water_n can_v be_v too_o clear_a for_o tea_n that_o cistern-water_n be_v the_o best_a as_o be_v the_o most_o pure_a and_o that_o the_o fine_a tea_n in_o the_o world_n become_v bad_a in_o water_n which_o be_v not_o excellent_a hot_a whether_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o drink_v the_o ten_o hot_a in_o a_o word_n if_o the_o chineses_n drink_v tea_n so_o hot_a it_o be_v not_o perhaps_o that_o they_o have_v find_v it_o either_o more_o wholesome_a or_o more_o pleasant_a after_o this_o manner_n for_o they_o drink_v all_o sort_n of_o liquor_n at_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o heat_n unless_o the_o tartar_n have_v now_o teach_v they_o as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o drink_v ice_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o infusion_n of_o tea_n be_v perform_v quick_a in_o hot_a water_n than_o cold_a but_o i_o have_v
the_o people_n of_o country_n extreme_o hot_a or_o extreme_o cold_a be_v sluggishness_n of_o mind_n and_o body_n with_o this_o difference_n that_o it_o degenerate_v into_o stupidity_n in_o country_n too_o cold_a and_o that_o in_o country_n too_o hot_a there_o be_v always_o spirit_n and_o imagination_n but_o of_o that_o sort_n of_o imagination_n and_o spirit_n which_o soon_o flag_n with_o the_o least_o application_n laziness_n they_o have_v imagination_n and_o laziness_n the_o siamese_n do_v conceive_v easy_o and_o clear_o their_o repartee_n be_v witty_a and_o quick_a their_o objection_n be_v rational_a they_o imitate_v immediate_o and_o from_o the_o first_o day_n they_o be_v tolerable_a good_a workman_n so_o that_o one_o will_v think_v a_o little_a study_n will_v render_v they_o very_o accomplish_v either_o in_o the_o high_a science_n or_o in_o the_o most_o difficult_a art_n but_o their_o invincible_a laziness_n sudden_o destroy_v these_o hope_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n therefore_o if_o they_o invent_v nothing_o in_o the_o science_n which_o they_o love_v best_a as_o chemistry_n and_o astronomy_n rhyme_n they_o be_v natural_o poet_n and_o their_o poetry_n be_v rhyme_n i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o they_o be_v natural_o poet_n their_o poetry_n like_o we_o and_o that_o which_o be_v now_o use_v throughout_o the_o know_a world_n consist_v in_o the_o number_n of_o syllable_n and_o in_o rhyme_n some_o do_v attribute_v the_o invention_n thereof_o to_o the_o arabian_n by_o reason_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v they_o that_o have_v carry_v it_o every_o where_n the_o relation_n of_o china_n report_n that_o the_o chinese_n poetry_n at_o present_a be_v in_o rhyme_n but_o though_o they_o speak_v of_o their_o ancient_a poetry_n of_o which_o they_o still_o have_v several_a work_n they_o declare_v not_o of_o what_o nature_n it_o be_v because_o in_o my_o opinion_n language_n they_o read_v the_o ancient_a character_n in_o the_o present_a language_n it_o be_v difficult_a to_o judge_v thereof_o for_o though_o the_o chineses_n have_v preserve_v the_o sense_n of_o their_o ancient_a write_n they_o have_v not_o preserve_v their_o ancient_a language_n however_o i_o can_v hardly_o comprehend_v from_o a_o language_n whole_o consist_v of_o monosyllable_n and_o full_a of_o accent_v vowel_n and_o compound_v dipthong_n that_o if_o the_o poetry_n consist_v not_o in_o rhyme_n it_o can_v consist_v in_o quantity_n as_o do_v the_o greek_a and_o latin_a poem_n poetry_n their_o genius_n in_o poetry_n i_o can_v not_o get_v a_o siamese_n song_n well_o translate_v so_o different_a be_v their_o way_n of_o think_v from_o we_o yet_o i_o have_v see_v some_o picture_n as_o for_o example_n of_o a_o pleasant_a garden_n where_o a_o lover_n invite_v his_o mistress_n to_o come_v i_o have_v also_o see_v some_o expression_n which_o to_o i_o appear_v full_a of_o smootiness_n and_o gross_a immodesty_n although_o this_o have_v not_o the_o same_o effect_n in_o their_o language_n but_o beside_o lovesong_n they_o have_v likewise_o some_o historical_a and_o moral_a song_n altogether_o i_o have_v hear_v the_o pagayeurs_fw-fr sing_v some_o of_o which_o they_o make_v i_o to_o understand_v the_o sense_n the_o lacone_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o moral_a and_o historical_a song_n and_o some_o have_v tell_v i_o that_o one_o of_o the_o brother_n of_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n compose_v some_o moral_a poem_n very_o high_o esteem_v to_o which_o he_o himself_o set_v the_o tune_n orator_n they_o be_v no_o orator_n but_o if_o the_o siamese_n be_v bear_v poet_n they_o neither_o be_v bear_v nor_o do_v become_v orator_n their_o book_n be_v either_o narration_n of_o a_o plain_a style_n or_o some_o sentence_n of_o a_o break_a style_n full_a of_o idea_n they_o have_v no_o advocate_n the_o party_n do_v each_o declare_v their_o cause_n to_o the_o register_n who_o without_o any_o rhetoric_n write_v down_o the_o fact_n and_o reason_n which_o be_v tell_v he_o when_o they_o preach_v they_o read_v the_o balie_n text_n of_o their_o book_n and_o they_o translate_v and_o expound_v it_o plain_o in_o siamese_n without_o any_o action_n like_o our_o professor_n and_o not_o our_o preacher_n they_o know_v how_o to_o speak_v to_o a_o business_n same_o their_o compliment_n always_o the_o same_o and_o do_v therein_o manage_v themselves_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o insinuation_n but_o as_o for_o their_o compliment_n they_o be_v all_o after_o one_o model_n which_o be_v indeed_o very_o good_a but_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o in_o the_o same_o ceremony_n they_o do_v always_o speak_v almost_o the_o same_o thing_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n himself_o have_v his_o word_n almost_o count_v in_o his_o audience_n of_o ceremony_n and_o he_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n ambassador_n almost_o the_o same_o that_o he_o have_v deliver_v to_o mr._n de_fw-fr chaumont_n and_o before_o he_o to_o the_o late_a bishop_n of_o heliopolis_n i_o have_v not_o forget_v that_o excellent_a speech_n which_o the_o ambassador_n of_o siam_n make_v to_o the_o king_n at_o his_o audience_n of_o leave_n france_n the_o last_o speech_n which_o the_o ambassador_n of_o siam_n make_v in_o france_n and_o which_o alone_o may_v cause_v a_o belief_n that_o the_o siamese_n be_v great_a orator_n if_o we_o can_v judge_v of_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o original_a by_o that_o of_o the_o translation_n but_o this_o be_v difficult_a especial_o in_o two_o language_n which_o have_v so_o little_a similitude_n one_o to_o the_o other_o all_o that_o we_o ought_v to_o think_v thereof_o be_v that_o the_o main_a of_o the_o design_n and_o thought_n be_v the_o siamese_n ambassador_n and_o i_o wonder_v not_o that_o he_o have_v admire_v the_o excellent_a mien_n the_o majestic_a air_n the_o power_n the_o affability_n and_o all_o the_o extraordinary_a quality_n of_o the_o king_n they_o ought_v to_o amaze_v he_o more_o than_o another_o because_o that_o these_o virtue_n be_v absolute_o unknown_a in_o the_o east_n and_o if_o he_o have_v dare_v to_o declare_v the_o truth_n he_o will_v have_v confess_v that_o the_o flattery_n natural_a to_o those_o of_o his_o country_n have_v make_v he_o all_o his_o life_n to_o extol_v those_o very_a thing_n where_o they_o be_v not_o and_o that_o he_o see_v the_o first_o example_n thereof_o in_o the_o king_n when_o the_o mandarin_n come_v on_o board_n our_o ship_n to_o carry_v the_o first_o compliment_n of_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n to_o the_o king_n ambassador_n they_o take_v leave_v of_o they_o by_o testify_v unto_o they_o that_o they_o demand_v it_o unwilling_o and_o out_o of_o a_o indispensible_a necessity_n of_o go_v to_o satisfy_v the_o impatience_n of_o the_o king_n their_o master_n about_o the_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v to_o relate_v unto_o he_o a_o thought_n natural_a and_o good_a on_o which_o run_v the_o whole_a beginning_n of_o the_o ambassador_n speech_n of_o leave_n and_o as_o to_o that_o excellent_a place_n where_o he_o end_v that_o 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extreme_o liquid_a the_o portuguese_n of_o the_o indies_n do_v call_v it_o cange_v meat-broth_n be_v mortal_a at_o siam_n because_o they_o too_o much_o relax_v the_o stomach_n and_o when_o their_o patient_n be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o eat_v any_o thing_n solid_a they_o give_v they_o pig_n flesh_n preferable_a to_o any_o other_o they_o do_v not_o understand_v chemistry_n although_o they_o passionate_o affect_v it_o matter_n their_o ignorance_n in_o chemistry_n and_o their_o fable_n about_o this_o matter_n and_o that_o several_a among_o they_o do_v boast_v of_o possess_v the_o most_o profound_a secret_n thereof_o siam_n like_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o east_n be_v full_a of_o two_o sort_n of_o person_n upon_o this_o account_n impostor_n and_o fool_n the_o late_a king_n of_o siam_n the_o father_n of_o the_o present_a prince_n spend_v two_o million_o a_o great_a sum_n for_o his_o country_n in_o the_o vain_a research_n of_o the_o philosopher_n stone_n and_o the_o chinese_n repute_v so_o wise_a have_v for_o three_o or_o four_o thousand_o year_n have_v the_o folly_n of_o seek_v out_o a_o universal_a remedy_n by_o which_o they_o hope_v to_o exempt_v themselves_o from_o the_o necessity_n of_o die_v and_o as_o among_o we_o there_o be_v some_o foolish_a tradition_n concern_v some_o rare_a person_n that_o be_v report_v to_o have_v make_v gold_n or_o to_o have_v live_v some_o age_n there_o be_v some_o very_o strong_o establish_v among_o the_o chinese_n the_o siamese_n and_o the_o other_o oriental_n concern_v those_o that_o know_v how_o to_o render_v themselves_o immortal_a either_o absolute_o or_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o can_v die_v no_o otherwise_o than_o of_o a_o violent_a death_n wherefore_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o some_o have_v withdraw_v themselves_o from_o the_o sight_n of_o man_n either_o to_o enjoy_v a_o free_a and_o peaceable_a immortality_n or_o to_o secure_v themselves_o from_o all_o foreign_a force_n which_o may_v deprive_v they_o of_o 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year_n according_a to_o
have_v also_o other_o dignity_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o they_o contain_v but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o believe_v that_o these_o city_n have_v ever_o be_v so_o populous_a as_o the_o title_n of_o their_o governor_n import_n by_o reason_n as_o i_o have_v often_o allege_v that_o these_o people_n be_v very_o proud_a in_o title_n only_o the_o great_a title_n be_v give_v to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o big_a city_n and_o the_o least_o title_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n less_o inhabit_v thus_o the_o city_n of_o metac_a of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v at_o the_o beginning_n have_v a_o governor_n call_v pa-ya-tac_a and_o the_o word_n i_o which_o signify_v mother_n and_o which_o be_v join_v to_o tac_n seem_v to_o intimate_v that_o the_o city_n of_o metac_a be_v very_o great_a the_o city_n of_o porselouc_n have_v also_o a_o pa-ya_a tenasserim_n ligor_fw-la corazema_fw-la and_o other_o have_v still_o some_o ocya_a lesser_a city_n as_o pipeli_n and_o bancock_n have_v the_o oc-pra_a other_o have_v the_o oc-lovang_a or_o the_o oc-counnes_a and_o the_o least_o of_o all_o have_v the_o oc-meving_a the_o portuguese_n have_v translate_v these_o title_n according_a to_o their_o fancy_n by_o those_o of_o king_n viceroy_n duke_n marquis_n earl_n etc._n etc._n they_o have_v give_v the_o title_n of_o kingdom_n to_o metac_n tenassarim_n porselouc_n ligor_fw-la and_o pipeli_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o hereditary_a governor_n or_o for_o have_v be_v like_o pipeli_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n and_o to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n they_o have_v give_v the_o title_n of_o emperor_n because_o the_o spaniard_n have_v ever_o think_v the_o title_n of_o emperor_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o king_n that_o have_v other_o king_n for_o feudatary_n so_o that_o upon_o this_o single_a reason_n some_o king_n of_o castille_n have_v bear_v the_o title_n of_o emperor_n give_v to_o their_o child_n the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o the_o 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relation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n make_v by_o a_o siamese_n shall_v intimate_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o mayne_n be_v general_n of_o the_o swiss_n the_o siamese_n may_v groundless_o persuade_v themselves_o that_o every_o general_n of_o the_o swiss_n bear_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o mayne_n and_o this_o be_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v touch_v the_o people_n of_o siam_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n in_o general_n mandarin_n the_o proper_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n mandarin_n the_o portuguese_n have_v general_o call_v all_o the_o officer_n throughout_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o the_o east_n mandarin_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o they_o have_v form_v this_o word_n from_o that_o of_o mandar_fw-la which_o in_o their_o language_n signify_v to_o command_v navarette_n who_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v be_v of_o this_o opinion_n and_o we_o may_v confirm_v it_o because_o that_o the_o arabian_a word_n emir_n which_o be_v use_v at_o the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n and_o in_o several_a other_o mahometan_a court_n of_o the_o indies_n to_o signify_v the_o officer_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o arabian_a verb_n amara_fw-la which_o signify_v to_o command_v the_o word_n mandarin_n extend_v also_o to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o principal_a officer_n which_o be_v consider_v as_o child_n of_o quality_n call_v mon_n in_o siamese_n but_o i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n mandarin_n only_o to_o signify_v the_o officer_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n therefore_o make_v no_o considerable_a mandarin_n mandarin_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n give_v name_n to_o the_o considerable_a mandarin_n but_o he_o give_v he_o a_o new_a name_n a_o custom_n establish_v also_o at_o china_n and_o in_o other_o state_n of_o the_o east_n this_o name_n be_v always_o a_o elogium_fw-la sometime_o it_o be_v purposely_o invent_v like_o that_o which_o he_o give_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o metelpolis_n and_o like_o those_o which_o he_o give_v to_o the_o foreigner_n that_o be_v at_o his_o court_n but_o oftentimes_o these_o name_n be_v ancient_a and_o know_v for_o have_v be_v former_o give_v to_o other_o and_o those_o be_v the_o most_o honourable_a which_o have_v be_v heretofore_o bear_v by_o person_n very_o high_o advance_v in_o dignity_n or_o by_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n and_o although_o such_o name_n be_v not_o always_o accompany_v with_o office_n and_o authority_n they_o cease_v not_o to_o be_v a_o great_a mark_n of_o favour_n it_o likewise_o happen_v that_o the_o same_o name_n be_v give_v to_o several_a person_n of_o different_a dignity_n so_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o one_o for_o example_n will_v call_v himself_o oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n and_o the_o other_o oc-counne_a pipitcharatcha_n these_o name_n of_o which_o the_o first_o word_n be_v only_o speak_v and_o which_o do_v every_o one_o make_v a_o period_n be_v take_v almost_o all_o entire_a out_o of_o the_o baly_n tongue_n and_o be_v not_o always_o well_o understand_v but_o this_o and_o the_o style_n of_o the_o law_n which_o participate_v very_o much_o of_o the_o baly_n and_o the_o book_n of_o religion_n which_o be_v baly_n be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n ought_v not_o to_o ignore_v this_o tongue_n forasmuch_o as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v it_o lend_v all_o its_o ornament_n to_o the_o siamese_n and_o that_o oftentimes_o they_o do_v elegant_o intermix_v they_o either_o in_o speak_v or_o in_o writing_n the_o law_n of_o the_o state_n be_v that_o all_o office_n shall_v be_v hereditary_a hereditary_a all_o office_n be_v hereditary_a and_o the_o same_o law_n be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o laos_n and_o be_v ancient_o at_o china_n but_o the_o sell_n of_o office_n be_v not_o there_o permit_v and_o moreover_o the_o least_o fault_n of_o the_o patent_n or_o the_o capricious_a humour_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o the_o dotage_n of_o the_o inheritor_n may_v take_v away_o the_o office_n from_o the_o family_n and_o when_o this_o happen_v it_o be_v always_o without_o recompense_n very_o few_o family_n do_v long_o maintain_v themselves_o therein_o especial_o in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o court_n which_o be_v more_o than_o the_o rest_n under_o the_o master_n power_n moreover_o no_o officer_n at_o siam_n have_v any_o salary_n the_o prince_n lodge_v they_o office_n the_o profit_n of_o the_o office_n which_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n and_o give_v they_o some_o moveable_n as_o box_n of_o glod_n or_o silver_n for_o betel_n some_o arm_n and_o a_o balloon_n some_o beast_n as_o elephant_n horse_n and_o buffalo_n some_o service_n slave_n and_o in_o fine_a some_o arable_a land_n all_o which_o return_v to_o the_o king_n with_o the_o office_n and_o which_o do_v principal_o make_v the_o king_n to_o be_v the_o heir_n of_o his_o officer_n but_o the_o principal_a gain_n of_o the_o office_n
consist_v in_o extorsion_n because_o that_o in_o this_o there_o be_v no_o justice_n for_o the_o weak_a all_o the_o officer_n do_v hold_v a_o correspondence_n in_o pillage_n and_o the_o corruption_n be_v great_a in_o those_o from_o whence_o the_o remedy_n ought_v to_o come_v the_o trade_n of_o present_n be_v public_a the_o least_o officer_n do_v give_v unto_o the_o great_a under_o a_o title_n of_o respect_n and_o a_o judge_n be_v not_o there_o punish_v for_o have_v receive_v present_n if_o otherwise_o he_o be_v not_o convict_v of_o injustice_n which_o be_v not_o very_o easy_a to_o do_v the_o form_n of_o the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n consist_v in_o swallow_v the_o water_n fidelity_n the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n over_o which_o the_o talapoin_n do_v pronounce_v some_o imprecation_n against_o he_o who_o be_v to_o drink_v it_o in_o case_n he_o fail_v in_o the_o fidelity_n which_o he_o owe_v to_o his_o king_n this_o prince_n dispense_v not_o with_o this_o oath_n to_o any_o person_n that_o engage_v themselves_o in_o his_o service_n of_o what_o religion_n or_o nation_n soever_o the_o public_a law_n of_o siam_n be_v write_v in_o three_o volume_n write_v the_o public_a law_n of_o siam_n be_v write_v the_o first_o be_v call_v pra_fw-la tam_fw-la ramires_n and_o contain_v the_o name_n function_n and_o prerogative_n of_o all_o the_o office_n the_o second_o be_v entitle_v pra_fw-la tam_fw-la non_fw-la and_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n and_o the_o three_o be_v the_o pra_fw-la rayja_n cammanot_n wherein_o be_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o now_o regent_n king_n father_n nothing_o will_v have_v be_v more_o necessary_a than_o a_o faithful_a extract_n of_o these_o three_o volume_n thereof_o the_o difficulty_n of_o procure_v the_o book_n thereof_o right_o to_o make_v know_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n but_o so_o far_o be_v i_o from_o be_v able_a to_o get_v a_o translation_n that_o i_o can_v not_o procure_v a_o copy_n thereof_o in_o siamese_n it_o will_v have_v be_v necessary_a upon_o this_o account_n to_o continue_v long_o at_o siam_n and_o with_o less_o business_n this_o be_v therefore_o what_o i_o can_v learn_v certain_o about_o this_o matter_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o those_o book_n and_o in_o a_o country_n where_o every_o one_o be_v afraid_a to_o speak_v the_o great_a token_n of_o servitude_n of_o the_o siamese_n be_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o to_o open_v their_o mouth_n about_o any_o thing_n that_o relate_v to_o their_o country_n chap._n iu._n concern_v the_o office_n of_o judicatory_a province_n the_o division_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n by_o province_n the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a the_o upper_a lie_n towards_o the_o north_n see_v that_o the_o river_n descend_v from_o thence_o and_o contain_v seven_o province_n which_o be_v name_v by_o their_o chief_a city_n porselouc_n sanquelouc_n lacontai_n campeng-pet_n coconrepina_n pechebonne_n and_o pitchai_n at_o porselouc_n do_v immediate_o arise_v ten_o jurisdiction_n at_o sanquelouc_n eight_o at_o lacontai_n seven_o at_o campeng-pet_n ten_o at_o coconrepina_n five_o at_o pechebonne_n two_o and_o at_o pitchai_n seven_o and_o beside_o this_o there_o be_v in_o the_o upper_a siam_n one_o and_o twenty_o other_o jurisdiction_n to_o which_o no_o other_o jurisdiction_n resort_v but_o which_o do_v resort_v to_o the_o court_n and_o be_v as_o so_o many_o little_a province_n in_o the_o low_a siam_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o reckon_v the_o province_n of_o jor_n patana_n ligor_fw-la tenasserim_n chantebonne_n petelong_v or_o bordelong_v and_o tchiai_n on_o jor_n do_v immediate_o depend_v seven_o jurisdiction_n on_o patana_n eight_o on_o ligor_fw-la twenty_o on_o tenasserim_n twelve_o on_o chantebonne_n seven_o on_z petelong_v eight_o and_o on_o tchiai_n two_o and_o beside_o this_o there_o be_v likewise_o in_o the_o low_a siam_n thirteen_o small_a jurisdiction_n which_o be_v as_o so_o many_o particular_a province_n which_o resort_v only_o to_o the_o court_n and_o to_o which_o no_o other_o jurisdiction_n resort_v the_o city_n of_o siam_n have_v its_o province_n apart_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o state_n between_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a siam_n judge_n the_o governor_n be_v the_o judge_n the_o whole_a tribunal_n of_o judicature_n consist_v proper_o only_a in_o a_o single_a officer_n see_v that_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a or_o precedent_n only_o that_o have_v the_o deliberate_a voice_n and_o that_o all_o the_o other_o officer_n have_v only_o a_o consultative_a voice_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n receive_v also_o at_o china_n and_o in_o the_o other_o neighbour_a state_n but_o the_o most_o important_a prerogative_n of_o the_o precedent_n be_v to_o be_v the_o governor_n of_o his_o whole_a jurisdiction_n and_o to_o command_v even_o the_o garrison_n if_o there_o be_v any_o unless_o the_o prince_n have_v otherwise_o dispose_v thereof_o by_o a_o express_a order_n so_o that_o as_o in_o other_o place_n these_o office_n be_v hereditary_a it_o be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n for_o some_o of_o these_o governor_n and_o especial_o the_o most_o powerful_a and_o for_o the_o most_o remote_a from_o court_n to_o withdraw_v themselves_o whole_o or_o in_o part_n from_o the_o royal_a authority_n siam_n jor_a belong_v no_o more_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o of_o siam_n thus_o the_o governor_n of_o jor_n render_v obedience_n no_o long_o and_o the_o portuguese_n give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o king_n and_o it_o may_v be_v he_o never_o intend_v to_o obey_v unless_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n shall_v extend_v itself_o as_o relation_n declare_v to_o the_o whole_a peninsula_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la jor_a be_v the_o most_o southern_a city_n thereof_o seat_v on_o a_o river_n which_o have_v its_o mouth_n at_o the_o cape_n of_o sincapura_n and_o which_o form_n a_o very_a excellent_a port._n patana_n nor_o patana_n the_o people_n of_o patana_n live_v like_o those_o of_o achem_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n under_o the_o domination_n of_o a_o woman_n who_o they_o always_o elect_v in_o the_o same_o family_n and_o always_o old_a to_o the_o end_n that_o she_o may_v have_v no_o occasion_n to_o marry_v and_o in_o the_o name_n of_o who_o the_o most_o trusty_a person_n do_v rule_v the_o portuguese_n have_v likewise_o give_v she_o the_o title_n of_o queen_n and_o for_o tribute_n she_o send_v to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n every_o three_o year_n two_o small_a tree_n the_o one_o of_o gold_n the_o other_o of_o silver_n and_o both_o load_v with_o flower_n and_o fruit_n but_o she_o owe_v not_o any_o assistance_n to_o this_o prince_n in_o his_o war_n whether_o these_o gold_n and_o silver_n tree_n be_v a_o real_a homage_n or_o only_o a_o respect_n to_o maintain_v the_o liberty_n of_o commerce_n as_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n send_v present_v every_o three_o year_n to_o the_o king_n of_o china_n in_o consideration_n of_o trade_n only_o be_v what_o i_o can_v allege_v but_o as_o the_o king_n of_o china_n honour_v himself_o with_o these_o sort_n of_o present_n and_o take_v they_o for_o a_o kind_n of_o homage_n it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n do_v not_o less_o value_v himself_o on_o the_o present_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o queen_n of_o patana_n although_o she_o be_v not_o perhaps_o his_o vassal_n the_o siamese_n do_v call_v a_o hereditary_a governor_n tchaou-mevang_a lord_n the_o governor_n be_v lord_n tchaou_fw-la signify_v lord_n and_o mevang_n a_o city_n or_o province_n and_o sometime_o a_o kingdom_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v ruin_v and_o destroy_v the_o most_o potent_a tchaou-mevang_a as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v and_o have_v substitute_v in_o their_o place_n some_o triennial_n governor_n by_o commission_n these_o commission-governor_n be_v call_v pouran_n and_o pou_n signify_v a_o person_n beside_o the_o present_n which_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a may_v receive_v as_o i_o have_v declare_v tchaou-mevang_a the_o profit_n or_o right_n of_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a his_o other_o legal_a right_n be_v first_o equal_o to_o share_v with_o the_o king_n the_o rent_n that_o the_o arable_a land_n do_v yield_v which_o they_o call_v naa_n that_o be_v to_o say_v field_n and_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n these_o rent_n be_v a_o mayon_n or_o quarter_n part_n of_o a_o tical_a for_o forty_o fathom_n or_o two_o hundred_o foot_n square_a 2_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a have_v the_o profit_n of_o all_o confiscation_n of_o all_o the_o penalty_n to_o the_o exchequer_n and_o ten_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o all_o the_o fine_n to_o the_o party_n the_o confiscation_n be_v fix_v by_o law_n according_a to_o the_o case_n and_o be_v not_o always_o the_o whole_a estate_n not_o even_o in_o case_n of_o sentence_n of_o death_n but_o sometime_o also_o they_o extend_v to_o the_o body_n not_o only_o of_o the_o person_n condemn_v but_o of_o
his_o child_n too_o 3_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n give_v the_o tchaou-mevang_a some_o man_n to_o execute_v his_o order_n they_o accompany_v he_o everywhere_o and_o they_o row_v in_o his_o balloon_n the_o siamese_n do_v call_v they_o kenlai_n or_o paint_a arm_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o pink_a and_o mangle_v their_o arm_n and_o lay_v gunpowder_n on_o the_o wound_n which_o paint_v their_o arm_n with_o a_o fade_a blue_n the_o portuguese_n do_v call_v they_o paint_a arm_n and_o officer_n and_o these_o paint_a arm_n be_v still_o use_v in_o the_o country_n of_o laos_n 4_o in_o the_o maritime_a government_n the_o tchaou-mevang_a sometime_o take_v custom_n of_o the_o merchant_n ship_n but_o it_o be_v general_o inconsiderable_a at_o tenasserim_n it_o be_v eight_o per_fw-la cent._n in_o the_o kind_n according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o foreign_a mission_n some_o have_v assure_v i_o shipwreck_n the_o humanity_n of_o the_o siamese_n towards_o those_o that_o have_v suffer_v shipwreck_n that_o the_o siamese_n have_v the_o humanity_n not_o to_o appropriate_v any_o thing_n to_o themselves_o of_o what_o the_o tempest_n cast_v on_o their_o coast_n by_o shipwreck_n yet_o ferdinand_n mendez_n pinto_n relate_v that_o lewis_n de_fw-fr monteroyo_n a_o portugese_n have_v suffer_v shipwreck_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o siam_n near_o patana_n the_o chabaudar_n or_o custom-house_n officer_n which_o he_o name_v chatir_n confiscate_v not_o only_o the_o ship_n and_o its_o cargo_n but_o monteroyo_n himself_o and_o some_o child_n allege_v that_o by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whatever_o the_o sea_n cast_v upon_o the_o coast_n be_v the_o profit_n of_o his_o office_n it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o author_n add_v with_o great_a praise_n on_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n who_o then_o reign_v that_o this_o prince_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o portuguese_n which_o be_v at_o his_o court_n set_v monteroyo_n at_o liberty_n and_o restore_v he_o all_o the_o prize_n and_o the_o child_n but_o he_o subjoin_v also_o that_o it_o be_v out_o of_o charity_n and_o on_o the_o day_n that_o this_o prince_n go_v through_o the_o city_n mount_v on_o a_o white_a elephant_n to_o distribute_v alm_n to_o the_o people_n 5_o tchaou-mevang_a a_o continuance_n of_o the_o right_n or_o profit_n of_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a the_o tchaou-mevang_a arrogate_a to_o themselves_o all_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o frontier_n do_v levy_v when_o they_o can_v extraordinary_a tax_n on_o the_o people_n 6_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a do_v exercise_n commerce_n every_o where_o but_o under_o the_o name_n of_o their_o secretary_n or_o some_o other_o of_o their_o domestic_n and_o this_o last_o circumstance_n demonstrate_v that_o they_o have_v some_o shame_n and_o that_o the_o law_n perhaps_o prohibit_v they_o but_o that_o in_o this_o they_o be_v not_o more_o scrupulous_a than_o their_o king_n 7_o in_o some_o place_n where_o there_o be_v fishpond_n the_o tchaou-mevang_a take_v the_o best_a of_o the_o fish_n when_o the_o pond_n be_v empty_v but_o he_o take_v for_o his_o own_o use_n only_o and_o not_o to_o sell_v and_o the_o rest_n he_o leave_v to_o the_o people_n 8_o venison_n and_o salt_n be_v free_a throughout_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v lay_v no_o prohibition_n nor_o impost_n thereon_o salt_n be_v there_o of_o little_a value_n i_o have_v hear_v that_o they_o have_v rock-salt_n and_o they_o make_v it_o of_o sea-water_n some_o have_v tell_v i_o with_o the_o sun_n other_o with_o fire_n and_o perhaps_o both_o be_v true_a at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o shore_n be_v too_o high_a to_o receive_v the_o sea_n and_o in_o those_o where_o wood_n be_v not_o near_o at_o hand_n the_o salt_n may_v fail_v or_o cost_v too_o much_o to_o make_v as_o in_o the_o island_n of_o jonsalam_n the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o do_v rather_o choose_v to_o import_v their_o salt_n from_o tenasserim_n pouran_a the_o right_n or_o profit_n of_o the_o pouran_a the_o pouran_a or_o governor_n by_o commission_n have_v the_o same_o honour_n and_o the_o same_o authority_n as_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a but_o not_o the_o same_o profit_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n name_v the_o pouran_a upon_o two_o account_n either_o when_o he_o will_v have_v no_o tchaou-mevang_a or_o when_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a be_v oblige_v to_o absent_v himself_o from_o his_o government_n for_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a have_v no_o ordinary_a lieutenant_n who_o can_v supply_v his_o place_n in_o his_o absence_n as_o in_o france_n the_o chancellor_n have_v none_o in_o the_o first_o case_n the_o pouran_a have_v only_o the_o profit_n which_o the_o king_n assign_v he_o at_o name_v he_o in_o the_o second_o case_n he_o take_v the_o moiety_n of_o the_o profit_n from_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a and_o leave_v he_o the_o other_o moiety_n tribunal_n the_o name_n and_o function_n of_o the_o officer_n which_o compose_v a_o tribunal_n now_o follow_v the_o ordinary_a officer_n of_o a_o tribunal_n of_o judicature_n not_o that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o in_o every_o one_o but_o that_o in_o any_o one_o perhaps_o there_o be_v not_o more_o ocya_a tchaou-mevang_a the_o tchaou-mevang_a be_v not_o always_o ocya_a he_o have_v sometime_o another_o title_n and_o the_o other_o officer_n of_o his_o tribunal_n have_v always_o some_o title_n proportion_v to_o he_o oc-pra_a belat_n his_o name_n signify_v second_o but_o he_o preside_v not_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o tchaou_fw-la mevang_n because_o he_o have_v no_o determinative_a voice_n oc-pra_a jockebate_v a_o kind_n of_o attorney-general_n and_o his_o office_n be_v to_o be_v a_o strict_a spy_n upon_o the_o governor_n his_o office_n be_v not_o hereditary_a the_o king_n nominate_v some_o person_n of_o trust_n but_o experience_v evince_n that_o there_o be_v no_o fidelity_n in_o these_o man_n and_o that_o all_o the_o officer_n hold_v a_o private_a correspondence_n to_o pillage_v the_o people_n oc_fw-la pra_fw-la peun_fw-mi command_v the_o garrison_n if_o there_o be_v any_o but_o under_o the_o order_n of_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a and_o he_o have_v no_o authority_n over_o his_o soldier_n but_o when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o field_n oc-pra_a maha-tai_a be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o chief_z of_o the_o people_n his_o name_n seem_v to_o signify_v the_o great_a siamese_n for_o maha_n signify_v great_a and_o tai_n signify_v siamese_n it_o be_v he_o that_o levy_v the_o soldier_n or_o rather_o that_o demand_v they_o of_o the_o nai_n who_o send_v provision_n to_o the_o army_n who_o watch_v that_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o people_n be_v well_o make_v and_o who_o in_o general_a execute_v all_o the_o governor_n order_n which_o concern_v the_o people_n oc-pra_a sassedi_n make_v and_o keep_v the_o roll_n of_o the_o people_n it_o be_v a_o office_n very_o subject_a to_o corruption_n by_o reason_n that_o every_o particular_a person_n endeavour_v to_o get_v himself_o omit_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n for_o money_n the_o nai_n do_v likewise_o seek_v to_o favour_v those_o of_o their_o band_n who_o make_v present_n to_o they_o and_o to_o oppress_v those_o with_o labour_n who_o have_v nothing_o to_o give_v they_o the_o maha_n tai_n and_o the_o sassedi_n will_v prevent_v this_o disorder_n if_o they_o be_v not_o the_o first_o corrupt_v the_o sassedi_n begin_v to_o enter_v down_o child_n upon_o the_o roll_n when_o they_o be_v three_o or_o four_o year_n old_a oc-lovang-mevang_a be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o mayor_n of_o the_o city_n for_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v mevang_n signify_v city_n but_o as_o for_o what_o concern_v the_o title_n of_o oc-lovang_a it_o do_v not_o signify_v mayor_n and_o be_v no_o more_o apply_v to_o that_o office_n than_o another_o title_n this_o mayor_n take_v care_n of_o the_o polity_n and_o watch._n they_o keep_v a_o watch_n every_o night_n round_o the_o ambassador_n lodging_n as_o round_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n palace_n and_o this_o be_v a_o very_a great_a token_n of_o honour_n oc-lovang_a vang_z be_v the_o master_n of_o the_o governor_n palace_n for_o vang_z signify_v palace_n he_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v repair_v he_o command_v the_o governor_n guard_n and_o even_o their_o captain_n and_o in_o a_o word_n he_o order_v in_o the_o governor_n palace_n whatever_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o governor_n charge_n oc-lovang-peng_a keep_v the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o custom_n according_a to_o which_o they_o judge_v and_o when_o judgement_n be_v pass_v he_o read_v the_o article_n thereof_o which_o serve_v for_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o process_n and_o in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v he_o that_o pronounce_v the_o sentence_n oc-lovang_a clang_n have_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o king_n magazine_n clang_n signify_v magazine_n he_o receive_v certain_a of_o the_o king_n revenue_n and_o sell_v to_o the_o people_n the_o king_n commodity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o the_o trade_n of_o which_o the_o king_n appropriate_v to_o himself_o as_o in_o europe_n the_o prince_n
appeal_v of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v go_v they_o call_v yumrat_n he_o general_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o ocya_a and_o his_o tribunal_n be_v in_o the_o king_n palace_n but_o he_o follow_v not_o the_o king_n when_o that_o prince_n remove_v from_o his_o metropolis_n and_o then_o he_o render_v justice_n in_o a_o tower_n which_o be_v in_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n and_o without_o the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o palace_n to_o he_o alone_o belong_v the_o determinative_a voice_n and_o from_o he_o there_o also_o lie_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o king_n if_o any_o one_o will_v bear_v the_o expense_n king_n the_o judiciary_n form_n before_o the_o king_n in_o this_o case_n the_o process_n be_v refer_v and_o examine_v by_o the_o king_n council_n but_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o a_o sentence_n inclusive_o consultative_a as_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o council_n of_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a the_o king_n be_v present_a only_a when_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o he_o pronounce_v a_o definitive_a judgement_n and_o according_a to_o the_o general_a form_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o prince_n before_o pass_v the_o sentence_n resume_v all_o the_o opinion_n and_o debate_n with_o his_o councillor_n those_o which_o to_o he_o seem_v unjust_a and_o some_o have_v assure_v i_o that_o the_o present_a king_n acquit_v himself_o herein_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ingenuity_n and_o judgement_n prasedet_a the_o office_n of_o pra-sadet_a which_o be_v pronounce_v prasedet_a the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n be_v call_v prasedet_a and_o general_o also_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o oc_fw-la ya_fw-la his_o name_n which_o be_v baly_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o word_n pra_z which_o i_o have_v several_a time_n explain_v and_o of_o the_o word_n sedet_fw-la which_o signify_v say_v some_o the_o king_n be_v go_v and_o indeed_o they_o speak_v not_o otherwise_o to_o say_v that_o the_o king_n be_v go_v but_o this_o do_v not_o sufficient_o explain_v what_o the_o office_n of_o prasedet_a be_v and_o in_o several_a thing_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o have_v very_o much_o lose_v the_o exact_a understanding_n of_o the_o baly_n mr._n gervaise_v call_v this_o office_n pesedet_fw-la i_o always_o hear_v it_o call_v prasedet_a and_o by_o able_a man_n although_o they_o write_v it_o pra-sadet_a government_n the_o reception_n which_o the_o governor_n give_v to_o the_o king_n ambassador_n every_o one_o in_o his_o government_n the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n from_o its_o mouth_n to_o the_o metropolis_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a small_a government_n the_o first_o be_v pipeli_n the_o second_o prepadem_n the_o three_o bancock_n the_o four_o talaccan_n and_o the_o five_o siam_n the_o officer_n of_o every_o one_o of_o these_o government_n receive_v the_o king_n ambassador_n at_o the_o entrance_n into_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o they_o leave_v they_o not_o till_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o next_o jurisdiction_n have_v join_v and_o salute_v they_o and_o they_o be_v the_o particular_a officer_n of_o each_o government_n that_o make_v the_o head_n of_o the_o train_n beside_o this_o there_o be_v some_o officer_n more_o considerable_a that_o come_v to_o offer_v the_o king_n their_o master_n balon_n to_o the_o ambassador_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n and_o every_o day_n there_o join_v new_a officer_n that_o come_v to_o bring_v new_a compliment_n to_o the_o ambassador_n and_o who_o quit_v not_o the_o ambassador_n after_o they_o have_v join_v they_o entrance_n the_o place_n where_o the_o king_n ambassador_n expect_v the_o day_n of_o their_o entrance_n the_o king_n ambassador_n arrive_v thus_o within_o two_o league_n of_o siam_n at_o a_o place_n which_o the_o french_a call_v the_o tabanque_n and_o they_o wait_v there_o eight_o or_o ten_o day_n for_o the_o time_n of_o their_o entrance_n into_o the_o metropolis_n tabanque_fw-fr in_o siamese_n signify_v the_o custom_n house_n and_o because_o the_o officer_n house_n which_o stand_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n be_v of_o bamhou_fw-mi like_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o french_a give_v the_o name_n of_o tabanque_n to_o all_o the_o bambou-house_n where_o they_o lodge_v from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o officer_n house_n which_o they_o have_v see_v first_o of_o all_o the_o day_n therefore_o that_o the_o king_n ambassador_n make_v their_o entrance_n they_o the_o governor_n of_o siam_n come_v to_o fetch_v they_o ocya_a prasedet_fw-la as_o governor_n of_o the_o metrpolis_n come_v to_o visit_v and_o compliment_v they_o at_o this_o pretend_a tabanque_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o state_n officer_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o tchacry_n calla-hom_o and_o of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o elephant_n among_o the_o court_n officer_n be_v principal_o those_o general_n of_o the_o chief_a officer_n in_o general_n to_o who_o be_v annex_v the_o function_n of_o our_o secretary_n of_o state_n but_o before_o a_o entrance_n be_v make_v into_o this_o matter_n i_o must_v declare_v that_o all_o the_o chief_a officer_n in_o any_o kind_n of_o affair_n whatever_o have_v under_o they_o as_o many_o of_o those_o subaltern_n officer_n which_o compose_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a the_o tchacry_n have_v the_o distribution_n of_o all_o the_o interior_n polity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n tchacry_n of_o the_o tchacry_n to_o he_o revert_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o province_n all_o the_o governor_n do_v immediate_o render_v he_o a_o account_n and_o do_v immediate_o receive_v order_n from_o he_o he_o be_v precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n the_o calla-hom_o have_v the_o appointment_n of_o the_o war_n calla-hom_o of_o the_o calla-hom_o he_o have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o fortification_n arm_n and_o ammunition_n he_o issue_v out_o all_o the_o order_n that_o concern_v the_o army_n and_o he_o be_v natural_o the_o general_n thereof_o although_o the_o king_n may_v name_v who_o he_o please_v for_o general_n by_o van_n vliet_n relation_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o command_n of_o the_o elephant_n belong_v also_o to_o the_o calla-hom_o even_o without_o the_o army_n but_o now_o this_o be_v a_o separate_a employment_n as_o some_o have_v assure_v i_o either_o for_o that_o the_o present_a king_n father_n after_o have_v make_v use_v of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o calla-hom_o to_o gain_v the_o throne_n resolve_v to_o divide_v the_o power_n thereof_o or_o that_o natural_o they_o be_v two_o distinct_a office_n which_o may_v be_v give_v to_o a_o single_a person_n however_o it_o be_v it_o be_v oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n corrupt_o call_v petratcha_n elephant_n of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o elephant_n who_o command_v all_o the_o elephant_n and_o all_o the_o horse_n and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a employment_n of_o the_o kingdom_n because_o that_o the_o elephant_n be_v esteem_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n principal_a force_n some_o there_o be_v who_o report_n that_o this_o prince_n maintain_v ten_o thousand_o but_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v know_v by_o reason_n that_o vanity_n always_o incline_v these_o people_n to_o lie_v and_o they_o be_v more_o vain_a in_o the_o matter_n of_o elephant_n than_o in_o any_o thing_n else_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o laos_n be_v call_v lan-tchang_a and_o its_o name_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v almost_o the_o same_o as_o the_o siamese_n signify_v ten_o million_o of_o elephant_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n keep_v therefore_o a_o very_a great_a number_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o three_o man_n at_o least_o be_v require_v for_o the_o service_n of_o every_o elephant_n and_o these_o man_n with_o all_o the_o officeer_n that_o command_v they_o be_v under_o the_o order_n of_o oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n who_o though_o he_o have_v only_o the_o title_n of_o oc-pra_a be_v yet_o a_o very_a great_a lord_n the_o people_n love_v he_o because_o he_o appear_v moderate_a and_o think_v he_o invulnerable_a because_o he_o express_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o courage_n in_o some_o fight_n against_o the_o peguin_n his_o courage_n have_v likewise_o procure_v he_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n his_o master_n his_o family_n have_v continue_v a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o high_a office_n be_v frequent_o ally_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o it_o be_v public_o report_v that_o he_o or_o his_o son_n oc-lovang_a souracac_n may_v pretend_v to_o it_o if_o either_o of_o they_o survive_v the_o king_n that_o now_o reign_v the_o mother_n of_o oc-pra_a pip_n â—haratcha_fw-mi be_v the_o king_n nurse_n and_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o first_o ambassador_n who_o we_o see_v here_o and_o when_o the_o king_n command_v the_o great_a barcalon_n the_o brother_n of_o this_o ambassador_n to_o be_v bastinado_v the_o last_o time_n it_o be_v oc-lovang_a souracac_n the_o son_n of_o oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n that_o bastinado_v he_o by_o the_o king_n order_n and_o in_o his_o presence_n the_o prince_n nurse_n the_o mother_n of_o the_o barcalon_n lie_v prostrate_a at_o his_o foot_n to_o obtain_v pardon_n for_o she_o son_n chap._n
viii_o concern_v the_o art_n of_o war_n among_o the_o siamese_n and_o of_o their_o force_n by_o sea_n and_o land_n war._n the_o siameses_n not_o proper_a for_o war._n the_o art_n of_o war_n be_v exceed_o ignore_v at_o siam_n the_o siamese_n be_v little_o incline_v to_o this_o trade_n the_o overquick_a imagination_n of_o the_o excessive_a hot_a country_n be_v not_o more_o proper_a for_o courage_n than_o the_o slow_a imagination_n of_o country_n extreme_o cold_a the_o sight_n of_o a_o naked_a sword_n be_v sufficient_a to_o put_v a_o hundred_o siamese_n to_o flight_n there_o needs_o only_o the_o assure_a tone_n of_o a_o european_a that_o wear_v a_o sword_n at_o his_o side_n or_o a_o cane_n in_o his_o hand_n to_o make_v they_o forget_v the_o most_o express_a order_n of_o their_o superior_n courage_n how_o contemptible_a the_o man_n in_o the_o indies_n be_v as_o to_o their_o courage_n i_o say_v moreover_o that_o every_o one_o bear_v in_o the_o indies_n be_v without_o courage_n although_o he_o be_v bear_v of_o european_a parent_n and_o the_o portuguese_n bear_v in_o the_o indies_n have_v be_v a_o real_a proof_n thereof_o a_o society_n of_o dutch_a merchant_n find_v in_o they_o only_o the_o name_n and_o the_o language_n and_o not_o the_o bravery_n of_o the_o portuguese_a and_o if_o other_o european_n go_v to_o seek_v out_o the_o dutch_a they_o will_v not_o be_v find_v more_o valorous_a the_o best_a constitute_v man_n be_v those_o of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n and_o among_o these_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o common_a aliment_n and_o of_o the_o place_n which_o they_o inhabit_v more_o or_o less_o hot_a dry_a or_o moist_a expose_v to_o the_o wind_n or_o to_o the_o sea_n plain_n or_o mountain_n wood_n or_o champain_n and_o much_o more_o the_o several_a government_n do_v cause_n very_o great_a difference_n for_o who_o doubt_n for_o example_n that_o the_o ancient_a greek_n bring_v up_o in_o liberty_n where_o incomparable_o more_o valorous_a than_o the_o present_a greek_n depress_v by_o so_o long_a a_o servitude_n all_o these_o reason_n do_v concur_v to_o effeminate_a the_o courage_n of_o the_o siamese_n i_o mean_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o climate_n the_o phlegmatic_a aliment_n and_o the_o despotic_a government_n blood_n the_o siamese_n abhor_v blood_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o metempsychosis_n inspire_v they_o with_o a_o horror_n of_o blood_n deprive_v they_o likewise_o of_o the_o spirit_n of_o war._n they_o busy_a themselves_o only_o in_o make_v slave_n if_o the_o peguin_n for_o example_n do_v on_o one_o side_n invade_v the_o land_n of_o siam_n the_o siamese_n will_v at_o another_o place_n enter_v on_o the_o land_n of_o pegu_n and_o both_o party_n will_v carry_v away_o whole_a village_n into_o captivity_n enemy_n how_o in_o fight_v they_o disguise_v the_o design_n of_o kill_v their_o enemy_n but_o if_o the_o army_n meet_v they_o will_v not_o shoot_v direct_o one_o against_o the_o other_o but_o high_a and_o yet_o as_o they_o endeavour_v to_o make_v these_o random_n shot_n to_o fall_v back_o upon_o the_o enemy_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v overtake_v therewith_o if_o they_o do_v not_o retreat_v one_o of_o the_o two_o party_n do_v not_o long_o defer_v from_o take_v flight_n upon_o perceive_v it_o never_o so_o little_a to_o rain_v dart_n or_o bullet_n but_o if_o the_o design_n be_v to_o stop_v the_o troop_n that_o come_v upon_o they_o they_o will_v shoot_v low_a than_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o the_o enemy_n approach_n the_o fault_n may_v be_v their_o own_o in_o come_v within_o the_o reach_n of_o be_v wound_v or_o slay_v kill_v not_o be_v the_o order_n which_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n give_v his_o troop_n when_o he_o send_v they_o into_o the_o field_n which_o can_v signify_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o kill_v absolute_o but_o that_o they_o shoot_v not_o direct_o upon_o the_o enemy_n frenchman_n how_o the_o king_n of_o singor_n be_v take_v by_o a_o frenchman_n some_o have_v upon_o this_o account_n inform_v i_o a_o thing_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n will_v appear_v most_o incredible_a it_o be_v of_o a_o provincial_a name_v cyprian_a who_o be_v still_o at_o surat_n in_o the_o french_a company_n be_v service_n if_o he_o have_v not_o quit_v it_o or_o if_o he_o be_v not_o late_o dead_a the_o name_n of_o his_o family_n i_o know_v not_o before_o his_o entrance_n into_o the_o company_n service_n he_o have_v serve_v some_o time_n in_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n army_n in_o quality_n of_o cannoneer_n and_o because_o he_o be_v prohibit_v from_o shoot_v straight_o he_o doubt_v not_o that_o the_o siamese_n general_n will_v betray_v the_o king_n his_o master_n this_o prince_n send_v afterward_o some_o troop_n against_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a or_o if_o you_o will_v against_o the_o king_n of_o singor_n on_o the_o western_a coast_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n cyprian_n weary_v with_o see_v the_o army_n in_o view_n which_o attempt_v no_o person_n life_n determine_v one_o night_n to_o go_v alone_o to_o the_o camp_n of_o the_o rebel_n and_o to_o fetch_v the_o king_n of_o singor_n into_o his_o tent._n he_o take_v he_o indeed_o and_o bring_v he_o to_o the_o siamese_n general_n and_o so_o terminate_v a_o war_n of_o above_o twenty_o year_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n intend_v to_o recompense_v this_o service_n of_o cyprian_a with_o a_o quantity_n of_o sapan-wood_n but_o by_o some_o intrigue_n of_o court_n he_o get_v nothing_o and_o retire_v to_o surat_n now_o though_o the_o siamese_n appear_v to_o we_o so_o little_a proper_a for_o war_n guard_n the_o siamese_n have_v little_a to_o fear_v from_o their_o neighbour_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v no_o other_o troop_n maintain_v than_o his_o foreign_a guard_n yet_o they_o cease_v not_o to_o make_v it_o frequent_o and_o advantageous_o by_o reason_n that_o their_o neighbour_n be_v neither_o more_o potent_a nor_o more_o valiant_a than_o they_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v no_o other_o troop_n maintain_v than_o his_o foreign_a guard_n of_o which_o i_o will_v speak_v in_o the_o sequel_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o chevalier_n de_fw-fr fourbin_n have_v show_v the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n to_o four_o hundred_o siamese_n which_o we_o find_v at_o bancock_n and_o that_o after_o he_o have_v quit_v this_o kingdom_n a_o englishman_n who_o have_v be_v a_o sergeant_n in_o the_o garrison_n of_o madraspatan_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o coromandel_n show_v this_o same_o exercise_n which_o he_o have_v learn_v under_o the_o chevalier_n de_fw-fr fourbin_n to_o about_o eight_o hundred_o other_o siamese_n to_o show_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n that_o the_o chevalier_n de_fw-fr fourbin_n be_v not_o necessary_a to_o he_o but_o all_o these_o soldier_n have_v no_o other_o pay_n than_o the_o exemption_n from_o the_o six_o month_n service_n for_o some_o of_o their_o family_n and_o as_o they_o can_v easy_o maintain_v themselves_o from_o their_o own_o house_n by_o reason_n they_o receive_v no_o money_n they_o remain_v at_o their_o own_o habitation_n the_o four_o hundred_o about_o bancock_n and_o the_o other_o eight_o hundred_o at_o louvo_n or_o thereabouts_o only_o for_o the_o security_n of_o bancock_n some_o detachment_n go_v thither_o by_o turn_n to_o keep_v a_o continual_a guard_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v thereabouts_o may_v render_v themselves_o in_o case_n of_o a_o alarm_n but_o according_a to_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n the_o garrison_n which_o it_o may_v have_v be_v compose_v of_o person_n who_o serve_v in_o this_o by_o six_o month_n as_o they_o shall_v serve_v in_o another_o thing_n and_o who_o be_v relieve_v by_o other_o when_o they_o have_v serve_v their_o full_a time_n the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n be_v very_o strong_a by_o its_o impenetaable_a wood_n fort_n the_o country_n of_o siam_n be_v very_o strong_a without_o fort_n and_o by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o channel_n wherewith_o it_o be_v intersperse_v and_o in_o fine_a by_o the_o annual_a innundation_n of_o six_o month_n the_o siamese_n will_v not_o hitherto_o have_v place_n well_o fortify_v for_o fear_n of_o lose_v they_o and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o retake_v they_o and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n they_o give_v i_o thereof_o the_o castle_n they_o have_v will_v hardly_o sustain_v the_o first_o shock_n of_o our_o soldier_n and_o though_o they_o be_v small_a and_o ugly_a because_o they_o will_v have_v they_o such_o yet_o be_v it_o necessary_a to_o employ_v the_o skill_n of_o the_o european_n to_o delineate_v they_o it_o be_v some_o year_n since_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n design_v to_o make_v a_o wooden_a fort_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o pegu_n fort._n the_o siamese_n know_v not_o how_o to_o make_v a_o wooden_a fort._n have_v no_o able_a a_o person_n to_o who_o he_o can_v entrust_v the_o care_n thereof_o than_o to_o one_o name_v brother_n rene_n charbonneau_n who_o
remote_a frontier_n he_o leave_v the_o inhabitant_n in_o their_o ancient_a right_n so_o that_o they_o enjoy_v the_o mine_n which_o they_o dig_v pay_v a_o small_a profit_n to_o this_o prince_n sapan_n ivory_n salt-petre_a lead_v sapan_n all_o the_o ivory_n come_v to_o the_o king_n his_o subject_n be_v oblige_v to_o vend_fw-mi he_o all_o that_o they_o sell_v and_o stranger_n can_v buy_v only_o at_o his_o magazine_n the_o trade_n of_o saltpetre_n lead_v and_o sapan_n belong_v also_o to_o the_o king_n they_o can_v buy_v and_o sell_v they_o only_o at_o his_o magazine_n whether_o one_o be_v a_o siamese_n or_o stranger_n arek_n arek_n arek_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o which_o be_v export_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n can_v be_v sell_v to_o foreigner_n only_o by_o the_o king_n and_o for_o this_o end_n he_o buy_v some_o of_o his_o subject_n beside_o that_o which_o he_o have_v from_o his_o particular_a revenue_n prohibit_v good_n as_o powder_n sulphur_n and_o arm_n beast_n prohibit_v good_n skin_n of_o beast_n can_v be_v buy_v or_o sell_v at_o siam_n only_o at_o the_o king_n magazine_n as_o to_o the_o skin_n of_o beast_n this_o prince_n be_v oblige_v by_o a_o treaty_n make_v with_o the_o hollander_n to_o sell_v they_o all_o to_o they_o and_o for_o this_o purpose_n he_o buy_v they_o of_o his_o subject_n but_o his_o subject_n do_v convey_v away_o a_o great_a many_o which_o the_o hollander_n buy_v of_o they_o in_o secret_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o commerce_n at_o siam_n be_v permit_v to_o all_o as_o that_o of_o rice_n fish_n person_n the_o commerce_n free_a to_o all_o person_n salt_n brown_a sugar_n sugar-candy_n ambergreese_v wax_n the_o gum_n with_o which_o varnish_n be_v make_v mother_n of_o pearl_n those_o edable_a birds-nest_n which_o come_v from_o tonquin_n and_o cochinchina_n which_o navaratte_n report_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o sea-froth_n in_o some_o rock_n by_o a_o kind_n of_o small_a sea-bird_n which_o resemble_v swallow_n gum_n gut_n incense_n oil_n coco_n cotton_n cinnamon_n nenuphar_n which_o be_v not_o exact_o like_o we_o cassia_n date_n and_o several_a other_o thing_n as_o well_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o bring_v from_o abroad_o every_o one_o may_v make_v and_o sell_v salt_n fish_n and_o hunt_v as_o i_o have_v declare_v hunt_v salt_n fish_v hunt_v and_o without_o pay_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o king_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o necessary_a policy_n be_v use_v in_o fish_v and_o oc-pra_a tainam_n who_o receive_v the_o particular_a revenue_n of_o the_o river_n hinder_v those_o way_n of_o fish_v which_o destroy_v too_o much_o fish_n at_o once_o amount_v to_o what_o sum_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n revenue_n amount_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v never_o be_v well_o pay_v his_o revenue_n in_o land_n remote_a from_o his_o court_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o ready_a money_n that_o he_o former_o receive_v amount_v to_o twelve_o hundred_o thousand_o livre_n and_o that_o what_o he_o now_o get_v amount_n to_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n or_o to_o two_o million_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a thing_n to_o know_v exact_o all_o that_o i_o can_v assert_v be_v that_o in_o this_o country_n it_o be_v report_v as_o a_o thing_n very_o considerable_a and_o which_o seem_v hyperbolical_a that_o the_o present_a king_n of_o siam_n have_v augment_v his_o revenue_n a_o million_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o royal_a seal_n and_o of_o the_o maha_n obarat_n there_o be_v no_o chancellor_n at_o siam_n person_n there_o be_v no_o chancellor_n at_o siam_n the_o king_n give_v not_o his_o seal_n to_o any_o person_n every_o officer_n that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o give_v the_o sentence_n or_o order_n in_o write_v which_o they_o call_v tara_n in_o general_a have_v a_o seal_n which_o the_o king_n give_v he_o and_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v his_o royal_a seal_n which_o he_o commit_v to_o no_o person_n whatever_o and_o of_o which_o he_o make_v use_v for_o the_o letter_n he_o write_v and_o for_o whatever_o proceed_v immediate_o from_o he_o the_o figure_n which_o be_v in_o the_o seal_n be_v not_o hollow_a but_o in_o relievo_n the_o seal_n be_v rub_v over_o with_o a_o kind_n of_o red_a ink_n and_o be_v print_v on_o the_o paper_n with_o the_o hand_n a_o inferior_a officer_n take_v this_o pain_n but_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o the_o officer_n to_o who_o the_o seal_n belong_v to_o pluck_v it_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n from_o the_o print_n after_o several_a remark_n which_o i_o have_v make_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o maha-oharat_a of_o the_o maha-oharat_a that_o whatever_o be_v do_v in_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n name_n have_v no_o power_n if_o it_o be_v not_o do_v at_o the_o place_n where_o this_o king_n actual_o reside_v certain_a reason_n have_v hinder_v why_o they_o have_v not_o certain_o inform_v i_o thereof_o however_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o for_o the_o reason_n which_o i_o have_v allege_v or_o for_o some_o other_o there_o be_v at_o siam_n as_o it_o be_v a_o viceroy_n who_o represent_v the_o king_n and_o perform_v the_o regal_a function_n in_o the_o king_n absence_n as_o when_o this_o prince_n be_v at_o war._n this_o officer_n be_v call_v maha-oharat_a as_o it_o be_v give_v i_o in_o writing_n or_o ommarat_n according_a to_o the_o abbot_n de_fw-fr choisy_n and_o mr._n gervaise_fw-fr and_o the_o abbot_n de_fw-fr choisy_n add_v that_o the_o maha_n omarat_n have_v a_o right_a of_o sit_v down_o in_o the_o king_n presence_n a_o circumstance_n which_o some_o have_v inform_v i_o to_o be_v peculiar_a to_o another_o officer_n of_o who_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o sequel_n at_o present_a they_o give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o pa-ya_a and_o they_o do_v thereunto_o add_v the_o word_n tchaou_fw-la which_o signify_v lord_n tchaou_fw-la pa-ya_a maha_n omrat_n sometime_o he_o have_v only_o the_o title_n of_o ocya_a as_o in_o vliet_n relation_n where_o he_o be_v call_v ocya_a ombrat_n he_o be_v thereunto_o qualify_v as_o chief_a of_o the_o nobility_n which_o signify_v nothing_o but_o the_o first_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o palace_n and_o of_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n guard_n without_o officer_n within_o and_o without_o it_o now_o remain_v for_o i_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o his_o house_n this_o prince_n palace_n have_v its_o officer_n within_o and_o its_o officer_n without_o but_o so_o different_a in_o dignity_n that_o a_o oc-meving_a within_o command_n all_o the_o ocya_a without_o they_o call_v officer_n within_o not_o only_o those_o which_o lodge_v always_o in_o the_o palace_n but_o those_o who_o function_n be_v exercise_v in_o the_o palace_n and_o they_o call_v officer_n without_o the_o palace_n not_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o have_v no_o function_n in_o the_o palace_n but_o those_o which_o have_v no_o function_n in_o the_o palace_n yet_o have_v not_o any_o without_o which_o respect_v not_o the_o service_n of_o the_o palace_n thus_o the_o spaniard_n have_v servant_n which_o they_o call_v de_fw-fr escalera_n arriba_fw-la and_o other_o which_o they_o call_v de_fw-fr escalera_n abaxo_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v servant_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stair_n or_o which_o may_v go_v up_o the_o stair_n to_o their_o master_n and_o to_o those_o to_o who_o their_o master_n send_v they_o and_o other_o who_o wait_v always_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stair_n palace_n three_o enclosure_n in_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n palace_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n palace_n have_v three_o enclosure_n and_o that_o of_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n have_v they_o so_o distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o that_o the_o space_n thereof_o appear_v like_o vast_a court_n all_o that_o the_o inward_a close_n include_v viz._n the_o king_n apartment_n some_o court_n and_o some_o garden_n be_v call_v vang_z in_o siamese_n the_o whole_a palace_n with_o all_o its_o enclosure_n be_v call_v prassat_n though_o vliet_n in_o the_o title_n of_o his_o relation_n translate_v the_o word_n prassat_n by_o that_o of_o throne_n the_o siamese_n neither_o enter_v into_o the_o vang_z nor_o depart_v thence_o without_o prostrate_v themselves_o and_o they_o pass_v not_o before_o the_o prassat_n and_o if_o sometime_o the_o stream_n of_o the_o water_n carry_v they_o and_o force_v they_o to_o pass_v thereby_o they_o be_v pelt_v with_o shower_n of_o pease_n which_o the_o king_n servant_n shoot_v over_o they_o with_o trunk_n mr._n the_o chaumont_n and_o the_o king_n ambassador_n land_v and_o leave_v their_o umbrella_n at_o the_o first_o entrance_n of_o the_o prassat_n vang_z of_o the_o ocya_a vang_z the_o ocya_a vang_z command_n in_o the_o vang_z and_o in_o he_o reunite_v all_o the_o function_n which_o respect_v the_o reparation_n of_o the_o palace_n the_o order_n which_o must_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o palace_n and_o the_o expense_n which_o be_v make_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o
the_o king_n of_o his_o wife_n and_o of_o his_o eunuch_n and_o of_o all_o those_o who_o this_o prince_n maintain_v in_o the_o vang_z it_o be_v the_o ocya_a vang_z who_o after_o the_o example_n of_o all_o the_o other_o governor_n which_o have_v receive_v the_o king_n ambassador_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o their_o government_n come_v to_o receive_v they_o at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o vang_z and_o who_o introduce_v they_o to_o the_o audience_n of_o the_o king_n his_o master_n admit_v the_o gate_n of_o the_o palace_n and_o of_o the_o precaution_n with_o which_o person_n be_v admit_v the_o gate_n of_o the_o palace_n be_v always_o shut_v and_o behind_o each_o stand_v a_o porter_n who_o have_v some_o arm_n but_o who_o instead_o of_o bear_v they_o keep_v they_o in_o his_o lodge_n near_o the_o gate_n if_o any_o one_o knock_n the_o porter_n advertise_v the_o officer_n who_o command_v in_o the_o first_o enclosure_n and_o without_o who_o permission_n no_o person_n enter_v in_o nor_o go_v out_o but_o no_o person_n enter_v arm_v nor_o after_o have_v drink_v arak_fw-mi to_o assure_v himself_o that_o no_o drunken_a man_n enter_v therein_o wherefore_o the_o officer_n view_v and_o smell_v the_o breath_n of_o all_o those_o that_o must_v enter_v therein_o tchion_n the_o meuing_fw-mi tchion_n this_o office_n be_v double_a and_o those_o that_o be_v in_o it_o do_v serve_v alternate_o and_o by_o day_n the_o day_n of_o service_n they_o continue_v twenty_o four_o whole_a hour_n in_o the_o palace_n and_o the_o other_o day_n they_o may_v be_v at_o home_n their_o title_n be_v oc-meving_a tchion_n of_o rather_o pra_z meuing_fw-mi tchion_n for_o at_o the_o palace_n before_o the_o word_n meuing_fw-mi there_o be_v some_o who_o put_v the_o word_n pra_z instead_o of_o oc_n though_o some_o have_v tell_v i_o that_o it_o be_v oc-meving_a and_o not_o pra-meving_a that_o he_o must_v be_v always_o call_v it_o be_v one_o of_o these_o meuing_fw-mi tchion_n who_o bring_v the_o first_o compliment_n from_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n to_o the_o ambassador_n when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o road_n and_o who_o stay_v constant_o with_o they_o after_o they_o be_v land_v as_o mr._n torpff_n continue_v always_o with_o the_o ambassador_n of_o siam_n arms._n paint_a arms._n between_o the_o two_o first_o enclosure_n and_o under_o a_o penthouse_n be_v a_o small_a number_n of_o soldier_n unarm_v and_o stoop_a they_o be_v those_o kenhai_n or_o paint_a arm_n of_o who_o i_o have_v speak_v the_o officer_n who_o command_v they_o immediate_o and_o who_o be_v a_o painted-arm_a himself_o be_v call_v oncarac_n and_o he_o and_o they_o be_v the_o prince_n his_o executioner_n as_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o the_o praetorian_a cohort_n be_v the_o executioner_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o omit_v not_o to_o watch_v the_o prince_n person_n for_o in_o the_o palace_n there_o be_v wherewith_o to_o arm_v they_o in_o case_n of_o need_n they_o row_v the_o balloon_n of_o state_n and_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v no_o other_o foot-guard_n their_o employment_n be_v hereditary_a like_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o ancient_a law_n import_v that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o exceed_v six_o hundred_o but_o this_o must_v doubtless_o be_v understand_v that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o six_o hundred_o for_o the_o palace_n for_o there_o must_v needs_o be_v many_o more_o in_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o the_o state_n because_o that_o the_o king_n as_o i_o have_v say_v elsewhere_o give_v thereof_o to_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o officer_n show_n a_o guard_n of_o slave_n for_o a_o show_n but_o this_o prince_n be_v not_o content_v with_o this_o guard_n on_o day_n of_o ceremony_n as_o be_v that_o of_o the_o first_o audience_n of_o the_o king_n ambassador_n on_o such_o occasion_n he_o cause_v his_o slave_n to_o be_v arm_v and_o if_o their_o number_n be_v not_o sufficient_a the_o slave_n of_o the_o principal_a officer_n be_v arm_v he_o give_v to_o they_o all_o some_o muslin_n shirt_n die_v red_a musket_n or_o bow_n or_o lance_n and_o pot_n of_o gild_a wood_n on_o their_o head_n which_o for_o this_o purpose_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o magazine_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o which_o in_o my_o opinion_n determine_v the_o number_n of_o these_o soldier_n of_o show_n they_o form_v a_o double_a rank_n at_o the_o reception_n of_o mr._n de_fw-fr chaumont_n and_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v past_a those_o which_o he_o have_v leave_v behind_o make_v haste_n to_o get_v before_o by_o the_o byway_n to_o go_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o vacant_a place_n which_o be_v leave_v for_o they_o in_o our_o time_n they_o march_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o ambassador_n till_o they_o stop_v up_o the_o space_n through_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v we_o also_o find_v part_n of_o these_o slave_n prostrate_v before_o the_o little_a stair_n which_o go_v up_o to_o the_o hall_n of_o audience_n some_o hold_v those_o little_a useless_a trumpet_n which_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o and_o other_o have_v before_o they_o those_o little_a drum_n which_o they_o never_o beat_v the_o meuing_fw-mi tchion_n be_v the_o nai_n of_o all_o these_o slave_n and_o these_o slave_n row_v the_o balon_n of_o the_o king_n retinue_n and_o be_v moreover_o employ_v on_o several_a work_n ancient_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v a_o japponese_a guard_n guard_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v no_o stand_v japponese_n guard_n compose_v of_o six_o hundred_o man_n but_o because_o these_o six_o hundred_o man_n alone_o can_v make_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o tremble_v when_o they_o please_v the_o present_a king_n father_n after_o have_v make_v use_v of_o they_o to_o invade_v the_o throne_n find_v out_o a_o way_n to_o rid_v himself_o of_o they_o more_o by_o policy_n than_o force_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n horse-guard_n be_v compose_v of_o man_n from_o laos_n laos_n the_o horse-guard_n from_o mien_n and_o laos_n and_o another_o neighbour_a country_n the_o chief_a city_n whereof_o be_v call_v mien_n and_o as_o the_o meens_n and_o laos_n do_v serve_v he_o by_o six_o month_n he_o make_v this_o guard_n as_o numerous_a as_o he_o please_v and_o as_o many_o horse_n as_o he_o will_v employ_v therein_o oc-coune_a run_v patchi_n command_v this_o guard_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n his_o son_n be_v in_o france_n and_o have_v for_o some_o year_n learn_v the_o trade_n of_o a_o fountain-maker_n at_o triannon_n oc-coune_a pipitcharatcha_n or_o as_o the_o people_n say_v oc-coune_a petratcha_n command_v the_o half_a of_o this_o guard_n which_o serve_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n but_o over_o these_o two_o officer_n ocya_a lao_n command_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o laos_n and_o ocya_a mien_n the_o guard_n of_o the_o mien_n and_o this_o ocya_a mien_n be_v a_o different_a person_n from_o he_o that_o prostitute_n lewd_a woman_n beside_o this_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v a_o foreign_a stand_a horse-guard_n horse-guard_n a_o foreign_a horse-guard_n which_o consist_v in_o a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o gentleman_n but_o neither_o they_o nor_o the_o mien_n nor_o the_o laos_n do_v ever_o keep_v guard_n in_o the_o palace_n notice_n be_v give_v they_o to_o accompany_v the_o king_n when_o he_o go_v out_o and_o thus_o all_o this_o be_v esteem_v the_o exterior_a service_n and_o not_o the_o interior_a service_n of_o the_o palace_n this_o foreign_a guard_n consist_v first_o in_o two_o company_n of_o thirty_o moor_n each_o compose_v of_o what_o it_o be_v compose_v native_n or_o original_o descend_v from_o the_o state_n of_o the_o mogul_n of_o a_o excellent_a mien_n but_o account_v coward_n second_o in_o a_o company_n of_o twenty_o chinese_n tartar_n arm_v with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o formidable_a for_o their_o courage_n and_o last_o in_o two_o company_n of_o twenty_o five_o man_n each_o pagan_n of_o the_o true_a india_n habit_v like_o the_o moor_n which_o be_v call_v rasbouts_o or_o raggibouts_o who_o boast_v themselves_o to_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a blood_n and_o who_o courage_n be_v very_o famous_a though_o it_o be_v only_o the_o effect_n of_o opium_n as_o i_o have_v before_o remark_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n supply_v this_o whole_a guard_n with_o arm_n and_o with_o horse_n cost_v what_o it_o cost_v and_o beside_o this_o every_o moor_n cost_v he_o three_o catis_n and_o twelve_o teil_n a_o year_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 540_o livre_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o a_o red_a stuff_n vest_n and_o every_o of_o the_o two_o moorish_a captain_n five_o catis_fw-la and_o twelve_o teil_n or_o 840_o livre_n and_o a_o scarlet_a vest_n the_o raggibouts_o be_v maintain_v according_a to_o the_o same_o rate_n but_o every_o chinese_n tartar_n cost_v he_o only_o six_o teil_n or_o 45_o livre_n a_o year_n and_o their_o captain_n fifteen_o teil_n or_o 112_o livre_n ten_o sol_n
second_o ambassador_n who_o we_o see_v here_o yet_o it_o happen_v also_o that_o in_o this_o country_n they_o hang_v themselves_o in_o despair_n when_o they_o see_v themselves_o reduce_v from_o a_o high_a employment_n to_o a_o extreme_a poverty_n and_o to_o the_o six_o month_n service_n due_a to_o the_o prince_n though_o this_o fall_v be_v not_o shameful_a i_o have_v say_v in_o another_o place_n criminal_n other_o be_v include_v in_o the_o punishment_n with_o the_o criminal_n that_o a_o father_n share_v sometime_o in_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o son_n as_o be_v bind_v to_o answer_v for_o the_o education_n which_o he_o have_v give_v he_o at_o china_n a_o officer_n answer_v for_o the_o fault_n of_o all_o the_o person_n of_o his_o family_n because_o they_o pretend_v that_o he_o who_o know_v not_o how_o to_o govern_v his_o own_o family_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o any_o public_a function_n the_o fear_n therefore_o which_o particular_a person_n have_v of_o see_v their_o family_n turn_v out_o of_o the_o employment_n which_o do_v make_v the_o splendour_n and_o support_v thereof_o render_v they_o all_o wise_a as_o if_o they_o be_v all_o magistrate_n in_o like_a manner_n at_o siam_n and_o at_o china_n a_o officer_n be_v punish_v for_o the_o offence_n of_o another_o officer_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o his_o order_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v to_o watch_v over_o he_o that_o depend_v on_o he_o and_o that_o have_v power_n to_o correct_v he_o he_o ought_v to_o answer_v for_o his_o conduct_n thus_o about_o three_o year_n since_o we_o see_v at_o siam_n for_o three_o day_n oc-pra-simo-ho-sot_n by_o nation_n a_o brame_n who_o be_v now_o in_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n council_n of_o state_n expose_v to_o the_o cangue_n with_o the_o head_n of_o a_o malefactor_n which_o they_o have_v put_v to_o death_n hang_v about_o his_o neck_n without_o be_v accuse_v of_o have_v have_v any_o other_o hand_n in_o the_o crime_n of_o he_o who_o head_n be_v hang_v to_o his_o neck_n than_o too_o great_a negligence_n in_o watch_v over_o a_o man_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o he_o after_o this_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n in_o my_o opinion_n that_o the_o bastinado_n shall_v be_v so_o frequent_a at_o siam_n sometime_o there_o may_v be_v see_v several_a officer_n at_o the_o cangue_n dispose_v in_o a_o circle_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o they_o will_v be_v the_o head_n of_o a_o man_n which_o they_o have_v put_v to_o death_n and_o this_o head_n will_v hang_v by_o several_a string_n from_o the_o neck_n of_o every_o one_o of_o these_o officer_n punish_v the_o least_o pretence_n for_o a_o crime_n be_v punish_v the_o worst_a be_v that_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o guilt_n render_v a_o action_n criminal_a to_o be_v accuse_v be_v almost_o sufficient_a to_o be_v culpable_a a_o action_n in_o itself_o innocent_a become_v bad_a so_o soon_o as_o any_o one_o think_v to_o make_v a_o crime_n thereof_o and_o from_o thence_o proceed_v the_o so_o frequent_a disgrace_n of_o the_o principal_a officer_n they_o know_v not_o how_o for_o instance_n to_o reckon_v up_o all_o the_o barcalon_n that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v have_v since_o he_o reign_v brethren_n the_o policy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n cruel_a against_o all_o and_o against_o their_o own_o brethren_n the_o greatness_n of_o the_o king_n who_o authority_n be_v despotical_a be_v to_o exercise_v power_n over_o all_o and_o over_o their_o own_o brethren_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n do_v maim_n they_o in_o several_a way_n when_o they_o can_v they_o take_v away_o or_o debilitate_v their_o sight_n by_o fire_n they_o render_v they_o impotent_a by_o dislocation_n of_o member_n or_o sottish_a by_o drink_n secure_v themselves_o and_o their_o child_n against_o the_o erterprise_n of_o their_o brethren_n only_o by_o render_v they_o incapable_a of_o reign_v he_o that_o now_o reign_v have_v not_o treat_v his_o better_a this_o prince_n will_v not_o therefore_o envy_v our_o king_n the_o sweetness_n of_o be_v belove_v by_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o glory_n of_o be_v dread_v by_o his_o enemy_n the_o idea_n of_o a_o great_a king_n be_v not_o at_o siam_n that_o he_o shall_v render_v himself_o terrible_a to_o his_o neighbour_n provide_v he_o be_v so_o to_o his_o subject_n populace_n the_o government_n of_o siam_n more_o burdensome_a to_o the_o noble_n than_o to_o the_o populace_n yet_o there_o be_v this_o reflection_n to_o be_v make_v on_o this_o sort_n of_o government_n that_o the_o yoke_n thereof_o be_v less_o heavy_a if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v on_o the_o populace_n than_o on_o the_o noble_n ambition_n in_o this_o country_n lead_v to_o slavery_n liberty_n and_o the_o other_o enjoyment_n of_o life_n be_v for_o the_o vulgar_a condition_n the_o more_o one_o be_v unknown_a to_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o further_a from_o he_o the_o great_a ease_n he_o enjoy_v and_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o employment_n of_o the_o province_n be_v there_o consider_v as_o a_o recompense_n of_o the_o service_n do_v in_o the_o palace_n siam_n how_o tempestuous_a the_o ministry_n be_v at_o siam_n the_o ministry_n there_o be_v tempestuous_a not_o only_o through_o the_o natural_a inconstancy_n which_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o prince_n mind_n but_o because_o that_o the_o way_n be_v open_a for_o all_o person_n to_o carry_v complaint_n to_o the_o prince_n against_o his_o minister_n and_o though_o the_o minister_n and_o all_o the_o other_o officer_n do_v employ_v all_o their_o artifices_fw-la to_o render_v these_o way_n of_o complaint_n ineffectual_a whereby_o one_o may_v attack_v they_o all_o yet_o all_o complaint_n be_v dangerous_a and_o sometime_o it_o be_v the_o slight_a which_o hurt_v and_o which_o subvert_v the_o best_a establish_a favour_n these_o example_n which_o very_o frequent_o happen_v do_v edify_v the_o people_n and_o if_o the_o present_a king_n have_v not_o too_o far_o extend_v his_o exaction_n without_o any_o real_a necessity_n his_o government_n will_v as_o much_o please_v the_o populace_n as_o it_o be_v terrible_a to_o the_o noble_n people_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n regard_n for_o his_o people_n nevertheless_o he_o have_v have_v that_o regard_n for_o his_o people_n as_o not_o to_o augment_v his_o duty_n on_o cultivated_a land_n and_o to_o lay_v no_o imposition_n on_o corn_n and_o fish_n to_o the_o end_n that_o what_o be_v necessary_a to_o life_n may_v not_o be_v dear_a a_o moderation_n so_o much_o the_o more_o admirable_a as_o it_o seem_v that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o expect_v any_o from_o a_o prince_n educate_v in_o this_o maxim_n that_o his_o glory_n consist_v in_o not_o set_v limit_n to_o his_o power_n and_o always_o in_o augment_v his_o treasure_n throne_n the_o inconvenience_n of_o this_o government_n it_o render_v the_o prince_n waver_v on_o his_o throne_n but_o these_o king_n which_o be_v so_o absolute_o the_o master_n of_o the_o fortune_n and_o life_n of_o their_o subject_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o waver_v in_o the_o throne_n they_o find_v not_o in_o any_o person_n or_o at_o most_o in_o a_o small_a number_n of_o domestic_n that_o fidelity_n or_o love_n which_o we_o have_v for_o our_o king_n the_o people_n which_o possess_v nothing_o in_o property_n and_o which_o do_v reckon_v only_o upon_o what_o they_o have_v bury_v in_o the_o ground_n as_o they_o have_v no_o solid_a establishment_n in_o their_o country_n so_o they_o have_v no_o obligation_n thereto_o be_v resolve_v to_o bear_v the_o same_o yoke_n under_o any_o prince_n whatever_o and_o have_v the_o assurance_n of_o not_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v a_o heavy_a they_o concern_v not_o themselves_o in_o the_o fortune_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o experience_n evince_n that_o upon_o the_o least_o trouble_n they_o let_v the_o crown_n go_v to_o who_o force_n or_o policy_n will_v give_v it_o a_o siamese_n a_o chinese_n a_o indian_a will_v easy_o die_v to_o exert_v a_o particular_a hatred_n or_o to_o avoid_v a_o miserable_a life_n or_o a_o too_o cruel_a death_n but_o to_o die_v for_o their_o prince_n and_o their_o country_n be_v not_o a_o virtue_n in_o their_o practice_n among_o they_o be_v not_o find_v the_o powerful_a motive_n by_o which_o our_o people_n animate_v themselves_o to_o a_o vigorous_a defence_n they_o have_v no_o inheritance_n to_o lose_v and_o liberty_n be_v oftentimes_o more_o burdensome_a to_o they_o than_o servitude_n the_o siamese_n which_o the_o king_n of_o pegu_n have_v take_v in_o war_n will_v live_v peaceable_a in_o pegu_n at_o twenty_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o frontier_n of_o siam_n and_o they_o will_v there_o cultivate_v the_o land_n which_o the_o king_n of_o pegu_n have_v give_v they_o no_o remembrance_n of_o their_o country_n make_v they_o to_o hate_v their_o new_a servitude_n and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o of_o the_o peguin_n which_o be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n the_o eastern_a king_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o
adoptive_a son_n of_o heaven_n king_n how_o uncertain_a the_o extreme_a respect_n of_o the_o oriental_n be_v for_o their_o king_n it_o be_v believe_v that_o they_o have_v soul_n celestial_a and_o as_o high_a above_o other_o soul_n by_o their_o merit_n as_o the_o royal_a condition_n appear_v more_o happy_a than_o that_o of_o other_o man_n nevertheless_o if_o any_o one_o of_o their_o subject_n revolt_n the_o people_n doubt_v present_o which_o of_o the_o two_o soulâ—_n be_v most_o valuable_a whether_o that_o of_o the_o lawful_a prince_n or_o that_o of_o the_o rebellious_a subject_n and_o whether_o the_o adoption_n of_o heaven_n have_v not_o pass_v from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o subject_a their_o history_n be_v all_o full_a of_o these_o example_n and_o that_o of_o china_n which_o father_n martinius_n have_v give_v we_o be_v curious_a in_o the_o ratiociniation_n by_o which_o the_o chineses_n i_o mean_v the_o chinese_n philosopher_n be_v often_o persuade_v that_o they_o follow_v the_o inclination_n of_o heaven_n in_o change_v their_o sovereign_n and_o sometime_o in_o prefer_v a_o high-way-man_n before_o their_o lawful_a prince_n but_o beside_o that_o the_o despotic_a authority_n be_v almost_o destitute_a of_o defence_n jealous_a these_o prince_n do_v oftentimes_o lose_v their_o authority_n by_o be_v too_o jealous_a it_o be_v moreover_o rather_o usurp_v by_o he_o that_o possess_v it_o in_o that_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o be_v less_o communicate_v whoever_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o spirit_n or_o person_n of_o a_o prince_n have_v almost_o nothing_o more_o to_o do_v to_o dispossess_v the_o prince_n because_o that_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o authority_n be_v too_o much_o reunite_v in_o the_o prince_n there_o be_v none_o beside_o he_o that_o prohibit_v it_o in_o case_n of_o need_n thus_o be_v it_o not_o lawful_a for_o a_o king_n to_o be_v a_o minor_a or_o too_o easy_a to_o let_v himself_o be_v govern_v the_o sceptre_n of_o this_o country_n soon_o fall_v from_o hand_n that_o need_v a_o support_n to_o sustain_v it_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o kingdom_n where_o several_a permanent_a body_n of_o magistracy_n divide_v the_o splendour_n and_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o royal_a authority_n these_o same_o body_n do_v preserve_v it_o entire_a for_o the_o king_n who_o impart_v it_o to_o they_o because_o they_o deliver_v not_o to_o the_o usurper_n that_o part_n which_o be_v in_o their_o hand_n and_o which_o alone_o suffice_v to_o save_v that_o which_o the_o king_n himself_o know_v not_o how_o to_o keep_v in_o the_o ancient_a rebellion_n of_o china_n it_o appear_v seal_n the_o peril_n in_o reunite_v all_o the_o royal_a authority_n in_o the_o seal_n that_o he_o who_o seize_v on_o the_o royal_a seal_n present_o render_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o because_o that_o the_o people_n obey_v the_o order_n where_o the_o seal_n appear_v without_o inform_v themselves_o in_o who_o hand_n the_o seal_n be_v and_o the_o jealousy_n which_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v of_o his_o that_o i_o have_v say_v he_o entrust_v with_o no_o person_n persuade_v i_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o in_o his_o country_n the_o danger_n therefore_o to_o these_o prince_n be_v in_o that_o wherein_o they_o place_v their_o security_n their_o policy_n require_v that_o their_o whole_a authority_n shall_v be_v in_o their_o seal_n to_o exercise_v it_o more_o entire_a themselves_o alone_a and_o this_o policy_n as_o much_o expose_v their_o authority_n as_o their_o seal_n be_v easy_a to_o lose_v the_o same_o danger_n be_v find_v in_o a_o great_a treasure_n chapter_n a_o public_a treasure_n necessary_a to_o despotic_a government_n and_o what_o be_v the_o inconvenience_n thereof_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o chapter_n the_o only_a spring_n of_o all_o the_o despotic_a government_n where_o the_o ruine_a people_n can_v supply_v extraordinary_a subsidy_n in_o public_a necessity_n in_o a_o great_a treasure_n all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o state_n reunite_v themselves_o and_o he_o that_o seize_v on_o the_o treasure_n seize_v on_o the_o state_n so_o that_o beside_o a_o treasure_n ruine_v the_o people_n on_o who_o it_o be_v levy_v it_o frequent_o serve_v against_o those_o that_o accumulate_v it_o and_o this_o likewise_o draw_v the_o dissipation_n thereof_o the_o indian_a government_n have_v therefore_o all_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o despotic_a government_n it_o render_v the_o prince_n and_o his_o subject_n equal_o uncertain_a it_o betray_v the_o royal_a authority_n and_o deliver_v it_o up_o entire_a under_o pretence_n of_o put_v the_o more_o entire_a management_n thereof_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o single_a person_n and_o moreover_o it_o deprive_v it_o of_o its_o natural_a defence_n by_o separate_v the_o whole_a interest_n of_o the_o subject_n from_o that_o of_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v therefore_o relate_v how_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n do_v treat_v their_o subject_n it_o remain_v to_o show_v how_o they_o treat_v as_o well_o with_o foreign_a prince_n by_o embassy_n as_o with_o the_o foreign_a nation_n which_o be_v flee_v to_o siam_n chap._n xv._o concern_v the_o form_n of_o embassy_n at_o siam_n europe_n the_o eastern_a ambassador_n represent_v not_o their_o master_n and_o be_v less_o honour_v than_o in_o europe_n a_o ambassador_n throughout_o the_o east_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o king_n messenger_n he_o represent_v not_o his_o master_n they_o honour_v he_o little_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o respect_n which_o be_v render_v to_o the_o letter_n of_o credence_n whereof_o he_o be_v bearer_n mr._n de_fw-fr chaumont_n though_o a_o ambassador_n extraordinary_a never_o have_v a_o balloon_n of_o the_o body_n not_o on_o the_o very_a day_n of_o his_o entrance_n and_o it_o be_v in_o a_o balloon_n of_o the_o body_n that_o the_o king_n letter_n be_v put_v which_o he_o have_v to_o deliver_v to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n this_o balloon_n have_v four_o vmbrella_n one_o at_o each_o corner_n of_o the_o seat_n and_o it_o be_v attend_v with_o four_o other_o balon_n of_o the_o body_n adorn_v with_o their_o vmbrella_n but_o empty_a as_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n when_o he_o go_v abroad_o in_o his_o coach_n and_o that_o he_o will_v be_v see_v and_o know_v have_v always_o one_o which_o follow_v he_o empty_a which_o be_v call_v the_o respeto_o a_o word_n and_o custom_n come_v from_o italy_n the_o king_n present_n be_v likewise_o carry_v in_o balon_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v observe_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o king_n envoy_n thus_o the_o oriental_n make_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o ambassador_n and_o a_o envoy_n and_o they_o understand_v not_o ambassador_n nor_o ordinary_a envoy_n nor_o resident_n because_o they_o send_v no_o person_n to_o reside_v at_o a_o foreign_a court_n but_o there_o to_o dispatch_v a_o business_n and_o return_v person_n the_o siamese_n embassy_n consist_v in_o three_o person_n the_o siamese_n do_v never_o send_v more_o nor_o less_o than_o three_o ambassador_n together_o the_o first_o be_v call_v rayja_n tout_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v royal_a messenger_n the_o second_o oubba_n tout_fw-fr and_o the_o three_o tri_n tout_fw-fr term_n which_o i_o understand_v not_o but_o the_o two_o last_o ambassador_n be_v oblige_v in_o every_o thing_n to_o follow_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o first_o letter_n they_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o messenger_n which_o carry_v a_o letter_n every_o one_o therefore_o who_o be_v the_o carrier_n of_o a_o letter_n from_o the_o king_n be_v repute_v a_o ambassador_n throughout_o the_o east_n wherefore_o after_o the_o ambassador_n of_o persia_n which_o mr._n de_fw-fr chaumont_n leave_v in_o the_o country_n of_o siam_n be_v dead_a at_o tenasserim_n his_o domestic_n have_v elect_v one_o among_o they_o to_o deliver_v the_o king_n of_o persia_n letter_n to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n he_o that_o be_v elect_v be_v receive_v without_o any_o other_o character_n as_o the_o real_a ambassador_n will_v have_v be_v and_o with_o the_o same_o honour_n which_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n have_v former_o grant_v to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o siam_n recepisse_fw-la he_o return_v they_o no_o answer_n but_o a_o recepisse_fw-la but_o that_o wherein_o they_o treat_v a_o ambassador_n like_o a_o mere_a messenger_n be_v that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n in_o the_o audience_n of_o leave_n give_v he_o a_o recepisse_fw-la of_o the_o letter_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o he_o and_o if_o this_o prince_n return_v a_o answer_n he_o give_v it_o not_o to_o he_o but_o he_o send_v his_o own_o ambassador_n with_o he_o to_o carry_v it_o ambassador_n how_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n be_v advertise_v of_o the_o arrival_n of_o a_o ambassador_n a_o foreign_a ambassador_n which_o arrive_v at_o siam_n be_v stop_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n until_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v receive_v intelligence_n thereof_o and_o if_o he_o be_v accompany_v with_o siamese_n ambassador_n as_o we_o be_v it_o belong_v to_o the_o
the_o siamese_n which_o embrace_v the_o religion_n of_o the_o moor_n have_v the_o privilege_n of_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o personal_a service_n but_o the_o barcalon_n moor_n soon_o experience_v the_o inconstancy_n of_o the_o fortune_n of_o siam_n he_o fall_v into_o disgrace_n and_o the_o credit_n of_o those_o of_o his_o nation_n fall_v afterward_o into_o decay_n the_o considerable_a office_n and_o employment_n be_v take_v away_o from_o they_o and_o the_o siamese_n which_o be_v turn_v mahumetan_n be_v force_v to_o pay_v in_o ready_a money_n for_o the_o six_o month_n service_n from_o which_o they_o have_v be_v exempt_v nevertheless_o their_o mosque_n be_v remain_v to_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o public_a protection_n which_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n give_v to_o their_o religion_n as_o to_o all_o foreign_a religion_n there_o be_v therefore_o three_o or_o four_o thousand_o moor_n at_o siam_n as_o many_o portuguese_n bear_v in_o india_n and_o as_o many_o chineses_n and_o perhaps_o as_o many_o malays_n beside_o what_o there_o be_v of_o other_o nation_n thence_o the_o foreign_a commerce_n cease_v at_o siam_n have_v cause_v the_o rich_a stranger_n and_o especial_o the_o moor_n to_o depart_v thence_o but_o the_o rich_a foreigner_n and_o especial_o the_o moor_n be_v retire_v elsewhere_o since_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n have_v reserve_v to_o himself_o alone_o almost_o all_o the_o foreign_a commerce_n the_o king_n his_o father_n have_v heretofore_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o perhaps_o it_o be_v the_o policy_n of_o siam_n to_o do_v it_o thus_o from_o time_n to_o time_n otherwise_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o have_v almost_o always_o leave_v the_o trade_n free_a and_o that_o it_o have_v frequent_o flourish_v at_o siam_n ferdinand_n mendez_n pinto_n report_v that_o in_o his_o time_n there_o be_v annual_o above_o a_o thousand_o foreign_a ship_n whereas_o at_o present_a there_o go_v no_o more_o than_o two_o or_o three_o dutch_a bark_n siam_n why_o the_o foreign_a trade_n cease_v at_o siam_n commerce_n require_v a_o certain_a liberty_n no_o person_n can_v resolve_v to_o go_v to_o siam_n necessary_o to_o sell_v unto_o the_o king_n what_o be_v carry_v thither_o and_o to_o buy_v of_o he_o alone_o what_o one_o will_v carry_v thence_o when_o this_o be_v not_o the_o product_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o though_o there_o be_v several_a foreign_a ship_n together_o at_o siam_n the_o trade_n be_v not_o permit_v from_o one_o ship_n to_o the_o other_o nor_o with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n native_n or_o foreigner_n till_o that_o the_o king_n under_o the_o pretence_n of_o a_o preference_n due_a to_o his_o royal_a dignity_n have_v purchase_v what_o be_v best_a in_o the_o ship_n and_o at_o his_o own_o rate_n to_o sell_v it_o afterward_o as_o he_o please_v because_o that_o when_o the_o season_n for_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o ship_n press_v on_o the_o merchant_n choose_v rather_o to_o sell_v to_o great_a loss_n and_o dear_o to_o buy_v a_o new_a cargo_n than_o to_o wait_v at_o siam_n a_o new_a season_n to_o depart_v without_o hope_n of_o make_v a_o better_a trade_n a_o siamese_n song_n say_v salmon_n eüy_o leûpacam_v son_n seüa_fw-la conêp_n neüa_fw-fr tchâon_fw-fr keun_fw-mi diaou_fw-la nayey_n pleng_fw-mi nij_fw-la co_fw-la tchaoüa_fw-la pleng_fw-mi day_n pleng_fw-mi labam_fw-la le_fw-fr tchaoüey_n tchautay_v pleng_fw-mi nij_fw-la cochaoüa_fw-la pleng_fw-mi so_o nayey_a peüy_o vongle_a chaóüey_n tchiong_o quovang_fw-ge nang_v tchang_n tchayleu_n tcha_fw-mi deun_fw-mi i_fw-mi musical_a instrument_n statue_n of_o somona_n codom_n a_o brass_n statue_n a_o brick_n statue_n in_o demi_fw-fr relief_n gildâ—â—_n a_o brass_n statue_n gild_v a_o platform_n of_o the_o hall_n of_o audience_n of_o siam_n a_o convent_n of_o talapoin_n a_o talapat_o leaf_n or_o the_o umbrelle_n of_o the_o talapoins_fw-fr in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v neither_o the_o natural_a riches_n trade_n the_o natural_a siamese_n can_v afford_v a_o great_a trade_n nor_o the_o manufacture_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n that_o shall_v tempt_v one_o to_o go_v thither_o the_o natural_a siamese_n ruin_v as_o they_o be_v by_o imposition_n and_o service_n can_v carry_v on_o a_o great_a trade_n though_o they_o shall_v have_v all_o the_o liberty_n imaginable_a the_o trade_n be_v manage_v only_o with_o the_o superfluous_a money_n and_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o imposition_n be_v very_o great_a there_o be_v scarce_o find_v money_n necessary_a for_o life_n the_o vast_a sum_n levy_v on_o the_o people_n return_v slow_o to_o the_o people_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o remote_a province_n and_o the_o whole_a do_v not_o return_v because_o that_o a_o great_a part_n thereof_o remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o those_o that_o tend_v upon_o the_o receipt_n and_o expense_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o as_o to_o that_o part_n which_o return_v to_o the_o people_n it_o remain_v not_o in_o their_o hand_n for_o their_o use_n it_o soon_o go_v thence_o to_o return_v to_o the_o prince_n coffer_n so_o that_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o all_o the_o small_a trade_n do_v cease_v for_o want_v of_o money_n which_o can_v be_v but_o the_o general_a commerce_n of_o a_o state_n do_v great_o suffer_v but_o this_o be_v yet_o much_o true_a at_o siam_n where_o the_o prince_n annual_o accumulate_v his_o revenue_n instead_o of_o expend_v they_o have_v thus_o explain_v what_o respect_v the_o king_n the_o officer_n and_o the_o people_n of_o siam_n it_o remain_v to_o speak_v of_o their_o talapoin_n or_o priest_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o talapoin_n and_o their_o convent_v they_o live_v in_o convent_v which_o the_o siamese_n do_v call_v vat_n pagod_o the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o word_n pagod_o and_o they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o temple_n which_o the_o siamese_n do_v call_v pihan_n and_o the_o portuguese_n pagode_v from_o the_o persian_a word_n poutgheda_n which_o signify_v a_o temple_n of_o idol_n but_o the_o portuguese_n do_v use_v the_o word_n pagode_v to_o signify_v equal_o the_o idol_n and_o the_o temple_n the_o temple_n and_o the_o convent_n do_v take_v up_o a_o very_a great_a square_a piece_n of_o ground_n talapoin_n a_o description_n of_o the_o convent_v of_o the_o talapoin_n encompass_v with_o a_o enclosure_n of_o bambou_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ground_n stand_v the_o temple_n as_o in_o the_o place_n esteem_v the_o most_o honourable_a in_o their_o encampment_n and_o at_o the_o corner_n of_o this_o ground_n and_o along_o the_o bambou_n enclosure_n be_v range_v the_o cell_n of_o the_o talapoin_n like_o the_o tent_n of_o a_o army_n and_o sometime_o the_o row_v thereof_o be_v double_a or_o triple_a these_o cell_n be_v little_a single_a house_n erect_v on_o pile_n and_o that_o of_o the_o superior_a be_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o a_o little_o large_a and_o high_a than_o the_o rest_n the_o pyramid_n stand_v near_o and_o quite_o round_o the_o temple_n and_o the_o ground_n which_o the_o temple_n and_o the_o pyramid_n take_v up_o beside_o its_o be_v high_a be_v enclose_v between_o four_o wall_n but_o from_o these_o wall_n to_o the_o cell_n there_o likewise_o remain_v a_o great_a void_a piece_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o convent_n sometime_o these_o wall_n be_v all_o bare_a and_o serve_v only_a as_o a_o enclosure_n to_o the_o ground_n which_o the_o temple_n and_o the_o pyramid_n take_v up_o sometime_o along_o these_o wall_n there_o be_v cover_v gallery_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o those_o which_o in_o our_o religious_a house_n we_o call_v the_o cloister_n and_o on_o a_o counterwall_v breast_n high_a which_o run_v along_o these_o gallery_n they_o place_n in_o a_o train_n and_o close_o together_o a_o great_a number_n of_o idol_n sometime_o gild_v though_o at_o siam_n there_o be_v some_o talapoiness_n or_o woman_n talapoiness_n they_o have_v cell_n for_o the_o talapoiness_n who_o in_o most_o thing_n do_v observe_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o talapoin_n yet_o they_o have_v no_o 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of_o ruling_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o china_n be_v in_o their_o opinion_n a_o donative_n from_o heaven_n which_o they_o call_v celestial_a reason_n or_o reason_n give_v by_o heaven_n and_o like_a to_o that_o of_o heaven_n the_o virtue_n of_o subject_n according_a to_o they_o the_o regard_v of_o the_o citizen_n as_o well_o from_o one_o to_o another_o as_o from_o all_o towards_o their_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o china_n be_v the_o work_n of_o good_a king_n it_o be_v a_o small_a matter_n say_v they_o to_o punish_v crime_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o a_o king_n prevent_v they_o by_o his_o virtue_n they_o extol_v one_o of_o their_o king_n for_o have_v reign_v twenty_o two_o year_n the_o people_n not_o perceive_v that_o be_v to_o say_v not_o feel_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o royal_a authority_n no_o more_o than_o the_o force_n which_o move_v nature_n and_o which_o they_o attribute_v to_o heaven_n they_o report_v then_o that_o for_o these_o twenty_o two_o year_n 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ancestor_n but_o by_o little_a and_o little_a the_o man_n of_o letter_n that_o be_v to_o say_v learning_n the_o impiety_n of_o the_o present_a chineses_n which_o be_v man_n of_o learning_n those_o that_o have_v some_o degree_n of_o literature_n and_o who_o alone_o have_v a_o hand_n in_o the_o government_n be_v become_v altogether_o impious_a and_o yet_o have_v alter_v nothing_o in_o the_o language_n of_o their_o predecessor_n have_v make_v of_o the_o soul_n of_o heaven_n and_o of_o all_o the_o other_o soul_n i_o know_v not_o what_o aerial_a substance_n vuprovided_a of_o intelligence_n and_o for_o the_o judge_n of_o our_o work_n they_o have_v establish_v a_o blind_a fatality_n which_o in_o their_o opinion_n make_v that_o which_o may_v exercise_v a_o omnipotent_a and_o illuminate_v justice_n how_o ancient_a this_o impiety_n be_v at_o china_n belong_v not_o to_o i_o to_o determine_v father_n de_fw-fr rhodes_n in_o his_o
even_o in_o this_o age_n that_o when_o the_o king_n be_v obstinate_a not_o to_o hear_v any_o important_a reproof_n the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n to_o the_o number_n sometime_o of_o two_o thousand_o have_v enter_v into_o his_o palace_n there_o to_o lay_v down_o the_o badge_n of_o their_o office_n so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o king_n of_o china_n can_v continue_v king_n if_o he_o be_v vicious_a to_o a_o certain_a degree_n thus_o some_o tell_v he_o incessant_o that_o it_o be_v his_o example_n which_o must_v render_v the_o magistrate_n and_o the_o people_n virtuous_a and_o that_o if_o he_o depart_v from_o the_o virtue_n of_o his_o ancestor_n the_o magistrate_n and_o people_n grow_v debauch_v in_o their_o moral_n will_v forget_v their_o fidelity_n which_o they_o owe_v he_o and_o which_o be_v their_o first_o duty_n and_o their_o first_o virtue_n example_n hereof_o be_v frequent_a in_o their_o history_n in_o which_o they_o have_v not_o better_o provide_v for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o master_n than_o all_o the_o other_o despotic_a state_n according_a to_o they_o it_o be_v 4000_o year_n that_o their_o kingdom_n have_v continue_v in_o these_o maxim_n which_o render_v it_o the_o admiration_n of_o all_o its_o neighbour_n st._n francis_n xavier_n report_v in_o his_o letter_n that_o the_o japponese_n incessant_o object_v to_o he_o that_o the_o christian_a religion_n can_v not_o be_v true_a see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o know_v by_o the_o chinese_n yet_o i_o know_v that_o the_o chineses_n have_v some_o vice_n but_o they_o perhaps_o sin_v less_o against_o their_o moral_a law_n than_o we_o do_v against_o we_o how_o much_o have_v our_o moral_n degenerate_v from_o those_o of_o our_o ancestor_n and_o the_o chinese_n more_o ancient_a than_o we_o do_v still_o esteem_v it_o a_o disgrace_n to_o violate_v their_o moral_n in_o public_a and_o to_o fail_v in_o the_o respect_n which_o they_o owe_v to_o one_o another_o either_o by_o any_o disobedience_n to_o their_o parent_n or_o by_o any_o quarrel_n with_o their_o equal_n they_o be_v infidel_n say_v some_o in_o commerce_n but_o it_o may_v be_v they_o be_v only_o so_o with_o stranger_n as_o the_o hebrew_n lend_v money_n to_o usury_n to_o stranger_n only_o and_o beside_o the_o chinese_n which_o have_v commerce_n with_o stranger_n be_v those_o of_o the_o frontier_n who_o manner_n this_o very_a foreign_a commerce_n have_v deprave_v the_o great_a vice_n of_o the_o chinese_n be_v doubtless_o a_o extreme_a hypocrisy_n but_o beside_o that_o it_o reign_v every_o where_o because_o it_o be_v a_o vice_n which_o be_v free_a from_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o law_n it_o be_v perhaps_o a_o less_o evil_a than_o a_o public_a corruption_n but_o if_o the_o chinese_n history_n may_v be_v credit_v it_o be_v virtue_n alone_o that_o have_v form_v this_o great_a empire_n the_o love_n of_o their_o law_n which_o be_v at_o first_o establish_v in_o a_o corner_n of_o this_o country_n gradual_o draw_v all_o the_o neighbour_a province_n under_o the_o same_o yoke_n it_o not_o appear_v that_o the_o chineses_n have_v conquer_v these_o province_n by_o any_o war_n it_o be_v true_a that_o all_o these_o little_a state_n which_o be_v at_o the_o beginning_n as_o so_o many_o hereditary_a fief_n give_v usual_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n have_v be_v reunite_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o civil_a war_n when_o the_o royal_a race_n have_v change_v and_o that_o usurper_n have_v expel_v the_o lawful_a king_n from_o the_o throne_n but_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o first_o subjection_n of_o all_o these_o little_a state_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o china_n have_v be_v voluntary_a they_o say_v that_o 44_o kingdom_n enamour_v with_o the_o virtue_n of_o venvam_n submit_v to_o his_o law_n he_o reign_v over_o the_o two_o three_o of_o china_n when_o it_o be_v yet_o divide_v however_o it_o be_v the_o chineses_n have_v be_v continual_o enemy_n to_o war_n as_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o corruption_n of_o manner_n and_o they_o have_v prefer_v morality_n before_o all_o the_o glory_n of_o conquest_n and_o all_o the_o advantage_n of_o commerce_n with_o stranger_n king_n sve_v the_o nine_o of_o the_o race_n hana_n 60_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o jesus_n christ_n dread_v the_o consequence_n of_o any_o motion_n of_o the_o tartar_n which_o sometime_o before_o have_v be_v confine_v within_o their_o mountain_n by_o hiaovu_o and_o who_o be_v return_v to_o seize_v on_o the_o flat_a country_n resolve_v to_o prevent_v they_o and_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o before_o they_o have_v put_v themselves_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o carry_v it_o into_o china_n in_o another_o country_n this_o prudence_n may_v have_v be_v approve_v but_o it_o be_v not_o at_o china_n where_o the_o care_n of_o good_a manner_n be_v the_o main_a affair_n of_o the_o state_n the_o history_n therefore_o relate_v that_o his_o chief_a minister_n dissuade_v he_o from_o this_o enterprise_n by_o this_o discourse_n what_o sir_n do_v you_o think_v to_o invade_v foreign_a country_n when_o there_o be_v such_o great_a thing_n to_o reform_v in_o your_o own_o a_o prodigy_n to_o this_o hour_n unheard_a of_o among_o we_o in_o this_o year_n a_o son_n have_v slay_v his_o father_n seven_o young_a brother_n have_v kill_v their_o 25_o elder_a brethren_n these_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o a_o intolerable_a boldness_n and_o which_o presage_n a_o very_a dangerous_a corruption_n in_o our_o manner_n it_o be_v what_o we_o ought_v to_o be_v alarm_a at_n it_o be_v to_o what_o a_o speedy_a remedy_n must_v be_v apply_v for_o so_o long_o as_o these_o crime_n shall_v not_o be_v suffer_v at_o china_n china_n will_v have_v nothing_o to_o fear_v from_o the_o tartar_n but_o if_o they_o be_v once_o permit_v i_o fear_v that_o they_o will_v not_o only_o extend_v themselves_o into_o all_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o even_o into_o the_o imperial_a palace_n under_o juen_n the_o ten_o king_n of_o the_o same_o race_n the_o province_n of_o 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