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which_o be_v chief_o the_o civilian_n there_o may_v be_v a_o abdication_n that_o may_v forfeit_v the_o power_n of_o a_o king_n only_o and_o there_o may_v be_v one_o that_o may_v forfeit_v both_o that_o and_o the_o crown_n too_o it_o be_v a_o distinction_n indeed_o in_o other_o word_n but_o to_o the_o same_o sense_n i_o will_v tell_v you_o present_o why_o i_o use_v it_o those_o abdication_n that_o be_v of_o power_n only_o be_v incapacity_n whether_o those_o i_o call_v natural_a and_o involuntary_a as_o defect_n of_o sense_n age_n or_o body_n or_o the_o like_a or_o moral_a and_o voluntary_a as_o contrariety_n in_o religion_n a_o instance_n whereof_o there_o be_v late_o in_o portugal_n which_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n only_o of_o the_o power_n and_o not_o of_o the_o name_n and_o honour_n of_o a_o king_n for_o though_o the_o administration_n be_v put_v into_o the_o young_a brother_n hand_n the_o patent_n and_o other_o public_a instrument_n run_v in_o the_o elder_a brothers's_n name_v this_n 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which_o declare_v the_o throne_n to_o be_v vacant_a that_o no_o act_n of_o the_o king_n be_v alone_a can_v bar_n or_o destroy_v the_o right_n of_o his_o heir_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v hereditary_a and_o not_o elective_a and_o then_o if_o this_o matter_n go_v no_o far_a than_o king_n james_n the_o second_o in_o his_o own_o person_n how_o come_v the_o vacancy_n and_o the_o supply_n to_o be_v devolve_v upon_o the_o people_n for_o if_o he_o only_o be_v set_v aside_o than_o it_o be_v apparent_a whether_o the_o crown_n be_v to_o go_v to_o the_o person_n that_o have_v the_o next_o right_n of_o succession_n and_o consequent_o there_o be_v no_o vacancy_n earl_n of_o n_n m._n gentleman_n i_o will_v not_o protract_v time_n which_o be_v now_o so_o necessary_a to_o be_v husband_v nor_o perplex_a debate_n about_o any_o affair_n like_o that_o which_o lie_v now_o before_o we_o it_o be_v not_o a_o question_n bare_o about_o word_n but_o thing_n which_o we_o be_v now_o dispute_v the_o word_n 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reason_n who_o have_v declare_v that_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o secure_v the_o nation_n against_o the_o return_n of_o king_n james_n into_o this_o kingdom_n and_o will_v therefore_o concur_v with_o the_o commons_o in_o any_o act_n that_o shall_v be_v think_v necessary_a to_o prevent_v such_o his_o return_n so_o that_o it_o shall_v seem_v we_o be_v agree_v in_o that_o matter_n and_o if_o that_o be_v the_o point_n we_o shall_v find_v word_n proper_a soon_o enough_o to_o express_v our_o meaning_n by_o but_o i_o find_v neither_o of_o these_o word_n will_v on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o on_o the_o other_o be_v allow_v to_o signify_v this_o mean_v therefore_o we_o shall_v as_o i_o take_v it_o come_v present_o to_o think_v of_o some_o other_o that_o will_v but_o the_o reason_n why_o my_o lord_n do_v chief_o insist_v upon_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o word_n abdicate_v be_v because_o they_o do_v apprehend_v that_o it_o be_v a_o word_n not_o know_v to_o our_o law_n there_o may_v be_v other_o 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point_n in_o difference_n we_o be_v go_v back_o too_o far_o when_o we_o offer_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o original_a contract_n whether_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v know_v or_o understand_v in_o our_o law_n or_o constitution_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v new_a language_n among_o we_o and_o i_o offer_v this_o to_o your_o lordship_n consideration_n for_o two_o reason_n first_o it_o be_v a_o phrase_n and_o thing_n use_v by_o the_o learned_a mr._n hooker_n in_o his_o book_n of_o ecclesiastical_a polity_n who_o i_o mention_v as_o a_o valuable_a authority_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a man_n the_o best_a church_n man_n and_o the_o most_o learned_a
the_o tenor_n of_o those_o law_n and_o the_o coronation_z oath_n oblige_v he_o likewise_o to_o consent_v to_o such_o law_n as_o the_o people_n shall_v choose_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a by_o that_o unfortunate_a persuasion_n in_o point_n of_o religion_n that_o he_o have_v embrace_v he_o be_v oblige_v to_o suspend_v the_o law_n that_o defend_v the_o establish_v religion_n and_o to_o treat_v it_o as_o it_o have_v be_v as_o we_o well_o know_v call_v as_o the_o northern_a heresy_n and_o under_o pain_n of_o damnation_n to_o extirpate_v it_o and_o in_o order_n to_o it_o do_v set_v aside_o and_o repeal_v all_o the_o legal_a fence_n of_o it_o without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n what_o the_o endeavour_n and_o practice_n of_o that_o kind_n have_v be_v in_o the_o last_o reign_n i_o suppose_v we_o be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v tell_v of_o or_o instruct_v in_o and_o if_o as_o be_v very_o plain_a this_o do_v amount_v to_o a_o manifest_a declaration_n of_o his_o will_n no_o long_o to_o retain_v the_o exercise_n of_o his_o kingly_a office_n thus_o limit_v thus_o restrain_v then_o in_o common_a sense_n as_o well_o as_o legal_a acceptation_n he_o have_v suffitient_o declare_v his_o renounce_v of_o the_o very_a office_n as_o for_o his_o departure_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o material_a whether_o it_o be_v voluntary_a or_o involuntary_a but_o it_o be_v suffitient_a that_o his_o act_n declare_v quo_fw-la animo_fw-la he_o go_v away_o he_o no_o long_o will_v pursue_v what_o he_o design_v and_o be_v so_o strong_o oblige_v unto_o the_o contrary_a by_o the_o duty_n of_o his_o office_n and_o relation_n and_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n as_o likewise_o his_o own_o coronation_n oath_n and_o then_o he_o desire_v no_o long_o to_o be_v here_o so_o that_o take_v both_o these_o thing_n together_o that_o he_o will_v not_o nay_o he_o can_v as_o thus_o persuade_v in_o point_n of_o religion_n govern_v according_a to_o law_n and_o thereupon_o have_v withdraw_v 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conclusion_n and_o not_o of_o the_o premise_n the_o vote_n run_v thus_o that_o by_o break_v the_o original_a contract_n have_v endeavour_v to_o subvert_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o have_v withdraw_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n and_o the_o throne_n be_v thereby_o vacant_a i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v as_o i_o say_v part_n of_o the_o conclusion_n the_o other_o part_n be_v join_v by_o a_o copulative_a therefore_o that_o which_o be_v but_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o conclusion_n be_v not_o to_o be_v infer_v from_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o premise_n but_o take_v it_o to_o be_v as_o you_o say_v that_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n be_v another_o distinct_a conclusion_n from_o all_o that_o precede_v as_o the_o premise_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v last_o i_o will_v then_o beg_v the_o favour_n of_o you_o gentleman_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o to_o answer_v i_o one_o question_v about_o this_o point_n of_o abdication_n whether_o you_o mean_v by_o abdication_n a_o renounce_v for_o himself_o or_o for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n if_o you_o mean_v only_a abdication_n for_o himself_o it_o will_v have_v a_o different_a influence_n upon_o the_o debate_n and_o resolution_n of_o the_o case_n as_o to_o the_o meaning_n of_o that_o you_o call_v the_o conclusion_n for_o then_o how_o can_v the_o throne_n be_v vacant_a but_o if_o it_o be_v mean_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n than_o i_o apprehend_v it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o you_o say_v at_o the_o end_n that_o the_o throne_n be_v indeed_o vacant_a and_o then_o this_o abdication_n can_v be_v part_n of_o the_o premise_n but_o must_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o or_o part_n of_o the_o conclusion_n i_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o dispute_v whether_o a_o king_n of_o england_n may_v or_o may_v not_o renounce_v his_o kingdom_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o think_v he_o can_v and_o i_o may_v go_v so_o far_o in_o agreement_n with_o those_o that_o have_v speak_v to_o this_o point_n to_o yield_v that_o he_o may_v do_v it_o by_o implicit_a act_n contrary_a to_o the_o kingly_a office_n for_o a_o king_n to_o say_v he_o will_v not_o govern_v according_a to_o law_n and_o for_o a_o king_n to_o act_v whole_o contrary_a to_o law_n and_o do_v that_o which_o will_v subvert_v the_o constitution_n be_v i_o think_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o then_o i_o must_v say_v also_o that_o i_o think_v there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o say_v so_o and_o do_v something_o inconsistent_a with_o what_o the_o law_n require_v for_o every_o deviation_n from_o the_o law_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o breach_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n for_o i_o know_v no_o law_n as_o law_n but_o what_o be_v fundamental_a constitution_n as_o the_o law_n be_v necessary_a so_o far_o as_o to_o support_v the_o foundation_n but_o if_o every_o transgression_n or_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n by_o the_o prince_n connivance_n or_o command_n be_v 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infer_v from_o the_o fact_n enumerate_v in_o the_o vote_n that_o this_o shall_v be_v a_o abdication_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n but_o therefore_o because_o in_o this_o first_o point_v it_o be_v disputable_a what_o be_v mean_v by_o a_o word_n not_o know_v of_o signification_n in_o the_o law_n it_o may_v i_o think_v do_v well_o to_o consider_v what_o be_v to_o be_v infer_v from_o it_o and_o therefore_o all_o i_o have_v now_o say_v be_v only_o to_o this_o purpose_n that_o either_o both_o make_v one_o conclusion_n or_o else_o the_o latter_a can_v be_v infer_v from_o the_o former_a sir_n george_n t_o y._n i_o beg_v leave_n to_o say_v something_o to_o what_o this_o noble_a lord_n have_v last_o speak_v unto_o when_o i_o call_v this_o point_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n a_o conclusion_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v altogether_o to_o exclude_v abdication_n from_o be_v a_o conclusion_n from_o the_o particular_n enumerate_v before_o for_o indeed_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o double_a conclusion_n one_o from_o the_o particular_a fact_n mention_v that_o thereby_o king_n james_n have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n the_o other_o from_o the_o abdication_n that_o thereby_o the_o throne_n be_v vacant_a by_o the_o instance_a act_n he_o have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n and_o by_o his_o abdicate_v the_o government_n the_o throne_n be_v vacant_a as_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o which_o his_o lordship_n be_v please_v to_o say_v i_o perceive_v he_o do_v as_o he_o must_v agree_v to_o i_o that_o a_o king_n may_v renounce_v by_o act_n as_o well_o as_o word_n or_o write_n but_o then_o i_o will_v add_v and_o agree_v with_o his_o lordship_n also_o that_o god_n forbid_v every_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n or_o deviation_n from_o it_o shall_v be_v reckon_v a_o abdication_n of_o the_o
government_n i_o desire_v to_o deliver_v myself_o from_o the_o imputation_n of_o any_o such_o absurd_a conceit_n when_o a_o king_n break_v the_o law_n in_o some_o few_o particular_a instance_n it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o take_v a_o account_n of_o it_o from_o those_o evil_a minister_n that_o be_v instrumental_a in_o it_o why_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v do_v which_o be_v against_o law_n why_o such_o a_o law_n be_v not_o execute_v by_o they_o who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o see_v it_o put_v in_o execution_n you_o may_v in_o ordinary_a case_n of_o break_v the_o law_n have_v remedy_n in_o the_o ordinary_a court_n and_o course_n of_o justice_n but_o sure_a he_o do_v not_o take_v this_o to_o be_v such_o a_o case_n or_o these_o to_o be_v ordinary_a violation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o extraordinary_a case_n the_o extraordinary_a remedy_n to_o be_v recur_v unto_o for_o the_o king_n have_v a_o limit_a authority_n by_o which_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v the_o law_n make_v as_o to_o the_o executive_a part_n of_o the_o government_n and_o to_o observe_v the_o constitution_n for_o make_v such_o new_a law_n as_o the_o people_n shall_v find_v necessary_a and_o present_v he_o for_o his_o consent_n when_o he_o do_v violate_v not_o a_o particular_a law_n but_o all_o the_o fundamental_o nor_o injure_v a_o particular_a person_n in_o religion_n liberty_n or_o property_n but_o fall_v upon_o the_o whole_a constitution_n itself_o what_o do_v all_o this_o speak_v he_o therein_o say_v i_o will_v no_o more_o keep_v within_o my_o limit_a authority_n nor_o hold_v my_o kingly_a office_n upon_o such_o term_n this_o title_n i_o have_v by_o the_o original_a contract_n between_o king_n and_o people_n i_o renounce_v that_o and_o will_v assume_v another_o title_n to_o myself_o that_o be_v such_o a_o title_n as_o by_o which_o i_o may_v act_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o such_o law_n to_o circumscribe_v my_o authority_n where_o shall_v any_o man_n come_v to_o have_v redress_n in_o 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need_n of_o stand_v upon_o a_o vacancy_n if_o we_o be_v to_o fill_v it_o according_a to_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o time_n and_o of_o those_o that_o be_v to_o make_v the_o choice_n that_o divert_v the_o course_n of_o inheritance_n put_v it_o into_o another_o line_n and_o i_o can_v see_v by_o what_o authority_n we_o can_v do_v that_o or_o change_v our_o ancient_a constitution_n without_o commit_v the_o same_o fault_n we_o have_v lay_v upon_o the_o king_n these_o be_v the_o objection_n against_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n which_o occur_v to_o i_o and_o we_o my_o lord_n desire_v a_o satisfaction_n to_o they_o before_o we_o agree_v to_o the_o vacancy_n and_o i_o think_v the_o answer_v they_o will_v lead_v we_o unto_o that_o which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o main_a point_n in_o question_n whether_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o fill_v it_o again_o will_v not_o as_o my_o lord_n say_v endanger_v the_o turn_v this_o hereditary_a monarchy_n of_o we_o into_o a_o elective_a one_o mr._n s_o l._n my_o lord_n it_o seem_v very_o strange_a to_o we_o that_o this_o question_n shall_v be_v ask_v we_o when_o we_o come_v to_o show_v that_o your_o lordship_n reason_n for_o leave_v out_o this_o part_n of_o our_o vote_n be_v not_o satisfactory_a neither_o do_v answer_v the_o reason_n we_o give_v for_o our_o not_o agree_v to_o your_o lordship_n amendmont_n and_o it_o be_v much_o strange_a that_o we_o shall_v be_v ask_v whether_o this_o vacancy_n extend_v to_o the_o heir_n when_o you_o will_v not_o tell_v we_o whether_o it_o be_v vacant_a as_o to_o king_n james_n himself_o you_o put_v it_o upon_o we_o to_o say_v the_o execution_n or_o exercise_n of_o the_o government_n be_v cease_v but_o you_o will_v not_o say_v the_o throne_n be_v vacant_a so_o much_o as_o to_o he_o and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o what_o have_v we_o to_o do_v or_o consider_v or_o debate_n of_o any_o consequence_n whether_o it_o will_v infer_v a_o election_n or_o not_o we_o desire_v of_o your_o lordship_n that_o which_o we_o think_v be_v very_o proper_a first_o to_o know_v whether_o the_o throne_n be_v vacant_a at_o all_o if_o it_o be_v than_o our_o proposition_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o our_o vote_n be_v true_a that_o the_o throne_n be_v thereby_o vacant_a my_o lord_n i_o think_v we_o come_v here_o very_o much_o in_o vain_a till_o this_o point_n be_v settle_v what_o satisfaction_n can_v it_o be_v to_o your_o lordship_n or_o we_o or_o the_o nation_n to_o know_v that_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o vote_n have_v be_v do_v by_o king_n james_n and_o that_o he_o have_v desert_v as_o you_o say_v the_o government_n if_o he_o still_o retain_v a_o right_a to_o it_o and_o your_o lordship_n will_v not_o declare_v he_o have_v no_o right_a but_o amuse_v the_o kingdom_n with_o the_o doubtful_a word_n of_o the_o exercise_n as_o to_o he_o ceasiug_n if_o that_o be_v all_o you_o mean_v what_o need_v the_o question_n be_v ask_v how_o far_o it_o be_v vacant_a for_o it_o shall_v seem_v it_o be_v not_o vacant_a at_o all_o e._n of_o n_n m._n will_v you_o please_v to_o suppose_v it_o vacant_a as_o to_o king_n james_n that_o be_v that_o he_o have_v no_o right_a then_o let_v we_o go_v on_o to_o the_o next_o step_n mr._n s_o l._n that_o my_o lord_n we_o can_v do_v for_o all_o our_o business_n be_v to_o maintain_v our_o own_o that_o the_o throne_n be_v vacant_a mr._n s_o s._n my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n as_o a_o reason_n against_o the_o word_n abdicate_v say_v it_o be_v not_o a_o word_n know_v in_o our_o common_a law_n but_o the_o word_n vacant_a about_o which_o we_o be_v now_o dispute_v can_v have_v that_o objection_n make_v to_o it_o for_o we_o find_v it_o in_o our_o record_n and_o even_o apply_v in_o a_o parallel_n case_n to_o this_o of_o we_o in_o 1_o hen._n iv_o where_o it_o be_v express_o make_v use_n of_o more_o than_o once_o and_o there_o it_o do_v import_v what_o i_o think_v it_o do_v import_v in_o this_o vote_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o now_o in_o debate_n and_o to_o require_v any_o further_a or_o other_o explication_n of_o it_o than_o the_o record_n give_v will_v be_v very_o hard_a and_o unreasonable_a for_o we_o be_v here_o to_o give_v the_o commons_o reason_n for_o maintain_v their_o own_o vote_n and_o nothing_o else_o if_o your_o lordship_n please_v to_o look_v into_o the_o record_n in_o that_o case_n there_o be_v first_o a_o resignation_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o government_n make_v and_o subscribe_v by_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o and_o this_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o parliament_n and_o there_o they_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o sedes_fw-la regalis_fw-la those_o be_v the_o word_n fuit_fw-la vacua_fw-la and_o the_o resignation_n be_v read_v both_o in_o latin_a and_o in_o english_a in_o the_o great_a hall_n at_o westminster_n where_o the_o parliament_n be_v then_o assemble_v it_o be_v accept_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o after_o that_o it_o proceed_v further_a and_o there_o be_v article_n exhibit_v against_o richard_n the_o second_o and_o upon_o these_o article_n they_o go_v on_o to_o sentence_n of_o deposition_n and_o deprivation_n and_o then_o follow_v the_o word_n in_o the_o record_n et_fw-la confessim_fw-la ut_fw-la constabat_fw-la ex_fw-la proemissis_fw-la &_o eorum_fw-la occasione_n regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la cwi_fw-la pertinentiis_fw-la suis_fw-la vacare_fw-la then_o henry_n the_o four_o rise_v up_o out_o of_o his_o place_n as_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n where_o he_o sit_v before_o and_o stand_v so_o high_a that_o he_o may_v be_v well_o enough_o see_v make_v this_o claim_n to_o the_o crown_n the_o word_n in_o the_o record_n be_v dictum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la sic_fw-la ut_fw-la praemitur_fw-la vacans_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la corona_n vendicat_fw-la after_o that_o the_o record_n go_v on_o that_o upon_o this_o claim_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o be_v ask_v what_o they_o think_v of_o it_o they_o unanimouf_o consent_v and_o the_o archbishop_n take_v he_o by_o the_o hand_n and_o lead_v he_o ad_fw-la sedem_fw-la regalem_fw-la proedictum_fw-la etc._n etc._n nay_o and_o after_o all_o this_o it_o be_v there_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o particular_o observe_v that_o prius_fw-la vacant_a sede_fw-la regali_fw-la by_o the_o leasion_n and_o deposition_n aforesaid_a all_o the_o public_a officer_n cease_v there_o be_v care_n take_v for_o hen._n iv'_v take_v the_o royal_a oath_n and_o grant_v of_o new_a commission_n my_o lord_n the_o commons_o do_v therefore_o apprehend_v that_o with_o very_o good_a reason_n and_o authority_n they_o do_v in_o their_o vote_n declare_v the_o throne_n to_o be_v vacant_a but_o as_o to_o the_o go_v further_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o consequence_n of_o that_o or_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v afterward_o be_v not_o our_o commission_n who_o come_v here_o only_o to_o maintain_v their_o expression_n in_o their_o vote_n against_o your_o lordship_n amendment_n e._n of_o r_n r._n in_o a_o free_a conference_n the_o point_n in_o question_n be_v free_o and_o full_o to_o be_v debate_v and_o my_o lord_n in_o order_n to_o their_o agreement_n with_o the_o commons_o be_v to_o be_v satisfy_v what_o be_v mean_v and_o how_o far_o it_o may_v extend_v you_o gentleman_n that_o be_v the_o manager_n for_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o it_o seem_v come_v with_o a_o limit_a commission_n and_o will_v not_o enter_v into_o that_o consideration_n which_o as_o our_o reason_n express_v have_v a_o great_a weight_n with_o my_o lord_n whether_o this_o vote_n of_o the_o commons_o will_v not_o make_v the_o monarchy_n of_o england_n which_o have_v always_o heretofore_o be_v hereditary_a to_o become_v elective_a that_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n will_v infer_v such_o a_o consequence_n to_o i_o appear_v very_o plain_a and_o i_o take_v it_o from_o the_o argument_n that_o that_o last_o gentleman_n use_v for_o the_o word_n vacant_a out_o of_o the_o record_n of_o richard_n the_o second_v time_n that_o be_v cite_v for_o a_o precedent_n for_o that_o word_n but_o as_o that_o be_v the_o only_a precedent_n yet_o it_o be_v attend_v with_o this_o very_a consequence_n for_o it_o be_v there_o declare_v that_o the_o royal_a seat_n be_v vacant_a immediate_o do_v follow_v a_o election_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o who_o be_v not_o next_o in_o the_o right_a line_n do_v not_o then_o this_o hereditary_a monarchy_n in_o this_o instance_n become_v elective_a when_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o die_v i_o will_v fain_o know_v whether_o in_o our_o law_n the_o throne_n be_v vacant_a no_o sure_a the_o next_o heir_n be_v immediate_o in_o the_o throne_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o all_o hereditary_a successive_a government_n indeed_o in_o poland_n when_o the_o king_n die_v there_o be_v a_o vacancy_n because_o there_o the_o law_n know_v no_o certain_a successor_n so_o that_o the_o