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A16183 A large examination taken at Lambeth, according to his Maiesties direction, point by point, of M. G. Blakwell, made Arch-priest of England, by Pope Clement 8 Vpon occasion of a certaine answere of his, without the priuitie of the state, to a letter lately sent vnto him from Cardinall Bellarmine, blaming him for taking the oath of Allegeance. Together with the Cardinals letter, and M. Blakwels said answere vnto it. Also M. Blakwels letter to the Romish Catholickes in England, aswell ecclesiasticall, as lay. Blackwell, George, 1546 or 7-1613.; Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo, Saint, 1542-1621. 1609 (1609) STC 3104; ESTC S121306 104,118 220

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whatsoeuer either to the hurt or dishonour of his Maiesties person or the empeachment of his kingdome and Royall authoritie These conceires likewise I doe assure you from my soule are in themselues very detestable repugnant to the Scriptures and ought by all true and sound Catholickes to be for euer abandoned Bee not dismayed therefore I befeech you with any letters or Briefes which doe after a sort insinuate that the taking of the Oath of Allegeance is either repugnāt to any point of Faith as yet concluded vpon by the Church or vnto the Popes Supremacie being bounded as it ought within the limits and reach of the keyes of the kingdome of heauen Those keyes doe no way extend themselues iure diuino vnto kingdomes terrene to open or shut or to tosse or turmoile any of them they haue no wardes in them either so to turne or ouerturne them nor to open vnto you any lawfull entrances into such disobedient and vndutifull courses That the Pope is the head of the Catholicke Church therein I am resolute as also that Emperours Kings and all other Princes that professe Christianitie are subiect in some cases vnto his spirituall censures properly so termed as interdiction and Excommunication but to eradicate them or to depose them by any authoritie he can challenge iure diuino in temporalibus either directly or indirectly in ordine ad spiritualia that is vtterly against my iudgement and yet I hope I continue still as good a Catholicke as any that holdeth the contrarie notwithstanding that Cardinall Bellarmine seemeth to affirme in his Letter to me that no man can concurre with me in opinion herein and so yeeld to take the Oath of Allegeance which only excludeth the Popes authoritie in temporalibus as well that which is ascribed vnto him directly as indirectly but that hee must needes perfidiously denie the primacie of the See Apostolicke At which his words were they not grounded I thinke vpon some misinformation I should greatly meruaile considering that thereby hee doeth insinuate the Popes supremacie which ought to bee maintained without any hesitation to depend a great part of it vpon a wonderfull vncertaintie For no man knoweth better then himselfe that it hath not beene hitherto determined by the Church or iudicially by his Holinesse tanquam ex Cathedrâ whether the Pope hath any authoritie at all in temporalibus further then in those things that doe appertaine to S. Peters patrimonie and other temporalties giuen to the See of Rome And besides if it shall fall out hereafter that the Pope shall be found to haue any such authoritie it must haue beene giuen him by Christ either indirectly as hee the said Cardinall with many others his partakers doe resolutely affirme or directly as the opposite part against him doe take vpon them with as great confidence to mainteine each of them peremptorily denying the others assertion and because likewise vntill the point be ouerruled against one of the said parts which will not be done in haste for many respects it cannot possibly be determined whether the Pope hath any such authoritie as either of them holde or not it had beene fit in my iudgement for Cardinall Bellarmine not to haue entangled the Popes supremacie which is cleare and manifest with these vncertaineties and perplexities for to haue blamed me either for auoiding them my selfe or admonishing of others to take heed lest they might be entrapped or snared with them But his Amplitude writ vnto me and censured mee as it pleased him which I could the more easily haue borne as my duetie required had he not therby published to as many as shall see his Letter the Copie whereof is as I am informed spread farre and neere that by taking of the said oath of Allegeance one of the chiefe heads of our faith and foundations of Catholicke religion in discrimen adducitur is brought into question and endangered there beeing indeede no such head or foundation hitherto agreed vpon or concluded So as there is no cause for ought I know or can iudge why I should not still perseuere in the approbation of the lawfulnesse of the said othe and continue my former admonitions vnto you for the submitting of your selues vnto it when it shal be exacted of you lest otherwise you wilfully cast your selues into those miseries which are likely to fall vpon you not as so many arguments of happines and that blessednesse which is promised to those that suffer for the truths sake but of those iudgements which are inflicted vpon men by Kings and superiour gouernours for their euill behauiour and disobedience Deceiue not therefore your selues brethren such sufferings are not the way to Martyrdome nor approued of God neuer might treacherie or rebellion or the bearing of armes by subiects against their Soueraignes or their secret designements against them or the execution of the same to the endangering or hurt of their royall persons be graced or honored with that most glorious title by whomsoeuer they were either authorized vndertaken or practised Take heede I do most humbly beseech you of this kind of leauen be your lumpe of dough otherwise neuer so pure sweet and sincere this mixture will make it sowre and corrupt it Stand fast in the Catholicke faith and in the true profession thereof as hitherto you haue done Bee not led away with various and strange doctrines of deposing of Kings of absoluing their subiects from their Allegeance of authorizing them to rebell to beare armes against them to plot and lay snares secretly how to entrap them or to offer hurt or violence to their persons These things I thanke God my heart doeth abhorre and my spirit within me doeth loath and detest them The voice that bade Peter Kill and eate neuer meant that hee should deale so with Princes cast them out of their seates and bestow their kingdomes vpon others or procure them to be killed that Christians and Catholicke religion might flourish and bee comforted Meats and drinks may establish our strength but such proceedings with kings ought to be no foode for our soules Iames and Iohn because they would haue had the Samaritanes to haue beene destroyed with fire from heauen for that they would not receiue their master Christ were sharpely rebuked and told by him that they knew not of what spirit they were S. Peter drewe his sword and smote off Malchus eare in as iust a cause to the eyes of humane wisedome as was possible but Christ disliked that his fact and gaue it for a generall rule or caueat in my iudgement to all Catholicke priests and people saying that all that strike with the sword shall perish with the sword These and such like things my deare brethren are written out of question to our correption and Catholicke information Beware therefore of them in whose mouthes and actions sanguis nihil est bloud is nothing Ecclus. 8. 19. tread not in the steps of ruine stumble not against rockes commit not your selues to such laborious
Historiale had testified as much where hauing spoken of the abuse of the keyes he sayth with relation to Gregorie and his next Successour but one Vrbanus Vt pace omnium bonorum dixerim haec Vincent in spec Histor. lib. 15 cap. 84. sola nouitas ne dicam haeresis necdum è mundo emerserat vt Sacerdotes eius qui dicit Regi Apostata qui regnare facit hypocritam propter peccata populi doceant populum quòd malis Regibus nullam debeant subiectionem licet ei sacramentum fidelitatis fecerant nullam tamen debeant fidelitatem nec periuri dicantur qui contra Regem senserint imò qui Regi paruerit pro Excommunicato habeatur qui contra Regem fecerit à noxâ iniustitiae periurij absoluatur That is That I may speake it with the fauour of all good men this meere noueltie that I say not Heresie was not as yet sprung vp in the world that his Priests who saith vnto the king Apostata and who maketh the Hypocrite to reigne for the sinnes of the people should teach subiects that they owe no subiection vnto wicked kings that albeit they haue taken an oath of fidelity vnto such a one yet they are not bound in allegeance vnto him and that such as shall take part against their king may not be sayd to be periured nay that they who performe obedience vnto him are to be held as excommunicated and such as rebell against him are to be acquited from all guilt of the crime of periurie Which report testimony made by so worthy a Bishop aboue 350. yeeres since this Examinate saith hee may not impugne or dislike though Vincentius receiueth it from Sigebert this Examinate no way approouing the discrediting of ancient Catholicke writers vnder pretence of their fauour towards this Emperor or that Emperor because it giueth occasion to some to empeach many other worthy mens writings in like sort vpon colour of their partialitie towards the Bishop of Rome Besides it is apparant that some of the best and most sincere Catholicks were much troubled with that fact of Gregorie there being then many who plainely denied that the Apostolicall See had authoritie to depose as he did Henry the Emperor and to absolue his subiects from their oath of fidelitie vnto him in so much as the Bishop of Metz writ Gregorie 7. Epist. 21. lib. 8. apud Seuerinum de Concilijs vnto Gregorie desiring him being in great fauour with him to assist and arme him with his reasons of such his proceedings with the Emperour that he might be the better able thereby to withstand those that spake against them 53 Furthermore this Examinate the premisses considered being againe mooued for the full clearing of his sinceritie to deliuer his minde concerning the point which he said touched the quicke Sect 45. viz. of the Popes so great an authoritie in temporalibus in temporalties as that he may by any distinction whatsoeuer deale with Emperors or kings as is aforesaid he desiring Sect. 35. 45. to see one of Cardinall Bellarmines bookes de Romano Pontifice did deliuer out of him his this Examinates iudgement saying that he was verily perswaded as followeth viz. That the Pope is not Lord of those possessions which Bell. de Rom. Pontif. lib. 5. cap. 2. Infidels hold that Infidell Princes are the true and supreme princes of their owne Kingdoms that dominion is not founded in grace or in faith that S. Paul doeth bid vs to obey Ethnick Princes for conscience sake that wee were not bound to obey such Princes if they were not true Princes that Princes are not the Popes vicars that the Pope would willingly if hee could giue the Kingdomes of Infidels vnto faithfull Princes that it is a ridiculous conceit to imagine that God hath giuen to the Pope a right ouer all the kingdomes of the world and not to haue giuen him at any time a faculty of vsing such a right that Alexander 6. did not diuide the late new found world vnto the kings of Spaine and Portugall to that end that they should haue gone thither to haue subdued the Infidell kings of that new World or to haue taken to themselues their kingdomes but onely that they should haue procured preachers of Christian faith to haue been sent thither and to haue protected and defended both those preachers and the Christians conuerted by them and that withall hee the said Alexander might preuent the contentions and warres of other Christian princes who would haue vsed traffique in those new regions 54 That the Pope is not lord of the whole Christian Bell. ibidem cap. 3. world that if hee were the lord of the whole Christian world iure diuino the same would appeare in the Scriptures or by some Apostolicall tradition that in the Scriptures there is nothing but that the keyes of the kingdome of heauen are giuen to the Pope without any mention of the keyes of the kingdome of the world that none doeth pretend any Apostolicall tradition to that purpose that Christ neither did nor doeth take kingdoms from those to whom they doe appertaine that Christ came not to destroy those things that were well setled but to make them more perfect that when the king becommeth a Christian he doeth not lose his earthly kingdome which by law he had before but obtaineth thereby a new interest to the kingdome of heauen otherwise the benefite of Christ should be hurtfull to kings and grace should destroy nature that it is no true assertion to say that the Pope hath both powers but comitteth the execution of one of them vnto others that what authoritie soeuer the Emperours haue they haue it from Christ that if the Pope as being the supreme King and Emperour might take from kings the execution of their regall authoritie hee were greater then Christ that although Innocentius doeth compare the Pope to the Sunne and the Emperour to the Moone yet it is to be obserued that the Sunne and the Moone are not one Starre that as the Sunne doeth not make the Moone but God so the Popedome and the Empire are not one nor doe depend the one vpon the other that although the Pope alone hath full authoritie in the temporalties belonging to the Patrimonie of the Church yet in other Regions he hath not so 55 That the Pope iure diuino by the diuine Law Idem ibidem cap. 4. hath no temporall dominion directly of any one place that Christ as he was man whiles hee liued vpon the earth did not nor would receiue any temporall dominion that the Pope is Christs vicar and doeth represent him vnto vs as he liued here amongst men that therefore as he is Christs vicar and the highest Bishop hee hath no temporall dominion that it proceedeth from a false principle to say that the Pope who is Christs vicar is both a temporall king and a Priest that Christ was alwayes the sonne of God the king and Lord of all
why not in the same maner of the Kingdome that there should bee one and the same head both of the Kingdome and Priesthood lest in like sort there should be dissension betwixt them that therfore it is the rather to be held that Peter doeth supply Christs place not onely in the Priesthood but in the Kingdome that he might bee a King and likewise a Priest according to the order of Melchisedech who was both a King and a Priest 22 That if Christ be King of kings and Lord of Tho. Bozius de iure status praefat ad Aldehrard lords in like sort the Church must be Queene and Lady and if he be the Lord of all temporalities shee likewise must be the Lady That all temporall regall power doeth reside first in the soule of Christ and then in the Idem ibidem Church his spouse the Queene of the world and from her is deriued to others faithfull or infidels as out of a fountaine That the Church the spouse of Christ and Idem lib. 1. cap. 6 sol 36. Queene of the world may as oft as the order of the whole doeth require c. transferre the proper rights of one vnto another as a secular Prince may cast downe priuate mens houses for the beautifying of the Citie or impose tribute for the weale publike that he may thus iustly doe although he hath not erred from whom such rights are transferred vnto another so the Pope gaue the Spaniards the Indians That the Pontificall and Isidor Moscon de maiest milit Eccle. pag. 91. Idem pag. 656. Regall power and all other powers are most plentifull in the Pope and doe reside in the Pontificall dignitie that all Dominions whatsoeuer doe depend vpon the Church and vpon the Pope as the head of the Church and that in the Pope authoritie is considered in Emperours Idem pag. 670. and Kings power and thence it is that power doeth depend vpon authoritie 23 That true iust ordeined by God and meere Carer de potest Rom. Ponti pag. 9. dominion aswell in spirituall things as in temporall was brought foorth by Christ and the same was committed to S. Peter and his successours That Christ Idem pag. 111. was Lord ouer all inferiours not onely as God but likewise as man hauing euen then dominion in the earth and that therefore as the dominion of the world was in Christ both diuine and humane so it must be confessed that it was in the Pope his Vicar That as God in a secondarie maner may bee called a temporall ruler and Idem pag. 112. Monarch of the world although in himselfe hee is not principally worldly or temporall so the Pope may be called a temporall Lord and Monarch although his power be a certaine spirituall thing That the mysterie of Idem pag. 120. redemption being accomplished Christ as a king gaue vnto Peter the administration of his kingdome and S. Peter did execute that his power against Ananias and Saphira That Christ as hee is man is directly Idem pag. 124. the Lord ouer all the world in temporalties and that therefore the Pope is so likewise in that he is his Vicar That the supreme power of iudging all and the top of Idem pag. 126. dignities and the height of both powers are found in Christs vicar 24 That there is one principalitie and one supreme Rodericus Sancius apud Carer pa. 132. Prince ouer all the world who is Christs vicar according to that of Daniel chap. 8. He hath giuen him power and honour and rule and all people and tongues shall serue him and that in him therefore is the fountaine and spring of all principalitie and from him all other powers doe flow That the Bishop of Idem ibidem pag. 131. 132. Rome in place of Christ is set as a Prince ouer the whole world in spiritualties and temporalties and that it is naturally morally and by the law of God to be held with a right faith that the principalitie of the Bishop of Rome is the true and onely immediate principalitie of the whole world not onely as touching things spirituall but likewise temporall and that the Imperiall principalitie is depending vpon it as being mediate ministeriall and instrumentall ministring and seruing it and that it is ordeined and instituted by it and at the commandement of the Papall principalitie is mooueable reuocable corrigible and punishable 25 That as the diuine and humane dominion were Carerius de potest Rom. Pont. pag. 150. in Christ so in Christs stead the dominion of the world in the Pope is both spirituall and temporall diuine and humane That the vnremooueable trueth doeth designe Idem pag. 151. by Peters onely comming vpon the water to Christ that the whole dominion which is signified by the Sea is committed to S. Peter and his successors And that as the Pope cannot say that he is not Christs vicar vpon Idem pag. 155. earth so he cannot deny but that he is Lord ouer all things because the earth is the Lords and the fulnesse thereof whereby all things heauenly earthly and infernall are subiect vnto Christ the Lord and thence it is that he did commit vnto the Pope who doeth supply his place vpon earth the right of the heauenly and terrene Empire That the Pope by the Law of God hath Iael Zecchan tract Theolog. pag. 81. power and temporall dominion ouer the whole world that the same is prooued by the words of Luc. 22. Behold here are two swords which signifie the power temporall and spirituall and because Christ whose vicar the Pope is hath both powers according to the words Matth. vlt. All power is giuen vnto me in heauen and in earth That thence it may be deduced that the Pope is absolutely the Lord of all the Christian world and Kings and Christian princes are to acknowledge that they holde of him their Empires and kingdomes and all that are faithfull ought to be subiect vnto him And that as oft as such princes doe any great hurt in the Church the Pope may depriue them of their kingdomes and transferre their right to others 26 It is here to be obserued of what great reputation in Rome and Italy the authors are whose opinions this Examinate doeth dislike For to omit Baronius the late Cardinall Francis Bozius his booke was approued in Rome very authentically to be printed as conteining nothing in it aduerse to the Catholicke faith and with the like approbation the booke of Thomas Bozius was printed in Rome and so was that of Celsus Mancinus Mosconius his booke was printed at Venice before the stirres betwixt them and the Pope and the tractate of Laelius Zecchus was printed at Brixia Carerius a Doctor of Padua had his booke approoued at Padua though it was afterwards printed at Colein Whereupon it was thought meete by the Examiner for whom it was thought as lawfull to obiect what he thought fit as sor Master