Selected quad for the lemma: kingdom_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
kingdom_n	french_a	king_n	naples_n	4,290	5	11.6610	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A87432	A Judicious vievv of the businesses which are at this time between France and the house of Austria. Most usefull, to know the present posture of the affairs of all Christendom. / Translated out of French, by a person of honour.	Person of honour.	1657 (1657)	Wing J1187; Thomason E1598_2; ESTC R208868	100,087	241

see_n he_o receive_v pope_n stephen_n the_o first_o into_o france_n and_o put_v down_o adolphus_n king_n of_o the_o lombard_n who_o persecute_v the_o pope_n but_o his_o son_n charlemain_n raise_v the_o state_n of_o france_n more_o than_o any_o for_o he_o conquer_v great_a part_n of_o italy_n upon_o the_o lombard_n and_o quite_o destroy_v they_o an._n 774._o overcome_v the_o saxon_n and_o other_o nation_n of_o germany_n conquer_a part_n of_o spain_n upon_o the_o saracen_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o most_o part_n of_o the_o old_a empire_n of_o the_o west_n and_o so_o be_v crown_v emperor_n of_o the_o west_n an._n 800._o and_o three_o year_n after_o limit_n be_v set_v in_o italy_n between_o the_o two_o empire_n of_o east_n and_o west_n nicephorus_n be_v then_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n and_o the_o bound_n be_v the_o river_n of_o lyris_fw-la now_o garigliano_n and_o aufidus_n now_o lofanto_n both_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n so_o that_o except_v the_o far_a part_n of_o italy_n part_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o brittanique_a land_n divide_v between_o many_o petty_a king_n he_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o whole_a empire_n of_o the_o west_n 6._o these_o first_o king_n be_v very_o liberal_a to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n pepin_n and_o charlemain_n give_v they_o the_o exarchat_n of_o ravenna_n and_o other_o land_n which_o the_o pope_n pretend_a to_o have_v be_v take_v away_o from_o they_o by_o the_o lombard_n lewis_n the_o meek_a who_o succeed_v his_o father_n charlemain_n confirm_v and_o amplify_v that_o gift_n an._n 817._o the_o charter_n whereof_o baromus_n have_v publish_v take_v from_o the_o vatican_n as_o he_o affirm_v lewis_n the_o meek_a die_a an._n 840._o leave_v the_o state_n of_o france_n in_o a_o great_a height_n possess_v of_o the_o gaul_n germany_n italy_n and_o part_n of_o spain_n all_o other_o prince_n compare_v to_o the_o french_a king_n be_v mean_a fellow_n 7._o lewis_n the_o meek_n leave_v three_o son_n lothaire_n and_o lewis_n by_o his_o first_o wife_n and_z charles_n the_o bald_a from_o judith_n his_o second_o wife_n these_o three_o brother_n for_o three_o year_n contend_v about_o their_o partage_n the_o law_n of_o the_o elder_a being_n not_o then_o in_o use_n among_o they_o till_o that_o cruel_a battle_n of_o fontenay_n near_o auxerre_n be_v fight_v where_o above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n be_v slay_v and_o especial_o much_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n whereby_o the_o state_n be_v weaken_v and_o the_o brother_n be_v force_v to_o come_v to_o a_o arbitrement_n that_o lothary_a the_o elder_a shall_v have_v all_o the_o land_n beyond_o the_o river_n of_o scaldis_n and_o mosa_n as_o far_o as_o the_o rhine_n namely_o the_o province_n of_o the_o low_a country_n liege_n treve_n juliers_n luxemburg_n lorraine_n alsatia_n and_o other_o also_o that_o which_o lie_v beyond_o saone_n and_o rhosne_fw-fr namely_o french_fw-mi county_n savoy_n dauphin_n provence_n also_o as_o much_o of_o italy_n as_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o west_n by_o the_o partage_n with_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n this_o be_v the_o share_n of_o lothary_a the_o elder_a who_o take_v with_o it_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n lewis_n the_o second_o brother_n have_v all_o that_o their_o father_n hold_v in_o germany_n and_o there_o be_v call_v germanicus_n to_o the_o three_o charles_n the_o bald_a france_n be_v leave_v much_o about_o as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n enclose_v within_o the_o narrow_a sea_n of_o england_n scaldis_n mosa_n saone_n rhosne_fw-fr the_o coast_n of_o languedoc_n and_o the_o pyrenees_n that_o partage_n of_o the_o three_o son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a an._n 843._o be_v the_o most_o remarkable_a date_n of_o the_o french_a history_n then_o be_v that_o great_a monarchy_n cut_v in_o shred_n and_o the_o greatness_n of_o france_n humble_v the_o name_n of_o which_o remain_v only_o to_o the_o proportion_n of_o a_o three_o part_n and_o from_o that_o time_n the_o french_a state_n thus_o clip_v have_v remain_v with_o little_a alteration_n only_o we_o have_v lose_v flanders_n and_o artois_n and_o many_o time_n the_o border_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v change_v towards_o mosa_n and_o scaldis_n but_o in_o recompense_n we_o have_v get_v dauphin_n and_o provence_n beyond_o the_o ancient_a bound_n 8._o as_o by_o this_o partage_n the_o state_n of_o france_n remain_v very_o much_o diminish_v so_o the_o french_a king_n lose_v the_o name_n of_o emperor_n which_o nevertheless_o charles_n the_o bald_n take_v since_o but_o his_o descent_n be_v fall_v to_o idleness_n as_o the_o first_o race_n the_o state_n of_o france_n thus_o shorten_v linger_v among_o many_o civil_a broil_n and_o misfortune_n till_o the_o year_n 987._o when_v that_o race_n end_v have_v subsist_v about_o 235_o year_n 9_o hugh_n capet_n head_n of_o the_o three_o race_n be_v descend_v as_o it_o be_v think_v from_o a_o ancient_a house_n of_o saxony_n plant_v in_o france_n by_o wittikind_a the_o saxon_a of_o the_o race_n of_o that_o other_o wittikind_n a_o saxon_a prince_n who_o so_o long_o make_v head_n against_o charlemain_n this_o three_o race_n begin_v to_o reign_v in_o the_o year_n 987._o it_o be_v that_o which_o this_o day_n subsi_v and_o beside_o her_o ancient_a nobility_n before_o she_o be_v sovereign_a have_v now_o hold_v the_o sovereignty_n above_o 660_o year_n and_o beside_o innumerable_a victory_n obtain_v over_o her_o neighbour_n make_v great_a war_n against_o the_o infidel_n in_o the_o east_n and_o in_o spain_n and_o against_o heretic_n in_o all_o the_o province_n of_o europe_n keep_v still_o a_o great_a respect_n to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n all_o these_o way_n she_o have_v maintain_v herself_o in_o the_o prerogative_n of_o precedence_n and_o glory_n above_o all_o other_o and_o although_o he_o that_o bear_v now_o the_o quality_n of_o emperor_n go_v before_o the_o french_a king_n because_o he_o retain_v the_o name_n and_o place_n of_o those_o great_a monarch_n of_o all_o the_o west_n yet_o he_o have_v neither_o right_a nor_o pretence_n over_o the_o king_n of_o france_n yea_o mr._n de_fw-fr breves_fw-la in_o the_o appendix_n of_o the_o negotiation_n of_o the_o east_n add_v to_o the_o history_n of_o his_o voyage_n say_v that_o in_o henry_n the_o 4ths_n time_n he_o have_v the_o precedence_n before_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o emperor_n rudolphus_n at_o the_o porta_n of_o the_o great_a turk_n who_o judge_v that_o the_o precedence_n of_o christian_a prince_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o pope_n be_v of_o no_o consideration_n at_o his_o porta_n where_o the_o strong_a and_o the_o most_o courageous_a find_v most_o favour_n also_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v then_o in_o war_n with_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n he_o will_v not_o give_v his_o enemy_n any_o advantage_n over_o he_o neither_o do_v the_o turk_n acknowledge_v the_o emperor_n but_o as_o king_n of_o vienna_n but_o have_v a_o great_a esteem_n for_o the_o french_a king_n but_o without_o insist_v upon_o the_o history_n of_o their_o three_o race_n now_o reign_v or_o make_v panegyric_n of_o their_o glory_n we_o will_v say_v that_o next_o to_o the_o precedence_n which_o they_o give_v to_o the_o emperor_n lawful_o elect_v they_o have_v it_o over_o all_o the_o sovereign_n of_o christendom_n paragraphe_n ii_o now_o to_o understand_v the_o origine_fw-la progress_v and_o rise_v of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n we_o must_v observe_v 1._o that_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v leave_v as_o we_o say_v unto_o lothary_a the_o elder_a son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a subsist_v though_o weak_o in_o the_o house_n of_o charlemain_n till_o about_o the_o year_n 912._o when_v lewis_n the_o last_o of_o that_o race_n be_v dead_a there_o be_v a_o great_a contention_n between_o the_o german_a and_o italian_a prince_n whereby_o the_o empire_n be_v in_o confusion_n above_o fifty_o year_n until_o otho_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o saxony_n invest_v himself_o of_o that_o quality_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o germany_n and_o italy_n the_o only_a remain_a piece_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o the_o year_n 963._o and_o ruin_v all_o his_o competitor_n this_o otho_n i._o be_v father_n of_o otho_n ii_o and_o he_o of_o otho_n iii_o after_o who_o death_n the_o german_n assist_v by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o v._o who_o himself_o be_v a_o german_a take_v upon_o themselves_o the_o right_n of_o create_v emperor_n and_o from_o that_o time_n all_o that_o have_v peaceable_o reign_v have_v be_v germane_a because_o the_o pope_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o italy_n have_v do_v their_o utmost_a to_o expel_v the_o emperor_n out_o of_o it_o and_o confine_v they_o to_o germany_n 2._o as_o in_o france_n by_o the_o idleness_n of_o the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o 2d_o race_n the_o governor_n of_o province_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o they_o

unite_v in_o one_o body_n as_o it_o follow_v 1._o the_o emperor_n rodolphus_n of_o habsburg_n have_v overcome_v and_o slay_v ottocarus_n son_n of_o wenceslaus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n give_v to_o his_o son_n albert_n the_o duchy_n of_o austria_n where_o vienna_n stand_v the_o duchy_n of_o stiria_n where_o the_o town_n of_o gratz_n stand_v the_o lordship_n of_o carniola_n and_o windismark_n otherwise_o the_o march_n of_o slavonia_n and_o portenan_n in_o the_o country_n of_o friuli_n wherein_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v a_o neighbour_n to_o the_o venetian_n this_o be_v the_o first_o patrimony_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n of_o which_o albert_n be_v invest_v by_o his_o father_n at_o ausburg_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o general_n state_n of_o germany_n 2._o in_o the_o year_n 1283._o henry_n marquesse_n of_o burgan_n in_o suevia_n between_o vlm_n and_o ausburg_n be_v dead_a without_o child_n the_o same_o emperor_n rudolphus_n give_v that_o marquisat_n to_o his_o son_n 3._o albert_n the_o iii_o duke_n of_o austria_n grandchild_n to_o the_o first_o albert_n be_v make_v heir_n with_o his_o brother_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o carinthia_n and_o the_o duchy_n of_o tirol_n within_o the_o alps_n near_o italy_n by_o margaret_n daughter_z to_z duke_z henry_n as_o her_o near_a kinsman_n by_o their_o grandmother_n elizabeth_n sister_n to_o the_o say_v henry_n and_o wife_n to_o albert_n the_o first_o and_o because_o the_o house_n of_o bavieres_n lay_v a_o claim_n to_o the_o county_n of_o tirol_n the_o say_a house_n renounce_v it_o by_o agreement_n ann._n 1362._o 4._o the_o county_n of_o ferretta_n be_v a_o little_a country_n above_o the_o french_a county_n near_o basel_n and_o on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o rhine_n it_o come_v to_o the_o house_n austria_n by_o jane_n wife_n to_o albert_n the_o ii_o duke_n of_o austria_n daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o ulrich_n earl_n of_o ferretta_n about_o the_o year_n 1358._o 5._o leopold_n duke_n of_o austria_n buy_v of_o agon_n count_n of_o friburg_n in_o brifgau_n towards_o alsatia_n the_o signory_n of_o that_o town_n and_o some_o other_o towards_o the_o grison_n 6._o friderick_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1458._o after_o the_o death_n of_o ulrich_n count_n of_o cibey_n dead_a without_o child_n seize_v upon_o that_o county_n and_o unite_v it_o with_o the_o duchy_n of_o stiria_n 7._o maximilian_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 1501._o seize_v upon_o the_o county_n of_o goricia_n vacant_a by_o the_o death_n of_o count_n leonard_n so_o all_o these_o piece_n make_v up_o the_o ancient_a patrimony_n of_o austria_n which_o have_v many_o time_n be_v distract_v and_o divide_v for_o to_o make_v portion_n to_o the_o young_a and_o yet_o at_o this_o time_n the_o county_n of_o burgau_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o branch_n of_o that_o house_n which_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o marquess_n of_o burgau_n and_o the_o county_n of_o tirol_n belong_v to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o late_a archduke_n leopold_n brother_n to_o the_o emperor_n eerdinand_n the_o ii_o paragraphe_n iu._n to_o make_v up_o the_o greatness_n of_o austria_n six_o of_o the_o gr●●test_a house_n of_o europe_n have_v meet_v in_o one_o aus●●ia_n burgundy_n castilia_n arragon_n hungary_n and_o portugal_n 1._o of_o that_o of_o austria_n we_o have_v speak_v before_o 2._o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n be_v found_v in_o the_o person_n of_o philip_n four_o son_n to_o king_n john_n of_o france_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1363._o leave_v to_o his_o son_n philip_n the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n he_o and_o his_o three_o successor_n john_n philip_n the_o good_a and_o charles_n slay_v before_o nancy_n gather_v many_o province_n by_o marriage_n purchase_n gift_n and_o usurpation_n whence_o that_o great_a estate_n of_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n be_v frame_v four_o main_a piece_n whereof_o depend_v from_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o france_n namely_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n the_o county_n of_o flanders_n with_o the_o town_n of_o lilo_o douai_n and_o orche_n the_o county_n of_o artois_n and_o that_o of_o charalois_n the_o rest_n he_o hold_v from_o the_o empire_n french_fw-mi county_n the_o four_o dutchy_n of_o netherlands_o luxemburg_n limburg_n brabant_n and_o gueldres_n the_o county_n of_o hainault_n namur_n holland_n zealand_n zutfen_n mechlen_n west-fresland_a over-issel_a and_o groninghen_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1528._o the_o bp._n of_o utrecht_n yield_v to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o v._o the_o lordship_n of_o utrecht_n and_o his_o claim_n in_o over-issel_a because_o he_o be_v not_o strong_a enough_o to_o maintain_v it_o against_o the_o duke_n of_o gelder_n his_o enemy_n after_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n kill_v before_o nancy_n mary_n his_o only_a daughter_n pretend_v to_o his_o whole_a succession_n but_o lewis_n the_o xi_o king_n of_o france_n seize_v upon_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n pretend_v that_o it_o be_v a_o masculine_a fee_n give_v by_o king_n john_n to_o his_o son_n philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n male_a for_o the_o reason_n which_o we_o shall_v represent_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n all_o the_o rest_n by_o right_n remain_v with_o mary_n of_o burgundy_n even_o the_o county_n of_o charolois_n almost_o enclose_v within_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n although_o the_o french_a will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v a_o fee_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o the_o duchy_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v find_v that_o it_o have_v be_v purchase_v from_o the_o house_n of_o armagnae_fw-la by_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n it_o be_v leave_v to_o mary_n and_o since_o that_o time_n during_o the_o civil_a confusion_n and_o the_o war_n with_o spain_n the_o french_a have_v seize_v upon_o it_o yet_o they_o restore_v it_o to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n ann._n 1598._o save_v only_o the_o resort_n and_o dependence_n upon_o the_o parliament_n of_o dijon_n 3_o the_o house_n of_o castilia_n be_v a_o offspring_n of_o that_o of_o navarra_n for_o sanchez_n king_n of_o navarra_n divide_v all_o that_o he_o hold_v in_o spain_n to_o his_o three_o child_n garcias_n the_o elder_a have_v navarra_n sanchez_n king_n of_o navarra_n divide_v all_o that_o he_o hold_v in_o spain_n to_o his_o three_o child_n garcias_n the_o elder_a have_v navarra_n ferdinand_n castilia_n and_o ramires_n arragon_n of_o these_o king_n the_o life_n and_o action_n must_v be_v see_v in_o the_o history_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o year_n 1472._o that_o house_n fall_v to_o isabel_n sister_z to_z henry_n the_o iv_o call_v the_o impotent_a isabel_n be_v marry_v to_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o arragon_n from_o that_o marriage_n issue_v joan_n the_o second_o daughter_n and_o heir_n which_o bring_v all_o these_o estate_n to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n by_o her_o marriage_n with_o archiduke_n philip._n these_o estate_n contain_v the_o two_o castilia_n gallicia_n leon_n asturia_n biscay_n mursia_n cordova_n andalusia_n estremadura_n since_o that_o time_n a_fw-mi 1492._o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o christophorus_n columbus_n the_o castilian_n discover_v many_o land_n of_o west-indies_n hispaniola_n cuba_n jaimaica_n and_o other_o americus_n vespucius_n discover_v the_o western_a continent_n a_o 1500._o fernando_n cortes_n subdue_v the_o great_a state_n of_o mexico_n a_o 1518._o and_o francis_n pizarro_n the_o perou_n a_fw-fr 1525._o all_o that_o be_v comprehendedunder_o the_o name_n of_o castilia_n and_o be_v fall_v to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n by_o that_o marriage_n 4._o as_o for_o arragon_n many_o king_n reign_v in_o it_o of_o the_o line_n of_o the_o foresay_a ramires_n and_o that_o family_n pass_v through_o many_o change_n in_o the_o end_n that_o estate_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o ferdinand_n the_o catholic_a at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castilia_n fall_v to_o isabel_n who_o he_o marry_v so_o his_o estate_n come_v to_o consist_v of_o four_o part_n 1._o of_o the_o patrimonial_a inheritance_n of_o his_o house_n arragon_n catalonia_n roussillon_n valentia_n marjorca_n minorea_n ivica_fw-la fromentera_n sardinia_n and_o sicily_n 2._o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n which_o he_o take_v from_o the_o french_a an._n 1503._o as_o we_o shall_v say_v afterward_o 3._o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n which_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n isabel_n get_v from_o the_o saracen_n anno_fw-la 1494._o 4._o the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n out_o of_o which_o he_o dispossess_v john_n of_o albret_n an._n 1512._o all_o these_o estate_n fall_v to_o his_o daughter_n marry_v with_o philip_n archduke_n of_o austria_n 5._o hungary_n have_v her_o king_n well_o know_v in_o the_o history_n especial_o since_o the_o year_n 1000_o the_o time_n of_o king_n st._n steven_n that_o family_n fall_v to_o that_o of_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n descend_v from_o the_o royal_a house_n of_o france_n by_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o inheritrice_n of_o hungary_n with_o charles_n the_o lame_a son_n to_o charles_n brother_z to_z

that_o lothary_a leave_v but_o one_o daughter_n call_v hermengarda_n which_o be_v incapable_a of_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n have_v instead_o of_o it_o that_o country_n between_o the_o river_n of_o saone_n and_o the_o rhone_n the_o alps_n and_o the_o sea_n which_o dominon_n be_v erect_v to_o the_o title_n of_o a_o kingdom_n by_o charles_n the_o bald_a king_n of_o france_n and_o emperor_n in_o favour_n of_o that_o hermengarda_fw-it who_o bozon_n one_o of_o the_o court_n of_o charles_n and_o his_o wife_n kinsman_n take_v away_o these_o two_o bozon_n and_o hermengarda_n give_v a_o beginning_n to_o that_o second_o kingdom_n of_o burgundy_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arles_n about_o the_o year_n 875._o which_o continue_v under_o these_o king_n among_o many_o alteration_n to_o that_o last_o rodolphus_n a_o 1036._o all_o that_o time_n provence_n be_v part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n of_o arles_n 4._o which_o kingdom_n be_v extinct_a in_o that_o rodolphus_n and_o unite_v to_o the_o empire_n by_o conrade_n the_o salic_a short_o after_o by_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o disorder_n rise_v in_o the_o empire_n four_o principality_n be_v frame_v out_o of_o it_o as_o we_o say_v before_o that_o of_o provence_n under_o the_o title_n of_o a_o county_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a as_o be_v full_a of_o good_a town_n and_o of_o great_a commerce_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o family_n of_o berenger_n with_o the_o title_n of_o count_n who_o history_n be_v write_v by_o nostradamus_n 5._o that_o house_n of_o berenger_n keep_v the_o county_n of_o provence_n till_o the_o time_n of_o st_n lewis_n when_o raymond_n berenger_n the_o last_o count_n leave_v four_o daughter_n the_o elder_a whereof_o margaret_n be_v marry_v to_o st_n lewis_n the_o three_z other_o be_v also_o marry_v to_o sovereign_a prince_n eleonor_n to_o henry_n the_o iii_o king_n of_o england_n fancy_n to_o richard_n his_o brother_n who_o be_v since_o create_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o four_o daughter_n beatrix_n to_o charles_n count_n of_o anjou_n brother_n to_o st_n lewis_n raymond_n die_v a_o 1231._o left_a that_o beatrix_n heir_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n leave_v legacy_n only_o to_o the_o three_o other_o to_o each_o three_o thousand_o mark_n another_o raymond_n count_n of_o thoulouse_n will_v have_v take_v away_o that_o beatrix_n to_o marry_v she_o but_o st_o lewis_n prevent_v he_o send_v a_o army_n into_o provence_n and_o take_v she_o give_v she_o to_o his_o brother_n charles_n to_o wife_n to_o who_o he_o give_v the_o county_n of_o anjou_n and_o thirty_o year_n after_o the_o same_o charles_n be_v invest_v by_o the_o pope_n with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o two_o sicily_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o the_o county_n of_o anjou_n return_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n be_v give_v as_o a_o portion_n to_o margaret_n grandchild_n to_o that_o charles_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o charles_n count_n of_o valois_n father_n to_o king_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n and_o many_o year_n after_o that_o first_o branch_n of_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n and_o count_n of_o anjou_n pretend_v no_o right_n to_o that_o county_n it_o be_v give_v to_o lewis_n brother_z to_z king_n charles_n the_o v._o who_o found_v the_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n now_o erect_v to_o a_o dukedom_n but_o the_o two_o other_o piece_n of_o that_o estate_n which_o charles_n brother_n to_o st._n lewis_n enjoy_v with_o his_o wife_n beatrix_n which_o be_v provence_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o two_o sicily_n remain_v always_o unite_v and_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n and_o sicily_n whether_o of_o the_o first_o house_n of_o anjou_n or_o of_o the_o second_o or_o of_o the_o family_n of_o arragon_n have_v always_o claim_v a_o right_a to_o the_o county_n of_o provence_n so_o that_o naples_n and_o provence_n go_v under_o one_o right_a as_o we_o shall_v more_o full_o expound_v when_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o claim_n of_o france_n upon_o naples_n 6._o jane_n queen_n of_o naples_n of_o the_o first_o house_n of_o anjou_n go_v out_o of_o italy_n an._n 1379._o with_o pope_n clement_n vii_o and_o retire_v to_o avignon_n when_o that_o great_a schism_n begin_v which_o contitinue_v forty_o year_n since_o which_o time_n although_o there_o have_v be_v many_o dispute_n for_o the_o succession_n of_o naples_n between_o the_o family_n of_o charles_n de_fw-fr duras_n the_o duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n and_o that_o portion_n of_o italy_n pass_v through_o many_o change_n yet_o province_n into_o which_o that_o jane_n retire_v be_v soon_o after_o put_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o lewis_n first_o duke_n of_o anjou_n brother_n to_o charles_n the_o v._o and_o both_o he_o and_o his_o descent_n enjoy_v it_o peaceable_o without_o any_o disturbance_n from_o the_o house_n of_o hungary_n and_o arragon_n who_o be_v fight_v for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n although_o both_o pretend_v that_o province_n belong_v to_o they_o by_o the_o same_o right_n but_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o place_n as_o lie_v under_o the_o wing_n of_o france_n which_o may_v assist_v it_o at_o any_o time_n keep_v the_o possession_n thereof_o to_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n and_o final_o from_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n it_o past_a to_o that_o of_o france_n be_v leave_v to_o lewis_n the_o xi_o by_o charles_n count_n du_fw-fr main_fw-fr heir_n and_o nephew_n to_o rene_n titular_a king_n of_o naples_n and_o real_a possessor_n of_o province_n lewis_n the_o xi_o though_o he_o know_v the_o right_n of_o the_o french_a in_o naples_n which_o his_o son_n charles_n the_o viii_o and_o his_o other_o successor_n have_v pursue_v yet_o he_o neglect_v it_o and_o content_v himself_o to_o take_v provence_n by_o this_o discourse_n it_o appear_v that_o who_o so_o have_v the_o lawful_a possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n which_o we_o shall_v examine_v afterward_o have_v also_o a_o lawful_a right_n to_o province_n 7._o beside_o that_o claim_n of_o the_o possessor_n of_o naples_n upon_o province_n disputable_a between_o that_o house_n first_o of_o anjou_n and_o that_o of_o arragon_n &_o austria_n there_o be_v a_o more_o particular_a claim_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n against_o the_o french_a king_n heir_n to_o that_o charles_n du_fw-fr main_fw-fr the_o lorriner_n pretend_v that_o rené_fw-fr have_v a_o daughter_n name_v yoland_n from_o which_o the_o house_n of_o lorraine_n be_v descend_v can_v not_o lawful_o disinherit_v his_o grandchild_n to_o give_v his_o estate_n to_o charles_n du_fw-fr maine_n his_o nephew_n to_o which_o the_o french_a answer_n two_o thing_n 1._o that_o province_n be_v a_o purchase_n of_o rené_fw-fr who_o can_v dispose_v of_o it_o 2._o and_o that_o province_n use_v the_o civil_a or_o roman_a law_n by_o which_o testament_n be_v free_a but_o the_o discussion_n of_o that_o point_n be_v for_o another_o place_n howsoever_o this_o remain_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o the_o french_a king_n after_o they_o have_v peaceable_o enjoy_v the_o county_n of_o province_n above_o 270._o year_n and_o the_o invader_n of_o naples_n never_o have_v any_o thing_n in_o it_o which_o indeed_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o they_o may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o it_o but_o the_o reason_n whereby_o we_o shall_v exclude_v they_o hereafter_o from_o any_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n will_v serve_v also_o to_o invalid_a their_o claim_n upon_o province_n paragraphe_n iii_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n 1._o the_o burgundian_n come_v out_o of_o germany_n or_o some_o other_o nation_n of_o the_o north_n in_o that_o great_a inundation_n of_o northern_a people_n over_o the_o roman_a empire_n about_o the_o year_n 400._o found_v a_o state_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o first_o kingdom_n of_o burgundy_n about_o the_o river_n of_o saone_n and_o rhone_n and_o near_o the_o alps_n and_o that_o state_n have_v begin_v an._n 407._o be_v ruin_v by_o the_o child_n of_o the_o great_a clovis_n about_o the_o year_n 527._o and_o last_v about_o six_o score_n year_n 2._o since_o which_o time_n under_o the_o first_o race_n of_o the_o french_a king_n burgundy_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o orleans_n some_o part_n of_o it_o also_o belong_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mets_n and_o austrasia_n and_o in_o the_o end_n the_o kingdom_n of_o mets_n and_o that_o of_o burgundy_n become_v all_o one_o till_o by_o the_o partage_n between_o the_o child_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a that_o part_n of_o burgundy_n which_o be_v beyond_o the_o river_n of_o saone_n remain_v with_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o the_o portion_n of_o lothary_a the_o elder_a son_n the_o other_o on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o river_n of_o saone_n be_v allot_v to_o france_n and_o be_v a_o considerable_a member_n of_o the_o same_o before_o the_o institution_n of_o fee_n make_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o

dolphin_n francis_n but_o be_v since_o neglect_v that_o au_o thenticall_a union_n of_o britain_n with_o the_o crown_n can_v be_v dispute_v since_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n do_v intervene_v and_o that_o in_o all_o public_a business_n all_o private_a right_n must_v bow_v and_o yield_v to_o the_o public_a good_a salus_fw-la populi_fw-la suprema_fw-la lexesto_fw-la 3._o beside_o ever_o since_o john_n of_o montford_n by_o the_o battle_n of_o auray_n an._n 1364._o remain_v master_n of_o the_o duchy_n and_o exclude_v jane_n his_o cosen-german_a wife_n to_o charles_n de_fw-fr blois_n object_v that_o she_o be_v a_o woman_n and_o that_o woman_n be_v not_o capable_a heir_n of_o estate_n of_o that_o nature_n since_o that_o time_n i_o say_v it_o may_v be_v affirm_v that_o female_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o succession_n of_o britain_n and_o that_o if_o anne_n wife_n to_o the_o two_o king_n charles_n the_o vii_o and_o lewis_n the_o xii_o be_v admit_v to_o it_o it_o be_v by_o toleration_n for_o by_o right_n after_o the_o death_n of_o francis_n the_o last_o duke_n the_o duchy_n be_v devolve_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o true_o francis_n the_o last_o duke_n by_o his_o great_a revolt_n have_v give_v sufficient_a cause_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o sovereign_n to_o deprive_v he_o of_o his_o estate_n 4._o the_o french_a also_o may_v here_o set_v up_o the_o right_n of_o aubain_n which_o exclude_v stranger_n &_o admit_v none_o but_o regnicolae_fw-la inhabitant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o succession_n which_o must_v especial_o be_v observe_v in_o great_a estate_n and_o most_o of_o all_o in_o those_o that_o owe_v a_o liege_n homage_n for_o whereas_o the_o duke_n of_o britain_n do_v owe_v personal_a service_n to_o the_o king_n how_o can_v a_o woman_n bear_v in_o spain_n tie_v with_o blood_n and_o interest_n unto_o a_o house_n always_o jealous_a and_o often_o declare_v enemy_n of_o the_o state_n of_o france_n perform_v that_o part_n of_o her_o duty_n to_o the_o crown_n a_o duty_n absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o state_n unto_o which_o the_o establish_n of_o all_o fee_n must_v have_v regard_n 6._o the_o french_a may_v deal_v beside_o with_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n by_o right_a of_o represal_n for_o since_o that_o house_n withhold_v so_o many_o dutchy_n and_o county_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n without_o any_o recompense_n or_o satisfaction_n they_o think_v not_o themselves_o bind_v to_o give_v ear_n to_o their_o pretence_n upon_o so_o little_a ground_n second_o point_n of_o the_o three_o chapter_n the_o pretence_n of_o the_o house_n of_o france_n upon_o that_o of_o austria_n a_o book_n be_v publish_v an._n 1634._o entitle_v inquisition_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o king_n and_o crown_n of_o france_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n dutchy_n country_n town_n and_o country_n usurp_v by_o foreign_a prince_n upon_o the_o most_o christian_a king_n compose_v by_o cassan_n the_o king_n advocate_n in_o the_o fresidial_a of_o bezier_n wherein_o all_o that_o we_o have_v to_o say_v of_o this_o matter_n be_v full_o and_o curious_o set_v down_o which_o though_o we_o will_v but_o summary_o relate_v yet_o we_o hope_v to_o add_v something_o to_o it_o both_o for_o order_n and_o matter_n we_o will_v stand_v here_o only_o upon_o those_o right_n which_o be_v dispute_v against_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o empire_n both_o because_o it_o be_v our_o present_a business_n and_o because_o all_o other_o claim_v be_v stale_a and_o of_o small_a importance_n all_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o french_a upon_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v either_o ancient_a and_o almost_o wear_v out_o as_o the_o pretence_n upon_o castilia_n portugal_n arragon_n catalonia_n or_o late_a and_o important_a upon_o dominion_n to_o which_o they_o maintain_v their_o right_n and_o claim_v they_o from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o hinder_v a_o prescription_n join_v to_o their_o claim_n active_a prosecution_n by_o arm_n though_o i_o may_v omit_v those_o first_o pretence_n as_o too_o stale_a yet_o i_o will_v here_o set_v they_o down_o among_o the_o rest_n for_o the_o information_n of_o curious_a reader_n all_o the_o pretence_n either_o new_a or_o old_a of_o the_o french_a upon_o the_o spaniard_n be_v either_o within_o or_o without_o spain_n in_o that_o peninsula_n call_v spain_n enclose_v within_o the_o great_a ocean_n the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o the_o pyrenees_n since_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o saracen_n a_o 713._o there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o petty_a state_n under_o the_o title_n of_o kingdom_n dutchy_n county_n etc._n etc._n into_o which_o that_o great_a province_n be_v divide_v either_o by_o the_o moor_n when_o they_o conquer_v the_o land_n or_o by_o the_o christian_n when_o they_o reconquer_v it_o and_o it_o be_v but_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n since_o there_o be_v yet_o five_o remarkable_a distinct_a sovereignty_n in_o spain_n castilia_n arragon_n navarra_n portugal_n and_o granada_n four_o of_o which_o castilia_n arragon_n navarra_n and_o granada_n be_v unite_v by_o ferdinand_n the_o catholic_a portugal_n come_v to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n an_z 1580._o under_o philip_n the_o ii_o for_o here_o i_o speak_v not_o yet_o of_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o portugais_n and_o catalans_n which_o have_v cut_v off_o two_o considerable_a limb_n of_o that_o great_a body_n of_o which_o we_o will_v say_v more_o before_o we_o have_v do_v this_o be_v not_o a_o fit_a place_n to_o examine_v how_o these_o several_a state_n be_v found_v and_o how_o unite_v as_o they_o be_v now_o we_o consider_v only_o that_o there_o be_v six_o piece_n within_o spain_n upon_o which_o the_o french_a have_v pretence_n castilia_n portugal_n navarra_n arragon_n catalonia_n and_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n and_o out_o of_o spain_n they_o claim_v a_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o sicily_n the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n the_o commonwealth_n of_o genoa_n and_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n paragraphe_n i._o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castilia_n the_o saracen_n moor_n have_v invade_v spain_n a_o 713_o be_v manful_o oppose_v by_o two_o catholic_a prince_n inigo_n imenes_n surname_v arista_n count_n of_o bigorre_n who_o conquer_v upon_o they_o part_n of_o the_o pyrenees_n and_o found_v the_o little_a kingdom_n of_o suprarba_n call_v afterward_o navarra_n the_o other_o prince_n be_v don_n pelagus_fw-la uncle_n or_o cousin_n to_o king_n rodriguez_n dispossess_v before_o by_o the_o saracen_n this_o prince_n found_v a_o kingdom_n towards_o asturia_n call_v gallicia_n or_o leon_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o oviedo_n he_o and_o his_o descendant_n and_o people_n stretch_v themselves_o towards_o the_o plain_n recover_v the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o the_o straight_a of_o gibraltar_n and_o build_v many_o castle_n upon_o their_o frontier_n to_o keep_v out_o the_o saracen_n whence_o the_o country_n be_v call_v castilia_n which_o remain_v under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o oviedo_n till_o the_o year_n 896._o when_v the_o castilian_n incense_v against_o their_o king_n frocla_n who_o have_v usurp_v the_o state_n of_o his_o nephew_n canton_v themselves_o and_o choose_v two_o sovereign_a judge_n the_o two_o first_o be_v nugno_fw-la rasuro_fw-la and_o flavio_n galvo_n but_o about_o 40_o year_n after_o a_o 939._o sanchez_n king_n of_o oviedo_n and_o leon_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o castilia_n and_o reunite_v it_o unto_o the_o kingdom_n of_o oviedo_n where_o it_o remain_v till_o dom_n sanchez_n surname_v the_o great_a king_n of_o navarra_n who_o have_v castilia_n by_o his_o wife_n make_v that_o famous_a partage_n between_o his_o three_o son_n give_v navarra_n to_o garcias_n his_o elder_a son_n to_o ferdinando_n castilia_n and_o leon_n and_o to_o ramires_n his_o bastard_n arragon_n that_o partage_n be_v about_o the_o year_n 1036._o which_o be_v the_o date_n of_o the_o birth_n and_o distinction_n of_o those_o three_o state_n in_o spain_n from_o that_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o castilia_n descend_v long_o after_o alphonsus_n the_o ix_o the_o father_n of_o three_o child_n one_o son_n call_v henry_n and_o two_o daughter_n blanch_n and_o berengera_fw-mi henry_n reign_v after_o his_o father_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n blanch_n be_v marry_v to_o lewis_n the_o viii_o king_n of_o france_n and_o be_v mother_n of_o st_n lewis_n berengera_fw-mi be_v marry_v to_o alphonsus_n the_o ix_o king_n of_o leon_n after_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n blanch_n as_o the_o elder_a be_v the_o undoubted_a heir_n of_o castilia_n and_o beringera_fw-mi have_v no_o right_a to_o it_o be_v the_o young_a yet_o because_o beringera_fw-mi be_v within_o the_o country_n and_o blanch_n live_v in_o france_n very_o far_o she_o seize_v upon_o the_o state_n and_o with_o it_o invest_v her_o son_n ferdinand_n although_o many_o of_o the_o grandee_n oppose_v it_o stand_v for_o the_o right_n

excommunicate_v all_o that_o take_v part_n with_o lewis_n and_o put_v a_o interdict_v as_o they_o call_v it_o upon_o their_o estate_n lewis_n maintain_v himself_o against_o his_o fulmination_n both_o by_o a_o assembly_n of_o his_o prelate_n at_o tours_n who_o clear_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o king_n conscience_n as_o his_o history_n speak_v and_o especial_o by_o arm_n whereby_o he_o repress_v all_o the_o invader_n of_o his_o state_n and_o put_v they_o to_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o but_o john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n and_o catherine_n of_o navarra_n be_v expel_v from_o their_o state_n by_o ferdinand_n the_o catholic_a who_o make_v a_o show_n to_o pass_v into_o guienne_n to_o join_v with_o the_o english_a and_o seize_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o papal_a interdict_v sudden_o turn_v upon_o navarra_n and_o take_v it_o an._n 1512._o both_o because_o john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n be_v unite_v with_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v a_o rebel_n against_o the_o church_n and_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o english_a with_o who_o ferdinand_n have_v alliance_n also_o because_o the_o spaniard_n hold_v that_o there_o be_v a_o tacit_n agreement_n between_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n not_o to_o suffer_v that_o any_o of_o the_o spanish_a crown_n shall_v fall_v into_o foreign_a hand_n or_o into_o house_n not_o sovereign_a as_o those_o of_o foix_n and_o albret_n as_o the_o reason_n and_o pretence_n of_o that_o invasion_n be_v leight_n and_o groundless_a the_o french_a stand_n to_o their_o right_n to_o this_o day_n against_o that_o manifest_a invasion_n and_o hinder_v the_o prescription_n by_o arm_n treaty_n and_o protestation_n paragraphe_n iu._n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n cassan_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n with_o more_o zeal_n than_o judgement_n will_v ground_v those_o right_n upon_o conquest_n 800._o year_n old_a and_o ancient_a expedition_n of_o the_o french_a king_n into_o spain_n where_o they_o take_v some_o town_n of_o navarra_n arragon_n and_o catalonia_n not_o consider_v the_o many_o change_n of_o succession_n in_o so_o many_o year_n the_o conquest_n of_o catalonia_n and_o arragon_n by_o charlemain_n give_v to_o the_o french_a no_o more_o right_a there_o in_o these_o time_n than_o those_o of_o caesar_n in_o france_n to_o the_o now_o emperor_n the_o right_n of_o the_o french_a over_o arragon_n catalonia_n &_o roussillon_n which_o have_v some_o ground_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o head_n the_o first_o be_v how_o charles_n count_n of_o anjou_n brother_n to_o saint_n lewis_n be_v invest_v with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o two_o sicily_n against_o the_o child_n of_o the_o emperor_n friderick_n the_o ii_o peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n who_o have_v marry_v constance_n daughter_n to_o manfred_n bastard_n of_o frederick_n claim_v that_o kingdom_n from_o his_o wife_n make_v those_o bloody_a sicilian_a vesper_n an._n 1281._o a_o action_n which_o do_v incense_v the_o whole_a christendom_n against_o that_o peter_n well_o surname_v the_o cruel_a pope_n martin_n the_o iv_o especial_o a_o frenchman_n by_o birth_n and_o affection_n who_o excommunicate_v peter_n and_o put_v his_o kingdom_n in_o interdict_v not_o only_o by_o the_o general_a maxim_n of_o the_o pope_n that_o in_o certain_a case_n they_o have_v power_n over_o the_o temporal_n of_o king_n but_o because_o arragon_n have_v be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n a_o fee_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n so_o the_o pope_n deal_v with_o that_o perfidious_a king_n as_o sovereign_n of_o arragon_n to_o that_o purpose_n he_o send_v a_o legate_n into_o france_n which_o offer_v the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n to_o king_n philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n for_o his_o son_n charles_n count_n of_o valois_n whereupon_o philip_n assemble_v the_o state_n general_n at_o paris_n accept_v the_o pope_n gift_n and_o undertake_v the_o war_n against_o peter_n take_v arragon_n gatalonia_n &_o valentia_n and_o invest_v his_o son_n charles_n with_o these_o kingdom_n pay_v five_o hundred_o liver_n yearly_a to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n it_o be_v true_a that_o after_o these_o conquest_n king_n philip_n as_o he_o return_v into_o france_n dye_v at_o perpignan_n and_o the_o french_a soon_o after_o lose_v all_o that_o country_n yet_o their_o right_n if_o they_o have_v any_o by_o the_o donation_n of_o the_o pope_n remain_v as_o good_a as_o before_o but_o the_o spaniard_n contradict_v that_o right_n say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o great_a confusion_n about_o that_o quarrel_n a_o marriage_n be_v make_v between_o that_o charles_n de_fw-fr valois_n pretend_v king_n of_o arragon_n and_z margaret_z daughter_n to_o charles_n the_o two_o king_n of_o naples_n to_o which_o margaret_n the_o county_n of_o anjou_n and_o maine_n be_v give_v for_o her_o portion_n which_o have_v be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o charles_n brother_n to_o st_n lewis_n and_o by_o he_o unite_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n with_o this_o proviso_n that_o though_o margaret_n shall_v die_v without_o issue_n charles_n shall_v possess_v these_o county_n yield_v all_o his_o right_n and_o claim_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n which_o charles_n do_v and_o so_o that_o great_a difference_n be_v end_v the_o second_o head_n whence_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o french_a upon_o arragon_n do_v arise_v regard_v the_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n the_o second_o son_n of_o king_n john_n of_o france_n be_v lewis_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o duchy_n of_o anjou_n a_o prince_n well_o know_v in_o history_n as_o he_o that_o be_v make_v regent_n of_o france_n in_o the_o minority_n of_o charles_n the_o vi_o and_o after_o invest_v with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n by_o queen_n jane_n the_o first_o a_o right_n which_o he_o prosecute_v and_o perish_v in_o the_o prosecution_n but_o he_o leave_v the_o title_n to_o his_o child_n his_o son_n lewis_n the_o two_o marry_v yoland_n daughter_n to_o john_n the_o i._o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o of_o yoland_n of_o bar_n his_o wife_n the_o elder_a sister_n of_o that_o yoland_n wife_n to_o lewis_n the_o two_o of_o anjou_n which_o be_v jane_n countess_n of_o foix_n be_v dead_a without_o issue_n and_o no_o child_n remain_v of_o john_n of_o arragon_n but_o that_o yoland_n duchess_n of_o anjou_n she_o be_v the_o undoubted_a heir_n of_o that_o state_n but_o her_o uncle_n martin_n duke_n of_o montblanc_n seize_v upon_o it_o lewis_n send_v the_o bishop_n of_o couserans_n to_o represent_v his_o right_n and_o when_o after_o the_o death_n of_o martin_n he_o will_v dispute_v his_o right_n by_o the_o sword_n he_o be_v persuade_v to_o put_v the_o business_n to_o a_o arbitrement_n for_o the_o peer_n and_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n have_v choose_v arbitrator_n to_o umpire_n the_o business_n between_o lewis_n and_o martin_n and_o examine_v the_o claim_n of_o other_o pretender_n and_o though_o the_o umpire_n be_v almost_o all_o arragones_n they_o will_v not_o pronounce_v any_o thing_n so_o that_o quarrel_n remain_v undecided_a and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o two_o martin_n father_n and_o son_n the_o arbitration_n be_v renew_v nine_o arbitrator_n defer_v the_o kingdom_n to_o ferdinand_n brother_n to_o henry_n the_o iii_o king_n of_o castilia_n that_o sentence_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o antipope_n benedict_n the_o xiii_o who_o be_v forsake_v almost_o by_o all_o the_o world_n have_v take_v sanctuary_n in_o arragon_n against_o the_o nullity_n of_o that_o sentence_n the_o child_n of_o yoland_n lewis_n the_o iii_o of_o anjou_n and_o rené_fw-fr do_v protest_v yea_o the_o child_n of_o rené_fw-fr make_v war_n in_o arragon_n to_o recover_v it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o lewis_n the_o xi_o of_o france_n but_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o forsake_v all_o and_o arragon_n remain_v with_o the_o usurper_n unto_o this_o day_n yet_o i_o see_v not_o that_o the_o french_a urge_v much_o that_o claim_n be_v somewhat_o too_o old_a to_o be_v now_o revive_v paragraphe_n v._o of_o catalonia_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o catalonia_n which_o be_v a_o great_a province_n of_o spain_n bound_v on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n with_o valentia_n arragon_n and_o roussillon_n it_o be_v both_o before_o the_o roman_n and_o under_o they_o part_n of_o hispania_n tarraconensis_n as_o arragon_n and_o other_o country_n near_o the_o river_n of_o ebro_n since_o which_o time_n be_v conquer_v by_o the_o gotth_n and_o alan_n together_o it_o be_v call_v by_o they_o gottalania_n which_o name_n be_v since_o corrupt_v to_o catalaunia_n it_o be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o the_o gotth_n till_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o saracen_n a_o 713._o who_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o as_o of_o most_o part_n of_o spain_n but_o charlemain_n take_v it_o from_o they_o and_o all_o the_o country_n near_o the_o river_n of_o ebro_n about_o the_o year_n 800._o expelling_a zaron_n the_o

give_v he_o by_o the_o pope_n that_o he_o be_v first_o to_o conquer_v it_o before_o he_o can_v enjoy_v the_o gift_n great_a war_n he_o have_v against_o manfred_n bastard_n of_o friderick_n the_o ii_o emperor_n and_o against_o conradin_n the_o emperor_n grandchild_n who_o he_o take_v in_o battle_n and_o behead_v he_o a_o bloody_a execution_n which_o cause_v much_o animosity_n and_o war_n between_o that_o house_n of_o france_n and_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o house_n of_o suaben_n which_o be_v constantia_n daughter_n to_o manfred_n wife_n to_o peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n who_o to_o avenge_v the_o death_n of_o that_o king_n conradin_n his_o wife_n cousin_n &_o to_o repress_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o french_a be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o bloody_a sicilian_a vesper_n whereby_o the_o french_a be_v utter_o expel_v from_o sicily_n an._n 1261._o and_o sicily_n remain_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n and_o since_o although_o many_o war_n and_o treaty_n have_v intervene_v to_o reunite_v these_o two_o state_n they_o have_v always_o be_v separate_v till_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n have_v get_v the_o dominion_n of_o naples_n wherefore_o we_o will_v speak_v no_o more_o of_o sicily_n which_o the_o french_a lose_v in_o effect_n in_o that_o massacre_n and_o since_o quit_v their_o right_n to_o it_o by_o several_a treaty_n 4._o but_o as_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n that_o french_a family_n of_o charles_n d'_fw-fr anjou_n be_v settle_v in_o it_o from_o the_o year_n 1264._o until_o the_o death_n of_o jane_n the_o two_o an._n 1435._o in_o all_o 171._o year_n we_o intend_v not_o to_o relate_v that_o history_n but_o only_o to_o observe_v these_o thing_n which_o concern_v our_o present_a purpose_n first_o that_o charles_n the_o lame_a the_o second_o king_n and_o son_n to_o that_o first_o charles_n marry_v mary_n inheritrice_n of_o hungary_n and_o so_o these_o two_o kingdom_n be_v unite_v of_o their_o child_n the_o elder_a charles_n surname_v martel_n have_v hungary_n for_o his_o portion_n and_o from_o he_o some_o prince_n of_o hungary_n be_v descend_v the_o second_o son_n be_v lewis_n who_o will_v be_v a_o franciscan_a friar_n and_o be_v bishop_n of_o toulouse_n the_o three_o son_n robert_n inherit_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n there_o be_v more_o brother_n who_o have_v several_a apanage_n but_o it_o be_v not_o this_o robert_n that_o continue_v the_o line_n of_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n he_o be_v father_n to_o prince_n charles_n who_o die_v before_o his_o father_n leave_v a_o daughter_n that_o famous_a or_o rather_o infamous_a queen_n jane_n the_o first_o that_o rule_v that_o state_n almost_o forty_o year_n next_o it_o must_v be_v know_v that_o this_o wicked_a jane_n lascivious_a and_o cruel_a so_o far_o as_o to_o strangle_v her_o husband_n andrew_n a_o young_a prince_n of_o that_o other_o branch_n of_o hungary_n fill_v her_o kingdom_n with_o great_a trouble_n by_o her_o wickedness_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o her_o reign_n a_o 1378._o happen_v the_o great_a schism_n of_o the_o church_n when_o urban_n the_o vi_o be_v make_v pope_n by_o violence_n many_o cardinal_n elect_v in_o his_o stead_n robert_n cardinal_n of_o geneva_n who_o take_v the_o name_n of_o clement_n the_o vii_o queen_n jane_n be_v a_o enemy_n to_o urban_n who_o be_v bear_v her_o subject_n declare_v herself_o for_o clement_n her_o crim_n whereby_o she_o have_v put_v her_o husband_n to_o death_n have_v be_v long_o cover_v by_o a_o accommodation_n make_v by_o clement_n the_o vi_o who_o appease_v lewis_n the_o great_a king_n of_o hungary_n brother_n to_o andrew_n who_o jane_n have_v strangle_v but_o pope_n urban_n the_o vi_o to_o be_v avenge_v of_o jane_n stir_v again_o the_o house_n of_o hungary_n against_o she_o and_o a_o prince_n of_o that_o house_n named_z charles_n de_fw-fr duras_n come_v and_o besiege_v she_o in_o castello_n del_fw-it ovo_fw-la at_o naples_n take_v she_o and_o strangle_v she_o a_o 1382._o in_o the_o same_o place_n as_o some_o say_v where_o she_o have_v strangle_v she_o first_o husband_n 3._o but_o the_o same_o princess_n see_v that_o urban_n invite_v the_o house_n of_o hungary_n to_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n call_v to_o her_o help_n king_n charles_n the_o vi_o of_o france_n an_z 1380._o by_o the_o advice_n of_o pope_n clement_n and_o by_o his_o leave_n for_o he_o bear_v himself_o for_o her_o sovereign_n she_o adopt_a lewis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n brother_n to_o charles_n the_o v._o of_o france_n and_o head_n of_o the_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n regent_n of_o france_n in_o the_o minority_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o vi_o from_o that_o adoption_n the_o french_a fetch_v their_o right_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n for_o from_o the_o offspring_n of_o that_o lewis_n the_o french_a king_n have_v inherit_v 4._o charles_n de_fw-fr duras_n after_o he_o have_v strangle_v queen_n jane_n seize_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n and_o reign_v in_o her_o stead_n and_o after_o he_o his_o two_o child_n first_o ladislaus_n who_o the_o french_a historian_n call_v lancelot_n and_o jane_n the_o second_o they_o three_o hold_v the_o state_n 53._o year_n from_o the_o year_n 1382._o till_o the_o year_n 1436._o but_o because_o jane_n the_o first_o a_o little_a afore_o her_o death_n have_v adopt_v lewis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n that_o house_n of_o duras_n have_v continual_a war_n with_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n lewis_n the_o i._o come_v to_o naples_n and_o there_o dye_v lewis_n the_o two_o his_o son_n have_v great_a war_n with_o ladislaus_n and_o for_o a_o time_n be_v master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o ladislaus_n be_v dead_a without_o issue_n a_o 1414._o his_o sister_n queen_n jane_n the_o second_o succeed_v he_o as_o bad_a a_o woman_n as_o the_o first_o jane_n for_o impudicity_fw-la and_o extravagancy_n she_o be_v degrade_v by_o the_o pope_n martin_n the_o v._o and_o lewis_n the_o iii_o grandchild_n of_o the_o first_o lewis_n of_o anjou_n name_v by_o he_o to_o reign_v in_o her_o place_n she_o adopt_a alphonsus_n king_n of_o arragon_n and_o sicily_n for_o her_o son_n with_o who_o that_o lewis_n the_o iii_o have_v great_a war_n and_o have_v sometime_o the_o better_a sometime_o the_o worst_a but_o jane_n be_v of_o a_o inconstant_a spirit_n despise_v alphonsus_n be_v altogether_o govern_v by_o her_o favourite_n john_n carraciolo_n which_o alphonsus_n not_o able_a to_o bear_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o city_n of_o naples_n upon_o which_o she_o cancel_v her_o will_n make_v in_o favour_n of_o alphonsus_n and_o instead_o of_o he_o adopt_a lewis_n the_o iv_o of_o anjou_n who_o before_o be_v her_o enemy_n that_o adoption_n make_v a_o 1422._o be_v the_o second_o ground_n of_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o french_a to_o naples_n and_o the_o seed_n of_o so_o many_o war_n and_o calamity_n and_o of_o the_o great_a division_n between_o the_o house_n of_o france_n and_o spain_n the_o spaniard_n maintain_v the_o first_o adoption_n as_o valid_a because_o alphonsus_n though_o accuse_v by_o jane_n of_o ungratefulness_n upon_o which_o she_o ground_v the_o disannul_n of_o his_o adoption_n do_v nothing_o as_o they_o say_v against_o the_o respect_n due_a to_o his_o adoptive_a mother_n but_o only_o go_v about_o to_o repress_v the_o extravagancy_n of_o that_o light-brained_a woman_n to_o have_v that_o part_n in_o her_o affair_n which_o by_o right_o belong_v to_o he_o and_o especial_o curb_v the_o insolency_n of_o carraciolo_n who_o keep_v a_o scandalous_a familiarity_n with_o that_o woman_n the_o french_a say_v that_o the_o second_o adoption_n be_v of_o more_o validity_n that_o the_o cause_n of_o ungratefulness_n be_v sufficient_a to_o break_v a_o adoption_n that_o alphonsus_n misuse_v his_o adoptive_a mother_n seize_v upon_o the_o city_n of_o naples_n besiege_v she_o and_o keep_v she_o shut_v up_o and_o do_v all_o act_n of_o sovereign_n to_o her_o contempt_n and_o disgrace_n 5._o this_o lewis_n the_o iv_o duke_n of_o anjou_n have_v recover_v naples_n enjoy_v it_o with_o some_o peace_n together_o with_o jane_n but_o die_v before_o she_o a_o 1434._o because_o he_o leave_v no_o issue_n she_o adopt_v his_o brother_n rené_fw-fr duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o herself_o soon_o after_o dye_v but_o rené_fw-fr being_n then_o keep_v prisoner_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n he_o can_v not_o go_v to_o receive_v his_o inheritance_n his_o wife_n elizabeth_n go_v but_o too_o late_a though_o at_o the_o first_o she_o get_v some_o advantage_n in_o the_o end_n alphonsus_n remain_v master_n and_o the_o party_n of_o anjou_n be_v quite_o expel_v out_o of_o the_o land_n only_a rené_fw-fr keep_v the_o possession_n of_o provence_n which_o be_v a_o appurtenance_n of_o that_o state_n for_o since_o the_o first_o adoption_n of_o lewis_n the_o i_o duke_n of_o anjou_n by_o queen_n jane_n the_o i._o that_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n have_v keep_v the_o

possession_n of_o provence_n neither_o do_v charles_n de_fw-fr duras_n nor_o his_o child_n nor_o alphonsus_n possess_v any_o thing_n in_o it_o 6._o rené_fw-fr die_v a_o 1480._o although_o his_o daughter_n yoland_n duchess_n of_o lorraine_n have_v leave_v child_n he_o leave_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o county_n of_o provence_n and_o of_o his_o right_n upon_o naples_n charles_n count_n du_fw-fr maine_n son_n to_o his_o brother_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o title_n and_o charles_n die_v likewise_o without_o issue_n leave_v lewis_n the_o xi_o his_o heir_n in_o all_o his_o state_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n successor_n to_o lewis_n lewis_n neglect_v to_o go_v to_o naples_n hold_v by_o ferdinand_n bastard_n of_o that_o alphonsus_n and_o by_o his_o child_n content_v himself_o to_o hold_v provence_n but_o his_o son_n charles_n the_o viii_o undertake_v the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n a_o 1493._o and_o after_o he_o lewis_z the_o xii_o and_o francis_n the_o i._o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n we_o shall_v see_v the_o several_a war_n partage_n and_o treaty_n between_o these_o two_o house_n for_o that_o kingdom_n so_o all_o the_o right_n of_o the_o house_n of_o france_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n be_v reduce_v to_o these_o head_n 1._o the_o investiture_n by_o urban_n the_o iv_o in_o favour_n of_o charles_n brother_n to_o st_n lewis_n a_o weak_a right_o if_o it_o be_v alone_o the_o french_a king_n have_v not_o succeed_v to_o that_o family_n by_o kindred_n for_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o any_o branch_n of_o the_o house_n of_o france_n do_v not_o therefore_o belong_v to_o france_n 2._o the_o adoption_n of_o lewis_n the_o first_o of_o the_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n by_o queen_n jane_n the_o i._o by_o the_o counsel_n and_o leave_v of_o clement_n the_o vii_o who_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o france_n for_o a_o true_a pope_n by_o that_o adoption_n the_o right_a of_o naples_n fall_v to_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n of_o which_o the_o french_a king_n have_v inherit_v 3._o the_o two_o adoption_n make_v by_o queen_n jane_n the_o ii_o first_o of_o lewis_n the_o iii_o duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o after_o he_o of_o his_o brother_n rené_fw-fr 4._o the_o will_n of_o charles_n count_n du_fw-fr maine_n who_o name_v lewis_n the_o xi_o his_o heir_n both_o of_o provence_n and_o of_o his_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o his_o successor_n king_n of_o france_n after_o he_o paragraphe_n viii_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n after_o the_o wrack_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n a_o 400._o all_o the_o country_n about_o the_o river_n of_o po_n towards_o the_o alps_n be_v take_v by_o theodorick_n goth_n and_o keep_v by_o his_o child_n till_o about_o the_o year_n 550._o that_o they_o be_v recover_v by_o belifarius_fw-la and_o narses_n two_o captain_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n but_o soon_o after_o the_o same_o country_n be_v win_v by_o the_o ostrogoth_n king_n of_o italy_n and_o again_o by_o the_o lombard_n who_o settle_v a_o great_a state_n there_o and_o maintain_v it_o till_o the_o time_n of_o charlemain_n who_o destroy_v it_o an_z 774._o after_o which_o time_n all_o the_o town_n of_o those_o part_n be_v imperial_a belong_v to_o whosoever_o have_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o west_n the_o house_n of_o charlemain_n be_v degenerate_v and_o have_v lose_v the_o empire_n after_o the_o year_n 900._o the_o empire_n be_v dispute_v between_o the_o italian_a and_o the_o german_a prince_n for_o 50_o year_n in_o the_o end_n the_o german_n have_v prevail_v in_o the_o person_n of_o otho_n the_o i_o &_o the_o emperor_n his_o successor_n have_v choose_v the_o seat_n of_o their_o empire_n in_o germany_n and_o be_v at_o odds_o many_o time_n with_o the_o pope_n their_o power_n sensible_o decay_v in_o italy_n and_o great_a part_n of_o the_o town_n of_o lombardy_n slip_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n and_o choose_v to_o themselves_o italian_a lord_n the_o emperor_n retain_v the_o shadow_n only_o of_o sovereignty_n many_o also_o choose_v liberty_n &_o a_o popular_a state_n as_o sienna_n pisa_n florence_n genoa_n and_o other_o in_o these_o confusion_n the_o city_n of_o milan_n be_v usurp_v by_o the_o viscount_n of_o angleria_n a_o small_a place_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n who_o maintain_v themselves_o about_o six_o hundred_o year_n under_o that_o name_n and_o quality_n of_o viscount_n until_o the_o year_n 1497._o that_o the_o emperor_n wenceslaus_n not_o friderick_n as_o gassan_n say_v erect_v milan_n into_o a_o duchy_n the_o first_o duke_n be_v galeas_n the_o iii_o who_o have_v marry_v isabel_n daughter_n to_o john_n king_n of_o france_n that_o galeas_n have_v three_o son_n john_n maria_n that_o succeed_v he_o and_o die_v without_o issue_n philip_n maria_n that_o succeed_v his_o brother_n who_o likewise_o die_v without_o issue_n leave_v a_o bastard_n daughter_n name_v bona_n marry_v to_o francis_n sforza_n a_o soldier_n of_o fortune_n but_o a_o gallant_a man_n that_o first_o duke_n galeas_n beside_o these_o two_o son_n have_v a_o daughter_n call_v valentina_n marry_v to_o lewis_n duke_n of_o orleans_n son_n to_o charles_n the_o v._o king_n of_o france_n an_z 1398._o her_o father_n give_v she_o the_o county_n of_o ast_n for_o her_o portion_n with_o a_o million_o of_o liver_n wherewith_o the_o county_n of_o blois_n be_v buy_v chasteauduro_n soissons_fw-fr and_o other_o lordship_n and_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o matrimony_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o if_o the_o masculine_a line_n of_o galeas_n shall_v fail_v valentina_n and_o her_o child_n shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o duchy_n it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o clause_n have_v this_o great_a defect_n that_o the_o duchy_n be_v establish_v a_o masculine_a fee_n galeas_n can_v not_o make_v it_o feminine_a without_o the_o emperor_n leave_n which_o be_v not_o demand_v because_o the_o empire_n be_v then_o vacant_a by_o the_o degradation_n of_o wencestaus_n who_o the_o elector_n depose_v for_o his_o idleness_n but_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o pope_n benedict_n the_o xiii_o who_o then_o have_v his_o see_n at_o avignon_n approve_v that_o contract_n for_o that_o right_a the_o pope_n challenge_n in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o empire_n howsoever_o john_n maria_n and_o philip_n maria_n be_v dead_a without_o lawful_a issue_n none_o have_v more_o right_a to_o that_o succession_n than_o the_o child_n of_o valentina_n but_o that_o succession_n fall_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o confusion_n of_o france_n under_o charles_n the_o vii_o when_o the_o two_o son_n of_o valentina_n charles_n duke_n of_o orleans_n &_o john_n count_n of_o angoulesme_fw-fr be_v prisoner_n in_o england_n where_o the_o elder_a remain_v five_o and_o twenty_o year_n and_o the_o second_o well_o nigh_o thirty_o in_o that_o long_a time_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o francis_n sforza_n who_o have_v marry_v bona_n the_o bastard_n daughter_n of_o duke_n philip_n maria_n to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o milan_n of_o which_o he_o procure_v and_o obtain_v the_o investiture_n from_o the_o emperor_n friderick_n the_o iv_o this_o francis_n sforza_n have_v two_o son_n who_o he_o leave_v to_o the_o tuition_n of_o his_o brother_n ludovick_n sforza_n so_o famous_a in_o the_o history_n of_o milan_n who_o have_v make_v away_o his_o pupil_n seize_v upon_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n and_o be_v expel_v out_o of_o it_o by_o lewis_n the_o xii_o king_n of_o france_n and_o since_o be_v take_v &_o carry_v to_o loches_n where_o he_o die_v in_o prison_n he_o leave_v two_o son_n maximilian_n who_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o swisser_n and_o since_o take_v by_o francis_n the_o i._o and_o die_v in_o france_n his_o other_o son_n be_v francis_n sforza_n the_o second_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n 1534._o so_o that_o house_n of_o sforza_n maintain_v the_o usurpation_n of_o milan_n well_o nigh_o a_o hundred_o year_n among_o many_o war_n and_o division_n the_o lawful_a right_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o house_n of_o orleans_n with_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o county_n of_o ast_n which_o be_v part_n of_o that_o duchy_n but_o that_o right_o can_v not_o be_v prosecute_v 1._o in_o the_o desolation_n of_o the_o house_n of_o orleans_n and_o the_o great_a division_n between_o that_o house_n and_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n 2._o in_o the_o long_a inprisonment_n of_o the_o two_o prince_n of_o orleans_n 3._o in_o the_o great_a trouble_n of_o the_o state_n of_o france_n almost_o all_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o vii_o 4._o beside_o lewis_n the_o xi_o have_v many_o other_o business_n all_o his_o time_n neither_o do_v he_o love_v the_o house_n of_o orleans_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o his_o blood_n and_o of_o all_o thing_n he_o hate_v the_o war_n of_o italy_n whither_o he_o will_v never_o go_v neither_o for_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n nor_o for_o the_o receive_v the_o city_n of_o genoa_n that_o give_v herself_o to_o he_o 5._o all_o the_o

make_v they_o forsake_v the_o siege_n but_o frauget_n a_o old_a captain_n be_v make_v governor_n instead_o of_o lude_n he_o deliver_v it_o base_o to_o the_o spaniard_n for_o which_o he_o be_v degrade_v of_o nobility_n with_o this_o the_o french_a lose_v all_o navarra_n and_o never_o come_v into_o it_o since_o for_o milan_n francis_n have_v give_v the_o government_n of_o it_o to_o the_o constable_n charles_n de_fw-fr bourbon_n he_o remove_v he_o and_o give_v it_o to_o lautree_n of_o the_o house_n of_o foix_n a_o great_a captain_n in_o the_o field_n but_o a_o ill_a politician_n in_o a_o state_n he_o so_o misuse_v the_o people_n of_o milan_n both_o by_o himself_o and_o by_o his_o brother_n the_o marshal_n de_fw-fr lescun_fw-fr and_o together_o be_v so_o ill_o assist_v with_o money_n from_o the_o court_n that_o the_o emperor_n have_v a_o easy_a entry_n into_o the_o country_n milan_n be_v take_v and_o plunder_v by_o the_o league_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o french_a expel_v out_o of_o the_o duchy_n at_o which_o they_o say_v that_o the_o pope_n die_v for_o joy_n a_o 1621._o soon_o after_o the_o battle_n of_o la_fw-fr bicoque_fw-la be_v fight_v which_o the_o french_a lose_v by_o the_o stubborness_n of_o the_o swisser_n lautree_n be_v return_v into_o france_n the_o admiral_n de_fw-fr bonnivet_n be_v send_v to_o milan_n where_o he_o do_v no_o better_o and_o be_v force_v to_o forsake_v all_o in_o that_o retreat_n chevalier_n bayard_n be_v kill_v a_o 1523._o these_o prosperity_n of_o the_o emperor_n be_v much_o help_v by_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o constable_n of_o bourbon_n 1522_o who_o be_v incense_v by_o the_o little_a account_n that_o francis_n make_v of_o he_o the_o encroach_a of_o the_o duke_n of_o alencon_n and_o the_o marshal_n of_o bonivet_n upon_o his_o office_n of_o constable_n by_o the_o king_n favour_n the_o hatred_n of_o lovise_v the_o king_n mother_n and_o the_o chancellor_n du_fw-fr prat_n against_o he_o and_o the_o small_a justice_n which_o he_o expect_v in_o a_o suit_n which_o concern_v almost_o his_o whole_a estate_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o emperor_n party_n he_o help_v he_o to_o conquer_v milan_n and_o to_o give_v the_o chase_n to_o the_o admiral_n of_o bonivet_n pass_v into_o provence_n with_o the_o imperial_a army_n besiege_v marseille_n where_o he_o be_v repulse_v by_o renso_n de_fw-fr cera_n a_o roman_a baron_n and_o philip_n de_fw-fr chabot_n that_o keep_v it_o for_o the_o king_n he_o repass_v the_o alps_n and_o the_o king_n after_o he_o who_o come_v to_o milan_n recover_v present_o the_o whole_a duchy_n pavia_n only_o accept_v while_o francis_n be_v besiege_v pavia_n defend_v by_o antonio_n de_fw-fr leva_n charles_n de_fw-fr bourbon_n bring_v troop_n out_o of_o germany_n to_o relieve_v it_o the_o battle_n of_o pavia_n be_v fight_v where_o the_o victory_n be_v already_o on_o the_o king_n side_n he_o will_v follow_v in_o person_n the_o enemy_n which_o be_v retire_v and_o have_v no_o soon_o overtake_v they_o but_o he_o be_v take_v by_o they_o an_z 1524._o upon_o saint_n mathias_n day_n francis_n have_v be_v keep_v a_o while_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o pissigi●un_n be_v carry_v into_o spain_n and_o there_o keep_v prisoner_n his_o kingdom_n labour_v for_o his_o deliverance_n &_o for_o peace_n this_o bring_v forth_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n a_o 1525_o where_o gatinara_n chancellor_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr selva_n first_o precedent_n of_o paris_n who_o be_v the_o two_o learned_a among_o the_o deputy_n dispute_v at_o several_a time_n the_o right_n of_o their_o master_n selva_n claim_v naples_n navarra_n and_o the_o soverainties_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n gatinara_n claim_v the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n and_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n which_o the_o emperor_n then_o possess_v in_o the_o end_n the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n be_v make_v where_o among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v conclude_v febr._n 14._o 1525_o 1._o that_o within_o the_o 20._o day_n of_o the_o month_n of_o june_n next_o the_o king_n will_v put_v the_o durchy_n of_o burgundy_n into_o the_o emperor_n hand_n with_o all_o the_o appurtenance_n and_o dependence_n thereof_o and_o all_o that_o he_o hold_v of_o the_o french_a county_n 2_o that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o that_o duchy_n and_o county_n and_o of_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n 3._o that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v all_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n genoa_n ast_n douai_n l'isle_n tournay_n and_o hesdin_n 4._o that_o the_o king_n with_o all_o his_o power_n shall_v procure_v that_o henry_n d'_fw-fr albret_n forsake_v his_o claim_n to_o navarra_n in_o the_o emperor_n behalf_n or_o if_o henry_n refuse_v it_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o assist_v he_o with_o his_o force_n 5._o that_o the_o emperor_n shall_v likewise_o disclaim_v all_o his_o right_n to_o the_o county_n of_o ponthieu_n bullen_n and_o guines_n and_o to_o the_o town_n of_o montdidier_n roye_n peronne_n and_o other_o town_n and_o lordship_n of_o picardy_n paragraphe_n iv_o from_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n to_o that_o of_o cambray_n that_o period_n contain_v but_o four_o or_o five_o year_n in_o which_o many_o considerable_a thing_n do_v happen_v 1._o the_o king_n be_v deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n give_v his_o two_o son_n for_o hostage_n the_o dolphin_n francis_n and_z henry_n duke_n of_o orleans_n go_v to_o bayonne_n and_o bourdeaux_n stay_v at_o angoulesme_fw-fr and_o cognae_fw-la accompany_v with_o charles_n de_fw-fr lanoy_n viceroy_n of_o naples_n to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o treaty_n but_o that_o viceroy_n see_v in_o short_a time_n three_o action_n repugnant_a unto_o it_o 1._o the_o first_o that_o the_o king_n have_v cause_v the_o article_n to_o be_v read_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o state_n of_o his_o kingdom_n they_o tell_v he_o that_o they_o be_v unjust_a contrary_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o state_n and_o that_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o observe_v they_o although_o the_o king_n do_v protest_v of_o his_o willingness_n to_o see_v they_o observe_v two_o thing_n make_v these_o article_n unjust_a 1._o the_o right_a of_o nation_n whereby_o all_o treaty_n make_v by_o one_o keep_v in_o prison_n be_v account_v void_a as_o extort_a by_o violence_n 2._o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o state_n by_o which_o the_o king_n be_v always_o a_o minor_a as_o for_o the_o alienation_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n the_o second_o opposition_n to_o the_o treaty_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o naples_n be_v that_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n protest_v before_o the_o king_n that_o he_o can_v not_o alienate_v they_o without_o their_o consent_n and_o refuse_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o emperor_n the_o three_o that_o he_o see_v a_o league_n make_v at_o cognac_n for_o the_o expelling_a of_o the_o emperor_n out_o of_o italy_n the_o emperor_n have_v make_v himself_o formidable_a to_o all_o prince_n to_o the_o italian_n especial_o and_o go_v about_o to_o divest_v francisco_n sforza_n from_o milan_n which_o he_o have_v confer_v upon_o he_o after_o the_o battle_n of_o pavia_n the_o pope_n clement_n the_o vii_o king_n francis_n the_o venetian_n the_o swisser_n the_o florentine_n make_v a_o league_n which_o be_v call_v the_o sacred_a league_n to_o deliver_v italy_n from_o oppression_n without_o name_v the_o emperor_n who_o also_o in_o a_o scorn_n be_v invite_v to_o make_v one_o in_o it_o upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v restore_v the_o two_o son_n of_o france_n suffer_v the_o duke_n sforza_n to_o live_v in_o peace_n and_o give_v over_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o milan_n by_o that_o league_n the_o war_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v with_o common_a charge_n and_o because_o the_o italian_a prince_n may_v be_v afraid_a of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o french_a in_o italy_n no_o less_o then_o of_o that_o of_o the_o emperor_n king_n francis_n be_v to_o renounce_v his_o right_n to_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n in_o favour_n of_o sforza_n for_o a_o pension_n which_o shall_v be_v arbitrate_v by_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o venetian_n not_o under_o fifty_o thousand_o ducat_n that_o the_o county_n of_o ast_n shall_v remain_v to_o the_o king_n with_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o genoa_n under_o the_o government_n of_o antonio_n d'_fw-fr adornas_fw-la with_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n if_o he_o will_v subscribe_v to_o that_o league_n the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n be_v to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o pope_n hand_n he_o pay_v for_o it_o sixty_o thousand_o ducat_n of_o yearly_a pension_n that_o league_n be_v publish_v and_o proclaim_v at_o cognac_n in_o presence_n of_o lanoy_n to_o who_o the_o king_n make_v excuse_n for_o the_o inexecution_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n show_v how_o he_o be_v disable_v and_o declare_v

the_o emperor_n second_o offer_n be_v to_o fight_v a_o duel_n with_o the_o king_n either_o upon_o the_o land_n or_o in_o a_o boat_n that_o he_o leave_v to_o the_o king_n the_o choice_n of_o the_o arm_n that_o the_o vanquish_v shall_v give_v all_o his_o force_n to_o secure_v the_o sit_v of_o a_o council_n and_o to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o heretic_n and_o infidel_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v deposit_v the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n and_o himself_o that_o of_o milan_n to_o be_v the_o price_n of_o the_o victory_n the_o three_o offer_n be_v that_o if_o the_o king_n refuse_v these_o two_o condition_n he_o declare_v mortal_a war_n unto_o he_o till_o one_o of_o the_o two_o be_v make_v the_o poor_a gentleman_n of_o his_o kingdom_n the_o king_n purge_v himself_o to_o the_o pope_n by_o letter_n of_o all_o the_o emperor_n accusation_n the_o war_n grow_v hot_a in_o piedmont_n a_o 1536._o many_o exploit_n be_v do_v fossan_n be_v besiege_v by_o antonio_n de_fw-fr leva_n for_o the_o emperor_n and_o take_v the_o marquis_n of_o saluees_fw-la leave_v the_o king_n service_n and_o turn_n to_o the_o emperor_n who_o enter_v into_o provence_n and_o besiege_v marseille_n but_o in_o vain_a be_v defend_v by_o the_o king_n presence_n and_o by_o the_o generosity_n of_o ann_n de_fw-fr montmorency_n who_o since_o be_v constable_n of_o france_n the_o emperor_n be_v beat_v out_o of_o provence_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o count_n of_o nassan_n make_v some_o exploit_n in_o picardy_n for_o the_o emperor_n take_v guise_n besiege_v peronne_n but_o be_v repulse_v 4._o jean_n capell_n the_o king_n attorney_n general_n move_v the_o parliament_n that_o a_o process_n be_v make_v against_o charles_n as_o felon_n and_o traitor_n against_o his_o sovereign_n of_o who_o he_o hold_v the_o county_n of_o flanders_n artois_n and_o charolois_n in_o fee._n the_o court_n of_o peer_n hereupon_o assemble_v decree_n that_o charles_n shall_v be_v cite_v with_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o his_o state_n to_o appear_v before_o they_o and_o he_o not_o appear_v he_o be_v condemn_v and_o his_o dominion_n depend_v from_o the_o crown_n be_v confiscate_v present_o after_o the_o king_n take_v many_o place_n in_o artois_n an._n 1538._o the_o pope_n paul_n the_o iii_o come_v to_o nice_a where_o both_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o king_n meet_v also_o the_o pope_n commune_v separately_z with_o each_o of_o they_o for_o he_o can_v not_o obtain_v of_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v see_v one_o another_o yet_o they_o conclude_v a_o truce_n for_o ten_o year_n that_o meeting_n be_v end_v the_o king_n return_v into_o france_n the_o emperor_n into_o spain_n but_o see_v the_o king_n by_o the_o way_n at_o acquesmorte_n they_o confirm_v the_o truce_n and_o be_v civil_a one_o to_o another_o short_o after_o the_o city_n of_o ghent_n be_v revolt_v and_o have_v kill_v their_o magistrate_n charles_n desire_v francis_n to_o give_v he_o passage_n through_o his_o land_n which_o the_o king_n grant_v he_o in_o that_o passage_n the_o emperor_n receive_v all_o the_o royal_a honour_n the_o king_n go_v to_o meet_v he_o at_o chastellerant_n in_o that_o interview_n the_o emperor_n give_v the_o king_n some_o hope_n to_o give_v he_o satisfaction_n about_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n 6._o an._n 1641._o the_o king_n send_v antony_n rincot_n a_o spaniard_n that_o have_v take_v sanctuary_n in_o france_n to_o the_o turk_n and_o caesar_n fregosa_n to_o the_o venetian_n both_o be_v slay_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o po_n go_v to_o venice_n by_o boat_n this_o murder_n be_v do_v by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o marquis_n du_fw-fr guast_o governor_n of_o milan_n who_o hope_v thereby_o to_o get_v their_o paper_n and_o instruction_n but_o they_o have_v be_v send_v to_o venice_n another_o way_n the_o marquis_n be_v accuse_v and_o convict_v of_o the_o fact_n by_o those_o that_o execute_v it_o who_o be_v take_v at_o venice_n upon_o this_o the_o king_n break_v the_o truce_n of_o ten_o year_n the_o dolphin_n who_o be_v since_o henry_n the_o two_o fall_v upon_o the_o roussillon_n besiege_v perpignan_n but_o be_v repulse_v with_o loss_n charles_n duke_n of_o orleans_n seize_v upon_o lutzenburg_n the_o emperor_n on_o the_o other_o side_n make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n enters_z picardy_n besiege_v landrecy_n but_o francis_n relieve_v it_o and_o drive_v the_o emperor_n from_o the_o siege_n barbarossa_n the_o turk_n come_v by_o sea_n to_o the_o king_n help_n take_v the_o town_n of_o nice_a waste_v those_o coast_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n go_v away_o have_v do_v little_a good_a to_o the_o french_a and_o ill_o satisfy_v of_o they_o have_v give_v a_o great_a matter_n of_o obloquy_n against_o francis_n to_o the_o christian_a prince_n in_o piedmont_n after_o many_o exploit_n on_o both_o side_n the_o famous_a battle_n of_o cerisoles_n be_v fight_v a_o 1544._o and_o win_v by_o the_o french_a the_o french_a general_n be_v the_o duke_n of_o anguien_v the_o spaniard_n the_o marquis_n du_fw-fr guast_o at_o this_o time_n ferdinand_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n brother_z to_z charles_n the_o emperor_n be_v sore_o press_v by_o the_o turk_n in_o hungary_n send_v a_o dominican_n friar_n his_o confessor_n to_o charles_n to_o exhort_v he_o to_o peace_n charles_n be_v persuade_v to_o it_o and_o francis_n also_o their_o deputy_n meet_v at_o st._n john_n des_fw-fr vignes_n in_o the_o suburb_n of_o soissons_fw-fr and_o begin_v a_o treaty_n which_o soon_o after_o be_v conclude_v at_o crespy_n in_o valois_n of_o which_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a condition_n that_o charles_n duke_n of_o orleans_n the_o king_n second_o son_n shall_v marry_v the_o emperor_n daughter_n or_o that_o of_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o the_o emperor_n choice_n within_o six_o year_n and_o for_o her_o portion_n that_o the_o emperor_n shall_v invest_v the_o say_a duke_n with_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n or_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n or_o charolois_n or_o french_a county_n at_o the_o emperor_n choice_n likewise_o and_o that_o upon_o his_o investiture_n with_o one_o of_o these_o the_o king_n shall_v renounce_v all_o his_o claim_n to_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n that_o till_o there_o be_v child_n bear_v by_o that_o marriage_n if_o the_o emperor_n have_v before_o assign_v the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n for_o the_o lady_n portion_n he_o shall_v retain_v in_o his_o power_n the_o castle_n of_o milan_n and_o cremona_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v restore_v to_o charles_n duke_n of_o savoy_n all_o that_o he_o have_v take_v from_o he_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o alps_n yet_o that_o he_o may_v retain_v the_o citadel_n as_o long_o as_o the_o emperor_n keep_v the_o castle_n of_o milan_n and_o cremona_n that_o both_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o king_n shall_v restore_v all_o that_o they_o have_v take_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o since_o the_o truce_n make_v at_o nice_a by_o the_o pope_n mediation_n this_o treaty_n bear_v date_n of_o octob._n 18._o 1544._o and_o be_v execute_v but_o the_o king_n restore_v many_o more_o place_n than_o the_o emperor_n paragraphe_n vi_o from_o the_o treaty_n of_o crespy_n 1544_o to_o that_o of_o chasteau_fw-fr en_fw-fr cambresis_n a_o 1559._o francis_n outlive_v three_o year_n the_o treaty_n of_o crespy_n all_o which_o time_n he_o have_v no_o war_n with_o charles_n who_o have_v retire_v himself_o to_o bruxelles_n francis_n be_v dead_a his_o son_n henry_n the_o ii_o succeed_v he_o who_o also_o have_v no_o war_n with_o the_o emperor_n till_o the_o year_n 1550._o two_o accident_n make_v the_o old_a jealousy_n to_o break_v into_o open_a war._n 1._o the_o pope_n paul_n the_o iii_o have_v invest_v his_o bastard_n peter_n lewis_n farnesio_n with_o the_o town_n of_o parma_n and_o placentia_n which_o the_o emperor_n have_v yield_v to_o the_o church_n upon_o the_o claim_n of_o leo_n the_o x._o without_o much_o examine_v the_o pope_n right_a only_o because_o it_o have_v be_v so_o covenant_v when_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o emperor_n unite_v themselves_o to_o expel_v the_o french_a out_o of_o italy_n a_o 1521._o that_o investiture_n trouble_v charles_n afterward_o who_o pretend_v either_o that_o these_o town_n shall_v remain_v unite_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o church_n or_o that_o in_o case_n of_o alienation_n they_o shall_v return_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n now_o this_o peter_n lewis_n farnesio_n have_v make_v himself_o odious_a to_o his_o subject_n by_o his_o cruelty_n and_o impudicity_fw-la be_v slay_v by_o the_o people_n of_o placentia_n who_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o emperor_n protection_n at_o the_o same_o time_n paul_n the_o iii_o be_v dead_a jules_n the_o iii_o that_o succeed_v he_o maintain_v at_o the_o first_o octavio_n son_n to_o peter_n lewis_n in_o the_o investiture_n of_o parma_n and_o placentia_n but_o soon_o

enclose_v within_o the_o ocean_n the_o med_n terranean_a sea_n and_o the_o pyrenean_n hill_n under_o several_a name_n of_o kingdom_n as_o we_o shall_v say_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n and_o these_o distinguish_v into_o three_o general_a jurisdiction_n of_o castilia_n arragon_n and_o portugal_n it_o be_v true_a that_o since_o the_o late_a war_n the_o revolt_n of_o portugal_n and_o catalonia_n have_v clip_v so_o much_o of_o his_o domtnion_n and_o the_o french_a have_v take_v from_o he_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n 2._o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o spain_n he_o possess_v the_o two_o baleares_n mallorca_n and_o minorca_n and_o the_o two_o land_n in_o old_a time_n call_v ophiusae_n now_o ivica_fw-la and_o fromentera_n 3._o in_o italy_n he_o have_v all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n which_o be_v almost_o the_o half_a of_o it_o and_o the_o most_o easterly_a part_n from_o cajeta_n or_o fondi_n to_o the_o golph_n of_o tarento_n and_o the_o straight_a of_o messina_n 4._o in_o the_o same_o italy_n he_o have_v the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n with_o the_o territory_n of_o pavia_n tortona_n cremona_n etc._n etc._n 5._o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o tuscan_a sea_n he_o have_v final_a piombino_n porto_n hercule_n and_o orbitello_n of_o late_o the_o prince_n of_o monaco_n have_v shake_v off_o his_o yoke_n in_o toscana_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o florence_n do_v he_o homage_n for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o sienna_n and_o owe_v he_o service_n 6._o in_o that_o sea_n about_o italy_n he_o have_v the_o isle_n of_o sardima_n and_o sicily_n and_o be_v sovereign_a of_o the_o isle_n of_o malta_n which_o the_o old_a geographer_n reckon_v among_o the_o african_a land_n the_o great_a master_n of_o that_o island_n owe_v he_o some_o homage_n for_o it_o 7._o in_o the_o celtique_a gaul_n he_o have_v the_o franche_fw-mi county_n or_o the_o county_n of_o burgundy_n and_o in_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n he_o have_v the_o county_n of_o charrolois_n 8._o in_o the_o belgic_a gaul_n he_o have_v possess_v till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o last_o age_n all_o that_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o seventeen_o province_n he_o keep_v to_o this_o day_n the_o dutchy_n of_o luxemburg_n &_o limburg_n the_o duchy_n of_o brabant_n but_o pare_v about_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o maestritcht_a the_o bose_n breda_n and_o bergupzom_n part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n the_o county_n of_o namur_n hainant_n artois_n and_o flanders_n all_o maim_a with_o the_o loss_n of_o some_o limb_n by_o our_o late_a war_n also_o the_o marquisat_n of_o the_o holy_a empire_n which_o be_v antwerp_n and_o the_o principality_n of_o mechlen_n the_o remnant_n of_o these_o seventeen_o province_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n beside_o that_o which_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v take_v in_o all_o that_o large_a extent_n of_o land_n the_o spaniard_n suffer_v the_o exercise_n of_o no_o religion_n but_o the_o roman_a though_o he_o go_v for_o a_o great_a sovereign_n yet_o many_o of_o his_o land_n depend_v from_o ooth_a prince_n the_o see_v of_o rome_n have_v great_a pretence_n upon_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o arragon_n heacknowledgerh_n without_o contradiction_n the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o church_n over_o his_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n yet_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o he_o owe_v the_o same_o homage_n for_o sicily_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o other_o land_n which_o he_o hold_v in_o italy_n he_o must_v acknowledge_v the_o empire_n from_o which_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o investiture_n of_o the_o same_o franche_fw-mi county_n be_v a_o imperial_a fee_n as_o also_o the_o province_n of_o netherlands_n not_o depend_v of_o france_n do_v owe_v homage_n to_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1608._o when_v the_o truce_n be_v make_v between_o spain_n and_o holland_n these_o two_o state_n dispute_v of_o their_o sovereignty_n in_o the_o first_o article_n the_o emperor_n rodolphus_n frame_v a_o opposition_n against_o that_o article_n and_o claim_v the_o sovereignty_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o treaty_n pass_v without_o any_o reflection_n to_o that_o claim_n final_o although_o the_o spaniard_n acknowledge_v our_o king_n no_o more_o neither_o for_o flanders_n nor_o for_o artois_n it_o be_v not_o well_o resolve_v yet_o by_o what_o right_a he_o have_v shake_v off_o the_o yoke_n and_o the_o french_a pretend_v that_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n cambray_n and_o crespy_n in_o valois_n which_o contain_v that_o session_n have_v not_o be_v authorize_v by_o the_o general_a state_n of_o france_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v possessor_n of_o such_o a_o great_a extent_n of_o land_n be_v a_o neighbour_n to_o most_o of_o the_o christian_a prince_n as_o will_v be_v show_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o second_o chapter_n and_o have_v always_o some_o difference_n with_o they_o the_o now_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v philip_n the_o iv_o of_o the_o roman_a religion_n paragraphe_n iii_o here_o we_o will_v look_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o state_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o old_a galley_n narbonensis_n aquitanica_fw-la celtica_n and_o belgica_n yet_o do_v he_o not_o possess_v they_o all_o the_o whole_a narbonensis_n belong_v to_o he_o except_v avignon_n nice_n savoy_n geneva_n and_o orange_n the_o whole_a aquitanica_fw-la be_v his_o since_o the_o small_a principality_n of_o bearn_n which_o with_o small_a reason_n have_v be_v pretend_v to_o be_v sovereign_a in_o her_o right_n and_o custom_n have_v be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o begin_v to_o have_v the_o same_o prince_n by_o the_o come_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o to_o the_o crown_n the_o whole_a celtica_n belong_v likewise_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n except_v only_o the_o french_a county_n and_o the_o imperial_a town_n of_o besancon_n of_o the_o belgica_n the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v the_o least_o part_n the_o i_o will_v of_o france_n pays_n de_fw-fr caux_n boulonnois_n picardi_n beauvoisis_a champagne_n brie_n and_o by_o good_a or_o bad_a title_n the_o town_n of_o mets_n thoul_n and_o verdun_n of_o which_o in_o the_o first_o invasion_n he_o declare_v himself_o protector_n only_a by_o the_o late_a war_n he_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o most_o part_n of_o lorraine_n of_o the_o town_n of_o brisach_n and_o of_o other_o town_n of_o alsatia_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v common_o roman_a catholic_n yet_o protestant_n be_v tolerate_v in_o the_o state_n the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v neighbour_a upon_o spain_n by_o the_o pyrenean_n hill_n on_o that_o side_n the_o french_a and_o the_o spaniard_n have_v not_o much_o trouble_a one_o another_o but_o of_o late_a year_n in_o which_o the_o french_a have_v unfortunate_o attempt_v spain_n about_o fontarabie_n but_o fortunate_o about_o roussillon_n and_o catalonia_n but_o about_o the_o low_a country_n and_o franche_n county_n which_o lie_v open_a to_o both_o the_o nation_n there_o have_v be_v much_o stir_n and_o action_n on_o the_o side_n of_o provence_n and_o dauphin_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n be_v neighbour_n to_o france_n for_o savoy_n and_o piedmont_n join_v to_o the_o foresay_a province_n the_o county_n of_o avignon_n belong_v to_o the_o pope_n be_v enclose_v within_o provence_n by_o dauphin_n the_o french_a touch_n the_o commonwealth_n of_o geneva_n by_o the_o country_n of_o bresse_n and_o the_o bailliage_n of_o gez_n and_o verromey_n they_o enter_v within_o switzerland_n into_o the_o canton_n of_o berne_n by_o champagne_n they_o have_v the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n for_o their_o neighbour_n but_o now_o they_o be_v possess_v of_o his_o country_n so_o all_o their_o neighbour_n be_v weak_a the_o king_n of_o spain_n except_v the_o present_a king_n of_o france_n be_v lewis_n the_o fourteen_o of_o the_o roman_a profession_n paragraphe_n iu._n in_o this_o paragraphewe_n will_v set_v down_o all_o the_o prince_n contain_v within_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n beside_o the_o king_n of_o france_n 1._o in_o gallia_n narbonensis_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n hold_v the_o duchy_n of_o savoy_n the_o country_n of_o chablais_n and_o tarantaise_n and_o the_o town_n of_o chambery_n and_o upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n near_o the_o river_n of_o var_n the_o town_n and_o county_n of_o nice_a which_o be_v sometime_o a_o member_n of_o provence_n and_o be_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o var_n it_o be_v partly_o in_o france_n partly_o in_o italy_n 2._o the_o pope_n hold_v the_o county_n of_o venaissyn_n or_o avignon_n a_o ancient_a member_n of_o provence_n with_o the_o four_o bishopric_n belong_v to_o it_o avignon_n carpentras_n cavaillon_n and_o vezon_n there_o also_o be_v orange_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n of_o nassau_n 3._o the_o city_n of_o geneva_n with_o her_o territory_n make_v herself_o a_o sovereign_a commonwealth_n about_o the_o year_n 1535._o when_v the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n the_o bishop_n of_o geneva_n and_o the_o city_n be_v in_o

inhabit_v they_o know_v more_o than_o this_o author_n and_o therefore_o leave_v that_o little_a which_o he_o say_v of_o they_o paragraphe_n xii_o be_v now_o come_v to_o the_o west_n we_o meet_v with_o the_o most_o considerable_a piece_n of_o europe_n which_o be_v the_o empire_n of_o germany_n the_o empire_n begin_v by_o julius_n caesar_n but_o found_v by_o augustus_n possess_v all_o the_o know_a country_n of_o the_o west_n but_o be_v great_o diminish_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 400._o for_o then_o by_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o goth_n ostrogoth_n alan_n huns_n herule_v vandal_n frankes_n and_o other_o many_o state_n be_v found_v and_o final_o the_o empire_n cease_v in_o the_o west_n altogether_o in_o the_o year_n 445._o by_o the_o death_n of_o augustulus_n and_o the_o whole_a empire_n of_o the_o west_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o state_n in_o the_o year_n 800._o the_o empire_n of_o the_o west_n begin_v afresh_o in_o the_o person_n of_o charlemaigne_n who_o under_o that_o name_n possess_v all_o the_o gaul_n part_n of_o spain_n almost_o all_o italy_n the_o great_a germany_n hungary_n slavonia_n part_n of_o poland_n and_o denmark_n and_o other_o northern_a country_n but_o his_o posterity_n have_v degenerate_v that_o empire_n go_v from_o his_o family_n about_o the_o year_n 912._o and_o after_o a_o long_a dispute_n about_o it_o between_o the_o italian_a and_o german_a prince_n oath_n duke_n of_o saxony_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o and_o from_o that_o time_n that_o which_o remain_v of_o the_o empire_n have_v continue_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o german_a prince_n that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o empire_n at_o this_o day_n have_v more_o shadow_n than_o substance_n i_o call_v a_o shadow_n all_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o emperor_n out_o of_o germany_n which_o be_v wear_v out_o with_o age_n and_o lose_v or_o remain_v with_o small_a vigour_n as_o the_o pretence_n of_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n and_o the_o low-countries_n savoy_n franche_n county_n besancon_n and_o the_o like_a in_o germany_n he_o have_v some_o real_a and_o effective_a power_n germany_n at_o this_o time_n comprehend_v all_o that_o country_n between_o the_o border_n of_o hungary_n and_o poland_n on_o the_o east_n the_o baltique_a sea_n and_o denmark_n on_o the_o north_n the_o germanic_a sea_n and_o france_n on_o the_o west_n and_o the_o river_n of_o rhine_n and_o the_o alps_n on_o the_o south_n neither_o be_v the_o emperor_n absolute_a every_o where_n or_o in_o the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o large_a space_n for_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o ten_o circle_n or_o great_a province_n which_o have_v a_o proper_a right_a to_o assemble_v themselves_o to_o look_v to_o their_o own_o business_n and_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o general_a diet_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o circle_n there_o be_v many_o free_a city_n and_o many_o secular_a and_o ecclesiastical_a prince_n the_o chief_a be_v the_o seven_o electour_n three_o ecclesiastical_a the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n collen_n and_o treve_n four_o secular_a the_o count_n palatine_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o the_o marquesse_n of_o brandenhurg_n and_o next_o to_o these_o the_o duke_n of_o banteres_n the_o duke_n of_o wirtenberg_n luneburg_n mechelburg_n brunswick_n the_o landgrave_n of_o hesse_n and_o many_o other_o but_o above_o all_o these_o house_n that_o of_o austria_n be_v considerable_a of_o which_o we_o must_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n for_o beside_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n by_o election_n now_o continue_v in_o their_o family_n for_o many_o descent_n they_o possess_v their_o ancient_a patrimony_n austria_n stiria_n carinthia_n carnia_n tirolis_n elzas_n they_o hold_v also_o bohemia_n and_o that_o little_a part_n of_o hungary_n which_o remain_v unto_o the_o christian_n all_o germany_n be_v divide_v between_o papist_n lutheran_n and_o calvinist_n these_o three_o and_o the_o mahometan_a and_o the_o greek_a religion_n be_v the_o principal_a religion_n know_v in_o europe_n chap._n ii_o by_o what_o degree_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v come_v to_o those_o great_a estate_n which_o it_o possess_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o among_o the_o christian_a prince_n the_o two_o most_o considerable_a family_n be_v those_o of_o france_n and_o austria_n and_o although_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o house_n of_o france_n have_v all_o the_o prerogative_n of_o antiquity_n nobility_n and_o glory_n above_o the_o other_o yet_o that_o of_o austria_n be_v more_o powerful_a for_o extent_n of_o land_n and_o multitude_n of_o people_n and_o be_v invest_v with_o a_o more_o eminent_a quality_n which_o be_v the_o empire_n but_o because_o they_o hold_v it_o only_o by_o election_n they_o have_v that_o pre-eminence_n but_o for_o a_o time_n so_o that_o the_o family_n of_o austria_n from_o a_o sovereign_n may_v become_v a_o subject_a which_o can_v never_o happen_v to_o the_o sovereign_n by_o succession_n but_o by_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o state_n now_o because_o these_o two_o family_n draw_v to_o their_o motion_n the_o most_o part_n of_o our_o christian_a western_a world_n and_o that_o since_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n have_v take_v a_o stupendous_a growth_n it_o will_v be_v to_o good_a purpose_n to_o examine_v in_o this_o chapter_n her_o birth_n progress_n and_o greatness_n for_o we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o greatness_n of_o france_n which_o be_v a_o ground_a monarchy_n of_o twelve_o hundred_o year_n stand_v but_o it_o be_v but_o of_o late_a that_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n dare_v claim_v equality_n with_o the_o house_n of_o france_n paragraphe_n i._n yet_o so_o much_o we_o will_v say_v of_o the_o house_n of_o france_n 1._o it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v erect_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o the_o year_n 419._o pharamont_n be_v elect_v king_n by_o the_o frankes_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n in_o the_o country_n of_o sicambria_n which_o be_v guelderland_n uretcht_v friesland_n and_o other_o country_n thereabouts_o but_o neither_o he_o nor_o his_o son_n clodion_n the_o chevelu_n pass_v ever_o into_o france_n for_o any_o thing_n that_o we_o read_v but_o send_v forth_o their_o army_n to_o conquer_v it_o merovee_n the_o three_o king_n be_v the_o first_o that_o come_v to_o paris_n and_o take_v it_o and_o settle_a himself_o with_o the_o frankes_n in_o gaul_n from_o he_o be_v the_o first_o race_n of_o french_a king_n denominate_v and_o call_v the_o race_n of_o the_o merovingian_o 2._o clovis_n the_o five_o king_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 500_o and_o bring_v the_o french_a state_n to_o great_a splendour_n by_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o roman_n near_a soissons_fw-fr laon_n and_o reins_o by_o the_o conquest_n of_o gaul_n aquitanique_n and_o by_o the_o defeat_n of_o alaric_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o goth_n the_o son_n of_o that_o clovis_n about_o the_o year_n 527._o conquer_v the_o state_n of_o the_o burgundian_n or_o bourgognon_n so_o that_o race_n of_o the_o merovingian_o about_o the_o year_n of_o 530._o be_v possess_v of_o all_o the_o gaul_n yet_o divide_v into_o tetrarchy_n by_o the_o child_n of_o clovis_n and_o again_o by_o their_o descent_n that_o race_n with_o the_o gaul_n hold_v great_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o have_v do_v great_a service_n to_o the_o church_n and_o protect_v desolate_a pope_n get_v from_o they_o the_o name_n of_o most_o christian_n &_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o church_n when_o that_o title_n be_v give_v they_o we_o can_v precise_o tell_v yet_o saint_n gregory_n who_o live_v in_o the_o year_n 600._o say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v as_o eminent_a above_o other_o king_n as_o every_o king_n be_v above_o his_o subject_n that_o first_o race_n keep_v long_o the_o fierceness_n of_o german-barbarousnesse_n and_o about_o the_o year_n 650._o after_o the_o death_n of_o dagobert_n they_o degenerate_v to_o idleness_n and_o so_o continue_v for_o a_o hundred_o year_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o mayres_z of_o the_o palace_n to_o encroach_v upon_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n among_o who_o charles_n martel_n be_v most_o eminent_a who_o have_v defeat_v the_o sarrasin_n near_o tours_n and_o kill_v three_o hundred_o threescore_o and_o six_o thousand_o man_n and_o relieve_v the_o pope_n against_o the_o lombard_n raise_v much_o the_o honour_n of_o france_n and_o his_o own_o but_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o first_o royal_a line_n which_o end_v in_o the_o degradation_n of_o the_o unfortunate_a chilperic_n in_o the_o year_n 752._o have_v subsist_v 333_o year_n 5._o the_o second_o race_n much_o more_o illustrious_a than_o the_o first_o begin_v in_o the_o person_n of_o pippin_n son_n to_o that_o charles_n martel_n a_o valorous_a &_o fortunate_a prince_n devout_o addict_v to_o the_o roman_a

and_o become_v duke_n and_o earl_n likewise_o the_o idleness_n of_o the_o successor_n of_o charlemain_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o confusion_n rise_v in_o germany_n after_o the_o extinction_n of_o that_o race_n give_v a_o beginning_n to_o so_o many_o fee_n both_o secular_a and_o ecclesiastical_a which_o be_v now_o in_o germany_n the_o governor_n have_v make_v themselves_o lord_n and_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o great_a house_n now_o in_o be_v which_o nevertheless_o have_v go_v through_o many_o change_n some_o family_n be_v extinct_a and_o some_o fee_n sell_v transport_v or_o confiscate_v among_o these_o family_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a and_o indeed_o the_o most_o remarkable_a at_o this_o time_n be_v that_o of_o austria_n 3._o the_o french_a king_n of_o the_o first_o race_n possess_v a_o kingdom_n of_o vast_a extent_n which_o they_o divide_v into_o ostrick_n and_o westrick_n ostrick_n which_o by_o corruption_n and_o french_a termination_n be_v call_v austrasie_a be_v the_o eastern_a part_n and_o comprehend_v the_o country_n towards_o the_o river_n msa_n and_o beyond_o the_o rhine_n and_o as_o far_o as_o hungary_n westrick_n which_o by_o corruption_n be_v call_v neustria_n comprehend_v the_o western_a part_n from_o mosa_n towards_o britain_n these_o name_n be_v long_o preserve_v even_o to_o the_o age_n of_o charlemain_n and_o be_v lose_v by_o the_o new_a partage_n between_o the_o child_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a yet_o the_o name_n of_o neustria_n stick_v long_o to_o the_o western_a part_n which_o be_v now_o call_v normandy_n for_o britain_n be_v a_o state_n by_o itself_o the_o name_n of_o ostrick_n be_v lose_v by_o the_o same_o partage_n remain_v nevertheless_o to_o the_o most_o eastern_a part_n and_o the_o next_o to_o hungary_n and_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v austria_n a_o word_n corrupt_v from_o ostrick_n and_o ostenrick_n and_o be_v that_o province_n seat_v upon_o danubius_n where_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o vienna_n stand_v 4._o in_o that_o country_n otho_n the_o iii_o about_o the_o year_n 1000_o establish_v leopold_n a_o marquis_n that_o be_v a_o keeper_n of_o those_o march_n against_o the_o ordinary_a excursion_n of_o the_o hungarian_n that_o leopold_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o first_o house_n of_o marquess_n since_o duke_n of_o austria_n which_o continue_v till_o a_o certain_a friderick_n who_o go_v to_o the_o war_n of_o naples_n against_o charles_n brother_n of_o st._n lewis_n and_o be_v take_v with_o conradin_n a_o competitor_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v behead_v with_o he_o by_o his_o death_n without_o child_n austria_n return_v to_o the_o empire_n but_o wenceslaus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n seek_v to_o join_v it_o to_o his_o state_n and_o send_v thither_o his_o son_n ottocarus_n who_o have_v conspire_v against_o the_o empire_n with_o the_o hungarian_n be_v degrade_v and_o put_v to_o death_n by_o the_o emperor_n rudolphus_n of_o who_o we_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v 5._o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n friderick_n the_o second_o the_o great_a enemy_n of_o pope_n which_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1231._o the_o faction_n be_v so_o great_a about_o a_o new_a election_n that_o there_o be_v a_o anarchy_n of_o twenty_o year_n and_o above_o under_o these_o titular_a emperor_n william_n earl_n of_o holland_n richard_z of_o england_n and_o alphonsus_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o end_n after_o many_o assembly_n and_o contention_n the_o elector_n give_v their_o vote_n to_o rudolphus_n earl_n of_o habsburg_n who_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o whole_a empire_n that_o election_n be_v in_o the_o year_n 1255._o five_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o st._n lewis_n philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n then_o reign_v in_o france_n 6._o between_o basel_n and_o soleurre_n canton_n of_o switzerland_n there_o be_v triestein_n castle_n the_o lord_n whereof_o have_v the_o title_n of_o count_n and_o by_o the_o woman_n inherit_v the_o county_n of_o habsburg_n and_o take_v the_o title_n of_o the_o same_o of_o that_o house_n be_v this_o rodolphus_n before_o who_o there_o be_v no_o certainty_n of_o the_o history_n of_o their_o house_n who_o by_o his_o virtue_n be_v elect_v emperor_n an._n 1275._o and_o dye_v in_o the_o 1291._o the_o duchy_n of_o austria_n be_v then_o vacant_a and_o ottocarus_n the_o bohemian_a have_v invade_v it_o and_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o hungarian_n against_o the_o empire_n rodolphus_n divest_v he_o of_o it_o and_o slay_v he_o and_o an._n 1282._o invest_v his_o son_n albert_n in_o the_o same_o in_o that_o albert_n we_o must_v take_v the_o birth_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o although_o that_o albert_n be_v also_o emperor_n from_o the_o year_n 1298._o till_o 1308_o yet_o his_o descent_n return_v not_o to_o that_o quality_n but_o 130._o year_n after_o and_o go_v for_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o other_o imperial_a family_n only_o in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n john_n 22._o there_o be_v a_o great_a contention_n for_o the_o empire_n between_o friderick_n of_o austria_n and_o lewis_n of_o bavieres_n the_o whole_a pedigree_n of_o that_o house_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o table_n of_o bertius_fw-la from_o the_o creation_n of_o rudolphus_n of_o habsburg_n an._n 1275._o to_o the_o year_n 1438._o when_v the_o empire_n enter_v so_o into_o that_o house_n that_o it_o do_v not_o come_v out_o since_o paragraphe_n iii_o so_o much_o be_v know_v then_o that_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n by_o the_o death_n of_o albert_n the_o first_o lose_v the_o empire_n and_o fall_v back_o into_o the_o state_n of_o a_o private_a principality_n and_o that_o less_o considerable_a than_o the_o house_n of_o saxony_n bavieres_n and_o luxemburg_n which_o furnish_v many_o emperor_n and_o so_o it_o continue_v till_o the_o emperor_n albert_n the_o ii_o sigismond_n the_o emperor_n of_o the_o house_n of_o luxemburg_n be_v son_n to_o charles_n the_o iv_o emperor_n and_o grandchild_n to_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o that_o charles_n the_o iv_o be_v he_o that_o make_v the_o golden_a bull_n and_o establish_v a_o certain_a form_n of_o imperial_a election_n this_o charles_n be_v grandchild_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o vii_o head_n of_o the_o house_n of_o luxemburg_n sigismond_n have_v no_o male_a issue_n and_o give_v his_o only_a daughter_n elizabeth_n to_o albert_n of_o austria_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n in_o law_n be_v elect_v emperor_n an._n 1438._o and_o this_o house_n have_v ever_o since_o keep_v the_o empire_n from_o that_o year_n these_o emperor_n reign_v albert_n the_o ii_o who_o reign_v two_o year_n friderick_n the_o iii_o his_o cousin_n who_o reign_v 53_o year_n maximilian_n son_n of_o friderick_n who_o reign_v 26_o year_n charles_n the_o v._o who_o reign_v 36_o year_n ferdinand_n i._o brother_n to_o charles_n who_o reign_v 9_o year_n maximilian_n son_n of_o ferdinand_n who_o reign_v 12_o year_n rodolphus_n ii_o son_n of_o maximilian_n who_o reign_v 36_o year_n mathias_n brother_n to_o adolphus_n who_o reign_v 7_o year_n ferdinand_n ii_o cousin_n to_o the_o two_o precedent_a emperor_n who_o reign_v 19_o year_n to_o he_o succeed_v his_o son_n ferdinand_n iii_o who_o be_v the_o ten_o of_o that_o house_n from_o the_o year_n 1438._o to_o which_o if_o you_o add_v the_o three_o of_o ancient_a date_n there_o have_v be_v thirteen_o emperor_n of_o the_o house_n and_o name_n of_o austria_n that_o house_n may_v be_v consider_v either_o in_o her_o patrimonial_a estate_n which_o she_o hold_v in_o germany_n before_o her_o greatness_n or_o in_o her_o great_a rise_n which_o spring_v out_o of_o three_o head_n 1._o the_o marriage_n of_o maximilian_n with_o mary_n the_o inheritrix_n of_o the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o netherlands_o franche_fw-mi county_n and_o the_o good_n not_o masculine_a of_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n 2._o the_o marriage_n of_o philip_n son_n of_o maximilian_n and_o mary_n of_o burgundy_n with_o jane_n the_o inheritrix_n of_o spain_n and_o by_o consequent_a of_o sicily_n naples_n and_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o soon_o after_o of_o portugal_n and_o the_o east_n indies_n 3._o the_o marriage_n of_o ferdinand_n brother_z to_z charles_n the_o v._o with_o anne_n the_o inheritrix_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n and_o hungaria_n the_o great_a estate_n of_o that_o house_n be_v accrue_v to_o they_o by_o these_o way_n we_o will_v speak_v here_o of_o the_o patrimonial_a dominion_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n reserve_v the_o rest_n for_o the_o follow_a paragraphes_n the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n whole_o seat_v in_o germany_n and_o upon_o the_o river_n danubius_n have_v on_o the_o south_n the_o mountain_n of_o tirolis_n and_o towards_o the_o rhine_n alsatia_n bound_v eastward_o with_o hungary_n and_o poland_n southward_o by_o the_o venetian_n westward_o by_o the_o swisser_n and_o northward_o by_o many_o prince_n of_o germany_n that_o estate_n be_v compose_v with_o many_o piece_n which_o be_v

four_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v 1._o the_o roman_a empire_n which_o begin_v in_o julius_n caesar_n or_o augustus_n comprehend_v indeed_o all_o the_o west_n and_o herein_o the_o gaul_n that_o empire_n be_v make_v up_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o many_o nation_n by_o right_a or_o wrong_n howsoever_o long_a prescription_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n with_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n make_v up_o a_o reasonable_a right_n which_o continue_v in_o the_o roman_a emperor_n till_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 400_o when_o by_o the_o inundation_n of_o many_o northern_a nation_n goth_n vandal_n frank_n and_o other_o the_o whole_a empire_n be_v dismember_v and_o the_o several_a conqueror_n of_o each_o part_n make_v themselves_o sovereign_a so_o do_v the_o frank_n in_o gaul_n a_o beginning_n not_o to_o be_v excuse_v of_o violence_n and_o usurpation_n but_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_n prescription_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o conquer_a people_n do_v since_o authorise_v their_o dominion_n and_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o age_n of_o these_o invasion_n they_o be_v all_o justify_v and_o the_o conqueror_n remain_v just_a possessor_n especial_o when_o the_o roman_a empire_n end_v in_o augustulus_n an._n 475._o and_o when_o charlemain_n restore_v the_o western_a empire_n a_o 800._o that_o promotion_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o former_a title_n he_o have_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n it_o be_v but_o a_o title_n of_o honour_n which_o he_o and_o after_o he_o his_o son_n lewis_n the_o meek_a possess_v with_o that_o of_o king_n of_o france_n afterward_o by_o the_o partage_n make_v an._n 843._o between_o the_o son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a each_o of_o the_o three_o brother_n have_v his_o portion_n independent_a from_o the_o other_o and_o lothary_a the_o elder_a who_o have_v the_o title_n of_o emperor_n pretend_v no_o right_n over_o charles_n the_o bald_a who_o have_v france_n for_o his_o portion_n much_o as_o it_o be_v now_o since_o which_o time_n all_o that_o will_v ascribe_v any_o superiority_n to_o the_o emperor_n over_o the_o prince_n of_o christendom_n that_o be_v acknowledge_v sovereign_a have_v with_o good_a reason_n be_v hiss_v out_o as_o ridiculous_a only_o the_o precedence_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o emperor_n as_o the_o elder_a among_o the_o brethren_n but_o the_o subjection_n which_o he_o yield_v to_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o small_a right_n which_o he_o retain_v over_o the_o land_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n weaken_v his_o authority_n very_o much_o and_o make_v it_o unworthy_a of_o that_o precedence_n over_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o christendom_n wherefore_o he_o do_v not_o stir_v those_o ancient_a pretence_n over_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n 2._o some_o german_a historian_n as_o trithemius_n lazius_n munster_n fiesdorpius_n make_v the_o house_n of_o habsburg_n which_o be_v that_o of_o austria_n to_o descend_v from_o the_o first_o race_n of_o the_o french_a king_n a_o fable_n invent_v since_o 120._o year_n and_o new_o take_v up_o again_o by_o the_o flatterer_n of_o that_o house_n especial_o by_o fiesdorpius_n a_o name_n either_o true_a or_o forge_v by_o the_o spaniard_n to_o understand_v this_o we_o must_v know_v that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v often_o divide_v into_o tetrarchy_n under_o the_o first_o race_n king_n of_o paris_n of_o orleans_n of_o soissons_fw-fr and_o mets._n in_o the_o last_o of_o these_o brunehault_n reign_v with_o great_a power_n that_o abominable_a woman_n so_o much_o renown_v in_o our_o history_n which_o confound_v and_o destroy_v that_o house_n by_o her_o ordinary_a murder_n that_o state_n of_o mets_n be_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o two_o brother_n thierry_n and_o theodebert_n who_o contend_v for_o it_o therry_n join_v with_o his_o grandmother_n brunehault_n overcome_v theodebert_n in_o battle_n and_o put_v he_o cruel_o to_o death_n and_o by_o brunehault_n order_n the_o two_o son_n of_o theodebert_n be_v slay_v in_o her_o presence_n this_o tragedy_n be_v act_v an._n 617._o but_o these_o historian_n to_o flatter_v the_o house_n of_o austria_n say_v that_o of_o these_o two_o son_n of_o theodebert_n the_o one_o call_v sigebert_n escape_v the_o hand_n of_o his_o great_a grandmother_n and_o flee_v into_o germany_n to_o godfrey_n and_o genebald_a duke_n of_o franconie_n his_o uncle_n by_o the_o mother_n by_o who_o intercession_n he_o obtain_v of_o lothary_a king_n of_o france_n his_o cousin_n some_o land_n in_o switzerland_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v all_o his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n that_o he_o or_o his_o son_n or_o one_o of_o his_o more_o remote_a descent_n build_v the_o castle_n of_o habsburg_n and_o found_v that_o family_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n descend_v from_o that_o of_o france_n that_o relation_n be_v a_o blind_a tale_n for_o all_o ancient_a historian_n affirm_v that_o both_o the_o son_n of_o theodebert_n and_o he_o have_v no_o more_o be_v slay_v by_o brunehault_n and_o the_o first_o that_o mention_n that_o escape_v of_o sigebert_n be_v trithemius_n who_o live_v about_o six_o score_n year_n ago_o and_o as_o it_o be_v false_a it_o be_v ridiculous_a in_o the_o ordinary_a vicissitude_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o continual_a change_n of_o possession_n to_o set_v up_o title_n after_o a_o interruption_n of_o a_o thousand_o year_n for_o upon_o that_o account_n there_o be_v no_o prince_n in_o europe_n but_o may_v be_v degrade_v and_o no_o mean_a man_n but_o may_v be_v entitle_v to_o some_o principality_n it_o be_v with_o great_a reason_n that_o the_o title_n of_o prescription_n be_v every_o where_o prefer_v before_o all_o title_n and_o though_o the_o tale_n be_v a_o true_a story_n that_o rodolphus_n of_o habsburg_n the_o head_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o family_n of_o habsburg_n by_o the_o woman_n his_o masculine_a extraction_n be_v from_o the_o house_n of_o tiestein_n so_o this_o pretence_n be_v so_o ridiculous_a that_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a speak_n 3._o the_o branch_n of_o the_o house_n of_o valois_n have_v continue_v from_o male_a to_o male_a from_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n who_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n an._n 1328_o to_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o an._n 1589._o male_n fail_v in_o that_o branch_n the_o crown_n by_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v to_o pass_v to_o the_o next_o branch_n of_o the_o male_n which_o be_v that_o of_o bourbon_n and_o so_o do_v in_o the_o end_n a_o title_n so_o know_v to_o all_o the_o french_a that_o even_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o league_n against_o the_o honse_n of_o bourbon_n as_o profess_v a_o contrary_a religion_n yet_o they_o crown_v the_o cardinal_n of_o bourbon_n and_o call_v he_o charles_n the_o ten_o in_o these_o confusion_n philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n see_v the_o party_n of_o the_o league_n incline_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n claim_v the_o kingdom_n for_o his_o daughter_n clara_n eugenia_n isabel_n as_o daughter_n of_o elizabeth_n of_o france_n his_o three_o wife_n sister_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o three_o last_o king_n francis_z ii_o charles_n ix_o and_o henry_n iii_o and_o of_o francis_n duke_n of_o alenson_n the_o elder_a of_o three_o sister_n of_o which_o the_o second_o be_v claude_n marry_v to_o charles_n duke_n of_o lorraine_n and_o the_o three_o be_v queen_n margaret_n wife_z to_z henry_n the_o four_o then_o only_o titular_a king_n of_o navarra_n he_o allege_v then_o that_o representation_n be_v a_o good_a title_n by_o the_o law_n of_o france_n his_o daughter_n enter_v into_o all_o the_o right_n of_o her_o mother_n elizabeth_n which_o shall_v have_v inherit_v of_o her_o brother_n and_o that_o her_o right_n extend_v even_o to_o the_o crown_n as_o the_o patrimony_n of_o her_o family_n that_o the_o pretend_a salic_a law_n of_o the_o french_a be_v imaginary_a yea_o and_o against_o nature_n against_o humanity_n and_o the_o right_n of_o political_a succession_n which_o require_v that_o all_o inheritance_n may_v go_v to_o the_o next_o heir_n and_o though_o that_o law_n have_v force_n among_o the_o french_a that_o his_o daughter_n be_v not_o a_o subject_n nor_o bear_v in_o france_n can_v not_o be_v tie_v by_o these_o municipal_a law_n that_o between_o sovereign_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o nation_n shall_v be_v the_o rule_n that_o all_o law_n of_o nature_n reject_v this_o principle_n that_o the_o succession_n shall_v be_v for_o male_n only_o as_o though_o female_n be_v unreasonable_a creature_n or_o the_o excrement_n and_o sweep_n of_o mankind_n and_o no_o part_n of_o human_a society_n when_o the_o state_n of_o the_o league_n be_v assemble_v in_o paris_n an._n 1593._o some_o unadvised_a and_o rash_a head_n move_v the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n and_o the_o

of_o blanch_n which_o cause_v great_a trouble_n till_o st._n lewis_n to_o who_o castilia_n belong_v after_o his_o mother_n thus_o compose_v the_o difference_n ferdinand_n the_o usurper_n of_o castilia_n over_o blanch_n and_o st_n lewis_n be_v father_n of_o alphonsus_n the_o x._o king_n of_o castilia_n and_o leon_n against_o who_o st_n lewis_n have_v a_o action_n for_o castilia_n one_o of_o the_o two_o kingdom_n marry_v his_o daughter_n blanch_n granddaughter_n of_o blanch_n the_o inheritrice_n of_o castilia_n a_o 1267._o with_o ferdinand_n surname_v de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n elder_a son_n to_o that_o alphonsus_n the_o x._o by_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o s._n lewis_n yield_v all_o his_o right_n over_o castilia_n to_o his_o daughter_n blanch_n and_o her_o child_n after_o she_o upon_o which_o condition_n perform_v france_n lose_v her_o claim_n upon_o that_o kingdom_n but_o that_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n die_v before_o his_o father_n alphonsus_n and_o his_o young_a brother_n sanchez_n usurp_v the_o crown_n deprive_v his_o nephew_n son_n to_o ferdinand_n and_o blanch_n of_o their_o right_n from_o that_o usurper_n sanchez_n all_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n to_o this_o day_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o dispossess_v child_n of_o ferdinand_n and_o blanch_n of_o france_n be_v descend_v the_o house_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o medina_n coeli_fw-la who_o retain_v still_o the_o memory_n of_o that_o degradation_n and_o of_o their_o birthright_n over_o the_o family_n of_o sanchez_n make_v their_o protestation_n at_o every_o change_n of_o state_n that_o if_o the_o family_n now_o reign_v shall_v fail_v they_o may_v enter_v upon_o their_o right_n out_o of_o that_o discourse_n four_o thing_n do_v result_v for_o our_o purpose_n 1._o that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n king_n of_o castilia_n all_o the_o right_a of_o the_o kingdom_n belong_v to_o his_o sister_n blanch_n and_o after_o she_o to_o her_o son_n st_n lewis_n and_o that_o 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ferdinand_n and_o the_o poor_a prince_n child_n to_o ferdinand_n and_o blanch_n be_v disinherit_v and_o proscribe_v that_o session_n of_o st_n lewis_n become_v void_a by_o right_n and_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o french_a may_v be_v good_a if_o it_o be_v not_o somewhat_o too_o old_a 4._o at_o least_o all_o that_o right_n of_o st_n lewis_n remain_v with_o the_o descendant_n of_o ferdinand_n and_o blanch_n the_o duke_n of_o medina_n coeli_fw-la for_o they_o have_v double_a right_n the_o one_o from_o ferdinand_n as_o elder_a brother_n to_o sanchez_n the_o other_o from_o blanch_n to_o who_o her_o father_n st_n lewis_n have_v confer_v his_o right_n and_o if_o the_o house_n of_o medina_n coeli_fw-la will_v prosecute_v it_o they_o shall_v be_v well_o ground_v and_o the_o french_a king_n may_v defend_v their_o claim_n very_o just_o as_o their_o successor_n and_o fetch_v their_o right_n from_o they_o paragraphe_n ii_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n portugal_n a_o part_n of_o the_o old_a lusitania_n be_v one_o of_o the_o province_n of_o spain_n near_o the_o great_a ocean_n under_o gallicia_n between_o the_o river_n of_o duerno_n minio_n and_o tajo_n to_o which_o also_o belong_v a_o little_a state_n call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o algarba_n which_o be_v the_o point_n of_o the_o cap_n st_n vincent_n next_o to_o the_o isle_n of_o cadiz_n and_o the_o straight_a of_o gibraltar_n that_o country_n be_v waste_v and_o conquer_v by_o the_o saracen_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o spain_n by_o that_o great_a inundation_n of_o those_o barbarous_a nation_n a_o 713._o all_o the_o christian_a prince_n and_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n even_o after_o the_o time_n of_o charlemain_n and_o lewis_n the_o meek_a who_o be_v there_o in_o person_n very_o willing_o go_v to_o make_v war_n in_o spain_n against_o these_o saracen_n moores_n especial_o a_o 1090._o a_o little_a before_o the_o enterprise_n of_o the_o holy_a war_n philip_n the_o i._o reign_v in_o france_n &_o alphonsus_n the_o viii_o in_o spain_n many_o prince_n and_o nobleman_n confederate_v themselves_o and_o go_v into_o spain_n against_o they_o the_o most_o eminent_a be_v henry_n of_o the_o first_o royal_a house_n of_o burgundy_n for_o although_o there_o have_v be_v much_o dispute_n about_o his_o origine_fw-la now_o all_o historian_n acknowledge_v that_o he_o be_v grandchild_n to_o robert_n brother_z to_z king_n henry_n the_o i_o who_o have_v burgundy_n give_v he_o for_o his_o apanage_n this_o henry_n of_o burgundy_n have_v do_v great_a exploit_n against_o the_o moor_n marry_v teresa_n natural_a daughter_n of_o alphonsus_n who_o give_v she_o for_o her_o portion_n the_o town_n of_o coimbra_n braga_n and_o other_o in_o portugal_n with_o force_n to_o conquer_v the_o rest_n of_o which_o he_o quit_v himself_o so_o well_o that_o he_o expel_v the_o infidel_n from_o great_a part_n of_o portugal_n of_o which_o he_o be_v call_v comes_n or_o count_n and_o no_o other_o title_n do_v he_o bear_v all_o his_o life_n time_n he_o die_v a_o 1112._o and_o leave_v a_o son_n name_v alphonsus_n who_o take_v lisbon_n and_o much_o country_n beside_o and_o be_v call_v the_o first_o king_n of_o portugal_n a_o 1139._o from_o that_o alphonsus_n be_v descend_v the_o whole_a house_n of_o portugal_n till_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n the_o cardinal_n king_n an_z 1580._o at_o which_o time_n portugal_n be_v unite_v with_o spain_n the_o great_a difficulty_n about_o the_o succession_n of_o that_o kingdom_n whether_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o house_n of_o spain_n or_o to_o that_o of_o braganza_n or_o to_o that_o of_o parma_n be_v nothing_o to_o this_o purpose_n it_o have_v weary_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a politician_n for_o threescore_o year_n and_o final_o have_v end_v in_o a_o general_a revolt_n of_o portugal_n and_o a_o bloody_a war._n certain_o although_o such_o as_o be_v most_o jealous_a of_o the_o growth_n of_o spain_n will_v vote_n for_o the_o house_n of_o braganza_n and_o that_o of_o parma_n the_o question_n be_v not_o without_o difficulty_n but_o france_n have_v a_o further_a pretence_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n for_o which_o we_o must_v remount_v high_o alphonsus_n the_o two_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v two_o son_n sanchez_n the_o two_o surname_v capel_n and_o alphonsus_n sanchez_n reign_v after_o his_o father_n but_o with_o small_a vigour_n and_o be_v despise_v by_o his_o subject_n alphonsus_n live_v then_o in_o the_o court_n of_o st_n lewis_n where_o he_o receive_v much_o honour_n as_o be_v his_o kinsman_n by_o blanch_n of_o castilia_n the_o king_n mother_n by_o his_o mean_n he_o marry_v mahaut_n of_o dampmartin_n widow_n to_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n an_z 1235._o and_o by_o she_o have_v child_n the_o people_n of_o portugal_n weary_a of_o their_o king_n sanchez_n desire_a alphonsus_n to_o come_v home_o and_o take_v the_o tuition_n of_o the_o state_n which_o he_o do_v leave_v his_o wife_n mahaut_n in_o france_n and_o his_o brother_n be_v degrade_v and_o himself_o make_v king_n he_o forget_v his_o wife_n and_o child_n in_o france_n and_o marry_v beatrix_n natural_a daughter_n of_o alphonsus_n the_o ix_o king_n of_o castilia_n who_o give_v she_o for_o her_o portion_n the_o kingdom_n of_o algarba_n because_o his_o first_o wife_n be_v live_v that_o 2_o marriage_n be_v account_v unlawful_a yea_o alphonsus_n be_v excommunicate_v for_o it_o by_o pope_n alexander_n the_o iv_o and_o hate_v by_o all_o the_o prince_n and_o mahaut_n come_v into_o spain_n make_v a_o heavy_a complaint_n against_o he_o who_o be_v so_o harden_v in_o that_o sin_n that_o he_o protest_v that_o if_o a_o hundred_o wife_n will_v have_v he_o he_o will_v marry_v they_o all_o yet_o be_v a_o great_a warrior_n and_o a_o wise_a and_o prosperous_a king_n he_o maintain_v himself_o by_o the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n insomuch_o that_o mahaut_n be_v dead_a the_o bishop_n of_o portugal_n

moor_n out_o of_o barcelona_n and_o put_v a_o french_a garrison_n in_o it_o not_o long_o after_o he_o give_v it_o to_o bernard_n who_o be_v the_o first_o count_n of_o catalonia_n and_o be_v a_o powerful_a and_o considerable_a man_n in_o the_o court_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a and_o the_o count_n of_o that_o province_n who_o then_o be_v but_o goverour_n be_v a_o long_a time_n ordinary_a courtier_n and_o attendant_n of_o the_o french_a king_n but_o by_o the_o idleness_n of_o the_o last_o descent_n of_o charlemain_n the_o governor_n of_o province_n and_o of_o this_o among_o the_o rest_n make_v themselves_o master_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o three_o race_n of_o the_o french_a king_n the_o family_n that_o rule_v in_o catalonia_n be_v that_o of_o the_o beringer_n and_o that_o county_n be_v always_o separate_v from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n till_o the_o year_n 1131_o when_o don_n alphonso_n king_n of_o arragon_n surname_v the_o bellador_n because_o he_o fight_v twenty_o two_o battle_n be_v dead_a without_o issue_n the_o people_n of_o arragon_n take_v ramires_n out_o of_o the_o cloister_n of_o st._n pontius_n of_o tomieres_n where_o he_o have_v live_v forty_o year_n a_o monk_n because_o he_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a blood_n and_o son_n to_o sanchez_n ramires_n king_n of_o arragon_n he_o be_v marry_v by_o a_o dispensation_n of_o anaclet_n the_o two_o pope_n or_o rather_o antipope_n and_o have_v a_o daughter_n name_v petronilla_n marry_v to_o raymond_n berenger_n count_n of_o catalonia_n so_o arragon_n and_o catalonia_n be_v unite_v and_o never_o separate_v since_o james_n king_n of_o arragon_n an_z 1320._o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o land_n make_v the_o law_n of_o union_n of_o the_o three_o province_n arragon_n valentia_n and_o catalonia_n not_o to_o be_v possess_v separately_z any_o more_o together_o with_o that_o law_n catalonia_n agree_v with_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n that_o she_o shall_v have_v her_o force_n and_o privilege_n apart_o and_o that_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n who_o take_v only_o the_o title_n of_o count_n of_o catalonia_n shall_v oblige_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o observe_v that_o condition_n this_o precaution_n of_o the_o catalans_n have_v justify_v their_o laterevolt_n which_o the_o most_o conscionable_a among_o they_o have_v yield_v unto_o acknowledge_v that_o their_o king_n have_v violate_v that_o treaty_n it_o be_v a_o constant_a truth_n that_o all_o that_o time_n from_o the_o conquest_n of_o charlemain_n catalonia_n be_v a_o fee_n depend_v from_o france_n charlemain_n make_v the_o first_o count_n of_o it_o who_o be_v his_o courtier_n the_o first_o upon_o who_o it_o be_v settle_v as_o a_o french_a fee_n be_v geoffrey_n le_fw-fr velu_n invest_v by_o charles_n le_fw-fr gros_n a_o 885._o and_o bera_n count_n of_o catalonia_n be_v accuse_v of_o felony_n before_o lewis_n le_fw-fr begue_n offer_v to_o purge_v himself_o by_o a_o duel_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o time_n in_o which_o be_v overcome_v he_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o fee_n and_o another_o invest_v with_o it_o all_o that_o time_n also_o all_o the_o public_a act_n of_o notary_n in_o catalonia_n be_v do_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n which_o be_v a_o undoubted_a mark_n of_o supremacy_n and_o all_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n count_n of_o catalonia_n do_v homage_n for_o it_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n till_o the_o year_n 1181._o and_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o philip_n the_o conqueror_n when_o alphonsus_n king_n of_o arragon_n call_v a_o council_n at_o tarracona_n a_o town_n of_o catalonia_n where_o under_o colour_n of_o conscience_n and_o respect_n to_o religion_n he_o cause_v a_o order_n to_o be_v make_v that_o from_o thenceforth_o the_o year_n of_o the_o french_a king_n shall_v no_o more_o be_v put_v in_o the_o deed_n and_o contract_n of_o catalonia_n but_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o same_o king_n have_v neglect_v that_o homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n that_o right_o be_v lose_v under_o philip_n auguste_fw-la lewis_n the_o viii_o and_o st_n lewis_n the_o claim_n only_o remain_v in_o which_o consideration_n likely_a the_o prince_n of_o arragon_n be_v educate_v in_o the_o court_n of_o france_n one_o of_o they_o be_v james_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o st._n lewis_n and_o have_v be_v educate_v with_o philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n who_o be_v come_v to_o visit_v that_o king_n and_o have_v give_v he_o his_o sister_n isabel_n to_o wife_n the_o spaniard_n say_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o match_n and_o the_o session_n which_o james_n make_v to_o philip_n of_o the_o town_n of_o monpellier_n and_o of_o some_o other_o land_n which_o he_o possess_v in_o languedoc_n the_o say_a king_n philip_n quit_v all_o his_o right_n of_o supremacy_n over_o arragon_n and_o catalonia_n that_o treaty_n be_v a_o 1270_o by_o which_o the_o spaniard_n conceive_v that_o they_o have_v shake_v the_o yoke_n of_o french_a sovereignty_n but_o whether_o that_o treaty_n be_v valid_a or_o no_o either_o for_o the_o fact_n or_o the_o right_n that_o session_n be_v above_o 380_o year_n old_a it_o seem_v authentical_a and_o the_o french_a have_v give_v over_o that_o claim_n but_o they_o have_v another_o of_o latter_a date_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o massacre_n make_v in_o the_o siclian_a vesper_n a_o 1281._o peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n count_n of_o catalonia_n be_v excommunicate_v &_o his_o land_n put_v in_o interdict_v and_o give_v to_o philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n by_o martin_n the_o iv_o pope_n or_o to_o his_o son_n count_n of_o valois_n but_o that_o right_a be_v the_o same_o as_o the_o right_n which_o the_o french_a claim_n or_o do_v claim_v upon_o arragon_n of_o which_o we_o speak_v late_o we_o will_v not_o here_o repeat_v so_o the_o french_a right_n over_o catalonia_n be_v reduce_v to_o these_o two_o head_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o conquest_n of_o charlemain_n the_o estabish_n of_o count_n and_o governor_n in_o the_o same_o the_o homage_n do_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n the_o year_n of_o their_o reign_n ascribe_v in_o their_o deed_n both_o private_a and_o public_a the_o other_o be_v the_o same_o as_o be_v pretend_v upon_o arragon_n of_o both_o the_o french_a make_v no_o great_a account_n only_o because_o of_o late_a year_n catalonia_n have_v shake_v the_o yoke_n of_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o castilia_n and_o have_v give_v themselves_o to_o the_o french_a it_o may_v be_v dispute_v whether_o the_o french_a king_n may_v use_v any_o of_o these_o old_a stale_a title_n or_o whether_o he_o must_v ground_v the_o justice_n of_o his_o possession_n upon_o the_o donation_n which_o the_o catalan_o have_v make_v to_o he_o hold_v themselves_o free_a from_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o spaniard_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o infraction_n of_o their_o privilege_n certain_o in_o all_o particular_a treaty_n the_o unobservation_n of_o the_o condition_n free_v the_o party_n from_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o as_o for_o sovereignty_n and_o the_o mutual_a obligation_n of_o king_n and_o subject_n many_o will_v reason_v otherwise_o say_v that_o although_o the_o obligation_n be_v mutual_a as_o for_o the_o conscience_n yet_o as_o for_o the_o retrocession_n and_o the_o penalty_n attend_v the_o breach_n of_o the_o obligation_n it_o do_v not_o reach_v to_o king_n who_o action_n be_v not_o censurable_a by_o the_o people_n not_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o contract_n which_o be_v mutual_a and_o reciprocal_a but_o for_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o consequence_n which_o may_v authorise_v revolt_n other_o also_o will_v say_v that_o a_o country_n give_v herself_o to_o a_o prince_n what_o privilege_n soever_o the_o people_n reserve_v to_o themselves_o by_o contract_n they_o be_v all_o lose_v when_o they_o enter_v into_o subjection_n which_o by_o its_o nature_n make_v a_o man_n subject_n to_o another_o man_n without_o any_o exception_n when_o the_o public_a good_a be_v concern_v &_o that_o those_o privilege_n by_o that_o subjection_n pass_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o mere_a liberty_n and_o concession_n of_o prince_n which_o they_o may_v stretch_v diminish_v and_o overthrow_v according_a to_o their_o discretion_n certain_o in_o all_o these_o contention_n between_o the_o people_n and_o the_o sovereign_a passion_n and_o interest_n bear_v a_o great_a sway_n &_o make_v conscience_n plead_v on_o both_o side_n but_o any_o reason_n will_v pass_v when_o there_o be_v strength_n to_o back_o it_o paragraphe_n vi_o of_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n and_o sardinia_n that_o little_a country_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o pyrenees_n and_o near_o the_o golph_n of_o leon_n be_v ancient_o part_v of_o languedoc_n and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n pass_v through_o the_o same_o fortune_n and_o change_n it_o be_v for_o a_o great_a while_n part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o bezier_n and_o duchy_n of_o narbon_n then_o

it_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o particular_a count_n which_o fail_v the_o country_n fall_v to_o the_o count_n of_o catalonia_n how_o and_o in_o what_o time_n precise_o i_o find_v not_o only_o i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o st_n lewis_n alphonsus_n his_o brother_n count_n of_o toulouse_n and_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n be_v in_o suit_n about_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n st_o lewis_n be_v choose_v umpire_n as_o bear_v himself_o for_o sovereign_n of_o both_o who_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v their_o judge_n and_o he_o do_v adjudge_v it_o on_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n against_o his_o own_o brother_n it_o seem_v that_o holy_a king_n acknowledge_v the_o justice_n of_o their_o possession_n for_o as_o that_o county_n be_v unite_v with_o that_o of_o barcelonia_n it_o be_v hold_v also_o by_o the_o same_o right_n since_o the_o union_n of_o these_o with_o the_o crown_n of_o arragon_n it_o run_v the_o same_o fortune_n with_o arragon_n and_o be_v conquer_v by_o philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o interdict_v of_o pope_n martin_n the_o iv_o philip_n die_v at_o perpignan_n and_o soon_o after_o all_o be_v lose_v and_o quite_v by_o charles_n de_fw-fr valois_n his_o second_o son_n but_o of_o that_o right_n &_o all_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n upon_o roussillon_n as_o upon_o arragon_n and_o catalonia_n the_o french_a themselves_o make_v no_o great_a account_n but_o upon_o roussillon_n the_o french_a have_v a_o title_n altogether_o singular_a john_n king_n of_o arragon_n that_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o lewis_n the_o xi_o of_o france_n be_v in_o war_n with_o his_o subject_n of_o arragon_n and_o catalonia_n as_o maintainer_n of_o his_o son_n charles_n prince_z of_o vienna_n and_o the_o true_a heir_n of_o navarra_n against_o he_o and_o find_v his_o subject_n too_o hard_o for_o he_o as_o assisted_z by_o henry_n king_n of_o castilia_n desire_v lewis_n the_o xi_o to_o assist_v he_o which_o he_o do_v with_o great_a might_n have_v send_v he_o a_o good_a army_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o charles_n d'_fw-fr armagnac_n duke_n of_o nemours_n who_o confirm_v the_o crown_n to_o john_n and_o compose_v the_o difference_n between_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n at_o which_o time_n john_n engage_v the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n and_o the_o town_n of_o perpignan_n unto_o lewis_n the_o xi_o for_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n which_o he_o borrow_v of_o he_o lewis_n notwithstanding_o many_o treachery_n and_o attempt_n of_o the_o arrogenese_n maintain_v himself_o in_o that_o country_n and_z charles_n the_o viii_o his_o son_n after_o he_o until_o the_o design_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n it_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1492._o that_o charles_n the_o viii_o begin_v the_o enterprise_n of_o naples_n and_o fear_v lest_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o arragon_n son_n to_z that_o john_n will_v assist_v the_o house_n of_o naples_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o that_o of_o arragon_n or_o shall_v enter_v into_o france_n in_o his_o absence_n he_o return_v unto_o he_o that_o county_n of_o roussillon_n gratis_o not_o quit_v but_o not_o demand_v the_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n have_v promise_v and_o swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a cross_n and_o upon_o the_o gospel_n that_o he_o will_v serve_v the_o king_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n in_o that_o expedition_n of_o italy_n the_o governor_n of_o perpignan_n do_v not_o yield_v but_o after_o many_o iterate_a command_n see_v the_o importance_n of_o that_o restitution_n and_o fear_v the_o infidelity_n of_o arragon_n the_o french_a historian_n blame_v james_n maillert_n a_o franciscan_a friar_n confessor_n to_o charles_n the_o viii_o say_n he_o be_v win_v by_o ferdinand_n to_o persuade_v the_o king_n to_o that_o restitution_n but_o ferdinand_n instead_o of_o help_a charles_n in_o his_o expedition_n of_o italy_n help_v his_o enemy_n in_o italy_n and_o disturb_v his_o enterprise_n of_o naples_n since_o which_o time_n the_o french_a have_v often_o redemanded_a that_o county_n as_o not_o redeem_v with_o the_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n and_o represent_v that_o they_o be_v circumvent_v by_o ferdinand_n but_o in_o vain_a till_o final_o the_o sword_n have_v do_v what_o reason_n and_o justice_n can_v not_o perpignan_n be_v besiege_v and_o take_v by_o lewis_n the_o xiii_o of_o late_a year_n thus_o of_o those_o six_o right_n which_o the_o french_a pretend_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o spain_n those_o of_o castilia_n portugal_n and_o arragon_n be_v old_a and_o stale_a that_o of_o navarra_n be_v in_o its_o full_a force_n by_o their_o ordinary_a protestation_n that_o of_o catalonia_n and_o roussillon_n be_v no_o more_o pretend_a right_n the_o french_a have_v the_o real_a possession_n of_o they_o paragraphe_n vii_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n out_o of_o the_o limit_n of_o spain_n the_o french_a have_v three_o great_a pretence_n upon_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n 1._o upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n 2._o upon_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o genoa_n 3._o upon_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n &_o artois_n because_o they_o pretend_v that_o these_o right_n be_v in_o their_o full_a force_n they_o must_v be_v exact_o examine_v we_o will_v begin_v at_o naples_n 1._o that_o part_n of_o italy_n which_o be_v beyond_o capagna_n de_fw-fr roma_n and_o comprehend_v these_o ancient_a province_n samnium_n appulia_n hydruntum_n magna_fw-la graecia_n campania_n calabria_n and_o other_o all_o these_o i_o say_v which_o be_v well_o nigh_o one_o half_a of_o italy_n make_v up_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n compania_n now_o terra_fw-la di_fw-mi lavoro_n the_o river_n of_o aufidus_n now_o ofanto_n in_o puglia_n and_o the_o river_n of_o liris_n now_o cantigliano_fw-it near_o capua_n be_v make_v the_o limit_n between_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n an._n 803._o nicephorus_n then_o be_v the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n and_o charlemain_n of_o the_o west_n so_o that_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o all_o that_o be_v on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o two_o river_n remain_v with_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o west_n the_o part_n beyond_o they_o with_o the_o island_n of_o sicily_n remain_v with_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n not_o long_o after_o the_o saracen_n invade_v italy_n the_o height_n of_o their_o fury_n be_v about_o the_o year_n 850._o and_o in_o the_o part_n about_o sicily_n and_o sicily_n itself_o where_o they_o settle_v themselves_o and_o for_o many_o age_n those_o country_n be_v the_o sad_a stage_n where_o the_o latin_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o greek_n on_o the_o other_o and_o the_o saracen_n enemy_n to_o both_o act_v a_o bloody_a tragedy_n 2._o about_o the_o year_n 1000_o forty_o norman_a gentleman_n return_v from_o the_o pilgrimage_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n give_v a_o powerful_a assistance_n to_o the_o christian_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n against_o the_o saracen_n and_o be_v return_v home_o undertake_v not_o long_o after_o a_o expedition_n to_o naples_n with_o more_o might_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o tristan_n cistel_n a_o norman_a these_o give_v the_o beginning_n to_o the_o state_n of_o naples_n partly_o by_o conquest_n partly_o by_o marriage_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o cross_n of_o puglia_n and_o duke_n of_o calabria_n and_o in_o time_n advance_v their_o conquest_n as_o far_o as_o sicily_n they_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o the_o same_o to_o that_o family_n of_o norman_n succeed_v that_o of_o the_o german_n in_o the_o person_n of_o henry_n the_o vi_o and_o friderick_n the_o two_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o naples_n that_o friderick_n be_v fall_v into_o the_o hatred_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n which_o be_v sovereign_a of_o that_o fee_n he_o be_v deprive_v of_o that_o state_n after_o his_o death_n his_o son_n conrard_n and_o his_o bastard_n manfred_n and_o conradin_n son_n of_o conrard_n have_v labour_v to_o maintain_v himself_o in_o it_o final_o the_o house_n of_o france_n be_v call_v to_o it_o after_o this_o manner_n about_o the_o year_n 1262._o 3._o by_o the_o fall_n out_o of_o all_o these_o prince_n with_o the_o pope_n great_a confusion_n happen_v in_o italy_n the_o pope_n innocent_a the_o iv_o weary_a of_o the_o german_a race_n present_v the_o kingdom_n to_o saint_n lewis_n for_o his_o brother_n charles_n count_n of_o anjou_n and_o provence_n who_o be_v repute_v a_o great_a warrior_n and_o two_o year_n after_o vrban_n the_o iv_o invest_v they_o with_o it_o an._n 1264._o that_o country_n which_o he_o hold_v from_o the_o church_n contain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o the_o great_a i_o will_v of_o sicily_n and_o be_v call_v sicilia_n ultra_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la farum_fw-la because_o of_o the_o far_a or_o straight_o of_o messina_n which_o separate_v the_o i_o will_v from_o the_o continent_n but_o that_o country_n be_v so_o

anger_v the_o count_n of_o charrolois_n and_o increase_v his_o jealousy_n philip_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n die_v a_o 1467._o charles_n succeed_v he_o 6._o this_o new_a duke_n of_o burgundy_n be_v much_o consider_v in_o france_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o great_a land_n and_o turbulent_a spirit_n all_o his_o time_n he_o be_v in_o war_n with_o the_o king_n and_o bring_v the_o english_a into_o france_n the_o king_n also_o do_v raise_v he_o enemy_n which_o his_o own_o rashness_n do_v multiply_v he_o be_v defeat_v by_o the_o swisser_n at_o granson_n and_o morat_n and_o kill_v before_o nancy_n a_o 1477._o 7._o after_o his_o death_n lewis_n take_v the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n and_o province_n annex_v to_o it_o give_v by_o charles_n the_o vii_o to_o philip_n le_fw-fr bon_fw-fr as_o a_o masculine_a apanage_n with_o the_o town_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n which_o charles_n be_v to_o hold_v all_o his_o life_n not_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o heir_n he_o seize_v also_o upon_o the_o town_n of_o arras_n upon_o which_o he_o pretend_v a_o right_n he_o do_v his_o utmost_a to_o catch_v mary_n the_o inheritrix_n of_o charles_n and_o desire_v the_o people_n of_o gant_n to_o deliver_v she_o into_o his_o hand_n or_o make_v she_o marry_v charles_n the_o dolphin_n but_o they_o protect_v she_o and_o soon_o after_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n marry_v she_o 8._o in_o spain_n after_o the_o interview_n of_o the_o two_o king_n lewis_n of_o france_n and_z henry_n of_o castilia_n and_o the_o sale_n or_o pawn_n of_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n king_n john_n of_o arragon_n see_v that_o lewis_n have_v arbitrate_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o castilian_a and_o have_v send_v john_n duke_n of_o calabria_n for_o the_o conquest_n of_o arragon_n take_v his_o time_n when_o the_o league_n in_o france_n be_v strong_a against_o the_o king_n to_o make_v perpignan_n revolt_v against_o the_o french_a the_o garrison_n retire_v into_o the_o citadel_n and_o make_v it_o good_a till_o the_o town_n be_v besiege_v 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and_o destroy_v he_o in_o italy_n the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n of_o the_o league_n be_v francisco_n gonzaga_n marquis_n of_o mantua_n who_o give_v battle_n to_o the_o king_n at_o fornova_n which_o the_o king_n win_v with_o great_a glory_n be_v return_v into_o france_n he_o prepare_v to_o return_v into_o italy_n but_o die_v in_o that_o preparation_n whilst_o charles_n be_v about_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n lewis_n duke_n of_o orleans_n who_o soon_o after_o be_v king_n of_o france_n stay_v in_o his_o county_n of_o ast_n and_o renew_v his_o claim_n to_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n possess_v by_o the_o usurper_n ludovick_n sforza_n the_o murderer_n of_o his_o two_o nephew_n as_o long_o as_o ludovick_n keep_v good_a intelligence_n with_o the_o king_n lewis_z duke_z of_o orleans_n dare_v not_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o he_o but_o after_o that_o ludovick_n have_v make_v himself_o one_o of_o the_o league_n against_o the_o king_n lewis_n possess_v himself_o of_o novara_n a_o 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3._o from_o thence_o he_o go_v to_o naples_n conquer_v it_o from_o friderick_n the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o bastard_n branch_n of_o arragon_n who_o put_v himself_o into_o the_o king_n hand_n the_o king_n recompense_v he_o with_o the_o duchy_n of_o anjou_n a_o pension_n of_o thirty_o thousand_o crown_n and_o the_o first_o place_n in_o the_o council_n ferdinand_n king_n of_o arragon_n see_v that_o bastard_n branch_n fail_v renew_v his_o pretence_n to_o naples_n lewis_n compound_v with_o he_o and_o they_o share_v the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n have_v for_o his_o part_n calabria_n &_o puglia_n the_o rest_n remain_v to_o the_o french_a but_o soon_o after_o upon_o some_o difference_n which_o arise_v between_o the_o french_a and_o the_o spaniard_n for_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o country_n of_o abruzzo_n and_o some_o salt-pit_n the_o grand_a capitan_n gonsalvo_n de_fw-fr cordova_n take_v arm_n and_o expel_v the_o french_a an_z 1503._o 4._o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n after_o the_o year_n 1593._o see_v the_o house_n of_o sforza_n degrade_v from_o milan_n but_o two_o son_n remain_v threaten_v lewis_n of_o the_o imperial_a ban._n lewis_n appease_v he_o and_o obtain_v the_o investiture_n of_o the_o year_n 1505._o and_o promise_v his_o daughter_n claud_n to_o charles_n duke_n of_o luxemburg_n who_o since_o be_v emperor_n but_o soon_o after_o lewis_n who_o love_v dear_o francis_n d'angoulesme_fw-fr his_fw-la cousin_n and_o first_o prince_n of_o his_o blood_n make_v he_o marry_v claud_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o great_a man_n of_o his_o kingdom_n notwithstanding_o the_o promise_n make_v to_o maximilian_n this_o anger_v very_o much_o philip_n father_n to_o charles_n who_o will_v have_v take_v a_o revenge_n of_o that_o wrong_n have_v he_o not_o be_v prevent_v with_o death_n a_o 1506._o he_o have_v marry_v jane_n the_o great_a inheritrix_n of_o spain_n by_o who_o he_o have_v many_o child_n 5._o yet_o philip_n before_o he_o die_v reconcile_a himself_o with_o lewis_n yea_o and_o recommend_v to_o he_o the_o tuition_n of_o his_o son_n charles_n which_o lewis_n accept_v and_o give_v he_o antony_n de_fw-fr ceures_fw-fr lord_n of_o crovy_a for_o his_o governor_n a_o wise_a knight_n who_o form_v that_o young_a spirit_n to_o great_a business_n in_o which_o charles_n excel_v afterward_o 6._o an._n 1507._o the_o city_n of_o genoa_n which_o have_v be_v conquer_v with_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o where_o lewis_n have_v make_v a_o glorious_a entry_n revolt_v from_o he_o lewis_n pass_v into_o italy_n and_o bring_v she_o to_o subjection_n it_o be_v at_o that_o time_n that_o ferdinand_n of_o arragon_n return_v from_o his_o new_a conquest_n of_o naples_n see_v lewis_n the_o xii_o at_o savone_n a_o town_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o genoa_n in_o that_o interview_n ferdinand_n who_o be_v then_o king_n of_o two_o little_a kingdom_n only_o both_o depend_v from_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n refuse_v always_o the_o honour_n and_o the_o precedence_n which_o lewis_n will_v give_v he_o as_o it_o be_v usual_a to_o do_v to_o stranger_n when_o one_o be_v at_o home_n even_o to_o inferior_n he_o will_v salute_v lewis_n at_o his_o rise_n and_o attend_v he_o go_v to_o mass_n lewis_n whensoever_o he_o give_v to_o ferdinand_n the_o precedence_n make_v he_o understand_v that_o he_o do_v it_o out_o of_o civility_n not_o out_o of_o duty_n go_v before_o say_v he_o to_o he_o for_o if_o i_o be_v at_o your_o house_n and_o in_o your_o country_n i_o will_v in_o the_o like_a case_n do_v what_o you_o will_v desire_v of_o i_o but_o because_o you_o be_v in_o my_o country_n you_o shall_v do_v so_o for_o it_o be_v my_o will_n and_o i_o beseech_v you_o so_o to_o do_v that_o may_v be_v do_v then_o without_o prejudice_n when_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n be_v far_o under_o the_o splendour_n of_o that_o of_o france_n and_o be_v not_o so_o arrogant_a as_o now_o how_o such_o another_o encounter_n shall_v be_v order_v in_o these_o day_n in_o point_n of_o civility_n it_o 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juliet_n the_o two_o be_v declare_v enemy_n to_o lewis_n and_o all_o his_o adherent_n among_o who_o be_v john_n d'albret_a king_n of_o navarra_n ferdinand_n invade_v navarra_n a_o 1512._o the_o swisser_n set_v on_o by_o the_o pope_n expel_v the_o french_a from_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o set_v up_o maximilian_n sforza_n son_n to_o ludovic_n the_o english_a and_o maximilian_n be_v confederate_a come_v into_o france_n and_o besiege_v terovenne_n lewis_n come_v to_o help_v and_o give_v the_o battle_n which_o be_v call_v of_o the_o spur_n because_o though_o the_o french_a at_o the_o first_o resist_v manful_o yet_o they_o be_v put_v to_o the_o worst_a and_o force_v to_o make_v more_o use_n of_o their_o spur_n then_o sword_n final_o although_o lewis_n have_v win_v the_o battle_n of_o ravenna_n a_o 1512._o he_o see_v himself_o expel_v out_o of_o all_o italy_n and_o the_o house_n of_o the_o sforza_n restore_v at_o milan_n before_o he_o die_v which_o be_v a_o 1515._o under_o francis_n the_o i._o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o find_v the_o house_n of_o austria_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o charles_n then_o of_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n who_o possess_v all_o the_o low_a country_n by_o his_o father_n philip_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castilia_n from_o his_o mother_n jane_n of_o arragon_n maximilian_n be_v yet_o live_v enjoy_v the_o arch-dutchy_a of_o austria_n his_o other_o grandfather_n ferdinand_n be_v king_n of_o arragon_n and_o naples_n both_o very_a old_a and_o break_a charles_n be_v their_o heir_n apparent_a 1._o francis_n the_o i._o come_v to_o the_o crown_n receive_v the_o homage_n of_o the_o count_n of_o nassau_n in_o the_o name_n of_o charles_n count_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n to_o who_o he_o promise_v renee_n second_o daughter_n to_o lewis_n the_o xii_o but_o that_o marriage_n be_v not_o

after_o repent_v of_o that_o donation_n which_o he_o see_v to_o be_v displease_v to_o the_o college_n of_o cardinal_n join_v with_o the_o emperor_n for_o the_o dispossess_v of_o octavio_n who_o put_v himself_o in_o henry_n the_o two_o his_o protection_n and_o that_o king_n powerful_o assist_v he_o both_o against_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o emperor_n and_o be_v at_o such_o odds_o with_o the_o pope_n as_o to_o prohibit_v the_o bring_n of_o any_o money_n out_o of_o france_n to_o rome_n at_o which_o the_o pope_n amaze_v desire_a peace_n of_o the_o king_n and_o desist_v to_o oppose_v octavio_n yea_o and_o cause_v the_o emperor_n to_o restore_v placentia_n to_o octavio_n since_o which_o time_n octavio_n and_o his_o successor_n have_v enjoy_v parma_n and_o placentia_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o king_n protect_v also_o the_o prince_n of_o mirandola_n who_o the_o pope_n will_v oppress_v before_o that_o time_n a_o 1545._o the_o emperor_n get_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o protestant_a prince_n of_o germany_n their_o two_o chief_a man_n friderick_n elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o philip_n landgrave_n of_o h●sse_n be_v take_v prisoner_n whereby_o the_o protestant_a party_n be_v so_o humble_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1550._o they_o implore_v the_o help_n of_o henry_n the_o two_o of_o france_n who_o pass_v into_o germany_n to_o relieve_v they_o the_o constable_n of_o montmorency_n in_o his_o way_n seize_v upon_o the_o town_n of_o metz_n toul_n and_o verdun_n upon_o the_o right_n which_o we_o have_v set_v down_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n that_o enterpize_n of_o henry_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o protestant_n make_v the_o emperor_n conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o they_o in_o haste_n so_o that_o the_o king_n be_v come_v to_o strasburg_n be_v desire_v by_o they_o to_o return_v because_o they_o be_v agree_v with_o the_o emperor_n return_v from_o germany_n he_o take_v many_o town_n in_o lutzenburg_n rochemar_n danvilliers_n ivoy_n bovillon_n and_o the_o emperor_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n 1551._o besiege_v metz_n so_o well_o defend_v by_o francis_n duke_n of_o guise_n that_o the_o siege_n be_v raise_v the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o year_n 1552_o terrovenne_n be_v take_v and_o raze_v by_o the_o emperor_n the_o people_n of_o sienna_n fear_v lest_o that_o cosmo_n de_fw-fr medicis_n duke_n of_o florence_n shall_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n have_v put_v themselves_o into_o the_o emperor_n hand_n hope_v that_o he_o will_v bring_v they_o in_o their_o liberty_n but_o see_v that_o he_o will_v bring_v they_o under_o the_o subjection_n of_o cosmo_n they_o call_v henry_n the_o two_o to_o their_o help_n who_o give_v they_o blaise_n de_fw-fr montlue_n for_o their_o governor_n who_o since_o be_v marshal_n of_o france_n in_o his_o commentary_n he_o have_v describe_v how_o that_o city_n be_v besiege_v but_o in_o the_o end_n they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o florentine_a in_o the_o year_n 1555._o the_o emperor_n charles_n resign_v the_o imperial_a crown_n to_o his_o brother_n ferdinand_n and_o all_o his_o other_o estate_n to_o his_o son_n philip_n the_o ii_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o henry_n and_o philip_n be_v move_v near_o ardres_n and_o perfect_v near_o cambray_n a_o 1556._o for_o ten_o year_n and_o swear_v by_o the_o two_o king_n feb._n 6._o but_o present_o after_o the_o death_n of_o juliet_n the_o iii_o and_o the_o pontificat_fw-la of_o marcel_n the_o ii_o which_o last_v but_o two_o and_o twenty_o day_n the_o peace_n be_v break_v upon_o the_o election_n of_o paul_n the_o iv_o a_o neapolitan_a of_o the_o house_n of_o caraffa_n ally_v to_o that_o of_o melpha_n which_o have_v always_o be_v of_o the_o french_a faction_n and_o be_v odious_a to_o the_o spaniard_n who_o use_v all_o their_o power_n to_o hinder_v his_o election_n and_o when_o in_o spite_n of_o they_o he_o be_v elect_v they_o raise_v two_o powerful_a family_n of_o rome_n against_o he_o the_o columna_n and_o the_o vitelly_n who_o revolt_v against_o the_o pope_n be_v assist_v by_o philip._n the_o king_n send_v help_v to_o the_o pope_n so_o the_o truce_n be_v break_v many_o exploit_n of_o arm_n be_v do_v about_o rome_n but_o octob._n 14._o 1557_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o spaniard_n agree_v and_o henry_n call_v his_o army_n back_o but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n philip_n have_v marry_v queen_n mary_n of_o england_n make_v his_o wife_n declare_v war_n to_o henry_n by_o a_o herald_n of_o arm_n who_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o at_o reims_n whence_o follow_v many_o various_a effect_n of_o war_n in_o picardy_n and_o champagne_n till_o the_o memorable_a battle_n of_o saint_n guintin_n lose_v by_o the_o french_a an_z 1557._o where_o the_o constable_n be_v take_v but_o francis_n duke_n of_o guise_n new_o return_v from_o italy_n revive_v the_o sad_a condition_n of_o france_n by_o the_o take_n of_o calais_n guines_n the_o land_n of_o oye_n and_o the_o town_n of_o thionville_n the_o two_o army_n of_o these_o two_o prince_n be_v both_o in_o sight_n one_o of_o another_o in_o picardy_n near_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n the_o constable_n of_o france_n and_o the_o martial_a saint_n andrew_n both_o prisoner_n of_o the_o spaniard_n the_o pope_n nuntio_n and_o christina_n dowagar_n of_o lorraine_n cosen-german_a to_o philip_n manage_v a_o peace_n which_o be_v conclude_v at_o chasteau_n in_o cambresis_n in_o february_n 1559._o by_o the_o first_o article_n of_o that_o treaty_n the_o french_a king_n be_v to_o execute_v religious_o all_o the_o treaty_n make_v between_o charles_n the_o v._o and_z francis_z the_o i._o whereby_o they_o understand_v the_o cession_n make_v of_o naples_n milan_n flanders_n and_o artois_n unless_o the_o present_a treaty_n do_v contradict_v it_o but_o that_o treaty_n mention_v only_o the_o restitution_n of_o the_o town_n take_v on_o both_o side_n and_o the_o rendition_n of_o the_o state_n of_o savoy_n and_o piedmont_n to_o philibert_n emanuel_n duke_n of_o savoy_n also_o by_o that_o treaty_n a_o marriage_n be_v agree_v on_o between_o philip_n then_o new_o a_o widower_n by_o the_o death_n of_o queen_n mary_n of_o england_n and_o elizabeth_n daughter_n to_o henry_n the_o ii_o which_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v call_v the_o queen_n of_o peace_n in_o the_o celebration_n of_o that_o marriage_n henry_n the_o two_o be_v slay_v paragraphe_n v._o from_o the_o peace_n of_o chasteau_n in_o cambresis_n 1559._o to_o the_o death_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alenson_n 1584._o there_o be_v no_o open_a war_n between_o the_o two_o crown_n all_o that_o time_n which_o comprehend_v the_o reign_n of_o francis_n the_o two_o charles_n the_o ix_o and_o great_a part_n of_o that_o of_o henry_n the_o iii_o but_o by_o the_o virtue_n of_o that_o queen_n of_o peace_n the_o union_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o trouble_n of_o religion_n be_v rise_v in_o france_n philip_n assist_v the_o french_a king_n with_o his_o arm_n under_o francis_n the_o ii_o in_o this_o reign_n of_o ninteen_o month_n the_o history_n observe_v two_o notable_a thing_n which_o be_v much_o for_o our_o purpose_n 1._o the_o state_n of_o france_n be_v in_o trouble_n at_o the_o entry_n of_o this_o reign_n by_o the_o great_a favour_n of_o the_o guise_n uncle_n to_o queen_n mary_n of_o scotland_n wife_n to_o francis_n the_o two_o and_o by_o the_o queen-mother_n catherine_n de_fw-fr medicis_n who_o take_v the_o regency_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o antony_n of_o bourbon_n king_n of_o navarra_n and_o first_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n of_o france_n after_o the_o king_n brother_n who_o be_v keep_v low_o and_o all_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n with_o he_o seem_v to_o threaten_v france_n of_o a_o civil_a war._n philip_n the_o two_o consider_v that_o state_n of_o france_n send_v to_o francis_n the_o two_o a_o letter_n which_o be_v read_v in_o the_o council_n whereby_o he_o say_v that_o he_o have_v hear_v how_o some_o great_a man_n of_o france_n be_v ill_o satisfy_v of_o the_o government_n establish_v by_o he_o his_o brother_n in_o law_n francis_n threaten_v his_o state_n of_o a_o civil_a war._n that_o he_o philip_n be_v ready_a to_o employ_v all_o his_o force_n and_o his_o life_n to_o make_v he_o obey_v as_o his_o good_a confederate_n and_o neighbour_n remember_v the_o good_a instruction_n and_o the_o holy_a education_n which_o his_o father_n charles_n the_o v._o have_v receive_v from_o lewis_n the_o xii_o his_o guardian_n 2._o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n be_v degrade_v from_o the_o rank_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v have_v in_o the_o court_n antony_z king_n of_o navarra_n retire_v into_o bearn_n and_o when_o the_o cardinal_n of_o bourbon_n and_o the_o prince_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr roche_n sur_fw-fr yon_n conduct_v the_o queen_n of_o spain_n to_o her_o husband_n he_o bear_v they_o company_n now_o because_o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o marriage_n that_o

contention_n about_o their_o right_n the_o citizen_n change_v religion_n force_v the_o bishop_n to_o fly_v and_o shut_v their_o gate_n against_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n but_o indeed_o that_o town_n and_o all_o the_o other_o state_n be_v piece_n depend_v from_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o emperor_n power_n be_v by_o succession_n of_o time_n confine_v within_o germany_n only_o retain_v almost_o nothing_o out_o of_o it_o but_o the_o shade_n of_o their_o ancient_a authority_n 4._o in_o the_o celtique_a gaul_n french_fw-mi county_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n 5._o the_o city_n of_o besancon_n enclose_v within_o french_a county_n be_v a_o imperial_a city_n 6._o then_o many_o little_a sovereign_a prince_n the_o chief_a of_o they_o the_o thirteen_o canton_n of_o the_o suitzer_n enclose_v within_o the_o alps_n between_o french_a county_n and_o the_o rhine_n of_o they_o four_z are_z protestant_n berne_n which_o alone_o be_v almost_o as_o large_a as_o all_o the_o other_o basel_n zurick_n and_o schaffouse_n which_o be_v a_o town_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n seven_o catholic_n as_o they_o style_v themselves_o two_o great_a friburg_n and_o soleurre_n and_o the_o five_o little_a canton_n uri_n switz_n underwall_n lucerne_n and_o zough_o and_o two_o half_a catholic_n half_a protestant_n glaris_n and_o appenzel_n all_o these_o commonwealth_n make_v one_o body_n of_o state_n have_v their_o associate_n the_o abbot_n of_o saint_n gall_n the_o commonalty_n of_o valley_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o zion_n with_o some_o other_o town_n and_o beyond_o the_o rhine_n the_o three_o league_n of_o the_o grison_n 7._o to_o these_o add_v many_o piece_n about_o the_o rhine_n which_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v part_n of_o germany_n as_o the_o county_n of_o montbeliard_n which_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v buy_v of_o late_a year_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o wirtinberg_n alsatia_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n which_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o consist_v of_o imperial_a town_n and_o other_o town_n which_o the_o king_n of_o france_n now_o hold_v then_o the_o palatinate_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o be_v now_o partly_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o spaniard_n partly_o in_o that_o of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o the_o protestant_n 8._o the_o duchy_n of_o lorraine_n which_o before_o acknowledge_v the_o duke_n be_v now_o almost_o altogether_o in_o the_o king_n of_o frances_n his_o hand_n 9_o the_o principality_n of_o liege_n be_v depend_v from_o the_o bishopric_n thereof_o 10._o the_o duchy_n of_o juliers_n and_o great_a part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o cleves_n now_o divide_v between_o the_o duke_n of_o newburg_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 11._o the_o archbishopric_a of_o treve_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n of_o mosella_n 12._o the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o netherlands_n four_o of_o which_o be_v dutchy_n brabant_n luxembourg_n limbourg_n and_o guelderland_n they_o belong_v to_o the_o spaniard_n part_n of_o guelderland_n except_v and_o some_o town_n of_o brabant_n the_o marquisat_n of_o the_o holy_a empire_n which_o be_v the_o town_n of_o antwerp_n seven_o county_n namur_n hainault_n artois_n flanders_n these_o four_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o spaniard_n except_v that_o which_o the_o french_a hold_n in_o artois_n and_o hainault_n and_o the_o sluice_n and_o other_o place_n which_o the_o hollander_n hold_v in_o flanders_n the_o three_o other_o county_n be_v zealand_n holland_n and_o zutphen_n there_o be_v five_o lordship_n more_o mechlen_n which_o the_o spaniard_n hold_v and_o utrecht_n overissell_n west-friesland_n and_o groan_v which_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o hollander_n all_o these_o be_v common_o call_v the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o netherlands_o and_o the_o belgic_a gaul_n although_o some_o of_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o extent_n of_o gaul_n and_o beyond_o the_o rhine_n as_o overissel_n friesland_n groan_v and_o part_n of_o guelderland_n all_o these_o estate_n contain_v within_o the_o extent_n of_o gaul_n be_v of_o no_o great_a importance_n neither_o be_v they_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o french_a except_v those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o spaniard_n or_o protect_v by_o the_o empire_n to_o these_o cambray_n must_v be_v add_v a_o imperial_a and_o archi-episcopal_a town_n hold_v by_o the_o spaniard_n paragraphe_n v._n here_o let_v we_o enumerate_v all_o the_o prince_n contain_v in_o that_o great_a peninsula_n call_v italy_n between_o the_o golph_n of_o venice_n the_o coast_n of_o genoa_n toscana_n naples_n the_o golph_n of_o tarento_n the_o jonique_fw-la sea_n and_o the_o alps_n within_o that_o extent_n there_o be_v many_o prince_n the_o most_o considerable_a be_v six_o 1._o the_o king_n of_o spain_n hold_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n with_o some_o place_n upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n and_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o town_n of_o sienna_n 2._o the_o pope_n with_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n beside_o the_o sovereignty_n over_o naples_n and_o parma_n hold_v in_o proper_a dominion_n above_o three_o hundred_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o a_o hundred_o in_o breadth_n begin_v from_o caieta_n to_o ferrara_n and_o to_o the_o country_n of_o the_o venetian_n he_o possess_v the_o whole_a latium_n common_o call_v campagna_n di_fw-it roma_fw-it where_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n stand_v part_n of_o toscana_n with_o the_o territory_n of_o st_n peter_n the_o town_n of_o perousa_n viterbo_n orvietta_n the_o duchy_n of_o spoleto_n where_o marca_n d'_fw-fr ancona_n be_v seat_v the_o duchy_n of_o urbino_n late_o devolve_v to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n by_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o roveros_n which_o hold_v it_o in_o fee_n the_o town_n of_o bolonia_n and_o ravenna_n the_o duchy_n of_o ferrara_n return_v to_o the_o church_n under_o pope_n clement_n the_o viii_o a_o 1598._o by_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o lawful_a male_n of_o the_o family_n of_o est_fw-la also_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n the_o duchy_n and_o town_n of_o benevent_v in_o these_o country_n there_o be_v above_o fifty_o bishopric_n and_o above_o a_o million_o and_o a_o half_a of_o inhabitant_n 3._o the_o commonwealth_n of_o venice_n possess_v beside_o the_o city_n of_o venice_n seat_v within_o the_o marsh_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n within_o the_o continent_n of_o italy_n histria_n a_o peninsula_n the_o country_n of_o friuli_n call_v in_o old_a time_n forum_n julii_n milan_n vicenza_n verona_n brixia_n bergumo_n and_o out_o of_o italy_n from_o histria_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o ragousa_n almost_o all_o that_o be_v on_o that_o coast_n of_o the_o golph_n of_o venice_n where_o the_o town_n of_o zara_n sebennico_n spalaro_fw-la cataro_n and_o every_o be_v venice_n border_v upon_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o share_v with_o it_o the_o country_n of_o dalmatia_n and_o slavonia_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n venice_n hold_v the_o isle_n of_o corfou_n zante_n cephalenia_n cerigo_n and_o the_o great_a island_n of_o candy_n now_o dispute_v to_o they_o by_o the_o turk_n and_o even_o before_o the_o turk_n invasion_n candy_n call_v itself_o a_o sovereign_a commonwealth_n acknowledge_v for_o their_o head_n francisco_n erizzo_n of_o a_o ancient_a family_n in_o the_o year_n 1470._o one_o of_o his_o ancestor_n be_v governor_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o negrepont_n be_v take_v by_o the_o turk_n and_o saw_v in_o two_o contrary_a to_o the_o faith_n give_v to_o he_o 8._o the_o great_a duke_n of_o toscana_n be_v possess_v with_o the_o estate_n of_o three_o ancient_a commonwealth_n pisa_n florence_n and_o sienna_n his_o territory_n run_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o toscan_n sea_n where_o he_o have_v also_o the_o isle_n of_o elva_n the_o now_o duke_n be_v ferdinand_n ii_o 9_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o genoa_n possess_v almost_o all_o that_o which_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o riviera_n di_fw-it genoa_n and_o liguria_n they_o hold_v also_o the_o island_n of_o corsica_n 6._o the_o prince_n of_o piedmont_n be_v the_o same_o as_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n he_o hold_v in_o italy_n valdosta_n vercellois_n piedmont_n the_o marquisat_n of_o salluce_n the_o now_o duke_n be_v charles_n emanuel_n beside_o these_o six_o considerable_a prince_n there_o be_v some_o of_o a_o low_a form_n the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n who_o country_n be_v compass_v by_o the_o venetian_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o the_o river_n of_o po_n on_o the_o other_o the_o duke_n of_o modena_n and_o rhegio_n which_o be_v a_o imperial_a fee_n hold_v by_o the_o remnant_n of_o the_o family_n of_o est_fw-la or_o a●estini_n the_o duke_n of_o parma_n and_o placentia_n who_o beside_o that_o fee_n of_o which_o he_o be_v invest_v by_o pope_n paul_n the_o iii_o have_v or_o claim_v as_o a_o proper_a inheritance_n of_o the_o house_n farnesi_n the_o duchy_n of_o castro_n in_o tescana_n near_o rome_n out_o of_o which_o he_o be_v late_o

exclude_v of_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n which_o stir_v the_o parliament_n to_o make_v that_o famous_a arrest_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n to_o which_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o league_n yield_v philip_n the_o ii_o of_o spain_n in_o that_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n set_v up_o his_o daughter_n title_n and_o present_v she_o to_o be_v queen_n but_o present_o perceive_v the_o weakness_n of_o that_o title_n and_o the_o aversion_n of_o the_o french_a from_o the_o government_n of_o a_o woman_n he_o offer_v to_o marry_v she_o either_o with_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n or_o with_o one_o of_o the_o house_n of_o lorraine_n who_o imaginary_a right_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n plead_v and_o to_o strengthen_v all_o these_o right_n he_o say_v that_o the_o election_n by_o the_o state_n will_v supply_v all_o defect_n in_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n it_o appear_v that_o philip_n acknowledge_v the_o weakness_n of_o his_o daughter_n right_a since_o he_o present_v she_o to_o be_v elect_v the_o salic_a law_n be_v fundamental_a in_o france_n wise_o institute_v and_o observe_v twelve_o hundred_o year_n together_o as_o for_o philip_n allegation_n that_o prince_n be_v not_o to_o be_v tie_v by_o municipal_a law_n but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v utter_o false_a for_o in_o the_o discussion_n of_o the_o right_n of_o all_o sovereign_n the_o municipal_a law_n be_v always_o examine_v and_o none_o can_v have_v right_a to_o a_o estate_n from_o which_o he_o be_v exclude_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o decision_n of_o all_o suit_n for_o estate_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n where_o the_o estate_n lie_v but_o where_o those_o custom_n write_v or_o unwritten_a be_v want_v the_o case_n be_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o reason_n only_o the_o french_a think_v they_o have_v both_o law_n and_o reason_n on_o their_o side_n howsoever_o that_o isabel_n in_o who_o favour_n that_o right_o be_v set_v up_o die_v childless_a a_o 1633._o who_o right_a if_o she_o have_v any_o shall_v be_v devolve_v since_o to_o the_o child_n of_o her_o second_o sister_n katherine_n wife_n to_o charles_n emanuel_n duke_n of_o savoy_n from_o who_o all_o the_o house_n of_o savoy_n that_o now_o be_v be_v descend_v 4._o beside_o these_o imaginary_a right_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n the_o empire_n have_v a_o weak_a pretend_a right_a to_o some_o part_n of_o it_o whereupon_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o by_o the_o partage_n between_o the_o son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a 843._o all_o the_o country_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o river_n of_o rhosne_fw-fr and_o saone_n and_o the_o alps_n viz._n provence_n dauphin_n savoy_n and_o french_a county_n remain_v imperial_a land_n and_o the_o french_a king_n in_o the_o second_o race_n yea_o and_o very_o far_o in_o the_o three_o race_n pretend_v nothing_o to_o they_o till_o dauphin_n come_v to_o they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n and_o provence_n in_o the_o time_n of_o lewis_n the_o xi_o and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v hold_v by_o lothary_a the_o elder_a son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a and_o after_o he_o by_o his_o son_n lewis_n the_o young_a who_o die_v without_o heir_n male_a a_o state_n be_v erect_v in_o favour_n of_o his_o daughter_n hermengard_n between_o these_o two_o river_n and_o the_o alps_n which_o be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o arles_n or_o the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o burgundy_n which_o continue_v under_o its_o proper_a king_n who_o pedigree_n be_v full_o describe_v by_o the_o historian_n du_fw-mi chesne_n unto_o the_o death_n of_o rodolphus_n the_o last_o king_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n a_o 1036._o leave_v his_o estate_n to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n the_o two_o surname_v the_o salic_a who_o have_v marry_v his_o sister_n grisel_n or_o as_o some_o say_v be_v his_o nephew_n by_o she_o by_o that_o gift_n beside_o the_o ancient_a pretence_n of_o the_o empire_n upon_o that_o kingdom_n at_o least_o for_o the_o sovereignty_n the_o emperor_n become_v master_n of_o the_o same_o both_o by_o sovereignty_n and_o propriety_n and_o annex_v it_o to_o the_o empire_n at_o which_o time_n the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o treves_n take_v the_o name_n of_o cnancellor_n per_fw-la regnum_fw-la arelatense_n but_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o emperor_n come_v to_o a_o great_a decay_n out_o of_o germany_n especial_o during_o the_o war_n between_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o iv_o and_o the_o pope_n four_o principality_n be_v frame_v in_o that_o kingdom_n of_o arles_n of_o the_o count_n of_o provence_n the_o dolphin_n of_o viennois_n the_o count_n of_o moriurre_n call_v since_o duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o the_o count_n of_o rurgundy_n which_o without_o question_n depend_v from_o the_o empire_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v any_o vigour_n in_o it_o but_o time_n have_v wear_v out_o that_o title_n and_o prescription_n be_v past_a uponit_a not_o to_o be_v break_v and_o the_o old_a title_n revive_v unless_o the_o emperor_n will_v together_o question_v most_o part_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o italy_n and_o the_o east_n and_o north_n gaul_n of_o these_o four_o principality_n that_o of_o savoy_n subsi_v to_o this_o day_n french_fw-mi county_n be_v fall_v to_o the_o house_n of_o flanders_n and_o so_o to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n daulphiné_n be_v give_v to_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n by_o imbert_n dolphin_n about_o the_o year_n 1343._o and_o provence_n to_o lewis_n the_o xi_o a_o 1482._o by_o charles_n count_n of_o maine_n heir_n to_o rené_fw-fr king_n of_o naples_n and_o duke_n of_o anjou_n all_o these_o change_n and_o gift_n as_o for_o the_o propriety_n only_o the_o sovereignty_n be_v still_o pretend_v by_o the_o emperor_n which_o they_o may_v well_o be_v account_v to_o have_v lose_v by_o weakness_n desertion_n and_o by_o prescription_n as_o many_o other_o principality_n at_o this_o side_n of_o the_o rhine_n beside_o the_o french_a history_n relate_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1377._o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o iv_o be_v come_v into_o france_n to_o visit_v king_n charles_n the_o v._o give_v to_o his_o godson_n charles_n who_o since_o be_v charles_n the_o vi_o the_o right_n which_o the_o emperor_n pretend_a in_o daulphiné_n which_o be_v no_o great_a gift_n and_o theodorick_n à_fw-la niem_fw-la a_o historian_n of_o that_o age_n say_v that_o the_o same_o emperor_n be_v come_v to_o avignon_n to_o visit_v the_o pope_n give_v to_o lewis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n brother_n to_o charles_n the_o v._o of_o france_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o arles_n which_o have_v be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o recompense_n of_o the_o magnificent_a entertainment_n which_o the_o say_a lewis_n give_v he_o at_o villeneufue_n near_o avignon_n so_o all_o these_o right_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v lose_v either_o by_o prescription_n or_o donation_n these_o be_v all_o the_o right_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o be_v pretend_v by_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n upon_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o france_n paragraphe_n ii_o of_o the_o right_n pretend_v upon_o provence_n let_v we_o now_o examine_v some_o pretence_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n upon_o some_o dutchy_n and_o other_o dominion_n in_o france_n begin_v at_o provence_n 1._o i_o show_v before_o how_o provence_n before_o the_o partage_n between_o the_o son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a a_o fundamental_a and_o famous_a date_n in_o our_o history_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o when_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o tetrarchy_n it_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mets_n austrasia_n or_o burgundy_n but_o when_o before_o that_o famous_a division_n all_o france_n be_v reunite_v in_o the_o second_o race_n under_o these_o two_o great_a prince_n pepin_n and_o charlemain_n provence_n be_v a_o part_n of_o it_o 2._o by_o the_o partage_n between_o the_o son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a provence_n with_o all_o that_o be_v beyond_o the_o river_n of_o rhosne_fw-fr and_o saone_n be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o portion_n give_v to_o charles_n the_o bald_a and_o be_v since_o call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o arles_n all_o these_o piece_n give_v to_o lothary_a the_o elder_a brother_n be_v call_v the_o empire_n and_o imperial_a ground_n and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o land_n beyond_o the_o rhone_n towards_o italy_n be_v call_v terres_n d'_fw-fr empire_n land_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o land_n at_o this_o side_n terres_n de_fw-fr france_n french_a land_n since_o that_o partage_n the_o emperor_n have_v always_o pretend_v a_o sovereignty_n to_o those_o country_n a_o right_n strengthen_v by_o the_o donation_n make_v of_o the_o propriety_n of_o it_o to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n the_o salic_a by_o his_o uncle_n or_o brother_n in_o law_n rodolphus_n the_o last_o king_n of_o burgundy_n 3._o lewis_n the_o ii_o emperor_n son_n to_o

obtain_v his_o absolution_n of_o urban_n the_o iv_o and_o the_o confirmation_n of_o that_o second_o marriage_n of_o which_o he_o have_v child_n one_o of_o they_o and_o his_o successor_n be_v denis_n alphonsus_n be_v dead_a an_z 1279._o from_o that_o denis_n be_v descend_v all_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n to_o this_o day_n some_o of_o the_o french_a historian_n affirm_v that_o mahaut_n have_v two_o son_n by_o alphonsus_n in_o france_n the_o one_o that_o die_v young_a the_o other_z robert_z from_o who_o the_o whole_a house_n of_o the_o count_n of_o bullen_n be_v descend_v which_o fall_v to_o magdalen_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cour_fw-fr wife_n to_o laurens_n of_o medicis_n by_o who_o come_v katherine_n de_fw-fr medicis_n mother_n of_o the_o three_o late_a french_a king_n francis_n the_o ii_o charles_n the_o ix_o and_o henry_n the_o iii_o after_o who_o death_n by_o the_o substitution_n set_v down_o before_o in_o the_o contract_n between_o she_o and_o henry_n the_o two_o the_o inheritance_n of_o katherine_n come_v to_o her_o daughter_n queen_n margaret_n first_o wife_n to_o henry_n the_o iv_o that_o queen_n make_v the_o dolphin_n of_o france_n her_o heir_n who_o since_o be_v lewis_n the_o xiii_o when_o the_o dispute_n for_o the_o succession_n of_o portugal_n be_v open_a after_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n the_o cardinal_z king_n an_z 1530_o katherine_n queen_n of_o france_n among_o other_o pretender_n to_o that_o crown_n set_v forth_o her_o claim_n by_o belloy_n advocate_n general_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o toulouse_n who_o plead_v that_o from_o the_o marriage_n of_o alphonsus_n and_o mahaut_n a_o son_n be_v bear_v call_v robert_n and_o have_v succeed_v in_o all_o his_o right_n that_o beatrix_n be_v the_o concubine_n not_o the_o wife_n of_o alphonsus_n and_o that_o the_o pope_n can_v not_o legitimate_a denis_n bear_v of_o adultery_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o robert_n the_o true_a heir_n of_o alphonsus_n also_o that_o all_o the_o king_n that_o have_v reign_v since_o denis_n for_o three_o hundred_o year_n make_v no_o prescription_n because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o prescription_n for_o the_o right_n of_o kingdom_n that_o right_o be_v propound_v to_o the_o estate_n of_o portugal_n be_v find_v too_o old_a and_o stale_a and_o injurious_a to_o all_o their_o king_n neither_o do_v they_o make_v any_o account_n of_o it_o beside_o the_o spanish_a historian_n affirm_v that_o alphonsus_n have_v no_o issue_n by_o mahaut_n and_o that_o among_o the_o protestation_n which_o mahaut_n make_v in_o portugal_n against_o alphonsus_n there_o be_v not_o one_o word_n of_o the_o injury_n which_o he_o do_v to_o her_o child_n which_o she_o will_v not_o have_v forget_v if_o she_o have_v have_v any_o yet_o that_o right_o may_v be_v defend_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o french_a historian_n and_o by_o this_o true_a allegation_n that_o neither_o a_o bastard_n nor_o his_o descent_n can_v prescribe_v against_o the_o lawful_a heir_n paragraphe_n iii_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n an._n 713._o when_o the_o saracen_n in_o vade_v spain_n inigo_n ximenes_n arista_n count_n of_o bigorre_n give_v a_o beginning_n to_o the_o little_a kingdom_n of_o suprarba_n within_o the_o pyrenees_n which_o a_o while_n after_o have_v spread_v into_o the_o vale_n take_v the_o name_n of_o navarra_n or_o navierras_n which_o in_o old_a spanish_a signify_v plain_a ground_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o two_o generous_a prince_n and_o great_a catholic_n resist_v the_o saracen_n in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o their_o invasion_n pelagius_n towards_o the_o astures_n which_o be_v leon_n and_o gallicia_n and_o this_o ximenes_n arista_n towards_o the_o pyrenees_n though_o the_o date_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o this_o ximenes_n be_v not_o so_o certain_a some_o historian_n make_v he_o latter_a upon_o which_o one_o may_v read_v the_o history_n of_o navarra_n write_v by_o favin_n 2._o these_o king_n of_o navarra_n in_o their_o begining_n make_v many_o conquest_n over_o the_o saracen_n and_o that_o family_n continue_v to_o sanchez_n the_o great_a who_o about_o the_o year_n 1035._o share_v all_o his_o estate_n among_o his_o three_o son_n of_o who_o the_o elder_a garcias_n have_v navarra_n to_o who_o many_o king_n succeed_v till_o that_o state_n fall_v to_o the_o house_n of_o france_n by_o the_o marriage_n of_o philip_n le_fw-fr bel_n with_o jane_n inheritrix_n of_o navarra_n countess_n of_o campagn_n and_o brie_n to_o who_o lewis_n hutin_n king_n of_o france_n and_o navarra_n succeed_v in_o her_o estate_n but_o he_o have_v no_o child_n but_o a_o daughter_n call_v jane_n which_o can_v not_o be_v queen_n of_o france_n he_o leave_v her_o navarra_n and_o so_o that_o state_n be_v soon_o separate_v from_o that_o of_o france_n that_o jane_n marry_v philip_n of_o the_o royal_a branch_n of_o eureux_fw-fr 3._o by_o that_o marriage_n the_o house_n of_o navarra_n become_v a_o royal_a french_a house_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o crown_n be_v to_o fall_v to_o woman_n as_o the_o other_o state_n of_o spain_n it_o pass_v not_o long_o after_o into_o the_o family_n of_o arragon_n by_o marriage_n and_o so_o again_o into_o the_o family_n of_o castilia_n and_o again_o into_o the_o family_n of_o foix_n after_o this_o manner_n 4._o charles_n the_o iii_o king_n of_o navarre_n grandchild_n to_o that_o jane_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n hutin_n have_v one_o only_a daughter_n call_v blanch_n marry_v to_o john_n prince_n and_o afterward_o king_n of_o arragon_n from_o that_o marriage_n come_v charles_n prince_n of_o viana_n who_o get_v a_o great_a but_o a_o ill_a renown_n in_o the_o history_n of_o spain_n for_o make_v war_n to_o his_o father_n and_o maintain_v himself_o against_o he_o in_o his_o state_n after_o his_o mother_n death_n that_o prince_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o courage_n die_v a_o bachelor_n the_o two_o other_o child_n of_o john_n of_o arragon_n and_o blanch_n of_o navarra_n be_v two_o daughter_n the_o elder_a blanch_n of_o arragon_n who_o have_v be_v marry_v with_o henry_n the_o iv_o king_n of_o castilia_n surname_v the_o impotent_a be_v separate_v from_o he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o impotency_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o other_o be_v eleanor_n wife_n to_o gaston_n the_o iv_o count_n of_o foix_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o father_n mother_n brother_n and_o sister_n succeed_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n and_o unite_v it_o to_o the_o house_n of_o foix._n she_o enjoy_v it_o but_o two_o month_n and_o a_o half_a and_o die_v an._n 1469._o her_o elder_a son_n gaston_n prince_n of_o viana_n be_v already_o dead_a and_o have_v leave_v by_o his_o wife_n magdalen_n daughter_n to_o charles_n the_o vii_o of_o france_n two_o child_n francis_z phoebus_n who_o succeed_v his_o grandfather_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n but_o enjoy_v it_o but_o four_o year_n and_o die_v unmarried_a and_o catherine_n de_fw-fr foix_n who_o succeed_v he_o and_o marry_v john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n son_n to_o alen_n d'_fw-fr abret_n a_o man_n of_o great_a note_n in_o gascony_n but_o not_o of_o a_o sovereign_a house_n yet_o descend_v from_o that_o amani_fw-la d'_fw-fr albret_n who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o v._o of_o france_n marry_v magaret_n of_o bourbon_n sister_n to_o jane_n queen_n of_o france_n and_o raise_v his_o house_n to_o a_o great_a splendour_n by_o that_o royal_a alliance_n &_o advance_v much_o the_o party_n of_o the_o french_a against_o the_o english_a 5._o john_n of_o albret_n and_o catherine_n de_fw-fr foix_n have_v a_o son_n call_v henry_n who_o be_v king_n of_o navarra_n and_o marry_v margaret_n sister_n to_o francis_n the_o first_o of_o france_n by_o who_o he_o have_v jane_n inheritrix_n of_o navarra_n jane_n be_v marry_v to_o antony_n of_o bourbon_n be_v by_o he_o motherof_o henry_n the_o iv_o of_o france_n father_n to_o lewis_n the_o xiii_o and_o grandfather_n to_o lewis_n the_o fourteen_o thus_o that_o house_n of_o navarra_n be_v unite_v with_o two_o great_a house_n in_o france_n yet_o not_o royal_a that_o of_o foix_n and_o that_o of_o albret_n and_o after_o to_o the_o royal_a house_n of_o bourbon_n and_o become_v so_o powerful_a in_o france_n that_o her_o possession_n from_o these_o three_o house_n much_o exceed_v the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a how_o the_o last_o king_n of_o navarra_n by_o the_o interest_n of_o their_o alliance_n and_o estate_n be_v oblige_v to_o follow_v the_o party_n of_o france_n now_o it_o happen_v an._n 1510._o after_o that_o lewis_n the_o xii_o have_v humble_v the_o venetian_n by_o the_o victory_n of_o aignadel_n and_o bring_v terror_n among_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n that_o pope_n julius_n the_o ii_o fall_v out_o with_o lewis_n and_o prosecute_v the_o quarrel_n with_o such_o animosity_n lewis_n on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v as_o fierce_a as_o he_o that_o the_o contention_n grow_v almost_o into_o a_o schism_n julius_n

fulfil_v he_o confirm_v also_o that_o peace_n with_o ferdinand_n which_o lewis_n the_o xii_o have_v make_v a_o little_a before_o he_o die_v 2._o his_o next_o work_n be_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n he_o pass_v into_o italy_n and_o win_v the_o battle_n of_o marignan_n in_o piedmont_n against_o the_o swisser_n who_o have_v undertake_v to_o maintain_v maximilian_n sforza_n in_o his_o new_a possession_n of_o milan_n which_o they_o have_v get_v for_o he_o he_o get_v milan_n maximilian_n sforza_n yield_v himself_o to_o he_o for_o a_o pension_n of_o threescore_o thousand_o crown_n and_o retire_v himself_o into_o france_n this_o be_v the_o three_o time_n that_o the_o french_a have_v get_v milan_n of_o the_o sforza_n 3._o francis_n and_o charles_n be_v both_o young_a and_o ambitious_a it_o can_v not_o be_v expect_v that_o they_o shall_v long_o live_v in_o peace_n because_o charles_n be_v bear_v a_o subject_n to_o france_n keep_v navarra_n which_o the_o house_n of_o albret_n have_v lose_v for_o adhere_v to_o france_n then_o ferdinand_n have_v expel_v the_o french_a out_o of_o naples_n wrongful_o say_v they_o this_o ferdinand_n die_v a_o 1516._o and_o charles_n inherit_v all_o these_o great_a state_n exalt_v to_o the_o height_n of_o greatness_n want_v nothing_o but_o the_o empire_n and_o austria_n which_o his_o grandfather_n maximilian_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o death_n three_o year_n after_o in_o the_o birth_n of_o these_o two_o eminent_a power_n which_o have_v cost_v so_o much_o blood_n and_o tear_n to_o the_o christian_a world_n before_o they_o have_v conceive_v that_o great_a hatred_n which_o be_v between_o they_o after_o the_o deputy_n of_o both_o side_n meet_v at_o noyon_n and_o this_o be_v call_v the_o treaty_n of_o noyon_n a_o 1516_o where_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o francis_n shall_v yield_v all_o his_o right_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n for_o a_o yearly_a pension_n of_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n 2._o that_o charles_n then_o call_v the_o archiduke_n shall_v marry_v lovise_v the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o francis_n instead_o of_o renee_n sister_n to_o the_o queen_n claude_n 3._o that_o the_o archduke_n shall_v restore_v the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n to_o henry_n son_n to_z john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n or_o in_o defect_n of_o it_o that_o he_o shall_v otherwise_o content_v he_o within_o six_o month_n the_o king_n and_o the_o archduke_n swear_v that_o treaty_n and_o give_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n the_o king_n that_o of_o st._n michael_n the_o archduke_n that_o of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n make_v a_o alliance_n for_o ever_o and_o to_o confirm_v it_o promise_v to_o have_v a_o interview_n at_o cambray_n but_o ferdinand_n be_v dead_a soon_o after_o charles_n made_z have_v to_o pass_v into_o spain_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o neglect_v the_o article_n of_o noyon_n especial_o the_o restitution_n of_o navarra_n 4._o yet_o for_o three_o year_n after_o nothing_o be_v stir_v on_o either_o side_n because_o martin_n luther_n have_v alarm_v all_o europe_n with_o his_o doctrine_n the_o pope_n leo_n the_o x_o procure_v a_o general_a truce_n for_o five_o year_n among_o all_o prince_n but_o maximilian_n the_o emperonr_n be_v dead_a a_o 1519._o and_o charles_n be_v increase_v with_o the_o inheritance_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n francis_n the_o i._o conceive_v a_o great_a indignation_n that_o a_o vassal_n of_o he_o shall_v have_v be_v prefer_v before_o he_o to_o the_o empire_n which_o he_o have_v be_v a_o suitor_n for_o with_o great_a earnestness_n which_o jealousy_n will_v never_o suffer_v these_o two_o prince_n to_o agree_v 5._o each_o of_o they_o have_v a_o great_a minister_n of_o state_n by_o their_o person_n francis_n have_v artus_n gouffier_n sieur_n de_fw-fr boissi_n great_a master_n of_o france_n charles_n have_v be_v breed_v by_o guillaume_n the_o crovy_a sieur_n de_fw-fr ceures_fw-fr who_o lewis_n the_o xii_o have_v recommend_v to_o he_o these_o two_o foresee_v the_o misfortune_n which_o the_o ambition_n of_o these_o two_o prince_n be_v draw_v upon_o christendom_n resolve_v to_o meet_v to_o make_v a_o peace_n and_o alliance_n for_o ever_o montpelier_n be_v the_o place_n choose_v for_o that_o meeting_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o boissi_n be_v come_v and_o begin_v to_o treat_v with_o ceure_n he_o fall_v into_o a_o fever_n and_o die_v leave_v that_o great_a work_n imperfect_a which_o no_o body_n since_o be_v able_a to_o finish_v paragraphe_n iii_o from_o the_o death_n of_o maximilian_n a_o 1519._o to_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n a_o 1525._o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n charles_n be_v make_v possessor_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o empire_n be_v possess_v before_o of_o the_o inheritance_n of_o burgundy_n arragon_n and_o castilia_n a_o greatness_n which_o swell_v his_o mind_n and_o make_v he_o loose_v his_o respect_n to_o francis_n he_o complain_v that_o francis_n have_v take_v claude_n from_o he_o the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o lewis_n the_o xii_o which_o be_v promise_v to_o he_o francis_n redemanded_a navarra_n naples_n and_o the_o homage_v for_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n which_o charles_n take_v to_o be_v too_o low_a for_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o emperor_n charles_n also_o complain_v that_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n the_o patrimony_n of_o his_o grandmother_n mary_n be_v keep_v from_o he_o and_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n belong_v to_o the_o sforza_n and_o to_o the_o empire_n the_o great_a fire_n of_o war_n which_o last_v forty_o year_n between_o these_o two_o house_n break_v out_o upon_o a_o very_a slender_a occasion_n robert_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n duke_n of_o bovillon_n adjudgd_v by_o the_o peer_n of_o his_o duchy_n which_o pretend_v themselves_o to_o be_v sovereign_n the_o town_n of_o hierges_n in_o ardennes_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o chimay_n of_o the_o house_n of_o crovi_n against_o the_o lord_n d'_fw-fr esmery_n to_o who_o the_o emperor_n give_v a_o writ_n of_o relief_n although_o robert_n pretend_v the_o judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n to_o be_v sovereign_a robert_n incense_v against_o the_o emperonr_n make_v his_o address_n to_o francis_n the_o i_o and_o offer_v he_o his_o service_n the_o king_n receive_v he_o courteous_o yet_o forbid_v his_o subject_n to_o assist_v he_o not_o willing_a to_o break_v with_o the_o emperor_n but_o robert_n proud_a to_o have_v the_o protection_n of_o france_n denounce_v war_n to_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v then_o at_o worm_n to_o pacify_v the_o trouble_n rise_v in_o germany_n about_o luther_n and_o attempt_n to_o surprise_v some_o place_n in_o luxemburg_n but_o the_o emperor_n present_o seize_v upon_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o little_a prince_n and_o constrain_v he_o to_o ask_v he_o pardon_v reproach_v francis_n in_o a_o odious_a manner_n for_o receive_v his_o rebellious_a subject_n about_o the_o same_o time_n francis_n upon_o the_o inexecution_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o noyon_n charles_n refuse_v to_o make_v restitution_n of_o navarra_n to_o henry_n d'_fw-fr albret_n take_v the_o quarrel_n of_o that_o dispossess_v prince_n and_o send_v andrew_n de_fw-fr foix_n lord_n de_fw-fr esparre_n brother_n to_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr lautre_fw-fr into_o navarra_n where_o the_o french_a do_v some_o exploit_n at_o the_o first_o but_o be_v soon_o repel_v by_o the_o spaniard_n charles_n take_v that_o enterprise_n for_o a_o infraction_n of_o the_o peace_n between_o the_o two_o house_n though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o succour_n give_v to_o a_o confederate_n of_o france_n to_o prosecute_v his_o right_n he_o make_v great_a preparative_n of_o war_n make_v leo_n the_o x_o break_v which_o the_o france_n &_o join_v with_o he_o promise_v that_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o milan_n he_o will_v give_v to_o the_o church_n the_o town_n of_o parma_n and_o placentia_n member_n of_o that_o duchy_n to_o which_o the_o pope_n have_v some_o old_a pretence_n such_o be_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o first_o war_n between_o francis_n and_o charles_n a_o 1521._o the_o first_o three_o or_o four_o year_n there_o be_v great_a exploit_n in_o champagne_n in_o navarra_n in_o provence_n and_o in_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n in_o tierasche_n the_o emperor_n take_v mouzon_n and_o besiege_a mezieres_n which_o anne_n the_o mommorency_n who_o since_o be_v constable_n of_o france_n and_o chevalier_n bayard_n defend_v brave_o and_o francis_n take_v bapaume_n and_o landrecy_n from_o the_o emperor_n and_o give_v he_o the_o chase_n in_o navarra_n the_o french_a have_v advance_v but_o little_a in_o the_o year_n 1519._o and_o 1520._o but_o in_o the_o year_n 1521._o the_o admiral_n of_o bonnivet_n besiege_v fontarabie_n and_o take_v it_o and_o make_v monsteur_fw-fr du_fw-fr lude_n governor_n of_o the_o same_o who_o be_v besiege_v a_o whole_a year_n by_o the_o spaniard_n defend_v it_o with_o great_a valour_n till_o la_fw-fr palisse_n since_o marshal_v of_o france_n