Persians Hussan Cassan possess'd himself of that Kingdom he succeeded Sophys Kings of Persia the Hermit Sophy from whence came the Sophyes who have Reigned in Persia to this time From Christ 1463. Pius the Second died No private Person ever laboured more than Aeneas Silvius to restrain the Authority of the Popes within the limits of their antient Popes Cannons yet no Pope ever took more pains to extend the Papal Power beyond all bounds He obtained of Lewis the Eleventh to abolish the pragmatick Sanction which were Rules extracted from The pragmatick Sanction what had been resolved in the Council of Constance and Basle to curb the exorbitant Authority of the Popes These Rules had been received in France where they were in form and force as Laws The Emperor Albert the Second died leaving his Empress big with Child She Kings of Hungary and Bohemia was delivered of a Son called Ladislaus who succeeded his Father in the Kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia Frederic the Third Cousin to Albert and Frederic the Third Emperor of the same House of Austria was Successor to the Empire The young King Ladislaus dying before he was marryed the Hungarians chose for their King Mathias Corvin Son Mathias Corvin King of Hungary of John Huniades a great Captain who had made himself famous in the War against the Turks The Bohemians for their part chose for George Polebrac King of Bohemia their King George Polebrac one of the Grandees of their Country This King being of the Evangelick Faith protected those of that Religion in his Kingdom Paul the Second called Barbaro Avenetian succeeded Pius the Second Then to Popes Paul succeeded a Cordelier named Riara who was stiled Sixtus the Fourth Charles the last Duke of Burgundy had Charles the last Duke of Burgundy defeated by the Switzers continually waged War with Lewis King of France He had conquered Lorraine of Rayner who had Right to the Kingdom of Naples and was Duke of Anjou He endeavoured to subject the Switzars which Design proved fatal to him for they overcame him twice in their Country where he went to attack them at Granzona and at Morat and the third time near to Nancy which he Besieged making War against Rayner King of Naples and Duke of Lorraine Charles having been His Death killed in this last Battel From Christ 1477. Mary Daughter and Heiress married to Maximillian of Austria His Daughter and Heiress Maria marryed Maximilian Son to Frederic the Third Emperor By this Marriage she brought to the House of Austria the Sovereignty of the seventeen Provinces in the Low-Countries with the County of Burgundy the Dutchy having been reunited to the Crown of France by King Lewis the Eleventh There was another Heiress who had The Right of the Kingdom of Cyprus brought the Right of the Kingdom of Cyprus to the House of Savoy She was Charlotta the only Daughter to John the Second of Lusignan King of Cyprus By marrying Lewis Duke of Savoy who having In the House of Savoy no Children she bequeath'd her Kingdom by Testament But James her Bastard-Brother having took possession of Cyprus Catharina Cornaro his Widdow To the Venetians transferr'd to the Venetians the Right she pretended to that Kingdom of which the Venetians put themselves into a present Possession The House of the Medices having for sometime swayed the Government of Florence several Conspirators of other A Conspiracy against the Medices great Families of that City supported by the Pope set upon the two Brothers Julian and Laurence in a Church at the time of Mass where Julian was killed Laurence having saved Himself did stir up the People against the Conspirators some of them were hanged up in the heat Among others Salviati Archbishop of Pisa From Christ 1478. The Pope employ'd his Arms Spiritual and Temporal against the Florentines but they maintained the War with Forces the King of France sent them under the Command of Philip de Comines whose Name is Philip Comines famous for his curious and judicious Memoirs After the Death of Edward the Fourth King of England his Son Edward the Fifth tho' a Child was presently after Affairs of England kill'd with Richard his Brother by Richard their Uncle who usurpd ' the Crown From Christ 1483. Lewis the Eleventh King of France died a Prince who had Reigned with Of France more absolute Power than any of his Predecessors for which reason some write that he invested the Kings with more Regal Authority others that he had exalted them beyond all sense and reason His great Qualities were attended with as many ill ones as Cruelty Injustice and Hypocrisy and about the end of his Reign he fell into very great imbecility by his fear of Death His only Son Charles the Eighth very young succeeded him John Cibo a Genouese under the Name Popes of Innocent the Eighth succeeded Sixtus the Fourth Henry the Seventh made himself King of England having overcome and killed in Battel Richard the Third Henry was of Affairs of England the House of Lancaster by his Mothers side He united the two Houses York and Lancaster who were Enemies by marrying Mary of York Daughter to Edward the Fourth and Sister to Edward the Fifth From Christ 1485. Ferdinand King of Arragon and his Granada taken from the Saracens Wife Izabella Queen of Castille took Granada from Boadilla the last King of the Saracens in Spain From Christ 1492. A little while after Christopher Colombus Christopher Columbus a Genouese found out the new World with great Success and infinite Advantage to Ferdinand and Izabella From Christ 1494. King Charles went into Italy where all Charles the Eighth in Italy the Cities received him as Conqueror so he entered Rome where Alexander the Sixth Successor to Innocent the Eighth either could not or durst not oppose him from thence he march'd to the Kingdom of Naples and made himself Master of it with incredible facility His Design was to carry on the War even to Constantinople to which end he had delivered from the hands of the Pope Zizim Brother to Bajazet the Second to make use of him against Bajazet but the Design miscarried by the Death of Zizim but chiefly by the League the Pope the Venetians and Lodowike Sforza Duke of Millan made against the King to fight him as he came back The Battel was fought The Battel of Fornova near Fornova a Village near to Piacenza where the King wholly routed them tho' they were six times more in number than those of his Army but the French lost the Kingdom of Naples in as short a time as they had Conquered it that there remained to them nothing more than a filthy The Neopolitan Disease Disease which cannot modestly be named Two Years after Charles being dead Lewis Duke of Orleans first Prince of the Blood succeeded him The new King broke off his Marriage with
Jeane the Daughter of Lewis the Eleventh and Sister Affairs of France to the last King marrying his Widow Ann Dutchess of Britany In a short time he march'd into Italy and retook the Dutchy of Millan from that Traytor and Usurper Lodowike Sforza whom he sent Prisoner into France where he died From Christ 1500. THE Sixteenth Age. THE King having made that Conquest Frederic King of Naplâ—s dyed a Prisoner in France in his own Person regained also the Kingdom of Naples by his Lieutenant Generals who took King Frederic Lewis treated him very honourably even to his Death which hapned in France where he was kept a Prisoner with great respect From Christ 1501. Alexander the Sixth died of Poyson Popes he drank by a mistake of his Servants having prepared it for the Cardinal Cornetto This Pope had great Qualities and among them very ill ones the same as his Sons especially the Eldest Caesar Borgia From Christ 1503. Pius the Third Picolomini Nephew to Benet the Second having held the See but twenty days Julius the Second was chose in his place From Christ 1504. Ferdinand King of Arragon retakes the The King of Arragon retakes the Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Naples from the French by his General Gonzalvo the Spaniards called him the great Captain From Christ 1505. The Genoueses who had submitted to The Genoueses punish'd for their Revolt by K. Lewis King Lewis did Revolt but King Lewis severely punish'd them for it From Christ 1507. King Lewis marched into Italy to preserve the Millanese He gained the Battel The Battel of Gyra D' Adda called Gyra D'Adda from the Venetians and others confederated against him From Christ 1509. Three years after the French obtained The Battel of Ravenna another Victory at Ravenna over the Popes Army in League with the Venetians This Battel fought on Easter-Day proved dismal to the Conquerors their General Gaston du Foy Duke of Nemours was killed The Duke of Nemours killed Nephew to the King as he was too hotly persuing those who fled From Christ 1512. By his Death the French Army disbanded themselves which occasioned the loss of all had been got in Italy The Re-establishment of Maximillian Sforza in the Maximillian Sforza Duke of Millan The Council of Pisa and Millan come to nothing Dutchy of Millan and the Dissolution of the Council which the King had caused to be Assembled at Pisa and was from thence transferred to Millan in opposition to the Pope These Assemblies proved at last to be of no effect Benhemet an Arabian reputed a Saint persuaded the Inhabitants of Fez and Morocco The Kingdoms of Fez and Morocco that he was of the Line of Mahomet upon which they received him for King of those two Kingdoms From Christ 1513. Julius the Second finding himself strong enough to fall violently on the French by reason of the ill Success of their Affairs in Italy was prevented in his Design by Death His Successor was Leo the Tenth Popes of the House of Medices a young Person about Thirty six years old who had more Moderation than his old Predecessors had for King Lewis for so soon as he was made Pope he reconciled his See to France King Lewis had marryed Ann Dutchess of Britany Dowager to Charles his Predecessor She had four Sons by her first Husband but they died before their Father She had but two Daughters by the second After her Death Lewis married Mary The Affairs of France and England the Daughter of Henry the Seventh King of England and Sister to Henry the Eighth who then succeeded his Father From Christ 1514. Lewis lived but one year after his late Kings of France Marriage A Prince who had no very ill Qualities but many excellent ones which acquired him the name of Father of his People He leaving no Sons Francis Duke of Angolesme succeeded him being next Prince of the Blood King Lewis made him marry Claudia his eldest Daughter He had by his first Wise Ann of Britany From Christ 1515. The new King presently march'd to The Battel of Marrignan Conquer the Dutchy of Millan which succeeded happily to him having defeated a great Army of Switzers near to Marignan Tho' this great Success did not please the Pope yet he came to Bolognia where he conferred with the King The Agreement between the Pope and the King There he made the Concordate concerning the Provision of the great Benifices of the Kingdom upon condition that the King should name them and the Pope should have a years Revenue out of each Benefice Selim Emperor of the Turks had conquered Egypt and all that depended on The Conquests of Sultan Selim that Empire of the Mamalukes or Sultans of Egypt This formidable Enemy threatned Italy which made the Pope to publish a Croisade against him They to whom the Pope had given Commission to preach it up and to collect Money for Indulgencies which were distributed to those who would contribute to the Expence of that Expedition behaved rhemselves so very insolently in that Employment especially Martin Luther in Germany that Martin Luther of the Order of the Augustins supported by Frederic Duke of Saxony took upon him to preach against this enormous Abuse From Christ 1516. Maximillian had succeeded in the Empire to Frederic the Third Philip the Son of Maximillian had marryed Jane Daughter of Ferdinand King of Arragon and of Izabella Queen of Castille Philip dying before his Father left two Sons Charles and Ferdinand This Year Charles was Charles V. Emperor elected Emperor after the Death of Maximilian his Grand-father From Christ 1519. The French lost Millain with their other The French driven out of Italy Conquests in Italy It is said that Pope Leo died with extream Joy of it His Successor was Adrian the Sixth born Popes at Utrech who had been Tutor to the Emperour Charles the Fifth From Christ 1522. Solyman the Second Emperor of the Rhodes taken by Solyman from the Knights-Hospitallers They go to Malta Popes Turks took Rhodes from the Knights-Hospitallers After they had wandred about for some time the Emperor Charles gave them the Isle of Malta where they still reside From Christ 1523. Julian de Medices under the Name of Clement the Seventh succeeded Adrian King Francis having past a second time K. Francis taken Prisoner before Pavia into Italy was taken Prisoner before Pavia by the Generals of the Emperor Charles the Fifth From Christ 1525. After a Year's Imprisonment this King He is set at Liberty was set at liberty on such Conditions as the States of his Kingdom would not allow of From Christ 1526. The Pope having left the Emperor's Rome plunder'd Party the Imperial Army commanded by the Duke of Bourbon took and plunder'd Rome This Duke had quitted France upon The Duke of Bourbon killed some kind of Discontent He was killed as he entred
Rome some few paces from the Breach The Pope being made a Prisoner in the The Pope made a Prisoner escap'd Castle of St. Angelo was kept there for six Months from whence he escap'd and was reconciled to the Emperor Who gave his Natural Daughter in Marriage to The Medices are Sovereigns of Florence Andrea Doria a Genouese the chief of the House of the Medices of which was the Pope So the Medices became Sovereigns of Tuscany Andrea Doria behaved himself better towards Genoa his Country For having abandoned the King of France's Service in which he had been a long time engaged offered himself to the Emperor upon Condition that the Liberty of his Country should be preserved From Christ 1530. The Peace made between the Emperor A Peace between the Emperor and the King The Siege of Vienna raised and the King of France forced Solyman to raise the Siege of Vienna The Separation of England from the Church of Rome occasioned by the Divorce of Henry the Eighth and his Queen Catherine of Arragon John Calvin was called to Geneva to John Calvin at Geneva make a Reformation of Religion From Christ 153â— The Emperor Charles the Fifth passed Charles V. in Barbary over into Barbary took Tunis and there re-establish'd Mulâ—y Hassan who had been deposed by the famous Corsair Barbarossa In his Return from that Expedition the Emperor lost a great part of his Ships and Galleys in a Storm He was also as unfortunate in an Enterprize He came tâ— Provence and retired with great loss of his Soldiers against France He came into Provence without acting any thing there he was constrained to retire with the loss of the greatest part of his vast Army A Peace being made he past through A Peace with France France in order to quell the Rebellion of Gaunt From Christ 1541. But having not perform'd what he promis'd A War broke out again to the King of France when he past through his Country the War broke out again between them From Christ 1543. Then followed the Battle of Cerisolles The Battle of Cerisolles won by the French under the Conduct of the Duke D'Anguien Francis of Bourbon over the Imperialists Then a Peace was concluded between A Peace the two Potentates each of them being at the Head of a powerful Army upon the Frontiers of the Low Countries From Christ 1545. Edward the Sixth succeeded his Father Kings of England Henry the Eighth King of England Francis King of France died also and his Kings of France Son Henry succeeded him To Clement the Seventh succeeded Paul Popes the Third who appointed a Council to assemble at Mantua then at Vicenza and at last at Trent without having effected The Council of Trent any considerable Bus'ness This Pope gave the Dutchy of Parma and Plaizance to Lodowick Farnese one of his Sons From Christ 1549. The Cardinal d' Monte under the Name of Julius the Third succeeded Paul the Third The Emperor had weakned the Protestant The Battle at the pass of the Elb. Princes of Germany by defeating their Army at the passage of the Elb. Then they had recourse to King Henry A War between the Emperor and the King Metz Toul and Verdun taken by the King who in his March to Germany seized on Metz Toul and Verdun The Emperor having afterwards besieged Metz was forc'd to raise the Siege by the wise and couragious Defence of the Duke of Guize From Christ 1553. The young King Edward of England being dead his Sister Mary was acknowledg'd The Siege of Metz raised Affairs of England Queen After that she beheaded her Cousin the Lady Jane Grey with her Husband the Lord Dudley From Christ 1554. The Emperor Charles resigned his Hereditary Of the Empire and of Spain Dominions to his Son Philip and Ferdinand King of the Romans younger Brother to Charles was acknowledg'd Emperor Julius the Third died and Twenty one Popes Days after his Successor Marcellus Paul the Fourth of the House of Caraffa in the Kingdom of Naples was chose Pope From Christ 1557. The War being inflamed between the The Battle of St. Quintin Kings of France and Spain Philip in Person won the Battle of St. Quintin of the French where the Constable and many other Lords of Quality were made Prisoners The Duke of Guize in some manner The taking of Calais repaired this Loss in taking of Calais upon which Mary Queen of England died with Grief She had succeeded her Brother Affairs of England Edward the Sixth and having married her near Kinsman Philip King of Spain she was engaged in this War From Christ 1558. Elizabeth Daughter to Henry the Eighth by Anne of Bullen succeeded her Sister Queen Mary A Peace was made between Henry and A Peace between France Spain Philip by the Marriage of Elizabeth with Philip and that of Margaret Sister to Henry with the Duke of Savoy In a Turnament held at Paris in Honour of these Nuptials the King Tilting against the Count of Montgomery was wounded in the Eye by a Splinter of the Count's Lance of which he died in a few Days He had put to Death a great Number of Hugonets among others he condemned Ann du Bourg a Counsellor of the Parliament The Death of Bourg of Paris and swore that he would see him executed but his unexpected Death prevented him Yet some Days after Du Bourg suffered Death with great Resolution in the Presence of the young King the Queen-Mother and all the Court. Paul the Fourth had for his Successor Popes Pius the Fourth of the House of the Medices or of the Medâ—quiâ—s of Milâ—aiâ— The Conspiracy of Amboise was then The Conspiracy of Amboise made against the Duke of Guize and the Cardinal of Lorrain to take away the King from their Custody by the Grandees of the Kingdom who professed the Reformed Religion pretending that those two Princes kept the King as Prisoner From Christ 1560. In an Assembly held at Fountainbleau it was there resolved to call a National Council to prevent which the Pope again declared for that of Trent begun by Paul the The Council of Trent Third continued by Julius the Third and broke off under both Popes In the mean time the States of France assembled Affairs of France at Orleans where the Prince of Conde was made Prisoner and had been put to Death but for the sudden Death of the young King Francis the Second Charles the Ninth his Brother being yet a Child succeeded him under the Tuition and Regency of his Mother Catherine de Medices From Christ 1561. The Conference held at Poissy between The Conference at Poissy the Doctors of both Religions had no good effect The Affairs of France being much embroil'd on the Account of Religion the Guizes being Masters of the King's Person the Queen-Mother writ to the Prince of Conde to come
Success Under his Papacy were publish'd the Pontifical Ordinances called the Decretals as in the former Age Gratian had compiled the Decrees under the Authority of Alexander the Third In the Emperor Frederick's time began the two implacable Factions of the Guelfs and Gibellines From Christ 1241. Celestine the Fourth having enjoyed the Popes See of Rome but eighteen Days the Chair was vacant for the space of twenty Months at the end of which was chose Innocent the Fourth who went into France to act more powerfully against the Emperor Frederic The Pope assembled a Council at Lyons The Council of Lyons Cardinals in purple where the Cardinals were cloathed in Purple by Virtue of a Decree of that Council Frederick having been a little while excommunicated had forfeited his Right to the Empire which the Pope offered to Robert Brother to the King of France but the good King refused it offering on his part a Mediation to reconcile the Quarrel The Pope not regarding the King's Offer combined with a Party of the German Princes who chose for their Emperor Henry Lantgrave of Turinge Henry Lantgrave of Turing who soon after dying they elected William Count of Holland Emperor William Count of Holland From Christ 1246. King Lewis beng engaged in the Croysade went into Aegypt against the Sultan there he took Damietta and defeated the Mamulecks in two great Battles but in the third this good King's Army was wholly routed and himself taken Prisoner with the chief of his Nobility He was set at Liberty paying a Ransome of Four hundred thousand Livres He went into Palestine and at last returned back to France six Years after he had left it From Christ 1254. Frederick the Second being dead Conrad Conrad the Fourth Emperor the Fourth was chosen Emperor by a Party of the German Princes But finding himself strong enough to maintain his Right in Germany he retired into his Kingdom of Naples where he was poyson'd by his Brother Manfred a Bastard of Frederick the Second Alexander the Fourth succeeded Innocent Popes the Fourth From Christ 1255. William Count of Holland having been killed in a War against the Frizons one Party of the Princes chose for their Emperor Alphonso King of Castile Another Party Alphonso King of Castile and Richard Duke of Cornwal Emperorâ— Richard Duke of Cornwal Brother to Henry King of England Richard was crowned at Aix la Chapelle Alphonso never came into Germany From Christ 1257. The History of this Age makes mention of a Prince in the Levant whose Dominion was among the Mountains of Armenia The Antient of the Mountains from whence he was called the Antient of the Mountains and had likewise the name of Prince of the Arsacides or Assassins who by promising an imaginary Paradice persuaded all his Subjects to kill whom he pleased Robert of Sorbonne from the name of a The Collâ—dge of Sorbonne Village near Paris where he was Born founded the famous Colledge which still bears his Name in that great City Alexander the Fourth died and had for his Successor Urban the Fourth Son of a Popes Shoemaker in Troyes in Campagne this Pope instituted that superstitious Ceremony of carrying the Host in publick Procession and causing it to be ador'd Baldwin Emperor of Constantinople being The Latins drove out of Constantinople absent from that City Michael Paleologus drove out the Latins who had ruled the Empire for the space of Fifty seven Years Urban the Fourth died he had transferr'd to Charles of Anjou Brother to King Popes Lewis of France the Right of the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily which the Bastard Manfred had usurp'd o're Conradin Son to the Emperor Conrade From Christ 1264. Clement the Fourth a Frenchman like his Predecessor continuing to support Charles of Anjou King of Naples and Sicily Charles put himself in possession of the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily after he had defeated in Battel the young Conradin who being afterwards with his Cousin Frederick Duke of Austriche fallen into Contradin and Frederic beheaded Manfred killed the hands of Charles he caused them publickly to be Beheaded the Bastard Manfred having been before killed in a Battel Charles had won against him From Christ 1268. King Lewis of France made a second A Croyzade Croyzade with Edward Son to Henry King of England Prince Edward taking the way to Palestine and the King the way to Africk where he took Carthage which was then considerable only for its Name after that he besieged Tunis and dyed at The Death of Saint Lewis that Siege of the Plague which infected his Army From Christ 1270. Philip the Third called le Hardi his Philip the Third King of France eldest Son succeeded him Robert the youngest of his Sons Count of Clermont was chief of the Branch of Bourbon St. Sons and Brothers of St. Lewis Lewis had three Brothers Robert Count of Artois who was chief of one Branch and Charles Count of Anjou King of Naples made another Branch Alphonso Count of Poitou left no Issue by his Wife Daughter and Heiress to Raymond Count of Tholouze From Christ 1271. After the Death of Clement the Fourth Popes the See of Rome was vacant for two or three years about the end of which the Arch-Deacon of Liege was elected under the Name of Gregory the Tenth From Christ 1273. The Emperor Richard being dead the Princes of Germany having no regard for Alphonso King of Castille chose for Emperor Rodolphus Count of Hapsburg a little Rodolphus Emperor Signory in the County of Berne Gregory confirmed this Election in a Council held at Lyons where Alphonso resigned by Proxy A Council at Lyons his pretensions to the Empire From Christ 1274. Michael Paleologus being in Person at that Michael Paleologus Emperor of the East Council where having acknowledged the Authority of the Pope he was there declared and confirmed Emperor of the East In the same year died Gregory the Tenth he had three Successors in a very short time Innocent the Fifth Adrian the Fifth Popes and John the One and twentieth who all held the See but a few days After the Death of the last was chosen Nicholas the Third of the House of Ursini From Christ 1276. Otochaire King of Bohemia to whom Otochaire King of Bohemia overcome by Rodolphus Rodolphus had been an Officer refusing to obey the Emperor was forc'd to submit From Christ 1277. Having been overcome in a Battel by Rodolphus who took from him the Marquisate of Austria which Rodolphus gave The Surname of Austria to his Son Albert he and his Successors taking the surname of Austria From Christ 1278. To Nicholaus the Third succeeded Martin the Fifth who being a Frenchman Popes heard with great regret the news of the horrible Massacre which the Sicilians committed on the French at the hour of Vespers Sicilian Vespers Peter King of Arragon seized
Sicily on Easter-day Whereupon Peter King of Arragon seized on Sicily to which he pretended a Right by his Wife Constantia Daughter to the Bastard Manfred From Christ 1282. Martin the Fifth and Charles of Anjou The Death of Pops and the Kings of France and Naples King of Naples died with Grief for what hapned in Sicily And King Philip of France also died highly troubled at the loss of a great Army he had sent to seize Arragon upon the Interdiction the Pope had laid on that Kingdom because King Peter as has been mentioned had by treachery made himself Master of Sicily From Christ 1285. Charles the Second called le Boiteux or Their Successors the lame Prince succeeded his Father in the Kingdom of Naples Philip the Fourth called le Bel succeeeded his Father in France To Martin the Fifth succeeded Honorius the Fourth who dying about the end Popes of two years had for his Successor a Cordelier called Nicolaus the Fourth From Christ 1287. The Croyzade this Pope had caused to be preach'd up had very little effect The Sultan took Acre the only City that remained to the Latins in Palestine After the Death of Nicolaus the Fourth the Chair was vacant fifteen Months At length the Cardinals chose a devout Hermit called Peter Moron who took the Name of Celestin the Fifth From Christ 1294. This good Man being highly disgusted Celestin resigns the papacy at the Grandure attended the Papacy was easily persuaded to Resign to the Cardinal of Cajeta who took the Name of Boniface Boniface the Eighth the Eighth This Pope kept his Predecessor Celestin under Confinement where The Celestin Monks he spent the remainder of his days with those Monks he had formerly instituted who from his Papal Name were called Celestins From Christ 1295. The Emperor Rodolphus died in the year 1291. He was so overpersuaded that the Voyages his Predecessors made into Italy had been unfortunate to them which diverted him from going there and likewise made him neglect to keep up his Authority in those Parts so that he made Sale of the Franchises of the Towns of Severaâ— Repâ—blick in Italy Pisa Pistoya Genoa Luca Sienna and Florence which became so many Republicks The Popes also did not let slip that opportunity to establish themselves more firmly in their Temporal Soveraignties Adolphus of Nassau elected in the place Adolphus of Nassau Emperor of Rodolphus Reigned with very little good Fortune being Deposed at the end of four years or as others say six years and some months by a Party of the German Albert of Austria Eâ—peror Princes who set up Albertus Mâ—rquess of Austria Son to R 〈…〉 s The War between these two Competitors ended in a Battel where Adolphus was overcome and killed by Albert with his own Hand From Christ 1298. Pope Boniface concludes this Century The Institution of the Jubilee with the Celebration of a Jubilee which he instituted to be Celebrated every hundred years From Christ 1300. He suborn'd a certain Person by thrusting a hollow Cane into a hole in the Wall of Celestin his Predecessors Chamber to mutter these words to the Pope as he lay in Bed Celestin if thou wilt be happy resign the Pontificate THE Fourteenth Age. THe Pope and King Philip le Bell fell A Quarreâ— between Boniface and Philip le Bel. out upon occasion of the Popes pretended Right of Sovereignty over all Kingdoms This Quarrel lasted till the Death of Boniface which befell him by the means of William de Nogaret a French Captain and Seiarra Colonna an Italian Exile sent by King Philip into Italy to seize on the Pope which they performed and kill'd him in Prison From Christ 1303. Benet the Eleventh of the Order of the Dominicans being his Successor disannul'd Popes all that Boniface had acted against King Philip. Benet having held the See no more than eight Months it was vacant eleven Months at the end of which the King made Bertram of Goot Archbishop of Bourdeaux to be chosen under the Name of Clement the Fifth At his Coronation performed at Lyons in the presencc of King Philip John Duke of Bretany was killed by the tall of a Wall as the Duke was leading the Popes Mule by the Bridle Charles Count of Valois Brother to the King was maim'd and the Pope having his Miter struck off lost a Jasper of a great price He translated the Papal See to the City of Avignon in France where it continued 70 years From Christ 1304. The Emperor Albert having been kill'd by the Sons of the Emperor Adolphus King Philip had a design to have his Brother Charles Count of Valois to be elected but the Pope fearing by that means that France would become too powerful prevented the Design persuading the Electors Henry the â—â—venth Emperor to give the Empire to Henry the Seventh Count of Luxemberg From Christ 1308. Charles le Boisteux King of Naples had Kings of Hungary â—nd Naples marryed his Son Charles called Martel with the Daughter and Heiress of Stephen King of Hungary Martel dying leaving a Son named Corobert who representing his Father had all the right to succeed him in the Kingdom of Naples however his Uncle Robert carryed it before him From Christ 1309. The Knights Hospitalers of St. John of Tâ—â— Hosp◠〈…〉 Rhodes Jerusalem took the Isle of Rhodes and there establish'd the principal Seat of their Order From Christ 1310. At the Council held at Vienna by Clement the order of the Templers was Abolish'd The Hospitallers had some part The Templers abolish'd with the Beguars and the Beguins of their Lands yet King Philip had the greatest share They raced out also in the same Council the Beguars and the Beguins a sort of Fryars and Nuns accused for very great Disorders in their Life and of Errors in their Faith From Christ 1310. The Emperor Henry the Seventh going The Emperor Henry the Seventh poysoâ—'d in the Sacrument into Italy to re-establish the Rights of the Empire died there as 't is believed poysoned by one Bernadine a Predicant Fryar as he gave him the Sacrament From Christ 1313. Pope Clement and King Philip died both at the same time The Pope and the King summon'd at the first Day by the Great Master of the Templers Lewis Hutin King of France The Great Master of the Templers at the Hour of his Execution summoned both the Pope and the King to appear before the Tribunal of God The Pope died in forty Days and the King within a Year From Christ 1314. Lewis the Tenth called Hutin or the Contentious reigned but two Years during which time the See of Rome was vacant At length the Cardinals having impower'd James of Ossa Son to a Shooe-maker Pope John the 22th of Cahors who was of their College to name a Pope he chose himself under the Name of John the Two and twentieth From Christ 1316. The Electors divided
Storm all manner of Cruelties upon the Inhabitants the Library which waâ— stored with most choice and excellent B 〈…〉 s was removed part of them to Munick and part to Rome A Peace concluded in France with the Protestants at Montpellier but not lasting Christian Duke of Brunswick invaded The Duke of Brunswick took Westphalia Westphalia and carried away a vast Treasure out of the Cathedral of Paderburne with the image of St. Liberius their Patron all of massy Silver Osman the Son of Ac 〈…〉 et Emperor Osman strangled and Mustapha Emperor of the Turks was strangled and Mustapha advanced in his room whom Osman before had imprisoned From Christ 1622. Maximillian Duke of Bavaria was created Elector of the Empire in the room of the Palatine Frederic and the Dignity granted to his Heirs Frederic with his Heirs being removed from that Title for making War against the Emperor King James entered into a War for King James made Waâ— with the Emperor about the Palatinate the recovery of the Palatinate Frankendale having been a long time besieged surrendred to the Spaniards Spinola who a little before had taken Breda from the Hollanders was forced to rise from before Bergen ap Zome upon Mansfeild's march to its Relief Gregory the Fifteenth died and Urban the Eighth a Florentine elected to succeed Popes Charles the Son of James the First Charles I. takes a Voyage into Spain thro' France King of Great Britain Prince of Wales travel 〈…〉 hro ' France into Spain and arriving safe at Madrid on the 17th of March and staying there till the 9th of September returned to London on the 16th of October From Christ 1622. Peace between his Holiness and the A peace between the Pope and the King of Spain King of Spain upon condition of Restoring the Valtolin to his Holiness Christian Duke of Brunswick defeated by Tilly and several great Persons taken prisoners Mustapha Emperor of the Turks who Mustapha resigned up the Empire of the Turks Amurath made Emperor was the last year in the room of his Nephew Osman freely Abdicated the Empire and Resign'd it to Amurath the Brother of Osman a Youth of 16 years of Age. Others say that having Reign'd a Year after the Death of Osman he was shut up in Prison 1623. Armandus Plessy Richelieu first Bishop of Cardinal de Richelieu his Administration Lusson then made a Cardinal obtained the Supream Administration of France under Lewis the XIII who gave up all things to his Management In which Office some things he did Honourably for his Reputation other things tyrannically and cruelly The Jesuits with other Popish Orders The Jesuits banisht England who upon the Marriage of Charles the First with Henrietta Maria the French King's Sister crowded into England within a short time after are commanded to depart the Kingdom On the other side the Protestant Ministers The Protestant Mininisters and their Religion proscribed by the â—mperor are proscribed out of Austria Bohemia and Moravia by the Emperor's Edict and all the Exercise of the Reformed Religion forbidden within his Territories The Tartars designing an Irruption into Poland with fourty thousand Men were The Tartars over-thrown by the Poles stoutly repulsed and received a very great Overthrow Marc Antonio de Dominis Archbishop of The Archb. of Spalato chang'd his Religion Spalato came into England and pretended to change his Religion was kindly entertain'd by King James the First But he not thinking the Preferment the King gave him sufficient return'd this Year to Rome where he made his Recantation but notwithstanding that he was clapt up in the the Castle of St. Angelo where he died this Year and his Body being burnt for his Apostacy his Ashes were thrown into the River Tibers A terrible Battle was fought between The Turks beaten by the Tartars the Turks and the Tartars where the Turks were overthrown with an extraordinary slaughter Urban the Eighth with the usual Procession The Year of Jubilee opened the Sacred Gate in St. Peter's Church and began the Year of Jubilee 1624. James the First King of Great Britain The Death of King James the First departed this Life the 66. year of his Age to whom succeeded Charles the First his Son Maurice Prince of Orange Governour The Death of Maurice prince of Orange of the United Provinces died in the 58. year of his Age to whom succeeded in the Government his Brother Frederic Henry by the Election of the States A great Plague in London whereof died A gr 〈…〉 plagâ—â— in London thirty thousand four hundred and seventeen Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden came The King of Sweden took Riga with a Fleet to Riga and made himself Master of several Cities of Livonia possess'd by the Polanders Breda which Prince Maurice had won by a Stratagem from the Spaniards is by them again recovered A War between the Emperor and the Breda retaken by the Spaniards King of Denmark with various Success A Confederacy between the King of England Sweden and Denmark with the A War between the Emperour and the K. of Denmark States General of the United Provinces for fifteen years to carry on the War against the King of Spain against whom also the King of England declared War by Sea and Land A Confeder against Spain Charles the 1. Married Charles the First of England married to Henrietta Maria Daughter to Henry the Fourth King of France The Bores in Austria took up Arms in order The Bores in Austria take up Arms. to recover the free Exercise of their Religion taken from them And made themselves Master of some Places by force of Arms But the next year were subdued and severely punisht The Persians gave a total defeat to the The Persians defeated by the Turks The Danes beaten by the Imperialists Turks near Babylon so that very few escapt The King of Denmark defeated in a great Battle by the Imperialists wherein all his Foot was cut off and lost the greatest part of his Cavalry The King of Sweden made an Expedition The K. of Sweden ' s Expedition into Prussia into Prussia and landing at Pillaw made himself Master of Braunsberg Traunsburg Marienberg and reduc'd all the neighbouring Country under his Subjection From Christ 1625. The Emperor by an Edict commanded The Emperor banisht all the Protestants out of Germany all the Inhabitants of the Kingdom of Bohemia not excepting any Degree that refused to embrace the Catholick Religion to depart the Kingdom in a certain time A most terrible Earthquake shook all An Earthquake at Apulia Apulia and swallowed up whole Towns Villages Castles Woods together with about twenty thousand People The English called by the Rochellers to assist The English assist the Rochellers them landed in the Isle of Ree under the Command of the Duke of Buckingham who was expell'd from thence with a great Slaughter The
King of France closely besieged Rochelleâ— The King of France besieged Rechel and stopt up the Arbour and made a great Mount of vast Stones in the Sea to hinder Relief from coming to the City Frederic Henry Prince of Orange General for the Hollanders compelled Groll to surrender The prince of Orange takes Groll The Imperialists pursuing the Danish Army possest themselves of the greatest part of Holsatia and Jutland From Christ 1626. Rochelle prest by Famine was compell'd Rochelle surrendred to the French to surrender to the King of France after above 12 thousand Men had been starv'd to death all the Walls and places of Defence being demolisht The King of Sweden granted free Liberty The K. of Sweden admits the protestants Liberty to the German Exiles who fled for Religion or were compell'd from their Calamities of War to live with all Security and the free Exercise of their Religion in his Kingdom The Death of Sir Francis Bacon Sir Francis Bacon Viscount of St. Albans died The King of Denmark possest himself of the Island of Usdom the Fortress of Phinmund and Wolgast but was beaten out again by the Imperialists under the Duke of Fredland The Cham of Tartary being expelled his The Cham of Tartary recovered his Kingdom Kindom by his Brother assisted by the Turks to revenge his loss by the help of the Cossaks defeated his Brother in Battle and recover'd his Kingdom The Admiral of the Dutch Fleet met with The Dutch Admiral took the Spanish West India Fleet. Prince of Orange takes Boisleduc the Spanish West India Fleet and took it to the value of three hundred Tuns of Gold From Christ 1628. The Prince of Orange having taken before Boisleduc at the beginning of May took it by surrender in September following A Peace concluded at Lubeck between A Peace between the Emperor and the Danes the Emperor and the King of Denmark upon equal Conditions The Duke of Buckingham basely murdered by Felton a discontented Officer The Duke of Buckingham kill'd Rochelle surrendered and called Borgo Maria. The King of Sweden relieved Stralsond Rochelle surrendred disengaged himself from his Polish troubles made sure of the Daae and prepared for a War with the Emperor From Christ 1629. Gustuvus Adolphus enter'd Pomerania Gustavus took Stetin made himself Master of Stetin and several other Places and fill'd all Germany with the terrour of his Arms. The Duke of Savoy deny'd the French to The Duke of Savoy denied the French passage thro his territory Magdeburg taken by Tilly. pass thro his Country upon which Cardinal Richelieu made himself Master of Pignerol and of the Marquisate of Salucâ—s A Peace concluded with France Magdeburg stormed by Tilly the Imperial General plunder'd and burnt so that of so great a City very few Houses were left standing entire Gustavus Adolphus having made a League Gustavus his great Success in Germany with the Elector of Saxony in September vanquisht the Imperialists in a great Battle From that time all things succeeded with him to his desire so that he made himself Master of several Cities and Provinces of the German Empire King Charles the First his second Son Charles the Second born born at whose Birth a Remarkable Star appear'd at Noon-day From Christ 1630. The King of England made a Peace with England made a peace with Spain Troubles in France Spain which was proclaim'd The Court of France in great confusion while the Queen Mother went about to shut up the King her Eldest Son in a Monastery and to set up her Youngest Son in his Room for which the King having his Liberty the Queen made her escape to Antwerp and the Duke of Orleans flies into Burgundy and Lorain throwing all the Blame upon Richelieu The Princess Mary born eldest Daughter The Princess Mary born to King Charles the First The famous School at Amsterdam erected in which the first Professors were John Vossius and Jasper Barlaeus Maestrick after a Siege of two months Maestrick taken by the prince of Orange and two weeks surrendred to the Prince of Orange A great Battel at Lutzen was fought between the Swedes and the Imperialists Battel of Lutzen where Gustavus was killed where the Swedes got the Victory but the King Gustavus was there killed To whom Christina his Daughter an Infant succeeded In the mean time during her Minority Christina his Daughter succeeded the Nobles of the Kingdom took upon them the Administration of Affairs Sigismund the Third King of Poland Death of the K. of Poland died to whom succeeded his eldest Son Uladislaus the Fourth The King of France made himself Master of Nancy the Metropolis of Lorrain From Christ 1632. Death of the Governess of the Low Countries Izabella Clara Eugenia Daughter to Philip the Third King of Spain and Governess of the Low Countries departed this Life Frederic the Elector Palatin who reigned Death of the Elector Palatin K. Charles I. crowned in Scotland James D. of York born but a short time King of Bohemia died at Mayence King Charles the First crowned in Scotland The Third Son of King Charles the First born Octebâ—r the Thirteenth and baptized James afterwards created Duke The Dispute began of England's Right to the Soveraignty of the British Seas and defended by the learned Selden against Hugo Grotius The Prince of Orange besieged and took 〈◊〉 of Orange took Rhynebergh Rhynebergh From Christ 1633. Wallestin Duke of Fridland and General of the Imperial Army stabb'd at Egra by the Emperor's command being discovered to have a Design to join with the Wallestein killed at Egra Swedes and to have made himself Master of the Kingdom of Bohemia Ferdinand the Cardinal Brother to the Ferdinand Governour of the Netherlands King of Spain took upon him the Government of the Low Countries The Cardinal Infanta joins with the King of Hungary and fights the Battel of Swedes beaten by Cardinal Infanta of Norlinghen where the Swedes were utterly defeated From Christ 1634. The King of France declared War against the King of Spain because he detained The Frâ—nch declared War agst Spain in Prison the Elector of Treves whom he had taken into his Protection The Fortress of Skinken Skonce which Skinken Skonce taken by the Spaniards retaken by the P. of Orange is as it were the Key of Holland taken by the Spaniards but in a little time after besieged by the Prince of Orange was took about the beginning of the following Spring This year and the next a dreadful Pestilence raged in Holland and in the Neighbouring The plague in Holland places which swept away a world of people The Imperialists with Eighty thousand The Imperialists invade France Men under the Duke of Lorrain and other Imperial Commanders threaten to invade France and to encamp about Masieres and Rambervillers but being opposed by the French in conjunction
Parliament dissolved and another called at Westminster From Christ 1659. A peace between Sweden and Poland and with the Danes A Peace was solemnly concluded between the Swedes and the Polcnians And at the same time a Peace was made between the Danes and the Swedes In France after the Pyrenean Peace was made the Royal Bride Maria Teresa Daughter to the King of Spain was received in in very great State The New Parliament met and voted the K. Charles the II. arrivâ—â— in England Return of King Charles the Second He was accordingly Proclaimed and landed in England and made his publick Entry thro London General Monk created Duke of Albemarle and made Knight of the Garter The Princess of Orange came into England 〈◊〉 deâ—â—h of thâ— Prâ—â— Orange And Duke of Gloucester but died soon after Henry Duke of Gloucester died Cardinal Mazarin removed by Death This year was concluded the famous Peace of Oliva between the Emperor the Swedes the Polanders and the Elector of Brandenburg From Christ 1660. The Dolphin of France was born upon Thâ— Dolphin of France bâ—rn K. Charles II. crown'd Q 〈…〉 of Bohemia came to England All Saints Day and Christned Lewis The Magnificent Cavalcade of King Charles the Second from the Tower of London to his Palace at Whitehall the next day after he was Crowned at Westminster Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia came into England The Marquess of Argile beheaded at Edinburg Argile beheaded James Duke of Ormond made Lord Leiftenant of Ireland The Queen of Bohemia died From Christ Qu. of Bohâ—mia 〈…〉 1661. Dun 〈…〉 sold to the Frenâ—â— King for five â—unkiâ—k â— â— miâ—â—ions of Ficrius The Duke of Crequi the French Embaisador affronted at Rome by the Corsi for which the King of France demanded Satisfaction and had it King Charles the Second and Donna Catharina Charles II. married to the Infanta of Portugal Infanta of Portugal married at Portsmouth The Emperor celebrated his Nuptials with Margaretta of Spain The Emperor married to Margaretta of Spain The Vaudois most cruelly persecuted for their Religion in Savoy relieved by the Hollanders The French made themselves Masters of The French took Gigery Gigery upon the coast of Africk but were beaten again by the Barbarians The Turks destroy'd Hungary and Moravia Newhausel surrendred to the Turks and after a long Siege took Newhausel by surrender From Christ 1663. Count Serini destroy'd the Bridge of Essek but in the midst of his Victory a Peace on a sudden was concluded with the Turks which very much incens'd the Hungarians From Christ 1664. The Edict against the Jansenists by the Parliament of Paris confirmed by the King But the Infallibility of the Pope and his Authority over Councels the Sorbonists would not allow Philip the Fourth King of Spain died The death of the King of Spain and his Son an Infant of four years old succeeded him by the Name of Charles the Second upon which the King of France lay'd claim to the Spanish Netherlands which occasioned a bloody War The King of England upon refusal of Satisfaction demanded for several Injuries declared War against the Dutch A Sea fight between the English and the The K. of England declared a War against the Dutch Dutch where the Dutch lost several Men of War and Admiral Opdam with his Ship was blown up where six thousand of the Dutch were kill'd and two thousand brought prisoners to Colchester A great Plague in London of which A plague in London there died seventy thousand five hundred upon which the Court and the Parliament removed to Oxford and the Terms were kept there The Arabs with a great Insurrection took Mecca at which time a false Prophet coming from Smirna deluded the Jews with a vain Expectation of their Messias but being put in prison he turned Mahumetan From Christ 1665. Alphonso King of Portugal married Mary The King of Portugals Marriage with the Dutchess of Aumale Francis Dutchess of Aumale of the House Savoy This year on the second of September began the great Fire of London which burnt in the space of four days the greatest part of that City A terrible Engagement between the The Fire of London Dutch and the English under the Command of Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle which prov'd doubtful for 3 days but at last the Dutch were chased by the English However not long after the same Admirals obtain'd undoubted Victory against all the Dutch Fleet which they pursued into their Harbours The Parliament made an Act for the Rebuilding of London which was past by the King From Christ 1666. The King of France invaded Flanders Flanders invaded by the French because the Spaniard deny'd him his Claim of Succession by right of Devolution as they called it and the Spaniard not being prepared for War lost many Cities A War declared against the King of Denmark A Peace concluded at Breda between the English and Dutch whereby the differences betwixt the French and English were likewise terminated Pope Alexander the Seventh died and Popes Julio Rospigliosi having taken the Name of Clement the Ninth succeeded A Peace concluded between Spain and Portugal by the Mediation of the Earl of Sandwich the King of England's Extraordinary Embassador From Christ 1667. The French made themselves Masters of The French took Burgundy The Dauphin of France Baptized all Burgundy The Dauphin of France was solemnly Baptized by the Name of Lewis of All Saints The Pope begged of the French King that the Obeliske set up in Disgrace against the Corsi who affronted the French Embassador in the year 1664. might be taken down A Peace was concluded by which Burgundy was to be restored to the Spaniards but the French were left in possession of what they had in the Spanish Netherlands Mareshal Turene who had formerly been Mareschall Turene turned Papist a Patron to the Hugonots in France turned Papist in his old Age. Peter Brother to King Alphonso with the Pope's Dispensation married his Brother's Wife his Brother still living And Governing the Kingdom took upon him the Title of Regent A triple Leaguâ— between the English Swedes and Dutch Cazimir King of Poland resigned up his Crown Canea taken by the Turks A triple League between the English Swedes and Dutch to inforce the observance of the Pyrenean and Aix la Chapelle Treaties John Casimir King of Poland resign'd his Crown and went into France where he lived a Retired Life From Christ 1671. Canea in the Island of Cadia which the the Venetians with a great loss of Men and Money for three years bravely defended surrendered at last upon Articles to the Turks The Venetians still retaining in the same Island Sucla Spyndlonga Carabuza with the lesser Islands of Tyna and Cerygo not far from thence At Rome died Pope Clement the Ninth Popeâ— death In Sicily Mount Etna shook with an Earthquake and cast forth flames
long Siege surrendred upon honourabe terms to the Elector of Brandenburgh Stetin taken by the Elector of Brandenburgh Gâ—â—nt sarrâ—ndred to the French The City of Ghent surrendred to the King of France Phillipsburgh besieged by the Imperialists was taken by composition Admiral De Ruyter engaging with thâ— French in the Mediterranean received his deaths Wound and died in the Bed of Honour The denth of Admiral de Ruyter in the seventy year of his Age. The Danes in conjunction with the Hollanders did beat the Swedish Fleet consisting of 40 Men of War and then landing in Schonen took several Towns from the Swedes But in the midst of their Victories near Helmstade were defeated by the Swedes with a great loss And after that they lost a second Battel to the Swedes near the City of Lunden where after a bloody Fight above 9000 Men were killed on both sides A Battel between the Prince of Orange Cambray and St. Omers taken by the French and the Duke of Orleans at Mount Cassel After which Cambray and St. Omers were taken by the French Cardinal Benedict Odescalchi was chose Pope in the room of Clement X. who died Popes in the 87th year of his Age. He assumed the name of Innocent XI And it was said that Donna Olimpia a cunning Woman and powerful in the Court of Rome prepared the way for him to that Dignity From Christ 1676. The Swedes did again defeat the Danes in a terrible Conflict near Landscroone On the other side the Danes overcame the Swedes in a Sea-Fight and took several of their Men of War A Peace concluded at Nâ—meghen between Luxemburgh quitted the Siege of Mons. the French and the Dutch The Prince of Orange forced the Duke of Luxemburgh to quit the Siege of Mons. Dr. Oats made the first discovery of the Popish Plot upon which Sir Edmundsbury The death of St. Edmundsbury Godfrey Coleman hang'd Messina submitted to the Spaniard The peace between France Spain Godfrey was murthered and one Coleman who called himself the Duke of York's Secretary was executed at Tyburne as were afterwards several others Messina in Sicily wearyed with the French Government submitted it self to the Spanish Monarchy From Christ 1678. The Peace between France and Spain concluded at Nimeghen proclaimed in both Kingdoms A most grievous Persecution of the Hugonet's in France The King of Spain married the Daughter The K. of Spain married the D. of Orleans Daughter of the Duke of Orleans which displeased the Emperor A great disorder in England by reason of several Persons who did second Dr. Oats in the further discovery of the Popish The D. of York sent into Flanders and after into Scotland Plot while the lower House of Parliament used all their endeavours to disinherit the Duke of York for being a Papist Upon which the Duke was sent out of the way first into Flanders then into Scotland From Christ 1679. The Elector Palatin built a new Church at Fredericksberg which was dedicated to Concord and consecrated by a Lutheran Doctor with whom were joined a Roman Catholick Priest and a Calvinist Minister The King of France by sundry Acts of Hostility committed in Alsatia the Palatinate and in the Bishoprick of Treves disturbed the Peace concluded but the year before The Duke of Mantua sold the strong Casal â—old to the French Lord Stafford beheaded Town of Casal to the French The Lord Stafford being found guilty of High Treason by his Peers was Beheaded upon Tower-Hill Charles Count Palatine of the Rhyne and Prince Elector was created Knight of the Garter and installed at Windsor The Parliament sate at Oxford but was on a sudden dissolved The death of Don John of Austria Don John of Austria departed this life From Christ 1680. A Diet held at Francfort on the Mayne where the Articles of the Treaty at Nimegen in Controversy were argued with the King of France who made slight of that Treaty and had offered several Injuries to the Princes bordering upon the Rhyne for contrary to his Faith given he seized Strasburgh took by the French on Strasburgh and caused the Cathedral to be consecrated a-new by the Bishop of Furstemberg for the use of the Roman Catholicks The Hugonots by reason of their being The Hugonots came 〈◊〉 England so cruelly persecuted did fly out of France into England and Holland The Hungarians were promis'd their freedom with the restitution of their Liberties by the Emperor But the free Exercise of their Religion being denied them by the persuasions of the Jesuites those promises came to nothing The Pope was angry with the King of France for assuming the Collation of Ecclesiastical Benefices upon which the Gallican Clergy being assembled gave their Opinions for the King A Peace between the Emperor of Morocco A peace between the Emperor of Morocco and the King of England and the King of England for four years An Ambassador from Muscovy arrived in England And in the same year also came another Embassy from the King of Fâ—z and Morocco and a Peace was concluded with the Mâ—â—rs The death of Thomas Thynne 〈◊〉 Count Conningsmark caused Thomas Thynn Esq to be basely murthered Conningsmark was acquitted but his Accomplices were Hang'd From Christ 1681. In the Diet of Francfort the Affair of the Reunions unjustly challeng'd by the King of France began to be disputed with the French Ambassadors but because the French Ambassadors refused to treat with the Germans in the Latin Tongue according to custom but persisted to give in their Memorials in the French Language the Diet broke up reinfecta The King of Denmark Elector of Brandenburg and the Bishops of Cologne and Munster enâ—er into a mutual League which many interpreted to be done in favour of the King of France The King of France ordered the Walls of the City King of France took the City of Orange The Gallican Decree against the Pope of Orange to be pull'd down and took the Principality from the lawful possessor the Prince of Orange The Galâ—â—an Clergy assembl'd at Paris decree in opposition to the Court of Rome that the Pope had no power to absolve Subjects from their Oath of Fidelity to their Sovereign that a universal Council was above the Pope that the Popes Authority was limited by the Canons of the Church and that the Pope was not infallible The Great Duke of Muscovy being removed by The Death of the great Duke of Muscovy Count Teckley submitted to the Turks Four Bantam Ambassadors poyson after many Tumults and Slaughters his two Sons agreed to divide the Empire between â—em Count Teckly did put himself under the protection of the Turks and possessed himself of Cassâ—via 〈◊〉 and the Fort of Villeck Four Bantam Ambassadors arrived at London and two of them Knighted by King Charles The Morocco Ambassador entertain'd at Oxford Prince Rupert Prince Palatine of the Rhine died of a Fever and Plurify in the sixty third year of his Age. From Christ 1682. 〈◊〉 besieged by the Tâ—rks and the Siege raised The death of prince Rupert Vienna besieâ—ed by the Turks by the King of Poland in conjunction with the Duke of Lorrain At the same time the King of Poland and the Duke of Lorrain pursued the flying â—nemy and defeated them on a bloody Battel near Baâ—can after which follow'd the surrender of Graâ— Because the Spaniaâ—d rejected the Demandâ— of the French the King of France fell upon Oudenard and Oudenard and Dixmude took by the French P. George of Denmark married to the Lady Ann. Dixmude and took them Prince George of Denmark arrived at Whitehall and was marryed to the Lady Ann the younger Daughter of the Duke of York Judgment given against the ancient Charter of the City of London in the King's Bench Court From Christ 1683. The Emperor King of Poland and the Republic of Venice enter into a League against the Turks A Truce for twenty years between the Emperor the States of the Empire and the King of France consented to by the Emperor provided it should be no way prejudicial to the Treaties of Westphalia and Nimeghen A Truce also concluded for the same Term between the States General and the French King contrary to the Advice of the Spaniard Swede and others The French Bomb the flourishing City of Genoa The French Bomb Genoa The Tyde ran strong against all that had stood up for the ancient Liberties of England and all the Corporations Cities and Towns in the Kingdom were forced to surrender their Charters and accept of new ones from the Court. The death of King Charles II. Charles II. died at Whitehall as it was said of an Apoplexy and the same day James Duke of York was proclaimed King in his room FINIS
of the Sects of the Theopaschytes Eutychians From Christ 492. Faelix had also condemned Acacius Bishop of Constantinople because he had consented out of Complaisance to the Emperor Zeno that those two Hereticks might possess those two great Sees Theodoric Sur-named Veronensis from his taking that City King of the Ostrogots or Eastern Goths had rendred considerable Services to the Emperor Zeno and as a Recompence he demanded to have his Consent others say Zeno invited him to make War against Odoacre King of Italy to which he willingly complied So Theodoric having past into Italy there The War between Odoacre and Theodoric was a bloody War between him and Odoacre Both of them behaved themselves very bravely so that the Business could not be decided by Arms. At length Theodoric being more politick after he had besieged Odoacre above three Years in Ravenna made use of very indirect Ways He proposed an Agreement and during the Treaty he invited Odoacre to a Banquet where he had him treacherously killed So ended Odoacre killed by Theodoric The Kingdom of the Ostrogots in Italy The French Christians the Kingdom of the Herules in Italy and then began that of the Ostrogots which Theodoric firmly established From Christ 493. The French embrac'd Christianity with their King Clouis by the Ministry of St. Remy Bishop of Reims Some time before Clouis had put out of Gaul all who remained of the Romans so that there was none of them left From Christ 496. Gelasius Bishop of Rome Successor to Bishops of Rome Faelix died Gelasius was to be commended that he made a just Collection of the Canonical Books of Scripture and to have set down as Apocriphal many that past before for Canonical From Christ 498. Anastatius the Second his Successor having held the See but two Years there arose a Schism between Symachus and Laurentius both chose by different Factions of the Clergy and People This Division caused many Disorders and also Murders which continued to the End of this Age. From Christ 500. The Sixth Age. AT the Beginning of the Sixth Age the East afforded nothing remarkable for History From Christ 501. But in the West Theodoric expelled out of Pannonia the Bulgarians who had made an Incursion there From Christ 505. Clouis had married Clotilda Niece to The Exploits of Theodoric Gondibald King of the Burgundians This King had put to Death three of his Brothers one of whom was Father to Clotilda which occasioned a War between Clouis and Gondebald in which the latter conquered the greatest part of Burgundy only Savoy and Provence remained to Gondemar Son to Gondebald From Christ 506. Clouis added to this Conquest all that Clouis ' s Exploits the Wisigots possess'd in Gaul after he had vanquish'd and killed their King Alaric in a Battle fought near Poitiers and after that having overcome Amalaric the Son of Alariâ— near Bourdeaux the Vanquish'd fled for Refuge to Theodoric King of Italy who was his Grand-father by the Mother's side And by his help Amalaric recovered almost all he had lost in Gaul From Christ 509. This unfortunate Success with some others that attended Clouis towards the end of his Life reduc'd him to an extream Melancholly and so very much indisposed him that he died in his middle Age. His Death From Christ 511. According to his last Will his four His Four Sons Sons divided his Dominions among them and each of them had the Titles of King of the French Symachus Bishop of Rome Successor to Bishop of Rome Anastatius the Second died From Christ 514. Anastatius Emperor of the East had applauded and congratulated the Conquests Anastatius Emperor of Clouis by a solemn Embassy and sent him the Consulary Ornaments with a rich Crown which Clouis consecrated to the Church of St. Peter's at Rome While Anastatius reigned he favoured the Eutychians He was afraid of Thunder and built him a round House to secure himself from it but all in vain For in a violent Storm of Thunder and Lightning His Death he was found dead in his Bed-Chamber at the Age of 88 Years From Christ 518. Justin his Successor who from a very Justin his Successor low Birth having been a common Soldier rose to the highest Command in the Army and in the Empire He redress'd those Disorders had been a long time in the Church by a Schism between the Western and the Eastern Churches occasioned by Acatius who notwithstanding the Excommunications of Faelix Bishop of Rome had discoursed with the two Peters Mungus and Foulon Bishops of Alexandria and Antioch who favoured the Theophasticks Hormisdas Bishop of Rome and Successor Bishopâ— of Rome to Symachus died John who succeeded Hormisdas was sent by King Theodoric in an Embassy to the Emperor Justin upon whose Head he set the Imperial Crown The first that ever was Crowned by the Roman Pontiff For which at his Return Theodoric under pretence that he had not faithfully acquitted himself of his Commission put him in Prison where he died of extream Want From Christ 526. Theodoric upon false Suspicions had put Simmachus and Boetius to Death Symachus with his Son-in-Law Boetius who were qualified for Consuls and were Persons of high Merit Theodoric being one Day at Table imagined he saw the Head of Symachus instead of the Head of a great Fish served up before him which put him into so great a Fright that he fell into a violent Fever of which he died leaving his Dominions to Athalaric The Death of Theodoric Son of his Daughter Amalazuntha Widow of Euthairc Aurelius Cassidorus a very Learned and Orthodox Person was Secretary to Theodâ—ric tho' that Prince was an Arrian yet Cassiodorus The Tripartite History Cassidorus after the Death of his Master retired from the World and compiled many excellent Works among others the Tripartite History taken from that of Eusebius Socrates and Zozimenus adding to it what happened since the last even to his Time The good and pious Emperor Justin dying had his Nephew Justinian for his Successor The Death of Justin Justinian his Successor who in the beginning of his Reign caused to be collected and put in order the Roman Laws Among the Civilians who laboured Tribonien the Civil Lawyer three Years about them the famous Trebonianus was particularly taken Notice of This great Work consisted of fifty digested Books or Pandects the four first of Institutes and those which contained the New or Authentick Constitutions From Christ 530. Faelix the fourth Bishop of Rome who Bishops of Rome succeeded John died this Year and had for his Successor Boniface who kept not the See above eleven Months Bellisarius went by Order of Justinian Bellisarius in Africk his Master to make War against the Vandals in Africk having ruined their Forces in the Field he besieged and took Carthage The end of the Kings of the Vandals in Africk in which
short time For Frediganda caused him to be killed by Landry de la Tour her Gallant to prevent Landry de la Tour. the Effects of the Kings just displeasure who had discovered the Intreagues of Fredigunda and Landry Chilperic had put to death Meroveus and Clovis whom he had by his Wife Audery so Clotaire the second whom he had by Fredegunda Fredegunda succeeded him On the other side Gontrian King of Orleans dying without Children let by his last Testament his Dominions to his other Nephew Childebart King of Austrasia who by what was left him becoming very powerful made a resolution to revenge the death of his Father on Fredegunda but he was overcome in Battle by her who was there present holding in her Arms the Young Clotaire Childebert being deeply perplex'd and asham'd to have been overcome by a Woman fell sick and died leaving two Sons Theodobert King of Austrasia and Thierry King of Burgundia both of them under Brunehault the care of Brunehâ—ult their Grandmother the Widow of Sigebert King of Austrasia So all the French Monarky being Govern'd by two Women one as wicked as the other it was not long before they fell out Fredegunda was the more Fortunate for she had always great Success in War against Brunehault so that she left her Son Clotaire in quiet Possession of the Kingdoms of Paris and Soissons This Woman though she was guilty of many Crimes yet died a natural Death Aigulphus King of the Lombards had made Peace with the Exark in Italy the Emperor Mauritius also concluded a Peace with Cosroes the Son Successor and Murtherer of his Father Hormisdas and in France Brunehauld lost her credit with her two Grandsons The three Kings lived in great Amity so that there was a A General Peace General Peace at the end of this Century From Christ 600. The learned Men who lived at that The Learned Men. Jornandes time were Jornandes a Gothish Bishop who Writ the History of the Wars between his Nation and the Romans Agathyas Agathyas a Grecian Writ the History of Justin and of Justinian with the Exploits of Bellisarius and Narses Count Marcellinus composed the Annals Marcellinus from the death of Valens to the 20th Year of Justinian Evagrius the Ecclesiastical Evagrius History from the time where Zozomenus ended to the 12th year of Mauritius Gregory Gregory of Tours Bishop of Tours the History of the French from the beginning of their Monarky to the end of this Age. The Seventh Age. THe Sclavonians a people of Scythia The Sclavonians past the Danube and and possest several Provinces of the Empire from whence they were expelled by an Army which the Emperor Mauritius sent against them but this victorious Army having Mutined proclaim'd Phocas Emperor one Phocas Emperor of their chief Leaders This Rebel marched presently to Constantinople and made himself Master of it where he seized on The Death of Mauritius the Emperor Mauritius and cut off his Head From Christ 603. After he had done the same to his Children before their Fathers Eyes which he endured with a Resignation and Patience most like a Christian He was â— Prince worthy of high esteem for his great Qualitys had he not dishonour'd them by his extream Avarice of which he gave a most cruel Example upon an occasion where he suffered a great number of Prisoners taken by the Sclavonians to be slaughtered rather then he would ransome them at a Crown a head the Sclavonians offering to release them for that price Gregory Bishop of Rome called the Great Gregory the Great Bishop of Rome Successor to Pelagius the second died Among his Works there are somethings very curious others tainted with Superstition which began to be introduc'd into the Church It is also markt of him that he refused to explain the Maximes of Christianity he is likewise much blamed for the flattering ways he used to Phocas who was rather look'd on as a Tyrant then a lawful Emperor From Christ 604. The Native Britans had been Christians for three or four Centurys but the English The affairs of England Saxons who had been Masters of that Island for a Hundred and Fifty Years were Pagans They had divided their Conquests into several Monarkys Ethelbert King Ethelbert turnâ—d Christian King of Mercia which was the greatest of those Kingdoms by the perswasion of Birtha his Wife a French Princess was very willing to embrace Christianity upon which Gregory sent him Augustin the Augustin the Monk sent into England Monk with some others who Baptized him and introduced as much as they could possibly the Ceremonies of Rome into that Church which the Ancient Brittish Bishops fiercly opposed From Christ 605. Sabinianus Bishop of Rome and Successor Bishopâ— of Rome to Gregory was remarkable for nothing but for his hatred he exprest against the Memory of his Predecessor and for his most sordid Avarice There was a Years interval between his Death and the Election of Boniface the Third and ten Months from the Death of that Boniface and the choosing of Boniface the Fourth From Christ 607. In the time of Gregory John called the Younger Bishop of Constantinople had assumed The Title of universal Bishop the Title of Universal Bishop Gregory had reprehended him for it in very sharp Terms alledging that this haughty Title could not be usurp'd by any one but the Forerunner of Antichrist In the mean time the two Bonifaces who succeeded Gregory address'd themselves to Phocas to obtain that Title to which he complied on Condition that they should acknowledge him lawful Emperor So that the Roman Pontificate may be said to have obtain'd the Title of Head of the Church not from St. Peter but from the Emperor Phocas The Tyrannick Government of this Usurper Phocas killed provok'd at last the Grandees of the Empire to kill him The Conspirators set up in his place Heraclius one of the Heraclius chiefest among them From Christ 610. Theodebert King of Austrasia scandaliz'd at the most dissolute Life of his Grandmother Kings of the French Brunehauld banish'd her his Court She being retired to the Court of her other Grandson Thierry King of Burgundy perswaded him that Theodebert was not the Son of Childebert which made a War between the two Brothers where Theodebert was killed Not long after Brunehauld disgusted by Thierry poyson'd him and set up for King one of his Bastards But The Death of Brunehault the Nobility of the two Kingdoms of Austrasia and Burgundy not being able longer to suffer this most wicked Woman delivered her up to Clotaire who punish'd her as her most heinous Crimes deserved So all the Royal Members of the French Monarchy were re-united under one Chief Clotair the Second From Christ 614. John the Exarch was slain by the People enraged against him for laying too The affairs of Italy heavy Taxes on them Eleutherius
two Noble Romans Friends to the French to whom this Pope was an Enemy Eugenius the second Succeeded him and to this last Valentine who dying at the end of fourty daies Gregory the Fourth was Elected in his place From Christ 826. The Saracens of Spain had reconquered all that Charlemaine had took from them except Catalonia The Naverroise abandoned by the French chose for their King Eneco or Inigo Arista who was also chose Inigo Aristo King of Navarre and Arragon King by those of Arragon Michael Balbus Emperor of the East died after he had lived such a Life that witnessed he had neither Conscience nor Religion Theophylus his Son and Suecessor Theophylus Emperor of the East had Qualities far different from those of his Father From Christ 828. The Emperor Louis by his first Marriage had Three Sons Lothaire Pepin and Louis he gave to each of them a part of his Dominions with the Title of King Italy to Lothaire whom he had also Associated to the Empire Aquitain to Pepin and Bavaria to Louis The three Brothers displeased that their Father had also given Burgundy with the Title of King to his Fourth Son Charles whom he had of Judith his second Wife They conspired against They Conspire against their Father the good King and his Queen and put them up in a Convent then Degraded Louis of the Empire in a Council held at Compeign But within a year after he Then Re-established was Re-establisht by the Grandees of the Kingdom From Christ 834. Pepin King of Aquitain dyed leaving a Pepin the younger King of Aquitaine Son of the same name from whom his Grandfather took away a part of his Dominions to bestow them on his beloved Son Charles Louis the Debonaire died Louis le Debonaire Dyes he had that Surname beause of his sweet Disposition and obliging Nature which was thought to have been too great because it degenerated into an Easiness and Softness unbecoming a King After his Death his Sons made a bloody War against one another Lonhair who had the Title of Emperor Joyned with his Nephew Pepin King of Aquitain against Louis King of Bavaria and Charles King of Neustria The two Parties came near to Fountaney in Burgundy and found such a bloody Battle that never were so many French slain in one day for there was killed a Hundred thousand Men on both sides so that the Armies being equally disabled they were forc'd to make Peace From Christ 841. The three Brothers concluding a Treaty without making the least mention of Pepin agreed that Charles should have The Empire divided between the Three Brothers Neustria or the Western France Louis the Eastern with Bavaria and all that lay beyond the Rhine from thence it had the Sirname of Germany Lothaire with the Title of Emperor had Italy France Gaul Narbonese and Austrasia This last Country was called Lotherne or the Kingdom of The Name of Lorraine Lothaire by Contraction or Corruption it was afterward called Lorraine From Christ 834. Gregory the Fourth died he had Abetted Popes the Revolt of the Sons of Lewis against their Father his Successor Pope Sergius did not wait for the Emperors Confirmation but the Emperor resented that Affront as became him and took those Measures that the like should not happen again so that From Christ 844. Leo the Fourth who succeeded Sergius durst not offer to Execute the Papal Authority without the Emperors Confirmation From Christ 847. The Normans began to infest the Seas The Normans and to Ravage the Coasts of France The French Brittains re-establisht their The Re-establishment of the Kingdom of Brittany little Monarchy disturbed by the Conquests Charleâ—ain had made of their Country Neomenes Prince of the Blood of their Antient Kings resumed the Quality of his Ancestors From Christ 849. The Saracens ravaged Italy even to the The Saracens in Italy Gates of Rome where they Plundered and Burnt the Suburbs Ramire Son of Alphonso the Chaste King of Leon obtained a great Victory over the Saracens in Spain and by that made himself Master of a part of Castile the Old King Charles of Neustria got to himself Charles recovers Aquitan Aquitain from Pepin his Nephew whom he shut up in a Prison Where he ended his Life From Christ 852. After Leo the Fourth there be those who place in the See of Rome a Woman named Joan who held it two years Popâ— Joan Others say there could be no other than Benet the Third who immediately succeeded Leo. From Christ 855. The Emperor Lothaire made himself a The Emperor Lothaire made himself a Monk Monk in the Abbey of Prom in Lorrain where he died a little after He had divided his Dominions among his three Sons giving to Lewis the eldest Italy with the Title of Emperor Lorrain or Austrasia to Lewis 2d Emperor Lothaire Burgundy and Provence to Charles To Bennet the Third succeedd Nicholas a strong vigorous Man and very much inclined to Agrandize the See of Rome From Christ 858. Charles King of Neustria gave Holland The Earledoms of Holland and Flanders with the Title of Earldom to Thierry from whom are descended the Earls of that Country As also those of Flanders from Baldwin to whom the same Charles gave that County under the like Title This Baldwin had stole away one of the Daughters of Charles and had Married her against her Fathers consent The Pope excomunicated the Lorrain Bishops who had Divorced their King Lothaire from his Wife Thidberga The Bishops on their part Excomunicated the Pope and the King Married annother Wife called Valdrada The Pope having likewise Excommunicated Popes Photius Patriark of Constantinople was also Excomunicated by him the principle cause of the Quarrel was that Photius did A Quarrel between the Pope and the Bishops of Lorrain not at all acknowledge the Superiority Nicholaus pretended over all the other Bishops The apparent cause was the Deposing Ignatius by Bardas Unkle to the young Emperor Michael Porphirogenitus Son to Theophilus Bardas having put Photius in the place of Ignatius Nicholaus took the part of the Deposed the business remained thus Basilius of Macedonia whom Michael had raised to the Empire from one he had made use of to tame his Horses and drive his Chariots having ungratefully killed Michael and by that means placing himself on the Imperial Throne immediately deposed Photius From Christ 866. Pope Nichâ—las died he had principally employed himself to aggrandize the Papal See and took no Notice of an essential A Dispute between Paschasius and Bertram touching the Eucharist Affairs of France Dispute between Paschasius Ratbert Abbot of Corbia and Bertram his Monk concerning the Eucharist Adrian the Second succeeded Nicholas Lothaire and Charles being dead Charles King of Neustria seized on their Dominions giving part of Lorrain to his Brother Lewis the Germanick but nothing at all to the Emperor Lewis Brother to
to chuse an Italian Pope elected the Arch-Bishop of Paris under the Name of Urban the Sixth but the Cardinals being at liberty retired to Fundi in the Kingdom of Naples where they made a Second Election of a Cardinal of Geneva under the Name of Clement the Seventh so that Urban residing at Rome and Clement at A Schism Avignion Christendom was divided between the two Popes France Castile Scotland and Naples acknowledged Clement The rest of Italy with England declared for Urban The States of the Kingdom of Arragon remained Neuters From Christ 1379. The Emperor Charles the Fourth died The Death of Charles the Fourth Emperor He had been Crowned at Rome by the Legates of that Pope who then resided at Avignion But this Ceremony was performed with that Disgrace that they obliged him to leave Rome the same Day he was Crowned which he did However he was to be praised for making the Golden The Golden Bull. Wencelaus Emperor Bull in which was regulated all that relates to the Election of an Emperor He had for his Successor his Son Wencelaus King of Bohemia Charles the Fifth King of France died Kings of France and his eldest Son Charles the Sixth succeeded him From Christ 1380. While the Tartars and the Turks disputed A Sophy King of Persia for the Kingdom of Persia a certain Sophy declaring he was descended from Haly Son-in-Law to Mahomet made himself Master of it whose Posterity Reigns there to this time The Flemins revolting against their Count of Flanders the young King Charles took his part and defeated the Rebels at The Battle of Roesbeck Roesbeck in Flanders where Philip of Arteville their chief Commander was killed From Christ 1382. John Paleologus had been deposed from Emperors of Constantinople the Empire of Constantinople by his Son Andronicus but was a while after re-invested After whose Death Manuel his Second Son succeeded him The Turks were grown very considerable since the beginning of this Age being so powerfully establish'd in Bithynia and in other neighbouring Countries of the lesser Asia under Ottoman their first Sultan The Sultans of the Turks and afterwards under his Successors Orcan and Solyman Amurath the Son of Solyman who reigned at this time past into Europe and made his Conquests in the Country of Bulgaria along the Danube From Christ 1384. Jane Queen of Naples had succeeded Kings of Naples her Father Robert and had no Children by her four Husbands She had a Sister married to her Cousin Charles of Durus who had no Children but Jane being displeas'd with her Brother-in-Law adopted Lewis Duke of Anjou and to him resigned the Right of her Kingdom From Christ 1385. Charles called the Wicked King of The horrid Death of Charles King of Navar. Navar died in a most deplorable manner For the Surgeon who wrapt him and sewed him up in Linnen dipt in strong Spirits which having took fire by carelesness burnt him From Christ 1387. Urban the Sixth being dead the Roman Popes Cardinals put in his place Boniface the Ninth Clement still keeping his See at Avignion After his Death the Cardinals chose for his Successor a Spaniard of the House of The Continuation of Schism Luna who took the Name of Benoit the Thirteenth The Schism thus continuing the Christian Princes to no purpose endeavoured to put an end to it From Christ 1394. In the last Year of this Age the Electors Wencelaus deposed Henry of Brunswic Emperor then Rupert Count Palatine deposed Wencelaus judging him unworthy of the Empire because of his ill Qualities They put Henry of Brunswick in his place who having been killed in the same Year they then made choice of Rupert Count Palatine of the Rhine From Christ 1400. The Fifteenth Age. ABout the end of the former Century John Count of Nevers attended with a great Number of the French Nobility march'd to the Relief of Hungary against Bajazet Emperor of the Turks The Christian The Battle of Nicopolis Army had been beaten at the Battle of Nicopolis John was taken Prisoner with the famous Boucicaut with many French Gentlemen John and Boucicaut were releas'd The Turks attack'd Constantinople in the Bajazet attack'd Constantinople beginning of this Age. The Emperor Manuel having applied himself to King Charles for Succors he sent him some under the Command of the same Boucicaut who relieved Constantinople which obliged Manuel to come into France to thank the King and to beg of him fresh Supplies From Christ 1401. During the time that Manuel was in Tamberlain Cham of the Tartars Bajazet overcome and kept Prisoner France Tamberlain the Cham of the Tartars over-run the Eastern parts with a most formidable Army He overcame and took Bajazet Prisoner and treated him with that scorn that the most miserable Prince dash'd out his Brains against the Bars of the Iron Cage in which he was shut up like a wild Beast From Christ 1402. At Rome Boniface the Ninth being dead Popes Innocent the Seventh succeeded him and after him Gregory the Twelfth a Venetian of the House of Cornaro upon Condition that he should resign if Bennet the Thirteeenth who always lived at Avignion A Continuation of Schism would doe the like They both of them met to concert the Bus'ness at Sazona but as they took their Journey to meet there every one on a sudden did quit their Faction Gregory retired to Sienna Bennet into Catalonia his Native Country The greatest part of the Cardinals having abandoned them assembled in Council at Pisa where Gregory and Bennet were The Council of Pisa deposed and a Cordelier called Peter Phylargus chosen in their places under the Name of Alexander the Fifth who died Three Popes about ten Months after The Cardinals who had followed him to Bologna elected Balthazar Cossa who took the Name of John the Twenty third From Christ 1410. There was also a Schism in the Empire between Sigismund Brother to Wenceslaus Sigismund Emperor deposed and Josse Marquess of Moravia his Kinsman but by the sudden Death of Josse Sigismund was acknowledged Emperor by all the Princes From Christ 1411. This Prince ordered a Council to be A Council at Constance held in the City of Constance where they resolved on Five remarkable Things 1. They burn'd as Hereticks John Hus John Hus and Jerome of Prague burnt though he came there under a safe Conduct of the Emperor they treated in the same manner Jerome os Prague a Disciple of John Hus. 2. They abolish'd the Use of the Cup The Cup taken away from the Sacrament in the Sacrament of the Eucharist 3. They declared a Council superior to the Pope 4. In Consequence to that they deposed Three Popes deposed the three Popes of whom John was there present 5. They elected Martin the Fifth of the House of Colonna after he had promis'd on his Oath to keep the Decrees of the Council From
Christ 1417. Of the three deposed Popes John and Gregory submitted to the Sentence of the Council Bennet persisted even 'till Death tho' he had but two Cardinals with him whom he commanded when he was dying to elect a Successor which they did naming a Chanoine of Barcellona who took the Name of Clement the Eighth But at length he deposed himself and was in exchange made Arch-Bishop of Majorca From Christ 1422. In France King Charles had before lost a The Battle â— Agincourt Battle near Agincourt in Piccardy Henry the Fifth who won it became very powerful in France the more because there hapned very great Troubles by a madness King Charles fell into upon the Death of his Brother Lewis Duke of Orleans whom his Cousin John Duke of Burgundy had caused to be Assassinated at Paris By the Death of the same John kill'd at Montereau in Brye by the Servants of Charles Dauphin in the presence of that Prince Lastly by the hatred of Queen Izabella of Bavaria against her Son the Dauphin which grew so violent that she joined in a Faction with Philip Duke of Burgundy whose Interests prevailed with the States General to deprive the Dauphin of his Right to the Succession of the Crown and to acknowledge for the Heir of King Charles Henry King of England his Son-in-Law who married Katharine his Daughter The famous Captain John Zisca a Bohemian John Zisca a famous Captain died after he had vindicated the Liberty and the Evangelick Religion of his Country-men against Wensâ—laus and Sigismond Kings of that Country o'er whom he gained many Battels even after he had lost both his Eyes in that War From Christ 1425. It was resolved in the Council of Constance that another should be held seven years after Pope Martin was averse to Popes it but about the end of his Papacy being importuned to call one he summoned it at Piâ—a But the Pope so ordered Affairs in that manner that this Council had no effect A little before his Death he appointed another at Basle and his The Council of Basle Successor Eugenius the Fourth sent his Legats to cause it to be opened From Christ 1431. After several years of great Confusion in France King Charles the Seventh re-establish'd himself by forcing out the English so that there remained in their Possession nothing but the City of Calais This great Revolution was begun and advanc'd by a certain young Wench called the Maid of Orleans who pretended The Maid of Orleans she was inspired from Heaven to employ her self to reinthrone King Charles The Emperor Sigismond being dead his Albert the second Emperor Son-in-Law Albert the Second succeeded him in the Empire and in the Kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia From Christ 1438. The Pope Eugenius fell out with the Council of Basle and signified to them That it should be removed to Ferrara In effect a Council was called there where The Council of Ferrara he was in Person with John Paleologus Emperor of Constantinople who had brought with him many Grecian Bishops then they went from thence to Florence where the Greeks made an Agreement with the Latins on many Articles of Belief in which till that time they had differed In the mean time the Council of Basle not at all fearing the Fulminations of Eugenius Aâ—â—hism proceeded legally against him deposed him and elected in his place Amideus Duke of Savoy under the Name of Foelix thâ— Fifth Antipope Foelix the Fifth This Prince had resigned his Dukedom to his Son Duke Lewis and was retired to the delitious Hermitage of Repaille on the Lake of Geneva At last Peace being made between the French and the English Lewis the Dauphin to discharge the Kingdom of the Soldiers who ruined it brought a great Army out of the Empire Four thousand A remarkable Action of the Switzers Switzers were so bold to oppose his Paslage they sold their Lives at a dear rate but they were all kill'd but one who being return'd to his Canton lost his Head as a base Deserter From Christ 1444. The young Ladislaus King of Hungary broke very rashly the Peace he had swore to the Turks It was believed that the Misfortune of the Battel of Varne was a The Battel of Varnâ— just punishment for the breaking his Oath He was there overcome and killed by Amurat the Second Sultan of the Turks Nicolaus the Fifth Successor to Eugenius the Fourth saw an end of the Schism by the free Resignation of Faelix who remained Cardinal and Legat of his own Country and the adjacent Places The Council of Basle having no more power broke up so that Nicolaus was acknowledged Pope without any Dispute From Christ 1449. Mahomet the Second of that Name Emperor Mahomet the Second takes Constantinople of the Turks took Constantinople from Constantin the Eleventh Paleologus the last Christian Emperor of that City It was taken by Assault and the Confusion was so very great that Constantin endeavouring to save himself was stifled at a Gate of the City by the multitude of flying People From Christ 1453. Alphonso Borgia a Spaniard under the Popes Name of Calixtus the Third succeeded Pope Nicholas the Fifth From Christ 1455. He acted nothing remarkable Pius the Second his Successor made himself more Eminent for his great Learning and extraordinary Zeal against the Turks His Name was Aeneas Silvius Picolomini a Citizen of Sienna From Christ 1458. Since Henry the Third King of England Affairs of England three Edwards had Reigned successively from Father to Son Edward the Third had Edward Prince of Wales who died before his Father leaving his Son Richard the Second who Reigned after the Death of his Grandfather Richard was Dethroned by Henry the Fourth Son of Henry Duke of Lancaster youngest Son to Edward the Third Lyonel Duke of Clarence being the next to Edward Prince of Wales Lyonel had a Daughter who was marryed to the Duke of York From Henry the Fourth came Henry the Fifth who had been received in France to succeed Charles the Sixth in right of his Wife Catharine The Quarrel between the House of York and Lancaster Daughter to Charles From that Marriage came Henry the Sixth who was Crowned being a Child King of France in the Church of St. Denis Not long after Edward the Fourth Duke of York descended from Lyonel Duke of Clarence second Son to Edward the Third dethroned and put to death Henry the Sixth and set up himself in his place From Christ 1460. Charles the Seventh King of France suffered himself to die of Hunger for fear of being poysoned having Conquered his Affairs of France Kingdom from the English He might have been called Fortunate if he had had another Father another Mother and another Son This Son was Lewis the Eleventh who succeeded his Father whom he had very ill treated From Christ 1461. After the Death of Tamberlain who had conquered the
Leage and Covenant taken by the The solemn Lâ—ague and Covenant by the Parliament Parliament The City of Glocester besieged by the King and the Siege raised by the Earl of Essex After which hapned the first Newberry Fight where were slain on the The Civil War of England King's side the Earls of Carnarvan and Sunderland with the Lord Faulkland The Queen of England delivered at Oxford of the Lady Catharine who died soon after The Scots came into England to assist the Parliament From Christ 1643. The Emperor's Ambassadors as also the Ambassadors from Spain France Swedeland Holland and others met at Munster in Westphalia to treat of Peace Urban the Eighth departed this life in the 77th year of his Age after he had held Popes the Pontificate 21 years In whose place was elected Baptista Pamphilio in his 70th year who gave himself the Name of Innocent the Tenth The French after a long fatigous Siege The French took Graveling took Graveling Christina Queen of Sweden took the Government of the Kingdom into her The Queen of Sweden Reigned own hands The Queen began her Journey from Oxford to the West took her leave of the King of Abbington The Queen brought to bed of the Princess The Princess Henrietta born Henrietta at Exeter Marston-Moor Fight between the King and Parliament where Cromwell first made himself known After which happened Civil War of England the second Fight at Newberry both unsuccessful to the King Arch-Bishop Laud Beheaded Archbishop Laud beheaded The Queen arrived at Brest in Britany Sir Thomas Fairfax made General by the Parliament and received his Commission Civil War from the House of Commons The Treaty at Uxbridge for a Reconciliation between the King and Parliament broke up without effect From Christ 1644. The Emperor sinding his Forces very much diminishing raise a newd Army and The Imperialistt beaten by the Swedes Ordered publick Supplications to the Virgin Mary whose Image he had redeemed out of the hands of the Swedes But notwithstanding all this meeting Fortstenson the Swedish General near Janowitz in Bohemia he suffered so great an overthrow that Vienna seemed to be in great Danger In the mean time General Wrangel as The Swedish General defeated the Danish General terribly oppressed the Danes and deprived them of several Towns after he had utterly defeated Buckwald the Danish General Besides these Successes the Swedes assisted by the French at Allersheim obtained another great Victory over the Imperialists and drove the Bavarians beyond the Rhyne In this year was fought the fatal Battel Civil War of England of Naseby near Leicester After which Fairfax carried all before him for the Parliament From Christ 1645. In the Low Countries the French took Mardyke Winnoxberg Courtray Dunkirk with other places but not long after lost all again King Charles the First left Oxford in Disguise and went to the Scotish Army who carried him to Newcastle and there upon the payment of two hundred thousand pounds delivered his Majesty up to the Parliament who ordered the King to be brought under Custody to Holmby-House The Great Seal of England broken and defaced Prince of Orange aged 63 years died The Death of the P. of Orange of a Feaver to whom his Son William succeeded as well in his Principality as in his Dignity according to the Conceffion of the States made in the year 1631. From Christ 1646. Leopold Arch Duke of Austria made Governour of Flanders Leopold William Arch-Duke of Austria made Governour of the Low Countries by the King of Spain The Neopolitan Populacy headed by Thomaso Masinello a poor Fisherman made a great Insurrection in that City but were The Death of Mazinello quelled at length and their Leader killed in a Monastery Fairfax marched with his Army thro' the City of London and soon after the Forts and Outworks were slighted The Parliament voted no further Addresses to be made to the King King Charles escap'd from Hampton-Court into the Isle of Wight but was kept Prisoner by Collonel Hammond in Carisbrook-Castle From Christ 1647. A Peace concluded between the Emperor on one side and the Kings of France and Sweden on the other also between the King of Spain and the States of Holland Lewis the Son of Frederic the Palatin was restored to the lower Palatin and made the eighth Elector of the Empire The upper Palatinate continued in the possession of the Duke of Bavaria Christian the Fifth King of Denmark departed K. Charles a prisoner in the Isle of Wight this Life to whom his Son Frederic the Fifth before that Bishop of Breme succeeded Uladislaus King of Poland died to The Death of the K. of Denmark whom his Brother Cazimir succeeded whose Reign was extreamly shaken by the The Death of the K. of Poland Philip IV. married Maria Anna of Spain Seditions of the Cossacks On the other side Philip the Fourth of Spain married with Maria Anna of Austria The Treaty between King Charles the First and the long Parliament broke off and the King brought Prisoner to St. James's sentenced to death by that bold The Death of King Charles the First D. Hamilton the E. of Holland and Lord Capel beheaded Traytor Bradshâ—w and most barbarously Murthered before his own Pallace King Charles the Second began his Reign from that day Duke Hamilton the Earl of Holland and the Lord Capel beheaded in the Palace-Yard before Westminster-Hall The Kingly Office voted unnecessary and troublesom King Charles the Second proclaimed in K. Charles proclaim'd in Scotland Civil War in France Scotland From Christ 1648. A great Discord arising between the King of France and the Parliament of Paris by reason of Cardinal Mazarine's Government Paris besieged by the King but in a little time after these Troubles were compos'd tho but for a short time and Paris sustain'd the loss of a second siege The Venetians burnt the Turks Fleet. The Venetians beat the Turks in a Sea fight In the Port of Foggia seventy two Gallies eighteen Men of War sixty Ships of Burthen and six thousand Men with a Basha slain The Christians losing but ninety Men killed and forty wounded Cromwell made General of the Parliament's Army marched into Scotland From Christ 1649. Towards the end of July William Prince of Orange attempted to make himself Master of Amsterdam by Surprise but fail'd of Success Not long after he died of the The death of the Pr. of Orange Small-pox and his Son William Henry was born eight days after his Decease Descartes the Founder of a new kind of Descartes death Philosophy died at Stockholm in Swedland The Princes of Conde and Conti with The princes of Conti c. made prisoners the Duke of Longueville committed to the Castle of Bois de Vincennes by the Queen Mother and Cardinal Mazarin The Spaniards sold the Dutchy of Pontremoly Pontremoli sold to the Duke of