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after_o a_o belove_a captain_n 32._o and_o general_n which_o show_v how_o formidable_a he_o can_v easy_o have_v make_v himself_o when_o such_o number_n resort_v to_o he_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n when_o he_o have_v they_o he_o never_o use_v they_o for_o any_o hostile_a act_n against_o saul_n or_o any_o of_o his_o force_n he_o never_o stand_v his_o ground_n when_o he_o hear_v saul_n be_v come_v but_o always_o flee_v and_o his_o man_n with_o he_o man_n who_o never_o be_v use_v to_o fly_v and_o be_v very_o ready_a to_o have_v serve_v he_o against_o saul_n himself_o will_v he_o have_v permit_v they_o and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o call_v it_o a_o defensive_a war_n to_o fly_v before_o a_o enemy_n and_o to_o hide_v
and_o in_o all_o the_o statute_n of_o praemunire_n make_v by_o edward_n the_o three_o the_o king_n sovereignty_n independent_a from_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n be_v express_o assert_v and_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o express_o declare_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v so_o free_a that_o it_o be_v under_o no_o earthly_a subjection_n but_o immediate_o subject_a to_o god_n in_o all_o thing_n touch_v the_o regality_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o no_o other_o and_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 24_o and_o 25_o of_o henry_n the_o eight_o express_o declare_v that_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v a_o empire_n govern_v by_o one_o supreme_a head_n and_o king_n and_o the_o crown_n or_o royal_a authority_n be_v also_o thereby_o declare_v imperial_a and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v therein_o stiâ—ed_v king_n or_o emperor_n of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o man_n needs_o to_o doubt_v where_o the_o supreme_a or_o 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and_o create_v new_a dignity_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a as_o also_o to_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n to_o make_v law_n and_o in_o short_a to_o do_v all_o thing_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o monarch_n and_o that_o he_o alone_o be_v the_o sole_a sovereign_a power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n glaâ—vil_n and_o fortescue_n plain_o declare_v the_o former_a of_o which_o 10._o say_v thus_o rex_fw-la nullum_fw-la labour_n potest_fw-la parem_fw-la multò_fw-la minùs_fw-la superiorem_fw-la the_o same_o thing_n be_v also_o repeat_v by_o bracton_n and_o a_o very_a good_a reason_n give_v for_o it_o in_o these_o word_n 9_o omnis_fw-la quidem_fw-la sub_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la sub_fw-la nullo_n nisi_fw-la tantum_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la parem_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la svo_fw-la quia_fw-la sic_fw-la amitteret_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la command_v cum_fw-la par_fw-fr in_fw-la parem_fw-la non_fw-la â—abeâ—_n imperium_fw-la item_n nâ—c_fw-la multò_fw-la fortius_fw-la superiorem_fw-la nec_fw-la potentiorem_fw-la habere_fw-la debeâ—_n quia_fw-la sic_fw-la esset_fw-la inferior_a sibi_fw-la subjectis_fw-la &_o inferiores_fw-la pares_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la potentioribus_fw-la f._n but_o pray_v read_v what_o immediate_o follow_v ipse_fw-la autem_fw-la rex_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la sub_fw-la bomine_fw-la sed_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la &_o sub_fw-la lâ—ge_a quia_fw-la lex_fw-la facit_fw-la regem_fw-la attribuat_fw-la igitur_fw-la rex_fw-la legi_fw-la quod_fw-la lex_fw-la attribuit_fw-la ei_fw-la viz._n dominatiorem_fw-la &_o potestatem_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la rex_fw-la ubi_fw-la dominatur_fw-la voluntas_fw-la &_o â—on_v lex_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n be_v subject_a or_o inferior_a to_o no_o particular_a private_a man_n yet_o that_o he_o have_v a_o superior_a or_o master_n within_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o god_n and_o the_o law_n and_o so_o 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answer_v it_o i_o confess_v it_o appear_v very_o specious_a at_o first_o sight_n but_o what_o if_o i_o show_v you_o that_o this_o letter_n be_v write_v by_o the_o lord_n only_o from_o lincoln_n after_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v dismiss_v from_o thence_o by_o prorogation_n or_o adjournment_n for_o though_o it_o be_v common_o story_v but_o erroneous_o that_o this_o whole_a parliament_n 153._o or_o at_o least_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o the_o commons_o write_v to_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o superiority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v so_o for_o this_o parliament_n meet_v on_o the_o octave_n of_o hillary_n or_o the_o 20_o of_o january_n and_o sit_v but_o eight_o day_n the_o writ_n for_o the_o commons_o expense_n bear_v date_n january_n the_o 30_o of_o the_o same_o year_n writ_n and_o the_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n sign_v by_o the_o temporal_a lord_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a 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in_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n i._n this_o king_n grandfather_n can_v this_o passage_n
be_v particular_a direction_n since_o by_o the_o general_a writ_n of_o summons_n provide_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n the_o sheriff_n of_o each_o county_n be_v to_o summon_v all_o the_o minor_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o only_o the_o more_o discreet_a be_v then_o summon_v nor_o be_v there_o in_o this_o preamble_n the_o least_o hint_n or_o intimation_n of_o any_o writ_n direct_v to_o county_n city_n or_o burgh_n for_o the_o choice_n of_o member_n i_o desire_v you_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o britton_n who_o live_v about_o that_o time_n suppose_v this_o statute_n to_o have_v be_v make_v 95._o per_fw-la la_fw-fr purveance_n de_fw-fr robert_n walerand_n &_o per_fw-la commune_fw-la assent_n des_fw-fr graunt_n signior_n du_fw-fr realm_n by_o the_o procurement_n or_o forecast_n of_o robert_n walerand_n and_o by_o common_a assent_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o the_o realm_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o i_o have_v a_o great_a many_o more_o such_o statute_n to_o instance_n in_o which_o be_v say_v by_o m._n paris_n to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o several_a parliament_n of_o this_o king_n by_o the_o community_n or_o common_a university_n or_o baronage_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o i_o pass_v they_o by_o because_o we_o have_v sufficient_o debate_v most_o of_o they_o already_o f._n if_o only_o some_o of_o your_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v thus_o meet_v and_o make_v law_n to_o bind_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o they_o so_o tame_o put_v up_o this_o strange_a infringement_n of_o their_o privilege_n as_o you_o suppose_v it_o seem_v their_o power_n be_v much_o abate_v since_o the_o 37_o the_o year_n of_o this_o king_n when_o as_o i_o say_v mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o baron_n will_v do_v nothing_o without_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o peer_n who_o it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v then_o omit_v to_o summon_v and_o therefore_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o 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they_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a form_n though_o it_o be_v not_o particula_o express_v and_o therefore_o to_o give_v a_o better_a account_n of_o this_o law_n it_o be_v fit_a we_o consider_v that_o these_o word_n convocatis_fw-la discretioribus_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v no_o more_o restrictive_a to_o some_o particular_a person_n then_o if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o superlative_a degree_n and_o instead_o of_o discretioribus_fw-la it_o have_v be_v discretissimis_fw-la or_o sapientissimis_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o no_o man_n will_v interpret_v to_o mean_v only_o a_o few_o of_o those_o who_o the_o king_n shall_v judge_v the_o wise_a and_o most_o discreet_a man_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o therefore_o we_o must_v not_o mind_v the_o grammatical_a but_o legal_a sense_n of_o these_o word_n and_o then_o it_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o by_o the_o great_a discreet_a man_n be_v mean_v the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a as_o under_o the_o lesser_a discreet_a man_n be_v include_v the_o commons_o but_o that_o these_o minores_fw-la descreti_n can_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o appear_v by_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n in_o these_o word_n provisiones_fw-la ordinationes_fw-la &_o statuta_fw-la subscripta_fw-la â—b_fw-la omnibus_fw-la regni_fw-la ipsius_fw-la incalis_fw-la tam_fw-la majoribus_fw-la quam_fw-la minoribus_fw-la firmiter_fw-la &_o inviolabiliter_fw-la temporibus_fw-la perpetuis_fw-la staâ—neriâ—_n observari_fw-la so_o that_o if_o by_o the_o majores_fw-la iâ—colae_fw-la who_o be_v to_o observe_v these_o statute_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a be_v mean_v then_o by_o the_o minores_fw-la incolae_fw-la regni_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o whole_a commons_o of_o england_n and_o so_o likewise_o for_o parity_n of_o reason_n by_o the_o minores_fw-la discreti_fw-la mention_v before_o in_o the_o preface_n must_v be_v also_o mean_v the_o representatives_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n and_o that_o this_o alone_a can_v be_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o these_o word_n may_v appear_v by_o compare_v this_o statute_n with_o another_o make_v at_o gloucester_n the_o 6_o of_o edward_n i._n where_o in_o the_o preface_n it_o be_v recite_v in_o these_o word_n purvenant_n mâ—sm_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr pour_fw-fr amendment_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr royalme_n &_o pur_fw-it pluis_fw-it plenier_n exhibition_fw-la de_fw-fr droit_fw-fr sicome_n le_fw-fr profit_n d'office_n demand_n appelles_fw-la les_fw-fr pluis_fw-it discretes_n the_o son_n royalme_n auxibien_fw-fr des_fw-fr greindres_n come_v des_fw-fr meindres_n establie_o est_fw-la &_o acordan'ment_n ordain_v so_o that_o if_o the_o commons_o be_v there_o call_v to_o this_o parliament_n and_o if_o by_o the_o greindres_n discretes_n be_v understand_v the_o lord_n then_o by_o the_o like_a reason_n under_o meindres_n discretes_n must_v be_v mean_v the_o
be_v the_o bishop_n the_o nobility_n and_o civitatum_fw-la delegati_fw-la the_o deputy_n or_o commissioner_n of_o town_n and_o city_n for_o sweden_n it_o come_v near_o the_o government_n and_o form_n of_o danemark_n and_o have_v the_o same_o estate_n and_o degree_n of_o people_n as_o among_o the_o dane_n that_o be_v to_o say_v proceres_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n episcopi_fw-la &_o ecclesiastici_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n civitates_fw-la &_o vniversitates_fw-la the_o city_n and_o town_n corporate_a for_o so_o i_o think_v he_o mean_v by_o vniversitates_fw-la as_o tâ—uanus_n muster_v they_o 131._o to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v though_o here_o omit_v by_o this_o author_n the_o delegate_n of_o the_o rustic_n or_o husbandman_n who_o make_v a_o four_o estate_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o in_o this_o realm_n the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n enjoy_v the_o place_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n notwithstanding_o the_o alteration_n of_o religion_n to_o this_o very_a day_n the_o bishop_n in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o clergy_n out_o of_o every_o sochen_n a_o division_n like_o our_o rural_a deanery_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o rest_n have_v a_o necessary_a vote_n in_o all_o their_o parliament_n and_n this_v swedish_n great_a council_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o it_o come_v very_o near_o our_o constitution_n in_o england_n in_o which_o i_o prove_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o the_o commons_o not_o except_v the_o mean_a freeholder_n ancient_o have_v their_o representative_n so_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o strange_a thing_n that_o can_v have_v be_v observe_v in_o all_o the_o political_a constitution_n on_o this_o side_n of_o europe_n if_o that_o of_o england_n though_o descend_v from_o the_o same_o gothick_n original_a and_o found_v according_a to_o the_o same_o model_n shall_v have_v have_v no_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o or_o plebian_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o dr._n here_o conclude_v with_o scotland_n and_o england_n the_o former_a of_o which_o since_o you_o agree_v to_o have_v have_v from_o all_o time_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n i_o need_v not_o repeat_v what_o be_v there_o since_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o you_o yourself_o have_v grant_v and_o as_o for_o england_n he_o own_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o passage_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v out_o of_o this_o chapter_n 193._o that_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n be_v call_v to_o a_o parliament_n hold_v under_o henry_n the_o ad_fw-la at_o clerkâ—nwell_n m_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o there_o be_v representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o all_o those_o kingdom_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v out_o of_o dr._n heylins_n treatise_n yet_o whether_o they_o be_v there_o from_o the_o very_a first_o institution_n of_o those_o government_n be_v much_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o since_o i_o have_v not_o now_o leisure_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o original_a of_o all_o these_o kingdom_n nor_o at_o what_o time_n each_o state_n begin_v to_o come_v to_o these_o great_a council_n give_v i_o leave_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o remark_n that_o all_o these_o kingdom_n except_o sweden_n come_v near_o to_o that_o constitution_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v ancient_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o also_o other_o kingdom_n where_o feudatory_a tenor_n be_v observe_v and_o consequent_o none_o but_o the_o chief_a lord_n or_o baron_n by_o knight_n service_n 96._o and_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o all_o those_o foreign_a council_n or_o dyeâ—s_n etc._n etc._n at_o first_o be_v all_o the_o same_o as_o consist_v of_o emperor_n or_o king_n with_o their_o earl_n and_o baron_n bishop_n and_o great_a officer_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o all_o the_o old_a german_a and_o french_a author_n and_o since_o city_n send_v deputy_n in_o germany_n and_o italy_n 126._o they_o be_v only_o from_o imperial_a city_n the_o like_a i_o believe_v will_v be_v find_v in_o france_n and_o those_o other_o kingdom_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v but_o you_o can_v show_v i_o unless_o in_o sweden_n any_o representative_n elect_v by_o the_o common_a people_n or_o rustic_n distinct_a from_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n like_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n in_o england_n so_o that_o i_o still_o doubt_v whether_o all_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o other_o nobility_n that_o appear_v in_o the_o council_n of_o these_o kingdom_n be_v not_o all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o f._n that_o this_o be_v a_o mere_a surmise_n of_o you_o i_o think_v i_o can_v easy_o prove_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o clergy_n who_o still_o make_v the_o first_o estate_n in_o all_o these_o kingdom_n nothing_o be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o they_o never_o any_o of_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o 〈◊〉_d in_o their_o great_a council_n by_o that_o tenure_n that_o institution_n be_v for_o aught_o as_o i_o know_v peculiar_a to_o england_n and_o introduce_v by_o your_o conqueror_n as_o you_o yourself_o acknowledge_v and_o as_o for_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n you_o will_v find_v that_o in_o france_n not_o only_o those_o nobleman_n that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o military_a service_n but_o those_o who_o hold_v in_o libero_fw-la alodio_n without_o any_o such_o service_n at_o all_o have_v place_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o deputy_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n so_o likewise_o for_o the_o city_n and_o town_n that_o send_v deputy_n to_o it_o i_o believe_v you_o will_v not_o find_v that_o any_o of_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o to_o come_v to_o germany_n you_o be_v likewise_o as_o much_o mistake_v in_o fancy_v that_o all_o the_o imperial_a city_n be_v subject_a immediate_o to_o the_o emperor_n before_o they_o become_v so_o for_o hamburgh_n and_o lubec_n be_v subject_a to_o their_o own_o prince_n the_o former_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o sleswic_n and_o the_o latter_a to_o earl_n of_o its_o own_o till_o at_o last_o they_o either_o purchase_v their_o liberty_n they_o enjoy_v from_o their_o prince_n or_o else_o cast_v they_o off_o and_o be_v after_o receive_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o diet_n by_o the_o bull_n or_o charter_n of_o several_a emperor_n 30._o and_o so_o likewise_o brunswick_n be_v always_o a_o fâ—â—e_a city_n till_o it_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o empire_n by_o its_o own_o consent_n i_o can_v show_v you_o the_o like_a of_o several_a other_o city_n now_o call_v imperial_a who_o hold_v ancient_o not_o of_o the_o emperor_n but_o either_o of_o their_o own_o earl_n or_o bishop_n though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v the_o charter_n of_o the_o emperor_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n that_o give_v they_o a_o place_n in_o those_o assembly_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o these_o kingdom_n the_o mere_a rustic_n or_o paisant_n have_v no_o representative_n in_o their_o great_a council_n yet_o this_o make_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o case_n if_o you_o please_v to_o consider_v it_o for_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v the_o only_a true_a and_o proper_a owner_n of_o the_o land_n of_o those_o kingdom_n all_o the_o rustic_n or_o paisant_n be_v mere_a vassal_n and_o in_o france_n almost_o slave_n to_o their_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n who_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v have_v all_o alike_a vote_n in_o their_o assembly_n of_o estate_n as_o well_o those_o who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a by_o knight_n service_n as_o those_o that_o do_v not_o whereas_o it_o be_v always_o far_o otherwise_o in_o england_n where_o the_o mean_a freeholder_n be_v always_o as_o free_a as_o to_o his_o person_n and_o estate_n as_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o who_o he_o hold_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o have_v have_v from_o all_o time_n those_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o yeoman_n so_o peculiar_a to_o england_n as_o fortiscut_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la take_v notice_n who_o if_o they_o live_v on_o their_o own_o land_n have_v no_o more_o dependence_n on_o the_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n than_o they_o have_v now_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o these_o shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o have_v most_o of_o they_o a_o far_o less_o share_n in_o the_o riches_n and_o real_a estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n second_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n except_o
england_n and_o scotland_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n in_o point_n of_o privilege_n as_o to_o be_v tax_v or_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n between_o the_o high_a nobility_n such_o as_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n marquess_n and_o count_n and_o simple_a gentleman_n whereas_o in_o england_n it_o have_v be_v always_o otherwise_o at_o least_o since_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n have_v by_o 〈◊〉_d tenor_n place_n as_o lord_n or_o peer_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o make_v a_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n whereas_o in_o other_o country_n the_o high_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v reckon_v as_o all_o one_o estate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n or_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v be_v as_o very_a vassal_n as_o to_o their_o estate_n to_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o boor_n in_o germany_n or_o the_o paisant_n in_o france_n be_v to_o their_o lord_n by_o who_o they_o be_v tax_v aâ—_n their_o pleasure_n which_o they_o never_o be_v in_o england_n as_o we_o can_v find_v either_o from_o history_n or_o record_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v the_o municipal_a law_n of_o each_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n that_o must_v determine_v what_o be_v the_o govern_v part_n of_o the_o people_n in_o those_o country_n yet_o though_o that_o be_v not_o absolute_o the_o same_o in_o all_o of_o they_o as_o it_o be_v in_o england_n yet_o we_o find_v it_o so_o in_o the_o main_a and_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n do_v sufficient_o assert_v the_o right_n of_o the_o plebian_n or_o common_a people_n who_o make_v the_o 3d_o estate_n in_o those_o great_a council_n but_o i_o must_v here_o except_v sweden_n in_o which_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o mere_a rustic_n or_o boor_n have_v always_o their_o own_o deputy_n in_o their_o diet_n as_o well_o as_o the_o city_n and_o town_n and_o if_o sweden_n have_v this_o privilege_n i_o can_v see_v why_o the_o english_a gentry_n and_o yeomanry_n who_o make_v but_o one_o body_n of_o commons_o may_v not_o have_v have_v the_o like_a till_o you_o can_v show_v i_o more_o sufficient_a proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n m_o well_o siâ—_n i_o shall_v consider_v of_o what_o you_o say_v but_o since_o it_o grow_v late_a that_o we_o may_v wind_v up_o this_o conversation_n as_o fast_o as_o we_o can_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o though_o i_o shall_v admit_v all_o that_o you_o have_v hitherto_o aver_v for_o truth_n and_o that_o we_o shall_v grant_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v as_o ancient_a a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o any_o of_o the_o other_o two_o what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o main_a point_n in_o question_n between_o we_o viz_o that_o of_o nonresistance_a of_o the_o king_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o or_o how_o can_v you_o justsfie_v those_o of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n and_o contribute_v so_o much_o as_o they_o have_v do_v to_o the_o drive_v he_o away_o and_o in_o bring_v thing_n to_o this_o confusion_n they_o be_v now_o in_o since_o let_v your_o constitution_n of_o great_a council_n and_o parliament_n be_v never_o so_o ancient_a let_v we_o also_o for_o once_o suppose_v they_o as_o you_o do_v to_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o the_o nation_n yet_o how_o can_v this_o authorise_v they_o much_o less_o any_o private_a person_n out_o of_o parliament_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o since_o the_o whole_a current_n both_o of_o common_a as_o well_o as_o statute-law_n run_v direct_o against_o you_o and_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n assert_v that_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o militia_n or_o military_a force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v even_o so_o absolute_o in_o the_o king_n power_n and_o at_o his_o disposal_n that_o no_o man_n can_v without_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n take_v up_o arm_n whether_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a without_o his_o commission_n to_o authorise_v he_o to_o do_v it_o so_o that_o no_o government_n in_o the_o world_n be_v more_o averse_a to_o all_o forcible_a resistance_n than_o our_o own_o the_o king_n have_v be_v even_o from_o your_o time_n beyond_o memory_n so_o full_o possess_v of_o the_o whole_a militia_n or_o power_n of_o raise_v offensive_a or_o defensive_a arm_n in_o this_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v express_o forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o seven_o ed._n i._o against_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o treatise_n with_o force_n of_o arm_n in_o which_o the_o king_n set_v forth_o that_o in_o the_o last_o parliament_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commonalry_n in_o latin_a communitas_fw-la or_o body_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v say_v that_o to_o we_o i_o e._n to_o the_o king_n it_o belong_v and_o our_o part_n it_o be_v through_o our_o royal_a seigneury_n to_o defend_v that_o be_v in_o old_a french_a to_o forbid_v force_v of_o armour_n and_o all_o other_o force_n against_o our_o peace_n at_o all_o time_n when_o it_o shall_v please_v we_o and_o to_o punish_v they_o according_a to_o our_o law_n and_o usage_n of_o our_o realm_n and_o hereunto_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o aid_v we_o as_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n as_o oft_o as_o need_v shall_v be_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o forbid_v all_o manner_n of_o arm_n or_o arm_a force_n within_o the_o realm_n so_o that_o no_o man_n can_v lawful_o arm_v himself_o without_o his_o authority_n and_o this_o be_v further_a confirm_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o ed._n the_o three_o concern_v treason_n wherein_o it_o be_v declare_v without_o any_o except_a case_n to_o the_o contrary_a that_o to_o levy_v war_n against_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n in_o this_o realm_n or_o to_o be_v adherent_a to_o the_o king_n enemy_n in_o his_o realm_n give_v they_o aid_n or_o comfort_n in_o the_o realm_n or_o elsewhere_o be_v treason_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o this_o statute_n say_v thus_o that_o this_o be_v high_a treason_n before_o by_o the_o common_a law_n for_o no_o subject_n can_v levy_v war_n within_o the_o realm_n without_o authority_n from_o the_o king_n and_o if_o any_o man_n levy_n war_n to_o expulse_v stranger_n to_o deliver_v man_n out_o of_o prison_n to_o remove_v wicked_a councillor_n or_o against_o any_o statute_n or_o to_o any_o other_o end_n pretend_v reformation_n on_o their_o own_o head_n without_o warrant_n this_o be_v levy_v of_o war_n against_o the_o king_n because_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o royal_a authority_n from_o which_o statute_n as_o also_o from_o your_o own_o oracle_n sir_n ed._n coke_n be_v interpretation_n of_o it_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_a treason_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n person_n but_o to_o take_v arm_n to_o make_v any_o reformation_n or_o alteration_n in_o church_n or_o state_n without_o the_o king_n authority_n nor_o can_v any_o subject_n of_o england_n justify_v the_o take_a arm_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o king_n commission_n and_o therefore_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n in_o the_o case_n of_o dr._n story_n report_n who_o be_v execute_v for_o treason_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v with_o one_o consent_n agree_v that_o the_o very_a consultation_n concern_v make_v war_n against_o the_o queen_n shall_v be_v interpret_v a_o make_v war_n against_o her_o person_n and_o suppose_v a_o design_n against_o her_o life_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o by_o the_o ancient_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a law_n of_o england_n all_o defensive_a as_o well_o as_o offensive_a arm_n be_v express_o forbid_v and_o condemn_v f._n i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v out_o notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o all_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o â—im_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v treason_n as_o you_o suppose_v that_o it_o be_v every_o man_n duty_n to_o oppose_v he_o in_o case_n he_o go_v about_o to_o set_v up_o instead_o of_o a_o legal_a monarchy_n a_o tyrannical_a arbitrary_a power_n in_o this_o nation_n since_o this_o be_v but_o to_o preserve_v the_o original_a constitution_n of_o parliament_n which_o in_o some_o case_n can_v be_v maintain_v without_o such_o a_o resistance_n be_v allow_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o our_o statute_n as_o for_o the_o first_o you_o urge_v
he_o be_v make_v king_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o their_o take_n of_o land_n from_o he_o can_v make_v he_o become_v a_o absolute_a and_o irresistible_a monarch_n over_o they_o and_o their_o descendant_n so_o that_o if_o upon_o your_o supposition_n all_o the_o owner_n of_o land_n in_o england_n at_o this_o day_n hold_v their_o estate_n either_o by_o descent_n or_o purchase_n from_o those_o ancient_a norman_n or_o french_a proprietor_n they_o must_v also_o succeed_v to_o the_o same_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n as_o those_o under_o who_o they_o claim_v do_v former_o enjoy_v but_o before_o i_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o you_o have_v say_v against_o my_o proof_n of_o the_o formal_a election_n of_o king_n william_n for_o if_o the_o keep_n of_o a_o guard_n about_o the_o place_n where_o the_o king_n be_v elect_v and_o crown_v shall_v void_a the_o freedom_n of_o the_o election_n i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o election_n of_o any_o elective_a king_n or_o monarch_n no_o not_o of_o the_o german_a emperor_n himself_o will_v hold_v good_n as_o for_o the_o other_o reason_n that_o they_o can_v not_o choose_v but_o â—lect_v he_o that_o be_v yet_o more_o trivial_a for_o there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o one_o thaâ—_n stand_v to_o be_v choose_v they_o can_v indeed_o choose_v no_o other_o but_o if_o not_o have_v a_o liberty_n to_o refuse_v must_v void_a the_o right_n of_o election_n pray_v consider_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o canonical_a election_n of_o bishop_n in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n therefore_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o king_n william_n i._o be_v as_o lawful_o and_o free_o elect_v as_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n his_o predecessor_n who_o all_o author_n agree_v to_o have_v have_v no_o other_o title_n and_o williâ—lmus_n gemeticensis_n in_o the_o place_n i_o now_o cite_v tell_v we_o he_o be_v elect_v king_n as_o well_o of_o the_o norman_a as_o english_a noble_n and_o if_o the_o custom_n have_v not_o â—â—en_o â—â—cen_v to_o elâ—â—â—_n the_o king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v it_o be_v not_o likely_a thaâ—_n your_o conqueror_n will_v have_v introduce_v a_o new_a custom_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o his_o pretend_a right_n by_o conquest_n but_o indeed_o there_o be_v not_o only_o more_o cogent_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o crown_n be_v former_o elective_a than_o â—he_v constant_a usage_n as_o you_o yourself_o confess_v ever_o since_o your_o preâ—ended_a conquest_n to_o this_o day_n of_o ask_v the_o people_n whether_o they_o be_v content_a to_o have_v such_o a_o one_o for_o their_o king_n as_o for_o your_o doctor_n quotation_n out_o of_o william_n of_o â—oictoâ—_n pray_v take_v notice_n that_o he_o place_v your_o conqueror_n hereditary_a bequest_n together_o with_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o english_a as_o his_o best_a title_n and_o the_o right_n of_o war_n last_o by_o which_o this_o author_n do_v not_o understand_v a_o conquest_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n but_o his_o prevail_a against_o harold_n m._n i_o do_v own_o with_o the_o learned_a dr._n b._n that_o the_o descendant_n of_o those_o ancient_a norman_a and_o freâ—â—h_a earl_n and_o baron_n than_o come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n and_o their_o posterity_n afterward_o see_v the_o yoke_n of_o feudal_a tenor_n and_o other_o prerogative_n this_o king_n and_o his_o descendant_n exercise_v over_o they_o to_o press_v as_o hard_o upon_o they_o as_o the_o ancient_a english_a be_v those_o that_o make_v such_o a_o disturbance_n for_o their_o right_n and_o liberties_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o h._n john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v their_o ancestor_n be_v never_o conquer_v and_o consequent_o can_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o he_o as_o to_o a_o conqueror_n 〈◊〉_d may_v for_o all_o this_o maintain_v that_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n be_v as_o much_o bind_v to_o a_o absolute_a subjection_n without_o any_o resistance_n aâ—_n the_o english_a who_o they_o conquer_v for_o they_o be_v either_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o aâ—â—mandâ—_n before_o his_o come_a oâ—eâ—_n hither_o or_o else_o be_v such_o volunteer_n who_o follow_v he_o but_o of_o hope_n of_o estate_n and_o brâ—ferment_n be_v for_o all_o those_o of_o the_o former_a 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d be_v his_o subject_n before_o they_o be_v tie_v not_o only_o by_o their_o 〈◊〉_d oath_n of_o a_o regiance_n which_o they_o have_v take_v in_o normandy_n but_o be_v also_o bind_v by_o the_o same_o obligation_n of_o non_fw-fr resistance_n as_o all_o other_o subject_n must_v always_o be_v both_o in_o that_o and_o all_o other_o government_n to_o all_o which_o be_v add_v another_o obligation_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o who_o be_v not_o his_o subject_n before_o his_o entrance_n since_o this_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v by_o conquest_n the_o conqueror_n as_o appear_v in_o that_o he_o bestow_v the_o 〈◊〉_d part_n of_o 〈◊〉_d his_o followeâ—â—_n who_o blood_n run_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o vein_n of_o most_o of_o our_o english_a gentry_n and_o nobility_n as_o a_o reward_n for_o their_o service_n and_o assistance_n though_o he_o may_v have_v some_o part_n to_o the_o english_a native_n and_o their_o heir_n yet_o so_o aâ—_n that_o he_o alter_v the_o tenure_n and_o make_v it_o descend_v with_o such_o burden_n as_o he_o please_v to_o lay_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o as_o well_o â—his_v own_o countryman_n norman_n as_o those_o of_o all_o other_o nation_n who_o thus_o become_v subject_n and_o feudatary_n to_o he_o for_o all_o the_o land_n they_o possess_v in_o england_n since_o he_o be_v the_o only_a directus_fw-la dominus_fw-la or_o lord_n paramount_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v also_o his_o vassal_n and_o subject_n for_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o rebellion_n or_o death_n without_o heir_n those_o land_n be_v to_o return_v to_o he_o again_o and_o to_o be_v aâ—_n his_o dispossal_n so_o that_o all_o subject_n as_o well_o norman_n as_o other_o foreigner_n who_o have_v land_n grant_v to_o they_o by_o the_o conqueror_n thus_o become_v his_o homines_fw-la ligei_n liegeman_n and_o do_v owe_v faith_n and_o true_a allegiance_n to_o he_o as_o their_o supreme_a and_o liege_n lord_n as_o the_o king_n be_v call_v in_o several_a statute_n and_o the_o definition_n of_o liegeancy_n be_v set_v down_o to_o the_o grand_a customary_a of_o normandy_n ligeantia_fw-la est_fw-la ex_fw-la quâ_fw-la domino_fw-la tementur_fw-la vasalli_n svi_fw-la &c_n &c_n that_o be_v liegeancy_n be_v a_o obligation_n upon_o all_o subject_n to_o take_v part_n with_o their_o liege_n lord_n against_o all_o man_n live_v to_o aid_v and_o assist_v he_o with_o their_o body_n and_o good_n and_o with_o their_o advice_n and_o power_n 〈◊〉_d to_o lift_v up_o their_o hand_n against_o he_o nor_o to_o support_v in_o any_o wise_a those_o who_o oppose_v he_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o supreme_a or_o liege_n lord_n be_v likewise_o bind_v to_o govern_v and_o defend_v his_o liege_n people_n according_a to_o the_o right_n custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o country_n yet_o be_v he_o not_o liable_a to_o resistance_n much_o less_o forfeiture_n if_o he_o neglect_v it_o for_o though_o if_o subject_n break_v their_o covenant_n and_o prove_v disloyal_a all_o their_o land_n and_o other_o right_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n yea_o if_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a lord_n break_v his_o oaâ—â—â—_n notwithstanding_o his_o sail_v therein_o neither_o his_o crown_n nor_o any_o right_n belong_v to_o his_o royal_a dignity_n be_v thereby_o forfeit_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o inequality_n be_v because_o the_o king_n give_v law_n to_o the_o people_n but_o the_o people_n do_v not_o give_v law_n to_o he_o so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o however_o you_o 〈◊〉_d the_o conqueror_n entrance_n whether_o by_o the_o sword_n or_o to_o avoid_v the_o envy_n of_o the_o title_n of_o a_o conqueror_n by_o a_o voluntary_a submission_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n to_o he_o as_o to_o their_o sovereign_n the_o conclusion_n can_v vary_v because_o the_o duty_n of_o nonresistance_n arise_v from_o their_o own_o act_n they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o be_v his_o true_a and_o loyal_a subject_n with_o which_o oath_n resistance_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n consist_v f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v take_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v for_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n since_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v do_v you_o little_a service_n whether_o you_o make_v use_v of_o it_o either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o norman_n or_o other_o foreigner_n for_o as_o to_o the_o soâ—mâ—r_n it_o appear_v from_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o normandy_n that_o the_o duke_n be_v no_o absolute_a monarch_n there_o but_o feudatary_a to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o far_o can_v make_v no_o law_n nor_o impose_v tax_n in_o normandy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o duchy_n as_o
carry_v on_o with_o great_a vigour_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o after_o divers_a change_n of_o fortune_n the_o empress_n be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o quit_v the_o kingdom_n yet_o her_o son_n duke_n henry_n do_v not_o fail_v to_o continue_v his_o claim_n to_o the_o crown_n in_o right_a of_o his_o mother_n and_o come_v over_o into_o england_n renew_v the_o war_n against_o king_n stephen_n which_o be_v at_o last_o compose_v by_o a_o agreement_n between_o they_o which_o as_o matthew_n paris_z and_o mat._n westminster_n relate_v it_o 246._o be_v thus_o that_o king_n stephen_n acknowledge_v in_o a_o assembly_n of_o bishop_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o duke_n henry_n have_v a_o hereditary_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o duke_n thereupon_o as_o kind_o grant_v that_o king_n stephen_n shall_v peaceable_o possess_v it_o during_o his_o life_n so_o that_o it_o be_v certain_a till_o this_o agreement_n even_o by_o his_o own_o acknowledgement_n he_o have_v no_o right_a to_o it_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o empress_n maud_n for_o some_o reason_n we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o give_v a_o true_a account_n of_o never_o take_v upon_o she_o the_o title_n of_o queen_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o she_o act_v as_o such_o during_o all_o the_o time_n she_o be_v in_o england_n receive_v homage_n and_o fealty_n from_o those_o lord_n and_o other_o who_o come_v over_o to_o her_o side_n and_o also_o grant_v charter_n and_o confer_v honour_n by_o the_o title_n of_o anglorum_fw-la domina_fw-la which_o show_v she_o look_v upon_o herself_o to_o be_v the_o supreme_a governess_n of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o not_o under_o the_o title_n of_o queen_n so_o that_o i_o think_v you_o can_v find_v nothing_o in_o this_o transaction_n that_o can_v support_v your_o notion_n of_o vacancy_n f._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v before_o you_o proceed_v far_o first_o i_o can_v excuse_v neither_o king_n stephen_n for_o take_v the_o crown_n nor_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n that_o set_v it_o on_o his_o head_n from_o perjury_n and_o injustice_n since_o the_o empress_n maud_n have_v be_v before_o in_o a_o common-council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n declare_v the_o lawful_a successor_n and_o that_o fealty_n have_v be_v swear_v to_o she_o as_o such_o all_o that_o i_o insist_v upon_o in_o this_o affair_n be_v this_o that_o quod_fw-la furi_fw-la non_fw-la debâ—t_fw-la factum_fw-la valet_fw-la and_o though_o this_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v do_v yet_o when_o once_o do_v do_v stand_v good_a and_o therefore_o if_o whilst_o the_o throne_n be_v vacant_a king_n stephen_n by_o the_o election_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n be_v place_v therein_o he_o be_v there_o look_v upon_o as_o true_a and_o legal_a king_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o empress_n never_o take_v upon_o she_o the_o title_n of_o queen_n of_o england_n no_o not_o when_o she_o have_v take_v king_n stephen_n prisoner_n and_o one_o will_v have_v think_v may_v have_v just_o do_v it_o as_o a_o conqueress_n but_o yet_o she_o forbear_v it_o because_o that_o title_n be_v not_o then_o to_o be_v take_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o i_o can_v find_v she_o ever_o hold_v her_o party_n be_v not_o great_a enough_o to_o make_v one_o and_o though_o i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o she_o may_v in_o some_o particular_n exercise_v some_o prerogative_n of_o royal_a power_n yet_o this_o be_v only_o upon_o a_o pretence_n of_o her_o be_v elect_v and_o style_v by_o this_o title_n of_o lady_n of_o the_o english_a in_o a_o synod_n of_o the_o clergy_n at_o winchester_n by_o the_o procurement_n of_o henry_n the_o then_o bishop_n of_o that_o see_v and_o the_o pope_n legate_n who_o be_v now_o turn_v against_o his_o brother_n king_n stephen_n for_o she_o be_v never_o general_o receive_v nor_o own_a as_o queen_n nor_o do_v she_o ever_o exercise_v those_o great_a prerogative_n of_o sovereign_a power_n viz._n call_v of_o great_a council_n make_v of_o law_n raise_v of_o tax_n or_o coin_v mony_n but_o whereas_o you_o represent_v king_n stephen_n to_o have_v be_v elect_v but_o by_o a_o very_a small_a party_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o nobleman_n of_o england_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o much_o to_o be_v doubt_v whether_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n who_o dedicate_v his_o history_n to_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n king_n stephen_n great_a enemy_n be_v no_o friend_n to_o his_o title_n be_v to_o be_v altogether_o credit_v in_o this_o matter_n for_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o tell_v we_o express_o 386._o that_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la juraverant_fw-la tam_fw-la praesules_fw-la quam_fw-la consules_a &_o principes_fw-la assensum_fw-la stephano_n praebutrunt_fw-la &_o hominium_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la and_o it_o be_v also_o as_o certain_a that_o the_o 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it_o will_v be_v leave_v in_o her_o power_n not_o only_o to_o govern_v herself_o but_o by_o marry_v to_o choose_v a_o king_n for_o her_o subject_n who_o they_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o and_o therefore_o we_o read_v that_o in_o diverse_a of_o the_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n woman_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o succession_n nor_o be_v these_o the_o only_a question_n that_o either_o may_v then_o or_o else_o have_v in_o latter_a age_n be_v start_v concern_v succession_n in_o kingdom_n 158._o and_o principality_n and_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a dispute_n between_o pretender_n to_o crown_n where_o a_o king_n die_v without_o lawful_a issue_n as_o whether_o a_o grandson_n by_o a_o young_a daughter_n shall_v inherit_v before_o a_o granddaughter_n by_o a_o elder_a daughter_n whether_o the_o elder_a son_n by_o a_o concubine_n before_o the_o young_a son_n by_o a_o wife_n from_o whence_o also_o will_v arise_v many_o question_n concern_v legitimation_n and_o what_o by_o 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be_v not_o only_o without_o all_o ground_n of_o reason_n but_o above_o common_a apprehension_n m._n you_o have_v make_v a_o long_a speech_n in_o answer_n to_o my_o hypothesis_n which_o since_o you_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o i_o can_v likewise_o show_v you_o another_o very_a good_a reason_n why_o the_o people_n shall_v love_v and_o reverence_v their_o prince_n and_o that_o be_v those_o great_a liberty_n and_o concession_n that_o all_o the_o monarch_n of_o europe_n have_v grant_v their_o subject_n which_o be_v now_o past_a into_o the_o settle_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o those_o kingdom_n with_o which_o the_o people_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o well_o content_v nor_o ought_v they_o to_o rebel_n or_o resist_v though_o they_o may_v sometime_o out_o of_o wantonness_n and_o necessity_n infringe_v or_o entrench_v upon_o those_o privilege_n which_o they_o or_o their_o ancestor_n have_v confer_v upon_o they_o since_o they_o can_v never_o forseit_v that_o power_n they_o have_v original_o over_o 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that_o upon_o sir_n r._n f_n hypothesis_n which_o i_o shall_v do_v as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v remember_v in_o the_o word_n of_o that_o excellent_a person_n the_o late_a earl_n of_o clarendon_n in_o his_o survey_n of_o mr._n hobbs_n leviathan_n 70._o who_o supposeâ—_n according_a to_o this_o hypothesis_n that_o some_o one_o of_o noah_n be_v descendant_n be_v a_o absolute_a monarch_n at_o first_o over_o all_o his_o posterity_n which_o may_v continue_v in_o his_o line_n for_o some_o age_n till_o at_o last_o their_o relation_n by_o blood_n to_o their_o subject_n be_v remove_v at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n that_o the_o account_n of_o their_o kindred_n or_o relation_n to_o each_o other_o be_v scarce_o remember_v whereby_o they_o who_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n still_o express_v less_o paternal_a affection_n in_o their_o government_n look_v upon_o those_o they_o govern_v as_o mere_a subject_n and_o not_o as_o their_o kinsman_n or_o ally_n till_o by_o degree_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o exorbitant_a power_n they_o consider_v only_o the_o extent_n of_o their_o own_o jurisdiction_n and_o what_o they_o may_v rather_o than_o what_o they_o shall_v do_v treat_v they_o who_o be_v under_o they_o not_o as_o subject_n but_o as_o slave_n who_o have_v no_o right_a to_o any_o thing_n but_o what_o they_o permit_v they_o they_o will_v allow_v they_o to_o possess_v nothing_o but_o what_o they_o have_v no_o occasion_n to_o take_v away_o estate_n they_o have_v none_o that_o they_o can_v call_v their_o own_o because_o when_o their_o prince_n call_v for_o they_o they_o be_v he_o their_o person_n be_v at_o his_o command_n when_o he_o have_v either_o occasion_n or_o appetite_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o their_o child_n inherit_v nothing_o but_o their_o father_n subjection_n so_o that_o they_o be_v happy_a or_o miserable_a as_o he_o who_o have_v the_o power_n over_o they_o please_v to_o exercise_v it_o with_o more_o or_o less_o rigour_n or_o indulgence_n yet_o they_o 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expense_n since_o the_o profit_n thereof_o may_v be_v give_v to_o another_o man_n and_o that_o if_o the_o subject_n do_v not_o enjoy_v the_o convenience_n of_o life_n they_o can_v not_o be_v sure_a of_o their_o help_n and_o affection_n whenever_o they_o shall_v have_v war_n with_o another_o prince_n as_o absolute_a as_o themselves_o but_o they_o will_v rather_o choose_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o he_o under_o who_o government_n they_o may_v live_v with_o great_a liberty_n and_o satisfaction_n and_o last_o that_o if_o they_o engross_v all_o the_o wealth_n and_o power_n into_o their_o own_o hand_n they_o shall_v find_v none_o who_o will_v defend_v they_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o that_o subjection_n which_o love_n and_o duty_n pay_v and_o that_o which_o result_v only_o from_o fear_n and_o force_v since_o despair_v often_o put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o duty_n which_o reason_n and_o it_o may_v be_v conscience_n will_v otherwise_o have_v persuade_v they_o still_o to_o continue_v and_o therefore_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o their_o subject_n shall_v find_v ease_n and_o profit_n in_o obey_v as_o well_o as_o king_n pleasure_n in_o command_v these_o wise_a and_o wholesome_a reflection_n may_v prevail_v with_o prince_n for_o their_o own_o as_o well_o as_o subject_n benefit_n to_o restrain_v their_o power_n and_o to_o make_v it_o less_o absolute_a that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o useful_a and_o to_o give_v their_o subject_n such_o a_o property_n in_o their_o good_n and_o land_n as_o shall_v not_o be_v invade_v but_o in_o such_o case_n and_o on_o such_o occasion_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o government_n real_o require_v but_o as_o they_o find_v the_o benefit_n arise_v from_o these_o condescension_n high_o tend_v to_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o riches_n and_o civility_n of_o their_o subject_n with_o all_o those_o addition_n of_o pleasure_n and_o industry_n which_o render_v man_n life_n as_o well_o as_o the_o government_n easy_a and_o pleasant_a they_o still_o in_o several_a generation_n enlarge_v these_o grace_n and_o concession_n to_o their_o subject_n yet_o reserve_v all_o in_o themselves_o that_o they_o do_v not_o part_n with_o by_o their_o voluntary_a grant_n or_o concession_n and_o if_o we_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o several_a kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n we_o shall_v see_v another_o face_n of_o thing_n both_o of_o power_n and_o riches_n in_o those_o government_n where_o these_o condescension_n and_o concession_n have_v be_v best_o observe_v than_o in_o those_o kingdom_n where_o the_o sovereign_n either_o retain_v or_o resume_v to_o themselves_o all_o those_o right_n or_o prerogative_n which_o be_v invest_v in_o they_o from_o the_o original_a nature_n of_o government_n so_o that_o there_o still_o remain_v enough_o in_o the_o prince_n hand_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o own_o power_n and_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o who_o benefit_n it_o be_v entrust_v with_o he_o by_o god_n so_o far_o the_o late_a great_a chancellor_n and_o these_o privilege_n and_o condescension_n be_v once_o past_a into_o constant_a and_o stand_v â—aws_n by_o the_o prince_n that_o give_v they_o and_o also_o solemn_o swear_v to_o by_o their_o coronation_n oath_n do_v for_o the_o future_a bind_v not_o only_o those_o prince_n that_o grant_v they_o but_o also_o their_o successor_n to_o their_o observation_n and_o i_o then_o look_v upon_o they_o bind_v under_o pain_n of_o damnation_n not_o to_o break_v or_o infringe_v they_o without_o very_o great_a necessity_n but_o however_o if_o they_o shall_v happen_v so_o to_o do_v since_o they_o be_v matter_n of_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n at_o the_o first_o and_o not_o of_o right_n the_o prince_n that_o thus_o transgress_v they_o be_v only_o accountable_a to_o god_n and_o punishable_a by_o he_o and_o not_o by_o
their_o subject_n for_o any_o breach_n or_o infringement_n of_o such_o liberty_n and_o immunity_n and_o this_o may_v serve_v against_o the_o fancy_n of_o all_o those_o who_o think_v prince_n have_v nothing_o but_o what_o the_o people_n have_v give_v they_o and_o likewise_o against_o such_o as_o mr._n hobbs_n who_o maintain_v so_o much_o be_v confer_v on_o they_o that_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o leave_v no_o body_n else_o any_o thing_n to_o enjoy_v that_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o take_v from_o they_o and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o much_o better_a security_n for_o the_o people_n liberty_n to_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o honour_n and_o conscience_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o that_o fear_v they_o ought_v to_o have_v of_o the_o divine_a vengeance_n in_o case_n they_o oppress_v their_o subject_n contrary_a to_o law_n than_o your_o heady_a and_o violent_a method_n of_o resistance_n for_o the_o oppression_n or_o tyranny_n of_o prince_n which_o will_v but_o give_v the_o common_a people_n a_o pretence_n of_o take_v arm_n and_o rebel_a against_o their_o prince_n upon_o every_o slight_a provocation_n f._n you_o have_v make_v a_o very_a plausible_a discourse_n whether_o of_o your_o own_o or_o from_o the_o author_n you_o quote_v be_v not_o much_o material_a for_o i_o doubt_v when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v examine_v it_o will_v appear_v much_o more_o like_o a_o romance_n than_o a_o true_a history_n and_o therefore_o grant_v at_o present_a your_o principle_n to_o be_v true_a though_o they_o be_v not_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o how_o you_o can_v make_v it_o out_o either_o from_o sacred_a or_o profane_a history_n that_o any_o limit_a kingdom_n now_o in_o the_o world_n ever_o have_v its_o original_a from_o those_o gracious_a condescension_n or_o concession_n of_o prince_n as_o you_o here_o mention_v for_o by_o all_o that_o ever_o i_o can_v read_v or_o observe_v either_o from_o our_o own_o or_o foreign_a history_n all_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n which_o subject_n enjoy_v at_o this_o day_n proceed_v at_o first_o either_o from_o the_o original_a contract_n custom_n or_o constitution_n of_o those_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o their_o government_n or_o else_o be_v force_v from_o prince_n by_o their_o subject_n who_o will_v no_o long_o endure_v the_o severity_n of_o their_o yoke_n or_o else_o be_v grant_v by_o some_o of_o they_o who_o believe_v they_o have_v worse_a title_n than_o their_o competitor_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v willing_a to_o engage_v the_o people_n to_o their_o side_n by_o grant_v they_o great_a privilege_n than_o they_o before_o enjoy_v and_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o reflection_n you_o make_v upon_o the_o exercise_n of_o arbitrary_a power_n and_o the_o misery_n it_o bring_v both_o upon_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n be_v very_o true_a yet_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o practice_n of_o most_o absolute_a monarch_n throughout_o the_o whole_a world_n have_v run_v quite_o contrary_a to_o your_o supposition_n for_o prince_n be_v so_o far_o by_o what_o i_o ever_o read_v or_o observe_v from_o be_v willing_a to_o part_v with_o any_o of_o their_o power_n that_o they_o have_v still_o endeavour_v by_o degree_n to_o enlarge_v it_o and_o render_v it_o more_o absolute_a than_o it_o be_v leave_v they_o as_o you_o may_v observe_v in_o the_o government_n of_o france_n spain_n denmark_n and_o sweden_n in_o this_o last_o age_n and_o what_o encroachment_n be_v make_v in_o this_o kingdom_n by_o the_o prerogative_n upon_o the_o people_n liberty_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o last_o prince_n he_o be_v a_o stranger_n to_o the_o history_n of_o the_o country_n that_o have_v not_o read_v of_o if_o he_o do_v not_o remember_v they_o and_o how_o much_o high_o they_o will_v have_v be_v carry_v if_o this_o strange_a and_o sudden_a revolution_n have_v not_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o it_o i_o have_v rather_o you_o and_o i_o shall_v understand_v in_o idea_n than_o by_o experience_n but_o if_o such_o grave_a reflection_n as_o these_o of_o you_o be_v able_a to_o work_v upon_o the_o first_o monarch_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o reason_n why_o those_o of_o turkey_n persia_n russia_n and_o the_o african_a emperor_n of_o morocco_n and_o of_o the_o abyssine_n who_o sure_o have_v be_v as_o wise_a as_o any_o you_o can_v name_v shall_v not_o in_o so_o many_o age_n as_o they_o have_v govern_v see_v these_o inconvenience_n you_o mention_v and_o restrain_v their_o exorbitant_a power_n within_o some_o moderate_a limit_n nay_o to_o the_o contrary_a one_o of_o the_o most_o ambitious_a and_o aspire_a monarch_n in_o europe_n be_v make_v what_o haste_n he_o can_v to_o reduce_v his_o kingdom_n into_o the_o same_o model_n and_o what_o do_v you_o think_v will_v the_o prince_n and_o councillor_n of_o these_o empire_n say_v to_o such_o a_o one_o as_o you_o or_o i_o who_o shall_v offer_v to_o preach_v this_o strange_a doctrine_n to_o they_o that_o they_o ought_v under_o pain_n of_o damnation_n to_o use_v their_o subject_n as_o their_o child_n and_o not_o as_o slave_n or_o mere_a vassal_n i_o doubt_v they_o will_v make_v we_o pay_v dear_a for_o publish_v such_o false_a doctrine_n in_o their_o dominion_n or_o at_o least_o will_v despise_v we_o for_o half-witted_a fellow_n without_o any_o true_a notion_n in_o politic_n since_o they_o believe_v that_o the_o true_a security_n and_o glory_n of_o a_o king_n consist_v in_o vast_a stand_v army_n great_a fleet_n and_o a_o power_n to_o take_v from_o their_o subject_n and_o neighbour_n whatever_o they_o please_v thereby_o to_o enjoy_v their_o own_o pleasure_n and_o humour_n in_o all_o their_o heart_n can_v desire_v and_o to_o extend_v their_o empire_n per_fw-la fas_fw-la &_o nefas_fw-la as_o far_o as_o ever_o their_o conquer_a sword_n will_v give_v they_o leave_v and_o if_o you_o shall_v tell_v they_o that_o their_o subject_n can_v not_o love_v they_o nor_o live_v happy_o nor_o content_o under_o such_o a_o government_n i_o suppose_v their_o answer_n will_v be_v if_o they_o can_v speak_v latin_a oderint_fw-la dum_fw-la metuant_fw-la or_o in_o the_o language_n of_o their_o own_o country_n that_o they_o will_v rather_o trust_v a_o stand_a army_n than_o the_o affection_n of_o their_o people_n and_o that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o take_v from_o their_o subject_n what_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o than_o to_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o good_a will_n what_o they_o will_v give_v they_o these_o be_v all_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a politic_n that_o i_o can_v observe_v in_o most_o absolute_a monarchy_n or_o in_o those_o kingdom_n where_o king_n have_v take_v upon_o they_o so_o to_o govern_v their_o subject_n at_o this_o day_n but_o i_o defy_v you_o to_o show_v i_o any_o one_o kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n where_o the_o people_n owe_v all_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n mere_o to_o the_o good_a will_n and_o favour_n of_o their_o prince_n who_o grant_v they_o only_o out_o of_o those_o wise_a consideration_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v but_o as_o for_o the_o expedient_a at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o your_o speech_n that_o these_o privilege_n and_o condescension_n when_o once_o grant_v by_o king_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o past_a into_o constant_a and_o stand_v law_n and_o also_o solemn_o swear_v to_o by_o prince_n at_o their_o coronation_n do_v not_o only_o bind_v those_o prince_n that_o grant_v they_o but_o also_o their_o successor_n under_o pain_n of_o damnation_n i_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o you_o though_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v think_v this_o a_o sufficient_a security_n for_o several_a reason_n i_o can_v give_v you_o at_o a_o more_o convenient_a time_n when_o i_o shall_v when_o you_o please_v more_o full_o discuss_v this_o point_n m._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o sir_n i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v neither_o with_o the_o instance_n you_o have_v bring_v nor_o yet_o with_o your_o reply_n to_o my_o answer_n and_o i_o think_v i_o can_v show_v you_o as_o to_o this_o kingdom_n that_o they_o be_v false_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o if_o that_o the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a kingdom_n and_o monarchy_n begin_v by_o conquest_n at_o first_o and_o that_o perhaps_o for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o war_n unjust_o make_v as_o i_o may_v also_o instance_n in_o england_n if_o this_o be_v a_o proper_a season_n for_o it_o so_o that_o indeed_o the_o great_a liberty_n in_o the_o world_n if_o it_o be_v due_o consider_v be_v for_o a_o people_n to_o live_v under_o a_o paternal_a monarchy_n it_o be_v the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o this_o kingdom_n all_o other_o show_v or_o pretext_n of_o liberty_n be_v but_o several_a degree_n of_o slavery_n and_o a_o liberty_n only_o to_o destroy_v liberty_n so_o that_o i_o think_v i_o may_v very_o well_o keep_v my_o first_o opinion_n that_o paternal_a government_n be_v the_o
four_o dialogue_n have_v make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o dialogue_n and_o how_o denote_v in_o the_o margin_n 1._o dr._n sherlock_n case_n of_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n s._n c._n r._n 2._o mr._n bohun's_o preface_n to_o patriarcha_fw-la b._n p._n p._n 3._o mr._n dudley_n digge_n unlawfulness_n of_o subject_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o their_o sovereign_n ed._n 1643._o u._n s._n a._n s._n 4._o the_o history_n of_o passive_a obedience_n h._n p._n o._n the_o four_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n and_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n m._n your_o servant_n sir_n i_o see_v you_o be_v better_o than_o your_o word_n since_o you_o come_v somewhat_o before_o the_o time_n appoint_v f._n i_o do_v not_o deserve_v any_o great_a commendation_n for_o it_o for_o this_o evening_n be_v a_o time_n of_o leisure_n i_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o do_v but_o to_o wait_v on_o you_o and_o indeed_o i_o be_v impatient_a `till_o i_o be_v with_o you_o since_o i_o desire_v nothing_o more_o than_o to_o receive_v satisfaction_n in_o this_o weighty_a controversy_n since_o i_o know_v how_o great_a a_o master_n you_o be_v both_o in_o divine_a as_o well_o as_o civil_a knowledge_n and_o therefore_o i_o beseech_v you_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o method_n i_o at_o first_o propose_v by_o give_v i_o these_o place_n of_o scripture_n out_o of_o the_o new_a testament_n which_o you_o suppose_v prove_v your_o doctrine_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n show_v i_o that_o they_o be_v always_o understand_v by_o the_o ancient_a father_n as_o well_o as_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o whole_a primitive_a church_n in_o that_o sense_n m._n i_o very_o well_o approve_v of_o your_o method_n and_o therefore_o to_o go_v on_o where_o we_o leave_v off_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n lie_v down_o some_o plain_n and_o easy_a proposition_n as_o the_o ground_n of_o our_o future_a discourse_n which_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o deny_v first_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v that_o our_o saviour_n kingdom_n not_o be_v of_o this_o world_n he_o come_v not_o to_o alter_v the_o civil_a government_n or_o polity_n of_o it_o as_o you_o have_v already_o assert_v and_o therefore_o do_v not_o alter_v any_o of_o those_o right_n of_o sovereign_a power_n and_o those_o measure_n of_o obedience_n and_o subjection_n which_o be_v before_o fix_v and_o determine_v by_o god_n himself_o 43._o neither_o have_v give_v the_o people_n either_o consider_v as_o particular_a man_n or_o as_o a_o collective_a body_n any_o power_n or_o right_o to_o resist_v or_o rebel_v against_o such_o supreme_a magistrate_n though_o they_o never_o so_o much_o abuse_v their_o power_n by_o their_o tyrannical_a government_n either_o by_o persecute_v the_o true_a religion_n or_o by_o any_o other_o violence_n and_o oppression_n whatsoever_o and_o our_o saviour_n himself_o tell_v we_o 5.17_o that_o be_v come_v not_o to_o destroy_v 〈◊〉_d law_n and_o the_o prophet_n but_o to_o fulfil_v it_o that_o be_v to_o fulfil_v the_o ancient_a type_n and_o prophecy_n in_o his_o own_o person_n to_o perfect_v a_o external_n and_o ceremonial_a by_o a_o real_a and_o evangelical_n righteousness_n to_o perfect_a the_o moral_a law_n with_o new_a instance_n and_o degree_n of_o virtue_n and_o obedience_n but_o he_o abrogate_a no_n moral_a law_n and_o therefore_o not_o the_o law_n of_o obedience_n and_o subjection_n to_o prince_n which_o have_v always_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o five_o commandment_n pray_v tell_v i_o how_o you_o approve_v of_o this_o doctrine_n f._n i_o do_v ready_o agree_v to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o but_o yet_o as_o our_o saviour_n have_v not_o be_v please_v express_o to_o enjoin_v we_o to_o resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n when_o they_o manifest_o break_v and_o transgress_v all_o the_o end_n of_o civil_a government_n and_o consequent_o dissolve_v it_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o come_v not_o to_o destroy_v those_o natural_a right_n which_o mankind_n enjoy_v before_o his_o come_n of_o defend_v themselves_o and_o provide_v for_o their_o own_o happiness_n and_o security_n when_o their_o civil_a governor_n either_o can_v not_o or_o will_v not_o protect_v they_o and_o as_o i_o grant_v that_o our_o saviour_n make_v no_o alteration_n in_o civil_a government_n by_o abridge_n the_o right_n of_o sovereign_a power_n so_o likewise_o have_v he_o not_o confer_v upon_o they_o any_o new_a right_n or_o prerogative_n of_o destroy_v or_o ensâ—â—â—â—_n their_o subject_n without_o any_o contradiction_n or_o resistance_n and_o consequent_o have_v alter_v nothing_o in_o those_o natural_a right_n or_o mean_n which_o the_o people_n have_v before_o his_o come_v of_o hinder_v the_o supreme_a power_n from_o pervert_v those_o main_a end_n of_o government_n the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o people_n and_o that_o this_o liberty_n do_v not_o any_o way_n destroy_v those_o right_n or_o prerogative_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o own_o security_n and_o the_o well-governing_a of_o theâ—_n people_n i_o have_v i_o think_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o our_o last_o conversation_n so_o that_o unless_o you_o can_v now_o show_v i_o by_o such_o express_a authority_n as_o that_o i_o can_v have_v no_o reasonable_a ground_n to_o deny_v it_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o can_v believe_v that_o christ_n by_o his_o come_n into_o the_o world_n have_v take_v away_o or_o abridge_v that_o natural_a right_n which_o mankind_n before_o enjoy_v even_o after_o the_o institution_n of_o civil_a government_n of_o resistance_n or_o self-defence_n in_o case_n of_o extremity_n against_o those_o who_o exercise_v nothing_o of_o that_o supreme_a power_n with_o which_o god_n have_v invest_v they_o but_o the_o mere_a title_n for_o have_v the_o intent_n of_o our_o saviour_n come_v be_v for_o this_o end_n he_o have_v instead_o of_o free_v we_o from_o the_o yoâ—â—_n of_o the_o law_n lay_v a_o much_o heavy_a upon_o our_o neck_n if_o the_o doctrine_n of_o passâ—â—_n obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o that_o large_a sense_n and_o â—â—â—mited_a extent_n that_o their_o asserter_n have_v be_v please_v to_o give_v they_o so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v our_o saviour_n come_v to_o perfect_a and_o not_o to_o abrogate_v the_o moral_a law_n with_o new_a instance_n of_o virtue_n and_o obedience_n and_o therefore_o have_v not_o abrogate_a any_o law_n of_o obedience_n and_o subjection_n to_o prince_n so_o have_v he_o neither_o abrogate_a the_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o self-defence_n in_o the_o people_n whâ—â—_n they_o be_v universal_o assault_v or_o oppress_v it_o in_o their_o life_n liberty_n or_o property_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v obedience_n to_o prince_n have_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o five_o commandment_n yet_o neither_o do_v that_o by_o command_v we_o to_o honour_v our_o father_n â—nd_v mother_n forbid_v all_o resistance_n of_o child_n to_o the_o violent_a and_o unreasonable_a â—_z of_o their_o parent_n much_o less_o of_o those_o who_o they_o may_v command_v or_o â—et_v on_o to_o kill_v or_o ruin_v we_o as_o i_o have_v i_o think_v sufficient_o prove_v at_o our_o first_o conference_n and_o therefore_o i_o pray_v proceed_v to_o your_o proof_n themselves_o and_o show_v i_o that_o they_o prove_v as_o much_o as_o you_o have_v affirm_v m._n before_o i_o come_v to_o my_o proof_n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o observe_v it_o â—ou_fw-mi by_o way_n of_o introduction_n that_o as_o our_o saviour_n have_v leave_v the_o government_n of_o the_o world_n as_o he_o find_v it_o so_o he_o have_v beside_o all_o this_o give_v such_o admirable_a law_n 46._o as_o will_v both_o teach_v prince_n to_o govern_v and_o subject_n to_o obey_v better_a which_o be_v the_o most_o effectual_a way_n to_o secure_v the_o public_a peace_n and_o happiness_n to_o prevent_v the_o oppression_n of_o subject_n and_o rebellion_n against_o prince_n but_o he_o have_v not_o interpose_v in_o new_a model_v the_o government_n of_o the_o world_n which_o be_v not_o of_o such_o consequence_n as_o some_o man_n imagine_v it_o be_v not_o the_o external_n form_n of_o government_n but_o the_o fatherly_a care_n and_o prudence_n and_o justice_n of_o governor_n and_o the_o dutiful_a obedience_n of_o subject_n which_o can_v make_v any_o people_n happy_a if_o prince_n and_o subject_n be_v good_a christian_n they_o may_v be_v happy_a under_o most_o form_n of_o government_n if_o they_o be_v not_o they_o can_v be_v so_o under_o none_o have_v our_o saviour_n give_v subject_n liberty_n to_o resist_v to_o depose_v to_o murder_v tyrannical_a prince_n he_o have_v do_v they_o no_o kindness_n at_o all_o for_o to_o give_v liberty_n to_o subject_n to_o resist_v be_v only_o to_o proclaim_v a_o universal_a licence_n to_o faction_n and_o sedition_n and_o civil_a war_n and_o if_o any_o man_n can_v think_v this_o such_o a_o mighty_a blessing_n to_o the_o world_n yet_o methinks_v it_o be_v not_o
may_v they_o not_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n rid_v themselves_o of_o such_o a_o judgement_n as_o intolerable_a tyranny_n when_o they_o be_v able_a and_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o do_v it_o since_o they_o proceed_v from_o the_o like_o common_a dispensation_n of_o god_n providence_n or_o else_o we_o must_v believe_v that_o the_o wickedness_n of_o one_o or_o more_o person_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o civil_a society_n the_o be_v more_o particular_o derive_v from_o god_n than_o the_o power_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n for_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o which_o mean_n prince_n will_v have_v the_o same_o power_n and_o right_o over_o their_o subject_n body_n and_o estate_n as_o they_o have_v over_o those_o of_o their_o beast_n to_o sell_v kill_v and_o devour_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n m._n though_o i_o grant_v it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o a_o people_n to_o remove_v natural_a judgement_n by_o human_a mean_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o they_o may_v therefore_o remove_v by_o force_n such_o punishment_n as_o god_n please_v to_o lay_v upon_o they_o from_o the_o abuse_n of_o civil_a authority_n by_o the_o supreme_a power_n since_o he_o have_v particular_o enjoin_v they_o to_o bear_v such_o punishment_n patient_o without_o any_o resistance_n because_o they_o be_v inflict_v by_o those_o who_o god_n have_v ordain_v for_o our_o temporal_a governor_n and_o master_n and_o who_o violence_n and_o oppression_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o their_o sin_n god_n have_v very_o good_a reason_n to_o continue_v upon_o they_o and_o if_o they_o repent_v they_o may_v be_v assure_v that_o in_o his_o good_a time_n he_o will_v either_o remove_v they_o or_o turn_v they_o to_o the_o best_a for_o all_o thing_n even_a affliction_n work_v for_o the_o good_a of_o they_o that_o fear_v he_o and_o god_n will_v not_o suffer_v those_o that_o trust_v in_o he_o to_o be_v afflict_v beyond_o what_o they_o be_v able_a to_o â—ear_v and_o if_o this_o doctrine_n of_o you_o may_v take_v place_n both_o servant_n and_o child_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n may_v upon_o the_o like_a pretence_n both_o resist_v and_o turn_v their_o father_n and_o master_n out_o of_o door_n because_o forsooth_o their_o government_n be_v so_o severe_a and_o tyrannical_a that_o it_o be_v not_o any_o long_a to_o be_v endure_v by_o they_o and_o though_o such_o severe_a father_n or_o master_n may_v be_v ordain_v by_o god_n for_o the_o punishment_n of_o such_o wicked_a child_n and_o servant_n yet_o that_o be_v no_o more_o than_o other_o natural_a judgement_n they_o may_v be_v without_o any_o sin_n remove_v by_o force_n or_o resistance_n when_o ever_o they_o think_v themselves_o strong_a enough_o to_o do_v it_o and_o if_o this_o doctrine_n be_v wicked_a and_o absurd_a in_o private_a family_n then_o be_v it_o much_o more_o so_o in_o kingdom_n for_o certain_o there_o be_v as_o perfect_v a_o subjection_n due_a to_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n as_o to_o a_o father_n or_o mâ—ster_n for_o he_o be_v more_o eminent_o the_o minister_n of_o god_n and_o act_n by_o a_o more_o sacred_a and_o inviolable_a authority_n and_o notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a that_o the_o precep_v give_v to_o servant_n by_o st._n peter_n do_v not_o concern_v subject_n i_o think_v i_o can_v very_o well_o prove_v that_o it_o do_v as_o appear_v from_o the_o example_n of_o christ_n which_o the_o apostle_n there_o recommend_v to_o our_o imitation_n who_o be_v the_o most_o innocent_a person_n in_o the_o world_n and_o yet_o suffer_v the_o most_o barbarous_a usage_n not_o from_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o private_a master_n but_o of_o the_o supreme_a power_n and_o therefore_o when_o he_o command_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n to_o submit_v to_o governor_n as_o to_o those_o who_o be_v for_o the_o punishment_n of_o evil_a doer_n and_o the_o praise_n of_o they_o that_o do_v well_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o he_o do_v not_o intend_v this_o as_o a_o limitation_n of_o our_o subjection_n or_o as_o if_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o be_v subject_a in_o other_o case_n since_o in_o the_o very_a same_o chapter_n he_o require_v subjection_n not_o only_o to_o the_o good_a and_o gentle_a master_n but_o also_o to_o the_o froward_a in_o imitation_n of_o the_o example_n of_o our_o lord_n who_o suffer_v patient_o under_o unjust_a and_o tyrannical_a power_n i_o observe_v therefore_o that_o the_o apostle_n do_v not_o allege_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n of_o our_o subjection_n but_o as_o a_o motive_n or_o argument_n to_o reconcile_v we_o to_o the_o practice_n of_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o our_o submission_n to_o prince_n be_v that_o they_o be_v advance_v by_o god_n that_o they_o be_v his_o minister_n that_o those_o who_o resist_v they_o resi_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n and_o therefore_o we_o must_v submit_v for_o god_n sake_n out_o of_o reverence_n to_o his_o authority_n but_o it_o be_v only_o a_o encouragement_n to_o subjection_n to_o consider_v the_o great_a advantage_n of_o government_n that_o ruler_n be_v not_o a_o terror_n to_o good_a work_n but_o to_o the_o evil._n but_o though_o this_o motive_n shall_v fail_v in_o some_o instance_n yet_o whilst_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o subjection_n last_v and_o that_o can_v never_o fail_v whilst_o we_o own_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n of_o god_n so_o long_o it_o be_v our_o duty_n to_o be_v subject_n whether_o our_o prince_n do_v his_o duty_n or_o not_o f._n although_o what_o you_o have_v now_o reply_v be_v no_o more_o in_o effect_n than_o â—_o repetition_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o yet_o i_o forgive_v it_o since_o your_o cause_n will_v admit_v no_o other_o nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o natural_a judgement_n may_v 〈◊〉_d remove_v by_o force_n or_o natural_a mean_n but_o not_o moral_a or_o civil_a one_o unless_o you_o can_v also_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v god_n express_a command_n that_o we_o may_v remove_v the_o one_o but_o not_o the_o other_o nor_o have_v you_o prove_v it_o otherwise_o than_o by_o tell_v i_o that_o prince_n be_v god_n ordinance_n and_o be_v endue_v with_o irresistible_a power_n all_o which_o have_v be_v already_o consider_v and_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o it_o be_v neither_o command_v by_o god_n nor_o yet_o ordain_v for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o though_o i_o own_o that_o affliction_n may_v sometime_o serve_v for_o a_o punishment_n of_o a_o sinful_a nation_n yet_o it_o be_v as_o likely_a that_o such_o a_o great_a and_o last_a punishment_n as_o a_o merciless_a tyrant_n may_v as_o well_o bring_v the_o people_n to_o repentance_n and_o when_o they_o be_v sufficient_o amend_v they_o may_v very_o well_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o it_o and_o they_o may_v as_o well_o expect_v that_o god_n will_v bless_v all_o lawful_a mean_n for_o that_o end_n whereof_o i_o take_v resistance_n or_o self-defence_n to_o be_v the_o principal_a since_o miracle_n be_v cease_v and_o of_o this_o we_o have_v a_o example_n in_o the_o 2_o d._n of_o king_n chap._n 18._o for_o though_o ahaz_n the_o father_n of_o ezekiah_n have_v submit_v himself_o and_o become_v tributary_n to_o the_o king_n of_o assyria_n yet_o when_o hâ—zekâ—ah_n his_o son_n turn_v to_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o be_v with_o he_o and_o that_o he_o rebel_v against_o the_o king_n of_o assyria_n and_o serve_v he_o not_o and_o yet_o he_o be_v then_o as_o much_o subject_n to_o he_o as_o jehoiachin_n or_o zedekiah_n be_v afterward_o to_o nabuchadnezzar_n so_o that_o all_o that_o be_v new_a in_o this_o answer_n of_o you_o be_v only_o the_o fatal_a consequence_n that_o it_o will_v bring_v upon_o all_o family_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n for_o then_o forsooth_o children_n and_o servant_n may_v likewise_o pretend_v that_o the_o government_n of_o their_o father_n and_o master_n be_v so_o insupportable_a that_o it_o be_v no_o long_o to_o be_v endure_v and_o so_o may_v rebel_v against_o they_o and_o depose_v they_o which_o do_v by_o no_o mean_n follow_v for_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o first_o conversation_n that_o some_o sort_n of_o resistance_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n and_o limb_n may_v be_v lawful_a against_o the_o outrage_n or_o violence_n of_o a_o father_n or_o master_n of_o a_o family_n yet_o do_v i_o by_o no_o mean_n allow_v that_o they_o shall_v resist_v they_o for_o any_o other_o correction_n or_o severe_a usage_n which_o they_o shall_v inflict_v upon_o they_o since_o servant_n or_o slave_n whilst_o they_o continue_v under_o their_o master_n power_n can_v have_v no_o liberty_n or_o property_n of_o their_o own_o to_o defend_v and_o a_o son_n whilst_o he_o remain_v part_n of_o his_o father_n family_n i_o grant_v differ_v not_o from_o a_o servant_n so_o that_o all_o that_o
he_o can_v not_o have_v bring_v his_o whole_a design_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o eight_o dialogue_n as_o he_o at_o first_o intend_v and_o still_o hope_v to_o do_v and_o therefore_o to_o ease_v you_o of_o the_o trouble_n of_o buy_v or_o read_v more_o discourse_n on_o these_o subject_n than_o what_o he_o take_v to_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a he_o have_v reduce_v all_o that_o he_o have_v prepare_v for_o the_o five_o discourse_n upon_o the_o subject_a above_o mention_v into_o the_o two_o last_o dialogue_n wherein_o he_o design_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o justice_n and_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o late_a revolution_n and_o the_o settlement_n of_o the_o crown_n upon_o their_o present_a majesty_n where_o the_o then_o question_v he_o intend_v to_o treat_v of_o will_n proper_o enough_o fall_v in_o but_o it_o be_v time_n to_o speak_v somewhat_o concern_v this_o present_a discourse_n since_o it_o treat_v of_o a_o question_n to_o be_v decide_v only_o from_o the_o history_n and_o law_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o the_o author_n bid_v i_o assure_v you_o that_o he_o have_v lay_v down_o nothing_o therein_o on_o either_o side_n but_o what_o he_o have_v produce_v good_a authority_n for_o either_o from_o the_o history_n and_o government_n of_o our_o own_o or_o other_o neighbour_a nation_n or_o from_o the_o colleâ—â—ions_n of_o our_o english_a saxon_n law_n and_o ancient_a as_o well_o as_o modern_a writer_n upon_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o last_o from_o our_o statute_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n since_o the_o repute_a conquest_n which_o he_o find_v necessary_a to_o these_o subject_n without_o omit_v any_o authority_n that_o he_o judge_v material_a to_o be_v urge_v on_o either_o side_n but_o as_o for_o the_o quotation_n themselves_o i_o hope_v they_o be_v true_o cite_v for_o the_o author_n assure_v i_o upon_o the_o word_n of_o a_o gentleman_n that_o he_o be_v not_o conscious_a of_o any_o unfair_a deal_n in_o that_o kind_n either_o by_o any_o wilful_a omission_n or_o 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you_o not_o from_o my_o own_o but_o better_a judgement_n that_o you_o will_v find_v more_o in_o this_o small_a treatise_n than_o ever_o be_v yet_o publish_v at_o once_o or_o perhaps_o at_o all_o upon_o these_o important_a subject_n note_n if_o the_o author_n have_v make_v one_o of_o his_o opponent_n call_v the_o entrance_n of_o king_n william_n 1._o into_o england_n and_o his_o take_v the_o crown_n upon_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o his_o english_a predecessor_n a_o conquest_n it_o may_v be_v understand_v in_o the_o large_a acceptation_n of_o that_o word_n and_o for_o brevity_n sake_n only_o author_n make_v use_v of_o and_o how_o denote_v 1._o harmony_n of_o divinity_n and_o law_n h._n d._n l._n 2._o dr._n johnstons_n excellency_n of_o monarchical_a government_n i._o e._n m._n g._n 3._o huntons_n treatise_n of_o monarchy_n h._n t._n m._n 4._o sir_n r._n filmer_n freeholder_n grand_a inquest_n f._n f._n g._n anarchy_n of_o a_o mix_a monarchy_n f._n a._n m._n m._n 5._o dr._n heylin_n stumbling-block_n of_o rebellion_n s._n b._n r._n the_o folio_n edition_n 6_o mr._n petyt_n preface_n to_o his_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n asserted_n p.p.r.c._n 7._o dr._n brady_n answer_n to_o the_o say_a treatise_n b._n a._n p._n the_o folio_n edition_n the_o five_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n and_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n m._n you_o be_v welcome_a sir_n i_o pray_v set_v down_o by_o the_o fire_n i_o be_v think_v before_o you_o come_v in_o of_o the_o best_a method_n of_o manage_v this_o important_a question_n whether_o by_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o can_v in_o any_o case_n whatever_o be_v lawful_a to_o resist_v the_o king_n or_o those_o that_o act_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o commission_n i_o shall_v therefore_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o second_o proposition_n in_o the_o argument_n i_o at_o first_o propose_v or_o to_o speak_v logical_o the_o minor_a in_o the_o syllogism_n viz._n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v the_o sole_a supreme_a or_o sovereign_a power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o be_v irresistible_a and_o that_o not_o only_o as_o to_o his_o own_o person_n but_o also_o with_o respect_n to_o all_o such_o who_o act_n by_o his_o order_n or_o commission_n though_o the_o thing_n command_v be_v in_o themselves_o illegal_a f._n i_o do_v not_o dislike_v your_o method_n though_o if_o you_o can_v never_o so_o plain_o make_v out_o to_o i_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o minor_a proposition_n yet_o it_o will_v come_v too_o late_o to_o prove_v that_o all_o resistance_n of_o supreme_a power_n be_v unlawful_a in_o all_o case_n whatever_o since_o i_o think_v you_o have_v fail_v in_o the_o proof_n of_o that_o your_o fiâ—st_a proposition_n but_o since_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o second_o proposition_n in_o some_o sense_n i_o pray_v be_v as_o short_a as_o you_o can_v in_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o m._n i_o shall_v observe_v your_o desire_n and_o shall_v brief_o recite_v some_o authority_n as_o well_o ancient_a as_o modern_a as_o also_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o declare_v a_o absolute_a and_o imperial_a power_n to_o be_v sole_o in_o the_o king_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o saxon_a time_n â—ein_fw-fr first_o as_o to_o the_o title_n of_o king_n or_o emperor_n use_v promiscuous_o our_o king_n edgar_n frequent_o in_o his_o charter_n caâ—s_v himself_o albionis_fw-la &_o anglorum_fw-la baâ—ileus_n and_o the_o grecian_n esteem_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v of_o full_a as_o eminent_a a_o signification_n as_o emperor_n and_o king_n edâ—arâ—_n the_o confessor_n in_o a_o charter_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o peterburg_n style_v himself_o rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la and_o his_o government_n a_o monarchy_n 64._o and_o king_n ethelred_n in_o his_o charter_n to_o canterbury_n stiles_n himself_o angligenum_n orcadarum_fw-la necnon_fw-la in_o gyrojacentium_fw-la monarcha_fw-la &_o anglorum_fw-la induperator_fw-la so_o that_o you_o hereby_o may_v see_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n long_o before_o the_o conquest_n look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o emperor_n or_o absolute_a civil_a sovereign_n so_o likewise_o after_o that_o time_n we_o find_v w._n rufus_n date_n his_o charter_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o shaftsbury_n secundo_fw-la anno_fw-la imperiâ—_n mei_fw-la and_o though_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n have_v be_v disuse_v yet_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o substance_n of_o it_o sufficient_o challenge_v in_o that_o letter_n of_o w._n rufus_n to_o archbishop_n anselm_n tell_v he_o that_o he_o have_v all_o the_o liberty_n in_o his_o kingdom_n which_o the_o emperor_n 2d_o challenge_v in_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o like_a be_v challenge_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o in_o all_o his_o dispute_n with_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o investiture_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n
ordinationes_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la fuit_fw-la mensura_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la composita_fw-la but_o far_a to_o convince_v you_o that_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n and_o those_o learned_a judge_n who_o frame_v the_o writ_n that_o be_v issue_v out_o upon_o any_o of_o these_o ancient_a statute_n you_o will_v find_v that_o they_o who_o live_v in_o those_o very_a time_n believe_v that_o those_o statute_n be_v make_v not_o by_o the_o k._n alone_o but_o by_o he_o and_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o writ_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o register_n of_o writ_n run_v thus_o rex_fw-la vicecom_v etc._n etc._n salut_n si_fw-mi a._n fecerit_fw-la etc._n etc._n tunc_fw-la summonias_fw-la etc._n etc._n b._n quod_fw-la sit_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciarijs_fw-la statuto_fw-la etc._n etc._n ostensuris_fw-la quare_fw-la cum_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la angliae_fw-la provisum_fw-la sit_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o writ_n grant_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la marlbridg_n merton_n gloucester_n etc._n etc._n which_o have_v all_o of_o they_o this_o or_o the_o like_a recital_n cum_fw-la de_fw-la statuto_fw-la or_o juxia_fw-la formam_fw-la statuti_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la ang._n inde_fw-la provisi_fw-la the_o like_a instance_n i_o can_v give_v you_o upon_o the_o statute_n of_o marlbridge_n and_o divers_a other_o old_a statute_n in_o which_o the_o king_n by_o the_o statute_n itself_o seem_v only_o to_o have_v enact_v it_o and_o yet_o you_o may_v see_v that_o our_o sage_n of_o the_o law_n be_v very_o well_o convince_v that_o those_o statute_n be_v make_v not_o by_o the_o king_n alone_o but_o by_o the_o whole_a common_a council_n of_o england_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o avoid_v the_o conclusion_n that_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n have_v then_o a_o great_a share_n in_o the_o 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and_o establish_v and_o though_o you_o will_v fain_o draw_v some_o mighty_a consequence_n from_o those_o phrase_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o edw._n 3d._n and_o many_o of_o his_o successor_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o if_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v not_o as_o necessary_a as_o the_o former_a yet_o indeed_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a difference_n in_o form_n and_o proceed_v only_o from_o hence_o that_o that_o estate_n which_o find_v itself_o grieve_v always_o petition_v the_o king_n for_o redress_v and_o which_o amount_v to_o as_o much_o as_o a_o consent_n for_o you_o shall_v always_o find_v that_o the_o petition_v part_n still_o refer_v to_o that_o body_n which_o be_v then_o oppress_v without_o give_v any_o other_o assent_n for_o certain_o their_o request_v to_o have_v a_o act_n make_v do_v necessary_o express_v their_o consent_n and_o to_o prove_v what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v by_o example_n pray_v see_v the_o 8_o of_o hen._n 6._o c._n 1._o where_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o preamble_n that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n will_v gracious_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o security_n and_o quiet_a of_o the_o say_a prelate_n and_o clergy_n at_o the_o supplication_n of_o the_o say_a prelate_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o aforesaid_a have_v ordain_v and_o establishse_v where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n be_v not_o here_o at_o all_o mention_v because_o it_o be_v needless_a as_o be_v make_v at_o their_o request_n and_o if_o pray_v and_o request_v shall_v destroy_v the_o legislative_a power_n i_o doubt_v whether_o edw._n 3d._n do_v not_o give_v away_o he_o when_o in_o his_o 14_o year_n in_o a_o statute_n concern_v the_o subsidy_n of_o wool_n the_o preamble_n run_v thus_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n pray_v the_o earl_n baron_n and_o all_o the_o commonalty_n for_o the_o great_a business_n which_o he_o have_v in_o 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etc._n etc._n have_v ordain_v and_o establish_v in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o edw._n 6._o c._n 4._o it_o be_v thus_o wherefore_o the_o king_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n mind_v and_o entire_o desire_v at_o the_o humble_a petition_n and_o suit_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v do_v declare_v ordain_v and_o enact_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o and_o that_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v always_o necessary_a to_o the_o make_n of_o law_n not_o as_o bare_a petitioner_n but_o as_o assenter_n too_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n appear_v by_o this_o protestation_n or_o declaration_n of_o the_o commons_o 46._o to_o edw._n 3d._n which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 51._o of_o that_o king_n which_o i_o shall_v read_v to_o you_o in_o 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voluntate_fw-la regis_fw-la teâ—â—ere_fw-la praesumptum_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la consilio_fw-la magistratuum_fw-la suoâ—an_fw-la rege_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la praesâ—aâ—â—e_fw-la &_o babâ—â—a_fw-la super_fw-la hoâ—_n deliberatâ—one_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v in_o the_o time_n when_o this_o author_n write_v the_o king_n can_v do_v no_o more_o by_o his_o prerogative_n than_o the_o law_n allow_v he_o to_o do_v and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v his_o will_n and_o authority_n that_o give_v vigour_n to_o the_o law_n yet_o this_o only_a as_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o parliament_n and_o in_o those_o act_n which_o have_v before_o receive_v the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n here_o call_v the_o king_n magistrate_n and_o therefore_o you_o have_v do_v what_o you_o can_v to_o confound_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o king_n declaration_n or_o writ_n explain_v and_o enforce_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n or_o else_o interpret_n former_a act_n of_o 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judge_n nor_o do_v the_o privy_a council_n ever_o exercise_v any_o judicial_a authority_n in_o parliament_n as_o this_o council_n do_v in_o those_o day_n but_o that_o this_o council_n consist_v of_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v see_v the_o statute_n of_o escheator_n make_v 29_o edw._n i._o dorso_n and_o in_o the_o placita_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la of_o that_o year_n the_o statute_n run_v thus_o per_fw-la consilium_fw-la regis_fw-la concordatum_fw-la est_fw-la coram_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la ipso_fw-la consentiente_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o year_n it_o be_v clear_o explain_v who_o be_v of_o this_o council_n their_o name_n be_v there_o particular_o recite_v viz._n all_o the_o great_a officer_n abovementioned_a together_o with_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n court_n and_o justice_n itinerant_a etc._n etc._n which_o be_v likewise_o explain_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v 9_o edw._n 2._o rex_fw-la voluit_fw-la quod_fw-la dominus_fw-la cancellarius_fw-la thesaurarius_fw-la barones_n soaccarii_fw-la justiâ—iarii_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la londin_n 9_o existente_fw-la convenirent_fw-la i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o more_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o two_o more_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o council_n in_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v the_o king_n be_v ordinary_a privy_a council_n 97._o the_o first_o be_v in_o placit_fw-la parliament_n 2_o edw._n 3._o in_o a_o cause_n betwixt_o thomas_n fitz-peter_n and_o alienora_n wife_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr mowbray_n coram_fw-la rege_fw-la the_o record_n be_v long_o but_o conclude_v thus_o to_o the_o justice_n et_fw-la si_fw-la difficultas_fw-la aliqua_fw-la subfuerit_fw-la quare_fw-la praemissa_fw-la facere_fw-la non_fw-la possâ—tis_fw-la tunâ—_n placitum_fw-la illâ—â—d_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o prox._n parliamentum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la udjornetis_fw-gr ut_fw-la ibidem_fw-la â—unc_fw-la inde_fw-la fieri_fw-la valeat_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la nostro_fw-la fuerit_fw-la faciendum_fw-la by_o which_o we_o may_v very_o
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point_n namely_o that_o the_o king_n his_o nobility_n and_o commons_o do_v ordain_v and_o enact_v the_o same_o and_o which_o be_v more_o if_o you_o shall_v find_v any_o act_n of_o parliament_n seem_v to_o pass_n under_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n only_o as_o there_o be_v some_o that_o have_v that_o show_v indeed_o yet_o you_o must_v not_o by_o and_o by_o judge_n that_o it_o be_v establish_v without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o other_o estate_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o insinuation_n rather_o than_o argument_n against_o the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o expression_n be_v it_o enact_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n or_o be_v it_o enact_v by_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o which_o bear_v so_o hard_o upon_o you_o to_o prove_v that_o these_o last_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a that_o they_o be_v introduce_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o henry_n vi_o and_o vii_o two_o usurper_n and_o but_o in_o the_o nonage_n of_o the_o former_a i_o think_v i_o 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justice_n doderidge_n give_v in_o the_o great_a case_n of_o the_o earldom_n of_o oxford_n report_v in_o judge_n iokes_n report_n to_o conclude_v though_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v his_o majesty_n negative_a vote_n to_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o this_o prerogative_n can_v be_v conclude_v only_o from_o his_o give_v his_o last_o assent_n to_o a_o law_n for_o when_o a_o bill_n begin_v from_o himself_o the_o two_o house_n have_v likewise_o a_o negative_a upon_o he_o which_o be_v evident_a in_o a_o act_n of_o pardon_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o king_n first_o and_o send_v down_o to_o the_o parliament_n this_o neither_o the_o lord_n nor_o commons_o can_v add_v or_o alter_v one_o tittle_n to_o yet_o may_v they_o notwithstanding_o his_o prior_n asent_n refuse_v the_o whole_a bill_n if_o they_o please_v though_o already_o past_a under_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o though_o i_o likewise_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v the_o le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr le_fw-fr veult_n that_o by_o yield_v the_o high_a 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you_o may_v remember_v by_o these_o word_n cum_fw-la legis_fw-la vigorem_fw-la habeat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la de_fw-la câ—nsilio_fw-la &_o de_fw-la consensu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o reipublicae_fw-la communi_fw-la sponsione_n authoritate_fw-la principis_fw-la praecedente_fw-la just_a fury_n definitum_fw-la but_o further_o to_o let_v you_o see_v how_o much_o you_o be_v out_o in_o your_o argument_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v from_o the_o form_n of_o our_o indictment_n of_o treason_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o king_n have_v the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n as_o well_o common_a as_o statute_n do_v declare_v the_o contrary_a since_o divers_a aâ—ts_n of_o parliament_n have_v express_o affirm_v that_o such_o and_o such_o offence_n be_v treason_n not_o only_o against_o the_o king_n but_o against_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a realm_n too_o pray_v take_v these_o instance_n see_v the_o statute_n 1_o edw._n 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prolix_a already_o which_o the_o abuse_v your_o dr._n have_v put_v upon_o these_o word_n will_v not_o permit_v i_o to_o avoid_v but_o now_o we_o have_v clear_v most_o of_o the_o term_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o i_o hope_v we_o may_v proceed_v with_o great_a certainty_n m._n though_o your_o discourse_n have_v be_v long_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v so_o essential_o necessary_a to_o the_o right_a understanding_n the_o matter_n in_o hand_n i_o be_o well_o satisfy_v and_o i_o shall_v more_o full_o consider_v the_o account_n you_o give_v of_o these_o word_n another_o time_n but_o a_o present_a give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o suppose_v i_o shall_v admit_v that_o those_o word_n on_o which_o you_o have_v now_o give_v interpretation_n of_o divers_a author_n may_v sometime_o be_v take_v in_o the_o sense_n you_o have_v now_o put_v upon_o they_o and_o that_o consequent_o the_o commons_o may_v be_v represent_v under_o some_o of_o those_o general_a name_n yet_o be_o i_o not_o satisfy_v 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〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d only_o consist_v and_o we_o have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o judge_n and_o king_n council_n and_o other_o great_a lawyer_n that_o sit_v in_o the_o lord_n house_n and_o be_v assistant_n to_o the_o parliament_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n nor_o have_v you_o yet_o bring_v any_o proof_n that_o the_o city_n or_o town_n then_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n by_o this_o or_o any_o other_o title_n but_o as_o for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n though_o i_o grant_v the_o treatise_n call_v modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la mention_n such_o person_n to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n ethelred_n yet_o by_o that_o word_n parliament_n so_o often_o use_v by_o the_o author_n of_o that_o treatise_n and_o divers_a other_o circumstance_n it_o may_v be_v easy_o perceive_v that_o the_o author_n live_v but_o about_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 3._o or_o rich._n 2._o as_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o animadversion_n to_o sir_n e._n cook_n be_v four_o institutes_n have_v very_o full_o prove_v so_o that_o admit_v that_o your_o thanes_z or_o lord_n of_o town_n do_v then_o appear_v in_o those_o council_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n yet_o can_v they_o not_o be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v their_o representative_n because_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o they_o be_v never_o choose_v by_o they_o whereas_o now_o the_o ordinary_a freeholder_n of_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n and_o the_o freeman_n and_o inhabitant_n in_o city_n and_o town_n have_v the_o grâ—â—test_a share_n in_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o as_o for_o those_o thanes_z you_o mention_v they_o or_o those_o under_o who_o they_o claim_v owe_v their_o estate_n whole_o to_o the_o grant_n of_o former_a king_n and_o hold_v their_o possession_n from_o they_o by_o some_o tenure_n or_o other_o and_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o tenure_n it_o be_v that_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v liable_a even_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n to_o those_o three_o service_n ancient_o call_v trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la viz._n expediâ—â—â—_n castelli_n &_o pontis_fw-la extructio_fw-la that_o be_v military_a service_n against_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n and_o the_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o common_a service_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o the_o earl_n and_o chief_z thanes_z do_v hold_v their_o land_n by_o knight_n or_o military_a service_n appear_v by_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o thanes_z exâ—â—rest_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n cnut_n in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n so_o that_o if_o all_o the_o person_n who_o hold_v those_o land_n owe_v they_o whole_o to_o the_o king_n bounty_n it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o they_o must_v likewise_o owe_v their_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n to_o the_o same_o original_a f._n i_o think_v what_o you_o have_v now_o far_o urge_v will_v be_v of_o no_o great_a moment_n against_o my_o opinion_n for_o as_o to_o the_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o the_o addition_n to_o that_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o word_n barones_n that_o it_o be_v add_v long_o since_o that_o time_n that_o word_n not_o be_v common_o in_o use_n till_o some_o time_n after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o let_v that_o pass_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o law_n if_o you_o will_v have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v read_v it_o out_o that_o these_o heretoches_n here_o call_v baron_n be_v no_o other_o than_o ordinary_a gentleman_n or_o thanes_z which_o then_o answer_v the_o word_n barones_n and_o these_o as_o this_o law_n itself_o express_o tell_v we_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o freeman_n in_o the_o folemote_a or_o county-court_n and_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o may_v be_v man_n of_o estate_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o their_o be_v lord_n or_o noble_a by_o birth_n nor_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o the_o people_n will_v have_v choose_v their_o earl_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o like_a order_n to_o command_v they_o when_o they_o have_v sufficient_a choice_n of_o thanes_z or_o gentleman_n in_o their_o own_o country_n to_o command_v the_o military_a force_n of_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a these_o gentleman_n be_v call_v noble_n and_o remarkable_a wise_a man_n yet_o this_o according_a to_o your_o own_o show_v do_v not_o exclude_v other_o and_o those_o of_o a_o far_o different_a profession_n viz._n counsellor_n lawyer_n and_o judge_n all_o which_o you_o suppose_v have_v then_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o they_o have_v now_o in_o the_o lordâ—_n house_n and_o if_o this_o word_n may_v comprehend_v both_o swordman_n and_o lawyer_n i_o can_v see_v why_o it_o may_v not_o also_o take_v in_o the_o better_o and_o rich_a sort_n of_o citizen_n and_o magistrate_n who_o in_o that_o age_n as_o be_v notorious_a be_v elect_v by_o their_o respective_a corporation_n and_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o these_o be_v call_v sapientes_fw-la in_o other_o country_n and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o â—ny_v not_o have_v be_v call_v so_o here_o too_o but_o that_o the_o king_n judge_n and_o counsellor_n can_v have_v no_o vote_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n i_o have_v already_o give_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_n but_o i_o shall_v now_o far_o show_v you_o that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n be_v so_o much_o more_o numerous_a and_o considerable_a than_o they_o be_v now_o must_v needs_o have_v have_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n a_o considerable_a share_n in_o those_o great_a council_n since_o in_o they_o consist_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o strength_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v many_o more_o than_o they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n for_o bede_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o history_n that_o there_o be_v in_o england_n long_o before_o his_o time_n 28_o famous_a city_n beside_o innumerable_a castle_n and_o wall_a town_n of_o note_n many_o of_o which_o author_n though_o now_o extreme_o decay_v or_o quite_o mine_v be_v then_o very_o considerable_a the_o great_a and_o rich_a part_n of_o the_o nation_n inhabit_v in_o those_o time_n for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o city_n or_o great_a town_n for_o their_o great_a benefit_n or_o security_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o long_o after_o â—y_a incultivate_v and_o over_o run_v with_o forest_n and_o bogâ—_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o city_n and_o borough_n be_v they_o so_o considerable_a for_o estate_n in_o land_n as_o well_o as_o other_o richâ—â—_n can_v not_o â—e_v exclude_v from_o have_v place_n both_o in_o the_o british_a or_o saxon_a great_a council_n what_o man_n of_o sense_n can_v
but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o for_o above_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o that_o time_n none_o but_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v summon_v by_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n till_o the_o time_n i_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v f._n i_o see_v you_o do_v all_o you_o can_v to_o perplex_v very_o plain_a and_o evident_a proof_n for_o as_o to_o the_o queen_n be_v often_o present_a at_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o be_v usual_a in_o these_o elder_a time_n and_o that_o in_o france_n as_o well_o as_o here_o as_o any_o man_n that_o will_v but_o peruse_v the_o charter_n of_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n 106._o of_o the_o second_o race_n as_o they_o be_v in_o father_n mabilion_n de_fw-fr rediplomatica_fw-la may_v easy_o satisfy_v themselves_o and_o as_o for_o the_o abbess_n who_o we_o find_v sometime_o mention_v to_o have_v be_v there_o before_o the_o conquest_n they_o may_v 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prove_v that_o they_o do_v not_o enjoy_v it_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o that_o not_o until_o the_o time_n you_o suppose_v m._n since_o you_o be_v please_v to_o impose_v this_o task_n upon_o i_o i_o shall_v willing_o submit_v to_o it_o and_o therefore_o before_o i_o proceed_v far_o pray_v let_v we_o see_v how_o far_o we_o be_v agree_v in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o think_v you_o will_v grant_v that_o till_o about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o edward_n i._o reign_n there_o be_v no_o express_a mention_n make_v in_o our_o record_n or_o historian_n of_o any_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o either_o by_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n or_o burgess_n of_o town_n much_o less_o the_o word_n commons_o mention_v by_o they_o in_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v now_o take_v for_o if_o we_o peruse_v ingulph_n or_o eadmerus_n or_o any_o other_o ancient_a historian_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n or_o his_o son_n time_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v the_o great_a council_n of_o that_o age_n we_o can_v find_v none_o mention_v beside_o the_o bishop_n but_o principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la primate_fw-la or_o optimates_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o else_o in_o the_o follow_a age_n under_o the_o title_n of_o optimates_fw-la or_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la by_o matt._n paris_n and_o matt._n of_o westminster_n who_o be_v often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o more_o particular_a title_n of_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n or_o baronagium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o else_o by_o the_o more_o general_a of_o nobilitas_fw-la universitas_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la that_o be_v the_o whole_a university_n community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n thereof_o as_o for_o most_o of_o these_o word_n i_o have_v give_v you_o my_o sense_n of_o they_o already_o in_o the_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o may_v be_v other_o person_n sometime_o mention_v after_o the_o baron_n as_o milites_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la or_o tenentes_fw-la yet_o i_o think_v dr._n b._n very_o plain_o prove_v by_o those_o authority_n he_o produce_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n as_o also_o in_o his_o glossary_n at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o that_o by_o all_o the_o word_n beforementioned_a which_o be_v use_v in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n can_v only_o be_v understand_v either_o the_o great_a baron_n or_o else_o the_o less_o who_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o baronage_n or_o nobility_n of_o those_o time_n and_o who_o vote_n do_v then_o conclude_v all_o their_o subfeudotary_n or_o mesne_n tenant_n who_o hold_v of_o they_o and_o these_o together_o with_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n etc._n etc._n do_v represent_v all_o degree_n of_o man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la g._n or_o else_o plebâ—_n or_o valgus_n or_o else_o under_o these_o title_n as_o yet_o more_o general_o express_v by_o regnum_fw-la and_o sacerdotium_fw-la i._n e._n the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o word_n populus_fw-la and_o plebs_fw-la or_o vulgus_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o in_o those_o day_n in_o our_o historian_n when_o they_o treat_v of_o parliamentary_a affair_n than_o the_o lay-earl_n and_o baron_n with_o the_o other_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o that_o the_o vulgar_a or_o common_a people_n neither_o by_o themselves_o nor_o their_o representative_n have_v then_o any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o may_v bold_o affirm_v with_o dr._n b._n first_o that_o the_o commons_o represent_v by_o knight_n introduct_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n be_v not_o introduce_v nor_o be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o second_o that_o before_o that_o time_n the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n or_o freeman_n as_o now_o understand_v or_o as_o we_o now_o frequent_o call_v they_o collective_o take_v have_v not_o any_o share_n or_o vote_n in_o make_v of_o law_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o have_v any_o communication_n in_o affair_n of_o state_n unless_o as_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o these_o two_o proposition_n i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v by_o undeniable_a evidence_n draw_v from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n the_o law_n and_o charter_n of_o our_o king_n as_o also_o from_o those_o parliament_n roll_n record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n we_o have_v yet_o leave_v we_o f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v make_v a_o very_a bold_a challenge_n and_o if_o you_o can_v make_v it_o out_o i_o grant_v you_o will_v carry_v the_o day_n and_o i_o shall_v then_o willing_o submit_v to_o your_o opinion_n but_o since_o i_o find_v the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o argument_n do_v consist_v in_o the_o equivocal_a use_n of_o those_o word_n by_o which_o i_o confess_v the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n be_v general_o express_v in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n show_v you_o to_o avoid_v all_o unnecessary_a dispute_n about_o word_n that_o by_o every_o one_o of_o these_o expression_n you_o have_v mention_v the_o commons_o may_v very_o well_o be_v comprehend_v as_o well_o after_o the_o conquest_n as_o before_o and_o therefore_o to_o take_v the_o word_n in_o the_o same_o order_n as_o you_o have_v recite_v they_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la which_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v signify_v before_o the_o conquest_n no_o more_o than_o chief_a or_o principal_a man_n and_o that_o it_o mean_v no_o more_o after_o the_o conquest_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o several_a authority_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o word_n be_v most_o common_o use_v by_o eadmerus_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v mean_v in_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v now_o understand_v there_o be_v then_o never_o a_o prince_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o a_o duke_n in_o england_n but_o what_o be_v understand_v by_o this_o expression_n in_o aftertime_n we_o must_v appeal_v to_o historian_n mat._n of_o westminster_n in_o his_o flores_n histor._n anno_fw-la dom._n 1280._o 409._o be_v the_o seven_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o be_v but_o 15_o year_n after_o the_o 49_o hen._n 3._o thus_o reckon_v up_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o that_o parliament_n rex_fw-la pontifices_fw-la &_o principes_fw-la anglicani_n convenerunt_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la etc._n etc._n yet_o in_o rot._n claus._n 7._o edward_n 1_o it_o be_v call_v a_o parliament_n and_o at_o which_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n be_v enact_v and_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v there_o as_o well_o as_o they_o be_v now_o i_o shall_v prove_v when_o i_o come_v to_o those_o time_n but_o as_o for_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la in_o the_o ancient_a manuscript_n chronicle_n
errant_a slave_n and_o vassal_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o mean_a person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v tax_v as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o superior_a lord_n which_o whether_o so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n will_v ever_o have_v suffer_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v m._n i_o grant_v this_o may_v now_o appear_v somewhat_o hard_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o then_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o grievance_n and_o it_o be_v then_o no_o more_o unjust_a than_o it_o be_v now_o that_o person_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n though_o of_o never_o so_o good_a estate_n in_o money_n or_o stock_n or_o that_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o for_o the_o life_n of_o another_o shall_v at_o this_o day_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o consequent_o be_v without_o any_o 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the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la above_o mention_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n from_o which_o you_o force_v i_o to_o digress_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n be_v only_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o which_o as_o in_o the_o lesser_a court_n baroa_n or_o court_n of_o manor_n the_o suitor_n or_o tenant_n be_v together_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o at_o first_o after_o the_o conquest_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o appoint_v or_o call_v which_o or_o what_o sort_n of_o those_o tenant_n be_v please_v to_o attend_v he_o with_o their_o aid_n and_o advice_n at_o his_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v more_o at_o large_a from_o our_o 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shall_v show_v you_o your_o mistake_v about_o the_o king_n tax_v anon_o but_o the_o main_a force_n of_o your_o argument_n lie_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o latin_a word_n you_o have_v last_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o i_o think_v you_o take_v in_o too_o strict_a a_o sense_n 108._o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o word_n baro_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o much_o in_o use_n before_o william_n i._o obtain_v the_o english_a diadem_n baro_n say_v camden_n britanni_n pro_fw-la svo_fw-la non_fw-la agnoscum_fw-la in_o anglosaxonicis_a legibus_fw-la nusquam_fw-la comparet_fw-la 121._o nec_fw-la in_o aâ—frici_fw-la glossario_fw-la saxonico_n inter_fw-la dignitatum_fw-la vocabula_fw-la habetur_fw-la for_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v those_o in_o their_o own_o language_n aealderman_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v name_v comites_fw-la and_o by_o the_o dane_n earl_n but_o it_o be_v of_o so_o extensive_a a_o import_n in_o its_o signification_n that_o we_o read_v of_o aldermani_fw-la regis_fw-la aldermani_fw-la comitatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o alderman_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a sense_n of_o this_o word_n we_o have_v whole_a regiment_n of_o earl_n who_o title_n seldom_o if_o at_o all_o descend_v hereditary_a till_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o after_o william_n i._o the_o saxon_a word_n aealderman_n and_o thegnes_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v change_v and_o in_o the_o room_n of_o aldermanni_n &_o thani_n we_o find_v comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o in_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o history_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n barones_n only_o take_v in_o those_o day_n for_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o for_o the_o inferior_a baron_n or_o free_a tenant_n which_o hold_v great_a estate_n of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o king_n by_o certain_a service_n and_o to_o who_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o earl_n as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o 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in_o person_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n and_o dr._n b._n assign_v for_o the_o summon_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n at_o this_o rate_n every_o yeoman_n or_o petty_a freeholder_n be_v a_o baron_n so_o that_o this_o assembly_n may_v then_o consist_v of_o above_o 50_o or_o 60_o thousand_o person_n since_o spot_n in_o his_o chronicle_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o service_n of_o about_o 60000_o knight_n fee_n which_o by_o the_o time_n i_o suppose_v may_v have_v be_v divide_v into_o many_o more_o lesser_a one_o 19_o by_o co-heirship_a or_o by_o sale_n and_o otherwise_o parcel_v out_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n into_o half-knighs-fee_n three_o part_n of_o fee_n four_o part_n of_o fee_n eight_o part_n sixteen_o twenty_o thirty_o and_o forty_o part_n of_o fee_n and_o so_o have_v be_v increase_v into_o as_o many_o more_o and_o these_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o
in_o these_o two_o quotation_n since_o in_o that_o out_o of_o camden_n you_o can_v deny_v but_o he_o have_v true_o quote_v that_o author_n as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o first_o edition_n and_o if_o he_o afterwares_o alter_v it_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v question_v whether_o he_o do_v not_o add_v the_o word_n superiores_fw-la rather_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o displease_v the_o great_a nobility_n who_o that_o quotation_n have_v before_o shockt_v than_o out_o of_o any_o sense_n of_o his_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o out_o of_o a_o nameless_a manuscript_n author_n that_o henry_n iii_o out_o of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n of_o baron_n which_o be_v seditious_a and_o turbulent_a call_v the_o best_a and_o chief_a of_o they_o only_o by_o writ_n to_o parliament_n by_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o he_o suppose_v all_o those_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o no_o lord_n as_o now_o understand_v who_o be_v thus_o exclude_v to_o have_v be_v only_o nominal_a and_o not_o real_a baron_n and_o if_o so_o commoners_z or_o else_o he_o must_v extend_v the_o peerage_n of_o england_n to_o at_o least_o three_o or_o four_o thousand_o person_n for_o so_o many_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v very_o well_o be_v at_o that_o time_n the_o same_o i_o may_v likewise_o say_v as_o to_o the_o quotation_n out_o of_o mr._n selden_n for_o by_o the_o word_n quibus_fw-la peculiaris_fw-la in_o ordinum_fw-la comitiis_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v plain_a he_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v but_o mere_a commoner_n yet_o he_o no_o where_o affirm_v that_o none_o but_o these_o appear_v in_o parliament_n for_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n for_o he_o very_o well_o know_v the_o unreasonableness_n of_o that_o supposition_n since_o beside_o these_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 8._o bracton_n in_o his_o first_o book_n tell_v we_o of_o divers_a other_o order_n of_o man_n of_o great_a dignity_n and_o power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n about_o the_o time_n when_o you_o suppose_v this_o marvellous_a alteration_n to_o have_v happen_v his_o word_n be_v these_o et_fw-la sub_fw-la iis_fw-la viz._n regibus_fw-la deuce_n comites_fw-la barones_n magnates_n sive_fw-la vavassores_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o villani_n &_o deversa_fw-la potestates_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la constitutae_fw-la and_o a_o little_a far_o sunt_fw-la &_o alti_fw-la potentes_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la qui_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la barones_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la robur_n belli_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la qui_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la vavassores_fw-la viri_fw-la 〈◊〉_d dignitatis_fw-la from_o which_o word_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o observe_v that_o he_o here_o make_v the_o magnates_n and_o the_o vavassores_fw-la or_o feudatory_a tenant_n to_o be_v all_o one_o and_o also_o rank_n they_o before_o the_o milites_fw-la now_o whether_o these_o vavassores_fw-la and_o milites_fw-la who_o do_v not_o all_o hold_n of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v man_n of_o so_o great_a dignity_n and_o power_n as_o these_o who_o he_o here_o reckon_v immediate_o after_o the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n shall_v have_v no_o vote_n in_o parliament_n neither_o by_o themselves_o nor_o their_o representative_n be_v altogether_o improbable_a and_o agreeable_a to_o this_o of_o bracton_n du_n fresne_n in_o his_o lexicon_n tit._n vavasor_n tell_v we_o 1262._o that_o vavassorum_fw-la duo_fw-la erant_fw-la ordines_fw-la sub_fw-la majorum_fw-la apellatione_fw-la implectuntur_fw-la qui_fw-la barones_n apellantur_fw-la sub_fw-la â—norum_fw-la vero_fw-la quos_fw-la vulgò_fw-la vavassores_fw-la dicunt_fw-la ut_fw-la leges_fw-la henrici_fw-la i._n reg._n ang._n thaine_n minores_fw-la respectu_fw-la thainorum_fw-la majorum_fw-la qui_fw-la baronibus_fw-la aequiparantur_fw-la but_o that_o these_o lesser_a thanes_z or_o vavassor_n be_v also_o style_v barones_n sir_n h._n spelman_n tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n baro_n 70._o etiam_fw-la barones_n comitum_fw-la procer_fw-la umque_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la barones_n subalterni_fw-la &_o baronum_n barones_n sâ—pissime_fw-la leguntur_fw-la and_o of_o this_o he_o give_v we_o many_o example_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o chief_a tenant_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o ramsey_n above_o mention_v so_o likewise_o the_o same_o author_n a_o leaf_n or_o two_o far_a speak_v of_o the_o barones_n of_o london_n mention_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o understand_v they_o pro_fw-la civibus_fw-la praestantioribus_fw-la qui_fw-la socnas_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la i._n e._n curias_n habuerunt_fw-la &_o privilegia_fw-la eorum_fw-la instar_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la barones_n comitatus_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la etc._n etc._n nor_o do_v this_o title_n of_o barones_n extend_v to_o london_n alone_o but_o he_o also_o immediate_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o place_n sic_fw-la barones_n de_fw-la ebaraco_n de_fw-fr cestria_n de_fw-la warwico_fw-la de_fw-mi so_o feversham_n &_o plurium_fw-la villaram_fw-la regiis_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la insignium_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it tum_fw-la in_fw-it gallia_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o baron_n of_o county_n be_v no_o more_o than_o lord_n of_o manor_n i_o have_v just_a now_o prove_v for_o socna_n mean_v no_o more_o than_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr or_o court_n of_o a_o manor_n so_o that_o here_o arise_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la the_o king_n be_v great_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o these_o lesser_a baron_n we_o now_o be_v here_o speak_v of_o call_v medmesse_n thegnes_fw-la and_o burgh_n thegnes_fw-la by_o the_o saxon_n till_o they_o 〈◊〉_d on_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o though_o no_o peer_n yet_o be_v barones_n regni_fw-la baron_n or_o nobleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o general_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n nobiles_fw-la in_o that_o age_n and_o be_v such_o make_v up_o the_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n call_v by_o matt._n paris_n and_o other_o author_n baronagium_n or_o communitas_fw-la baronagit_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la m._n i_o see_v you_o do_v all_o you_o can_v from_o the_o equivocal_a use_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n to_o crowd_n in_o new_a and_o unknown_a man_n into_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n your_o baron_n of_o county_n city_n and_o town_n who_o since_o you_o dare_v not_o affirm_v there_o be_v then_o any_o knight_n of_o shire_n you_o suppose_v to_o have_v serve_v instead_o of_o they_o and_o these_o you_o will_v have_v to_o be_v not_o barones_n regis_fw-la but_o regni_n or_o terrae_fw-la 161._o forsooth_o i._n e._n of_o the_o land_n or_o kingdom_n whereas_o we_o never_o have_v any_o true_a barones_n hold_v by_o mean_a tenor_n here_o in_o england_n this_o if_o you_o deny_v you_o must_v deny_v all_o history_n and_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o law-book_n too_o and_o if_o you_o grant_v it_o you_o must_v confess_v that_o every_o baron_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o your_o own_o concession_n he_o must_v then_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o baro_n regis_fw-la i_o grant_v indeed_o there_o be_v nominal_a or_o titular_a baron_n such_o as_o you_o mention_v many_o in_o those_o time_n such_o as_o be_v tenant_n to_o great_a lord_n bishop_n or_o abbot_n of_o who_o we_o find_v frequent_a mention_n in_o our_o ancient_a history_n record_n and_o charter_n but_o these_o be_v not_o the_o man_n who_o have_v ever_o any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o ever_o they_o appear_v there_o before_o the_o time_n i_o assign_v and_o i_o will_v also_o have_v you_o inform_v yourself_o of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o notion_n if_o they_o can_v prove_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o kind_n of_o tenure_n as_o tenura_n de_fw-fr terra_fw-la or_o de_fw-fr regno_fw-la or_o whether_o there_o be_v ever_o any_o man_n that_o hold_v a_o estate_n de_fw-fr regno_fw-la whether_o forfeiture_n or_o escheat_n be_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o whether_o fealty_n be_v swear_v or_o homage_n do_v to_o the_o kingdom_n or_o whether_o a_o earl_n be_v invest_v or_o gird_v with_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o county_n by_o the_o kingdom_n or_o whether_o the_o ancient_a ceremony_n use_v at_o the_o creation_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v do_v by_o the_o kingdom_n thus_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o thus_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v perform_v and_o do_v to_o our_o ancient_a king_n and_o by_o they_o which_o be_v most_o manifest_a note_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o baron_n and_o that_o they_o be_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o consequence_n his_o baron_n only_o which_o you_o can_v deny_v and_o of_o which_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n always_o create_v by_o investiture_n of_o robe_n or_o other_o ceremony_n be_v summon_v by_o particular_a write_n
and_o the_o other_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o since_o the_o 17_o of_o king_n john_n be_v summon_v by_o one_o common_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n since_o which_o time_n if_o not_o some_o time_n before_o i_o grant_v these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o look_v upon_o as_o baron_n or_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n proper_o so_o call_v yet_o do_v their_o vote_n in_o parliament_n still_o conclude_v and_o charge_v their_o tenant_n in_o the_o make_n and_o impose_v of_o tax_n or_o law_n which_o they_o alone_o together_o with_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a baron_n still_o perform_v until_o the_o time_n i_o assign_v f._n i_o see_v you_o be_v in_o a_o wood_n and_o do_v not_o know_v well_o under_o what_o class_n to_o rank_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o if_o they_o be_v at_o first_o all_o lord_n or_o peer_n how_o can_v they_o serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o hundred_o or_o county_z court_n if_o they_o be_v mere_a commoner_n than_o there_o be_v commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o and_o why_o may_v not_o other_o as_o considerable_a commoner_n have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o we_o never_o have_v any_o baron_n hold_v by_o mean_a tenure_n here_o in_o england_n this_o be_v plain_o equivocal_a for_o if_o you_o mean_v it_o of_o barony_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o be_v true_a if_o of_o other_o barony_n it_o be_v false_a by_o your_o own_o confession_n and_o sir_n h._n spâ—lman_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o title_n last_o quote_v that_o the_o baron_n of_o burford_n plead_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o yet_o he_o be_v never_o any_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o if_o he_o and_o such_o like_a baron_n as_o himself_o have_v no_o place_n in_o parliament_n who_o it_o be_v represent_v they_o there_o and_o therefore_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o dilemma_n i_o grant_v that_o every_o baron_n by_o tenure_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o every_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o a_o baron_n and_o this_o i_o think_v be_v so_o plain_a that_o you_o yourself_o can_v deny_v it_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o next_o question_n i_o can_v answer_v it_o without_o ask_v the_o gentleman_n from_o who_o you_o suppose_v i_o borrow_v the_o notion_n that_o there_o may_v be_v other_o baron_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o estate_n may_v have_v place_n in_o parliament_n suppose_v knight_n of_o shire_n be_v not_o introduce_v till_o after_o henry_n the_o ii_o or_o king_n john_n time_n when_o such_o freeholder_n become_v too_o numerous_a all_o to_o appear_v in_o person_n and_o yet_o these_o may_v not_o be_v baron_n by_o tenure_n and_o therefore_o all_o your_o question_n conclude_v nothing_o for_o you_o suppose_v that_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v prove_v that_o because_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n proper_o so_o call_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v consequent_o his_o baron_n that_o therefore_o none_o but_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n you_o only_o suppose_v and_o i_o as_o positive_o deny_v m._n well_o sir_n since_o you_o put_v it_o to_o that_o issue_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v full_o convince_v you_o that_o none_o but_o the_o person_n i_o have_v mention_v be_v the_o constituent_a member_n of_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n before_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o or_o 18_o edw._n i_o and_o who_o do_v give_v assent_v to_o all_o law_n that_o be_v make_v and_o all_o tax_n that_o be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o themselves_o and_o their_o under-tenant_n who_o be_v then_o conclude_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o superior_a lord_n but_o not_o to_o wrangle_v with_o you_o any_o long_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n 116._o i_o grant_v there_o be_v nominal_a or_o titular_a baron_n very_o many_o such_o as_o i_o have_v mention_v nay_o that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o great_a subject_n who_o have_v tenant_n that_o hold_v 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 〈◊〉_d nay_o more_o knight_n fee_n under_o they_o and_o who_o have_v the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o baron_n but_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o purpose_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v prove_v to_o i_o by_o any_o direct_a proof_n that_o these_o sort_n of_o man_n have_v any_o voice_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n in_o our_o great_a council_n till_o after_o the_o time_n we_o allow_v they_o and_o this_o beside_o the_o proof_n i_o have_v already_o bring_v i_o think_v be_v sufficient_a since_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o barones_n regni_fw-la or_o terra_n and_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n that_o be_v they_o be_v the_o king_n be_v great_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o alone_o constitute_v the_o baronage_n or_o university_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o for_o the_o far_a proof_n of_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o those_o very_a argument_n your_o own_o author_n 111._o mr._n p._n have_v make_v use_n of_o in_o his_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v wherein_o he_o will_v prove_v from_o certain_a letter_n that_o be_v send_v from_o the_o baronage_n or_o university_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o the_o pope_n against_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n exaction_n here_o in_o england_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o bring_v only_a fragment_n phrase_n or_o single_a word_n out_o of_o the_o record_n or_o history_n which_o seem_v to_o countenance_v my_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o those_o record_n and_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o historian_n as_o some_o of_o your_o man_n do_v but_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o quotation_n out_o of_o those_o author_n whole_a and_o entire_a and_o shall_v make_v such_o reasonable_a deduction_n from_o they_o as_o i_o think_v you_o will_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o deny_v to_o be_v fair_o raise_v from_o the_o word_n themselves_o and_o also_o as_o matt._n paris_n relate_v in_o the_o 29_o hen._n iii_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n send_v letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 658._o then_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o pope_n exaction_n which_o letter_n be_v say_v by_o this_o author_n to_o be_v direct_v a_o magnatibus_fw-la &_o universitate_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o in_o the_o same_o year_n there_o be_v other_o letter_n send_v thither_o from_o the_o same_o party_n to_o the_o cardinal_n there_o assemble_v which_o be_v recite_v by_o the_o old_a manuscript_n to_o have_v send_v messenger_n to_o the_o cardinal_n and_o the_o old_a manuscript_n in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n that_o they_o send_v to_o the_o cardinal_n assemble_v at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n â—_z a_o baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o universis_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la 〈◊〉_d rogeram_fw-la bigod_n comitem_fw-la norff._n willielmum_fw-la de_fw-la cantelupo_n johannem_fw-la silium_fw-la galfriâ—â—â—_n radulphum_fw-la filium_fw-la nicholas_n philippum_fw-la basset_n barones_n procuratores_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angâ—â—â—_n tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la innocentio_n papa_n quarto_fw-la celebrante_fw-la concilium_fw-la ibi_fw-la generale_fw-mi anno_fw-la gratia_n 1245._o and_o the_o letter_n be_v thus_o direct_v venerabilibus_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la fratribus_fw-la uniâ—â—sis_fw-la &_o singulis_n dei_fw-la gratia_n salutem_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o that_o matt._n of_o westminster_n do_v likewise_o agree_v in_o this_o relation_n only_o style_v the_o person_n last_o name_v milites_fw-la who_o matt._n paris_n call_v viri_fw-la nobiles_fw-la &_o discreti_fw-la but_o this_o will_v make_v no_o difference_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o and_o to_o these_o matt._n of_o westminster_n add_v mr._n william_n powic_n clark_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v their_o secretary_n but_o notwithstanding_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o all_o these_o person_n so_o send_v name_v barones_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la 103.104_o do_v not_o represent_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n at_o all_o but_o only_o the_o great_a earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o first_o it_o appear_v from_o sir_n w._n dugdale_n baronage_n of_o england_n they_o that_o every_o one_o of_o the_o person_n here_o name_v be_v either_o a_o earl_n baron_n or_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o nâ—â—_n common_a person_n as_o your_o author_n will_v have_v they_o and_o though_o it_o true_a the_o cottonian_a manuscript_n
refer_v but_o to_o this_o very_a letter_n which_o be_v assent_v as_o well_o per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o by_o your_o baron_n here_o call_v nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o this_o application_n thereof_o be_v give_v by_o mr_n pryn_n himself_o when_o he_o make_v use_v of_o these_o record_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v far_o that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o for_o all_o this_o author_n opinion_n to_o the_o contrary_a 119._o may_v join_v in_o a_o letter_n ro_o the_o pope_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o that_o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 17_o the_o of_o edw._n iii_o about_o the_o provision_n of_o benefice_n which_o then_o grow_v so_o exorbitant_a that_o walsingham_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n quod_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la regni_fw-la pati_fw-la noluit_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o phrase_n the_o letter_n itself_o will_v best_o explain_v 161._o the_o beginning_n and_o conclusion_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o english_a as_o you_o may_v find_v it_o in_o mr._n fox_n book_n of_o martyr_n to_o the_o most_o holy_a father_n in_o god_n lord_n clement_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n 501._o and_o of_o the_o universal_a church_n chief_a and_o high-bishop_n his_o humble_a and_o devout_a child_n the_o prince_n duke_n earls_z baron_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o all_o the_o communality_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n assemble_v at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n the_o 15_o the_o day_n of_o may_n last_o pass_v etc._n etc._n in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v hereunto_o set_v our_o 〈◊〉_d give_v in_o the_o full_a parliament_n at_o westminst_n on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o may_n anno_fw-la drâ—_n 1343._o and_o it_o still_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n viz._n 17_o edw._n iii_o n._n 59_o that_o the_o commons_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v stay_v at_o the_o parliament_n till_o they_o have_v perfect_v and_o seal_v this_o letter_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o letter_n then_o write_v by_o the_o parliament_n 3._o appear_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n still_o among_o the_o tower_n record_n in_o which_o he_o imitate_v his_o grandfather_n edw._n i._n and_o great_a grandfather_n hen._n iii_o who_o also_o seâ—_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n on_o such_o like_a occasion_n but_o in_o those_o to_o excuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n from_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o complain_v he_o have_v this_o passage_n that_o since_o it_o be_v the_o judgement_n tam_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o nobilium_fw-la quaâ—_n communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o ultimo_fw-la parliamento_fw-la contra_fw-la provisorum_fw-la exercitum_fw-la to_o conclude_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o under_o the_o universitas_fw-la regâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 29_o hen._n iii_o and_o under_o the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o 29_o edw._n i._o be_v mean_v the_o same_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n as_o be_v more_o particular_o recite_v in_o this_o present_a letter_n viz._n the_o 〈◊〉_d lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v m._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o the_o sense_n you_o now_o put_v â—pon_o these_o word_n universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la before_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n for_o you_o yourself_o must_v grant_v that_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la take_v in_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o same_o whole_a body_n or_o community_n thereof_o therefore_o if_o i_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o in_o those_o time_n this_o universâ—â—y_n or_o community_n consist_v only_o of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la ought_v never_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o the_o english_a word_n commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n till_o after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o allow_v the_o commons_o be_v admit_v to_o make_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n nor_o always_o then_o neither_o and_o mr._n p._n in_o his_o book_n which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o cite_v have_v do_v very_o unfair_o to_o make_v the_o universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o comprehend_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o they_o everappear_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o and_o so_o have_v he_o likewise_o abuse_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v to_o signify_v the_o commons_o when_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o more_o thereby_o mean_v than_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o laity_n which_o at_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o the_o earl_n baron_n or_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 28._o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o by_o communitas_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la or_o baronum_n be_v often_o understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o prelate_n or_o great_a baron_n only_o call_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la yet_o most_o frequent_o these_o with_o all_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v make_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n and_o be_v altogether_o call_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n the_o community_n of_o the_o land_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o undeniable_a proof_n by_o and_o by_o f._n i_o be_o very_a well_o aware_a that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la often_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n yet_o not_o exclude_v the_o commons_o as_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v for_o then_o the_o word_n must_v signify_v quite_o contrary_a to_o its_o genuine_a signification_n instead_o of_o people_n the_o great_a nobility_n only_o yet_o that_o when_o it_o be_v put_v after_o as_o distinct_a from_o magnate_n it_o must_v mean_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o nobility_n only_o 55._o but_o take_v in_o oftentimes_o the_o commons_o too_o pray_v see_v matt._n west_n who_o tell_v we_o king_n edw._n i._o in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la melitia_fw-la silii_fw-la regis_fw-la concessus_fw-la est_fw-la regi_fw-la zomus_fw-la denarius_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la mercatores_fw-la vero_fw-la vicesâ—mum_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la upon_o which_o your_o dr._n in_o his_o glossary_a very_a well_o remark_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a upon_o record_n who_o be_v the_o populus_fw-la mean_v by_o the_o historian_n viz._n the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v lord_n it_o be_v plain_a populus_fw-la take_v in_o the_o commonâ—_n too_o but_o universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la call_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr communâ—_n dangletterre_fw-fr be_v often_o take_v for_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n and_o this_o sir_n edward_n coke_n own_v express_o in_o his_o 2d_o instit._n upon_o these_o word_n in_o articulis_fw-la supâ—â—_n chartas_n 539._o thus_o here_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v take_v for_o people_n so_o astout_a le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v here_o take_v for_o all_o the_o people_n and_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n but_o general_o to_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o realm_n viz._n to_o those_o of_o thâ—_n clergy_n and_o to_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o to_o the_o commons_o also_o and_o this_o be_v a_o rational_a as_o well_o as_o grammatical_a interpretation_n for_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n universus_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o whole_a 〈◊〉_d universal_a so_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n 〈◊〉_d common_a or_o general_n so_o that_o these_o two_o word_n when_o use_v simple_o in_o a_o political_a 〈◊〉_d legal_a sense_n aught_o to_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o freemen_n appear_v themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n or_o representative_n in_o parliament_n but_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o under_o those_o general_n word_n use_v in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n viz._n principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la nobiles_fw-la magnates_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v either_o all_o the_o considerable_a freeholder_n oâ—_n lord_n of_o manner_n or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n so_o
voluntate_fw-la &_o precipto_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la â—â—â—datorum_fw-la baâ—onium_fw-la ac_fw-la etiam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la praesentium_fw-la m._n i_o think_v the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o full_a satisfaction_n as_o to_o this_o record_n p._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n the_o substance_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o in_o short_a first_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o force_a peace_n simon_n mountford_n and_o his_o faction_n then_o hold_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n as_o also_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n brother_n as_o good_a as_o prisoner_n and_o make_v they_o do_v what_o he_o please_v and_o he_o carry_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n along_o with_o he_o until_o he_o have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v than_o he_o call_v this_o parliament_n which_o can_v not_o be_v one_o in_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v now_o take_v since_o there_o be_v none_o there_o but_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o head_n of_o the_o rebel_n which_o have_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o their_o power_n and_o as_o you_o yourself_o set_v forth_o be_v the_o same_o person_n that_o seal_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o other_o baron_n and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o community_n must_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o great_a man_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o military_a service_n and_o no_o other_o for_o how_o can_v the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v they_o do_v not_o then_o nor_o now_o do_v represent_v they_o 217._o but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o another_o authority_n to_o make_v this_o clear_a of_o some_o year_n before_o relate_v in_o matt._n paris_n viz._n anno_fw-la dom._n 12â—â—_n 42_o d_o hen._n iii_o where_o letter_n be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v a_o communitate_fw-la angliae_fw-la to_o the_o pope_n concern_v aymer_n de_fw-fr valence_n bishop_n elect_n of_o wachester_n the_o direction_n be_v thus_o sanctissimo_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la patri_fw-la etc._n etc._n communitas_fw-la comitum_fw-la procerum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la cum_fw-la subjectione_n debita_fw-la pedum_n osrâ—â—â—_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o put_v the_o matter_n beyond_o all_o doubt_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o letter_n be_v seal_v by_o six_o earl_n and_o five_o baron_n only_o vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la i_o need_v 〈◊〉_d give_v you_o their_o name_n since_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o the_o author_n himself_o as_o also_o cite_v by_o the_o dr._n and_o as_o for_o h._n bigod_n the_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o four_o person_n name_v after_o he_o they_o be_v prove_v by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o his_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v the_o great_a baron_n in_o the_o kingdom_n now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n do_v these_o eleven_o person_n all_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n represent_v the_o whole_a commons_o or_o community_n of_o england_n as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v or_o do_v they_o represent_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n only_o together_o with_o the_o alios_fw-la the_o milites_fw-la which_o hold_v by_o military_a service_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o whole_a community_n here_o intend_v must_v be_v one_o of_o they_o take_v which_o you_o please_v you_o will_v lose_v the_o cause_n for_o certain_o these_o great_a 〈◊〉_d and_o baron_n that_o seal_v this_o letter_n vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la be_v not_o choose_v nor_o send_v by_o the_o commons_o to_o this_o parliament_n or_o meeting_n nor_o be_v the_o commons_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n by_o they_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o grant_v f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o make_v any_o long_a reply_n to_o this_o answer_n of_o youâ—â—_n or_o rather_o of_o your_o dr.'s_n since_o it_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o same_o false_a supposition_n with_o the_o other_o viz._n that_o the_o word_n cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la tot_fw-la â_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la must_v always_o mean_v only_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o supposition_n if_o it_o be_v false_a in_o your_o former_a argument_n be_v also_o as_o false_a in_o this_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o too_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v impertinent_a to_o repeat_v my_o answer_n to_o it_o but_o if_o this_o be_v no_o true_a parliament_n because_o simon_n mountford_n have_v then_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o his_o power_n this_o will_v likewise_o serve_v to_o unparliament_n that_o of_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o this_o king_n from_o whence_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n date_n the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n since_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v as_o much_o in_o simon_n mountford_n power_n then_o as_o now_o and_o yet_o no_o man_n as_o i_o know_v of_o ever_o question_v the_o validity_n of_o it_o though_o i_o can_v also_o omit_v that_o you_o pass_v by_o in_o this_o letter_n the_o word_n magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la under_o which_o word_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v may_v very_o well_o be_v comprehend_v all_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n unless_o the_o word_n have_v run_v thus_o as_o they_o shall_v have_v do_v to_o have_v make_v out_o your_o assertion_n aliorumque_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a point_n you_o insist_v upon_o which_o be_v how_o these_o great_a earlâ—_n and_o baron_n can_v seal_v this_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o these_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o i_o answer_v to_o that_o i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o one_o question_n you_o have_v already_o allow_v that_o the_o ordinary_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o which_o that_o numerous_a body_n chief_o consist_v though_o call_v by_o courtesy_n barones_n minores_fw-la be_v real_o no_o baron_n nor_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o if_o so_o be_v but_o commoner_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o these_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n you_o mention_v to_o have_v sign_v this_o peace_n and_o this_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n can_v put_v their_o seal_n for_o those_o who_o be_v no_o baron_n themselves_o by_o your_o own_o confession_n and_o you_o can_v say_v they_o represent_v they_o for_o they_o be_v as_o good_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o great_a lord_n but_o if_o you_o say_v they_o do_v it_o by_o their_o order_n and_o consent_n pray_v why_o may_v not_o these_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n as_o well_o do_v the_o like_a for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n by_o their_o appointment_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o lord_n do_v act_v thus_o in_o the_o letter_n which_o be_v send_v to_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o business_n of_o scotland_n and_o beside_o i_o must_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o dr._n and_o you_o do_v not_o deal_v fair_o with_o your_o adversary_n in_o cite_v this_o authority_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v these_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n vice_n tâ—tius_fw-la communitatâ—s_fw-la angliae_fw-la since_o i_o acknowledge_v in_o this_o place_n the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v put_v alone_o do_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v quote_v it_o be_v put_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o so_o then_o must_v mean_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n or_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v and_o as_o it_o have_v be_v always_o use_v in_o french_a as_o well_o as_o in_o latin_a when_o it_o come_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v and_o for_o this_o pray_v see_v the_o stat._n of_o westm._n i._o make_v 3_o d_o edw._n i._n but_o eleven_o year_n after_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o hen._n iii_o per_n l'assâ—ntments_n des_fw-fr aechievesques_n evesques_n abbes_n prior_n count_n baron_n &_o tout_fw-fr le_fw-fr commonalty_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr illonques_fw-la summone_n which_o phrase_n i_o can_v show_v you_o to_o have_v continue_v the_o same_o in_o most_o of_o our_o french_a statute_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n and_o all_o his_o successor_n in_o many_o record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n whilst_o they_o be_v write_v in_o latin_a or_o french_a which_o i_o shall_v omit_v recite_v because_o i_o suppose_v you_o yourself_o will_v allow_v it_o i_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o to_o say_v concern_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la &_o le_fw-fr communality_n which_o because_o it_o be_v long_o and_o it_o now_o grow_v late_a i_o shall_v
which_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v liable_a to_o as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o your_o conquest_n nor_o will_v the_o 58_o the_o law_n make_v more_o for_o you_o for_o though_o it_o â—â—ly_o say_v that_o all_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o their_o servitor_n or_o esquire_n and_o all_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v always_o be_v fit_v with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o they_o â—â—ought_v to_o be_v and_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v according_a to_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o â—ees_n and_o tenor_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o law_n can_v extend_v to_o the_o less_o 〈◊〉_d capite_fw-la only_a since_o they_o according_a to_o your_o own_o sense_n be_v comprehend_v â—â—eder_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o their_o servientes_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o mean_v their_o feudataâ—y_a tenant_n be_v as_o much_o tie_v by_o this_o law_n to_o find_v horse_n and_o arm_n as_o the_o tâ—â—ants_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_o so_o that_o whereas_o the_o law_n say_v express_o uniâ—â—rsi_fw-la liberi_fw-la â—â—mines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la it_o shall_v have_v be_v to_o make_v good_a your_o sense_n universe_n libeâ—â—_n homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o freeman_n who_o be_v â—f_o lesser_a estate_n than_o to_o find_v horse_n they_o be_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o such_o arm_n as_o beâ—â—ed_v their_o condition_n as_o we_o see_v it_o explain_v by_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n of_o henry_n ii_o which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v so_o that_o this_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o 〈◊〉_d sense_n you_o put_v upon_o it_o that_o all_o the_o true_a freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o if_o none_o be_v freeman_n that_o do_v not_o but_o refer_v the_o word_n horse_n and_o arm_n to_o those_o who_o be_v to_o â—ind_v both_o and_o the_o word_n arm_n to_o those_o freeman_n who_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o keep_v arm_n â—it_a for_o footman_n which_o sense_n the_o word_n will_v very_o well_o bear_v though_o express_v general_o and_o concise_o according_a to_o the_o mode_n of_o those_o time_n which_o abhor_v more_o word_n than_o â—eeds_o and_o if_o these_o law_n will_v not_o prove_v what_o you_o bring_v they_o for_o much_o less_o till_o the_o last_o you_o have_v cite_v for_o if_o the_o word_n omneâ—_n liberâ—_n homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o law_n who_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n must_v â—â—tend_v to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v all_o freeman_n be_v aâ—â—e_n oblige_v to_o be_v swear_v in_o the_o court_n leer_n and_o county_n court_n so_o must_v this_o too_o 〈◊〉_d title_n be_v that_o omnes_fw-la subditi_fw-la all_o the_o subject_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o maintain_v the_o king_n right_n with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o subditi_fw-la here_o be_v the_o same_o with_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o first_o law_n yet_o since_o by_o that_o law_n all_o freeman_n be_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n these_o must_v be_v also_o the_o very_a same_o freeman_n who_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v brother_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o their_o power_n and_o estate_n so_o that_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v your_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v the_o only_a freeman_n that_o serve_v oâ—_n jury_n etc._n etc._n be_v build_v upon_o a_o false_a interpretation_n of_o these_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v but_o the_o mere_a fancy_n and_o imagination_n of_o the_o author_n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v they_o but_o take_v the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o strict_a sense_n and_o as_o they_o be_v be_v the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n and_o h._n iii_o chap._n 14._o where_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la non_fw-la amercietur_fw-la pro_fw-la parvo_fw-la delicto_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la illius_fw-la delicti_fw-la saluâ—â—h_fw-mi contenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la &_o mercatar_a eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la salva_fw-la marchandiza_fw-mi &_o villanus_fw-la saluâ—_n wâ—nagio_n upon_o which_o word_n sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o 2_o d._n inst._n observe_v that_o 〈◊〉_d homo_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v such_o a_o one_o as_o enjoy_v a_o franc_n tenement_n that_o be_v any_o sort_n of_o freeâ—â—_n hold_v but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o prove_v by_o some_o plain_a authority_n that_o the_o arch-bishops_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n etc._n etc._n together_o with_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capita_fw-la be_v the_o only_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n in_o the_o time_n immediate_o succeed_v the_o reign_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o m._n i_o shall_v perform_v your_o desire_n and_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o great_a council_n 〈◊〉_d parliament_n hold_v at_o clarendon_n of_o which_o matt._n paris_n tell_v we_o 〈◊〉_d dom._n 1164._o 10_o the_o of_o king_n h._n ii_o â—20_n in_o presentia_fw-la regis_fw-la henriâ—s_n 〈…〉_z rendon_n 8_o calend._n febr._n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr mandato_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la presentibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la recognitio_fw-la and_o which_o quadrilogus_fw-la and_o gervasâ—_n 〈◊〉_d canterbury_n comprise_v under_o the_o general_a term_n of_o brasules_a &_o prâ—ceres_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingâ—dom_n 1164._o what_o can_v be_v more_o clear_a by_o this_o enumeration_n of_o the_o constitâ—â—ent_a part_n of_o this_o full_a parliament_n as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n and_o other_o author_n agree_v it_o to_o be_v than_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o none_o of_o theâ—_n and_o that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la in_o hoveden_n be_v only_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o lay_v nobility_n so_o likewise_o when_o these_o constitution_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o this_o king_n at_o bathampton_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o though_o by_o a_o mistake_v it_o be_v writtâ—â—_n nottingham_n that_o rex_fw-la pater_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la magnum_fw-la consilium_fw-la de_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v regni_fw-la 50._o &_o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopâ—â—_n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o council_n be_v more_o particular_o recite_v by_o benedictus_n abbas_n in_o his_o manuscript_n history_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n anno._n 1176._o which_o be_v the_o 25_o the_o h._n 〈◊〉_d circa_n festum_fw-la conversionis_fw-la sancti_fw-la pauli_n julii_fw-la venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la â—â—â—thampton_fw-la &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d episcopis_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la eye_v per_fw-la 〈◊〉_d regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o per_fw-la concilium_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o nilitâ—â—_n hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la hanc_fw-la subscriptam_fw-la assisam_fw-la â—ecit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n dean_n of_o st._n paul_n a._n d._n 1210._o a_o diligent_a searcher_n into_o the_o history_n and_o transaction_n of_o his_o own_o and_o former_a time_n 40._o do_v yet_o more_o full_o declare_v the_o meaning_n of_o abbot_n benedict_n in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o this_o great_a council_n thus_o rex_fw-la juxta_fw-la consilium_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la regis_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la consentientibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n hoc_fw-la autem_fw-la factum_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la northamptonam_fw-la â—ino_fw-la kal_n febr._n from_o all_o which_o authority_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o this_o council_n at_o northampton_n as_o well_o as_o that_o at_o clarendon_n be_v a_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o which_o be_v summon_v of_o the_o laity_n only_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o he_o viz._n the_o king_n land_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v for_o the_o better_a explain_v who_o be_v understand_v under_o these_o title_n of_o baronum_n militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la that_o be_v such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_n and_o such_o as_o be_v his_o man_n or_o tenant_n that_o be_v military_a tenant_n as_o be_v not_o knight_v and_o who_o hold_v land_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o son_n to_o who_o the_o king_n may_v assign_v divers_a of_o these_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o atturn_v tenant_n to_o he_o 204._o and_o to_o maintain_v his_o court_n and_o kingship_n and_o the_o king_n be_v comites_fw-la and_o barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o or_o be_v his_o immediate_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o homo_fw-la suus_fw-la &_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la do_v for_o
that_o king_n last_o mention_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la 〈◊〉_d regni_fw-la yet_o there_o be_v likewise_o no_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o knight_n and_o citizen_n 〈◊〉_d burgess_n f._n before_o i_o answer_v this_o main_a argument_n of_o you_o which_o i_o free_o grant_v carry_v the_o great_a show_n of_o probability_n of_o any_o you_o have_v yet_o bring_v give_v i_o â—â—â—ve_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o think_v you_o be_v very_o much_o out_o in_o your_o first_o conclusion_n that_o before_o this_o charter_n the_o king_n exercise_v a_o royal_a prerogative_n of_o impose_v tax_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o parliament_n for_o if_o you_o mean_v that_o this_o exaction_n be_v exercise_v de_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o you_o will_v make_v it_o a_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n i_o grant_v this_o be_v true_a not_o only_o before_o but_o after_o this_o charter_n before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v but_o if_o you_o 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all_o concern_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o only_o to_o observe_v that_o by_o the_o 15_o and_o 16_o clause_n of_o this_o charter_n you_o have_v now_o read_v both_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o all_o other_o city_n barâ—â—ghs_n and_o town_n have_v a_o right_a to_o have_v a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assessment_n of_o aid_n otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o three_o case_n there_o expect_v and_o â—ay_v take_v the_o dr_n paraphrase_n to_o this_o clause_n along_o with_o you_o in_o his_o appendix_n to_o his_o complete_a history_n of_o england_n viz._n that_o they_o viz._n the_o citizen_n burgess_n â—_o and_o cinque_fw-fr port_n shall_v send_v their_o representative_n or_o commissioner_n to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assessment_n of_o aid_n so_o that_o according_a to_o his_o concession_n there_o must_v have_v be_v citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o the_o great_a 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tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la spontanea_fw-la voluâ—â—â—te_fw-la suâ—_n &_o sine_fw-la conâ—uetudine_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la efficax_n auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la magna_fw-la negotia_fw-la nostra_fw-la expedienda_fw-la unde_fw-la provisum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d de_fw-la consilâ—o_fw-la illorum_fw-la quod_fw-la habeamus_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n quae_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la gapite_fw-la duâ—s_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o unde_fw-la proviâ—erint_fw-la reddere_fw-la nobis_fw-la unam_fw-la medietatem_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la micâ—aelis_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 19_o &_o aliam_fw-la medictatem_fw-la ad_fw-la pasche_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la â—osirâ—_n 20._o ideo_fw-la tibi_fw-la precipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la capite_fw-la ad_fw-la mandatum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la patris_fw-la r._n cicestren_a episcopi_fw-la cancellarii_n nostri_fw-la sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la distringas_fw-la omnes_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberos_fw-la tenentes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenent_n per_fw-la servitium_n militare_fw-la in_o balliva_fw-la tua_fw-la ad_fw-la redlendum_fw-la ei_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la feotis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n dvas_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la per_fw-la manum_fw-la svam_fw-la reddendum_fw-la in_o terminis_fw-la predictis_fw-la sic_fw-la scribitur_fw-la pro_fw-la aliis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o tell_v i_o whether_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o that_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v wherein_o it_o be_v first_o especial_o provide_v that_o no_o aid_n or_o scutage_n shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n thereof_o and_o yet_o you_o see_v by_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o archbishop_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o baron_n there_o mention_v together_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o grant_v a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n tax_v of_o two_o mark_n for_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o not_o only_o those_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v in_o their_o hand_n but_o also_o all_o those_o subseudatary_a tenant_n call_v here_o freeholder_n who_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n be_v likewise_o charge_v for_o every_o knight_n fee_n so_o hold_v the_o like_a sum_n of_o two_o mark_n now_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a from_o this_o record_n than_o that_o this_o be_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o yet_o consist_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o some_o better_a proof_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n different_a from_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n f._n i_o grant_v this_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o be_v a_o good_a authority_n for_o
be_v know_v who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o come_v to_o this_o council_n if_o these_o word_n have_v not_o be_v insert_v so_o that_o this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o these_o liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o when_o eadmerus_n and_o other_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n afterward_o call_v the_o parliament_n than_o their_o expression_n be_v more_o general_a and_o comprehensive_a for_o proof_n of_o which_o copy_n pray_v consult_v the_o old_a english_a saxon_a annal_n continue_v down_o to_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n i._n wherein_o anno._n dom._n 1085._o be_v the_o last_o year_n of_o william_n i._o there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a passage_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o in_o english_a at_o christmas_n the_o king_n viz._n william_n i._o be_v at_o gloucester_n with_o his_o noble_n and_o there_o hold_v his_o curia_n or_o court_n in_o saxon_a his_o hire_a five_o day_n and_o immediate_o after_o it_o follow_v thus_o after_o this_o he_o hold_v a_o great_a council_n in_o saxon_n mycel_n getheat_n where_o he_o have_v many_o great_a discourse_n with_o the_o noble_n etc._n etc._n now_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o this_o court_n here_o call_v his_o hire_v can_v not_o be_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v it_o meet_v again_o so_o quick_o if_o it_o have_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o why_o be_v they_o here_o call_v by_o different_a title_n the_o one_o his_o hire_a or_o court_n and_o the_o other_o the_o mycel_n gatheaâ—_n 451._o the_o great_a council_n which_o be_v also_o call_v common_a concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o sir_n henry_n spellmans_fw-mi council_n in_o this_o very_a year_n and_o to_o show_v you_o more_o plain_o the_o difference_n between_o this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o the_o lesser_a council_n of_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la pray_v see_v eadmerus_n who_o relate_v what_o be_v do_v in_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o easter_n 58._o immediate_o before_o the_o invasion_n of_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n in_o the_o 2d_o year_n of_o henry_n i._o say_v there_o meet_v tota_fw-la angliae_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la cum_fw-la populi_n numerositate_fw-la and_o then_o archbishop_n anselm_n engage_v for_o the_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v govern_v the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o just_a law_n thereof_o where_o you_o see_v that_o beside_o the_o noble_a man_n and_o gentleman_n here_o call_v regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o commons_o here_o term_v in_o the_o barbarous_a latin_a of_o that_o age_n populi_n numerositas_fw-la but_o when_o the_o king_n hold_v his_o curia_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o the_o expression_n be_v more_o particular_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o many_o charter_n of_o our_o first_o norman_n king_n to_o several_a abbey_n of_o their_o own_o foundation_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v consilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la tam_fw-la presulum_fw-la quam_fw-la laicorum_fw-la as_o you_o will_v for_o example_n find_v it_o in_o the_o charter_n of_o hen._n i._n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o abington_n as_o it_o be_v exemplify_v in_o the_o ancient_a manuscript_n register_n of_o that_o abbey_n now_o in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n in_o which_o book_n you_o will_v find_v more_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n which_o plain_o make_v out_o this_o difference_n between_o this_o less_o council_n of_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o further_a proof_n of_o this_o pay_v see_v the_o instrument_n of_o king_n john_n resignation_n of_o his_o crown_n to_o the_o pope_n as_o you_o will_v find_v it_o at_o the_o end_n of_o dr._n b_n complete_a history_n which_o be_v recite_v to_o have_v be_v do_v communi_fw-la concilio_n baronum_fw-la noâ—troâ—um_fw-la that_o be_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v all_o there_o present_a in_o arm_n against_o the_o land_n of_o the_o french_a king_n then_o expect_v and_o yet_o this_o be_v never_o look_v upon_o to_o have_v be_v do_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la ragni_fw-la since_o this_o resignation_n be_v declare_v void_a by_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o commons_o in_o full_a parliament_n in_o the_o 40th_o of_o edward_n iii_o because_o do_v saâ—z_n lour_v assent_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o that_o year_n but_o when_o ever_o the_o whole_a great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v summon_v to_o assemble_v than_o this_o lesser_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la must_v needs_o meet_v also_o as_o be_v a_o principal_a part_n of_o it_o and_o then_o the_o expression_n be_v more_o comprehensive_a as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v and_o our_o ancient_a historian_n do_v in_o my_o opinion_n by_o their_o expression_n plain_o signify_v a_o union_n of_o both_o these_o council_n to_o make_v up_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o letter_n which_o the_o priory_n of_o canterbury_n write_v to_o the_o pope_n upon_o the_o election_n of_o ralph_n bishop_n of_o rochester_n in_o the_o 14_o of_o hen._n 1._o to_o the_o see_v of_o cantebury_n as_o you_o will_v find_v they_o in_o eadmerus_n lib._n 5._o fol._n 111._o and_o which_o be_v there_o say_v to_o have_v be_v make_v adunato_fw-la conventu_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la that_o be_v in_o the_o unite_a assembly_n of_o all_o england_n viz._n the_o episcopi_fw-la abbates_n &_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o itgens_fw-la populi_n multitudo_fw-la so_o likewise_o hovelen_n in_o his_o history_n fol._n 273._o anu_fw-la 1121_o be_v the_o 18_o of_o hen._n 1._o relate_v the_o king_n marriage_n with_o the_o lady_n adeliza_n daughter_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o louvain_n to_o have_v be_v celebrate_v at_o windsor_n adunato_fw-la concilio_n totius_fw-la regni_fw-la i._n e._n in_o the_o unite_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n m._n i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o your_o proof_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o this_o distinction_n of_o your_o friend_n mr._n p._n and_o mr._n a._n his_o second_o between_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o council_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la will_v prove_v but_o a_o mere_a chymra_n of_o those_o gentleman_n from_o who_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o for_o there_o be_v indeed_o but_o one_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n viz._n that_o of_o the_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o first_o authority_n from_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o another_o of_o the_o same_o king_n reign_n which_o will_v show_v the_o different_a expression_n of_o this_o great_a council_n by_o hire_a and_o mycel_v getheat_n to_o have_v be_v the_o particular_a fancy_n of_o that_o monkish_a writer_n and_o it_o be_v from_o gervas_n doâ—â—bornensis_n the_o act_v pontisicum_fw-la cantuarens_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o decem_fw-la scriptores_fw-la 1651._o this_o passage_n anno._n 4._o regis_fw-la wilhelmi_n i._n anno._n dom._n 1070._o lanfrancus_fw-la cadomensis_n ahlu_n electus_fw-la fuit_fw-la archiâ—piscopus_fw-la cantuariensis_n a_o senioribus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la cum_fw-la episcopit_fw-la &_o principibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o assumptione_n sanctae_fw-la mariae_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o this_o confirmation_n of_o the_o archbishop_n be_v make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v here_o call_v collective_o or_o altogether_o and_o not_o one_o part_n of_o it_o only_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o for_o the_o word_n which_o make_v up_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o council_n we_o have_v sufficient_o debate_v they_o and_o therefore_o i_o need_v say_v nothing_o more_o concern_v they_o but_o though_o the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o more_o authority_n to_o prove_v this_o 125._o yet_o i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o but_o one_o more_o from_o badmerus_fw-la it_o be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n i._o thus_o in_o subsequenti_fw-la nativitate_fw-la dom._n christi_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la regis_fw-la lundoniae_n pro_fw-la more_fw-it convenit_fw-la &_o magna_fw-la solemnitate_fw-la habita_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o instance_n be_v full_a in_o all_o point_n here_o be_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a baronage_n or_o university_n of_o england_n for_o bracton_n tell_v we_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n consist_v of_o earldom_n and_o barony_n who_o meet_v according_a to_o custom_n at_o the_o king_n court_n and_o hence_o
of_o coventry_n where_o by_o proceres_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o same_o order_n of_o man_n as_o by_o magnates_n &_o populus_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n so_o that_o it_o be_v with_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n with_o who_o the_o king_n have_v this_o large_a or_o more_o diffusive_a treaty_n as_o this_o author_n word_n it_o f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v now_o put_v a_o very_a fair_a gloss_n upon_o these_o place_n i_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o but_o it_o be_v a_o hundred_o pity_n that_o such_o a_o fine_a hypothesis_n shall_v have_v no_o better_a proof_n than_o your_o bare_a surmise_n to_o support_v it_o for_o that_o be_v all_o the_o authority_n that_o i_o can_v see_v you_o bring_v for_o your_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la for_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o not_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n but_o i_o see_v no_o good_a authority_n as_o yet_o bring_v by_o you_o to_o prove_v it_o except_o that_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o if_o as_o i_o have_v late_o show_v you_o it_o will_v beat_v a_o quite_o different_a interpretation_n all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v upon_o that_o head_n will_v signify_v nothing_o therefore_o as_o for_o the_o main_a argument_n you_o raise_v from_o the_o word_n infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la nobiâ—ium_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v the_o knight_n of_o shire_n together_o with_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n because_o they_o can_v not_o be_v such_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n as_o this_o author_n here_o mention_n to_o have_v i_o at_o london_n as_o also_o because_o of_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o summons_n if_o these_o be_v material_a objection_n against_o our_o opinion_n so_o it_o will_v be_v likewise_o against_o you_o for_o how_o can_v this_o be_v a_o great_a council_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o express_o provide_v for_o forty_o day_n summon_v for_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o come_v to_o this_o assembly_n and_o if_o so_o be_v this_o usage_n be_v break_v at_o this_o time_n upon_o some_o urgent_a occasion_n in_o respect_n of_o they_o it_o may_v be_v so_o also_o as_o to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n may_v be_v choose_v at_o the_o next_o country-court_n and_o their_o name_n return_v immediate_o before_o or_o together_o with_o their_o meeting_n at_o london_n and_o as_o to_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n it_o be_v yet_o more_o easy_a for_o they_o to_o be_v choose_v and_o return_v in_o three_o week_n time_n since_o every_o body_n know_v the_o city_n may_v have_v call_v common_a council_n and_o the_o town_n and_o burrough_n by_o the_o notice_n of_o their_o proper_a officer_n to_o who_o the_o writ_n be_v deliver_v may_v have_v assemble_v at_o their_o common_a hall_n or_o town-house_n immediate_o upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o these_o together_o with_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n join_v with_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la make_v up_o the_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la mention_v by_o mat._n paria_fw-la but_o your_o main_a objection_n i_o confess_v be_v behind_o how_o these_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o here_o call_v infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la can_v be_v the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o number_n can_v not_o be_v at_o that_o time_n above_o 500_o person_n as_o for_o this_o pray_v consider_v if_o the_o difficulty_n will_v not_o bear_v as_o hard_o upon_o you_o for_o if_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la make_v such_o a_o vaft_n multitude_n all_o those_o difficulty_n will_v arise_v that_o you_o press_v i_o with_o upon_o my_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o all_o the_o chief_a freeholders_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n in_o england_n in_o parliament_n before_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v introduce_v in_o the_o room_n of_o they_o viz._n how_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n to_o debate_v vote_n or_o do_v any_o business_n and_o what_o room_n or_o church_n be_v able_a to_o hold_v so_o many_o and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o grant_v all_o your_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o have_v but_o one_o knight_n fee_n apiece_o to_o have_v meet_v there_o these_o may_v have_v make_v a_o body_n of_o 5_o or_o 5000_o man_n which_o how_o they_o can_v have_v be_v manage_v any_o better_a than_o 20000_o or_o 30000_o which_o will_v have_v more_o then_o take_v in_o all_o their_o feudatary_a tenant_n too_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v resolve_v i_o if_o you_o can_v so_o that_o at_o last_o upon_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n this_o populus_fw-la consist_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v as_o much_o commoner_n as_o the_o knight_n oâ—_n shire_n at_o this_o day_n for_o as_o for_o the_o word_n nobilium_fw-la i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o you_o must_v needs_o here_o grant_v it_o that_o it_o take_v in_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n under_o the_o degree_n of_o lord_n as_o well_o as_o the_o superior_a and_o if_o so_o why_o not_o all_o the_o considerable_a measu_fw-la tenant_n of_o those_o tenant_n so_o that_o you_o have_v hitherto_o bring_v no_o proof_n but_o your_o bare_a assertion_n that_o under_o this_o infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la nobilium_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v only_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o either_o this_o author_n speak_v hyperbolical_o or_o else_o all_o the_o chief_a gentry_n of_o england_n of_o whatsoever_o tenure_n may_v have_v appear_v at_o this_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a assembly_n so_o that_o you_o be_v under_o this_o dilemma_n either_o this_o curia_fw-la which_o you_o confess_v meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it be_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o it_o be_v not_o if_o it_o be_v not_o then_o there_o be_v some_o other_o great_a council_n beside_o that_o but_o if_o it_o be_v than_o it_o will_v plain_o follow_v though_o you_o do_v all_o you_o can_v to_o mince_v the_o matter_n that_o this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o parliament_n meet_v of_o course_n by_o ancient_a custom_n three_o time_n in_o the_o year_n without_o any_o summons_n at_o all_o from_o the_o king_n which_o if_o i_o shall_v have_v affirm_v you_o will_v have_v call_v it_o a_o commonwealth_n notion_n since_o nothing_o can_v be_v a_o great_a proof_n that_o this_o assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o parliament_n do_v not_o upon_o your_o hypothesis_n immediate_o depend_v on_o the_o king_n writ_n of_o summons_n for_o their_o assemble_v and_o act_v when_o meet_v m._n well_o since_o you_o can_v bring_v no_o direct_a proof_n that_o these_o be_v any_o other_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o meet_v at_o this_o great_a council_n i_o have_v still_o more_o reason_n to_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v be_v so_o than_o you_o can_v do_v for_o the_o conorary_a opinion_n therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o if_o you_o can_v some_o clear_a and_o late_a proof_n for_o this_o difference_n between_o the_o two_o council_n f._n i_o shall_v comply_v with_o your_o desire_n and_o in_o order_n to_o it_o shall_v conclude_v with_o two_o or_o three_o of_o those_o very_a authority_n the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n where_o he_o give_v we_o this_o passage_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n in_o the_o 2â—â—th_n of_o hen._n 3._o which_o plain_o prove_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o common_a university_n 1244_o or_o sole_a rep._n esentative_a of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n â—_o pray_v read_v it_o eâ—â—â—_n in_o anno_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la regis_fw-la summonitione_fw-la convocati_fw-la londinum_n magnates_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la arciâ—pisâ—ori_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n in_o quo_fw-la concilio_n portis_fw-la rex_fw-la oâ—e_fw-la proprio_fw-la in_o presentia_fw-la magnatum_fw-la i._n e._n of_o all_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v in_o refectorio_fw-la westmonasteriensi_fw-la axilium_fw-la sieri_fw-la pecuniare_fw-la cui_fw-la fuit_fw-la responsum_fw-la quâ—d_fw-la super_fw-la â—oc_fw-la tractarent_fw-la â—recedentesque_fw-la magnates_fw-la de_fw-fr râ—fectorio_n convenerunt_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la â—â—_o episcopi_fw-la abbates_n &_o priores_fw-la seorsim_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la superque_fw-la hoc_fw-la diligenter_fw-la tractaturi_fw-la â—andâ—m_fw-la requisiti_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la eorum_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n si_fw-la vellent_fw-la illis_fw-la unanimiter_fw-la conâ—entire_fw-la in_o responsione_n &_o previsione_n super_fw-la hiâ—_n facienda_fw-la qui_fw-la responderunt_fw-la scâ—licet_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n quod_fw-la sine_fw-la communi_fw-la universitate_fw-la nihil_fw-la facerent_fw-la ture_fw-fr de_fw-fr communi_fw-la dissâ—nsu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parie_fw-la cleri_fw-la electus_n cant._n etc._n etc._n now_o i_o think_v here_o be_v as_o manifest_v a_o distinction_n as_o need_v to_o be_v between_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o 208._o as_o member_n
will_v not_o affirm_v but_o lest_o i_o tire_v you_o as_o well_o as_o myself_o in_o dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o thing_n so_o plain_a and_o obvious_a be_v not_o they_o by_o too_o much_o industry_n render_v obscure_a i_o come_v at_o last_o to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o your_o discourse_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o repetition_n of_o what_o you_o have_v say_v at_o first_o that_o because_o all_o the_o kingdom_n can_v not_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n and_o that_o villain_n and_o servant_n etc._n etc._n never_o pay_v to_o this_o tax_n that_o therefore_o the_o word_n omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v literal_o a_o doughty_a discovery_n and_o therefore_o you_o have_v find_v a_o expedient_a to_o help_v this_o contradiction_n by_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o thy_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o the_o laity_n and_o by_o the_o procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la for_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n who_o interpretation_n be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n i_o dare_v leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a judge_n for_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o once_o again_o i_o can_v see_v any_o manner_n of_o reason_n either_o from_o authority_n or_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v be_v the_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-fr regno_fw-la in_o a_o legal_a sense_n and_o as_o such_o do_v represent_v all_o the_o freeman_n of_o estate_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n therefore_o if_o you_o can_v prove_v this_o it_o may_v go_v far_o to_o convince_v i_o otherwise_o not_o m._n since_o you_o will_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o those_o authority_n i_o have_v already_o produce_v to_o prove_v it_o 121._o pray_v let_v i_o discourse_v with_o you_o a_o little_a more_o particular_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o tenor_n by_o knight_n service_n i_o therefore_o suppose_v that_o the_o dr._n have_v very_o well_o prove_v by_o several_a record_n as_o also_o the_o two_o writ_n of_o 19_o hen._n iii_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o somerset_n and_o sussex_n that_o the_o king_n ancient_o by_o his_o prerogative_n and_o his_o original_a power_n and_o right_n reserve_v upon_o knight_n fee_n do_v tax_n the_o military_a tenant_n of_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o other_o ordinary_a free_a tenant_n and_o by_o his_o writ_n cause_v they_o to_o pay_v both_o scutage_n tax_n and_o scutage_n service_n and_o other_o reasonable_a aid_n as_o often_o as_o necessity_n require_v f._n i_o grant_v indeed_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o have_v be_v sometime_o as_o you_o say_v since_o there_o be_v no_o aver_n against_o express_a record_n but_o i_o say_v likewise_o that_o as_o for_o those_o writ_n the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o concern_v the_o king_n order_v the_o sheriff_n to_o distrain_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o scutage_n service_n as_o to_o marry_v their_o daughter_n or_o for_o the_o find_n of_o man_n in_o any_o warlike_a expedition_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o those_o mesne_n tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v by_o the_o tenor_n of_o their_o estate_n if_o they_o have_v fail_v to_o serve_v their_o lord_n in_o person_n or_o by_o sufficient_a deputy_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n may_v legal_o grant_v they_o scutage_n upon_o such_o tenant_n and_o perhaps_o may_v also_o change_v their_o service_n in_o person_n into_o a_o pecuniary_a aid_n as_o appear_v by_o some_o of_o those_o writ_n the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o and_o this_o not_o by_o his_o prerogative_n but_o by_o law_n so_o likewise_o though_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v tax_n themselves_o in_o their_o distinct_a council_n or_o else_o in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o what_o rate_n they_o please_v for_o the_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o though_o the_o king_n may_v sometime_o undertake_v by_o this_o pretence_n to_o i_o evy_v a_o scutage_n of_o two_o mark_n on_o their_o under-tenant_n also_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o appear_v by_o either_o of_o those_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v that_o they_o give_v for_o more_o than_o themselves_o alone_o the_o word_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v only_o that_o they_o have_v give_v the_o king_n esseâ—ax_n auxilium_fw-la of_o two_o mark_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n as_o well_o ward_n as_o other_o who_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la without_o any_o mention_n of_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n so_o that_o if_o the_o sheriff_n be_v afterward_o order_v to_o distrain_v these_o mesne_n tenant_n also_o for_o two_o mark_n for_o each_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v of_o their_o lord_n this_o be_v strain_v a_o point_n of_o prerogative_n and_o be_v express_o against_o law_n for_o at_o this_o rate_n the_o king_n may_v by_o the_o lâ—ke_a prerogative_n have_v tax_v all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o all_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o their_o consent_n as_o well_o as_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n though_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n william_n i._n and_o king_n john_n which_o you_o yourself_o cite_v at_o our_o former_a meeting_n so_o that_o grant_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o have_v be_v practise_v sometime_o as_o your_o record_n make_v out_o this_o be_v no_o proof_n that_o this_o be_v a_o constant_a law_n or_o settle_a custom_n much_o less_o that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o right_a so_o to_o do_v m._n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v 180._o but_o that_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o that_o what_o this_o king_n then_o do_v in_o charge_v these_o mesne_fw-la tenant_n be_v according_a to_o his_o ancient_a prerogative_n and_o what_o himself_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v frequent_o do_v both_o before_o and_o after_o the_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n of_o nullum_fw-la scutâ—gium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ponam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la meo_fw-la &_o â—_o be_v grant_v nay_o after_o it_o be_v grant_v hen._n 3._o and_o edw._n 1._o tax_v their_o demeasn_n through_o england_n 19_o though_o not_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o their_o privy_a council_n until_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v in_o 34_o eâ—w_n 1._o and_o both_o rich._n 1._o and_o k._n john_n have_v tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n without_o common_a assent_n before_o the_o grant_v of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la as_o also_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o rich._n 1._o as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o hoveden_n 442._o who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n the_o passage_n be_v long_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o give_v you_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o this_o king_n anno_fw-la 1198_o regno_fw-la 9_o accepit_fw-la de_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la carucata_n terrae_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la v._o solidos_fw-la de_fw-la auxilio_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o then_o go_v on_o to_o show_v we_o the_o manner_n how_o it_o be_v raise_v and_o collect_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o he_o use_v these_o word_n auxilium_fw-la and_o tallagium_fw-la for_o the_o same_o tax_n so_o we_o find_v in_o mat._n paris_n that_o king_n john_n take_v a_o seven_o part_n of_o all_o movable_n without_o common_a assent_n 1203.1207_o and_o another_o time_n a_o thirty_o the_o great_a man_n and_o clergy_n grumble_a at_o it_o k._n hen._n 3._o also_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a in_o the_o 33_o d_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 1._o as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o year_n whereby_o he_o also_o command_v the_o sheriff_n of_o buâ—ks_n that_o he_o make_v philip_n basseâ—_n a_o ratiâ—nabilâ—_n tallagium_fw-la de_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenentilus_fw-la in_o mannerio_n de_fw-fr wycumb_n quod_fw-la aliquando_fw-la suis_fw-la dominicum_fw-la praedecâ—ssorum_fw-la râ—gis_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o 39_o the_o year_n this_o king_n as_o the_o doctor_n show_v we_o at_o large_a by_o a_o recoâ—d_n in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n he_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o city_n of_o london_n at_o 3000_o mark_n 178._o which_o though_o with_o some_o contest_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n they_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o pay_v because_o it_o be_v find_v upon_o record_n that_o this_o king_n and_o his_o father_n have_v several_a time_n palliate_v or_o tax_v the_o saiâ—_n city_n in_o like_a manner_n at_o the_o sum_n therein_o mention_v so_o that_o at_o last_o the_o mayor_n and_o citizen_n be_v fain_o to_o acknowledge_v themselves_o thâ—s_o talliable_a by_o the_o king_n so_o in_o the_o 52._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o tax_v all_o his_o demeasn_a land_n beyond_o trenâ—_n by_o his_o escheator_n parl._n and_o this_o right_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n in_o the_o 33_o d_o year_n of_o edw._n i._n as_o appâ—aâ—s_n by_o their_o petition_n to_o he_o in_o parliament_n in_o these_o word_n all_o pâ—tiâ—ionem_fw-la arcâ—iepiscoporum_fw-la episporum_fw-la
praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la proborum_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la pâ—tentium_fw-la quod_fw-la rex_fw-la concedere_fw-la veli_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la pâ—ssunt_fw-la taâ—â—iâ—re_fw-la antiqua_fw-la dominica_fw-la unde_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o tenantia_fw-la â—icut_fw-la râ—x_fw-la dominica_n sua_fw-la taliavit_fw-la itâ—_n responsum_o est_fw-fr fiat_fw-la ut_fw-la petitur_fw-la from_o all_o which_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ancient_o a_o prerogative_n of_o lay_v tax_n not_o only_o upon_o their_o own_o tenant_n and_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n who_o hold_v under_o they_o but_o upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n too_o and_o it_o their_o successor_n have_v act_v otherwise_o it_o have_v proceed_v from_o their_o meet_a grace_n and_o favour_n who_o have_v tie_v up_o their_o own_o hand_n from_o exercise_v this_o prerogative_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v muster_v up_o a_o great_a many_o authority_n but_o for_o what_o end_n i_o know_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o some_o former_a king_n stretch_v their_o prerogative_n to_o act_v direct_o against_o law_n and_o their_o own_o charter_n to_o the_o contrary_a and_o to_o justify_v they_o in_o it_o when_o they_o have_v doâ—e_n as_o if_o all_o thing_n be_v do_v according_a to_o their_o lawful_a prerogative_n because_o they_o do_v it_o if_o this_o be_v law_n or_o reason_n either_o much_o good_a may_v do_v you_o with_o it_o for_o at_o this_o rate_n the_o king_n notwithstanding_o all_o law_n make_v and_o swear_v by_o he_o to_o the_o contrary_n may_v take_v what_o he_o please_v out_o of_o our_o estate_n without_o our_o consent_n because_o his_o predecessor_n break_v the_o law_n and_o their_o coronation_n oath_n into_o the_o bargain_n but_o you_o may_v have_v remember_v that_o a_o de_fw-fr fâ—cto_fw-la ad_fw-la jus_o non_fw-la datur_fw-la consequentia_fw-la but_o i_o doubt_v the_o precedent_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v will_v not_o come_v up_o to_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o assertion_n you_o have_v lay_v down_o for_o it_o be_v plain_a as_o well_o from_o king_n john_n charter_n as_o by_o that_o passage_n in_o bracton_n i_o but_o now_o cite_v whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o extraordinary_a tax_n such_o as_o hidage_n corage_n and_o carvage_a &_o alia_fw-la under_o which_o i_o suppose_v be_v include_v your_o scutage-tax_n also_o can_v not_o be_v impose_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o the_o king_n meet_v his_o people_n in_o parliament_n if_o then_o this_o be_v law_n whatever_o k._n john_n oâ—_n henry_n the_o three_o or_o any_o other_o king_n act_v contrary_a to_o this_o rule_n be_v illegal_a and_o produce_v among_o other_o mischief_n the_o general_a revolt_n of_o all_o the_o baronage_n i._n e._n as_o well_o the_o inferior_a as_o superior_a nobility_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n till_o such_o time_n as_o our_o king_n find_v they_o can_v do_v no_o good_a by_o force_n be_v fain_o at_o last_o to_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o legal_a prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o by_o new_a law_n and_o fresh_a declaration_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n to_o declare_v it_o unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o impose_v any_o tax_n upon_o their_o subject_n without_o their_o consent_n in_o parliament_n but_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o by_o thus_o set_v up_o the_o king_n illegal_a prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o their_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la you_o quit_v the_o question_n for_o i_o ask_v you_o by_o what_o right_a the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o you_o suppose_v can_v grant_v by_o this_o great_a charter_n a_o fifteen_o of_o the_o movable_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o of_o those_o who_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o military_a service_n as_o of_o those_o that_o do_v nay_o of_o those_o who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o at_o all_o and_o you_o then_o fly_v present_o to_o i_o know_v not_o what_o unknown_a royal_a prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o pleasure_n which_o be_v either_o according_a to_o law_n or_o it_o be_v not_o if_o the_o former_a i_o have_v already_o prove_v he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o by_o law_n at_o all_o but_o if_o against_o law_n there_o be_v the_o like_a reason_n why_o he_o shall_v have_v have_v the_o like_a prerogative_n over_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la too_o even_o over_o the_o very_a bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a lord_n and_o then_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v whether_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v not_o be_v long_o since_o destroy_v and_o give_v up_o but_o to_o examine_v your_o authority_n it_o be_v true_a hoveden_n say_v of_o richard_n the_o first_o that_o accepit_fw-la de_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la hida_n terrae_fw-la v._o solidos_fw-la yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o he_o take_v this_o tax_n without_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n it_o be_v the_o ordinary_a phrase_n of_o writer_n in_o those_o time_n to_o say_v rex_fw-la accepit_fw-la i._n e._n receive_v such_o a_o tax_n when_o indeed_o he_o take_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v give_v he_o by_o his_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o though_o we_o find_v this_o tax_n not_o mention_v in_o any_o other_o writer_n but_o only_o hoveden_n and_o so_o can_v give_v you_o a_o express_a proof_n that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v in_o a_o great_a council_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a nay_o certain_a it_o be_v for_o the_o word_n accepit_fw-la do_v not_o in_o its_o own_o nature_n import_v any_o violent_a or_o illegal_a exaction_n and_o therefore_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o be_v great_a reason_n to_o suppose_v that_o this_o aid_n be_v grant_v by_o consent_n since_o this_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o relation_n of_o this_o affair_n that_o this_o money_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o two_o lawful_a knight_n of_o each_o hundred_o and_o that_o they_o do_v answer_v this_o money_n to_o the_o exchequer_n coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la assignatis_fw-la who_o will_v never_o have_v undertake_v it_o have_v not_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o this_o king_n can_v not_o tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o his_o pleasure_n may_v appear_v by_o a_o relation_n out_o of_o this_o very_a author_n in_o the_o very_a same_o year_n b._n but_o a_o little_a before_o viz._n that_o when_o the_o king_n demand_v by_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n that_o homines_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o man_n of_o england_n shall_v find_v he_o 300_o milites_fw-la i._n e._n knight_n to_o stay_v one_o whole_a year_n in_o his_o service_n or_o else_o will_v give_v he_o so_o much_o money_n as_o that_o he_o may_v therewith_o maintain_v those_o 300_o knight_n in_o constant_a pay_n viz._n to_o every_o knight_n three_o shilling_n of_o english_a money_n wage_n a_o day_n and_o that_o to_o grant_v this_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v willing_a as_o not_o dare_v to_o resist_v the_o king_n will_n only_a hugh_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n as_o a_o true_a servant_n of_o god_n abstain_v from_o all_o evil_n answer_v that_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n agree_v to_o the_o king_n desire_n because_o it_o will_v redound_v to_o the_o detriment_n of_o his_o church_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o it_o seem_v the_o business_n fall_v and_o come_v to_o nothing_o now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o request_n must_v have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o at_o least_o in_o that_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o he_o can_v not_o charge_v his_o subject_n with_o the_o keep_n but_o of_o 300_o horseman_n for_o one_o year_n without_o their_o assent_n can_v any_o body_n believe_v that_o he_o shall_v present_o after_o extort_v a_o much_o great_a sum_n viz._n five_o shilling_n out_o of_o every_o plow-land_n in_o england_n but_o as_o for_o all_o your_o precedant_n for_o king_n john_n reign_n he_o be_v such_o a_o notorious_a tyrant_n and_o breaker_n of_o his_o coronation_n oath_n and_o common_a faith_n both_o to_o god_n and_o man_n that_o i_o hope_v that_o neither_o yourself_o nor_o any_o good_a english_a man_n will_v have_v fetch_v precedent_n for_o prerogative_n from_o so_o prosâ—igate_v a_o reign_n as_o he_o and_o in_o which_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v more_o than_o once_o illegal_a exaction_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o yet_o be_v brand_v by_o those_o very_a historian_n that_o relate_v they_o for_o great_a oppression_n and_o unjust_a exaction_n oxford_n as_o particular_o in_o this_o first_o instance_n of_o out_o of_o mat._n paris_n of_o k._n john_n take_v away_o by_o force_n the_o seven_o of_o the_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o be_v by_o this_o author_n call_v by_o no_o better_a than_o rapinam_fw-la rapine_n or_o robbery_n the_o same_o i_o may_v say_v
to_o the_o like_a exaction_n of_o his_o son_n hâ—n_o the_o three_o which_o be_v brand_v by_o all_o writer_n as_o horrible_a and_o illegal_a oppression_n nay_o be_v own_a to_o be_v so_o by_o this_o king_n frequent_a confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o breach_n of_o they_o and_o promise_v to_o observe_v they_o better_o for_o the_o future_a but_o i_o be_o sorry_a to_o find_v your_o doctor_n who_o you_o follow_v both_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o mr._n a._n as_o also_o in_o his_o complete_a history_n still_o to_o cite_v the_o most_o violent_a and_o illegal_a action_n nay_o the_o very_a perjury_n for_o â—lowers_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o royal_a prerogative_n but_o as_o for_o the_o authority_n you_o urge_v for_o this_o king_n talliate_v his_o demesne_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n you_o yourself_o grant_v that_o this_o talliage_n be_v not_o general_a upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o can_v only_o concern_v his_o own_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a and_o none_o else_o who_o be_v always_o exempt_v from_o be_v tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n because_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o yield_v the_o king_n a_o reasonable_a talliage_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la whensoever_o he_o need_v it_o yet_o this_o be_v count_v rather_o a_o privilege_n than_o otherwise_o since_o they_o be_v not_o only_o free_a from_o all_o other_o burden_n and_o parliamentary_a attendance_n but_o be_v also_o tax_v much_o less_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o tilling_n the_o king_n land_n but_o when_o this_o reasonable_a prerogative_n grow_v to_o be_v abuse_v and_o the_o exaction_n levy_v upon_o they_o become_v intolerable_a than_o they_o will_v no_o long_o suffer_v it_o but_o get_v it_o take_v away_o by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la after_o which_o we_o find_v the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n frequent_o give_v their_o share_n of_o aide_n and_o subsidy_n in_o parliament_n by_o delegate_n of_o their_o own_o as_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 35_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v till_o at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o be_v resolve_v into_o the_o common_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o aâ—_n for_o the_o city_n of_o london_n it_o be_v never_o take_v for_o part_n of_o the_o king_n demean_n and_o so_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o doom_n day_n book_n but_o as_o appear_v by_o record_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o can_v be_v no_o otherwise_o tax_v then_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o make_v the_o londoner_n deny_v to_o be_v otherwise_o talliate_v as_o appear_v by_o this_o record_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v but_o the_o truth_n be_v they_o have_v this_o exaction_n first_o lay_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o exorbitant_a reign_n 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they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o aver_v that_o when_o this_o great_a charter_n be_v make_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v tax_n and_o make_v law_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n and_o the_o whole_a nation_n also_o nor_o be_v this_o at_o all_o unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o thus_o hold_v estate_n by_o mesne_n tenure_n under_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v they_o 171._o since_o we_o see_v in_o scotland_n that_o at_o this_o day_n none_o sit_v there_o either_o as_o commissioner_n of_o shire_n or_o burgess_n for_o the_o royal_a burough_n but_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n for_o ancient_o before_o the_o law_n for_o excuse_v the_o small_a baron_n and_o free_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o send_v commissioner_n of_o shire_n in_o their_o stead_n be_v introduce_v by_o a_o statuâ—e_n make_v in_o the_o seven_o parliament_n of_o k._n jam._n 1._o a._n dom._n 1420_o it_o consist_v all_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la viz._n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la râ—ge_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a word_n in_o the_o latin_a title_n to_o divers_a of_o those_o statute_n as_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o slenes_n collection_n of_o scotch_a law_n now_o if_o this_o law_n do_v ancient_o and_o do_v still_o prevail_v in_o scotland_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v the_o sole_a representative_n of_o that_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o it_o may_v not_o have_v be_v so_o ancient_o in_o englâ—nd_n also_o especial_o since_o i_o can_v give_v you_o so_o good_a reason_n to_o back_o this_o opinion_n m._n i_o will_v answer_v your_o argument_n from_o scotland_n by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o why_o i_o think_v it_o can_v never_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n in_o england_n and_o that_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n and_o 2_o lie_v because_o it_o be_v against_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n be_v apparent_a since_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o if_o a_o man_n in_o those_o time_n purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n of_o a_o lord_n or_o any_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o certain_o thousand_o do_v to_o be_v hold_v either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o in_o socage_n that_o such_o a_o tenant_n shall_v lie_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o his_o lord_n to_o dispose_v of_o his_o estate_n in_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n for_o he_o at_o his_o pleasure_n however_o exorbitant_a those_o tax_n be_v or_o inconvenient_a those_o law_n may_v prove_v the_o lord_n be_v no_o representative_a of_o his_o own_o choice_n or_o appointment_n in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n i_o can_v prove_v by_o two_o very_a sufficient_a authority_n the_o one_o of_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n the_o other_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o both_o this_o earl_n and_o bishop_n helâ—_n their_o county_n palatine_n in_o capite_fw-la immediate_o of_o the_o king_n nor_o have_v those_o county_n any_o representatives_n in_o parliament_n till_o long_o after_o that_o they_o have_v knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n grant_v they_o by_o particular_a statute_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n now_o according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o county-palatines_a shall_v have_v be_v bind_v by_o all_o act_n
whole_a nation_n in_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_o of_o this_o opinion_n because_o in_o many_o of_o the_o old_a statute_n before_o the_o time_n of_o robert_n the_o 2_o d._n we_o find_v the_o communitas_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la come_v immediate_o after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o in_o our_o own_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n but_o after_o those_o reign_v we_o find_v no_o more_o mention_n of_o this_o communitas_fw-la but_o only_o of_o the_o duke_n earls_z baron_n liberi_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la &_o burgensibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la as_o in_o the_o title_n to_o those_o statute_n of_o k._n robert_n the_o 3_o d_o and_o james_n the_o 5_o the_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v and_o yet_o that_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la be_v not_o ancient_o take_v for_o a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o pray_v see_v the_o 14_o the_o chap._n of_o the_o law_n of_o k._n alexander_n the_o 2_o d._n make_v anno_fw-la dom._n 1214._o with_o your_o doctor_n comment_n upon_o they_o statutum_n est_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la episcopi_fw-la nec_fw-la abbates_n nec_fw-la comites_fw-la nec_fw-la aliqui_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la tenebunt_fw-la curias_fw-la svas_fw-la nisi_fw-la vicecome_fw-la regis_fw-la 98._o vel_fw-la servientes_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la fuerant_fw-la upon_o which_o word_n the_o doctor_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n have_v this_o remark_n viz._n this_o again_o show_v we_o that_o the_o freeholder_n be_v lord_n of_o manor_n at_o least_o so_o that_o unless_o you_o will_v suppose_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v lord_n of_o manor_n or_o hold_v court_n as_o certain_o very_o many_o of_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n do_v this_o word_n libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la must_v extend_v to_o any_o other_o great_a freeholder_n or_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n of_o whatsoever_o lord_n he_o hold_v it_o and_o as_o such_o may_v ancient_o have_v have_v a_o vote_n in_o that_o parliament_n so_o that_o if_o i_o have_v as_o i_o think_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la come_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n do_v certain_o signify_v another_o order_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ay_o i_o have_v the_o same_o reason_n to_o believe_v it_o be_v so_o in_o scotland_n too_o not_o only_o because_o these_o general_a word_n communitas_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la must_v needs_o be_v more_o comprehensive_a than_o to_o express_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o who_o can_v never_o represent_v all_o the_o great_a freeholder_n in_o scotland_n any_o more_o than_o they_o do_v in_o england_n but_o also_o because_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o scotch_a lawyer_n that_o the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o constitution_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o kingdom_n for_o sir_n john_n skene_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o k._n james_n before_o his_o scottish_a law_n say_v thus_o intelligo_fw-la tuas_fw-la tuorumque_fw-la majorum_fw-la leges_fw-la cum_fw-la legibus_fw-la regni_fw-la tui_fw-la angliae_fw-la magna_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la consentiunt_fw-la which_o be_v also_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o the_o speech_n he_o make_v in_o parliament_n concern_v the_o union_n of_o both_o kingdom_n to_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o admire_v your_o doctor_n strange_a partiality_n who_o do_v allow_v the_o commons_o of_o scotland_n to_o have_v even_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n when_o he_o express_o grant_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o scotland_n be_v and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o the_o king_n royal_a burrough_n be_v such_o as_o ever_o do_v and_o do_v at_o this_o day_n in_o scotland_n only_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n now_o why_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n shall_v not_o have_v always_o have_v the_o like_a privilege_n as_o well_o as_o in_o scotland_n i_o wish_v you_o can_v give_v i_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n m._n since_o you_o own_o that_o the_o tenant_n capite_fw-la or_o else_o commissioner_n in_o their_o stead_n have_v be_v the_o sole_a representative_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n for_o above_o 200_o year_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o be_v so_o long_o before_o that_o time_n since_o you_o confess_v you_o can_v show_v any_o law_n by_o which_o this_o ancient_a custom_n come_v to_o be_v change_v though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o statute_n before_o k._n david_n and_o robert_n the_o 2_o d_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o communitas_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o you_o must_v not_o suppose_v that_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n alter_v when_o the_o clerk_n alter_v their_o phrase_n in_o pen_v their_o statute_n and_o record_n so_o that_o this_o communitas_fw-la be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o not_o of_o the_o freeholder_n or_o of_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o as_o for_o the_o former_a you_o can_v say_v that_o all_o the_o people_n in_o scotland_n have_v ever_o a_o right_a to_o choose_v the_o commissioner_n for_o the_o shire_n for_o then_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a they_o will_v have_v keep_v to_o this_o day_n whereas_o we_o see_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o coplie_n have_v vote_n at_o such_o election_n and_o as_o for_o city_n and_o burrough_n i_o can_v find_v nor_o do_v i_o believe_v you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o instance_n of_o a_o city_n or_o burrough-town_n in_o scotland_n that_o ever_o send_v deputy_n to_o parliament_n but_o what_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n for_o though_o there_o be_v at_z i_o say_v already_o beside_o the_o royal_a burgh_n two_o other_o sort_n viz._n burrough_n of_o regality_n and_o burrough_n of_o barony_n who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n but_o not_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o some_o bishop_n or_o temporal_a lord_n and_o though_o divers_a of_o these_o be_v considerable_a for_o trade_n and_o riches_n yet_o none_o of_o they_o send_v any_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n so_o that_o though_o i_o confess_v there_o be_v three_o estate_n in_o the_o scotch_a parliament_n call_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o k._n david_n and_o robert_n the_o 2_o d_o the_o treâ—_n communitates_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o do_v these_o always_o consist_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o who_o therefore_o sit_v together_o and_o make_v but_o one_o assembly_n now_o that_o we_o may_v apply_v what_o have_v be_v say_v to_o england_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o doctor_n and_o we_o that_o be_v of_o his_o opinion_n do_v not_o positive_o affirm_v that_o that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v not_o at_o all_o represent_v before_o 49_o hen._n 4._o but_o that_o they_o be_v not_o represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n of_o their_o own_o choice_n but_o by_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o i_o grant_v be_v not_o lord_n and_o admit_v that_o i_o shall_v grant_v you_o that_o some_o city_n and_o burrough_n send_v member_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o yet_o be_v they_o only_o such_o as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o as_o the_o doctor_n have_v very_o well_o observe_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p_n argument_n from_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o town_n of_o st._n alban_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n there_o will_v be_v no_o more_o gain_v by_o you_o in_o this_o controversy_n than_o that_o perhaps_o some_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n and_o constitute_v a_o three_o sort_n of_o man_n which_o you_o may_v call_v the_o commons_o if_o you_o please_v though_o i_o can_v find_v they_o be_v so_o call_v till_o after_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o but_o suppose_v this_o to_o be_v so_o it_o be_v very_o far_o from_o your_o republican_n level_v opinion_n who_o do_v suppose_v that_o all_o the_o freeholder_n of_o england_n have_v a_o ancient_a indisputable_a right_n of_o appear_v in_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o propriety_n in_o land_n or_o other_o estate_n whereas_o by_o our_o hypothesis_n we_o suppose_v the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n to_o have_v ancient_o be_v the_o king_n courtbaron_n consist_v of_o his_o immediate_a tenant_n call_v thither_o by_o he_o their_o supreme_a lord_n to_o advertise_v he_o of_o the_o grievance_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o to_o propose_v what_o new_a law_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonweal_n and_o together_o with_o he_o to_o raise_v such_o public_a tax_n both_o upon_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o state_n require_v yet_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a difference_n between_o your_o notion_n and_o i_o concern_v the_o right_n which_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v claim_v of_o come_v to_o parliament_n since_o before_o king_n john_n charter_n whereby_o
i_o grant_v all_o the_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v to_o be_v summonld_v by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o come_v to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n may_v have_v only_o call_v some_o of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a of_o they_o and_o such_o as_o he_o think_v most_o fit_a to_o advise_v he_o in_o make_v law_n and_o impose_v tax_n upon_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o like_a prerogative_n his_o son_n henry_n the_o three_o resume_v during_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a old_a statute_n by_o and_o by_o p._n and_o that_o our_o king_n do_v often_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o call_v who_o they_o please_v and_o omit_v who_o they_o please_v of_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v appear_v by_o those_o who_o be_v call_v pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la or_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la who_o be_v put_v after_o the_o baron_n and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v many_o instance_n of_o their_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n and_o again_o omit_v in_o several_a king_n reign_v after_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n as_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o now_o have_v say_v since_o i_o do_v not_o find_v your_o reason_n to_o come_v up_o to_o what_o you_o intend_v therein_o for_o you_o only_o suppose_v but_o without_o any_o proof_n that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la must_v signify_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o ancient_a scotish_n charter_n and_o statute_n all_o the_o argument_n you_o bring_v to_o the_o contrary_n be_v that_o i_o can_v show_v you_o any_o law_n by_o which_o it_o be_v alter_v to_o what_o it_o be_v now_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v always_o the_o same_o as_o at_o this_o day_n now_o pray_v consider_v whether_o this_o will_v not_o press_v altogether_o as_o hard_o upon_o you_o in_o relation_n to_o england_n for_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o law_n whereby_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v exclude_v here_o and_o knight_n of_o shire_n introduce_v in_o their_o flead_v and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n let_v the_o scottish_a parliament_n have_v be_v of_o what_o they_o will_v yet_o we_o have_v be_v still_o the_o same_o they_o be_v now_o but_o if_o you_o say_v that_o this_o contrary_a usage_n have_v be_v introduce_v either_o by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n or_o by_o the_o silent_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o some_o law_n that_o be_v now_o lose_v be_v not_o all_o the_o same_o argument_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o scotish_n parliament_n which_o i_o may_v upon_o as_o good_a ground_n suppose_v to_o have_v deviate_v from_o their_o original_a constitution_n as_o you_o do_v that_o our_o english_a parliament_n have_v do_v it_o so_o that_o if_o those_o argument_n be_v of_o any_o weight_n they_o will_v serve_v for_o england_n as_o well_o as_o scotland_n but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o at_o all_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v as_o to_o burrough_n in_o scotland_n since_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o suppose_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o scotland_n may_v voluntary_o desist_v from_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o parliament_n that_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o it_o be_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o england_n do_v petition_n to_o be_v exempt_v from_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o inability_n to_o pay_v the_o expense_n of_o their_o burgess_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o by_o divers_a precedent_n some_o of_o which_o be_v in_o print_n have_v i_o now_o time_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o discourse_n i_o can_v imagine_v to_o what_o it_o tend_v for_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o or_o right_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n how_o come_v they_o to_o have_v it_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a freehold_a estate_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o if_o so_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o those_o that_o have_v as_o good_a or_o better_a freehold_a estate_n than_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o exclude_v or_o why_o a_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o but_o one_o knight_n fee_fw-mi hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o a_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o get_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n or_o vavasour_n as_o he_o be_v then_o call_v who_o hold_v ten_o knight_n fee_n of_o some_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n who_o perhaps_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o shall_v have_v no_o right_n of_o appear_v there_o nor_o of_o choose_v any_o representative_a for_o he_o since_o notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v now_o say_v the_o doctor_n either_o contradict_v himself_o 68_o or_o you_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n represent_v only_o themselves_o and_o not_o the_o commons_o but_o how_o this_o will_v agree_v with_o what_o he_o say_v in_o his_o introduction_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o have_v no_o share_n in_o make_v law_n etc._n etc._n before_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o unless_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o thd_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o so_o must_v then_o certain_o represent_v those_o that_o he_o here_o call_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n collective_o take_v but_o as_o for_o your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o king_n court_n baron_n though_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o of_o a_o learned_a scotch_a lawyer_n sir_n george_n meâ—â—ensy_n yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o it_o be_v never_o true_a for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n both_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o tennre_n of_o land_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o then_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o manor_n in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o the_o doctor_n tell_v we_o be_v of_o no_o high_a a_o original_n than_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o admit_v i_o shall_v allow_v your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v ancient_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n then_o certain_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v a_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o and_o to_o be_v not_o only_a suitor_n but_o judge_n of_o all_o difference_n arise_v among_o the_o tenant_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n where_o neither_o the_o lord_n himself_o nor_o his_o steward_n be_v judge_n and_o that_o of_o right_n and_o not_o by_o savour_n whereas_o you_o suppose_v such_o a_o courtbaron_n as_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o where_o the_o lord_n can_v admit_v or_o exclude_v who_o of_o his_o tenant_n he_o please_v to_o which_o if_o they_o have_v a_o right_a ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la certain_o he_o can_v never_o do_v so_o that_o instead_o of_o a_o courtbaron_n and_o a_o common_a council_n according_a to_o 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of_o summons_n to_o a_o council_n direct_v to_o the_o baron_n and_o knight_n and_o as_o he_o translate_v eidelibus_fw-la feudatory_n or_o vassal_n of_o all_o england_n wherein_o he_o let_v they_o know_v 40._o that_o he_o have_v send_v his_o letter_n to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o if_o it_o may_v have_v be_v do_v now_o what_o reason_n have_v he_o to_o write_v thus_o if_o these_o gentleman_n have_v no_o right_a to_o be_v consult_v or_o that_o the_o king_n may_v have_v call_v or_o leave_v out_o who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v but_o the_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o another_o mind_n when_o in_o the_o 37th_o of_o king_n hen._n iii_o as_o mar._n paris_n tell_v we_o they_o refuse_v to_o act_n or_o proceed_v upon_o any_o thing_n
without_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o peer_n divers_a of_o who_o it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v for_o some_o reason_n then_o omit_v to_o summon_v but_o as_o for_o your_o instance_n of_o the_o baron_n peer_n or_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la which_o be_v sometime_o summon_v and_o sametimes_o omit_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o our_o three_o edwards_n you_o do_v well_o to_o put_v in_o that_o it_o be_v after_o the_o time_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n for_o indeed_o it_o be_v only_o after_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v leave_v off_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n by_o themselves_o which_o i_o suppose_v be_v about_o the_o end_n of_o henry_n iii_o reign_n and_o then_o it_o be_v true_a the_o king_n call_v several_a of_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o also_o other_o that_o be_v not_o so_o by_o writ_n to_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n as_o pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la i._n e._n not_o as_o real_a baron_n but_o barons-peer_n since_o a_o baâ—e_a summons_n by_o writ_n do_v not_o as_o yet_o nor_o long_v after_o vest_n a_o peerage_n in_o their_o heir_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n from_o any_o thing_n you_o have_v urge_v from_o the_o example_n of_o scotland_n to_o make_v i_o change_v my_o opinion_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v ancient_o the_o sole_a representative_n either_o of_o this_o or_o that_o whole_a nation_n in_o parliament_n for_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o i_o do_v not_o find_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o much_o as_o mention_v in_o the_o ancient_a statute_n of_o that_o kingdom_n or_o charter_n of_o their_o king_n as_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o scotland_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n iii_o which_o be_v but_o late_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o council_n in_o that_o kingdom_n m._n i_o can_v say_v more_o as_o to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la their_o come_n to_o parliament_n as_o the_o sole_a reprensentative_n of_o the_o nation_n before_o the_o time_n you_o mention_v but_o it_o grow_v late_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v wave_v it_o at_o present_a and_o so_o shall_v only_o proceed_v to_o remark_n that_o great_a part_n of_o the_o error_n of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n proceed_v from_o this_o false_a ground_n that_o you_o suppose_v that_o the_o parliament_n both_o of_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v a_o perfect_a representative_a body_n of_o all_o the_o freehoulders_a and_o freeman_n of_o those_o kingdom_n which_o be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o we_o will_v consider_v it_o never_o be_v nor_o indeed_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n since_o you_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o all_o copy-holders_n and_o lease-holders_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n all_o freeman_n in_o town_n corporate_a where_o the_o election_n lie_v whole_o in_o the_o major_n and_o alderman_n or_o common_a council_n and_o last_o all_o that_o will_v not_o pay_v scot_n and_o lot_n in_o divers_a burrough_n town_n be_v utter_o exclude_v from_o give_v their_o vote_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o parliament_n man_n and_o consequent_o from_o have_v any_o representatives_n in_o parliament_n though_o sure_a as_o much_o freeman_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o either_o by_o general_a statute_n or_o else_o by_o the_o particular_a charter_n and_o custom_n of_o those_o city_n town_n and_o burrough_n all_o which_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o good_a and_o lawful_a representative_n of_o those_o city_n and_o burrough_n so_o that_o i_o be_o clear_o of_o the_o doctor_n be_v opinion_n 68_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o well_o those_o who_o be_v baron_n as_o those_o that_o be_v not_o only_o represent_v themselves_o and_o not_o the_o commons_o as_o be_v as_o you_o true_o observe_v never_o choose_v by_o the_o people_n and_o as_o no_o man_n can_v believe_v that_o a_o great_a lord_n or_o bishop_n can_v represent_v his_o mesne_n tenant_n so_o neither_o can_v the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n be_v proper_o say_v to_o represent_v they_o and_o yet_o these_o might_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o feudal_n tenor_n and_o the_o power_n they_o then_o have_v over_o their_o tenant_n estate_n very_o well_o make_v law_n for_o they_o and_o tax_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n because_o the_o main_a interest_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n lay_v almost_o whole_o in_o they_o and_o these_o as_o the_o doctor_n very_o well_o observe_v have_v the_o power_n of_o this_o or_o any_o other_o nation_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la always_o do_v make_v law_n for_o and_o tax_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n but_o to_o say_v somewhat_o to_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v bring_v from_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o durham_n i_o know_v not_o what_o old_a privilege_n they_o may_v pretend_v to_o of_o not_o be_v force_v to_o give_v voluntary_a aid_n or_o subsidy_n of_o 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show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o first_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o your_o reply_n to_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v be_v very_o fallacious_a and_o in_o some_o point_n mistake_v as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o our_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v in_o their_o first_o institution_n the_o main_a body_n or_o representative_a of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o though_o it_o may_v by_o long_a continuance_n of_o time_n to_o deviate_v from_o that_o institution_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v either_o to_o some_o prevail_a custom_n or_o else_o positive_a law_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n all_o the_o free_a holder_n of_o england_n have_v a_o right_a of_o come_v to_o parliament_n in_o person_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o ingenuus_n be_v synonimous_a and_o of_o the_o same_o 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county_n or_o shire_n m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v
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the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n i_o have_v now_o instance_a in_o but_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o other_o kingdom_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n in_o which_o there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v many_o more_o instance_n of_o the_o deposition_n of_o their_o king_n thaâ—_n what_o be_v in_o the_o west_n saxon_a kingdom_n &_o this_o waâ—_n then_o very_o just_a and_o necessary_a since_o these_o kingdom_n be_v all_o elective_a and_o none_o of_o they_o hereditary_a and_o that_o the_o general_a meeting_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v always_o at_o set_n and_o constant_a time_n and_o do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n either_o to_o call_v or_o dissolve_v they_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o that_o this_o power_n be_v no_o unusual_a thing_n i_o appeal_v to_o all_o the_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o europe_n found_v after_o the_o same_o model_n as_o we_o and_o which_o i_o mention_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v so_o that_o nothing_o 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upon_o the_o king_n will_n i_o must_v allow_v that_o the_o case_n be_v quite_o alter_v and_o that_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n have_v now_o no_o power_n to_o depose_v the_o king_n for_o any_o tyranny_n or_o misgovernment_n whatsoever_o the_o first_o parliament_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o in_o the_o act_n for_o attaint_v the_o regicide_n have_v actual_o disclaim_v all_o coercive_a power_n over_o the_o king_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n may_v still_o have_v a_o good_a and_o sufficient_a right_o leave_v they_o of_o defend_v their_o life_n religion_n and_o liberty_n against_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o in_o case_n of_o a_o general_a and_o universal_a breach_n and_o invasion_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o original_a contract_n if_o you_o will_v call_v it_o so_o and_o not_o to_o lay_v down_o those_o defensive_a arm_n till_o their_o say_a just_a right_n and_o liberty_n be_v again_o restore_v and_o sufficient_o secure_v to_o they_o so_o that_o though_o i_o will_v not_o bring_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n as_o a_o precedent_n for_o the_o parliament_n depose_v of_o the_o king_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o may_v make_v use_n of_o it_o thus_o far_o that_o this_o nation_n have_v ever_o exercise_v this_o necessary_a right_n of_o defend_v their_o liberty_n and_o property_n when_o invade_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o minister_n either_o by_o colour_n of_o law_n or_o open_a force_n and_o that_o this_o have_v be_v the_o constant_a practice_n from_o almost_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n down_o to_o late_a age_n i_o think_v i_o can_v make_v out_o from_o sufficient_a authority_n both_o from_o history_n and_o record_n m._n though_o your_o doctrine_n be_v not_o so_o bad_a as_o i_o expect_v yet_o it_o be_v still_o bad_a enough_o and_o i_o never_o know_v this_o right_n of_o resistance_n carry_v home_o but_o that_o it_o always_o end_v in_o depose_v and_o murder_v of_o the_o king_n at_o the_o last_o as_o we_o have_v see_v in_o our_o own_o time_n but_o let_v the_o constant_a practice_n have_v be_v as_o it_o will_v i_o be_o sure_a such_o resistance_n have_v be_v always_o condemn_v by_o our_o ancient_n common_a law_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a statute_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v far_o to_o you_o by_o and_o by_o and_o therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o never_o so_o constant_a practice_n of_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n can_v no_o more_o justify_v the_o do_n of_o it_o than_o that_o constant_a usage_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n for_o thief_n to_o rob_v between_o london_n and_o st._n alban_n not_o that_o i_o fore-judge_n you_o or_o refuse_v to_o hear_v any_o instance_n and_o authority_n from_o history_n or_o record_n to_o make_v good_a your_o assertion_n f._n i_o thank_v you_o for_o your_o patience_n what_o therefore_o if_o i_o prove_v that_o such_o resistance_n have_v be_v not_o only_o actual_o exercise_v by_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n in_o former_a age_n but_o that_o it_o have_v be_v also_o allow_v by_o our_o king_n and_o approve_v of_o by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o those_o time_n for_o lawful_a and_o the_o actor_n in_o it_o whole_o indemnify_v and_o save_v harmless_a nay_o a_o power_n give_v they_o and_o that_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o to_o resist_v he_o and_o defend_v themselves_o in_o case_n he_o break_v his_o charter_n and_o agreement_n make_v to_o and_o with_o his_o nobility_n and_o people_n or_o else_o with_o some_o foreign_a prince_n may_v appear_v from_o this_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o king_n henry_n two_o at_o the_o end_n of_o who_o reign_n hoveden_n in_o his_o annal_n poster_n give_v we_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o peace_n make_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o this_o king_n between_o he_o and_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n where_o among_o other_o article_n you_o will_v find_v this_o for_o one_o particular_o relate_v to_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n who_o be_v also_o to_o swear_v to_o the_o peace_n in_o these_o term_n et_fw-la omnes_fw-la barones_n angliae_fw-la jurabunt_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la noluerit_fw-la have_v conditiones_n tenere_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la tenebunt_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la francia_fw-la &_o comite_fw-la richardo_n &_o choose_fw-la adjâ—vabunt_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la contra_fw-la regeâ—_n angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n whence_o we_o may_v without_o doubt_n conclude_v that_o the_o resistance_n of_o subject_n in_o some_o case_n against_o their_o king_n be_v then_o allow_v of_o even_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o think_v not_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o allegiance_n they_o bear_v he_o though_o it_o may_v suspend_v it_o for_o a_o time_n m._n i_o confess_v this_o instance_n will_v be_v of_o some_o weight_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o critical_a time_n when_o this_o peace_n be_v make_v viz._n when_o richard_n earl_n of_o 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n have_v rebel_v against_o his_o father_n and_o take_v part_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o have_v draw_v over_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o norman_a and_o pictavian_n and_o english_a baron_n to_o his_o party_n which_o when_o king_n henry_n perceive_v this_o very_a author_n you_o have_v quote_v here_o tell_v you_o quod_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o arcto_fw-la positus_fw-la pacem_fw-la fecit_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la philippo_n that_o be_v be_v constrain_v to_o make_v peace_n with_o he_o so_o that_o king_n henry_n be_v in_o this_o straight_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o earl_n richard_n with_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o party_n force_a king_n henry_n to_o sign_n what_o condition_n they_o please_v for_o there_o it_o no_o such_o clause_n so_o much_o as_o mention_v for_o the_o french_a baron_n but_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o it_o be_v but_o a_o temporary_a relaxation_n of_o allegiance_n from_o king_n henry_n to_o his_o baron_n and_o the_o king_n may_v sure_o thus_o release_v they_o if_o he_o please_v but_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o can_v not_o have_v act_v thus_o without_o this_o condition_n have_v be_v express_o infer_v f._n well_o suppose_v king_n henry_n to_o have_v be_v never_o so_o much_o constrain_v to_o the_o make_n of_o these_o condition_n and_o that_o it_o be_v his_o own_o act_n that_o render_v it_o lawful_a it_o still_o prove_v as_o much_o as_o i_o urge_v it_o for_o viz._n that_o neither_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o england_n then_o think_v this_o resistance_n absolute_o unlawful_a for_o then_o the_o king_n be_v own_o act_n can_v never_o have_v dispense_v with_o it_o but_o to_o show_v you_o far_o that_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n have_v ever_o maintain_v this_o right_n of_o resistance_n even_o with_o the_o allowance_n of_o our_o king_n themselves_o and_o for_o the_o do_v
disobey_v of_o the_o parliament_n out_o of_o his_o hand_n much_o less_o will_v i_o justify_v the_o murder_n of_o this_o king_n or_o of_o any_o other_o abovementioned_a as_o be_v no_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o that_o resistance_n i_o only_o allow_v for_o lawful_a viz._n that_o of_o the_o whole_a or_o major_a part_n of_o the_o nation_n nor_o be_v edw._n the_o second_o or_o richard_n the_o second_o put_v to_o death_n by_o any_o act_n or_o order_n of_o parliament_n but_o be_v murder_v in_o prison_n and_o the_o murderer_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o be_v afterward_o attaint_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o execute_v as_o they_o deserve_v but_o as_o for_o the_o murder_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v into_o this_o account_n it_o be_v not_o do_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n but_o by_o a_o factious_a rump_n or_o fag-end_a of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o who_o fate_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o army_n after_o far_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o member_n who_o be_v for_o the_o king_n be_v shut_v out_o of_o door_n and_o the_o lord_n vote_v useless_a and_o dangerous_a m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v make_v as_o good_a a_o apology_n for_o these_o action_n as_o the_o matter_n will_v bear_v but_o that_o neither_o of_o the_o two_o house_n can_v at_o this_o day_n have_v any_o coercive_a power_n over_o the_o king_n or_o to_o call_v he_o to_o a_o account_n for_o any_o thing_n he_o have_v do_v appear_v by_o the_o express_a declaration_n of_o both_o house_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 12_o of_o charles_n the_o second_o as_o also_o in_o those_o but_o now_o cite_v in_o which_o they_o utter_o disclaim_v all_o make_v war_n whether_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a against_o his_o majesty_n much_o less_o can_v he_o be_v subject_a to_o any_o other_o coercive_a or_o vindictive_a power_n or_o ought_v any_o way_n to_o be_v resist_v by_o private_a person_n therefore_o suppose_v i_o shall_v grant_v as_o i_o do_v not_o that_o the_o parliament_n have_v former_o a_o power_n of_o depose_v of_o their_o king_n or_o that_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n have_v former_o a_o right_a of_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n in_o case_n of_o notorious_a tyranny_n and_o misgovernment_n yet_o be_v all_o such_o resistance_n express_o renounce_v and_o declare_v unlawful_a by_o the_o oath_n and_o declaration_n now_o cite_v so_o that_o though_o in_o the_o dark_a time_n of_o popery_n such_o resistance_n may_v be_v count_v lawful_a not_o only_o by_o laity_n but_o also_o by_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n who_o ought_v to_o have_v teach_v the_o people_n better_a doctrine_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o have_v be_v much_o better_a for_o the_o nation_n to_o have_v endure_v the_o worst_a that_o can_v have_v happen_v from_o the_o tyranny_n of_o king_n than_o to_o have_v transgress_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o the_o constant_a doctrine_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n by_o resistance_n and_o rebellion_n against_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o nation_n f._n i_o shall_v not_o now_o maintain_v that_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n have_v any_o authority_n at_o this_o day_n to_o depose_v the_o king_n or_o maintain_v a_o war_n against_o he_o upon_o any_o account_n yet_o that_o they_o have_v still_o a_o power_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o king_n action_n whether_o consonant_n to_o law_n or_o not_o and_o whether_o he_o have_v not_o break_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v no_o where_o give_v up_o as_o i_o know_v of_o but_o that_o resistance_n in_o some_o case_n be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o gospel_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n before_o these_o statute_n you_o do_v partly_o grant_v but_o since_o the_o main_a strength_n of_o your_o cause_n lie_v in_o this_o oath_n appoint_v by_o these_o act_n of_o parliament_n therefore_o if_o i_o can_v give_v a_o satisfactory_a account_n of_o the_o true_a meaning_n and_o sense_n of_o these_o act_n to_o be_v otherwise_o than_o you_o suppose_v i_o hope_v you_o will_v grant_v that_o resistance_n may_v still_o be_v lawful_o make_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n in_o the_o case_n i_o have_v now_o put_v against_o any_o person_n who_o under_o colour_n and_o pretence_n of_o the_o king_n commission_n shall_v violent_o assault_v their_o person_n in_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n as_o it_o be_v by_o law_n establish_v or_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o invadeâ—_n their_o just_a liberty_n and_o property_n which_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o england_n have_v confer_v upon_o every_o freeborn_a subject_n of_o it_o and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o clear_a proof_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o this_o method_n i_o shall_v first_o explain_v the_o term_n of_o this_o declaration_n and_o then_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o show_v you_o that_o in_o a_o legal_a sense_n all_o defensive_a arm_n or_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n person_n in_o some_o case_n or_o of_o those_o commissioned_n by_o he_o be_v not_o forbid_v nor_o intend_v to_o be_v forbid_v by_o these_o statute_n and_o declaration_n first_o then_o by_o take_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n be_v certain_o mean_v no_o more_o than_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o which_o declare_v make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n to_o be_v treason_n and_o this_o be_v unlawful_a upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o second_o the_o clause_n by_o his_o authority_n against_o his_o person_n be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o king_n be_v legal_a authority_n and_o by_o his_o person_n be_v mean_v his_o natural_a and_o politic_a person_n when_o act_v together_o for_o the_o same_o end_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o so_o that_o both_o these_o statute_n be_v but_o declaratory_a of_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n of_o england_n against_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o do_v not_o introduce_v any_o new_a law_n concern_v this_o matter_n so_o that_o whatever_o be_v treason_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o be_v treason_n by_o these_o statute_n and_o no_o more_o viz._n all_o take_n up_o arm_n or_o actual_a make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n in_o order_n to_o kill_v depose_v or_o imprison_v he_o etc._n etc._n as_o sir_n edward_n coke_n show_v we_o in_o his_o three_o institut_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o this_o statute_n yet_o notwithstanding_o after_o this_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n do_v suppose_v it_o still_o lawful_a to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o those_o illegal_o commissioned_n by_o the_o king_n in_o case_n of_o notorious_a misgovernment_n and_o breach_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o general_a resistance_n make_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o evil_a government_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o ireland_n and_o those_o concern_v with_o he_o in_o the_o 11_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v be_v allow_v for_o lawful_a by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o consequent_o by_o the_o king_n be_v own_o consent_n without_o which_o it_o can_v never_o have_v be_v so_o declare_v the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o that_o resistance_n which_o be_v make_v in_o king_n henry_n the_o sixth_n reign_n by_o richard_n duke_n of_o york_n 627._o and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o his_o party_n agha_v the_o evil_a government_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o somerset_n who_o govern_v all_o affair_n in_o a_o arbitrary_a and_o yet_o unsuccessful_a manner_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o easiness_n and_o weakness_n of_o king_n henry_n but_o though_o this_o resistance_n be_v also_o approve_v of_o in_o the_o next_o 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king_n ought_v to_o yield_v the_o like_a dominion_n and_o power_n to_o the_o law_n as_o the_o law_n have_v give_v he_o before_o or_o else_o how_o can_v bracton_n call_v the_o law_n in_o the_o place_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v the_o king_n superior_a and_o if_o the_o king_n title_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v not_o by_o law_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o the_o steward_n for_o example_n have_v a_o better_a tittle_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n than_o the_o bayliols_n but_o only_o that_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n that_o be_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n of_o that_o kingdom_n make_v they_o so_o for_o otherwise_o any_o man_n that_o look_v upon_o the_o pedigree_n of_o both_o those_o family_n will_v see_v that_o bayliol_n according_a to_o our_o rule_n of_o descent_n be_v the_o near_a of_o blood_n to_o the_o last_o king_n david_n than_o bruce_n and_o be_v so_o ajudge_v upon_o a_o solemn_a hear_n by_o our_o king_n edward_n 1._o ih_o parliament_n and_o as_o for_o william_n 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that_o they_o never_o can_v have_v such_o a_o power_n in_o england_n from_o the_o constitution_n of_o this_o monarchy_n i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o your_o own_o instance_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n who_o owe_v all_o his_o right_n to_o this_o kingdom_n to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n and_o not_o to_o any_o hereditary_a right_n much_o less_o election_n or_o confirmation_n of_o the_o people_n as_o i_o think_v doctor_n brady_n have_v prove_v beyond_o dispute_n in_o his_o learned_a answer_n to_o argumentum_fw-la antinor_fw-la manleum_fw-la so_o that_o since_o we_o owe_v all_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n we_o enjoy_v to_o the_o gracious_a concession_n of_o our_o king_n of_o this_o norman_a race_n we_o ought_v not_o in_o reason_n or_o gratitude_n to_o resist_v they_o if_o they_o shall_v sometime_o encroach_v upon_o what_o we_o take_v to_o be_v part_n of_o those_o liberty_n so_o grant_v no_o not_o if_o the_o king_n who_o derive_v a_o indefeasible_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n from_o the_o title_n of_o the_o first_o conqueror_n shall_v go_v about_o to_o take_v away_o all_o those_o liberty_n nay_o our_o very_a religion_n and_o property_n too_o from_o we_o but_o i_o have_v not_o time_n to_o pursue_v this_o argument_n further_o now_o and_o therefore_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o another_o opportunity_n f._n as_o for_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v concern_v william_n the_o first_o be_v have_v no_o right_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o this_o kingdom_n but_o what_o he_o owe_v to_o his_o sword_n be_v false_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n it_o be_v more_o than_o that_o prince_n himself_o ever_o assert_v or_o pretend_v to_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o for_o your_o dr_n prove_v he_o a_o absolute_a conqueror_n over_o the_o english_a nation_n suppose_v he_o have_v do_v it_o which_o yet_o i_o positive_o deny_v yet_o will_v not_o this_o serve_v to_o do_v the_o business_n for_o which_o the_o doctor_n urge_v it_o viz._n to_o set_v up_o a_o arbitrary_a irresistible_a power_n in_o that_o king_n and_o all_o his_o successor_n but_o may_v be_v urge_v against_o he_o to_o a_o quite_o contrary_a purpose_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o at_o large_a whenever_o you_o please_v to_o discourse_v far_o upon_o that_o subject_a and_o as_o for_o all_o those_o thing_n we_o call_v legal_a our_o right_n and_o privilege_n which_o you_o say_v be_v whole_o grant_v we_o by_o the_o charter_n of_o his_o successor_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o to_o be_v false_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n at_o our_o five_o meeting_n where_o i_o show_v you_o that_o the_o english_a nation_n have_v the_o same_o liberty_n as_o to_o their_o person_n and_o property_n in_o their_o estate_n before_o your_o pretend_a conquest_n as_o they_o enjoy_v afterward_o and_o that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v but_o the_o recital_n and_o confirmation_n of_o our_o ancient_a english_a law_n as_o mat._n paris_n affirm_v in_o the_o place_n i_o here_o former_o cite_v but_o admit_v these_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n you_o mention_n have_v be_v owe_v to_o the_o favour_n and_o bounty_n of_o former_a king_n yet_o can_v i_o see_v no_o rebellion_n or_o ingratitude_n the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v guilty_a of_o if_o they_o keep_v and_o defend_v they_o now_o they_o have_v they_o but_o will_v rather_o betray_v a_o servile_a base_a spirit_n if_o we_o part_v with_o they_o for_o since_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o law_n concern_v all_o grant_n as_o well_o from_o the_o crown_n as_o private_a person_n that_o they_o ought_v so_o to_o enure_v ut_fw-la res_fw-la magis_fw-la valeat_fw-la quem_fw-la pereat_fw-la i._n e._n that_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o grant_n be_v be_v make_v may_v not_o lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o it_o when_o ever_o the_o grantor_n please_v therefore_o it_o be_v also_o a_o rule_n in_o such_o grant_n that_o they_o be_v still_o to_o be_v interpret_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o grantee_n against_o the_o grantor_n and_o also_o that_o the_o grantee_n 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require_v of_o he_o either_o of_o which_o sense_n this_o word_n will_v well_o bear_v but_o if_o he_o absolute_o refuse_v to_o do_v this_o but_o will_v take_v away_o their_o right_n and_o liberty_n by_o force_n and_o will_v deny_v they_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o law_n what_o other_o remedy_n be_v there_o leave_v they_o but_o a_o general_a resistance_n since_o otherwise_o the_o king_n may_v alter_v the_o government_n and_o take_v away_o all_o our_o legal_a right_n and_o liberty_n whenever_o he_o please_v m._n i_o confess_v this_o dispute_n concern_v the_o resistance_n of_o those_o commission_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n be_v the_o sole_a legislator_n and_o original_a of_o all_o the_o civil_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n we_o now_o enjoy_v have_v carry_v we_o from_o the_o main_a point_n in_o this_o
still_o in_o god_n hand_n even_o when_o we_o fall_v under_o the_o power_n of_o thief_n and_o robber_n but_o be_v our_o safety_n then_o so_o great_a as_o when_o we_o be_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n or_o may_v we_o not_o get_v from_o they_o by_o force_n if_o we_o be_v able_a 107._o especial_o if_o what_o bracton_n tell_v we_o be_v true_a in_o these_o word_n in_o his_o three_o book_n exercere_fw-la igitur_fw-la debet_fw-la rex_fw-la potestatem_fw-la juris_fw-la sicut_fw-la dei_fw-la minister_n &_o vicarius_fw-la in_o terrà _fw-la quia_fw-la illa_fw-la potestas_fw-la solius_fw-la dei_fw-la est_fw-la potestas_fw-la autem_fw-la injuriae_fw-la diaboli_fw-la non_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o cujus_fw-la horum_fw-la operum_fw-la facit_fw-la râ—â—_n ejus_fw-la minister_n erit_fw-la cujus_fw-la borum_fw-la operum_fw-la facit_fw-la igitur_fw-la dum_fw-la tacit_n justitias_fw-la vicarius_fw-la est_fw-la regis_fw-la aeterni_fw-la minister_n autem_fw-la diaboli_fw-la cum_fw-la declinet_fw-la ad_fw-la injuriam_fw-la now_o pray_v tell_v i_o if_o the_o king_n can_v thus_o cease_v to_o be_v god_n lieutenant_n and_o become_v the_o devil_n officer_n whether_o he_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v under_o the_o power_n ordain_v by_o god_n or_o that_o we_o can_v be_v very_o safe_a in_o such_o hand_n i_o can_v very_o well_o see_v as_o for_o unnecessary_a war_n undertake_v without_o any_o such_o cause_n for_o mere_a pretence_n of_o liberty_n and_o the_o public_a good_a and_o which_o may_v have_v sometime_o cause_v many_o more_o mischief_n and_o inconvenience_n than_o those_o they_o pretend_v to_o cure_v mere_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o no_o war_n though_o against_o insupportable_a tyranny_n and_o for_o self-defence_n have_v never_o be_v nor_o may_v be_v undertake_v by_o any_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o the_o state_n they_o be_v in_o after_o such_o a_o war_n be_v always_o much_o worse_a than_o it_o be_v before_o which_o be_v notorious_o false_a as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o so_o many_o instance_n i_o have_v give_v you_o from_o our_o own_o history_n as_o i_o can_v also_o show_v you_o from_o other_o country_n such_o as_o the_o swisser_n and_o dutch_a who_o have_v by_o defend_v their_o liberty_n when_o unjust_o oppress_v bring_v themselves_o into_o a_o state_n of_o plenty_n liberty_n and_o safety_n and_o therefore_o notwithstanding_o your_o make_v so_o light_a of_o man_n just_a right_n liberty_n and_o property_n there_o be_v certain_o such_o thing_n that_o distinguish_v a_o free_a people_n from_o slave_n as_o any_o who_o will_v but_o travel_v into_o france_n turkey_n or_o any_o other_o arbitrary_a government_n may_v easy_o satisfy_v themselves_o and_o if_o these_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v real_o esteem_v as_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o the_o earthly_a happiness_n we_o enjoy_v then_o certain_o they_o may_v be_v defend_v and_o fight_v for_o and_o if_o in_o the_o purchase_n of_o they_o many_o man_n life_n happen_v to_o be_v lose_v this_o be_v no_o 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rational_a man_n but_o will_v allow_v that_o man_n may_v venture_v their_o life_n rather_o than_o suffer_v themselves_o and_o their_o posterity_n to_o fall_v into_o that_o miserable_a condition_n the_o like_a he_o may_v if_o they_o be_v only_o to_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o mere_a peasant_n in_o france_n or_o ordinary_a christian_n in_o turkey_n and_o if_o so_o i_o think_v i_o may_v then_o safe_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v better_a that_o half_o the_o people_n of_o any_o country_n shall_v be_v destroy_v by_o a_o civil_a war_n if_o their_o just_a right_n and_o liberty_n may_v be_v preserve_v to_o they_o and_o their_o child_n at_o the_o last_o than_o that_o slavery_n with_o all_o its_o consequence_n such_o as_o ignorance_n baseness_n of_o mind_n cowardice_n beggary_n etc._n etc._n shall_v ever_o be_v entail_v upon_o a_o nation_n for_o as_o for_o the_o loss_n of_o man_n it_o may_v be_v make_v up_o again_o in_o some_o generation_n but_o when_o man_n civil_a liberty_n and_o property_n be_v once_o lose_v they_o can_v without_o some_o rare_a and_o unexpected_a revolution_n be_v ever_o regain_v as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o subject_n of_o all_o sort_n in_o france_n turkey_n and_o muscovy_n etc._n etc._n at_o this_o day_n and_o therefore_o if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v the_o real_a liberty_n of_o a_o people_n such_o as_o we_o contend_v for_o be_v not_o that_o of_o schoolboy_n to_o be_v free_a from_o the_o lash_n of_o their_o master_n however_o that_o if_o such_o a_o discipline_n be_v to_o be_v exercise_v upon_o man_n all_o their_o lifetime_n i_o think_v no_o man_n but_o will_v say_v it_o be_v worth_a venture_v his_o life_n rather_o than_o to_o fall_v into_o so_o miserable_a a_o state_n so_o that_o what_o you_o cite_v from_o the_o poet_n lucan_n be_v only_o to_o be_v take_v as_o a_o poetical_a exclamation_n against_o the_o misery_n that_o civil_a war_n often_o bring_v upon_o a_o nation_n but_o to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v lucan_n opinion_n 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to_o take_v up_o arm_n till_o they_o be_v either_o like_a to_o be_v enslave_v or_o destroy_v by_o the_o tyranny_n of_o their_o prince_n or_o else_o so_o intolerable_o oppress_v by_o his_o soldier_n that_o they_o can_v scarce_o even_o in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n live_v in_o a_o much_o worse_a condition_n and_o if_o they_o be_v ever_o subdue_v and_o reduce_v to_o their_o former_a condition_n they_o can_v be_v worse_a than_o what_o they_o be_v under_o before_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v as_o to_o limit_a monarchy_n or_o commonwealth_n that_o degenerate_a into_o tyranny_n the_o people_n may_v perhaps_o better_v their_o condition_n by_o resistance_n and_o recover_v their_o liberty_n but_o can_v be_v in_o a_o worse_o if_o they_o be_v overcome_v for_o i_o do_v not_o allow_v such_o resistance_n lawful_a till_o the_o very_a fundamental_a constitution_n of_o their_o government_n whereby_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o a_o arbitrary_a despotic_a power_n be_v actual_o invade_v or_o take_v 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the_o king_n will_v that_o right_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n 625._o etc._n etc._n which_o not_o satisfy_v as_o too_o doubtful_a and_o general_a the_o king_n at_o last_o give_v this_o full_a and_o clear_a answer_n in_o legal_a â—orm_n soit_fw-fr droit_n fait_fw-fr commâ—_n il_fw-fr est_fw-fr desirè_fw-la the_o second_o point_n in_o relation_n to_o our_o civil_a property_n be_v this_o that_o no_o tax_n taillage_n or_o aid_n shall_v be_v lay_v or_o levy_v by_o the_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n knight_n burgess_n and_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o parliament_n this_o be_v first_o of_o all_o grant_v by_o the_o 56th_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v as_o also_o more_o particular_o forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la in_o the_o 34th_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o be_v but_o a_o revival_n 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common_a as_o well_o as_o statute_n law_n once_o every_o year_n and_o according_a to_o more_o modern_a statute_n once_o in_o three_o year_n at_o least_o or_o whenever_o there_o be_v a_o just_a and_o necessary_a occasion_n for_o it_o and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o old_a english_a saxon_n law_n which_o ordain_v that_o the_o great_a council_n or_o mycel_v synod_n shall_v be_v hold_v twice_o in_o the_o year_n as_o the_o ancient_a mirror_n of_o justice_n recite_v and_o the_o constant_a custom_n long_o after_o the_o conquest_n in_o which_o there_o never_o pass_v a_o year_n without_o a_o general_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o when_o this_o come_v by_o degree_n to_o be_v discontinue_v then_o be_v those_o statute_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o richard_n the_o second_o make_v whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o a_o parliament_n shall_v be_v hold_v every_o year_n and_o often_o if_o there_o be_v occasion_n 5th_o since_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o parliament_n be_v the_o very_a soul_n and_o essence_n of_o the_o government_n the_o election_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o sit_v and_o serve_v in_o parliament_n aught_o to_o be_v free_a and_o all_o the_o member_n of_o parliament_n who_o have_v place_n there_o either_o by_o patent_n or_o writ_n of_o summons_n as_o the_o lord_n or_o else_o by_o election_n or_o writ_n as_o the_o bishop_n ought_v to_o be_v present_a and_o there_o to_o have_v freedom_n of_o speech_n and_o vote_n without_o any_o guard_n to_o over-awe_n or_o terrify_v they_o and_o none_o to_o be_v force_v threaten_a bribe_v or_o tamper_v with_o to_o give_v their_o vote_n contrary_a to_o their_o conscience_n either_o by_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o minister_n this_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o stat._n of_o westm._n 1_o chap._n 5._o whereby_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o all_o election_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a which_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o this_o statute_n extend_v to_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o other_o election_n since_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o elect_v member_n to_o parliament_n when_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n 36._o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o parliament_n 1_o hen._n 4._o wherein_o it_o be_v allege_v as_o by_o the_o parliament_n as_o one_o of_o the_o article_n against_o richard_n the_o second_o in_o these_o word_n item_n licet_fw-la de_fw-la stato_fw-la &_o consuttudine_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la in_o convocatione_n enjuslibet_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la populus_fw-la suus_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la debeat_fw-la esse_fw-la libre_fw-la ad_fw-la eligendum_fw-la &_o deputandum_fw-la milites_fw-la pro_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la ad_fw-la inter_fw-la â—ssendum_fw-la parliamentis_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la exponendum_fw-la corum_fw-la gravamina_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la prosequendum_fw-la pro_fw-la remediis_fw-la superinde_v prout_fw-la videntur_fw-la expedire_fw-la tamen_fw-la praefatus_fw-la rex_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la suis_fw-la liberius_fw-la consequi_fw-la valeat_fw-la suae_fw-la temerariae_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la effectum_fw-la direxit_fw-la mandata_fw-la sua_fw-la frequentius_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la ut_fw-la certas_fw-la personas_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la nominatas_fw-la ut_fw-la milites_fw-la câ—mitatuum_fw-la venirâ—_fw-it saciant_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la sua_fw-la quos_fw-la quidem_fw-la milites_fw-la eidem_fw-la regi_fw-la faventes_fw-la inducâ—re_fw-la poterat_fw-la prout_fw-la frequentius_fw-la fecit_fw-la quandoque_fw-la pro_fw-la minas_fw-la varias_fw-la &_o terrores_fw-la &_o quandoque_fw-la per_fw-la munera_fw-la ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la illis_fw-la quâ—a_fw-la regno_fw-la praedicto_fw-la prâ—ejudicialia_fw-la fuerant_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la quam_fw-la plurimum_fw-la onerosa_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o you_o here_o may_v see_v that_o it_o be_v then_o judge_v by_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o be_v a_o brench_n of_o one_o of_o the_o fundamental_a liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o the_o king_n to_o make_v false_a return_n to_o be_v make_v of_o parliament-man_n as_o also_o to_o corrupt_v or_o over-awe_n their_o vote_n either_o by_o promise_n or_o threatening_n but_o to_o conclude_v that_o we_o have_v such_o thing_n as_o fundamental_a law_n and_o privilege_n i_o shall_v go_v no_o far_o than_o king_n james_n i._o his_o speech_n confirm_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n wherein_o it_o be_v recite_v that_o the_o king_n have_v vouchsafe_v to_o express_v many_o way_n how_o far_o it_o be_v and_o ever_o shall_v be_v from_o his_o royal_a and_o sincere_a care_n and_o affection_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n to_o alter_v or_o innovate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n privilege_n and_o good_a custom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n whereby_o not_o only_o his_o royal_a authority_n but_o the_o people_n security_n of_o land_n live_n and_o privilege_n both_o in_o general_a and_o particular_a be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v and_o by_o the_o abolish_n or_o alteration_n of_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o present_a confusion_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o whole_a state_n and_o â—rame_v of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o if_o this_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n and_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n be_v true_a sure_o we_o may_v just_o suppose_v that_o thing_n of_o such_o vast_a concernment_n deserve_v our_o contend_v for_o by_o all_o mean_v possible_a and_o lawful_a to_o preserve_v they_o for_o what_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o land_n upon_o occasion_n once_o say_v with_o one_o voice_n in_o full_a parliament_n every_o freeborn_a subject_n of_o england_n may_v as_o well_o say_v at_o this_o day_n nolumus_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutari_fw-la which_o be_v a_o maxim_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v 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and_o lord_n lieutenant_n and_o if_o they_o have_v refuse_v to_o answer_v positive_o to_o those_o question_n propose_v to_o they_o i_o know_v no_o other_o penalty_n they_o have_v be_v liable_a to_o more_o than_o be_v put_v out_o of_o commission_n which_o sure_o be_v no_o punishment_n but_o rather_o a_o ease_n and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o defend_v those_o evil_a minister_n that_o put_v the_o king_n upon_o this_o method_n of_o distrust_v and_o disoblige_v his_o best_a protestant_a subject_n i_o mean_v those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n by_o put_v they_o out_o and_o put_v in_o either_o papist_n or_o fanatic_n in_o their_o stead_n yet_o all_o that_o own_o themselves_o of_o that_o communion_n aught_o to_o have_v be_v of_o more_o loyal_a principle_n than_o to_o have_v take_v up_o arm_n as_o some_o of_o they_o have_v do_v upon_o pretence_n of_o stand_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n declaration_n against_o these_o abuse_n f._n i_o see_v though_o you_o can_v direct_o justify_v the_o examine_n of_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n and_o deputy_n lieutenant_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n about_o take_v away_o the_o penal_a law_n and_o test_n and_o turn_v those_o out_o of_o commission_n that_o refuse_v yet_o you_o strive_v to_o mitigate_v it_o as_o far_o as_o you_o can_v by_o make_v it_o part_v of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o put_v in_o and_o out_o what_o judge_n justices_z and_o other_o officer_n he_o please_v well_o grant_v this_o to_o be_v so_o yet_o sure_o you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o closit_n of_o judge_n and_o all_o other_o officer_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v and_o put_v those_o out_o of_o commission_n that_o refuse_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n will_v and_o that_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n be_v sure_o a_o strange_a abuse_n of_o that_o prerogative_n and_o the_o excuse_v you_o make_v that_o the_o person_n examine_v have_v a_o liberty_n to_o refuse_v whether_o they_o will_v give_v any_o positive_a answer_n or_o not_o be_v yet_o 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say_v that_o the_o king_n can_v be_v judge_v or_o depose_v by_o the_o parliament_n or_o people_n and_o that_o he_o have_v without_o any_o effect_n of_o we_o absolute_o abdicate_v the_o government_n and_o depose_v himself_o but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o speak_v out_o of_o any_o prejudice_n to_o this_o king_n person_n or_o government_n i_o desire_v we_o may_v first_o debate_v it_o in_o general_n whether_o a_o king_n of_o england_n can_v ever_o fall_v from_o or_o forfeit_v his_o royal_a dignity_n let_v he_o behave_v himself_o never_o so_o like_o a_o tyrant_n and_o when_o that_o be_v dispatch_v it_o will_v be_v then_o time_n to_o consider_v whether_o the_o king_n have_v so_o behave_v himself_o or_o not_o m._n i_o like_v your_o proposal_n well_o enough_o only_o let_v i_o desire_v you_o to_o come_v again_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v for_o since_o i_o hear_v there_o be_v like_a to_o be_v no_o term_n i_o intend_v to_o go_v visit_v some_o friend_n in_o the_o country_n till_o i_o 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of_o the_o people_n rather_o than_o in_o the_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o as_o to_o your_o assertion_n that_o the_o whole_a people_n be_v more_o fallible_a and_o consequent_o more_o dangerous_a judge_n in_o such_o a_o case_n than_o the_o great_a council_n i_o deny_v it_o since_o all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n must_v be_v so_o evident_a and_o notorious_a to_o the_o sense_n and_o feel_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n or_o denial_n of_o it_o by_o any_o reasonable_a and_o indifferent_a judge_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n be_v willing_a to_o live_v in_o peace_n without_o make_v any_o disturbance_n or_o alteration_n in_o the_o government_n if_o it_o may_v be_v avoid_v whereas_o in_o any_o great_a assembly_n or_o council_n there_o be_v many_o and_o those_o of_o the_o most_o eloquent_a and_o lead_a man_n who_o common_o carry_v the_o rest_n which_o way_n they_o please_v who_o be_v 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time_n 3._o a_o right_a of_o grant_v general_a aid_n or_o tax_n for_o the_o people_n and_o that_o without_o their_o consent_n no_o tax_n can_v be_v impose_v 4._o and_o as_o subsequent_a to_o all_o these_o a_o right_a of_o agree_v to_o all_o war_n and_o treaty_n of_o peace_n â—o_o be_v make_v with_o foreign_a nation_n but_o the_o first_o and_o last_o of_o these_o though_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o have_v be_v constant_o observe_v during_o the_o saxon_a government_n and_o long_o after_o yet_o since_o the_o people_n have_v part_v with_o their_o right_n to_o their_o king_n in_o these_o matter_n i_o shall_v not_o now_o insist_v upon_o they_o only_o that_o this_o people_n have_v still_o a_o right_n to_o parliament_n once_o in_o three_o year_n at_o least_o and_o often_o if_o necessity_n require_v these_o then_o be_v the_o original_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n must_v have_v either_o enter_v into_o a_o compact_n with_o the_o people_n for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o 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and_o mis_n government_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v be_v frequent_o do_v not_o only_o in_o england_n but_o in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a kingdom_n without_o any_o imputation_n of_o rebellion_n and_o i_o have_v also_o give_v you_o a_o quotation_n out_o of_o the_o ancient_a mirror_n of_o justice_n which_o tell_v we_o that_o upon_o the_o election_n of_o the_o first_o king_n of_o this_o whole_a island_n 8._o the_o prince_n that_o choose_v he_o then_o cause_v he_o to_o swear_v that_o he_o will_v maintain_v the_o holy_a christian_a faith_n with_o all_o his_o power_n shall_v rule_v his_o people_n just_o without_o regard_n to_o any_o person_n and_o shall_v be_v obedient_a to_o suffer_v right_o or_o justice_n as_o well_o as_o other_o his_o subject_n and_o now_o that_o upon_o a_o failure_n to_o perform_v these_o thing_n a_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o
his_o successor_n but_o if_o they_o will_v only_o insist_v upon_o their_o title_n by_o the_o sword_n without_o any_o precede_a or_o subsequent_a right_n they_o may_v be_v as_o lawful_o turn_v out_o again_o by_o the_o sword_n since_o it_o be_v own_a by_o all_o writer_n on_o this_o subject_a that_o a_o conqueror_n in_o a_o unjust_a war_n can_v obtain_v no_o right_n over_o a_o free_a people_n so_o much_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o point_n of_o right_n in_o law_n i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o a_o simple_a oath_n or_o pact_n between_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n and_o his_o subject_n to_o do_v or_o perform_v such_o or_o such_o a_o thing_n or_o to_o let_v they_o enjoy_v such_o and_o such_o privilege_n do_v not_o immediate_o give_v the_o people_n a_o power_n to_o compel_v such_o a_o monarch_n and_o his_o successor_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o the_o strict_a observance_n of_o they_o in_o case_n of_o a_o violation_n on_o his_o part_n but_o our_o 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that_o pretence_n that_o athelstan_n be_v a_o bastard_n so_o that_o you_o may_v
their_o good_a behaviour_n can_v be_v the_o probi_fw-la &_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la who_o serve_v upon_o jury_n to_o conclude_v if_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v as_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o that_o k._n william_n take_v away_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n and_o give_v they_o to_o norman_n and_o frenchman_n who_o be_v the_o only_a true_a freeman_n or_o freeholders_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o as_o such_o owe_v suit_n and_o service_n to_o the_o hundred_o and_o county_z court_n in_o which_o as_o you_o yourself_o set_v forth_o all_o the_o considerable_a action_n as_o well_o real_a as_o personal_n be_v then_o commence_v and_o try_v it_o will_v also_o follow_v that_o the_o suitor_n who_o be_v the_o judge_n in_o those_o court_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n at_o least_o frenchman_n all_o the_o trial_n and_o proceed_n therein_o must_v have_v be_v in_o french_a and_o not_o in_o english_a which_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o you_o have_v undertake_v to_o 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all_o the_o same_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o low_a sort_n of_o thane_n or_o freeholders_n who_o owe_v suit_n
he_o bring_v over_o with_o he_o have_v as_o you_o suppose_v the_o great_a share_n of_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n they_o will_v have_v be_v too_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n to_o be_v thus_o make_v slave_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o indeed_o his_o own_o law_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o in_o that_o very_a law_n it_o appear_v otherwise_o whereby_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a exaction_n and_o taillage_n 55._o and_o that_o nothing_o shall_v be_v exact_v of_o they_o but_o their_o free_a service_n which_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v according_a as_o it_o be_v appoint_v they_o by_o the_o k._n and_o it_o be_v grant_v they_o by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n for_o ever_o by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o they_o have_v their_o land_n and_o liberty_n grant_v they_o for_o a_o hereditary_a right_n not_o only_o by_o the_o k._n but_o 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parliament_n may_v not_o think_v fit_a or_o at_o least_o forget_v to_o repeal_v they_o and_o yet_o find_v that_o the_o kingdom_n receive_v no_o prejudice_n but_o rather_o benefit_n by_o such_o dispensation_n and_o not_o care_v to_o quarrel_v with_o their_o king_n for_o sometime_o use_v a_o prerogative_n by_o which_o they_o be_v rather_o benefit_v than_o grieve_v those_o dispensation_n have_v ever_o since_o pass_v without_o any_o complaint_n in_o parliament_n which_o will_v certain_o have_v be_v before_o this_o time_n have_v they_o sound_v the_o same_o grievance_n and_o reason_n to_o have_v still_o continue_v for_o the_o strict_a observance_n of_o those_o law_n as_o there_o be_v at_o first_o for_o the_o make_n of_o they_o though_o if_o they_o will_v have_v my_o private_a opinion_n
to_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o now_o your_o only_a argument_n to_o prove_v this_o be_v that_o king_n richard_n though_o his_o elder_a son_n alive_a be_v only_o call_v duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o never_o king_n of_o england_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n but_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n will_v find_v that_o he_o be_v indeed_o own_a for_o king_n of_o england_n before_o his_o pretend_a election_n or_o coronation_n for_o before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n to_o be_v crown_v rocer_n hoveden_n tell_v we_o 373._o that_o every_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o mother_n queen_n elinor_n swear_v quod_fw-la fideni_fw-la portabit_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la richardo_n regis_fw-la hen._n filio_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o be_v then_o by_o common_a intendment_n look_v upon_o as_o king_n before_o his_o coronation_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v that_o this_o very_a author_n also_o relate_v that_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v assemble_v at_o london_n by_o who_o council_n and_o assent_v the_o say_a duke_n be_v consecrate_a and_o crown_v king_n of_o england_n and_o though_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n then_o dean_n of_o st._n pawles_n who_o in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o that_o church_n then_o supply_v the_o office_n of_o the_o bishop_n at_o king_n richard_n coronation_n have_v this_o passage_n 647._o comes_fw-la itaque_fw-la pictavorum_n richardus_fw-la hereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la praemovendus_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la post_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la solemnem_fw-la &_o debitam_fw-la electionem_fw-la involutas_fw-la est_fw-la triplici_fw-la sacramento_n etc._n etc._n now_o what_o can_v this_o solemn_a and_o due_a election_n here_o signify_v or_o what_o can_v it_o mean_v far_o than_o that_o richard_n be_v king_n by_o hereditary_a right_n be_v so_o own_v and_o recognize_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n f._n i_o desire_v i_o may_v reply_v to_o this_o before_o you_o proceed_v far_o i_o confess_v what_o you_o say_v about_o the_o empress_n maud_n surrender_n of_o she_o right_o to_o her_o son_n duke_n henry_n will_v be_v considerable_a if_o you_o have_v any_o authority_n from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n to_o support_v it_o but_o since_o you_o have_v not_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o no_o better_a than_o a_o mere_a surmise_n of_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n that_o the_o crown_n be_v then_o enjoy_v by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n without_o any_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o the_o people_n and_o so_o likewise_o be_v your_o other_o fancy_n that_o because_o woman_n be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v therefore_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n suppose_v they_o have_v sufficient_o perform_v their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o she_o by_o acknowledge_v her_o son_n duke_n henry_n for_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n now_o if_o this_o have_v be_v so_o pray_v tell_v i_o to_o what_o purpose_n king_n henry_n i._o father_n to_o the_o empress_n shall_v have_v make_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o england_n swear_v fealty_n to_o his_o daughter_n if_o a_o woman_n have_v be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v or_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o clergy_n in_o the_o council_n at_o winchester_n choose_v this_o empress_n as_o the_o king_n daughter_n lady_n both_o of_o england_n and_o normandy_n 106._o as_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n tell_v we_o express_o that_o they_o do_v and_o that_o he_o be_v present_a at_o it_o or_o how_o can_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n believe_v that_o they_o have_v sufficient_o satisfy_v their_o oath_n to_o the_o daughter_n in_o confer_v the_o allegiance_n that_o be_v due_a to_o she_o upon_o her_o son_n i_o be_o sure_a no_o heiress_n of_o the_o crown_n will_v look_v upon_o that_o as_o a_o good_a performance_n of_o their_o oath_n at_o this_o day_n when_o you_o can_v answer_v i_o these_o query_n i_o shall_v be_v of_o your_o opinion_n in_o this_o point_n but_o till_o then_o i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n but_o as_o to_o what_o you_o say_v against_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o till_o king_n richard_n be_v elect_v and_o crown_v i_o desire_v no_o better_a authority_n to_o the_o contrary_a than_o those_o very_a author_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v for_o your_o opinion_n for_o first_o hoveden_n in_o the_o very_a place_n you_o have_v quote_v he_o say_z that_o the_o duke_n be_v to_o be_v crown_v king_n by_o the_o council_n and_o asâ—â—nt_n of_o all_o the_o party_n there_o present_a now_o if_o i_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o grammar_n or_o sense_n he_o be_v not_o king_n before_o and_o therefore_o need_v their_o assent_n to_o make_v he_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o next_o quotation_n from_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n the_o duke_n be_v say_v hereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la promovendus_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la which_o word_n be_v in_o the_o future_a tense_n show_v he_o be_v not_o then_o but_o be_v to_o be_v promote_v to_o that_o dignity_n now_o if_o his_o hereditary_a right_n alone_o can_v have_v do_v it_o then_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v all_o these_o word_n aforego_v so_o that_o though_o this_o right_n give_v he_o the_o fair_a pretence_n to_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o both_o the_o author_n you_o have_v quote_v that_o he_o be_v not_o so_o till_o after_o the_o due_a consent_n and_o election_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n so_o that_o after_o all_o your_o question_n what_o can_v this_o solemn_a and_o due_a election_n signify_v or_o what_o can_v it_o mean_v far_o than_o that_o richard_n be_v king_n by_o a_o hereditary_a right_o be_v so_o own_a and_o recognize_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n will_v receive_v a_o very_a easy_a answer_n from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v till_o you_o can_v show_v i_o out_o of_o any_o dictionary_n that_o consilium_fw-la and_o assensus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o hoveden_n and_o the_o word_n solemnis_fw-la &_o debita_fw-la electio_fw-la ever_o signify_v a_o own_n or_o recognition_n of_o a_o hereditary_a right_n i_o confess_v the_o only_a colour_n you_o have_v for_o your_o interpretation_n of_o those_o word_n in_o hoveden_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v of_o queen_n elianor_n make_v every_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n swear_v fealty_n to_o richard_n king_n of_o england_n as_o to_o their_o liege_n lord_n from_o whence_o you_o will_v infer_v that_o by_o common_a intendment_n of_o law_n he_o be_v look_v upon_o king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o consequent_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n now_o admit_v that_o he_o be_v common_o call_v king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v or_o that_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n will_v make_v the_o people_n swear_v to_o he_o as_o such_o yet_o that_o can_v not_o make_v he_o so_o since_o the_o same_o historian_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o william_n earl_n marshal_z make_v the_o people_n of_o england_n take_v a_o like_a oath_n to_o earl_n john_n as_o their_o lord_n not_o king_n immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n richard_n his_o brother_n and_o yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o their_o swear_a fealty_n to_o he_o as_o their_o superior_a lord_n make_v he_o king_n or_o give_v he_o a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o tell_v i_o which_o be_v hoveden_n opinion_n whether_o this_o swear_a fealty_n be_v a_o sufficient_a declaration_n of_o his_o â—eing_a king_n or_o else_o all_o those_o other_o expression_n which_o signify_v the_o contrary_a when_o immediate_o before_o his_o coronation_n he_o only_o call_v it_o ducem_fw-la richarâ—m_fw-la qui_fw-la coronandus_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la which_o i_o think_v be_v as_o plain_a a_o distinction_n of_o his_o be_v a_o duke_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o a_o king_n afterward_o as_o word_n can_v make_v m._n i_o see_v it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o urge_v this_o point_n any_o long_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o your_o next_o instance_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n richard_n until_o king_n john_n be_v place_v therein_o now_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o prince_n be_v a_o usurper_n upon_o his_o nephew_n duke_n arthur_n yet_o whether_o he_o be_v ever_o elect_v in_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v very_o doubtful_a but_o suppose_v he_o be_v it_o be_v do_v wrongful_o and_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o arthur_n duke_n of_o britain_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n who_o be_v young_a and_o a_o stranger_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o he_o be_v put_v by_o and_o his_o uncle_n who_o
be_v a_o man_n and_o better_o acquaint_v with_o england_n and_o have_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o most_o of_o the_o great_a man_n be_v of_o his_o party_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o hoveden_n who_o be_v alive_a at_o this_o time_n speak_v not_o a_o word_n of_o his_o be_v elect_v but_o only_o that_o upon_o his_o come_n into_o england_n he_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o crown_v by_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o word_n there_o of_o any_o election_n by_o but_o only_o a_o submission_n from_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a to_o king_n john_n and_o a_o recognition_n that_o he_o be_v their_o king_n nor_o indeed_o can_v he_o need_v it_o if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o king_n richard_n despared_a of_o life_n 449._o he_o devise_v to_o john_n his_o brother_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o all_o his_o other_o land_n and_o cause_v all_o those_o that_o be_v present_a to_o do_v he_o fealty_n and_o this_o be_v relate_v by_o hoveden_n in_o all_o probability_n a_o eye_n witness_v of_o these_o transaction_n so_o that_o the_o first_o author_n we_o find_v to_o mention_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o particular_n of_o this_o pretend_a election_n be_v mâ—tthew_n paris_n who_o have_v give_v we_o the_o speech_n which_o the_o archbishop_n make_v at_o this_o suppose_a election_n 197._o and_o also_o recite_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o all_o other_o who_o ought_v to_o be_v at_o his_o coronation_n the_o archbishop_n stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o say_v thus_o hear_v all_o of_o you_o your_o discretion_n shall_v know_v that_o no_o man_n have_v right_a to_o succeed_v in_o this_o kingdom_n unless_o after_o seek_v god_n he_o be_v unanimous_o choose_v by_o the_o university_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v those_o that_o be_v here_o say_v to_o meet_v at_o london_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o speech_n need_v no_o repeat_v only_o he_o lay_v it_o down_o for_o law_n which_o i_o think_v be_v never_o hear_v of_o before_o that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o progeny_n of_o the_o dead_a king_n do_v excel_v other_o they_o ought_v more_o ready_o to_o consent_v to_o the_o election_n of_o he_o and_o so_o upon_o this_o speech_n make_v in_o behalf_n of_o earl_n john_n and_o full_a of_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o fulsome_a slattery_n he_o be_v declare_v king_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v what_o a_o sort_n of_o man_n this_o arch_a bishop_n hubert_n be_v here_o see_v what_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o place_n that_o be_v ask_v afterward_o why_o he_o say_v these_o thing_n ibid._n answer_v that_o he_o gue_v and_o be_v think_v ascertain_v by_o certain_a prophecy_n that_o john_n will_v bring_v the_o kingdom_n and_o crown_n into_o great_a confusion_n and_o therefore_o lest_o he_o he_o may_v have_v too_o much_o liberty_n in_o do_v he_o affirm_v he_o ought_v to_o come_v in_o by_o election_n and_o not_o by_o hereditary_a succession_n now_o though_o this_o learned_a doctrine_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n assert_v a_o right_a of_o election_n in_o the_o convention_n of_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n etc._n etc._n yet_o by_o his_o own_o answer_n when_o he_o be_v ask_v why_o he_o say_v these_o thing_n it_o clear_o discover_v it_o to_o be_v only_o a_o design_n and_o artifice_v in_o the_o archbishop_n to_o cause_v they_o to_o set_v up_o and_o make_v john_n king_n and_o in_o which_o also_o he_o deny_v any_o such_o right_n of_o election_n but_o since_o hoveden_n nor_o any_o other_o of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n make_v mention_n of_o this_o election_n but_o only_o of_o his_o coronation_n and_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n assist_v at_o it_o not_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o it_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v that_o that_o story_n of_o a_o election_n and_o this_o speech_n of_o arch_a bishop_n hubert_n may_v be_v only_o a_o invention_n of_o matthew_n paris_n or_o rather_o of_o roger_n of_o wendover_n from_o who_o he_o take_v most_o of_o his_o history_n but_o that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o the_o archbishop_n concern_v the_o election_n of_o our_o king_n if_o mean_v according_a to_o the_o modern_a understanding_n of_o it_o be_v then_o new_a gervase_n a_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n 1122._o who_o also_o speak_v of_o the_o coronation_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o say_z it_o be_v manifest_a and_o know_v almost_o to_o all_o man_n that_o the_o king_n be_v of_o england_n be_v only_o oblige_v and_o bind_v to_o god_n for_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n for_o their_o coronation_n 30._o manifestum_fw-la est_fw-la autem_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la fire_n notum_fw-la reges_fw-la angliae_fw-la soli_fw-la deo_fw-la obligari_fw-la &_o teneri_fw-la ex_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regni_fw-la adeptione_n &_o ecclesiae_fw-la cantuariensi_fw-la ex_fw-la coronatione_fw-la but_o that_o king_n john_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o usurper_n be_v 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grant_v that_o hoveden_n as_o you_o cite_v he_o relate_v that_o homage_n to_o be_v make_v and_o fealty_n swear_v to_o richard_n the_o i._o by_o the_o title_n of_o king_n yet_o be_v it_o very_o much_o to_o be_v doubt_v whether_o this_o be_v not_o only_o by_o a_o prolepsis_n or_o perhaps_o a_o slip_n of_o the_o pen_n in_o this_o author_n since_o he_o write_v this_o history_n long_o aâ—ter_a king_n richard_n death_n and_o therefore_o without_o we_o have_v the_o very_a word_n of_o this_o oath_n there_o be_v no_o certain_a conclusion_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o thence_o and_o i_o think_v we_o may_v as_o well_o credit_v the_o chronicle_n of_o abbot_n brompton_n who_o likewise_o live_v about_o the_o same_o time_n and_o recite_v all_o this_o affair_n almost_o in_o the_o same_o word_n with_o those_o in_o hoveden_n but_o there_o the_o oath_n do_v not_o run_v exact_o in_o the_o same_o word_n as_o in_o this_o author_n but_o thus_o quod_fw-la unusquesque_fw-la liberorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la 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the_o power_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v that_o such_o a_o declaration_n must_v be_v void_a in_o itself_o since_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o law_n of_o succession_n ever_o settle_v by_o any_o general_a custom_n or_o common_a law_n since_o it_o have_v be_v near_o as_o often_o break_v as_o observe_v and_o as_o for_o any_o positive_a or_o statute-law_n enact_v any_o hereditary_a right_n of_o succession_n you_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v to_o show_v it_o so_o that_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o three_o proposition_n i_o lay_v down_o viz._n that_o ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o though_o the_o crown_n have_v be_v claim_v by_o right_a of_o blood_n yet_o have_v it_o not_o be_v very_o often_o enjoy_v by_o prince_n who_o have_v no_o just_a pretence_n to_o that_o title_n second_o that_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n have_v often_o notwithstanding_o 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of_o england_n shall_v not_o have_v as_o much_o authority_n as_o those_o of_o france_n or_o scotland_n this_o be_v as_o much_o or_o more_o a_o limit_a kingdom_n thau_fw-fr either_o of_o the_o other_o ever_o be_v m._n i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o but_o pray_v show_v i_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n why_o the_o convention_n shall_v now_o vote_n a_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n since_o there_o be_v certain_o a_o heir_n apparent_a not_o long_o since_o in_o england_n and_o i_o hope_n be_v now_o safe_a in_o france_n who_o ought_v to_o fill_v it_o or_o at_o least_o there_o shall_v have_v be_v some_o sufficient_a cause_n allege_v against_o he_o to_o prove_v that_o he_o be_v not_o true_a son_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o queen_n and_o till_o this_o be_v do_v they_o can_v not_o with_o any_o right_a or_o good_a conscience_n place_v any_o other_o relation_n of_o he_o in_o the_o throne_n since_o every_o person_n ought_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o son_n of_o that_o father_n and_o mother_n that_o public_o own_v he_o for_o such_o for_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o our_o as_o well_o as_o your_o law_n filiatio_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la probari_fw-la f._n how_o this_o can_v be_v perform_v without_o first_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a i_o can_v apprehend_v for_o you_o yourself_o must_v grant_v that_o there_o have_v be_v great_a doubt_n and_o suspicion_n of_o the_o realty_n of_o this_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o therefore_o that_o be_v one_o great_a reason_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n come_v over_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o child_n whether_o he_o be_v real_o bear_v of_o the_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o q._n be_v first_o to_o be_v examine_v and_o determine_v before_o he_o can_v be_v declare_v k._n of_o england_n in_o the_o
but_o i_o can_v show_v you_o not_o only_o the_o unreasonableness_n but_o also_o the_o unpracticableness_n of_o this_o supposition_n first_o its_o unreasonableness_n since_o you_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v to_o allege_v that_o the_o whole_a nation_n by_o that_o act_n of_o recognition_n to_o king_n james_n oblige_v themselves_o and_o their_o posterity_n to_o he_o and_o his_o right_a heir_n it_o be_v true_a they_o there_o tell_v he_o that_o they_o make_v that_o recognition_n as_o the_o first_o fruit_n of_o their_o loyalty_n and_o faith_n to_o he_o and_o his_o royal_a progeny_n and_o posterity_n for_o ever_o and_o also_o when_o they_o have_v acknowledge_v he_o to_o be_v just_o and_o lawful_o next_o and_o sole_a heir_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a of_o this_o realm_n and_o that_o they_o thereunto_o submit_v and_o oblige_v themselves_o their_o heir_n and_o posterity_n for_o ever_o etc._n etc._n there_o be_v no_o more_o mean_v or_o express_v in_o all_o this_o than_o that_o the_o whole_a 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if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v of_o it_o you_o will_v find_v it_o not_o to_o be_v so_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o judge_n do_v there_o assert_v that_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n be_v indefinite_a and_o without_o limitation_n as_o be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o right_a heir_n and_o also_o that_o it_o extend_v to_o the_o venture_n of_o life_n and_o member_n and_o to_o the_o let_v out_o of_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o our_o blood_n yet_o be_v this_o still_o to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o a_o one_o and_o his_o heir_n who_o still_o continue_v to_o be_v king_n in_o a_o legal_a sense_n which_o can_v be_v only_o he_o who_o be_v king_n for_o the_o time_n be_v as_o he_o be_v style_v in_o this_o statute_n of_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 7_o the_o and_o only_o during_o the_o time_n that_o he_o continue_v in_o actual_a possession_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n king_n or_o majesty_n be_v indefinite_a and_o without_o have_v any_o respect_n to_o his_o title_n whether_o by_o descent_n of_o blood_n or_o else_o by_o his_o be_v crown_v and_o recognise_v by_o parliament_n it_o be_v no_o contradiction_n to_o suppose_v this_o allegiance_n be_v only_o due_a to_o the_o king_n in_o this_o limit_a sense_n according_a to_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o 7_o the_o where_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o i_o have_v make_v this_o allegiance_n to_o be_v only_o due_a to_o king_n and_o queen_n de_fw-mi facto_fw-la because_o they_o only_o be_v within_o intent_n and_o letter_n of_o this_o statute_n as_o also_o of_o that_o of_o treason_n according_a to_o the_o legal_a government_n of_o this_o nation_n by_o the_o fundamental_a law_n thereof_o and_o can_v no_o way_n be_v extend_v to_o any_o other_o
p._n 539.540_o king_n how_o far_o god_n lieutenant_n d._n 9_o p._n 663._o w._n his_o authority_n be_v different_a from_o his_o personal_a will_n and_o command_n ib._n p._n 645._o to_o 648._o his_o person_n how_o far_o sacred_a and_o inviolable_a ibid._n p._n 638.651_o to_o 657._o king_n commission_n how_o far_o and_o in_o what_o case_n resistible_a notwithstanding_o the_o declaration_n of_o of_o the_o two_o first_o parliament_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o ib._n p._n 636._o to_o 655._o w._n he_o have_v any_o authority_n to_o act_v against_o law_n ib._n p._n 644_o to_o 649._o king_n commission_n how_o far_o good_a in_o law_n ib._n p._n 640._o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n w._n endue_v with_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n d._n 5._o p._n 338_o to_o 345._o d._n 9_o p._n 650_o 651._o have_v no_o peer_n or_o equal_a in_o the_o kingdom_n d._n 5._o p._n 354._o his_o presence_n w._n it_o will_v authorise_v all_o illegal_a action_n so_o as_o to_o render_v they_o irresistible_a d._n 9_o p._n 653_o 654._o his_o officer_n in_o what_o case_n resistible_a ib._n the_o king_n be_v irresistible_a how_o far_o different_a from_o be_v unaccountable_a d._n 9_o p._n 644_o 645._o king_n of_o england_n w._n absolute_a and_o unaccountable_a or_o w._n limit_v by_o law_n d._n 10._o p._n 693_o to_o 698._o most_o high_a in_o their_o state-royal_a when_o they_o appear_v in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n d._n 9_o p._n 643._o the_o first_o eight_o king_n after_o the_o conquest_n never_o be_v so_o style_v till_o after_o their_o coronation_n d._n 12._o p._n 840._o to_o 858.895_o king_n though_o he_o have_v no_o peer_n yet_o he_o have_v ancient_o comites_fw-la or_o companion_n d._n 5._o p._n 364_o 365._o w._n he_o can_v at_o this_o day_n abdicate_v or_o forfeit_v his_o crown_n by_o the_o wilful_a violation_n of_o our_o fundamental_a law_n d._n 10._o p._n 694_o to_o 709._o d._n 11._o p._n 832_o 833._o kingly_a power_n the_o end_n of_o its_o institution_n in_o this_o kingdom_n d._n 5._o p._n 349._o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la or_o for_o the_o time_n be_v w._n within_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o and_o whether_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o he_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o eleven_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o d._n 13._o p._n 905._o to_o 940._o what_o constitute_v a_o legal_a king_n in_o england_n d._n 12._o p._n 889_o 890._o kingdom_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n w._n when_o give_v by_o god_n appointment_n it_o give_v the_o issue_n of_o that_o king_n a_o like_a divine_a right_o to_o succeed_v d._n 2._o p._n 99_o 100_o kingdom_n patrimonial_a and_o hereditary_a their_o difference_n ib._n 84_o 85._o knight_n of_o shire_n frequent_o style_v magnate_v and_o grantz_n in_o ancient_a record_n d._n 6._o p._n 424._o vid._n append._n w._n they_o be_v ancient_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o none_o other_o p._n 425._o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n w._n the_o first_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o they_o that_o can_v be_v find_v be_v the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 7._o p._n 519._o w._n this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o they_o be_v summon_v ibid._n p._n 525_o to_o 530._o w._n they_o be_v summon_v no_o more_o till_o the_o eighteen_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o ibid._n p._n 522._o to_o the_o end_n d._n 8._o p._n 559._o to_o 563._o p._n 571_o to_o 576._o l_o lancaster_n w._n that_o family_n pretend_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n claim_v by_o inheritance_n d._n 12._o p._n 861_o 862._o law_n how_o far_o they_o oblige_v prince_n according_a to_o sir_n r._n f_n principle_n d._n 2._o p._n 120_o 121._o law_n imperial_a of_o all_o goâ—vernments_n w._n they_o require_v a_o passive_a obedience_n or_o nonresistance_n in_o all_o case_n whatsoever_o d._n 3._o p._n 149.154_o law_n of_o nation_n w._n it_o differ_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n d._n 1._o p._n 26_o to_o 31._o law_n of_o english_a saxon_a council_n the_o title_n to_o most_o of_o they_o d._n 5._o p._n 314._o to_o 319._o law_n of_o normandy_n w._n the_o same_o in_o most_o thing_n with_o those_o of_o england_n d._n 10._o p._n 752.753_o law_n fundamental_a of_o the_o kingdom_n w._n there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n and_o where_o to_o be_v find_v d._n 9_o p._n 666._o to_o 669._o d._n 10._o p._n 704._o d._n 11._o p._n 810._o to_o 814._o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n concern_v the_o king_n cease_v to_o be_v so_o if_o he_o prove_v a_o tyrant_n and_o w._n it_o be_v genuine_a or_o not_o d._n 10._o p._n 705._o to_o 712._o private_a league_n with_o france_n what_o reason_n there_o be_v for_o and_o against_o its_o reality_n d._n 11._o p._n 800._o to_o 802._o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la mention_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n who_o they_o be_v ancient_o d._n 6._o p._n 419.426_o to_o 431._o w._n they_o be_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o choose_v by_o military_a service_n to_o they_o d._n 7._o p._n 449._o to_o 453.514_o m_o magna_n charta_n w._n obtain_v by_o rebellion_n d._n 3._o p._n 186._o magnates_n w._n the_o commons_o be_v not_o sometime_o comprehend_v under_o that_o title_n d._n 6._o p._n 372.396_o 397._o queen_n marry_o w._n she_o have_v any_o title_n save_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o d._n 12._o p._n 872._o our_o present_a queen_n mary_n w._n she_o have_v a_o right_a to_o succeed_v upon_o her_o father_n abdication_n ib._n p._n 853._o 884._o maud_n the_o empress_n why_o she_o never_o style_v herself_o queen_n of_o england_n notwithstanding_o fealty_n have_v be_v swear_v to_o she_o d._n 12._o p._n 846._o several_a maxim_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n consider_v and_o explain_v d._n 1._o p._n 17_o 18_o 21.30_o the_o ancient_a member_n of_o the_o german_a diet_n or_o great_a council_n d._n 6._o p._n 375._o the_o milites_fw-la mention_v in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n who_o they_o be_v d._n 6._o p._n 431_o 432._o w._n they_o be_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o any_o other_o tenant_n by_o military_a or_o socage_n service_n d._n 7._o p._n 481.489_o 490._o mischief_n that_o may_v befall_v a_o people_n from_o their_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n consider_v d._n 3._o p._n 184._o to_o 189._o monarchy_n w._n of_o divine_a right_n from_o any_o precept_n or_o example_n in_o the_o old_a or_o new_a testament_n d._n 2._o p._n 130_o 131._o or_o from_o adam_n patriarchical_a power_n d._n 1._o p._n 19_o to_o 26._o monarchy_n or_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v most_o tyrannical_a d._n 2._o p._n 110.111_o mix_v monarchy_n w._n it_o be_v a_o contradiction_n d._n 5._o p._n 345._o to_o 348._o sim._n montfort_n w._n he_o first_o call_v the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 8._o p._n 596.597_o moses_n and_o joshua_n w._n monarch_n over_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n and_o successor_n to_o the_o patriarchical_a power_n d._n 2._o p._n 92._o to_o 100_o multitudo_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n the_o signification_n of_o those_o word_n in_o our_o ancient_a history_n d._n 8._o p._n 569._o to_o 571._o n_o w._n a_o whole_a nation_n may_v resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o some_o case_n of_o extremity_n but_o not_o particular_a person_n d._n 3._o p._n 146._o to_o 150.161_o 162._o d._n 4._o p._n 236._o to_o 239.272_o to_o 275._o negative_a voice_n w._n the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n have_v it_o not_o in_o some_o case_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n d._n 5._o p._n 341._o noah_n w._n he_o be_v sole_a proprietor_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o be_v tenant_n in_o common_a with_o his_o own_o child_n d._n 1._o p._n 74_o 75._o w._n his_o grandson_n be_v all_o alike_a prince_n over_o their_o several_a family_n ib._n p._n 75._o to_o 81._o w._n from_o noah_n seven_o precept_n may_v be_v deduce_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n d._n 1._o p._n 36_o 37._o nobilis_fw-la &_o nobilitas_fw-la the_o several_a signification_n of_o those_o title_n d._n 6._o p._n 374_o 388.410_o w._n mere_a commoner_n be_v not_o often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o title_n of_o nobiles_fw-la ib._n 396_o 397._o non_fw-la obstantes_fw-la the_o clause_n when_o first_o insert_v in_o our_o king_n charter_n d._n 11._o p._n 820._o non_fw-fr resistance_n w._n the_o doctrine_n tend_v to_o make_v prince_n better_o or_o else_o more_o tyrannical_a to_o their_o subject_n d._n 2._o p._n 116_o 117._o normandy_n w._n its_o duke_n be_v absolute_a or_o limit_v prince_n d._n 10._o p._n 727._o o_o oath_n of_o the_o king_n at_o his_o coronation_n how_o far_o oblige_v according_a to_o sir_n f_n principle_n d._n 2._o p._n 122.123_o it_o be_v ancient_a form_n according_a to_o the_o mirour_n d._n 5.364_o w._n the_o take_v the_o coronation_n oath_n render_v the_o crown_n forfeitable_a if_o it_o
e._n i._o ib._n p._n 554._o rot._n cl_o 31._o ed._n iii_o ib._n p._n 555._o rot._n pat._n 54_o h._n iii_o ib._n 573._o rot._n wal._n 11._o ed._n i._o ib._n 574.575_o rot._n cl_o 28._o e._n i._o rot._n pat._n 8._o ed._n ii_o ib._n 576._o rot._n pat._n 52._o h._n iii_o ib._n p._n 578._o bundle_z brev._n 5._o ed._n ii_o rot._n pat._n 40._o ed._n iii_o ib._n p._n 581._o rot._n pat._n 2._o h._n v._o ib._n p._n 582._o placit_fw-la parl._n 18._o e._n i._o rot._n parl._n 18._o ed._n iii_o ib._n p._n 584._o inter_fw-la com._n brev_n in_o scac._n 34._o ed._n i._o prins_n par_fw-fr reg._n p._n 26.28.30_o ed._n i._o ib._n p._n 586._o parl._n reg._n 8._o ed._n ii_o 887._o rot._n cl_o 15._o e._n ii_o rot._n cl_o 2._o e._n iii_o rot._n cl_o 50._o e._n iii_o p._n 588._o rot._n pat._n 42._o e._n iii_o p._n 599._o rot._n pat._n 17._o ed._n iii_o rot._n parl._n 51._o e._n iii_o p._n 605._o a_o regency_n w._n legal_a or_o practicable_a in_o england_n upon_o king_n james_n departure_n d._n 12._o p._n 877._o religion_n in_o what_o case_n we_o be_v bind_v to_o suffer_v for_o it_o without_o any_o resistance_n d._n 4._o p._n 222._o to_o 235._o the_o remedy_n against_o tyranny_n the_o people_n of_o england_n can_v have_v without_o resistance_n consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 262._o to_o 664._o resistance_n of_o father_n husband_n and_o master_n by_o their_o wife_n child_n and_o servant_n w._n ever_o lawful_a d._n 1._o p._n 41._o to_o 44._o to_o 52.60_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o what_o case_n absolute_o lawful_a d._n 3._o p._n 146._o to_o 149_o d._n 4._o p._n 270._o in_o what_o case_n absolute_o unlawful_a d._n 3._o p._n 176_o 177._o all_o the_o evil_a consequence_n of_o such_o resistance_n consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 261._o to_o 264._o d._n 9_o p._n 649_o 659_o to_o 666._o w._n all_o resistance_n be_v forbid_v by_o god_n in_o the_o old_a testament_n d._n 3._o p._n 190._o to_o the_o end_n w._n forbid_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n d._n 4._o p._n 220._o to_o 264._o w._n contrary_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n ib._n p._n 283._o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n and_o those_o in_o commission_n by_o he_o w._n absolute_o â—orbid_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o seven_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o against_o bear_v of_o arm_n d._n 8._o p._n 612._o w._n contrary_a to_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o concern_v treason_n ib._n to_o the_o end_n resistance_n of_o arbitrary_a power_n in_o our_o king_n w._n lawful_a both_o before_o and_o since_o the_o conquest_n d._n 9_o p._n 615_o to_o 637._o such_o resistance_n grant_v to_o be_v lawful_a by_o some_o of_o our_o king_n themselves_o d._n 9_o p._n 617.620.622_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a what_o they_o be_v d._n 9_o p._n 666_o to_o 669._o roll_n clause_n how_o many_o want_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 7._o p._n 517_o 518._o s_o sapientes_fw-la its_o signification_n in_o ancient_a history_n d._n 6._o p._n 377._o late_o schism_n upon_o the_o deprivation_n of_o the_o bishop_n w._n justifiable_a d._n 13._o p._n 963_o to_o 966._o scotland_n w._n it_o be_v ancient_a constitution_n be_v the_o same_o with_o england_n d._n 7._o p._n 503._o to_o 505._o d._n 8._o p._n 559._o w._n none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o appear_v at_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n ib._n to_o 510._o scutage_n service_n w._n different_a from_o a_o scutage_n tax_n d._n 7._o p._n 439._o to_o 440.479_o to_o 481._o sermon_n for_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n censure_v in_o parliament_n d._n 1._o p._n 5._o servant_n and_o son_n w._n all_o one_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n d._n 1._o p._n 54._o sheriff_n pardon_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o hold_v above_o one_o year_n d._n 12._o p._n 821._o state_n general_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n w._n their_o make_v war_n upon_o king_n james_n the_o second_o be_v justifiable_a d._n 11._o p._n 781_o 782._o ancient_a statute_n w._n the_o three_o estate_n have_v not_o always_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n d._n 5._o p._n 330._o to_o 348._o notwithstanding_o the_o different_a form_n of_o pen_v they_o ibid._n d._n 7._o p._n 484_o 485.525.528_o 529._o statue_n of_o the_o eleven_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o cap._n 1._o w._n still_o in_o force_n d._n 13._o p._n 909._o to_o 933._o statute_n of_o the_o thirteen_o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 1._o w._n still_o in_o force_n d._n 12._o p._n 894._o to_o 898._o all_o statute_n though_o make_v by_o usurper_n w._n they_o hold_v good_a till_o repeal_v d._n 12._o p._n 909_o 911_o 912._o doctor_n story_n case_n d._n 13._o p._n 950._o subject_n how_o different_a from_o slave_n d._n 4._o p._n 251._o to_o 261._o w._n particular_a subject_n may_v resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n for_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o own_o private_a injury_n d._n 4._o p._n 252._o succession_n to_o crown_n no_o certain_a procept_n to_o be_v find_v about_o it_o in_o scripture_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n d._n 2._o p._n 89._o to_o 90._o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n w._n always_o hereditary_a since_o the_o conquest_n without_o any_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n d._n 12._o p._n 839_o to_o 875._o suffering_n of_o christ_n how_o far_o a_o example_n to_o we_o d._n 4._o p._n 227._o to_o 233._o suffer_v for_o religion_n without_o resistance_n when_o necessary_a ib._n p._n 231._o t_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la w._n they_o be_v all_o baron_n d._n 6._o p._n 399.400_o w._n they_o can_v ancient_o tax_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o their_o pleasure_n as_o well_o the_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o as_o what_o be_v not_o d._n 7._o 440.479_o to_o 483.500_o w._n they_o or_o else_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v ancient_o the_o only_a person_n who_o serve_v upon_o jury_n d._n 10._o p._n 741._o to_o 746._o w._n they_o represent_v all_o their_o under_o tenant_n in_o parliament_n d._n 7._o p._n 512._o tenant_n in_o sâ—â—age_n w._n they_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o estate_n d._n 6._o p._n 420._o tenant_n in_o demesne_n claim_v to_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o knight_n wage_n by_o prescription_n d._n 8._o p._n 588_o 589._o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n w._n in_o use_n before_o king_n wil._n i._o d._n 10._o p._n 750_o 751._o a_o new_a test_n oath_n oppose_v by_o a_o great_a party_n of_o the_o poeâ—s_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o d._n 9_o p._n 659._o testament_n w._n valid_a in_o the_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n d._n 2._o p._n 86_o 87_o 91._o the_o several_a text_n of_o scripture_n make_v use_v of_o for_o or_o against_o absolute_a nonresistance_n examine_v viz._n in_o the_o old_a testament_n d._n 3._o p._n 190._o to_o the_o end_n text_n of_o scripture_n out_o of_o the_o new_a testament_n urge_v for_o the_o like_a purpose_n d._n 4._o p._n 220._o to_o 279._o thanes_z the_o ancient_a signification_n of_o that_o title_n discuss_v d._n 6._o p._n 374._o to_o 379._o the_o divers_a sort_n of_o they_o among_o the_o english_a saxon_n d._n 5._o p._n 370._o treason_n against_o the_o kingdom_n ancient_o as_o well_o as_o against_o the_o king_n d._n 5._o p._n 344._o trial_n by_o combat_n w._n in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n d._n 10._o p._n 758._o trust_v commit_v by_o the_o people_n to_o the_o supreme_a power_n w._n unaccountable_a and_o irrevocable_a d._n 3._o p._n 152.154_o insupportable_a tyranny_n w._n worse_o than_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n ib._n 155._o tyrant_n w._n ordain_v of_o god_n d._n 4._o 245_o 246._o u_o vavasor_n or_o mesne_fw-la tenant_n w._n ancient_o reckon_v as_o part_v of_o the_o baronage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n d._n 6._o p._n 405_o 406._o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o regni_n what_o it_o signify_v and_o w._n the_o commons_o be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o title_n d._n 6._o p._n 408_o 409_o 415_o 416._o universitas_fw-la communis_fw-la the_o meaning_n of_o that_o phrase_n in_o matthew_n paris_n d._n 7._o p._n 470._o w._n it_o comprehend_v no_o more_o than_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ib._n 471._o primate_n usher_v opinion_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o obedience_n of_o the_o subject_a consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 271_o 272._o usurper_n by_o sir_n r._n filmer_n principles_n to_o be_v obey_v before_o the_o lawful_a prince_n and_o his_o heir_n d._n 2._o p._n 126_o 127._o when_o usurper_n may_v be_v obey_v before_o the_o lawful_a prince_n and_o his_o heir_n d._n 4._o p._n 246._o usurpation_n w._n it_o give_v a_o rightful_a title_n after_o three_o generation_n d._n 2._o p._n 128._o vulgus_fw-la what_o that_o word_n signify_v in_o the_o
not_o because_o he_o keep_v a_o kingdom_n bequeath_v to_o he_o by_o k._n edward_n since_o some_o writer_n relate_v this_o king_n name_v not_o he_o but_o harold_n for_o his_o successor_n 2._o though_o other_o say_v that_o he_o recommend_v edgar_n to_o the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o english_a nobility_n so_o that_o the_o only_a true_a and_o just_a cause_n d._n william_n have_v of_o make_v war_n upon_o harold_n be_v his_o break_v the_o promise_n and_o oath_n he_o have_v not_o long_o before_o make_v he_o of_o secure_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o he_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o k._n edward_n instead_o of_o do_v which_o he_o have_v seize_v it_o for_o himself_o and_o which_o be_v worse_o refuse_v to_o restore_v it_o or_o so_o much_o as_o to_o hold_v it_o of_o duke_n william_n as_o his_o homager_n so_o that_o though_o for_o the_o strengthen_n of_o his_o own_o tide_n he_o pretend_v to_o the_o will_n or_o donation_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o to_o avoid_v the_o envy_n of_o the_o name_n 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the_o clergy_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o he_o without_o any_o other_o precedent_a condition_n or_o stipulation_n than_o for_o the_o save_n of_o their_o life_n and_o as_o for_o the_o norman_n they_o be_v his_o subject_n and_o they_o conquer_a the_o kingdom_n only_o for_o his_o use_n and_o benefit_n as_o his_o soldier_n and_o vassalâ—_n and_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a he_o will_v owe_v the_o kingdom_n which_o he_o have_v thus_o acquire_v by_o the_o sword_n to_o their_o vote_n or_o election_n neither_o do_v any_o author_n that_o i_o know_v of_o mention_n any_o election_n before_o his_o coronation_n when_o though_o it_o be_v true_a he_o take_v such_o a_o oath_n as_o you_o mention_v yet_o it_o be_v in_o too_o general_a term_n to_o bind_v he_o to_o any_o observation_n of_o the_o ancient_a english_a law_n much_o less_o to_o preserve_v their_o right_n and_o privilege_n far_o than_o he_o think_v fit_a and_o therefore_o can_v 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all_o that_o they_o enjoy_v and_o consequent_o have_v a_o right_a to_o harold_n crown_n as_o well_o as_o his_o other_o estate_n as_o also_o to_o the_o estate_n of_o all_o those_o that_o be_v either_o slay_v or_o escape_v alive_a from_o that_o battle_n and_o not_o only_o to_o these_o but_o also_o to_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o the_o war_n be_v make_v not_o only_o against_o harold_n person_n but_o against_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n the_o people_n of_o which_o according_a to_o their_o allegiance_n assist_v he_o in_o that_o war_n either_o with_o man_n or_o money_n 4._o but_o admit_v the_o war_n to_o have_v be_v in_o itself_o never_o so_o unjust_a yet_o all_o writer_n on_o this_o subject_a even_a grotius_n and_o pufendorf_n agree_v that_o conquest_n even_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n with_o a_o thorough_a settlement_n in_o the_o conqueror_n and_o his_o successor_n by_o the_o non_fw-fr claim_n dereliction_n submission_n or_o exstinction_n of_o the_o next_o 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