and the trueth onely aymed at But if Religion and godlinesse bee openly beaten downe if tyrannie and ambition bee established if men studie faction gluttonie lust there is nothing more pernicious for the Church of God All this I haue spoken hitherto as if this Councell which you call so did subsist somwhere and were indeed a Councell which I thinke absolutely to be none Or if it be one and subsist any where sure it is an obscure one and kept very close For though we are not very farre off yet we can by no meanes learne what is done there what Bishops haue met or rather indeed whether any at all are met Nay besides aboue twentie months since when this Councell was first summoned by Pope Pius the Emperour Ferdinand answered that though all other matters were accommodated yet hee did much dislike the Place which the Pope had made choice of for himselfe For Trent though a prety Citie yet neither was commodiously enough seated for the receipt of so many Nations nor able to receiue so great a multitude of men as were likely in reason to meete at a Generall Councell The same answere was returned from other Christian Princes and from some much sharper Therfore wee beleeued that all these things together with the Councell it selfe had beene vanished away into smoake 7 But I pray you who is he that hath summoned this Councell and called the world together You wil say Pope Pius the fourth And why he rather then the Bishop of Toledo For by what power by what example of the Primitiue Church by what right doth hee this Did Peter Linus Cletus Clemens thus tosse and tumble the world with their Proclamations This was alwayes whilest the Empire flourished the proper right of the Emperours of Rome But now since the power of the Empire is lessened and Kingdomes by succession share part of the Imperiall power that power is communicated to Christian Kings and Princes Search the Annals lay together the memorials of all Antiquitie you shall finde the ancientest Councels the Nicene the Ephesine that of Chalcedon that of Constantinople to haue beene called by the Roman Emperours Constantine Theodosius the first Theodosius the second Martian not by the Popes of Rome 8 Leo the Pope a man otherwise louing enough to himselfe and no way neglectfull of the authority of his Sea did humbly beseech Mauritius the Emperour that hee would summon a Councell to be held in Italie as beeing the fittest place All the Priests sayes hee beseech your Clemencie that you would command a Generall Councell to bee held within Italie But the Emperour caused that Ceuncel to bee assembled not in Italie which the Pope earnestly laboured but at Chalcedon in Bithynia to shew that that was his right and belonged to him onely And when Ruffinus in that bickering which hee had with Ierome had alleadged a certaine Synod Tell mee sayes Ierome what Emperour caused it to bee called Ierome did not thinke the authoritie of a Generall Councell firme enough vnlesse an Emperour had called it I demand not now what Emperor hath commanded the Bishops to be called to Trent at this present But with what Emperor did the Pope that hath taken thus much to himselfe aduise of holding the Councell what Christian King or Prince did hee make priuy to his designe To intrude vpon anothers right by fraude or force and to vsurpe for his owne what belongs to others is iniurious dealing But to abuse the Clemency of Princes and to rule ouer them as his vassalls is an egregious and an intollerable disgrace to them But for vs by our complying to goe about to backe such an iniurie and disgrace were no lesse iniurie Wherefore if wee should onely say thus much that this Trent Councell of yours is not lawfully called that Pope Pius hath done nothing rightly or orderly no man could iustly find fault with our absence 9 I passe ouer the wrongs which the Popes of Rome haue done vs That they haue as often as they pleased armed our People against their Soueraigne That they haue pulld the Scepters out of our Kings hands and the Crownes from off their heades That they would haue the Kingdome of England to bee theirs and held in their name and our Kings to Reigne by their fauour That within these later yeares they haue stirred vp against vs somtimes the French somtimes the Emperor What the intentions of Pius himselfe haue beene towards vs what hee hath done what hee hath spoken what hee hath practised what hee hath threatened t' is needlesse to rehearse For his actions and his words are not so close so concealed but that the aime of both may be discouered By what courses hee was made Pope and by what steps hee mounted to so great a dignity I say nothing I doe not say that he aspired to the Popedome by corrupting of Cardinals buying of voices by price and purchase by vnderminings and ambushes I doe not say that lately beeing not able to quitt skores hee cast Cardinall Caraffa into prison and there murthered him by whose assistance he had compassed the rest of the Cardinals voyces to whom for that seruice he owed a great summe of money These and diuers other things I leaue to you who both behold them at a neerer distance and better vnderstand them And can you wonder then that wecome not to a man of Blood one that purchases voyces that denies to pay his debts to a Simoniacal person to an Heretique Beleeue me it is not the part of a wise man wilfully to runne into a place infected and to consult of Religion with the enemies of Religion My mother sayes one forbade mee the company of infamous persons Iohn the Apostle durst not sit in the same Bath nor wash with Olympius lest he should bee strucke from heauen with the same thunder I haue not sate sayth Dauid in the assembly of Vanitie neither will I walke with the workers of iniquitie 10 But admitte that this is the Popes proper right let it bee in his power to call Councels to gouerne the whole world Let those things bee false and vaine whatsoeuer wee haue spoken concerning the power of the Emperour and the right of Kings Grant that Pope Pius is an honest man that he was duely and lawfully made Pope that he sought no mans life that he did not kill Caraffa in prison yet it is fit that Councels should be free that euery man may be present that will and those with whose conuenience it stands not may bee absent And such was anciently the equitie and moderation of those better men The Princes were not then called together in such a slauish manner that if any one of them had stayed at home or had not sent Ambassadours to the Councell presently euery eye was vpon him euery finger pointing at him In the Nicen Councel in the Ephesine in that of Constantinople what spie obserued who were absent But there was neuer an Ambassadour then neither from
that Friar Martine Luther endeauoured to staine Germanie with that contagion so that if he were not hindered all that nation would fall into an horrible ruine that Pope Leo had fatherly admonished him and after that the assembly of Cardinals and other excellent men had condemned his writings and declared him an Heretique if within a certaine terme he reuoked not his errours and had sent by Ierom Aleander his Nuncio a copie of that Bull of condemnation to him the Emperour as protectour of the Church desiring him it might bee put in execution in the Empire his Kingdomes Dominions and Prouinces that notwithstanding this Martin amended not himselfe yea multiplied his Bookes daily full not onely of new heresies but euen of those which haue been long since condemned by holy Councels and not only in the Latine tongue but in the German also naming in particular many of his errours he concluded that there was no writing of his where there was not to bee found some contagion or deadly sting so that it might be said that euery word was a poyson that these things being considered by him the Emperour and his Counsellours of all nations subiect vnto him treading in the steps of the Romane Emperours his predecessours hauing conferred in that Diet of Wormes with the Electors and men of other States of the Empire by their counsell and assent though it was not fit to heare a man condemned by the Pope obstinate in his peruersenes and a notorious Heretique notwithstanding to take away all occasion of cauill many saying it was necessary to heare the man before the Popes decree was executed he resolued to send to fetch him by one of his Heraulds not to know and iudge the things that concerne faith which belongeth to the Pope alone but to bring him to the right way with good perswasions Then hee shewed how Martin was brought into the publique assembly and whereof he was interrogated and what he answered as it hath beene declared before and how he had leaue giuen him and departed 44 Afterwards he goeth on concluding that therefore for the honour of God and reuerence of the Pope and for the duty of the Imperiall dignity by the counsell and assent of the Princes Electors and States executing the sentence and condemnation of the Pope he declared that hee holdeth Martin Luther for a notorious Heretique and determineth that hee ought to be so held of men prohibiting euery one to receiue or defend him in any sort commanding both Princes and States vnder all the penalties to apprehend and take him after the terme of twenty dayes and also to prosecute all his complices adherents and fauourers spoyling them of all their goods mooueable and immooueable Hee commandeth also that no man should reade or keepe his books notwithstanding that some thing be good in them giuing order as well to Princes as others that administer Iustice that they burne and destroy them And because books extracted out of his workes are composed and printed in some places and pictures and images spread abroad to the disgrace of many yea euen of the Pope himselfe he commandeth that none should print paint or keep any of them but that they be taken and burned by the Magistrates and the Printers buyers and sellers punished adding a generall law that no writing may be printed where any point of faith is handled though the least of all without consent of the Ordinary 45 In this selfe same time also the Vniuersity of Paris drawing diuers conclusions from the bookes of Luther condemned them partly as renewed out The Vniuersity of Paris condemned the writings of Luther of the doctrine of Wigleffe and Husse and partly as newly deliuered by him against the Catholique Doctrine But all these oppositions effected nothing else but that Luther answering bookes were multiplyed both of the one side and the other and the contentions waxed more sharpe and the curiosity of many was stirred vp who willing to informe themselues of the state of the controuersie came to note the errours reprehended and so withdrew their deuotion from the Pope 46 Amongst the most famous contradictors which the doctrine of Luther found was Henry 8. King of England who not being borne the Kings eldest Henry the 8. King of England writeth against Luther sonne had beene destinated by his father to be Archbishop of Canterbury and therefore in his youth was made to study But the eldest being dead and after him the father also hee succeeded in the Kingdome and esteeming it a great honour to imploy himselfe in so famous a controuersie of learning he wrot a booke of the seuen Sacraments defending also the Popedome and oppugning the Doctrine of Luther a thing so gratefull to the Pope that hauing receiued the Kings booke he honoured him with the vsuall title of Defender of the Faith But Martin suffered not himselfe to bescared with that Gaineth the Title of Defender of the faith most illustrious glittering name of a King but answered his Maiesty with asmuch acrimony vehemencie and as small respect as he had answered the petty Doctors This Kingly tittle being entred into the controuersies made men more curious and as it happeneth in combats that the lookers on are alwayes ready to fauour the weaker and to extoll his actions though they bee but meanes so so heere it stirred vp a generall inclination towards Luther 47 So soone as the Emperours decree of banishment was published thoroughout the same month Hugo Bishop of Constance in whose Diocesse is the The B. of Constance wrot to Zurie against Zuinglius Citty of Zuric wrot to the Colledge of the Canons of that place of which number Zuinglius was one and another letter to the Senate of the same City In those letters he put them in mind of the dammage which the Churches and Common-wealths also endured by innouation of doctrine with much detriment to spirituall well-fare and confusion of publique quiet and tranquility Hee exhorteth them to beware of new Doctours shewing that they are mooued onely by their owne ambition and instigation of the deuil He sent there withall the Decree of Leo and the banishment published by the Emperour exhorting them to receiue and obey both the one and the other and particularly noted the person and doctrine of Zuinglius and his adherents which constrained him to giue an account of whatsoeuer he had taught his Collegues and to satisfie the Senate Hee wrot also to the Bishop insisting principally vpon this that concubinarie Priests were not any more to bee tolerated from whom sprang infamy to the Clergy and bad example to the people and generally corruption of manners in all a thing which could not be taken away but by bringing in of marriage according to the Apostles doctrine Hee wrot also to all the Cantons of the Suisses in his owne defence making particular mention of an Edict made by the Magistrates their predecessors that euery Priest should bee bound to haue
to hinder the desolation of Germany and that not to speake of a Councell was willingly to runne into a ciuill warre In the second place the King treated with them that they would be contented with a Councell in Italie But neither did the Germans agree vnto this for they sayd that this match was worse then the first because that constrained them onely to make warre but this cast them into a seruitude both of body and soule whereunto resistance could not be made but by a Councell in a free place yet condescending for his Maiesties sake to whatsoeuer they were able they would cease to demand to haue it celebrated in Germany so that another free place were appointed out of Italie though it were neere vnto it In the beginning of the yeere 1534. the King gaue the Pope an account 1534 of what hee had done and offered to bring to passe that the Protestants should bee contented with Geneua The Pope hauing receiued the aduise The Pope is displeased with the Propose of Geneua for the 〈◊〉 place of the Councell was vncertaine whether the King though his confederate and kinsman would be glad to see him in troubles or if in this particular hee wanted that discretion which he shewed in other affaires But hee concluded that it was not good to vse him in this matter And writing vnto him thanked him for his paines without answering to the particular of Geneua and hee incouraged many of the Courtiers whose mindes were troubled assuring them that by no meanes he would consent to such a folly But this yeere the Pope in stead of regaining Germanie lost the obedience He looseth the obedience of England of England by proceeding rather with choler and passion then with wisedome necessarie in so great negotiations The accident was of great importance and greater consequence which to declare distinctly it is necessary to begin from the first causes whence it had its originall Catherine Infanta of Spaine sister to the mother of Charles the Emperour was married to Henry the eight King of England and was before the wife of Arthure Prince of Walles Henryes eldest brother after whose death their father gaue her in marriage to Henry who remained successor by the dispensation The cause of Pope Iulio the second This Queene was with child often and alwayes either miscaried or brought foorth a creature of a short life except one only daughter King Henry either for displeasure against the Emperor or for desire of issue male or for some other cause conceiued a scruple in his mind that the mariage was not good and taking counsell of his Bishops separated himselfe from her company The Bishops treated with the Queene that shee would be contented with a diuorce saying that the Popes dispensation was neither good nor true The Queene would not giue eare to them but had recourse to the Pope to whom the King also sent to craue a diuorce The Pope who was still retired in Oruieto and hoped for good conditions in his affaires if the fauours of France and England which still they performed were continued by molesting the Emperour in the kingdome of Naples sent into England the Cardinal Campeggio delegating the cause vnto him and the Cardinall of Yorke From these and from Rome the King had hope giuen him that in the end the sentence should bee on his side Yea to facilitate The Cardinals Campeggio and Wolsie were delegated by the Pope to heare the cause of the Kings diuorce the resolution that the solemnities of the iudgement might not draw the cause in length a briefe was framed in which hee was declared free from that marriage with the most ample clauses that euer were put into any Popes Bull and a Cardinall sent into England with order to present it after some few proofes were past which he was sure would easily be made And The Pope caused his Briefe which he had made in fauour of the diuorce to be burned this happened in the yeere 1524. But Clement iudging it fitter for compassing his designes vpon Florence as hath beene declared in its proper place to ioyne himselfe with the Emperour then to continue in the friendship of France and England in the yeere 1529. hee sent Francis Campana vnto Campeggio with order to burne the Briefe and to proceed slowly in the cause Campeggio began first to draw the cause in length and after to make difficultie of performing the promises made to the King Whereby beeing assured that the Iudge and his aduersaries did collude hee sent to the Vniuersities of Italie France and Germanie for a consultation in his cause where amongst A consultation about the cause of diuorce the Diuines some were contrary and some fauourable to his pretension The greater part of the Parisians were on his side and some beleeued that the Kings giftes more perswaded them then reason But the Pope either to gratifie the Emperour or for feare that in England by meanes of the Cardinall of Yorke something might happen not according The Pope to gratifie the Emperour recalleth Campeggio to his minde as also to giue occasion to Campeggio to part from thence called the cause to himselfe The King impatient of delay either because he knew their cunning or for some other cause published the diuorce with his wife and married Anne Bullen in the yere 1533. yet still the cause depended before the Pope in which he was resolued to proceede slowly to The King in 〈…〉 yeth 〈◊〉 Bulle◠satisfie the Emperour and not offend the King Therefore some by points rather were handled then the merits of the cause And the disputation grew vpon the Article of the Attentats in which the Pope gaue sentence against the King declaring that it was not lawfull for him by his owne authoritie without the Ecclesiasticall Iudge to separate himselfe from his wife For which cause the King in the beginning of this yeere 1534 denied the Pope obedience commanding all his subiects not to carry any money to Rome The King causeth the Peter-pence to be denied the Pope nor to pay the ordinary Peter-pence This infinitely troubled the Court of Rome and dayly they consulted of a remedie They thought to proceede against the King with censures and to interdict all Christian Nations all commerce with England But the moderate Counsell pleased best to temporize with him and to mediate a composition by the French King King Francis accepted the charge and sent the Bishop of Paris to Rome to negotiate a pacification with the Pope where they still proceeded in the cause but gently and with resolution not to come to censures if the Emperour did not proceede first or at the same time with his forces They had diuided the cause into three and twenty Articles and then they handled whether Prince Arthure had had carnall coniunction with Queene Catherine in this they spent time vntill mid-lent was past when the nineteenth of March newes came that a
Libell was published in England against the Pope and the whole Court of Rome and that besides a Comedie had beene made in presence of the King and Court to the great disgrace and shame of the Pope and of euery Cardinall in particular For which cause all being inflamed with choler they ran head-long to giue sentence which was pronounced in the Consistorie the foure and twentieth of the same moneth that the mariage betweene Henry and Queene Catherine was good that he was bound to take her for his wife and that in case he did it not he should be excommunicated The Pope was soone displeased with this precipitation For sixe dayes after the French King his letters came that the King of England was contented to accept the sentence concerning the Attentates and to render obedience with condition that the Cardinals whom hee mistrusted should not meddle in the businesse and that persons not suspected should bee sent to Cambray to take information And the King had sent his Proctors before to assist in the cause at Rome Wherefore the Pope went about to deuise some pretence to suspend the precipitated sentence and againe to set the cause on its feete But Henry so soone as he had seene it sayd it was no matter For the Pope should be Bishop of Rome and himselfe sole Lord of his kingdome and that he would doe according to the ancient fashion of the Eastern Church not leauing to be a good Christian nor suffering the Lutheran heresie or any other to be brought into his kingdome And so he did Hee published an Edict wherein hee declared himselfe head of the Church of England and punished capitally whosoeuer said that the Pope of Rome had any authoritie there he chased out the Collector of the Peter-pence and caused the Parliament to approoue all these things where it was determined that all Bishoprickes of England should bee conferred by the Archbishop of Canterburie without sending to Rome and that the Clergie should pay to the King one hundred and fifty thousand pounds sterling yeerely for the defence of the Kingdome against whosoeuer This action of the King was variously expounded Some thought him wise for freeing himselfe from the subiection of Rome without any innouation in Religion and without putting his subiects in danger of sedition How the action of K Henry was expoâ—nded and without referring himselfe to a Councell a thing which they saw hard to be effected and dangerous also for him it being impossible that a Councell composed of Ecclesiasticall persons should not mainetaine the Popes power which is the maine pillar of their order because by the papacie it is aboue all kings and the Emperour but without it is subiect to them there being no Ecclesiasticall person that hath superioritie but the Pope But the Court of Rome maintained that it could not be said that there was no change in Religion the first and principal Article being changed which is the supremacie of the Pope and that seditions would arise as well for this onely as for all the rest Which the euent shewed to be true For the King was faine to proceede seuerely against some of his subiects whom he loued and esteemed It cannot be expressed what griefe was conceiued in Rome and by all the Clergie for the alienation of so great a Kingdome from the Popes subiection and it discouered the imbecillitie of humane affaires wherein for the most part great damages proceed from those things from which the greatest The Popes haue gained much by matrimoniall dispensations benefits were formerly receiued For by matrimonial dispensations and by sentences of diuorce as well granted as denyed the Papacie hath gained much in former times sheltering the Princes with the name of the Vicar of Christ whom it concerned with some incestuous mariage or by dissoluing one to contract another to vnite some other territory to their owne or to drowne the title of diuers pretendants making for this cause straight alliance with them and interesting their power to defend that authoritie without which their actions would be condemned and hindred yea interesting not those Princes onely but all their posteritie to maintaine their legitimation But the misfortune which then arose might be ascribed to the precipitation of Clement who in this case knew not how to manage his authoritie and if it had pleased God to haue giuen him in this fact the vse of his vsuall wisdome he might haue gained much where now his losse was great But the Emperour at his returne into Germany being informed of the negotiation of the Nuncio Rangone concerning the Councell wrote to Rome complaining that himselfe hauing promised a Councell to Germany and treated with the Pope in Bolonia in what sort the Princes should be dealt with in this matter yet the Nuncij of his Holinesse had not proceeded in that manner that was agreed of but had so treated that the Protestants thought themselues deluded praying him in the ende to finde some way to giue Germany satisfaction The eighth of Iune the Emperours letters were read in the Consistorie and because there came aduice a little before that the Landgraue of Hassia had taken the Dukedome of Wittenberg from King Ferdinand by force of armes and restored it to the Duke Vlrick the lawfull Lord of it and that Ferdinand also was inforced to make peace with them many of the Cardinals sayd that the Lutherans hauing atchieued 1534 PAVL 3. CHARLES 〈◊〉 HENRY 8. FRANCIS 1. so great a victorie it was necessarie to giue them some satisfaction and not to proceede any more by Art but to make some demonstration of effects because the Emperour hauing promised a Councell it was necessarie hee should not be deluded and sayd that if the Pope could not finde a way there was danger That his Maiestie would be constrained to yeelde to some other thing of greater preiudice and losse to the Church But the Pope and maior part of the Cardinals seeing it was impossible to make the Lutherans accept such a Counsell as might bee seruiceable to the Court of Rome and being resolute not so much as to hearken to any speach of making it otherwise they resolued to answere the Emperour that they knew very well the importance of the times and what great need there was of a generall Councell which they were most readie to intimate in case it might be so celebrated that it might produce good effects as need requireth but seeing new discords arise betweene him and France diuers open dissentions betweene other Christian Princes it was necessarie they should cease and mindes should bee reconciled before the Councel were called For during the discords it could not produce any good effect and now least of all the Lutherans being in armes and made proud by the victory of Wittenberg But it was necessary to leaue discoursing with the Pope of a Councell For hee fell into a long and mortall infirmitie whereof he dyed in the end Clement the 7. dieth
the Councell was not truely intended and that they had nothing but words and Court holy water And he deliuered his minde with such graue sentences that the whole The Pope sendeth Nunci◠to all Princes to treate with them concerning the Councel auditorie was mooued In that consistorie it was resolued to dispatch Nuncij to the Emperour to the French King and other Christian Princes with commission to declare that the Pope and Colledge had determined absolutely for the benefit of Christendome to celebrate a Councell exhorting them to fauour it and to procure peace and tranquillitie while it shall last but to tell them that for the time and place his Holinesse was not resolued as yet And the most secret instruction was that they should cunningly finde out what the Princes thought concerning the place to the end that all their interests and purposes being knowen hee might hinder them by opposing one against another and so worke his owne will Hee charged also the Nuncij to complaine of the actions of the King of England and when they saw opportunitie to incite them against him and to offer them also that Kingdome for a prey Among these Nuncij Vergerius Vergerius is sent backe into Germanie with speciall instructions was one sent backe into Germanie with more speciall Commissions to penetrate the minde of the Protestants concerning the forme of proceeding in the Councell that hee might draw from thence such conclusions as were necessarie He gaue him also particular charge to treat with Luther and the other principall Preachers of the reformed doctrine vsing all kindes of promises and offers to reduce them to some composition The Pope reprehended in all occasions the rigidnesse of Cardinall Caietan who in the Diet of Ausburg 1518. refused Luthers offer that silence being imposed to his aduersaries hee would also bee contented to hold his peace and hee condemned the acerbitie of that Cardinall who by vrging obstinately a recantation cast that man headlong into despaire which had cost and would cost the Church of Rome as much as the halfe of her authoritie is worth That hee would not imitate Leo in beleeuing that the Friars are good instruments to suppresse the Preachers of Germanie For reason and experience haue declared the vanitie of that cogitation That there were but two meanes force and treaties both which he would vse being readie to agree to any condition so that the Popes authoritie might remaine intire For which end hee said hee had neede of able men fit for negotiation and therefore the one and twentieth of May hee created sixe Cardinals and the seuenth a few dayes after all which were men much esteemed in the Court. Among these was Iohn Fisher Bishop of Rochester then prisoner in England for refusing to obey the Kings Decree which tooke away the Popes authoritie The Pope in making choice of him considered that hee honoured this promotion The Pope creaseth seuca Cardinals by putting in that number a learned man and well deseruing for the persecution which hée endured and that hauing increased his dignitie hee In which number was Iohn Fisher B. of Rochester would haue more respect with the King and more credit with the people But that Cardinals Cap profited that Prelate in nothing but to hasten his death which was giuen him 43. dayes after by cutting off his head in publike But howsoeuer the Pope made open demonstrations to desire such a Councell as might giue satisfaction and reduce Germanie yet all the Court and the Popes neerest friends who treated most secretly with him of these The Court was of opinion that Mantua was the fittest place for the Councell things said that it could not any where bee celebrated but in Italie because in no other place it could bee free and that in Italie no place could be chosen but Mantua Vergerius at his returne into Germanie deliuered the Popes Ambassage first to Ferdinand and then to those Protestants that came to that King about the present occurrences and at last hee made a iourney to treate with the others also He had no other answere from any of them but that they would consult together and resolue by common consent in their assembly which should bee called in the ende of the yeere The proposition of the The negotiation of Vergerius in Germanie Nuncio contained that that was the time for the Councels so much desired the Pope hauing treated with the Emperour and all the Kings to call it seriously not as formerly in appearance onely and that it may not bee deferred any more hee determined to chuse Mantua for the place according to the resolution taken with the Emperour two yeeres since Which being a Citie of the Emperours vassall placed neere his confines and the Venetians they might holde it for secure besides that the Pope and the Emperour would giue any greater caution whatsoeuer That it was not necessarie to resolue or speake of the manner and forme of treating in the Councell because this would better bee done in the Councell it selfe when it shall bee called That it could not bee celebrated in Germanie which abounded with Anabaptists Sacramentaries and other sects for the most part both foolish and furious Therefore that it would not bee secure for other nations to goe where that multitude is potent and to condemne their doctrine That to the Pope it is all one to call it in any other Country whatsoeuer but hee would not seeme to bee inforced and to haue that authoritie taken from him which he hath inioyed so many ages to prescribe the place of generall Councels In this iourney Vergerius found Luther at Wittenberg and treated with He treateth with Luther him very courteously vpon these tearmes inlarging and amplifying them very much And first hee assured him that the Pope and Colledge of Cardinals esteemed him exceedingly who were infinitely grieued for the losse of one who if he had been employed in the seruice of God and the Apostolicall Sea which are ioyned together might haue brought foo 〈…〉 inestimable fruit and that they would doe whatsoeuer they could to regaine him Hee told that the Pope blamed the rigiditie of Caietan and that the Cardinals did no lesse that hee might expect all fauour from that holy Sea and that the rigor of Leo which hee vsed by the instigation of others not of his owne disposition displeased all men Hee added also that hee would not dispute with him of the controuersies because hee professed not Diuinitie but that by common reason hee could shew him that it was good to reunite himselfe with the head of the Church For considering that his doctrine comming to light and being published within these eighteene yeeres had raysed innumerable sects of which the one detesteth the other and so many popular seditions with the death and banishment of so great multitudes it could not bee concluded that it came from God But one might well assure himselfe that it was pernitious
iusticed they should doe their businesse with too much feare Notwithstanding the Pope forsooke not his resolution but found a temper neuer vsed by any of his predecessors to lift vp the thunderbolt with his hand and to threaten to shoote yet to hold it without flinging it abroad and so to satisfie the Cardinals the Court and others and not to put the Papal authoritie in hazard Therefore he framed a Processe and most seuere sentence against that King the thirtieth of August 1535. and withall suspended the publication during his pleasure Yet secretly he let the copie goe into the hands of some that hee knew would cause it to bee deliuered to the King dispersing the rumor of the Bull that was framed and the suspension with fame that very suddenly hee would remooue the suspension and come to publication yet with deseigne neuer to proceede so farre And though hee wanted not hope that the King either for feare of the excommunication framed or by the inclination of his people or by the satietie of punishments vsed against those that disobeyed his Decree would induce himselfe or by the mediation of the Emperour or French King when by reason of the occurrences of the world hee should bee constrained to vnite himselfe with either of them would bee induced to yeeld yet he was principally mooued by the forenamed cause that he might not shew the weakenesse of his weapons and more confirme the King in his separation But in the end of three yeeres hee changed his purpose by reason of the prouocation which the King seemed to vse against him by sending out manifests against all his callings of the Councell and by opposing his actions though without particular offence of his person and lastly by hauing prosecuted cited condemned S. Thomas of Canterbury for a traitour to the The King of England senteneeth S. Thomas Bec 〈…〉 kingdome with confiscation of goods whom Alexander the third canonized in the yeere 1171. for being slaine in defence of the Ecclesiasticall power and liberty whose solemne feast the Church of Rome doth annually obserue which sentence was executed by taking the bones out of the graue which were publikely burned by the hangman and the ashes sprinkled in the riuer putting his hands into the treasures ornaments and reuenues of the Churches dedicated to him which was to touch a secret of the Popedome of farre greater importance then the matter of the Councel Whereunto ioyning some hope which hee conceiued from the conference with the French King which was that he would assist the malecontents of England so soone as hee was free from the warres with the Emperour the 17. of December he brandished the thunder-bolt of excommunication made three yeeres before and opened his hand to cast it forth which all this while was readie to doe it The causes alleadged were in substance these The diuorce obedience The causes of the excommunication and the punishments taken away the death of the Cardinall of Rochester and the proceeding against S. Thomas The punishments to the King were depriuation of his Kingdome and to his adherents of whatsoeuer they possessed commanding his Subiects to denie him obedience and strangers to haue any commerce in that kingdome and all to take armes against and to persecute both himselfe and his followers granting them their states and goods for their prey and their persons for their slaues But how much the Popes Briefe was esteemed and his commandements The excommunication was generally contemned obserued the leagues confederations peaces treaties which by the Emperour French King and other Catholique Princes were made with that King doe euidently declare In the beginning of the yeere 1539 new controuersies being raised in 1539 Germanie about religion and perhaps by men ofbad intentions who vsed it but for a pretence there was an assembly held in Francfurt whither the An assembly is helde in Francfurt about religion Emperour sent a commissioner and after long disputation there it was by his consent concluded the 19. of April that there should bee a conference in Noremberg the first of August to create quietly and louingly of Religion 1539 PAVL 3. 1. C 〈…〉 15. HENRY 8. 3. F 〈…〉 where on the one side and the other besides the Doctors other persons of wisedome were to be present sent by the Emperour King Ferdinand and other Princes to superintend at the colloquie and deale betweene the parties and what was determined by common consent should be signified to all the orders of the Empire and ratified by the Emperor in the next Diet. The Catholikes would haue the Pope intreated to send also some person to the conferent 〈◊〉 but the Protestants thought it contrary to their protestation and therefore it was not done This newes of the assembly being arriued at Whereat the Pope was much offended Rome the Pope was offended as well because there should be a treatie about Religion in Germanie as because it derogated from the credit of the Councell intimated though hee cared very little to haue it celebrated and more particularly because there was a dispute to admit of one to bee sent by him and in the end his authoritie wholly reiected Therefore hee suddenly dispatched into Spaine the Bishop of Monte Pulciano whose principall message was to perswade the Emperour not to confirme yea rather to annihilate the Decrees of that Diet. The Nuncio had a great and long instruction first to complaine grieuously He sendeth a Nuncio to the Emperor of the demeanor of Iohn Vessalius Archbishop of London his Commissary who forgetting his oath made to that Sea and infinite Benefits receiued from the Pope and the instruction giuen him by the Emperour had consented to the demands of the Lutherans with preiudice of the Apostolique Sea and dishonour of his imperiall Maiestie That London was corrupted with gifts and promises the Citie of Ausburg hauing giuen him 250. thousand Florins of gold and the King of Denmarke promised him 4. thousand Florins yeerely out of the fruits of his Archbishoprique of London which was taken from him That he thought to take a wife and forsake the Church A Citie in Denmarke and had neuer entred into holy orders The Nuncio had commandement to shew to the Emperour that if the things which London had graunted were confirmed by him they would shew that hee was not a sonne of the Apostolique Sea and that all the Catholique Princes of Germanie complained thereof and were of opinion that his Maiestie would not confirme them Hee gaue order also to propose vnto him his interests concerning the Dutchie of Ghelderland and the election of the King of the Romans to moue him the more putting him also in minde that hee could not haue Germanie at his disposition by tolerating the Lutheran heresies as London and others did perswade For it is a thing long since knowen that principalities cannot in likelihood be preserued where Religion is lost or where two religions are suffered
That this happened to the Emperors of the East who hauing abandoned the obedience due to the vniuersall Bishop of Rome lost their forces Kingdoms That the cunning of the Lutherans was manifest who haue proceeded maliciously with his Maiestie and that vnder the colour of establishing their Religion they doe euer procure something else That an example thereof was the Diet of Spira in the yeere 1526 of Noremberg 1532 and of Calano 1534. when the Duke of Wittenberg regained the Dutchie which shewed that those commotions of the Landgraue and the Lutherans were not for religion but to take that state from the King of the Romanes That hee should put him in minde that when hee made an accord with the Lutherans the Catholique Princes would not endure such a disorder that his Maiestie should haue more power ouer them then ouer the Protestants and would thinke vpon new remedies That there are many other lawfull and honest wayes to reduce Germanie the Pope being resolued to afford him all possible ayde according to the proportion of his forces And when his Maiestie shall haue well thought thereon he will finde that these capitulations cannot bee approoued without making all Germany Lutheran which were wholly to depriue himselfe of authority For that Sect excludeth all superiority extolling liberty or rather licence aboue all That he should put into the Emperours head to augment the Catholique League and to take from the Lutherans their adherents as much as hee could and to send as much money as was possible into Germanie to promise and really to giue it to those that follow the Catholique league That it were good also vnder colour of Turkish affaires to send a competent number of Spaniards or Italians into those parts lodging them within the territories of the King of the Romans That the Pope was resolued to send some person to the Catholique Princes with money to gratifie those that shall be fit for his purpose That he should exhort Caesar to make such an Edict as the King of England made in his Kingdome causing a rumour to bee spread cunningly that his Maiestie negotiated with the sayd King to reduce him to the obedience of Rome The Pope gaue commission also to the sayd Montepulciano to complaine to the Emperour that his sister Queene Mary Gouernesse of the low Countries secretly fauoured the Lutherane part that shee purposely sent The Nuncio complaineth against the Emperors sister Gouernesse of the low Countries men vnto them that when the Catholique league was to be established shee wrote to the Elector of Triers that hee should not enter into it and so that good worke was crossed that shee hindered the Lord of Lauaur the French Ambassadour from going into Germanie to consult with the King of the Romanes and the Legate of his Holinesse about religion which hee did beleeue proceeded notfrom her owne will but from the counsell of her bad ministers But because mention is made of the Edict of the King of England in matter The Edict of religion made by K. Henry the 8. of Religion it will not bee amisse to recount heere how Henry the eight in the time of the Diet of Francfort either because he thought to doe God seruice by not permitting innouation of religion within his Kingdome or to shew constancie in what hee had wrote against Luther or to giue the Pope the lie who laid an imputation vpon him in his Bull that hee had published hereticall doctrine in his Kingdome made a publique Edict whereby hee commanded that the reall presence of the true and naturall body and blood of our Lord Iesus Christ vnder the kindes of bread and wine there remaining no substance of those elements was to bee beleeued throughout all England as also that Christ was wholly contained vnder the one and the other kinde that the communion of the Cup was not necessary that it was not lawfull for Priests to marry that religious men after their profession and vowes of chastity were bound alwayes to keepe them and to liue in Monasteries that secret and Auricular confession was not onely profitable but also necessary that the celebration of Masse euen priuate was an holy thing which hee commanded should bee obserued in his Kingdome He prohibited all to doe or teach any thing contrary to these articles vpon paine to be punished as heretiques It is to bee marueiled at how the Pope who a little before thundered against that King was constrained to prayse his actions and to propose him to the Emperour for an ensample to be imitated So a mans proper interest makes him commend and blame the same person But the Pope after hee had dispatched Montepulciano seeing that by calling the Councell and after deferring it though hee entertayned the world yet hee lost reputation thought it necessary to leaue that ambiguous proceeding which howsoeuer it had giuen men satisfaction heeretofore yet in A consultation about the Councel progresse of time it might produce some sinister effect And hee made a secret resolution to declare himselfe and to forsake ambiguities and in the consistory hauing related what had happened and proposed that it was necessary to make a constant and firme resolution hee put the matter in consultation Some of the Cardinals to deliuer themselues from feare which euery other day amazed them did not approoue the suspension but desired an expresse declaration that there should bee no Councell at all because it appeared not how the difficulties could bee ouercome before there was a reconciliation betweene Princes a necessary meanes without which there was no hope it could bee celebrated But the wiser sort were balanced betweene this and another feare that there might bee Nationall Councels or other remedies vsed more offensiue to them then a generall Synode and therefore the maior part gaue consent for the suspension during pleasure thinking that when it should seeme not fit to bring it to effect it might bee continued by pretending the discord betweene Princes or some other thing and that if there happened any danger of a Nationall Councell or of Colloquies or ought else it might bee remooued by promoting the Generall Councell and assigning vnto it place and time and afterwards it might bee called or let alone as time should aduise The match was made and a Bull The Councel intimated is suspended during pleasure was framed the thirteenth of Iune by which the Councell intimated was suspended during pleasure of the Pope and the Apostolicall Sea But Montepulciano the Nuncio who went into Spaine executed his commissions with the Emperour who either for the cause alledged by the Nuncio or for some respects of his owne declared not himselfe whether hee dissented or assented to the Colloquie appointed to be held at Noremberg in August Afterwards by reason of his wiues death and the rebellion of Gant with part of the low Countries hee had occasion by pretending affaires of greater importance to leaue the matter in suspence and so
Emperours cunning who assayed to incite the Pope against him he coused the Lutheranes to be really proceeded against and commanded that a forme to discouer and accuse them should bee instituted in Paris proposing punishments to the councealors of them and rewards to the delators Afterwards hauing full notice what Caesar had written to the Pope he wrote also He writeth also to the Pope against the Emperour vnto him a long apologie for himselfe and an inuectiue against the Emperour vpbraiding him with the surprise and sacke of Rome and with the derision added to the losse by making processions in Spaine for the Popes deliuery whom himselfe kept prisoner Hee discoursed of all the offences betweene himselfe and the Emperour and laid all the blame on him Hee concluded that it could not bee ascribed to him that the Councel of Trent was hindered or foreslowed because hee gained nothing by it and that this was farre from the examples of his ancestors by whose imitation hee vsed all endeauours to preserue religion as the edicts and executions made in France did very well demonstrate Therefore hee prayed his Holinesse not to beleeue the calumnies and to assure himselfe that hee should finde him ready to assist him in all occasions either of his owne or of the Church of Rome The Pope not to preiudice the office of a common Father whereof his predecessours did euer make ostentation sent Legats to both the Princes to mediate a pacification Cardinall 〈◊〉 to the Emperour and 〈◊〉 to The Pope as deth 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 or paci 〈…〉 the French King to pray them to forget priuate iniuries for the publique cause and to bee reconciled that their discords may not hinder the peace of religion To Cardinall Contarini who immediatly dyed he substituted Cardinall Cardinal Contarini dieth Viseus whereat the Court 〈…〉 led because hee was not gracious with the Emperour to whom he was sent And though the warre waxed hote in so many places yet the Pope thinking that the wronged his reputation The Pope sendeth 3. Legats to Trent 154 〈…〉 if he went not on with the Councell the 26 of August this yeere 1542. sent his Legats to Trent to the Synode which he had intimated Peter Paule Parisius Iohn Morone and Reginald 〈◊〉 the first as a learned and practised Canonist the second as a man fit for negotiation the third to shew that howsoeuer the King of England was alienated from the subiection of Rome yet the kingdome had a great part in the Councel To these he dispatched the mandat of the Legation commanding them to goe thither and to entertaine the Prelates and Ambassadours who came vnto them without making any publike act before they had receiued instructions which hee meant to send them in time conuenient The Emperour also vnderstanding the deputation of the Legats though The Emperor sendeth Ambassadours and Prelats to Trent and so doth the Pope but the Councell doth not begin as the case did then stand he hoped for no good yet that the Pope might do nothing to his preiudice he sent thither for his Ambassadours Don Diego his resident in Venice and Nicholas Granuel together with his Sonne Anthony Bishop of Arras and somefew Bishops of the kingdome of Naples The Pope besides his Legats sent thither some Bishops whom he esteemed most faithfull with order not to make too much hast in their iourney As well the Popes men as the Emperours arriued at the time appointed These presented to the Legats the Emperours mandat and desired that the Councel should be opened and the businesse begun The Legats make delay and said that it would be a dishonour to the Councell to begin it with so small a number especially where Articles of so great importance were to be handled as were those which the Lutherans did question The Imperialists replied that the matter of reformation might well bee handled which was more necessarie and not subiect to so many difficulties The others alleaged that it must bee applyed to the vse of diuers Nations so that the assistance of all was more necessarie therein In fine they passed to protestations to which the Legates not answering but referring the answere to the Pope no conclusion at all was made Granuell is sent to the 〈◊〉 in Noremberg and Don Dieg remaineth in Trent The end of that yeere approching the Emperor gaue order to Granuell to go to the Diet which was to be held in Noremberg in the beginning of the next and to Don Diego to remaine in Trent and to labour that the Councel should begin or at the least that those that were assembled should not depart that in the Diet he might make vse of that shadow of the Councell In Noremberg Granuel proposed the warre against the Turkes and that the Emperor might bee assisted against the French King The Protestants replied demanding that 1543 PAVL 3. C 〈…〉 HENRY 8. FRANCIS 1. the differences of Religion might be composed and the oppressions which the ludges of the Chamber vsed against them vnder other pretences though indeed for that cause might be taken away Granuel answered that it neither could nor ought to be done in that place and time because a Councell was assembled in Trent to that end But the excuse was in vaine because the Protestants The Protestants refuse to go to Trent and D. Diego returneth to Venice approued not the Councell and sayd plainely that they would not be there The Diet ended without conclusion and Don Diego returned to his Ambassage at Venice though the Legats intreated that to giue reputation to the businesse he would entertaine himselfe there vntill they receiued answer from the Pope The Emperours Ambassadour being gone the Bishops of the Empire followed The Legats being left alone were recalled and all the others hauing leaue to depart vnder diuers colours at the last the Legats after they had beene there seauen moneths without doing anything were recalled by the Pope And this was the end of that Congregation The Emperor being parted from Spaine by sea to go into Germany by the way of Italy the Pope resolued to speake with him some where and desired it should be in Bolonia And to this end he sent Peter Aloisius his sonne to Genua to inuite him But because his Maiestie would not goe out of his way not loose time in his voyage he sent the Cardinall Farnese to meet him and pray him to goe by the way of Parma where the Pope might expect him But after there being difficultie how the Emperour might enter into that Citie the twenty one of Iune 1543. they met in Busseto a Castle belonging to the Palauicini scituate vpon the riuer Tarus betweene Parma and Piacenza 1543 The Pope and Emperour meete in Busseto The ends of them both suffered not that the businesse of the Councell and of Religion should be the principall treatie betweene them But the Emperour being wholly bent against the French King
laboured to incite the Pope against him and to haue money from him for the warre The Pope seruing himselfe vpon this occasion was wholy set vpon the gaining The Pope seeketh to gaine Milan of Milan for his Nephewes wherein hee was assisted by Margarite bastard daughter to the Emperour married to Octauius Farnese the Popes Nephew and in that respect made Dutchesse of Camerino The Pope promised the Emperour to combine with him against the French King to make many Cardinals of his nomination to pay him for some yeeres 150000. crownes leauing also in his hands the Castles of Milan and Cremona But because the Imperialists required a million of ducats for the present and another million vpon short dayes of payment nothing could bee concluded and in regard the Emperour could not longer tarrie it was agreed to continue the treatie by meanes of the Popes Ministers who should follow the Emperour Caesar shewed he was satisfied with the Councell that by the sending of Legats and assistance of those few Prelats the Catholiques of Germany at the least had knowen his ready mind and because the impediments might be imputed to the French King he concluded that the remedie He mistrustes the Emperour and turneth to the French King was not to be thought vpon vntill it did appeare how the warre proceeded They parted with great demonstrations of mutuall satisfaction yet the Pope mistrusted the Emperour and from that time turned his mind toward the French King But while he was thus doubtfull the league betweene the Emperour and the King of England against France was published which constrained the Pope wholly to alienate himselfe from him For hee saw how much that league preiudiced his authoritie being contracted with one excommunicated anathematized by him cursed destinated to eternall damnation a schismatique depriued of his Kingdome and dominions whose confederation A league betweene the Emperour and King of England made with whom soeuer was void against whom also all Christians Princes were bound by his commandement to take armes and which most imported that still remaining more contumacious and openly despising his authoritie The Pope was much offended with the league this euidently shewed to the world that the Emperour bare no respect vnto him neither spirituall nor temporall and gaue example to all to make no account of his authoritie And the affront seemed to him the greater because Clement who might easily haue temporized in that cause to please the Emperour and for his interests had proceeded against that King who otherwise was well affected and deserued well of the Apostolike Sea To weigh downe these offences the Pope put in the other ballance that the French King had made so many lawes and edicts before named to preserue religion and his authoritie Vnto which was added that the Parisian Diuines the first of August assembling the people by the sound of a Trumpet published fiue and twentie heads of Christian doctrine proposing the bare conclusions and determinations without adding reasons perswasions or grounds but onely prescribing as it were by authoritie what they would haue beleeued which were printed and sent through all France confirmed by the Kings letters vnder most grieuous punishments against whosoeuer spake or taught other wise with another new Decree to make inquisition against the Lutherans These things the rather pleased the Pope because he knew the King did them not so much for the reason related before that is to iustifie himselfe to the world that hee made not warre with the Emperour to fauour the Lutherans doctrine nor to hinder their extirpation but principally to please him and for reuerence of the Apostolicall Sea But the Emperour knowing the Popes complaints answered that the The Emperors answere to the Popes complaints French King hauing made a League with the Turke to the preiudice of Christians as the siege of Nizza in Prouence made by the Ottoman Armie guided by Polinus the Kings Abassadour and the spoiles taken in the riuers of the Kingdome well shewed it was lawfull for him to vse for his defence the helpe of the King of England a Christian though he acknowledge not the Pope as also by the same Popes leaue himselfe and Ferdinand vsed the assistance of the Protestants more auerse from the Apostolike Sea then that King that the Pope vnderstanding the League of the French King with the Turke should haue proceeded against him But hee saw well what difference was made For the Turkisharmie which had so much damnified all the Christians wheresoeuer it went passed friendly by the Popes riuers yea going to Ostia to take in the fresh water on S. Peters day at night for which all Rome was in confusion the Cardinall of Carpi who commanded in the Popes name that was absent put them out of feare being secure by the intelligence which he had with the Turkes The warre and these complaints put to silence the treaties about the 1544 PAVL 3. 〈◊〉 CHARLES 〈◊〉 HENRY 〈…〉 FRANCIS 〈◊〉 councel for this yeere which the next 1544 returned into the field began in the Diet of Spira where the Emperour rehearsing the paines which he formerly took to remedy the discords in religion finally the care diligence vsed in Ratisbon be put them in mind how it not being then possible to compose the controuersies all was finally referred to a general or National Councel 1544. The treaty a 〈…〉 both the Couâ—cell began againe in the Diet of 〈…〉 or a Diet and that afterwardes the Pope at his instance had intimated the Councel where himself resolued to be in person would haue performed it if the war of France had not hundered him But now in regard the discord in religion remaineth the same is accompained with the same inconueniences it is not time to deferre the remedy any longer for which he gaue order they should consider and propose to him what way they thought to be best The businesse of religion was much considered on But because the affayres of the warre pressed them more it was referred to the Diet which was to bee celebrated in December and in the meane space a Decree was made that the Emperour should giue charge to some honest and learned men to write a forme of reformation and that all the Princes should doe the same that all being conferred together that might bee determined in the Diet by common consent which was to be obserued vntil the future generall Councell to be held in Germany or vntill a Nationall In the meane space that all should remaine in peace without raising any tumult for Religion and the Churches of the one and the other should enioy their goods This Recesse did not generally please the Catholikes but some of them because they inclined to the Protestants opinion approoued this middle way Those that were not contented seeing their number to be small resolue to endure it But the warre went on still and the Popes disdaine conceiued for the league with
exclude the Arch-bishop of Collen sent two Commissaries to assemble all the orders of his Sate and to cause them to abandon him and to receiue for their Arch bishop Prince Adolphus his coaiutour yeâ—lding obedience and swearing side litievnto him The Cleargie was readie to doe it for the causes before recited but the Nobilite and Ambassadours of the Cities refusing saying they could not abandon a Prince vnto whom they had sworhe The Duke of Cloues bordering vpon him sent to the Arch bishop and caused 〈◊〉 â—â—of the Nobilitie to go thither also to pray him to find a mea 〈…〉 that the whole State might not bee dissolued with the great dammage of the neighbour 1547 PAVL 3. CHARLES 5. EDVVARD 6. FRANCIS 1. Who doth generously renounce his state Countries The Arch-bishop mooued with compassion to free the State from warre and that the innocent people might not suffer did generously renounce the State and absolue his subiects from the oath and so Adolphus was receiued for his successor whom he had alwaies loued as his brother and communicated to him whatsoeuer hee had done for reformation of the Church who was now of another opinion either because hee was truely changed or for some other respect In February newes came to Trent of the death of the King of England Thanks giuen to God and great ioy in Trent for the deâ—th of the K. of England which happened the moneth before The Fathers gaue thankes to GOD and went almost all to the Bishop of Worcesten congratulating that himselfe and the kingdome were as they sayd deliuered from the tyrannie of a cruell persecutor saying it was a miracle that he had left a sonne of but nine yeeres of age that he might not be able to tread in his Fathers steps And it is true that hee did not tread in them all For Henry though he had wholy taken away the Popes authoritie and punished his adherents capitally yet hee did euer constantly retaine all the residue of the doctrine of the Church of Rome But Edward for so his sonnes name was gouerned by his Vncle on the mothers side the Duke of Somerset who was inclined to the doctrine of the Protestants changed religion as shall be said in its place The Popes letters being come the Cardinall Sancta Croce was of opinion that it was good to mollifie the Prelates combined by granting some of the petitions which were granted from Rome thinking they would easily bee pacified with that determination The Cardinall of Monte sayd that to condescend to an inferior especially to a multitude was to make them pretend a greater satisfaction that first he would try his friends when he found he was fortified with the greater number hee would not retire an inch but if he found it otherwise hee would vse art After many discourses as it hapneth betweene Colleagues Sancta Croce yeelded to Monte who was more passionate They receiued aduise that the absent Prelates would bee returned before the end of February whose minds were sounded and many of them were found to adhere to the Pope These being confirmed with hope and others ensnared with the same baite that the Pope would take notice of euery A decree containing 15. heads is proposed in Congregation ones merit they caused the decree to be made with fifteen heads and proposed it in Congregation By this greater difficulties were raised In the Proheme by this exception Sauing alwaies the Apostolicall authoritie in all things Euery foole saw at what it aymed and that it inferred a pertinacious obstinacie in the abuses which they ought to remedie by preseruing their causes Yet none durst oppose but the Bishop of Badacoz who said it had need of declaration because And is there opposed the Councell ought not nor could impeach the authoritie of any much lesse of the Apostolike Sea acknowledged for Head of all the Catholiques But it seemed that the words there placed did signifie that in Rome the proceeding should be in those things as before and that the moderation should not haue power ouer dispensations and other inuentions by which the authoritie of the old Canons hath beene alwayes weakened In defence of the exception it was said that the Lawes of Councels are not as the Lawes naturall where equitie and rigour are the same thing that they are subiect to the common defect of all Lawes which by reason of their vniuersalitie ought to be moderated by equitie in cases not foreseene when it would bee vniust to put them in execution But because there is not alwayesa Councell to which recourse may be had nor it being possible to attend this when there is one the Popes authoritie is necessarie It was replyed that though all Lawes haue the defect of vniuersalitie yet all were published without exceptions that so they should now doe or otherwise it were as much as to say that ordinarily and not onely in rare cases and not foreseene the Pope might dispence with the contrary This opinion was not openly approoued by all who in their conscience But the opposers are 〈…〉 ced thought it true whereupon the Legat Monte taking courage sayd it was a subtiltie not to attribute as much to the Apostolike Sea as they were bound and so he made them all silent The Bishop of Badacoz demaunded that mention should bee made in that Proheme that the Article of residencie was not quite left off but deferred onely The Legates answered that this was a distrust of their promises and a vaine Obligation to doe that which was alwayes in their power Yet to satisfie so great a desire hee sayd it should bee added in the Proheme that all was decreed in prosecuting the point of residencie which they had begun whereby it would appeare that it was not ended in the other Session and that part did remaine to be handled Concerning the Heads of the qualities of Bishops and other Curates the Discourses aboue the qualiues of Bishops and Curates Arch-bishop Torre saide that they did not onely remedie the corruptions brought in but did weaken the ancient remedies For with such generall termes of age manners knowledge abilitie and worth euery one might bee canonized for an able man and to alleadge the decrees of Alexander was to nullifie all other Canons which prescribe other conditions For when one is alwayes named and the others purposely concealed it seemeth that there is some derogation to these that it was necessarie to say plainely what this grauitie of manners and knowledge of letters is which if it Were done euery Courtier would bee excluded for euer That the manners requisite are well repeated by Saint Paul and yet not regarded The learning and Doctorship which Paul requireth is the knowledge of Christian Doctrine and of the holy Writ that Honoriâ—s the third is not to be imitated who depriued a Bishop of the lower Saxâ—â—e because hee had not learned Grammar nor euer read Donatuâ— For the glosse saith he could not teach
it was necessary to make vse of that reseruation prolonging the Session now and not celebrating it to morrow The prorogation pleased all the Fathers the Cardinall added that hauing considered much of it they were not able to set downe a certaine day whereon to rest that when they were in Trent thinking to dispatch the Decree of Iustification in fifteene dayes they were faine to sweate in the businesse seuen moneths together oftentimes making two Congregations euery day that where the question is of faith and confounding the heretikes one ought to goe with leaden feete and often to employ much time in discussing a little word that one cannot know whether it will be necessary to celebrate the Session within few dayes or not within many moneths therefore that his opinion was to prorogue it during pleasure of the Councell and that this resolution was vndoubtedly the best And if any say that the prefixed time beeing knowen one might better dispose of his businesse these may assure themselues that it will appeare within few dayes what course and progresse the Synode is like to haue All were content it should be prorogued during the Councels pleasure and so they had leaue to depart The Prelats of Germany assembled in the Diet the very same day wrote The Prelates assembled in the Diet write to the Pope to restore the Synode to Trent to the Pope for so the Emperours pleasure was demanding that the Councell should be brought backe to Trent In the letter was mixture of prayers and threats It expounded the bad estate and danger of Germanie against which prouision might haue been made if the remedy of the Councell had been applyed in time and held in Germany as was desired For hauing ample iurisdictions they could not long remaine in remote places for which cause none went to Mantua or Vicenza and but few to Trent a Citie which belongeth also rather to Italy especially in time of warre Now all things beeing in peace they conceiued great hope that the shippe was safe in the hauen when beyond all expectation they vnderstood the Councell in which all their hope consisted was translated to another place or rather diuided Therefore beeing depriued of this remedy there did nothing remaine but to haue recourse to the Apostolique Church praying his Holynesse for the safetie of Germany to restore the Councell to Trent which if he did there was no seruice which hee might not promise himselfe from them and that otherwise they knew not whither to flee for ayde against the mischiefes and dangers that were imminent that therefore hee would vouchsafe to consider of their demaund and thinke that if hee made not prouision it was very possible they should thinke of other courses to put an end to these difficulties Praying his Holinesse to take their Letter in good part being compelled to write thus by their owne duety and by the condition of the times Moreouer the Emperour vsed all diligence that all should submit to the The Emperor obtaineth of the Princes and Granuel of the Cities a conditionall submission to the Councell Councell vrging praying and desiring them to relie vpon his credit His prayers to the Elector Palatine were a kinde of threats in regard of his former offence lately pardoned Maurice Duke of Saxonie was necessarily to yeeld because of so great benefits newly receiued from his Maiestie and because hee desired the enlargement of the Landgraue his wiues father Therefore the Emperor hauing promised they should haue due satisfaction and desiring them to trust vnto him they finally consented were followed by the Ambassadors of the Elector of Brandeburg and by all the Princes The Cities refused because they thought it very dangerous to submit themselues indifferently to all the Decrees of the Councell Granuel did negotiate very much and very long with their Ambassadors holding them obstinate in refusing what the Princes had approued adding some threats to condemne them in a greater summe then they had already payd Therefore they were compelled in fine to condescend to Caesars will yet with caution of obseruing the promises Being called before the Emperour and demanded if they would conforme themselues to the resolution of the Princes they answered they should be too bold if they went about to correct their answere and withall gaue vp a writing which conteined the conditions with which they would receiue the Councell This was taken but not read and they were commended in the Emperours name by his Chancellour for that they had referred all to Caesar as others had done and relied vpon him and the Emperour himselfe made shew to bee well pleased with it so the one and the other party was willing to be deceiued The Cardinall Sfondrato fayled not of his duety in proposing many aduantages The negotiation of Card. Sfondrato with the Emperour to the Emperour in case hee would consent to the Councell in Bolonia he shewed him in what confusions England was beeing vnder a King who was a childe whose gouernours were at variance and people in distrust one of another because of religion he discouered vnto him the intelligence which the Pope held in that Kingdome all which should bee to his fauour and that hee would assist him in that enterprise with men and ships and would giue him leaue to make vse of the Ecclesiasticall rents of all his States The Emperour knew the Popes aime was to intangle him in a new enterprise and so to trouble him in that which hee had already brought to a conclusion Therefore hee answered that hee would bee vnited with the Pope in religion but in point of warre was resolute to proceede alone and not to be his Captaine who would abandon him in the best time of seruice as he had done in the warre of Germanie And on the other side he proposed diuers aduantages to the Pope in case hee would consent to the returne of the Councell to Trent The Legate hauing answered he had no commission herein the Emperour sent indiligence the Cardinall of Trent to the Pope to negotiate the restitution of the Councell and other particulars which shall bee related The Pope hauing heard him often and not beeing able to discouer his intention did finally answere him that hee should speake hereof in the Consistery The Cardinall hauing the ninth of December in presence of the whole And of the Cardinall of Trent with the Pope Colledge declared what paines and dangers the Emperour had vndergone onely to maintaine the dignity of the Councelll and how finally by this diligence and authority hee had induced all the Princes and States of Germanie to adhere and submit themselues vnto it hee prayed his Holinesse in the name of Caesar Ferdinand and the whole Empire that for the loue of God he would cause the Bishops who were at Bolonia to returne to Trent to finish the necessary worke beginne and would bee pleased to send one or two Legates into Germany with full Pontificall power not
England about religion gained authority 〈…〉 gether with Thomas 〈◊〉 Archbishop of Canterbury did 〈◊〉 the Protestants and brought in some of their owne Doctors and hauing layd some foundation of doctrine especially amongst the Nobility they assembled the States of the Kingdome which they call a Parliament and by public decree of the King and of that banished the Masse For which a 〈…〉 popular sedition beeing made by those who required the restitution of the Edicts of Henrys 〈…〉 of the old Religion 〈…〉 and 〈…〉 arise in the Kingdome Saint Martins day beeing come 〈…〉 were great the 〈◊〉 Councel were held in many Cities and the 〈…〉 reformation of the Emperour was receiued changing th 〈…〉 onely as it 〈◊〉 med to agree best to the manner of decreeing in euery 〈◊〉 yet without prouision made for the execution and all 〈…〉 for 1549 1549 The Diocesan Councels are held and the Emperors reformation is receiued The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Councell of Collen onely the 〈…〉 〈…〉 of 〈…〉 The The Decrees where of the the Low Coutreys as being subiect to that Sea 〈…〉 of should 〈…〉 charging the Magi 〈◊〉 to 〈…〉 〈…〉 same stile who the third The Prouinciall Councell of Mentz wâ—â—ke 〈…〉 of his Pr 〈…〉 made 48. Decrees in doctrine of 〈…〉 In the poynts decided by 〈…〉 doctrine in others the more 〈…〉 points are remarkeable where In 〈…〉 point◠〈…〉 〈…〉 to be 〈◊〉 or haue D 〈…〉 me 〈◊〉 〈…〉 be doe shew how much the opinions of 〈…〉 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 after which 〈…〉 may 〈…〉 that Religion cannot be handled in a Nationall Councel And though one may ground himselfe more vpon diuers Prouinciall Councels of Africa Egypt of Syria and other parts of the East yet this being moderne though not of such consequence will perhaps more prouoke the Reader to marke it The Elector of Triers did celebrate also his Synode and other Metropolitanes not departing from the Communion of the Pope did all publish the Imperiall Edicts of Ausburg as well for the Interim of Religion as for the Other prouincial Councell are held Ecclesiasticall reformation The Nuncij destinated by the Pope the yeere before and deferred for the The Nuncij goe into Germany and are despised in all places causes aforesaid began their iourney for Germany who in euery place where they passed were despised euen by the Catholikes themselues so odious was the Popes name and the very habit of his Ministers in regard of his differences with the Emperour and of the courses hee tooke And finally in the end of May they went to Caesar into the Low Countreys where after long discussion how to execute the Popes commandements there being difficultie in euery proposition for one part or other in fine the Emperor resolued that hauing faculty from the Pope to substitute they should substitute the Bishops euery one in his owne Diocesse referring all to their consciences This match was not readily made by the Nuncij yet condescending at the last a substitution was printed in the name of the three Nuncij leauing a place for the name of the Prelate vnto whom it was to bee directed and inserting first the tenor of the Popes Bull and alleadging for cause of the substitution their not beeing able to bee in euery place they did communicate their authority with aduice not to grant the Communion of the Cup and vse of eating flesh but with great maturitie and euident profit prohibiting that ought should be payd for those Graces Caesar vndertooke to send them to whom and where it was fit and to what place soeuer hee addressed them hee gaue them to vnderstand that the proceeding should be with gentlenesse and dexterity There was very little vse of these faculties for those Their Faculties did but little good that continued in the Popes obedience had no need of them and those who were aliened did not onely not care for them but refused them also A few dayes after Ferentino departed Fano and Verona remained with Caesar vntill the Archbishop of Siponto was sent by Iulius the third as shall be sayd in its place At the same time the French King making his first entry into Paris the The French King maketh his first entry into Paris publisheth an Edict in fauour of the Roman religion fourth of Iuly caused a solemne procession to bee made and published an Edict rendring a reason thereof that hee did it to signifie vnto all that hee receiued the protection of the Catholike religion and of the Apostolike Sea and the care of the Ecclesiasticall order and that hee abhorred the nouitie of religion and testified to all his will to perseuere in the doctrine of the Church of Rome and to banish the new heretikes out of all his dominions and hee caused this Edict to be printed in French and sent it into all parts of his kingdome Hee gaue leaue also to his Prelates to make a prouinciall assembly to reforme the Churches which being knowen at Rome was thought to bee a bad example and might bee a beginning to make the French Church independant And vseth much seuerity against the Lutherans of the Church of Rome Hee caused also many Lutherans to bee put to death in Paris himselfe beeing present at the spectacle and in the beginning of the next yeere hee renewed the Edict against them laying grieuous punishments vpon the Iudges who were not diligent in detecting and punishing them But the Councell in Bolonia hauing slept two yeeres the seuenth of Nouember the Pope seeing a letter of Duke Octauius his nephew that hee would make an agreement with Ferrandus Gonzaga to enter into Parma which Citie the Pope caused to bee held in the name of the Apostolike Sea hee was so assaulted with perturbation of minde and anger that hee swooned The Pope dieth with passion and after some fewe houres comming to himselfe he fell into a Feauer whereof he dyed within three dayes This made Monte part from Bolonia The election of the new Pope to be at the Election of the new Pope and all the other Prelats to retire to their houses The custome is that the Cardinals doe solemnize the Obsequies of the defunct Pope nine dayes and enter into the Conclaue the tenth Then by reason of the absence of many they entred not vntill the 28. of the moneth The Cardinall Pacceco left not Trent vntill the Emperour vnderstanding of the Popes death gaue him order to goe to Rome where hee arriued many dayes after the Conclaue was shut vp The Cardinals being assembled to create the Pope and making capitulations according to the custome which euery one sweareth to obserue in case hee shall bee elected the first was to prosecute the Councel Euery one thought the new Pope would haue been elected before Christmas For the holy gate for the Iubile of the next yeere 1550. beeing to be opened on the Eue of the Feast at which the Popes presence was necessary and there beeing that yeere
onely in Rome but throughout all Italie of the immense number of the Christians in those parts and how much the lists of the Apostolique Sea were enlarged And particularly they spake of the great number of Churches in the Citie Muzal which they sayd was the old Assur vpon the riuer Tigris from which Niniue renowmed for the preaching of Ionas was not farre distant situated beyond the riuer Vnder this iurisdiction they put Babylon Tauris and Arbela famous for the battaile betweene Darius and Alexander with many Countreys of Assyria and Persia They found also the ancient Cities named in the Scripture and Ecbatan which the stories doe call Seleucia and Nisibi They sayd that this man elected by all the Bishops was sent to the Pope for confirmation accompanied with seuenty persons as farre as Ierusalem and from thence by three of whom one died and another remained sicke in the iourney and the third called Calefi came with him to Rome All these things were printed and very curiously read The Pope receiued another also named Marderius a Iacobite of Assyria sent by the Patriarch of Antioch to acknowledge the Apostolique Sea and giue it obedience and make profession of the Romane faith But the world beeing satiated with the former did not care for this second After these shadowes of obedience which the Sea of Rome gained there succeeded one reall and of great importance which did abundantly recompence The King of England dieth whatsoeuer was lost in Germanie The sixt of Iuly 1553 Edward King of England died of the age of sixteene yeeres Fifteene dayes before he made a Will with approbation of his Councell wherein hauing declared that it did belong to him to name the Successour according to the lawes of the Kingdome he excluded his sisters Mary and Elizabeth because their legitimation was doubted of and all the posterity of Margaret his fathers elder sister as strangers not borne in the kingdome and named her Queene who followed in order that is Iane of Suffolke grand-childe to Mary formerly Q. of France and younger sister to his father Henry 8. by her daughter notwithstanding that the sayd Henry had in his last Will substituted Mary and Elizabeth which substitution hee sayd was pupillary and did not binde him now hee was of age Iane was proclaimed Queene in London and Mary retiring her selfe into Iane is proclaimed Queene Norfolke that shee might commodiously passe into France if there were occasion named her selfe Queene also and was finally accepted by all the kingdome alleadging in her fauour the Testament of Henry and that of a Matrimony contracted bona fide though there bee a nullity in it the issue is legitimate Iane and her adherents were imprisoned and Mary entred into But Mary obtaineth the Crowne London and was receiued with a generall applause and proclaimed Queene of England and France and had the title of Head of the Church Shee presently set the prisoners at liberty which her father had put into the Tower 1553 IVLIVS 3. CHARLES 5. Q. MARY HENRY 2. A sedition in London about Religion partly for Religion and partly for other causes A little after her entry there arose a sedition in London by occasion of one who tooke the boldnesse to preach Popery and of another who did celebrate the Masse To appease this trouble which was very considerable the Queene caused an Edict to be published that she would liue in the Religion of her Ancestors and therefore would not permit that any thing should bee preached to the people but that which formerly had been Afterwards the eleuenth of October shee was crowned with the vsuall ceremonies The Pope aduertized hereof considering that shee was brought vp in the Catholique Religion interrested in the respects of her mother and cousin by blood vnto the Emperour hoped he might make some entrie into the Kingdome and therefore did make Cardinall Poole his Legate thinking because hee was of the blood royall and The Pope maketh Cardinall Poole his Legat for England of an exemplary life he was the onely instrument to reduce that Kingdome to the Church of Rome The Cardinall who had been banished by publique Decree and depriued of his honour thought it not fit to begin the enterprise before he fully vnderstood the state of things beeing assured that the maior part was still deuoted to the memory of Henry Hee therefore sent into England secretly Giouanni Francesco Comendone to enforme him and wrote a Letter to the Queene in which commending her perseuerance in Religion in the times of her troubles hee exhorted her to continue in the times of her happinesse recommended vnto her the saluation of the soules of those people and the restitution of the true worship of GOD. Comendone hauing obserued euery particular and found meanes to speake with the Queene though compassed and garded on euery side perceiued shee had neuer beene auerse from the Romane faith and had promise from her that shee would labour to restore it into the whole Kingdome which the Cardinall vnderstanding put himselfe into the voyage In England after the Coronation a Parliament was held in which the A Parliament is held the diuorce of Henry the 8. declared to be vnlawfull diuorce of the Queenes mother Katherine of Aragon was declared to be vnlawfull the marriage good and the issue legitimate which was obliquely to restore the Popes supremacie in regard it could not be good without the validitie of the dispensation of Iulius the second and by consequence not without the supremacie of the Sea of Rome It was ordained also that all the constitutions in matter of religion made by Edward should be abrogated and Popeâ—y is established that religion obserued which was in vse at the death of Henry In this Parliament they treated of marrying the Queene though shee were aboue fourty yeeres of age and three were named Poole who had not taken holy Orders And the marriage of the Queene is treated on though he was a Cardinall and Courtney both of the blood Royall and first Cousins of Henry the eight in an equall degree this of the white Rose grand child of Edward the fourth by his daughter and that of the red Rose Nephew to Henry the seuenth by his sister both acceptable to the Nobilitie of England Poole for wisedome and sanctifie of life and Courtney for his louing behauiour and carriage But the Queene preferred Philip Prince of Spaine before these aswell for the treaties made by her cousin Charles the Emperour her affection also inclining much more to the mothers side then to the fathers as because shee thought shee might better secure her owne and the Kingdomes peace with that marriage The Emperour who did much 1554 IVLIVS 3. CHARLES 5. MARY HENRY 2. Vntil the coÌ„clusion wherof the Emperour hindreth Poole in going into England desire to effect it fearing that Poole might disturbe it by his presence in England knowing hee was departed Legate made meanes
by Cardinall Dandinus the Popes Minister with himselfe that hee should not part out of Italie so soone saying that as yet an Apostolique Legate could not goe into England with honour But the Letter of Dandinus not taking effect and Poole beeing in his iourney as farre as the Palatinate hee sent Diego Mendoza to stop him by authoritie It seemed strange to the Cardinall and hee complayned that the Popes Legation was hindered with the damage of Christianitie and of the Kingdome of England and ioy of Germanie Therefore the Emperour not to giue so much matter of talke made him goe to Bruxels and entertayned him in Brabant vntill the marriage was ended and all things accommodated as hee would and for colour imployed him to treate a peace betweene himselfe and the French King In the beginning of the yeere 1554. the Emperour sent Ambassadours 1554. into England to make the conclusion and the Queene proceeding to fauour the olde Religion did the fourth of March publish other Lawes restoring the Latine tongue into the Churches forbidding married men to exercise holy Functions and giuing order to the Bishops not to make them sweare who were to bee receiued into the Clergie as Henrie had appointed that the King was supreme Head of the Church of England and that the Pope had no superioritie there but was Bishop onely of the Citie of Rome Shee ordayned also that the forme of Prayer instituted by Henrie where amongst other things God is prayed to deliuer that Kingdome from sedition conspiracie and tyrannie of the Pope should be razed out of all the Bookes of Rites and forbid to bee printed In April another Parliament was held in which consent was giuen to the contract of marriage where the Queene proposed the restitution of the Popes supremacie which shee could not obtaine because the Nobilitie did resist who considered not that they did vainely denie this demaund which was vertually contayned in their assent to the marriage Philip Prince of Spaine arriued The celebration of the marriage in England the eighteenth of Iuly and on Saint Iames day the Nuptials were celebrated and hee receiued the title of the King of Naples and did consummate the Matrimonie In Nouember there was a new Parliament in which Cardinall Poole was restored to his Honour and Countrey and two were sent to inuite and accompany him with whom hee passed into the Island and arriued at London the three and twentieth of Cardinall Poole commeth to London with the crosse carried before him And maketh an Oration in the Parliment Nouember with a siluer Crosse carryed before him At his first entrie into the Parliament hee made a discourse in English before the King Queene and Orders of the Kingdome Hee thanked them very much that hee was restored to his Countrey saying that in exchange he was come to restore them to the Countrey and Court of Heauen of which they were depriued by departing from the Church Hee exh 〈…〉 them to acknowledge the errour and receiue the benefit which God by his Vicar had sent them The discourse was very long and artificiall and the conclusion was that hee had the Keyes to bring them into the Church which they had shutte by making Lawes against the Apostolique Sea which when they did reuoke hee would open the doores vnto them The Cardinals person was well accepted and an apparant assent was giuen to his Proposition though the Maior part did secretly abhorre the qualitie of a Popes Minister and were grieued to come vnder the yoke againe But they had suffered themselues to bee carried so farre that they knew not how to returne The next day the re-vnion with the Church of Rome was decreed in The manner of the re-vnion with the Church of Rome Parliament and the manner was thus set downe That a Supplication should bee made in the Parliaments name wherein it should bee declared that they were very sorrie for hauing denyed obedience to the Apostolique Sea and for hauing consented to the Decrees made against it promising to endeuour heereafter that all those Lawes and Decrees should bee abolished and beseeching the King and Queene to intercede for them that they may bee absolued from the crimes and censures and receiued as penitent children into the bosome of the Church to serue God in obedience of the Pope and Sea of Rome The last of Nouember Saint Andrewes day their Maiestics the Cardinall and whole Parliament beeing assembled the Chancellour asked the generalitie whether they were pleased that pardon should bee demanded of the Legate and whether they would returne to the vnitie of the Church and obedience of the Pope supreme Head thereof and some saying yea and the others holding their peace a Supplication was presented to their Maiesties in the name of the Parliament which beeing publiquely read they rose to desire the Legate who mette them and shewed himselfe willing to giue them satisfaction and causing the authoritie giuen him by the Pope to bee read hee discoursed how acceptable to God the repentance of a sinner was and how the Angels did then reioyce for the conuersion of that Kingdome and all being on their knees imploring the mercie of God hee absolued them which beeing done hee went to the Church with all the multitude to giue thankes to God The next day an Ambassage was destinated to the Pope to render him obedience Ambassadors are appointed to goe to the Pope for which were named Anthony Browne Vicount Mountacute Thomas Thirlby Bishoppe of Ely and Edward Cerne who had formerly beene Ambassadour in Rome for Henrie the eight and was now to bee resident there againe in that charge Aduice heereof came to Rome For which Processions are made in Rome quickly for which many Processions were made not onely in that Citie but thorow out all Italic to giue thankes to God The Pope approoued what his Legate had done and sent a 〈◊〉 the foure and twentieth of December alleadging in the â—â—ll for a cause that like the Father of the familie hauing recouered his prodigall sonne it was meeâ—e that hee should not onely-shew â—othesticall ioy but generally inuite all to the same Iubilie and hee praysed and extolled the action of the King Queene and people of England The Parliament continued vntill the midst of Ianuarie 〈◊〉 and to the ancient Edicts of the Kings to punish heretickes and of the Iurisdiction of Bishops were renewed the Primacie and all prehertinences of the Pop restored all contrary Decrees made within twentie yeeres last past 〈◊〉 would Henrie as by Edward abolished the penall Lawes against heretickes reuiued and many were burned especially Bishops who would perseuere in the reformation abolished It is certaine that one hundred seuentie and sixe persons of qualitie were burned that yeere for Religion besides many of the common sort which gaue but little content to that people who also were displeased that Martin Bucer and Paulus Fagius dead foure yeeres before were cited and condemned as if
learned men Inhabitants of Rome whom himselfe did know were named and others put themselues forward to receiue this honour The Court was full of the expectation But dieth be fore anything was effected hauing sat but 22. dayes of many nouities which were all buried in silence because Marcelius first weakened by the paines he tooke in the long great ceremonies as hath bin said afterwards taken with an apoplexie dyed the last day of the month the other astrologicall predictions of his father and his owhe which were extended a yeere after that time being not verefied The Cardinals being assembled againe in the Conclaue hee of Ausburg assisted by Morene made great instance that among the capitulations which the Cardinals were to sweare vnto one should bee that the future Pope should by counsell of the Colledge call an other Synod within Two cap 〈…〉 lations one to cal another S◠councel within two years another not to make aboue 4. Cardinals within two years Iohn Peter Caraffa called Paul the 4 41◠created Pope two yeeres to finish the reformation begun to determine the controuersies of Religion that remained and to finde a meanes to cause the Councell of Trent to bee receiued in Germany And the Colledge of the Cardinals beeing full it was capitulated that the Pope should not create more then foure within two yeeres The three and twentieth day of the next Moneth Iohn Peter Caraffa who called himselfe Paulus Quartus was created the Imperialists resistng as much as they could For he was thought not to be the Emperours friend in regard of the old distastes which he receiued in the King of Spaine his Court where he serued eight yeares in the life time of the Catholique King Ferdinand and because the possession of the Archbishoprique of Naples was denyed him a few yeares before by the common inclination of the Barons of that Kingdome Whereunto was added the seueritio of his manners which made Of whose seueritie the Court is afraid the Court fad and put it in geater feare of reformation then it formerly had in the treaties of the Councell The strictnesse of his life concerning his person and familie he laid aside immediately after his creation For being demaunded by his Steward what diet hee would haue prouided for him hee answered such as befitteth a Prince and would be crowned with greater pompe then was vsuall affecting in all his actions to keepe his degree with magnificence and to appeare stately and sumptuous To his Nephewes and kinsmen hee was as indulgent as any of his Predecessors He affected to hide his seueritie towards others by shewing the greatest humanitie but within a short time hee returned to his owne naturall disposition Hee tooke it for a great glory that the three English Ambassadours The English Ambassadors are receiued in the first cōsistory after the coronation dispatched in the time of Iulius entred Rome the firstday of his Papacie and the first consistorie after the Coronation was publique The Ambassadours were brought into it who prostrating themselues at the Popes feete did in the name of the Kingdome acknowledge the faults committed relating them all in particular for so the Pope would haue it confessing they had beene vngratefull for so many benefits receiued from the Church and humbly crauing pardon for it The Pope did pardon them tooke them vp from the ground and imbraced them and to honour their Maiesties who sent them gaue the title of a Kingdome to Ireland graunting them this dignitie by the authoritie which the Pope hath from God being placed ouer all Kingdomes to supplant those that are contumacious and to build new Men of iudgement who then knew not the true cause of that action thought it a vanitie not seeing The Pope giueth to Ireland the title of a kingdom what profit either of authoritie or honour it might bring to a King to haue many titles in the Countrey which hee possesseth considering that the most Christian King is more honoured by the onely title of King of France then if his State were diuided into as many Kingly titles as hee hath Prouinces Neither did it then seeme a fitte time to say hee had power from God to build vp and ouerthrow Kingdomes But those that knew the true cause did not thinke it vaine but a secret vsually practised a long time Henrie the Eight after his separation from the Pope made Ireland a kingdome and called himselfe King of England France and Ireland which title continued by Edward was assumed by Marie and her Husband The Pope so soone as hee was created entred into a resolution that the title of Ireland should not bee vsed by those Princes affirming constantly that it belonged onely to him to Which was taken before without the consent of any Pope giue the name of a King But it seemed hard to enduce England to quit that which two Kings had vsed and the Queene not thinking much of it had continued Therefore hee found a temper that is to dissemble the knowledge of what Henry had done and himselfe to crect the Island into a Kingdome that so the world might beleeue that the Queene Popes haue often giuen that which they could not take frō the possessors had vsed the Title as giuen by the Pope not as decreed by her Father And the Popes haue often giuen that which they could not take from the possessors and to auoyd contentions some haue receiued their owne goods as gifts and some haue dissembled the knowledge of the gift or of the pretence of the giuer In the priuate discourses betweene the Pope and the Ambassadours hee found fault that the Church goods were not wholly restored saying that by no meanes it was to bee tolerated and that it was necessarie to render all euen to afarthing because the things that belong to God can neuer bee applyed to humane vses and hee that withholdeth the least part of them is in continuall state of damnation That if hee had power to grant them hee would doe it most readily The Pope commandeth the restitutiō of Church goods in England for his Fatherly affection which hee beareth to them and for the experience hee hath of their filiall obedience but his authoritie was not so large as that hee might prophane the things dedicated to GOD and let England bee assured that this would bee an Anathema and an contagion which by the iust reuenge of God would alwayes hold the Kingdome of England in perpetuall infelicitie He charged the Ambassadours to write thereof immediatly and was not content to speake of it once but repeated it as often as there was occasion Hee said also plainely that the Peterperce ought to be payd as soone as might bee and that according to the And the payment of Peter pence custome hee would send a Collector for that purpose that himselfe had exercised that charge three yeeres hauing beene sent into England for that end wherein hee was much edified
fauouring the Colonnesi and therefore spake very often disgracefully of them in the presence of all sorts of persons but most willingly when any Spanish Cardinall was present and at last commanded it should be written vnto them None of these proofes taking effect hee proceeded further and the three and twentieth day of Iuly made the Fiscal and Siluester Aldobrandinus the Consistoriall Aduocate appeare in the Consistory who declared that his Holinesse hauing excommunicated and depriued Marcus Antonius Colonna and prohibited vnder the same censures all sorts of persons to assist or fauour him and it being notorious that the Emperour and King Philip his The Pope maketh shew that he will proceed against the Emperor and his sonne sonne had furnished him with horse foote and money they were fallen into the punishments of the same sentence and had lost their Territories which they held in Fee Therefore they desired that his Holinesse would proceed to a declaratory sentence and giue order for execution The Pope answered that he would aduise of it by the counsell of the Cardinals and giuing them leaue to depart he proposed in Consistory what was fit to bee done in a case of so great importance The French Cardinals spake with much honour of the Emperour and King Philip but so that the Pope was more prouoked The Imperialists vsed words of an ambiguous sence fit to gaine time The Theatini the Popes owne Cardinals spake magnificently of the Papall authoritie and of the worth and wisedome of his Holinesse who onely knew how to finde a remedy for that maladie praising all that he had done and referring themselues vnto him for all the rest The Consistory being dismissed without a resolution the Pope knew that either hee must yeeld or come to a warre from which beeing not auerse in regard of his naturall disposition full of courage and hopes aduice came fitly to him from his Nephew of what was concluded in France So that the discourses of reformation and Councels were turned into parleys of money Souldiers and intelligences of which things as not pertaining to my purpose I will onely say as much as may shew what the Popes minde was and how much he was addicted to a true or at least to a colourable reformation of the Prouideth for warre Church The Pope armed the Citizens and inhabitants of Rome for the most part artisans and strangers to the number of 5000 distributing them vnder the Heads of the Rioni for so they were called hee caused many of his Cities to bee fortified and put garisons in them and the French King sent Wards or precincts him at his instance 3000. Gascons by sea that hee might subsist while the royall Army was prepared In these negotiations and preparations for warre the Pope imprisoned And imprisoneth many Cardinals Barons vpon suspicion and King Philip his Ambassadour many Cardinals Barons and others vpon suspicion as also Carsillasso di Vega Ambassadour of Philip King of England and Ioannes Antonius Tassis the Emperours Post-master And to the Duke of Alua who sent to protest against him for maintaining in Rome the fugitiues of the kingdome of Naples for laying hands on and keeping in prison publique persons without reason for hauing opened the Kings letters all which things hee had done adding that the King for preseruation of his honour and of the right of his people could not choose in case his Holinesse did perseuere in such offensiue actions but seeke reuenge for the iniurie he sent backe an answere that The Duke of Alua protesteth of the wrong done to his Master by the Pope and receueth a proud answere hee was a free Prince and superiour to all others not bound to giue any account but to demaund it of any whosoeuer that hee might entertaine any persons and open any letters which hee thought to bee written against the Church that if Carcillasso had done the office of an Ambassadour nothing should haue been done against him but hauing made treaties mooued seditions 1557 PAVL 4. CHARLES 5. MARY HENRY 2. plotted against the Prince to whom he was sent he had offended as a priuate man and as such should bee punished that no danger should make him bee wanting to the dignity of the Church and defence of that Sea referring all to GOD by whom hee was made shepheard of the flocke of CHRIST And the Pope still continuing to make prouision the Duke of Alua being resolued that it was better to assault then to bee assaulted sent another protestation against him that the King hauing endured so many iniuries knowing that the intention of his Holinesse was to dispossesse him of the kingdome of Naples and beeing assured that to this end hee had made a league with his enemies could not continue in those termes and therefore in regard his Holinesse did desire warre hee did denounce it against him and would begin it quickly protesting that the calamities thereof could not be imputed to him and laying the blame vpon the Pope But if he desired peace he did offer it likewise vnto him with all readinesse The Pope making a shew to desire peace but answering onely in generall termes to gaine time the Duke began to make warre the fourth of September and in the yeere 1556. possessed himselfe of almost all Campania holding it in the For which cause he moueth warre against him name of the next Pope and came so neere to Rome that he put all the Citie in feare and made them strengthen and fortifie it And the Pope to teach the Gouernours of strong places what they ought to doe in such cases compelled all the religious persons of what state or qualitie soeuer to carry earth with a dosser on their shoulders to raise the bulwarkes Amongst other places which had need of Rampards one was neere the gate of the people at the end of the way called Flaminia where there is a Church of our Ladie The Pope armeth the Regulars and purposeth to pull downe a Church of great deuotion of much deuotion which the Pope purposing to pull downe the Duke sent to pray him to let it stand giuing his word and oath that he would make no vse of the opportunitie of that place But the greatnesse of the Citie and other respects and dangers counselled him not assayling Rome to vndertake smaller enterprises It gaue much matter of discourse that this yeere Charles the Emperor The Emperor quitteth the world parted from Flanders and passed into Spaine to betake himselfe to a priuate life in a solitary place so that they made a comparison betweene a Prince trained vp from his infancie in the negotiations and affaires of the world who at the age of little more then fifty yeeres had resolued to quit the world and onely to serue God changed from a mighty Prince to a meane religious person and one who had formerly abandoned the Eiscopal charge to retire into a Monastery and now being at the age
one should amend himselfe because a good life is a vehement orator to perswade that the names of Lutheranes Hugonots and Papists no lesse factious then those of the Guelphes and Ghibilines were to be taken away and Armes to be taken against those who couer their auarice ambition and desire of innouation with the 〈◊〉 of religion Iohn Angelo aduocate in the Parliament of Bourdeaux spake for the third Iohn Angelo speaketh for the third Order Order he spake much against the bad manners and discipline of the Clergy noting their ignorance auarice and luxury as causes of all the euils and did much discourse vpon them in the end hee demanded that all might bee redressed by a sudden celebration of the Councell Iames Earle of Rochfort Iames Earle of Rochfort speaketh for the Nobility spake for the Nobilitie who amongst other things said that all the euill did arise from the large donations made by the King and other Grandies to the Churches especially of iurisdictions a thing much inconuenient that he that ought to giue himselfe wholly to prayer and preaching should exercise power ouer the liues and goods of the Kings subiects and that it was necessary to remedie these inconueniences And in the end hee gaue a petition demaunding in the name of the Nobility to haue publique Churches for their religion Iacobus Quintinus a Burgundian spake for the Clergie He said Iacobus Quintinus speaketh for the Clergie the States were assembled to prouide for the necessities of the Kingdome not to amend the Church which cannot erre which is without blemish or wrinkle and will alwayes remaine without corruption though the discipline in some small part may neede reformation Therefore those are not to bee hearkened vnto who renewing the Sects long since buried demand Churches apart from the Catholiques but are to bee punished as heretiques and doe not deserue that the King should heare them who ought to force all his Subiects to beleeue and liue according to the forme prescribed by the 1561 PIVS 4. FERDINAND ELIZABETH CHARLES 9. Church that those who haue forsaken the Kingdome for Religion ought not to be suffered to returne that those that are infected with hereâ—iâ— ought to be proceeded against capitally that the Ecclesiasticall discipline will easily be reformed if the Clergie be fried from paimene of Tâ—â—lls and elections restored to the Chapters it being obserued that in the yeere 1517 whâ—â—â—by the Concordate the nomination of Ecclesiasticall dignities was giuen to the The opinions of Luther began when the Concordate was made King the heresies of Luther began who was followed by Zainglius and others In the end hee demanded that all immunities and priuiledges of the Clergie should be confirmed and all grieuances remooued The King ordained that the Prelates should put themselues in order to goe to the Councell which was intimated at Trent commanded that all that The Ordinations of the King were in prison for Religion should be set at liberty their Processes 〈◊〉 the void their offences committed vntill that time pardoned and their goods restored He constituted a capitall punishment for those who gaue offence for matter of Religion either in words or deeds He admonished all to follow the rites vsed in the Church without making any innouation The residue was deferred vntill May next when the petition presented by Rotchfort was to bee considered of The Pope vnderstanding of the death of King Francis together with the aduice of the Cardinall Tornon that the Queene was ioyned with Nauar was troubled in minde fearing the raines would be more giuen to the Protestants Therefore hee sent Lorenzo Leutio Bishop of Eermo and caused the King of Spaine to send Io Manriques to condele with the Queene for the death of her sonne and to pray her to bee carefull of the Religion in which The Pope sendeth a NuÌ„cto to the Q. mother and the King of Spaine an ambassadour shee was borne and bred to remember the great benefits receiued from the Apostolique Sea by the meanes of Clement and not to suffer schisme to arise by too much licence nor to seeke remedies elswhere for the euils present and imminent but from the Church of Rome for which end the Councell was intimated that in the meane space she would take care that the Kingdome should not swarue from true piety and that no preiudice should bee done to the Councell intimated The yeere 1560 ended thus leauing some seedes from whence greater troubles did spring The next yeere Manriques came into France and deliuered 1561 his Ambassage Who hauing receiued from the Queene a piouâ— and fauourable answere concerning Religion and the Councell and speaking againe of the same subiect as occasion was offered did continually exhort her to proceed with punishments against the Hugonots adding threats also to his exhortations Nauarre contrary to all the Spanish desseignes did oppose The negotiation of the Spanish Ambassadour in regard of his preâ—ensions to the Kingdome of Nauarre Manriques did combine with the house of Guise and others who had the same desseigne to make him fauour the Catholiques the Pope and the Councell to propose vnto him the patronage of the Catholique Religion in France and that he would bee diuorced from his wife Ioan of Alibert Queene of Nauarre by inheritance and would retaine right to the Kingdome by the Popes authoritie of which shee should bee depriued for heresie by his Holinesse and would take to wife Mary Queene of Scots by whom hee should haue the Kingdome of England Elizabeth being depriued by the Popeâ— For effecting all this the Guisards promised him the Popes authority and the forces of the King of Spaine who for Nauarre would giue him the Kingdome of 〈◊〉 nia These things they continually represented vnto him in 〈◊〉 â—ormes euen vntill his death In Germanie the Princes of the Augustan Confession assembled 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 concerning the Councel especially in regard of the Councell being ashamed that their religion should bee esteemed a confusion for the variety of doctrines amongst the◠〈◊〉 propose that they might first agree in one and then resolue whether they ought refuse refuse or accept the Synode Concerning the first 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 said that the difference was not essentiall and that the Papists 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 substantially differ dissenting euen in the very foundations of Religion They laid the Augustan Confession was to bee the ground of their doctrine and if they differed in any point not contained therein it would bee of small 〈◊〉 But there beeing diuers Copies of that Confession which differed in regard of diuers additions made in diuers of them some approouing one and some another many thought they ought to take that onely which was presented to Charles in the yeere 1530. Where vnto 〈◊〉 of the Pulatinate did not consent except it were declared in a Proheme made vnto it that the other edition did agree with it The Duke of Saxonie answered they could
will not giue but receiue lawes referring to the conscience of his Nuncij to remit something of the old discipline if they thinke it may be done without publique scandall giuing them Faculty to absolue fully in both 〈…〉 persons though Kings and Princes Ecclesiastical and Regular Colledges and Communities from all excommunications 〈…〉 and euen from temporall punishments incurred for 〈…〉 though they bee relapsed it and to dispence 〈…〉 for 〈◊〉 and 〈…〉 absoluing the◠〈…〉 and homagâ—â— made 〈…〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈…〉 s 〈…〉 and to absolâ—◠〈◊〉 the Re 〈…〉 from 〈…〉 giuing 〈◊〉 to 〈…〉 bi 〈…〉 〈…〉 fasting dayes by the counsell 〈◊〉 the corporall Physition or spirituall onely or without any if it 〈…〉 and to moderate the number of feastes and for those 〈…〉 the communion of the Chalica if they will humbly de 〈…〉 is 〈…〉 that the Church doth not erre in denying it to the Laitie to grant it vnto them for life or for so long as they shall thinke fit so that it be done neither in the same time nor place with that which is done by decree of the Church Hee granted them power also to vnite Ecclesiasticall Benefices to Studies Schooles or Hospitals and to absolue the vsurpers of Ecclesiasticall mooueable goods after the restitution of the immooueables compounding also for the fruits vsurped and mooueables consumed with authoritie to communicate these Faculties to other persons of note This Bull passed in all places beeing printed vpon the occasion which Which is censured in Germany shall bee related and affoorded matter of discourse First for the proheme where the Pope said that in the troubles of the Church hee was comforted by the remedy left by CHRIST that the Corne of the Church winnowed by Satan should bee preserued by the faith of Peter especially after hee had applyed the remedy of the generall Councell as if the Church had no foundation but vpon him and sixty persons of Trent Then they thought it a great presumption to restore Kings and Princes to honours fame and dignity There was also obserued a contradiction to absolue from vnlawfull oathes which need no absolution and from true oathes no man can absolue And it was thought another contradiction to grant the Chalice onely to him who beleeueth the Church doth not erre in forbidding it to the Laâ—tie For how is it possible to beleeue so and to desire not to be comprehended in the prohibition But they could not forbeare laughing when they read the condition to absolue the Friars who forsooke their cloysters to weare the habite couered as if the kingdome of GOD did consist in a colour or vestment which being not worne in shew yet it was necessary to haue it in secret But though the Nuncij were soone deputed yet their dispatch was deferred vntill the next yeere because the Emperour was not pleased with the manner of it in which no mention was made to assist or authorize the prouisions Why the dispatch of the two Nuncij was deferred made by him neither would the Pope euer bee perswaded that any minister of his should be present The Emperour beeing parted from Ausburg vsed all diligence that the The Emperors Interim doth please neither the Protestants nor the Catholiques Interim might bee receiued by the Protestant Cities but found resistance and difficulty euery where because they did detest it more then the Catholiques They sayd it was a totall establishment of the Papacie Aboue all they found fault with the doctrine of Iustification and that the communion of the Cup and marriage of Priests was questioned Iohn Fredericke Duke of Saxony though prisoner said freely that GOD and his conscience vnto which hee was bound aboue all did not permit him to receiue it Where it was admitted diuers accidents varieties and confusions did succeed so that it was brought into some places diuersly with so many limitations and conditions that one may say it was rather reiected by all then accepted by any Neither did the Catholiques care to helpe forward the businesse because they did not approoue it themselues That which did hinder the emperor most was the modest liberty of a little weake Citie which desired him that being Lord of their goods and life hee would suffer that their conscience might belong to GOD that if the doctrine proposed to them were receiued by himselfe they should haue a great example to follow But if his Maiestie would compel them to accept of and beleeue that which himselfe thought not true they knew not how it could be done In September the Emperor went into low Germany where he found greater difficulties For the Cities of Saxonie vsed many excuses and 〈◊〉 did oppose with a kind of scorne Wherefore it was 〈◊〉 by the Emperour and sustained a long warre that maintained the fire aliue in Germaniâ— which burned his Trophees as in its place shall bee saide By reason of this confusion and to giue order that the flemings should sweare 〈◊〉 to his sonne the Emperour quitting Germany went into Flanders and though he seuerely forbad that the doctrine And 〈…〉 〈◊〉 against by both of the Interim should be impugned by any or written taught or preached against yet many Protestants did write against it And the Pope thinking it fit for his affaires to doe it gaue order to 〈…〉 Generall of the Dominicans that assembling the most learned men of his order by their opinion and paints hee should make a strong and sound confutation Many in France wrote against it also and in a short time there was as it were a whole quodron of Writers against it Catholiques and Protestants especially of the Hanse-townes And that did follow which doth ordinarily happen to him that will reconcile contrary opinions that he maketh them both agree to impugne his and euery one more obstinate in defending his owne There was also some cause of diuision among the Protestants For those A diuision among the Protestants who had in part yeelded to Caesar against their wills and restored the old ceremonies excused themselues and said that the things done by them were indifferent and by consequence that did not concerne their saluation to reproue or receiue them and that it was lawfull yea necessary to tolerate some seruitude when no impiety was ioyned with it and therefore that in these the Emperour was to be obeyed Others whom necessitie had not compelled said it was true that indifferent things concern not saluation yet by meanes of them pernicious things are brought in and going on they framed a generall conclusion that Ceremonies and Rites though by nature indifferent doe become then bad when he that vseth them hath an opinion Which was neuer well reconciled that they are good 〈…〉 And hence arose two Sects and afterwards more differences amongst them which were 〈◊〉 well reconciled And in England there were no lesse 〈◊〉 for Religion For Edward Earle of Harford 〈◊〉 by the 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈…〉 King hauing Troubles in
beeing lawfully hindered to bee there before that day admonishing those also in the same manner who haue or may haue any interest there praying the Emperour Kings and Princes to send their Proctors if they cannot be personally present and to cause their Prelates to performe their duetie without excuse or delay and to make the passage free and secure for them and their company as himselfe will doe within his Territories hauing no other end in celebrating the Councell but the honour of GOD the reducing of the dispersed sheepe and the perpetuall peace of Christendome ordaining that the Bull should be published in Rome and that by vertue thereof after the end of two moneths it shall binde all that are comprehended as if it had been personally intimated vnto them The Pope thought hee had satisfied himselfe those who would haue a Did not please either party new Councell intimated and those who desired a continuation of the old But as middle counsels doe vsually displease both parties so the Pope gaue satisfaction to none as shall be declared Presently after the publication of the Bull the Pope sent Nicheto into France with it with commission if the forme did not please to say that they should not except against the word Continuare because it did not hinder them to speake againe of the things already proposed Hee sent it also to the Emperour and King of Spaine He sent likewise Zacharias Delphinus Bishop of Liesina to the Princes of high Germany and Ioannes Franciscus Comendone Bishop of Zante to those of Lowe Germany with letters to them all and with order first to receiue instruction from the Emperour how to treate with them and then to execute their ambassage He sent also the Abbat Martinengo to the Queene of England to inuite her and her Bishops to the Councell beeing perswaded so to doe by the forenamed Edward Cerne who promised him that his Nuncio should be receiued The Queene of England is inuited to the Councell by one halfe of the Kingdome by the Queenes consent And although the Pope was put in minde to send Nuncij into England and to Princes elsewhere who doe professe open separation from the Sea of Rome would be a disreputation to him yet hee answered hee would humble himselfe to heresie in regard whatsoeuer was done to gaine soules to CHRIST did beseeme that Sea For the same reason also he sent Canobius into Polonia with desseigne to make him to goe into Moscouia to inuite that Prince and Nation to the Councell though they haue neuer acknowledged the Pope of Rome Afterwards he returned to speake of the Councell in Consistory desiring to be informed of the learned men of good life and opinion of diuers Prouinces fit to dispute and perswade the trueth saying he purposed to call many of them promising that after hee had vsed all possible diligence to make all Christians come thither and to vnite them in Religion though some or many refused to come he would not forbeare to proceede Yet he was troubled because the Protestants of Germanie vnto whom a great part of France was vnited would denie to come or would demand exorbitant things which hee could not grant them and doubted they might bee able to disturbe the Councell with Armes Neither did hee hope to be assisted by the Emperour against them in regard of his small forces Hee confessed that the dangers were great and the remedies small and was perplexed and troubled in mind The Bull of the Councel going through Germany fell into Protestants hands assembled at the mariage of the Duke of Salzemburg who did intimate a Diet in Namburg to begin the twentieth of Ianuary Vergerius wrote a booke against this Bull in which after a great inuectiue Vergerius writeth a booke against the Bull. against the pompe luxury and ambition of the Court hee said that the Councell was called by the Pope not to establish the doctrine of CHRIST but the seruitude and oppression of poore soules that none were called but those who were bound by oath to the Pope so that not onely all were excluded who are separated from the Church of Rome but also men of the greatest vnderstanding amongst themselues taking away all liberty in which onely there was hope of agreement At this time newes came to Rome that the French King had imprisoned The Prince of Conde is imprisoned and a guard is set vpon y e King of Nauarre the Prince of Conde and set a guard vpon the King of Nauare which pleased the Pope much as a thing which might wholly disturbe the Nationall Councell And his hope was the stronger that he should receiue no distaste because aduice came that the King was very sicke in danger to die which hindred the assembly of the States in Meaux And in the end there was great alteration For Francis the French King dying the fift of December and Charles the ninth of the age of ten yeeres succeeding in regard of his minoritie The French King dieth Charles the 9. succeedeth the gouernment fel principally vpon the King of Nauarre as first Prince of the Blood The Queene in other adhered to him to maintain calld continue 1560 PIVS 4. FERDINAND ELIZABETH CHARLES 9. The King of Nauar Q. mother gouerne France 〈…〉 Which maketh the Protestants more confident the authority which shee had taken in the life time of her other 〈◊〉 and Nauar was content to participate with 〈…〉 the better to maintaine his owne He did almost openly fauour the new religion and was wholly gouerned by the counsell of Iasper Coligni the Admirall who did make profession of it so that the Protestants were more confident to obtaine liberty of religion as they desired They assembled almost publikely with much discontent and indignation of the people and danger of section Hereupon the Kings mother and the chiefe of the Counsell resolued to hold the States in Orliens and began to doe it the 13. of December Amongst other things there proposed for the benefit of the Kingdome The States are held in Orliens Where the Chancellor beginneth to speake the Chancellor said that religion is the most potent weapon ouercommeth all affections and charitie and is the forest bond of humane society that Kingdomes are more bounded and more diuided by Religion then by the confines themselues that he that is moued with Religion contemneth wife children and kinred If there be difference of religion in the same familie the father agreeth not with his sonnes nor the brothers among themselues nor the husband with the wife To remedie these disorders there is neede of a Councell which the Pope hath promised but in the meane while it is not to be tolerated that euery one should shape out his owne religion and bring in new Rites at his pleasure and so trouble the publique pence If the Councell faile by the Popes default the King will make prouision another way but it was necessary that euery
not performe its duty and that which is expected from it by so holy and necessary a reformation to call a Nationall hauing first giuen satisfaction to GOD and men by continuall perswasions vsed to the Fathers and the Pope to obtaine of them a remedy against the common euill that to effect this with greater ease he had dispatched the Lord of Oysel to the Catholique King and the Lord d' Allegres to the Pope and commanded Birague that after he had performed his charge with the Fathers of the Councell he should passe to the Emperour to try if by meanes of these Princes bee might gaine so great a benefit It is certaine that the Pope was much distasted with the peace as well for the preiudice of his authority as because it was concluded without his knowledge hauing made so great contributions to the war But the King of Spaine was displeased more For beeing by his souldiers a party in the warres and the victory and hauing spent so much hee thought all was lost and that it was not iust to conclude a peace without him to the preiudice of religion which hee vndertooke to defend and maintaine especially hauing so great interests therein in respect of the damage hee did receiue in the gouernment of the Low Countries it beeing plaine that euery prosperity of the Hugonots in France would encourage the people of Flanders and strong then them more in their contumacie For these reasons the Catholique Ambassadour in France made great complaints which was the principall cause why these extraordinary Ambassages were sent to Rome and into Spaine to make knowen that the King and his Councel were not induced to make this accord by their owne will but by meere necessity and for feare that grosse Armies would bee sent out of Germany to the Hugonots which as was reported were prepared about Strasburg and in other places For those Dutch men who had made warre in France beeing returned home loaden with spoiles they inuited others to goe thither and make themselues rich Neither were they without feare that the Princes of the Empire would vpon that occasion assay to 〈◊〉 Monte 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and other Cities of the Empire and that the Queene of England would assist 〈◊〉 Hugonots more potently then she had done to possesse some other places 〈◊〉 already shee had possessed Haure de Grace But besides this principall end of both the Ambassages d'Oysel was afterwards to make a proposition for translating the Councel from Trent to Constance Wormes Ausburg or some other place in Germany and to represent to the King that in regard it ought to bee celebrated for the Dutch English Scottish and part of the French-men and other Nations who were resolute not to adhere to nor euer to accept that of Trent it was in vaine to continue in that place Conde was author of this negotiation who hoped by this meanes if it did succeed to strengthen his party by vniting it to the interests of so many Kingdomes and Princes and to weaken the Oatholiques by promoting difficulties against the Councell of Trent But it did not take effect For the King of Spaine hauing heard the proposition which I say by way of anticipation that I may not returne to this matter did perceiue what the aime was and made a full answere that the Councell was assembled in Trent with all the solemnities with consent of all Kings Princes and at the instance of Francis the French King that the Emperour had superiority in that City as in the others that were named and might giue full security to all in case the former Safe conduct were not sufficient that hee could not choose but fauour it in the place where it was and accept the determinations thereof And hee aduised the Pope of all assuring him hee would neuer change that resolution The French men in Trent thought it superfluous to make instance to the Fathers as the King had commanded before the returne of Morone it being generally resolued that all Conciliary actions should bee deferred vntill then But the Emperour had not dispatched that Cardinall and informed Loraine at the same time that for diuers accidents and because the propositions were of the weight and importance as that they did deserue mature deliberation and consultation he had not beene able as yet to giue a resolute answere but hee hoped it should bee such as to make all men know that his actions were answerable to his desire to see the affaires of the Councell set straight for the common benefit Therefore notwithstanding the occasions and vrgent necessities of his other Prouinces hee resolued to continue his residence in Isprue to fauour the liberty of the Councell by his presence vntill hee had hope to see some good fruit This delay did not please Morone not that the Emperour should referre as hee did all the negotiations to the Diuines and Counsellors and both hee and the Pope did doubt that the answere would be deferred vntill he had heard Birague who as they were informed was to propose the translation of the Councel into Germany to giue satisfaction to the Hugonots whereunto the Pope was resolute not to consent as well by his owne inclination as in regard of the instance made vnto him by the Colledge of Cardinals and all the Court. And he maruelled at the humor of the French-men who demanded reformation and a translation at the same time and desired to haue a supply from the Clergie for payment of the Kings deâ—ts and yet would make shew to be fauourers of the Church But the truth was that the French-men being assured they could obtaine nothing fit for their 〈…〉 ce so long as the Italians did make the maior part beganne to despaire and to hold no esteeme of the Councel while it remayned in Trent Therefore they tooke from the Diuines sent by the King their publique allowance and gaue them all leaue either to depart or 〈…〉 ine there so that almost all went away one after another The two Benedictines remained vntill the ende who were â—haintained by chest Monasteries as also Hugonius whom the Papalins caused to be lodged and defrayed in the Monastery and gaue him fifty crownes euery three moneths Loraine hauing 〈…〉 ed the allâ—gations sent by the Pope to the Emperour and made a conâ—ure vpon them sent it to his Maiestie 〈◊〉 thought The conâ—ure of 〈…〉 vpon the 〈…〉 allegations he had done all secretly but Hagonots had not onely discoured it but giuen a copie to the Legates who expecting Morone shortly wrote by order from the Pope to the Bishops departed from Trent that they should returne to resume the actions of the Councel In the meane while a congregation was made the tenth of May to reade the letters of the Queene of Scotland presented by the Cardinall of Loraine in which she declared that shee did submit herselfe to the Councell made mention of her succession to the Kingdome of England promising that in case it
did happen she would subiect both those Kingdomes to the obedience of the Apostolique Sea The letters beeing read the Cardinall made an cloqnent Oration to 〈…〉 use the Queene for sending neither Prelates nor Ambassadouts to the Councell because they were all heretiques and promised that she would neuer vary from the true Religion For answere thankes were giuen in the name of the Synode Some laughed because the negotiation was as if it had been of a priuate person not of a Prince and maruelled that she had not so much as one Catholique subiect to send But the wiser sort did beleeue this was begged and extotâ—ed from her because shee was able to doe like a Prince in regard shee had euer many Catholiques about her The Secretarie of Loraine was returned whom he sent to Rome to cleere him of the imputation that he was a Head of a faction whom the Pope receiued with demonstration of loue and seemed to beleeue his exposition and wrote to the Cardinall that he was content that the contentious matterâ— should be omitted the doctrines of Order and Residence not spoken of but the reformation onely treated on Loraine imparting this letter to 〈…〉 that order might be taken to begin was deferred vntill the returne of Morone where with hee was distasted as if he had been mocked by the Pope And ioyning this with the aduice which came vnto him that Morone speaking with the Emperour of the libertie of the Councell sayd that himselfe and the French Ambassadours did hinder it more then others he complained vpon euery occasion to all with whom hee spake that the Councell had no libertie and that not onely the resolution of euery litle particular was made aâ— Rome but that the Fathers and especially the Gardinall M 〈…〉 and himselfe were not thought worthy to know what was commaunded by the Pope that they might conforme themselues to the will of his Ho 〈…〉 and that it was 〈◊〉 that so many 〈◊〉 should bee disparched from Trent to Rome by the Legaâ—s for euery shall 〈…〉 and sometimes 〈…〉 concerning the same matter and yet it could heuer be kno 〈…〉 what resolution or answere came from the 〈…〉 The 〈…〉 hereat because the things went so apparant and publike that they could neither be denied no◠〈◊〉 Loraine full of these â—ll satisfactions beeing called the 〈…〉 consultation to treat of begining the Congregations because Morone had w 〈…〉 would bee in Trent within eight dayes 〈…〉 t parties steel a good while without speaking one word afterwards entring into complements they 〈…〉 from another without talking of the bus 〈…〉 sse The Proctor 〈…〉 the French Prelats who remained in the Kingdome being 〈…〉 in Trent they dessired the Ambassadours that they might bee admitted in Congregation which 〈◊〉 refusing Lansae replied that they La 〈…〉 spor 〈…〉 had doth anded it in reuerence not because they did acknowledge the Legats for Iudges and that hee was resoliue that the difficulty should be proposed in Councell This made the Legats aâ— per their perpose to expect Morone and appointed a Congregation for the fourteen the of May to handle the abuses 〈…〉 Where Loraine giuing his voice 〈…〉 the first point which The Cardinal of Lorain in deliuering his susâ—rage afterwards was taken away for the causes which shall bee related hereafter spake at large of the abuses 〈…〉 ring in that matter And that hee right more 〈…〉 gh against the disorders of Rome he begain with France not spâ—ring the King he could 〈◊〉 the Concordate said that the distribution of the Benefites of the Kingdome which ought 〈◊〉 belong to the Chapters was diuided betweene Pope 〈◊〉 and King F 〈…〉 scareely forbearing to say as the prey is diuided amongst Hunters He disliked that the King and Princesâ— all the nomination of Prelatures and that Cardinals did possesse Bishop 〈…〉 also the vaccord lately made by the King with the Hugonots But leauing France hee sayd that Rome was the fountaine whence all di 〈…〉 that no Cardinall was without a Bishopricke yea without 〈…〉 how 〈…〉 charges were incompatible that the inuention of Commendaes Vnions for life administrations by which against all law many Benefic 〈…〉 with appearance that hee had but 〈…〉 was 〈…〉 king of the Maiestie of GOD. Hee often allead 〈…〉 that place of Saine P 〈…〉 Take heede of errours for God is not mocked and one shall reape only that which hee hath soâ—ed Hee spake much against dispen 〈…〉 by which the strength of all lawes is taken away as also against many other abuses and with such cloquened that hee spent the whole Congregation His discourse was not 〈…〉 taken by the Papalins Simoneta did openly treats with 〈◊〉 Preiats 〈…〉 said he spake like the Lu 〈…〉 and God grant that hee were not of their opinion wherewith Lo 〈…〉 was 〈…〉 to the Pope In the Congregations following one thing 〈◊〉 ordinary 〈◊〉 of memorie was spoken except 〈…〉 obliquely vsed by those who had vn 〈…〉 by Loraine In this inter iâ— Cardinall Morone had his dispatch in writing from the Emperour very generall termeâ— that bee would defend the authoritie of Is thought to speake like a Lutheran and Hope against heretikes 〈…〉 would remaine at 〈◊〉 and passe further that the 〈…〉 noâ— to be made without 〈◊〉 of the King 〈…〉 for 〈◊〉 〈…〉 because being done on the sudden 〈…〉 much matter of discourse 〈…〉 manie that bee would â—est satisfied with the proceeding in 〈…〉 vpon the 〈◊〉 conditions that the reformation 〈…〉 Trent and that euery one might propose desiring they would presently begin to handle the Articles exhibited by him and France Concerning this negotiation of the Cardinall and of the answere made I haue related what I haue found registred in publike monuments but I ought not to omit the fame then diuulged in Trent and beleeued by men of the greatest vnderstanding that the Cardinall had treated with the Emperour and with his sonne King of the Romans more secret matters and shewed them that in respect of the diuers The secret negotiation of the Cardinall Morone with the Emperor ends of Princes and Prelats and of their diuers and important interests which were contrary it was impossible the Councell should haue such an end as some of them did desire Hee told them that in the matter of the Chalice marriage of Priests and of the vulgar tongue things desired by his Maiestie and the French King neither the King of Spaine nor any Prince of Italie would euer consent that in matter of reformation euery sort of persons would remaine in their present state and reforme others whence it commeth that euery one demandeth reformation and yet when any Article thereof is proposed more doe oppose then fauour it that euery one thinketh of himselfe onely and doth not consider the respects of another that euery one would haue the Pope a minister of his designes not thinking whether others will remaine offended for it for whom it