Health increaseth and that this is Irelands present case is manifest for if it be considered that before the last Rebellion the Irish Interest was potent 1. The Irish were far the greater number of Proprietors of Land possessing ten Acres for one whereas now of the Ten millions eight hundred sixty eight thousand nine hundred forty nine Acres returned by the last Survey of Ireland the Irish Papists are possest but of Two millions forty one thousand one hundred and eight Acres which is but a small matter above the fifth part of the whole and as the Proprietors of Lands so is it in their Plantations for where there was one English Planter before the last Rebellion 1641. it is judged there is three now and in several of the principal Counties next adjacent to England as Wicklow and VVexford where there was ten Irish Papists to one English Protestant the odds now lies on the other hand 2. Before 1641. their Interest in the Lands and Popularity of the Inhabitants necessitated the Government to admit them to all County-Offices as High Sheriffs Justices c. wherby they had opportunity to encourage the Irish and discountenance the English but now not one Irish Sheriff or Justice in the Kingdom 3. Before the Rebellion the chief Inhabitants of all principal Cities and strong Towns were Irish Papists who bore all Offices and managed the chief Trade of those places all which places are now planted or at least governed by English Protestants 4. Before the Rebellion those Freeholders and Proprietors of Lands there were in Ireland were not the Kings Tenants but derived their Titles from the Irish Noblemen and Gentlemen which contracted an immediate dependence upon them and kept an awing influence over them for though the Kings of England were owned as Lords of Ireland yet the Lords of Ireland ruled as Kings and were so stiled by the Kings of England as is observed by Sir John Davis out of several Records saith he They governed their people by their Brehon Law they made their Magistrates and Officers they pardoned and punished all Malefactors they made War and Peace one with another without controlment and this to the Reign of Queen Elizabeth pag. 13 14. So Hovendon p. 312. and were not entirely subjected to the English Laws until the 9th of King James but had that learned Observer lived until the 12th of Charles the Second he would have admitted Ireland was never entirely subjected to the Crown of England nor the Lands of Ireland never properly called the Kings Land until the Act of Settlement then past as Sir Audley Mervin then Speaker to the House of Commons in his Speech to the Duke of Ormonde called that Act Irelands Magna Charta it exceeding all former Grants of the Kings of England and former Submissions of the body of the People of Ireland in these particulars 1. As a free Act of Grace when His Majesty was under no politick Obligation but what meer Grace and Bounty mov'd him to which never any Grant before was for though they were still stiled Acts of Grace yet Reason of State interposed for them which will be easily granted if the State of England and Ireland be compared at the time of those former Royal Confessions when the Irish still treated with their Swords in their hands or at least hid where they knew how to find them if they were not answered in their expectation as in the History of Desmonds and Tyrones c. Rebellion is manifest 2. Former Grants did only dispose of some Countrys or Lordships to some few persons who depended upon the Crown and all others upon them but this of the whole Land that was not before disposed of whereby there is more Tenants to the Crown settled by this Act above forty for one than by any former Grants 3. Not only the Lands of Ireland but all the Cities and strong walled Towns are secured in hands true to the Crown of England by this Act that never were before 4. By this Act there is a Revenue secured to the King sufficient to maintain a compleat Army to preserve the Peace which never was before Therefore I argue the state of the Interest not only of the Crown but of the Kingdom of Ireland is altered as to the Freehold Interest above double nay treble to what it ever was before the English being in possession by that Act of four millions five hundred sixty thousand thirty seven Acres and the Irish but in two millions three hundred twenty three thousand eight hundred and nine so that if the majority of Proprietors may give the denominations to a Country which usually it doth Ireland is become West England Besides this the governing party universally professeth and only incourageth the English publick Worship it is governed by English Laws enacted by English Parliaments and administred by English Judges guarded by an English Army and governed by English Ministers of State to that degree it never was before and all this administred by the absolute Commission from the King of England and must it yet be kept under and esteemed of as an Irish Interest and Country when the very Nature and civil Constitution of Ireland is altered and proportionably ought the Wealth and Prosperity of it to be promoted by England for these Reasons 1. It is the Interest both of the Crown and People of England to enable the English Interest of Ireland not only to support its self in peace but to defend its self in war which nothing but promoting its Trade and Wealth will do especially the Wealth of its Cities and walled Towns for the increasing its Wealth in the Fields doth rather increase its danger by enouraging the needy Natives the rather to rise when they observe how easily they can possess themselves of so great a Booty but the Wealth of the Cities and strong Towns which is the trading Stock of the Nation is secure and ready to be imployed in the defence of their King and Countries Interest when in danger besides they are the only security and refuge to the distressed English when banished from their Country Habitations and these places of strength cannot subsist without Trade and Manufacture but by more chargeable Garisons than the Revenue of Ireland will bear And what Ireland cannot do in order to its safety England must supply to prevent its own danger for if ever an Enemy surprize and possess Ireland especially the French England must maintain a greater standing Force to secure themselves than would have preserved Ireland if imployed in its Defence it is not a groundless proverb He that would England win must with Ireland first begin and if the French who hath already the opposite Coast and Harbours from Dunkirk to Brest ever obtain Ireland they will then surround three parts of four of England and a great part of Scotland so near that in a few hours they may invade what part they please which would necessitate England to be at the charge of
Epistle 3.17 If I be censured for this part of my Discourse by the peevish and censorious of both sides for a Digression from a Subject of promoting Trade and Wealth yet when the more moderate and judicious consider the influence of our Divisions and Jealousies fomented by rigid uncharitable persons of both parties they will vindicate me and allow that the uniting of Interest in point of Religion so far as to beget a mutual confidence in each others Integrity to the common Protestant Cause will tend much to the strengthening the â—ands of our Protestant Governors and also remove Jealousies and beget a satisfaction betwixt Assenters and Dissenters that they will never be dangerous one to another and till this be obtained I see no ground to expect the Protestant Interest of Ireland can ever be potent nor ever flourish in Trade and Wealth for these Reasons 1. The common Enemy to our common Religion and civil Interest will still be hoping the Divisions amongst our selves will at last open a door for them to destroy us all and that expectation deters them from that Industry in Manufactury and Traffick which otherwise for present profit sake they would more vigilantly promote and the more moderate of them joyn Interest with the united Protestants in preserving our common Peace 2. No greater Discouragements can lye in the way of foreign Manufacturers and Merchants coming to settle amongst us than suspicion our Divisions should cause a disturbance of the Peace which the least apprehensive must discern would be an evident ruine to the whole and consequently to themselves if they should settle with us 3. Nothing more disheartens the English from engaging in such Manufacturies and Trade as would fix their Estates on a spot they could not remove from than a sense of danger from our Divisions lest some particular Dissentors or Sect should so misbehave themselves towards the Government as to provoke them to put a general Restraint upon the Liberties of the whole and thereby necessitate them to quit the Country and so lose all their Improvements I might multiply particulars to manifest the Damage our Jealousies and Animosities on the account of our Divisions in Religion threaten and the great Advantages a charitable Union would produce to the security and prosperity of the common English Interest of Ireland But being satisfied all moderate and charitable Christians are of the same opinion I shall submit what I have offer'd to their Judgment and howsoever I am censured for this weak Essay I shall comfort my self in the Integrity of my heart to the common Welfare of the Protestant Interest of Ireland and submit the Blessing to God CHAP. III. The third Expedient to recover the languishing state of Ireland in its Trade and Wealth is to assert Irelands Interest in its own Government THat it is not only the Interest of Ireland but of the Crown and Realm of England that Ireland be governed by its own members or persons peculiarly interested in its prosperity is manifest Although it will be granted to be Irelands great advantage to have not only their Lord Lieutenants but most other Ministers of State sent from England provided they then purchase plant and settle themselves and Families in the Country for no other Expedient will advance the Prosperity and strengthen the English Interest in Ireland like it for if the Noble and Worshipful Families of Ireland would examine the original of their first Ancestors in that Kingdom few would be found that came over on purpose to purchase or plant but rather incouraged to transport themselves for the sake of publick Imploys either Civil or Military but most by the later every new Rebellion called over new Troops and Companies to strengthen the standing Army to suppress it and at the end of every War were garrison'd and quarter'd in those Countreys where the Insurrection was first raised or had been most powerful and in places most convenient to secure the future peace where they obtain'd Grants of forfeited Lands and from thence after some time of settlement of themselves and Familys their Soldiers would marry and take Farms or set up Trades and so erect English Plantations in the most dangerous Irish Countries where none but Souldiers with their Swords in their hands or others under their shelter durst adventure to plant Therefore it was a rational project at the end of the last War in order to promote the English Plantations 1. In the disbanding part of that Army to pitch upon such Troops and Companies as were best acquainted with the Country and most likely to plant their Lots and then to give some of them peculiar advantages by select places for their incouragement whereby many of the reducted Troops and Companies had the advantage of the standing Army who were confin'd to their Lots 2. To contrive the planting of the Country by the standing Army by instructing the Officers to encourage their Souldiers to marry and plant about their Garrisons and Quarters especially if Tradesmen and past their middle age and then once in 2 or 3 years to change their Quarters at a good distance from the place whereupon the married Souldiers that had settled their Familys would petition to be dismist which much increas'd English Plantations who for their incouragement were continued in Muster six months Duty free and whilst Pay is to be had a General shall never want Souldiers and young beardless Lads that have nothing to care for but to keep their Arms sixed and their Knapsacks furnished are the best Souldiers for a Field-Army and so esteemed by all Authors I have read and whilst a Troop or Company retains one half old Souldiers viz. File-leaders Half File-leaders and Bringers up the young Souldiers will do as well as others to fill up Files and after a few months careful Exercise will be as ready for any Service and perform their parts equal with the rest for though Experience and Skill is necessary in Officers yet Courage and Subjection are the more necessary Qualifications in private Souldiers which none like the young stripling who is lately come from under the severer Discipline of Family Government to whom Military Discipline seems easie and these having no Wives nor Children to cry after them c. are the freest from care and consequently the readiest at the Beat of the Drum to march where and whensoever they are commanded The neglect of this was the ruine of the English Interest the last Rebellion the standing Troops and Companies consisting much of the Officers Tenants c. could not be drawn together at short warning without exposing their Families and concerns to the merciless mercy of the Enemy whereas had they been qualified as beforementioned the King might have had a marching Army and the Country a standing Militia consisting of the same Inhabitants march'd from them in the Kings Pay to have stood by them and defended them at least against the small parties of straggling Cut-throats by whom the greatest number of
Government Hook 71.  1346. Sir Roger Darcy L.J.  1346. Sir John Maurice L.J. In whose time Desmond made a dissention between the English of Blood and English of Birth  1348. Sir Walter Bermingham L.J. John Archer Dep. Camp 90.  1349. Sir Walter Bermingham L.J.  1349. Baron Carey L.J.   1349. Sir Tho. Rooksby L.J. Whose saying was he had rather drink out of Wooden Cups and pay Gold and Silver for his Liquor than drink out of Gold and make wooden payment a man of sincere and upright Conscience saith Camp 91. he would be deemed a precise Fop in these days 1351. Bishop of Lymerick L.J. The Vlsters rebel and subdued by the Savages Camp 30.  1355. Earl of Desmond L.J.  1356. Sir Tho. Rooksby a second time L.J.   1357. Sir Almerick de Sancta L.J. 1359. James Butler Earl of Ormond L.J. He married the Grandchild of Edw. the first for which his Son James was stiled by way of preheminence the Noble Earl  1360. Earl of Kildare L.J. Appointed 500 l. per ann Salery and required out of that to maintain 20 great Horse for War Hook 72.  1361. Duke of Clarence Lord Lieutenant The third Son of Edw. the third Earl of Vlster and Lord of Connaght he vanquished the Obrians c. and conquered the County of Clare from which he derived his Title of Clarence  1364. James Earl of Ormond L.D.   1365. Sir Thom. Dale Governor 1367. Earl of Desmond L.J.   1369. Sir William de Windsor L.L.  1370. A great Mortality in Ireland 1371. Earl of Kildare L.J.   1372. Sir Robert de Ashton L.J. 1374. Sir William de Windsor L.L.  1376. James Butler Earl of Ormond L.L.   1379. John de Bromwhich L.J. Richard the Second  1381. Dean of St. Patricks and Lord Chancellor L.J.  1383. Philip de Courtney L.L.  1385. Robert Vere Earl of Oxford Marquess of Dublin and Duke of Ireland L. ◠Of whom Cambden records he died in great anguish and penury leaving nothing to his Tomb but Titles nor to the World but matter of talk of his ill life  1385. Sir John Stanley L.D.  1387. Bish of Meath L.J.  1389. Sir John Stanley L.J.  1392. James Earl of Ormond L.J.  1394. Duke of Glocester L.J.  1394. King Richard the Second in person He landed at Waterford with four thousand men at Arms and thirty thousand Archers left Roger Mortimer Earl of Vlster Lord of Trym Clare Connaght L.L. slain by the Obrians   1398. Roger Grey L.J. 1398. Duke of Surrey the Kings Brother L.L.  1399. King Richard 2. the second time Who came to avenge Mortitimers Death In this Year broke out that bloodie War betwixt the Houses of Lancaster and York from which time not only England but Ireland were divided into two powerful Factions the Geraldines stood by the House of York and the Butlers by the House of Lancaster the King returns soon after loseth his Kingdom and Life   Henry the Fourth  1399. Sir John Stanley L.L.  1401. Stephen Scroope L.D. to Thomas of Lancaster the Kings Son 1403. James Earl of Ormond L.J. Chose by the Noblemen of Ireland  1405. Gerald Earl of Kildare L.J.  1406. Stephen Scroop L.D.  1407. James Son of the former Earl of Ormond L.J.  1408. Thomas of Lancaster the Kings Son L.L. left Thomas Butler Dep. The Sword given to the City of Dublin the Provost made Major  Henry the Fifth  1413. The said Butler continued L.J.  1413. Sir John Stanley L.L. The Ancestor of the Earls of Derby  1414. Crawley Arch-Bishop of Dublin L.J.  1414. Sir John Talbot L.L. In whose time Ireland supplied the King with 1600 men to assist him in his Wars with France  1419. Richard Talbot Arch-Bishop of Dublin L.J.  1420. James Butler Earl of Ormond L.L. His Grandsire James sirnam'd the Chast near Athy vanquished the Armie of the O Moorsand Mac Morroughs c. quelled the Obrians in Leinster the Bourks Mac Mahons c. in Thomond in three months time Camp 97.  Henry the Sixth  1423. Earl of Ulster L.L. And died of the Plague  1425. John Lord Talbot L.J.  1426. James Butler Earl of Ormond L.J. And died at Ormond-Place in London  1427. Sir John de Grey L.L.  1428. Edward Dantsey Bishop of Meath Dep.  1428. Sir John Sutton L.L. Sir Tho. Strange his Dep.  1432 Sir Christopher Plunket L.D.  1435 Sir Thomas Stanley L.L.  1436 Talbot Arch-Bp of Dublin L.D.   1438 Lyon Lord Wells L.L. 1440 James Earl of Ormond L.L.   1441 Sir William Stanley L.D.  1441 Stephen Scroop L.D.  1442 Will. Wells Dep. to Lyon Lord Wells 1443 Earl of Ormond L.L.   1446 Earl of Shrewsbury L.L. 1447 Talbot Arch-Bp of Dublin L.J.  1449 Duke of York L.L. In Meath the Rebels burnt several Towns and Villages destroyed Men Women and Children without mercy Camp 99.  1450 Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire Lord Treasurer of England L. Dep. to the Duke of York  1454 Arch-Bishop of Ardmagh L.D.  1454 Earl of Kildare L.D.  1454 Sir Edward Fitz Eustace Lord Deputy to the Duke of York  1456 Earl of Kildare Lord Deputy  1459 Richard Duke of York Earl of Ulster and Lord of Connaght Lord Lieutenant Who contracted with the King for Two thousand Pounds per annum with the Irish Revenue to support the Government ten Years The Nobility of Ireland increasing in Factions betwixt the Houses of York and Lancas ter many destroyed whereby the Irish grew troublesome forcibly possessing the Estates of the Engli sh in Ulster Munster and Connaght  Edward the Fourth  1460 Earl of Kildare Lord Justice  1461 Sir Rowland Fitz Eustace Lord of Portleister and Viscount Baltinglass Lord Deputy to George Duke of Clarence  1463 Thomas Earl of Desmond Deputy to the Duke of Clarence Beheaded for exacting Coin and Livery   1467 John Lord Tiptoft Earl of Worcester L.D. 1471 Thomas Earl of Kildare L.D.  1475 Bishop of Meath Dep.   1478 Lord Grey L.D. 1478 Sir Robert Preston L.D.  1479 E. of Kildare L.D.  1483 Edw. 5. Rich. 3.  1485 The said Earl of Kildare L.D. to John de la Pole Earl of Lincoln L.L. The Imposture Lambert Simnell made a Disturbance in Ireland  Henry the Seventh   1491 Duke of Bedford L.L. 1492 Fitz Simons Arch-Bishop of Dublin L.D.  1493 Preston the first Lord Viscount Gormanstown L.D.   1494 Sir Edward Poynings L.D. Sent over to quell the Imposture Perkin Warbeck who in a Parliament at Drogheda the 10. of Henry the Seventh past that Act called Poynings Act quell'd the O Caryls Mac Nemarras and Obrians in the County of Gallaway received the Honor of the Order of the Garter
obstruct the Success of the Catholick Cause as the performance with John Huss and Jerom of Prague would have done had they returned at liberty to propagate their Heresie the prudent Council of Constance did not only condemn and burn them but instituted it an Article of the Catholick Church Faith was not to be kept with Hereticks Vid. Vrsin p. 184. I judge these Texts need no Comment only take some few of the Epithetes given them by Popelings themselves ' What Idea can be given of those men whose Maxims dispence with all the obligations of Evangelical purity who level the Precepts of the Gospel to the corrupt passions of men who make our tendency to future Beatitude consistent with the pleasures and enjoyments of this world and who by their artifices of pious sleights easie Devotions and such compliances of humane inventition bring Religion into contempt c. ' Preface to M.J. ' For if a man doth but seriously reflect on their strange Tenents about Revenge Calumnies Restitution Equivocation mental Restrictions shifting and directing the Intention and that Consummation of all extravagance the Doctrine of probable Opinions what can he imagine less than that such Societies of men are Academies of Dissimulation and Sycophancy diabolically imbargued in a design not only practising but maintaining and justifying whatever is most horrid and abominable in the sight of God and man c. they are to be looked on as the bane of Charity and Sincerity and the vermine of all humane Society c. they joyn Blasphemy and Heresie together Catholicks externally and Hereticks internal Satanically zealous to shew themselves the Patronizers of Homicide c. ' M.J. Pref. M.J. 30 Ad M.J. p. 14. ' These pernicious Propositions are the destructive Vipers of all Morality ' Ad M.J. 42. ' Notorious Distracters Impostors and Disturbers of the publick Peace ' Ad M.J. p. 48. 'A poysonous Morality more currupt than the the Pagans themselves ' Ad M.J. p. 51. ' Propositions doing violence to the natural right and the Law of Nations excusing Blasphemies c. and the most enormous sins as if they were light piccadilloes ' Ad M.J. 55. ' What dreadful extravagances doth their Doctrine of probable Opinions assert they open a door to all immorality they are the general poyson of those envenomed sources which communicate a far greater infection than sinful Nature ' Ad M.J. p. 64. ' The most implicit Ignorance is to be preferred before such Knowledge as teaches men to be Scepticks in all things and to find out ways to justifie the corrupt Maxims of men and to practise the grossest Sins with safety of Conscience ' p. 123. This is the Opinion of the Doctors of Sorbon given under their hands in a general Assembly April 1658. vid Ad M.J. 147. Affirming it is not only theirs but the Curez of Roüen and many other Cities of France p. 146. Also the Bishop of Maechlin sends his Protest to the Cardinals of the Inquisition of Rome and annexeth forty three of their pernicious Principles not to be tolerated vid. Proph. Hildegrards p. 51. Pag. 84 to 133. ' They are saith he Hypocrites subverters of the Truth proud shameless unstable Teachers delicate Martyrs covetous Confessors unmerciful Calumniators religious for filthy lucre sake humbly insolent of an inflexible Piety insinuating Lyars peaceable Persecutors Oppressors of the weak Introducers and Authors of evil Sects mischievously compassionate lovers of the world Merchants of Indulgences robbers of Benefices importunate Orators seditious Conspirators as we shall see in their Politicks sighing but out of Gluttony ambitious of Honor criminally zealous graspers of the world applauders of Men seducers of Women sowers of Dissention no enemies could ever match these Furies whose Colledges and professed Houses are the receptacles of the guilty the refuges of dishonesty the reproach of Christianity the Shops of Iniquity the Academies of impiety the lovers of Heresie the Chairs of Infection the high places of Antichrist the Brothel-houses of the Whore of Babylon the Architects of Blasphemies against God and all his Saints the companions of the Sodomites and Onan the Emissaries of Devils c. Luc. Pref. Hist Jes 1627. they are a hodge podge of old Errors blended together after the mode of a new Olia by communicating with the Netetians Praxeans Anthropo-Morphites Collyndians Gnosticks Carpracatians Pharisees Manichees Nazarites Catharists Massilians Pelagians Mahumitans Priscilianists Ebionites c. and what not to overturn the fundamental Articles of Christianity ' pag. 36. They who are thus notorious in their Ethicks are no better but worse if it may be in their Politicks he who gave us the precedent Elogy of them in their own words says also ' they are the Incendiaries of the whole world the Ruiners of Cities the Poysoners of Kingdoms the Murtherers of Kings the Archtypes of Rebellion the Jesuit reckons it in the number of his Merits if he may by any sinister ways ruffle and disorder Heretical Kingdoms so he calls them encourage weak and unstable minds to slight Magistracy irritate Divisions Tumults Rebellions absolve from Oaths and sacred Tyes so that 't is hard to find any tragical Scene or bloody Theatre into which the Jesuit hath not intruded and been as busie as Davus in the Comedy contributing in an high measure to every Fanatick insolence justifying the old lemma Loyola's Picture cavete Principes these are the Firebrands of Europe the Forge and Bellows of Sedition infernal Emissaries the Pests of the age men that live as if huge Sins would merit Heaven by an Antiperistasis and indeed what have the Jesuits not done by their Fire-arts both moral and mechanical to turn all the stately Fabricks of Government into confusion in France Portugal Germany yea and Turkie as well as in Ireland and this famous Island of Great Britain ' vide Modern Policy ch 4. sect 1. 1652. And much more may you read to this purpose collected from their own Authors by Ursinus Stillingfleet Chillingworth Bishop Taylor and the learned Author of the Fiery Jesuit c. If this be not enough to render them more dangerous in a State especially in a Protestant State than Protestant Disenters let the most Popish of Protestants judge Objection Since you charge all these bloody Tenents and rebellious Doctrines against the Principles of Morality and Dictates of Humanity to be the natural Offspring of the Popes Infallibility and Supremacy from whence do they proceed 1. Not from Christ He disowns them Matth. 20.25 Luke 21.25 St. Joh. 18.36 My Kingdom is not of this world 2. Not from the Apostles St. Paul condemns Diotriphes for loving the Preeminence St. John Epist 3. v. 9. St. Peter from whom they pretend to derive their Dignity utterly explodes them 1st Epist ch 2. v. 13 14 c. so Romans ch 13. the first 8 verses 3. Not from the Pathers Polycrates and Irenaeus exploded it vid. Eusebius lib. 5. c. 21 22 23
such a dread of the like Miseries that might be perpetrated in England by them moved the Parliament to desire of the King the Ordering the Militia on pretence for the better security of the Nation against Papists and speedier Suppression of the Irish Rebellion upon which Head arose that woful Breach on which that unnatural War with all its dismal consequences succeeded from that time began the rude Tumults of London Apprentices c. and all other misbehaviour as you may read in Scobels Collections of that years Transactions And on that occasion succeeded that Petition and large Remonstrance from the Parliament presented to the King December 14. 1641. which laid the foundation of all our succeeding Miseries so that all Englands Scotlands and Irelands Troubles since Henry the eighth shak'd off the Papal Yoke have arose either from the Papists Struggles to recover their tyrannical Dominion over these Kingdoms or the Divisions they have made amongst Protestants by their wily sleights And what their Plots have been against the Life of Charles the second and the Peace of England of late we are wearied with reading the Discoveries and Evidences in Print I shall only insert their Oath of Secresie which will serve for an Epitome of the whole Plot at least the Design of it and indeed it is the truest Explanation of all their former Oaths of Confederacy extant In this the Monks Hood is thrown by of defending and maintaining His Majesties just Rights c. They here clearly renounce and disown any Allegiance and do swear to help his Holiness's Agents c. to extirpate and root out and destroy the said pretended King of England c. The Oath of Secrecy given by William Rushton to me Robert Bolron February 2. 1676. In the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost Amen I Robert Bolron being in the presence of Almighty God the blessed Mary ever Virgin the blessed Michael the Arch-Angel the blessed St. John Baptist the holy Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul and all the Saints in Heaven and to you my Ghostly Father do declare and in my heart believe the Pope Christs Vicar General to be the true and only Head of Christs Churh here on Earth and that by vertue of the Keys of Binding and Loosing given his Holiness by our Saviour Christ he hath Power to depose all Heretical Kings and Princes and cause them to be killed Therefore to the utmost of my power I will defend this Doctrine and his Holinesses Rights against all Usurpers whatever especially against the now pretended King of England in regard that he hath broke his Vows with his Holinesses Agents beyond Seas and not performed his Promises in bringing into England the holy Roman Catholick Religion I do renounce and disown any Allegiance as due to the said pretended King of England or Obedience to any of his inferour Officers and Magistrates but do believe the Protestant Doctrine to be Heretical and Damnable and that all are damn'd which do not forsake the same and to the best of my power will help his Holinesses Agents here in England to extirpate and root out the said Protestant Doctrine and to destroy the said pretended King of England and all such of his Subjects as will not adhere to the holy See of Rome and the Religion there professed I further do promise and declare that I will keep secret and private and not divulge directly or indirectly by Word Writing or Circumstance whatever shall be proposed given in charge or discovered to me by you my Ghostly Father or any other engaged in the promoting of this pious and holy Design and that I will be active and not desist from the carrying of it on and that no hopes of Rewards Threats or Punishments shall make me discover the rest concerned in so pious a Work and if discovered shall never confess any Accessaries with my self concerned in this Design All which I do swear by the blessed Trinity and by the blessed Sacrament which I now purpose to receive to perform and on my part to keep inviolable and do call all the Angels and Saints in Heaven to witness my real intention to keep this Oath In testimony whereof I do receive this most holy and blessed Sacrament of the Eucharist By this Oath it is evident Popelings are no Changelings Hildebrands Principles commencing an Dom. 606. are here repeated in their full strength above a thousand years after and why these treasonable Plots and Principles were not since the time of this Oath effectually perpetrated is so notoriously manifest in the multitudes of Prints published on that occasion it evidenceth it was not for want of good will on their parts And although God hath gratiously and wonderfully preserved the precious Life of the King and in him the Lives of us all that value our Religion Yet have these Incendiaries not lost their labour but have accomplished that which is next to cutting all our Throats viz. the fomenting a Misunderstanding and Jealousie betwixt the most indulgent and compassionate Prince and his faithful and loyal Subjects A doleful consideration it is to all serious loyal Hearts to observe a Prince so lately received with all expressible passions of Joy not only by those that expected Gain and Advancement but by others that knew they should suffer Loss as to their private Fortunes yet were so weary of their past and then present Confusion and so well satisfied in the Kings Gratious Declarations and Intentions they could and did say as Mephibosheth to David For as much as our Lord the King is come again in peace let Zibah take all let Royalists but not Papists take our Crown and Bishops Lands our Regiments and Troops c. our Hearts shall joyn with our Hands to lift the King into his Throne which we defie all other Hands to do without us so England c. may be once more settled And with what mutual content both King and People have enjoyed each other till the very day this last Hell-hatch'd Plot broke out is notorious to all Europe as well as Great Britain and Ireland till then we heard of no Court nor Country Parties no Whiggs nor Tories c. but in Irelands Boggs c. no Petitioners Abhorrers or Addressers but what the King was pleased with no executing penal Laws on Dissenters but on the contrary Subjects entirely and universally endeared to a Prince in his own nature compounded of of Tenderness and Sympathy pleading with Parliaments against penal Statutes and proposing to their Consideration that some Provision might be made to enable him to dispence with such Protestants who through misguided Conscience could not conform to the Ceremonies Discipline c. of the Church vid. Speeches Octob. 26. 1662. and again Mar. 6. 1678. His Majesty did not only press the House but also commanded the Lord Chancellor to commend to their consideration not only what might tend to preserve the Protestant Religion in general but for an
more intolerable then this of Garments is that universal practice of wearing Silk-hoods and Scarfs which every mean mans Wife and Servants c. yea Carmens and Porters Wives put on which increaseth the number of the former double But compute these sorts of Silken Heads and Shoulders worn by these Gammers to sixty thousand persons and compute that expence but at twenty Shillings each person a year it consumes of the Wealth of this Kingdom sixty thousand Pounds per ann Besides it turnes â—elt-making one of the expensivest Manufactures of Wooll in the Countrey and consequently one of the profitablest For it did not only manufacture a great proportion of our Woolls but employed therein a great number of industrious people And suppose the same number of Servants and mean mens Wives and Daughters c. that now wear Silk-hoods and Scarfs wore Hats or Searge-hoods at five Shillings each the Wooll being nor valued above half the price the profit of the Countrey by the labour of the people that is now lost would amount unto seven thousand five hundred Pounds per. ann So that by this one consumption of foreign Silk-Manufacture with its prevention of consuming of our own damnifies this Kingdom sixty seven thousand five hundred Pounds per ann Obj. If this be so how comes it England and France that much exceed Ireland's expence in Garbs and yet both flourishing Kingdoms in Trade and Wealth Answ First it is not granted they exceed Ireland the quantity and quality of the people considered for these Countreys are not only much more populous but far more wealthy and although the Nobility and Gentry of France are expensive yet the Peasant or ordinary People are restrained both by Law and Custom to wear the most ordinary product of their own Countrey And as I observed before the State of France gains rather than loses by the Garbs of particular persons For they sell more to others than pays for the foreign matter they manufacture for themselves But let us compare our selves with England the State and Garb whereof being more generally known to us than that of France and we shall find we much exceed England in the profuseness of our expences this way if the quality and quantity of persons be considered First England must be considered as a Family after many years gathering by great pains and good husbandry in possession of a great well-setled Estate but Ireland as a young Beginner if it have yet begun in the way to get Wealth And if a Gentleman of a thousand Pounds per ann will keep the Port and spend at the rate of another of ten thousand Pounds per ann the mischief of the Parity will soon appear and England does not only possess ten times the Wealth of Ireland but drives ten times his Trade and twenty to one is great odds in expences Secondly if England must be Irelands pattern in Garbs and Expences then review Englands Garb and Expences when its state was more sutable to Ireland and you will find it very mean and homely to what Ireland is now and as it increased in Wealth so in the expensiveness of its Garb and Port and so soon as the people began to break bounds on that hand the wisdom of those times saw reason to restrain them by sumptuary Laws as in the 17th of Edward the Third the Parliament ordained Rules for the Apparel of all Ranks and Degrees of persons as followeth First The Apparel of the Servants of Lords c. was not to exceed the value of twenty six shillings and eight pence their Wives and Children suitable and to wear no Deils above the value of twelve pence Secondly Handicrafts and Yeomen their whole Garment not to exceed the value of 40 shillings no Silk nor Silver c. their Wives Daughters suitable in their Vesture and Apparel to wear no Veil of Silk but of Yarn made within the Realm no Furs but Lamb Coney Cat and Fox Thirdly All Gentlemen under the state of a Knight having not above a Hundred pounds Rent per annum their Apparel not to exceed three pounds six shillings and eight pence if Rents of two Hundred Marks per annum and above they might wear Cloth to the value of Five Marks with Cloth of Silk and Silver their Wives and Children any Furs but no Ermines c. Fourthly Citizens worth Five Hundred Pounds to the value of Knights of One Hundred Pounds per annum if worth 1000 l. they might wear in the manner of Knights and Gentlemen of Two Hundred Pounds Rent per annum none of their Servants to exceed the value allowed to the Servants of Lords before mentioned Fifthly All Knights and Ladies that possess Lands or Rents above the value of Four Hundred Marks per annum to a thousand may wear their pleasure except Ermines and Iewels only on their Heads Sixthly all Ecclesiastical persons according to the custom of their Dignity or proportionably to their yearly Revenue by the former Rules of Knights and Gentlemen Lastly all Labourers and other people not worth forty Shillings are to wear Cloth not above 12 pence per yard These Rules were strengthned with the penalty of forfeiting all things worn contrary to them and by the same Statute Clothiers are injoyned to make their Clothes sutable to the Rates These Laws with some addition and increase of Penalties were again confirmed by Parliament the â—â—ard year of Edward the Fourth being near one hundred years after with power given to the Justices of the Peace to see the Statutes observed annexed to this Preamble Prayeth the Commons Assembled in Parliament to our Soveâ—â—â—â— Lord the King to call to his gracious Remembrance that in the times of his Noble Progenitors divers Ordiâ—â—â—â—◠〈◊〉 Statutes were made in this Realm of England for the Apparel and 〈…〉 Commons of the said Realm no â—â—ll Men 〈◊〉 Women so that none of them ought to use or wear ony inordinate and exâ—ensive Apparel but according to their Degrees which Statutes are not observed to the great displeasure of God and impoverishing this Realm c. And again in the twenty second year of the said King in Parliament Regulated and Confirmed with severe Penalties annexed to this Preamble Because that our Sovereign Lord the King hath conceived by a Petition made unto him by the Commons that divers Statutes and Ordinances touching restraint of excessive Apparel c. by their not due executions his said Realm is fallen into great misery and poverty and like to fall into more unless there be better Remedy provided c. Again in the seventh year of Henry the 8th these Laws were corrected and inlarged with more severe Penalties and all the former Acts repealed annexed to this Preamble Forasmuch as the great and costly Array used within this Realm contrary to the good Statutes thereof made hath been the occasion of great impoverishing of the Kings Subjects and provok'd divers of them to Rob and do Extortion and other unlawful deeds to
maintain their 〈◊〉 Arrayes be it therefore Ordained by the Authority of this present Parliament It is true as England increased in Trade and Wealth so the rigour of these Laws slackned not that it was best they should do so but indulged as a more tolerable evil which the Realm was better able to bear yet to this day the middle sort of people in England are much more modest and sparing than those of the same Rank in Ireland Now whether it may not be convenient so far to revive Sumptuary Laws as may give some Restraint to the great Extravagances of this National Consumption that so threatens the Impoverishing of this Kingdom is worth the Governments Consideration And when Ireland arrives to the same state of Trade and Wealth of England then these Enormities will be more tolerable but as the case now stands the same Reason that governed our Ancestors herein ought to bear sway with us But this Extravagancy in Garb is not only thus ruinous and destructive to the Wealth of Ireland but also is accompanied with many other intolerable Inconveniences First The most God-provoking Sin of Pride for which the most dreadful Judgments of God hath laid waste and ruined Nations as Esay 3 c. is manifested by this Immoderateness in Garb. Secondly This Extravagancy of the meaner sort provokes the Nobility and Gentry to that height of Excess herein to the weakning of their Estates that the same Patrimony their Ancestors lived plentifully on kept noble Houses did many good Works and yet increased their Estates without raking their Tennants they cannot live on without running greatly into Debt some of them till Tradesmen will trust them no more and all to keep themselves distinguished from their Inferiours Thirdly It ingenders Emulation or rather Disdain in the minds of those of higher Degree against the meaner sort when they observe they cannot put themselves into any Garbe or Mode but they will be in it nay out do the gravest of them Fuller tells us of Sir John Collthrop a Norfolk Knight in the Reign of Henry the 7. sent to his Taylor at Norwich as much Cloth of the Mode-colour as would make him a Garment which a Shoomaker seeing imployed the Taylor to buy him of the same which so vext the Knight that he caused the Taylor to pink his Garment full of Holes which cured the Shoomaker of his proud Humour he vowed never to be of the Gentlemans Fashion again But let the Knight now change his Fashion once a month the Shoomaker will vie with him if all the Shooes in his Shop will pay for it Fourthly It abates and wears off that due Reverence and Respect Inferiours owe to Superiours for my Gaffer thinks himself as good a man as my Lord when he observes himself as fine and where neither of them are known shall contract as much Observation and Respect Fifthly This unlimited Extravagancy of the meaner sort is the chief cause of our intolerable consumption of Foreign Manufacture for the Nobility and Gentry are not the twentieth part of the number that consume our Foreign Silks and Modes and their Consumption would not be felt by the Nation if the other were restrained and injoyned to wear our own Manufacture it would treble the damage by imploying our own poor and consuming the Growth of the Country which would inrich the Tennant and proportionably raise the Rents and value of Land Sixthly It necessarily raiseth the Wages of all Artists Labourers and Servants for they may better afford to work for two thirds of their wages and live better of it if it were not for the excessive increase of the Charge of their Families by this vanity of living higher and being finer And this increase of Wages is the greatest Tax on the Nation though the receiver is made no richer only sprucer and lazyer Seventhly This spruce Garb of both Sexes especially the Female is the greatest inticement to those filthy Lusts of the Flesh this age wallows in as that Debauching Custom of Healthing is the great provoker to the swinish sin of Drunkenness so this spruceness of Garb and Apparel is the great allurement to those abominable Adulteries so shamelessly practiced amongst us For when the Debauches of a place observe mean mens Wives and Daughters adorned above the Ranks and Estates of their Parents or Husbands they fancy they are designed for Invitations to incourage them to attaque their Chastity and find themselves not always mistaken That it would be seasonable to revive that Law or Custom in use amongst the Hebrews that all persons convict or notoriously fâ—med for Strumpets should wear one sort of Attire which custom made Judah suspect his Daughter in Law Thamor when he saw her in the Attire of an Harlot to be one And in the year 1353. the Parliament of England on the Petition of the Mayor and City of London past an Act that no infamous Woman should wear any Hoods or other Attire upon her Head but stript Cloth of divers colours Stows Survey of London p. 553 We have not only abundant testimony in the Old Testament of these notorious Remarks put upon lend Women in the Jews Common Wealth but the Heathen themselves by Light of Nature provided against the same evil The Romans had their Law Oppia that no Woman of what degree soever might have any Ornaments or Jewels bove half an ounce weight of Gold nor wear any rich or gorgeous Attire c. which Law was made when the Punick Wars were at the height in the Consulship of Fabius about the time Annaball won the Victory at Canne and distressed Rome but about 20 years after in the time of Portius Cato c. the Roman Dames clamour'd against it In the defence thereof Cato made a large and vehement Oration what would they have saith he marry this that they may glister in their Golden Jewels and shine in their purple Robes c. that they may not be stinted in their excessive Expences in dissolute Profusion in costly Varieties and Supefluities c. Many a time saith he ye have heard me complain of the wastful and sumptuous Bravery of Women and as often have you heard me inveigh against the lavish spending of men not only private persons but Magistrates also and how this City of ours is sick of two contrary Diseases to wit pinching Avarice and superfluous Prodigality two Plagues I say that have been the bane and overthrow of all great Monarchs and flourishing Empires c. To conclude saith he my opinion is that at no hand the Law Oppia be repeal'd and so I pray all the Gods to vouchsafe a Blessing on you †Titus Livius p 1686. c. Oh! what miserable Christians are such that are so far from Modesty or Shame that they glory in those enormities moral Heathens were ashamed of that would rather let Common Wealth sink and Posterity be ruin'd than abate their Prodigality and Excess Zalencus the Lawgiver of the Locrians made
all their lives should be so rude to accuse and condemn them then when they will have no other Friend to plead for them or that their faithful Ministers who frequently warn'd them from the Pulpit will be so little Gentlemen as to witness against them at that Bar or that the merciful Judge will be so severe to send them away with a Go ye cursed into Hell fire prepared for the Devil and his Angels for the omission of so smaall a Duty as they now esteem sincere and timely Repentance Or at the worst if he should the Devils will be afraid to seise them lest they should take it for an Affront that deserves a Cudgelling or at least will not be so ungrateful as to torment such faithful Servants to their Interest in the World that were always at their beck and never rejected one of their Temptations these are such as the Prophet Isaiah complains of in his time who said We have made a Covenant with Death and with Hell we are at an agreement when the overflowing Scourge shall pass thorough it shall not come unto us I say no thought can be so vile nor imagination so absurd no day-dream nor Enthusiastical delusion can parallel the depraved Fancies of these Professors of Prophaneness if we may judge the Tree by their Fruits or mens Hearts by their Lives who Saint Paul reproves with Tears Philippians 3.18 that they so walk as they are a shame to the Christian Religion whose God is their Belly whose Glory is their Shame c. And in vain shall we strive to rescue the Obstruction of our Trade and Consumption of our Wealth from the Desolating Influences of these four sorts of Debauchees until Atheism and Prophaneness are esteemed more God-provoking Sins and more ignoble and ingentile Qualities Herbert Oh how corrupt's the Nature of mans Will That breaks those Laws which very Beasts fulfil When we have lost our way to God how level How easie to be sound 's the way to 'th Devil CHAP. VI. Stating the intolerable Charge and Expence Ireland is at by maintaining Foreigners to its peculiar Interest in the most profitable Imployments and Offices I shall only make my Observations of what Ireland hath suffered thereby these fifteen years viz. from the 28th of July 1662. the Duke of Ormond first entred on the Government until the 24th of August 1677. the Earl of Essex surrendered which Charge and Expence I shal reduce to these seven Heads 1. By the Court of Claims 2. By the Farmers of the Kings Revenue and Treasury 3. By special Grants upon the Treasury of Gratuities and Pentions to Non-residents 4. By Foreign Merchants and their Factors 5. By exporting and importing on Foreign bottoms 6. By Absentees 7. By the Chief Governours  Yearly Charge Total 1 BY the Court of Claims the Commissioners all Foreigners besides several Counsellors Assistants and Servants and tho' there were reasons why the Judges of this Court shuold be such as were not interested in the Estates of Ireland yet what they gained was so much loss to the Country for   Besides what other advantages and profits they made they receiv'd 1 penny per Acre upon all Lands passing their Court being 6883 846 Acres which amounts to  28682 13 10 All other advantages to them and theirs coming in and going out with them cannot be estimated to less than  5000 00 00 2. The last Sett of Farmers with their Commissioners all Forreigners and about 20 of the best sort of their Officers came and returned with them   1. The Profit of their Farm estimated at per an 10000 00 00  for seven years amounts to  70000 00 00 Besides the Interest the King paid for their seventy thousand pound advance-money at per annum 7000 00 00  which for seven years amounts to  49000 00 00 2. The Salary of their five Commissioners at 500 l. each is per annum 2500 00 00  which for seven years amounts to  17500 00 00 3. Twenty Officers Foreigners at 100 l. one with another is per ann 2000 00 00  which for seven years amounts unto  14000 00 00 I take no notice of the first sett of Farmers because they were our Countrymen and our Common-Wealth did enjoy them and their Gains after their Farm was determined   The Contracters for the Treasury being not accountable we cannot so well compute their Gains but I have heard some more capable of guessing affirm that when all their Arrears are got in they cannot gain less than 60000 l. 2 thirds of them being Foreigners is damage to the Country 40000 l. their Commissioners being most our Country-men or staying with us I shall not account their Salaries loss to the Country and I cannot learn they imploy'd many Foreigners under them  40000 00 00 3. Special Pentions and Annuities payable by the Establishment for Ireland to persons not inhabiting there computed at per ann 5000 00 00  which for fifteen years amounts to  75000 00 00 4. The fourth Expence is by Foreign Merchants and their Factors which can no way be exactly computed but by examining the Custom-house Books but at least one moyety of the whole Traffique of the Nation is carried on by Forreign Stocks the whole Profit accrewing to the Foreigner is estimated to be at least per ann 40000 00 00  Then one half of this Trade is managed by foreign Factors which must amount unto at least the eighth part of the profit of their principals which is per ann 5000 00 00  this charge for 15 years amounts to  675000 00 00 For what Factorage is given to our own Inhabitants 't is no loss but gain to the Country all which may be easily preserved to them without obstructing Trade or lessening the Kings Customs as I shew in the Chapter of Company Trade   5. Our trading in foreign bottoms is a vast Charge to this Kingdom computed at least to amount unto per annum 60000 00 00  Besides the loss of the Seamens Habitations and Families expences the chief Inhabitans of Port-towns as also the many Artists imployed in building repairing rigging of Ships c. at least per annum 30000 00 00  damage as I shall further evidence in the Chapter of Shipping which may all be saved by Corporation-Trade as appears in that Chapter   This expence of 90000 pound per annum for 15 years amounts to  1350000 00 6. Above any of 〈◊〉 the Stock drained ou◠of this Kingdom by Absentees which is now augmented above treble what it was formerly by the great Estates the Adventurers possess who being most of them estated men in England live there and draw over a vast sum of Money yearly they possess of the Lands of this Kingdom 787326 Acres which valued at 2 s. an Acre one with another much of their Lands lying in the best parts of the Kingdom
amounts to 78732 l. 12 s. per annum and it is judged the Estates of his Royal Highness the Earles of Corke   Anglesey and Strafford with other Noblemen and Gentlemen of England by old and new Titles draw over as much more both which is per annum 157465 40  which they spend and lay out in Purchases in England c. which for 15 years amounts to  2361978 0 0 So that this one drain if no sluce can be contrived to stop its current must necessarily draw Ireland dry of Wealth if all the forementioned impediments were removed which our predecessors have long groaned under and several strict Laws have been made to prevent it as in the third year of Richard 2. Sir John Davies gives an account of an Ordinance made in England against such as were absent from their Lands in Ireland which gave two thirds of their Profits to the King until they returned to Ireland or placed a sufficient number of Englishmen to defend the same Which saith he was grounded upon good reason of State and was put in execution for many years after as appeareth by sundry Seisures made thereupon in the time of Richard the 2. Henry the 4. Hen. 5. and Hen. 6. whereof there remain Records in the Remembrancers Office here amongst the rest the Duke of Norfolk himself was not spared but impleaded upon this Ordinance for two parts of the Profit of his Estate and afterwards himself the Earl of Shrewsbury the Lord Berkley and others who had Lands in Ireland kept their continual residence in England were entirely reassumed by the Act of Absentees made the 28th year of King Hen. 8. thus much Sir Jo. Davies p. 199.   And though it might seem hard these Laws should now be executed yet it is harder a Nation should be ruined and if themselves be necessarily detained in His Majesties Service or by their greater concerns in England yet why they should not consign their Interest in this Kingdom to their younger Sons c. or be engaged some other way to spend a good part of their Rents here is not easily answered unless private mens Interest be to be prefer'd before the publick for this is a burthen this Kingdom will not be long able to bear   I might also insist upon the great expence this Kingdom is at in educating the Sons of most persons of Quality in the Inns of Court and Universities in England and Foreign Countries which is computed to cost this Country at least 10000 pound per ann as also the necessary Attendance of our Nobility and Gentry at Court besides the Expences of their Persons and Retinue their Charge for new Honours Offices and Estates computed to 10000 pound per ann is for both per ann 20000 0 0  which for fifteen years amounts to  300000 0 0 7. The chief Governors for eight years of this Period aliens to Irelands peculiar Interest their Salaries and Perquisites at least per annum 12000 l. their Attendants and Dependents coming and returning with them estimated at 1000 l. per annum both which for the said eight years amounts to  104000 0 0 Add to this the voluntary unnecessary expence of this Kingdom in foreign Manufactures c. as stated Chapter the second is per annum 267500 0 0  which for fifteen years amounts to  4012500 0 0 As also the Expence of Debaucherys treated of in chap. 3. computed at per anum 294000 0 0  which for the like time amounts to  4410000 00 00 There is also to be added as a yearly Charge in case of the Chief Governors being a Foreigner to Irelands Interest 13000 0 0  The yearly Charge of Ireland is per an 913465 4 0  The total for this Period is  13512660 10 A Consumption great enough to begger rich England much more poor Ireland   The End of the First Part. THE INTEREST OF IRELAND IN ITS TRADE and WEALTH STATED PART II. Proposing Expedients for Ireland's Relief against its Trade-obstructing and Wealth-consuming Maladies hinted in the first Part. By Richard Lawrence Esq Dublin Printed by Jos Ray for Jo. North Sam. Helsham J. Howes W. Winter and El. Dobson Booksellers 1682. An Alphabetical Table of the principle things in the second Part. A. THe Act of Parliament of 17 Car. 2. Irelands Magna Charta and why p. 49 50 Army of Ireland to be managed for the planting of the Countrey and how p. 97 Army of Ireland how it ought to be qualified p. 114 115 Aliens why Protestants of England are to be so esteem'd to the peculiar Interest of Ireland p. 115 to 122 Apostates first from Primitive Purity and Truth in Religion who p. 218 to 220 Antichrist who so esteem'd by Popish Authors p. 206 to 221 B. Of Banks p. 1 2 3 4 Bankers their Insolvency hath been a great damage to Ireland p. 4 Bank East-India its Constitution p. 7 Bankers great benefit by their united Stocks p. 8 Banks prosperity depends on the Princes countenance p. 9. Banks universally useful to a Countrey lowers Interest Exchange and nurseth Manufacturies p. 10 11 Banks secure Peace rescue Trade out of Forreigners hands increase Shipping Fishings c p. 12 13 Banks accommodate persons of all Ranks and Trades p. 16 17 Bank methods of managing p. 37 38 Bank Security is most visible solvent and freest from trouble and hazard p. 35 Babylon mystical where p. 220 221 C. Corporation Trade the foundation of the great Trade of London Amsterdam Venice c. p. 17 Corporation Trade raised the Hance-Towns of Germany p. 18 Corporation Trade still enrich'd the place of its residence p. 25 Governs the Trade of the Countrey p. 32 Catalogue of Irelands chief Governors from ann 1271 to 1680. p. 122 to 156 Coins whether advisable to enhance their Value or debase their Alloy in Ireland p. 173 to 181 Council of Trent their Illegality c. p. 215 to 217 Christians in Asia Affrica c. of the Protestant Faith exceed the number of Papists in Europe p. 218 D. Divisions in Religion much obstruct the Trade and Wealth of Ireland p. Q. R. Dissenters ought to avoid being engaged in Factions of State p. M. N. O. Dissenters cannot rationally expect protection from a Prince or State to whom they will not give all security in their power for their Loyalty p. L. M. Dissenting Protestants not dangerous to the State of Ireland though they were as malignant against the Religion establish'd as the Papists p. I. K. L. Doctrine of Devils by whom taught p. 221 E. Englands danger if Ireland were possess'd by an enemy especially by the French Englands just Title to what they possess of Ireland p. 73 to 76 Englands Factions still weakned its Interest in Ireland p. 75 76 Establishment of Ireland p. 156 to 162 Excommunication of Princes by Popes frequent p. 233 234 Errors in Nonconformity more dangerous than errors in Conformity when p. O. P.
the Account cleared without receiving or paying a peny of Money The which is also practicable in most other cases and all these Assignments have the security of a Bond of the Staple whereby not only the hazard and trouble of Moneys as before but the hazard of disappointment and the charge and delay of Law-suits is wholly prevented and this is not only as to intire sums but the 100 l. may be as easily assigned to 20 persons with a little more trouble in writing and will not only be useful in this case of Traffick and prevent the hazard and charge many Merchants now undergo by the ignorance or unfaithfulness of their Casheers but also accommodate other persons that have occasion to pay or receive Money As for example A Gentleman having an Estate in several parts of the Kingdom far distant from his dwelling may order his Rents to be paid in the next adjacent Bank and being there lodged he may transmit it to any other Bank in the Kingdom and thou assign a Debtor or other person to receive it And this sort of payment being all visible in Bank will be a more certain Discharge or Acquittance than any other that can be given and will wear all other Specialties much out of use and prompt all men to choose Bank-Security before any other where he may have his Money on Rebate at any time before it 's due Besides this Bank-credit will be a conveniency and great incouragement to young Merchants who may be both ingenious and industrious yet their small Stocks being lodged in Goods which they cannot dispose by reason the Market is cloyed or other accidents whereas upon the security of these Goods they may have Credit in Bank to keep up their Trade and pay off such Debts out of the product of such Goods as they can dispose of them to their best advantage Or suppose a Clothier Tanner or Chandler c. have disburst their Stocks in providing Cloath Leather or Tallow and Markets fail at the season expected the charge of Ware-Houses and Servants c. lye upon them though they have no free Stock to keep them at work are thereby eaten up but if they have this Bank to come unto proportionable to the quantity of their Commodities they are supplyed with Money or Credit to go on chearfully in their Callings Or it may happen an honest and sufficient Man may be indebted upon a Statute or Judgment and cannot raise the Money by the time limited nor the Creditors occasions for his Money suffer him to forbear it the Credit of one is preserved and the Want of the other supplyed without extremity of charge and damage to either since the Bank upon Security answers the Money And besides the general benefit to the Kingdom by increasing Trade and Commerce there will not be a person of the highest or lowest Rank but will find a conveniency and benefit by the Bank A Nobleman of 10000 l. per ann may have occasion for 500. or 1000 l. more or less some short time before his Rent come in but without Mortgaging part of his Estate and paying six months Interest no man will trouble himself to pay and receive Money whereas if himself or any friend of his have Credit in Bank he is supply'd for what weeks or days he pleases And so a poor man ingenious and industrious could put himself into a way to maintain his Family comfortably could he procure but a smal Sum of Money if he goes to Pawn-brokers it is ordinary with them to demand Six pence or Four pence a week for every Pound which for a year is more than the Principal whereas by the Bank Lumber he may be supplied if not gratis yet at less than legal Interest and by this the Jews and Dutch preserve themselves from Beggers the feeblest amongst them if not bed-rid are put into a capacity to get their livelihoods and for others Hospitals are provided Therefore let not this Bank Traffique be rejected as an unpracticable notion for it is beyond contradiction that England c. have raised themselves from little to great Trade thereby and so may Ireland if not wanting to it self This expedient of Banks and Company-trade were the first foundation of the great Traffique of other Countries flourishing in Trade as Venice Florence Belgia c. where the very Constitutions of their Government are form'd principally for the promotion of Trade their Princes and Nobles being their chief Merchants and their Senates Councils of Trade And the Hans-Towns of Germany raised their Trade by this means who were the first Corporation of Trade we read of above sixty Towns and Cities united their Stocks and Policies of which Lubeck Brumswick Danzick and Cullen were the chief places of their Residence and so great was their Trade and Credit under that Constitution that all Princes granted them Priviledges and they kept their Courts by their Deputies and Councils at Bergen Novagrade Antwerpe and London where King Henry 3. granted them great Priviledges and the Still-yards for their residence which they enjoyed near 300 years and managed their Trade by an Alderman and Council c. called the Yeild of the Hans ingrossed the Trade of England for Grain Cables Mast Pitch Tar c. until by their example each Country learnt the knowledge of Trade themselves and dismissed them And in the year 1551. being the 5. of Edw. 6. upon complaint of the English Merchants their priviledges were seised into the Kings Hands and the Trade ever since enjoyed by the Merchants of London to the great enriching of that famous City And the best president I can lay before Ireland is England who untill the Reign of Hen. 3. was as confused and consequently as low in Trade as Ireland is now but hath been especially for these last 140 years the most flourishing Kingdom in Trade in the world and they must commence the rise and growth of their Trade from their beginning to trade by united Stocks and Policies for which a Patent was first obtained by the Merchant Staplers from Edw. 3. from which time we find our Statute Books crowded with excellent Laws for the encouraging and regulating Trade which yet did not arrive to its height and splendor until about the beginning of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth who did not only confirm what was done by her Predecessors but augmented and greatly enlarged the Priviledges of that ancient Company of Staplers and confirmed the Charter of the Muscovy Company newly granted by Philip and Mary and ordained in her time three new Corporations for Trade which enlarged the Trade of England abundantly viz. the East-India the Levant and Eastland Companies the Priviledges of all which have been confirmed and enlarged with great respect by all her Successors in Parliament and His Majesty that now is hath added the African and Canary Companies that if we had no other Argument to prove united Stocks and Policies in Trade the great if not the only means to
Cocket to the Customer and he to send a Copy of it to the Clerk of the Licenses or otherwise the Bonds be deliver'd to the Mayor of the Staple to be put in suit These Rules being observed I dare undertake to answer for every pound of Wool wrong transported and without some such Expedient the Manufactures of England as well as Ireland will be ruined by the Transportation of Irish Wools to foreign Markets This Company of Staplers being the first Corporation of England for the Regulation of Trade it was dandled and hugg'd by the State as that which contained the spirit and life of all the Traffique of the Kingdom not only to regulate the abuses of Trade but to recover their Trade out of the hands of Foreigners especially the Yeild of the Hance beforementioned who by reason of their great Stock and Credit from so many foreign Cities incorporated with them ingrossed the chief Trade of England particular Merchants being not able to thrive under their shadow which was the reason the Staple was so often removed from Country to Country and City to City still to way-lay and interpose betwixt the Yeild of the Hance and the Trade of England The original or beginning of the Yeild of the Hance I find not but Fitz Stephen a Monk of Canterbury who wrote in the time of King Stephen observes that Merchants of all Nations had their distinct Keys and Wharfs in London the Hance or Dutch had the Still-yards the French for the Wines the Vintry c. William of Malmesbury who wrote in the time of the Conqueror called London a Noble City frequented with the Trade of Merchandizes from all parts of the World Malmesbury cites Clifford declaring the same in Edward the Confessors time 1042. and how long before is uncertain but so long it was that they had ingrossed the chief Trade of England c. and had taken such deep root it cost the State great trouble and the Staple great labour before they could loosen them Edward the first began it at Westminster then removed it to Canterbury in Honour of Thomas Becket then to Bruges in Flanders from thence to the divers places in England and Ireland beforementioned next to Calice in order to strengthen and support that Garrison at which time the King had granted him in Parliament the twenty sixth of his Reign Fifty shillings upon every Sack of Wool transported for six years and at the same time there were yearly transported more than one hundred thousand Sacks of Wool that during the six years the said Grant brought into the Kings Exchequer one Million five hundred thousand pounds sterling In the 37th of Edward the third it was granted to him for two years to take twenty six shillings and eight pence upon every Sack of Wool transported and the same year the Staple notwithstanding the Kings Oath and other great Estates was ordained to be kept at Calice and twenty six Merchants the best and wealthiest of all England to be Farmers there both of the Town and Staple for three years every Merchant to have six Men of Arms and four Archers at the Kings cost he ordained there also two Mayors one for the Town and one for the Staple and he took Mala capta commonly called Mallorth twenty shillings and of the said Merchants Guardians of the Town forty pence upon every Sack of Wool In the 44th of Edward the third Quinborough Kingstone upon Hall and Boston were made Staples of Wool which matter so offended some that in the 50th year of his Reign in a Parliament at London it was complained that the Staple of Wool was so removed from Calice to divers Towns in England contrary to the Statute appointing that Citizens and Merchants should keep it there and that the King might have the Profits and Customs with the Exchange of the Gold and Silver that was there made by all the Merchants in Christendom esteemed to amount to Eight thousand pounds by the year the Excharge only and the Citizens and the Merchants so ordered the matter that the King spent nothing upon Souldiers neither upon Defence of the Town against the Enemies whereas now he spent Eight thousand pounds by the year in the 51th year of Edward the third when the Staple was settled at Calice the Mayor of the Staple did furnish the Captain of the Town upon any Road with one hundred Bill-men and two hundred Archers of Merchants and their Servants without any Wages In the year 1388. the 12th of Richard the second in a Parliament at Cambridge it was ordained that the Staple of Wools should be brought from Middleborough in Zealand to Calice In the 14th of his Reign there was granted forty shillings upon every Sack of Wool and in the 21th was granted fifty shillings upon every Sack transported by Englishmen and three pounds by Strangers c. It seems that all Commodities of the Realm are staple Merchandizes by Law and Charter as Wools Leather Wool Fells Led Tin Cloth c. King Henry the sixth had six Wool-houses within the Staple at Westminster those he granted to the Dean and Canons of St. Stephen at Westminster and confirm'd it the 21. of his Reign Thus much for the Staple have I shortly noted out of Stows Survey of London fol. 496 497. Now by this account of the Staple it is easie to imagine of what a high value it was both to the Kings and Parliaments of England for upwards of 200 years no new Corporations for Trade were constituted and as they increased in Trade it abated of its ancient vigor and splendor after it had worn out all Foreigners and rescued the Clothing Trade from the Dutch that the Wools of England were prohibited the Transportation of which being its chief support But Ireland yet transporting most of its Wools it can lay the Foundation of a Corporation for the Increase of its Foreign Traffique upon no better basis the Statute Staple being yet in force in Ireland it will make their Constitution legal until a Parliament be called and no better Methods and Rules can be contrived than what the Statute Staple institutes CHAP. II. The second Expedient to recover Irelands Decays in its Trade and Wealth is to endavour to convince England that it is the Interest both of King and Realm to promote it 1. THat it is the Interest of England that the English Interest in Ireland should grow and flourish in Trade and Wealth is manifest though it hath been its ruining fate to have it otherwise apprehended by Statesmen of England both in Court and Parliaments which must proceed from taking wrong measures of the English Interest of Ireland especially since the suppression of the last Rebellion For it is with Politick as with Natural Bodies whilst the peccant Humour that seeds the Disease is most predominant the Body must be kept low but so soon as the natural Strength gains the dominion over the Distemper the more ye nourish it the faster
the naked English were massacred therefore it is the Interest of this Kingdom it should be penal in the Officers of the Army to inlist and muster any of the settled Inhabitants capable of serving in the Militia for thereby the Country is weakned in its Military strength and the King disappointed of a marching Army whereas were all persons thus qualified disbanded and the Officers prohibited listing such without special License from the General you would soon have the Foot Companies filled with young brisk Lads who would throng out of England for Entertainment which would more tend to increase and strengthen the English Interest in Ireland than any other Expedient that can be proposed As it is the Interest of Ireland to give incouragement to English Protestants to come and enjoy Military Imployments and Preferments among them so is it the same for Civil and Ecclesiastical Imployments provided still they settle and abide with us But that which is the Grievance of this Kingdom is that either Military or Civil Imployments should be enjoyed by Nonresidents or otherwise persons who only come over to enjoy the Profit of their Office and so soon as they have received what Benefit it affords to return for England and carry their Gains with them of which sort Ireland has most suffered by English Chief Governours and English Farmers and Commissioners of the Revenue and their Attendants and Dependants coming and returning with them the Damage sustained by this Kingdom in the period of 15 years thereby is computed in the Chapter of Irelands involuntary Charge and Expence And that which I shall further endeavour to demonstrate is that it is not only its damage in respect of the Charge Ireland sustains but many other ways inconvenient and prejudicial 1. For the chief Governour though there might be some reason of State in times past why they should not only be of English Blood but English by Birth and Interest yet the case is altered now and the Act of Parliament in the 10th of Hen. 7th that none but such as were born in the Realm of England should be Constables of the Castles of Dublin Trim Athlone Leistipe Carlingford Wicklow c. had no respect to the civil politick Government but the Execution of penal Laws upon Offenders those Castles being made use of as Prisons to secure dangerous persons in which is declared in the body of the Statute viz. Which Castles have been negligently kept and such as have been committed to the Constables or Keepers of them for Treason Felony c. suffered to escape wilfully to the great prejudice of our Soveraign Lord and of all the said Land therefore be it ordained and enacted c. so that other Act 23d of Hen. 8th to regulate the Election of the chief Governour by the Council on the death of the Lord Lieutenant c. until the Kings pleasure was known did not respect preferring English by Birth before English by Blood but to secure the Sword from unfit Hands who by their powerful Interest might awe their own Election and be mischievous before the King could declare his pleasure as appears by the said Act * Irish Stat. fol. 214 215. as followeth The said Counsellours have full Power and Authority by vertue of this Act to elect and chuse one such person as shall be an Englishman and born within the Realm of England being no spiritual person to be Iustice and Governor of this Realm of Ireland during the Kings Highness Pleasure if there shall be at that time any such person within this Realm c. if not then to elect and chuse two persons of the said Council of English Blood and Sirname being no spiritual person c. which I cite to refute that vulgar Error that the Lord Lieutenant c. must be born in England because otherwise he is not capable of governing in the Castle of Dublin whereas the Office of Constable is a distinct inferior thing from the Governor of the Castle but whatever reason of State former times might have the case is otherwise now for as it is shewn in the Chapter of Englands Interest in Irelands Prosperity the state of the English Interest in Ireland is changed from a weak infirm state that needed Physick to a strong healthful state that only requires Food the Propriety of Lands the Plantation of Cities and strong Towns inhabited and governed by English the Countries so planted with English as all our High Sheriffs Justices of the Peace c. all English and the English Laws are duely and equally in all parts executed by English Judges and Officers c. 〈◊〉 â—jâ—rity of both Houses of Parliament Engl◠〈…〉 was never the case of Ireland â—â—fore that 〈◊〉 â—ow needs nothing but diligent 〈…〉 câ—â—roborate and improve its advantag◠〈◊〉 which none but such who are acquainted with 〈…〉 and Constitution and thoroughly 〈…〉 prosperity are capable of 〈…〉 1. Being unâ—â—quâ—iâ—â—â—â— with intelligent persons of the several Parties they 〈◊〉 understand the various and different â—â—â—nouâ— and Interests of the people indeed if the Inhabitants were all Irish Papists or all English Protestants or were these two grand parties of entire Interest among themselves their work were more easie but as they have each their grand Interest and bond of Friendship the Papists the Interest of their Church by whose aid and countenance they expect their Succour and the Protestants the Interest of their Prince by whose Authority and Favour they enjoy all they possess yet they have each amongst themselves their different and peculiar Interests both Religigious and Civil as I shall after shew And a Chief Governour unacquainted with persons and things will find it difficult work to carry himself to the equal satisfaction of all parties with Security to the Government and Incouragement of Trade c. 2. The short continuance sometimes two sometimes three years rarely four we had three in less than eight years viz. from the Lord Roberts entring September 18th 1669. to the Earl of Essex's surrender August 24th 1677. so that by that time they understand their Work they are called from it saith Borlacy The vicisitude of Governours hath been observed by some to be exceeding prejudicial to the publick private Respects often introducing notable things in the State according to their Interests who governed not the publicks diversi Imperatoribus mores diversa fuêre studia sometimes to the degenerating of the old English into the Irish customs through their negligence and indulgence other times to the alienating the Irish by their severity from the benefit of a well tempered and orderly Government both equally destructive to the Prince And yet too long a Residence in so eminent a Place may over-heat a great Spirit if not bounded with excellent Principles Whence the Romans those great Masters of Government rarely admitted their Vicegerents to brood on a Province that their Continuance there might not increase Self-interest The longest time any continued in this Government how
trusted with the Safety of the Victors Interest in their own Country unless they submitted and became Tributaries under Compact before conquered Not only these ancient but our modern Monarchs practice the same as the Grand Seignior and the German Empire consisting of many distinct Principalities and States yet all governed by their own Princes and Senators except what are in slavery and they by those Colonies sent to plant and keep them under the like are the Principalities and States of Italy under the Papal Regency which I hint to vindicate my Assertion from Novelty it having been the universal Policy in all Ages and Countries as all that are acquainted with History must grant But the case of the English in Ireland is far before these other cases they are not only English by priviledge as Paul was a Roman but English by Blood and many of them English by Birth they are so far from being a conquered or a tributary people that they are the Conquerors by vertue of whose Blood and the Blood of their Ancestors the Scepter of England is there swayed and the chief Security the Crown of England hath for its Regency is the Strength and Potency of the English in Ireland 1000 men raised for the Defence of Ireland of its own Inhabitants is worth two for the suppressing a Rebellion of new raised men out of England for besides their subjection to the Diseases of the Country at first which usually destroy a great part of them before they have been six months in the Field they have no motive to encourage them nor Interest to fight for but Honor and Profit whereas the other who have their Title from the Crown for every Acre they possess in Ireland are more engaged to secure the Interest of the Crown than the King himself is theirs few of the forfeiting Irish look so far as the King who reassumes and disposeth of their Estates but eye with indignation the present possessors as was manifest in the last horrid Massacre whilst they barbarously murthered the possessors of their Estates they both by Addresses and publick Remonstrances asserted their Loyalty to the King and though the Kings Interest at present suffer yet the Recovery of it is secure so long as England and Scotland can raise Souldiers to pour in upon them But the Subjects whose throats are cut and their Houses and Improvements destroyed Wives and Daughters ravished and Children murthered can have no reparation in this world and such as do escape with their lives are utterly ruined in their Fortunes oft constrained to sell a good part of their wasted Lands in the Irish Quarters for a third part of its value to procure Mony to preserve them and theirs from starving Now the Survivors to these Families are doubtless above all other people engaged to preserve and recover the Interest of the Crown in time of War and consequently most merit to enjoy the profitable Imployments of the Country in times of Peace being every way more engaged and better qualified for the Kings Service there than pro tempore persons who have no obligation upon them but their present Honour or Profit that if the Kingdom be lost under their Conduct if they can but preserve their Lives and Honours they lose nothing that pincheth afterward whereas the Noblemen and Gentlemen of Ireland some of which having Princely Estates may be reduc'd to extremity of want of which we had many woful presidents the last Rebellion and all the Politicks I have read esteem desperate hazard and danger will make a Coward valiant therefore advise to make a slying Enemy a golden Bridge much more engage the Hearts and Hands of persons of Honour and Courage when they they do not only fight for the King and their Country but for their VVives and Children their Houses and Lands as Nehem. 4.14 they cannot forget how many of their Wives and Daughters were ravished and innocent Children murthered in the sight of their dearest Relations and Friends and from thence will rather dye than fall into the Hands of such bloody miscreants whose tender mercies are cruelties which is not the case of new English Spencer pag. 8. treating of Military Officers puts a great weight upon imploying Officers acquainted with the Country saith he The Reducing of Ireland will ask no long time nor great charge so as the effecting thereof be committed to men of trust and sound experience in the Country but if left to such raw Captains as are usually sent out of England c. it will fall to the ground c. for before they have gather'd Experience they shall buy it with great loss to Her Majesty either by hazarding their Companies by ignorance of the places and manner of Irish Service or by losing much time to take out their lesson c. besides saith he there is a great wrong done to the old Souldiers when the Advancement due unto them is cut off by shuffling in these new cutting Captains into the places for which they have long served and well deserved To say the truth saith he me thinks it is meet before men be made Captains they should be first Souldiers pag. 84. for men throughly acquainted both with the state of the Country and manners of the people should be still continued pag. 85. Saith Livy The Romans could perform nothing memorable in their Conquest of Sicilia whilst they frequently changed the Commanders of their Army because new Commanders spent so much time in their new preparations chusing their Ground and insinuating themselves into the old Souldiery they had no time left for the management of their Affairs before they were removed but to prevent their Consuls from being removed from the head of their Armies being annually chosen they chose a Dictator Liv. Supplement 79. And that this hath been the Opinion of all our Kings of England since the Conquest of Ireland will more evidently appear by the ensuing Catalogue formed in two Columes to distinguish betwixt English and Irish Chief Governors only note that such of them as are in the English Colume 1. If they be sent again we esteem them of Ireland and place them in the Irish Colume supposing they were therefore sent because of their experience in and knowledge they have gained of the Country by their former Service c. 2. I do also esteem all of the Royal Line interested persons and therefore place them in the Irish Colume A Catalogue of the Chief Governors of Ireland from the first Conquest to the Year 1680. by which may be observed that persons related to and acquainted with and interested in Irelands Welfare have been most imployed in its Government by the Kings of England FFrom 1167. unto 1170. was spent by Strongbow and his Assistance in vindicating the Quarrel of Mac Murrogh King of Leinster c. 1171. The King jealous of Strongbows potency comes towards Ireland Srongbow meets him at Glocester surrenders all his Conquests to his Dispose returns with him to VVaterford
party in expectation matters might go better with them upon the Settlement than they feared the chief Contrivances of the people of each Faction being how to wipe themselves clean with each others foul Clouts by alledging something to extetenuate their own and aggravate others Offences 2. The great Confusion the Duke found that Kingdom in at his landing all Interests being unsettled and Minds unsatisfied both which were necessary to be composed and determined before the Improvement of the Kingdom by Trade could be thought on for till men knew their Interest in the Country as to their real Estates they had little reason to be much concerned in improving their personal Uncertain Titles to Lands are always attended with certain omissions of Improvements for men are not willing to build Houses for others to dwell in nor to improve Lands for others to possess Which was then more notoriously the state of the Inhabitants of Ireland in general than usually befalls a Country which will appear if you do but weigh the many distinct and contrary Interests producing several violent opposite Factions and Parties that Ireland was under at the Dukes access to the Government And for your Information or Satisfaction herein take this brief view of the state from the year 1660. to the year 1662. the Duke arrived 1. The Irish themselves notwithstanding the body of them could not be unsensible of their Guiâ—â— in the bloody massacring of so many hundreds oâ— thousands of English in cold blood yet they alledge their Displeasure was not against the King nor against the Kings good Subjects but for theiâ— own preservation against the fury of the Puritâ—â—â— party then so much favoured by the Parliament of England and therefore they hoped the worst construction would not be put upon their Actions but that the edge of that sharp Law of Decimo Septimo against their Estates passed by the King under some sort of necessity to satisfie the discontented people of England might be blunted A second sort of them that pleaded they were not concerned in the bloody Massacre and first Rising for they tendred their Service to the Crown till they observ'd the Commotion to be so general and themselves so far suspected they were not trusted that they had only choice which party they would be ruined by and therefore fell in with the rest of their Country men hoping by their Interest in their Councils to prevent further Extremities and to keep them in a capacity of accepting reasonable terms of Submission to the Government of England A third sort pleaded they accepted of the Cessation 1643. and closed in with the Peace in the years 1646 1648. and from that time were faithful to the Crown and bore Arms in the defence of its Interest against the Usurpers and many of them after they could do the King no further Service in Ireland served under the Banner of his Friends beyond Sea without the least defect until the time his of Majesties happy Restoration and from thence they concluded they had made amends for all their former faults There were a fourth sort who though least in number yet most deserving that pleaded Innocency as without any defect in the whole Transaction and they expected not only their own Estates but Reparation for past Sufferings And as these several Interests and Factions of the Irish thus divided them into parties so was it with the English Protestants 1. The unspotted Royalists that both in the English and Irish War never served under other but the Kings Banner they expected to be both first and best provided for who had a special provision made for them though not what they expected by the Act of Settlement under the denomination of the Forty nine Men. 2. Such who had served the King faithfully in his Wars in England and Ireland until the Kings Government was removed and then accepted of Imployments under the Usurpers in Ireland and these were generally known by the denomination of the Old Protestant party 3. They which seemed to be the most considerable both for Number and Interest being possest of the chief Imployments both Military and Civil at the Kings Restoration was the new Interest of Adventurers and Souldiers the first claiming Propriety by the Act of Decimo septimo and the other by their Service against the Irish in which they alledged they had done the King good Service though by his Enemies Commissions and they being suspicious the Lands of Ireland would not hold out to satisfie the Expectations of all those Interests it begat Factions both between the Adventurer and Souldier and between each party among themselves Those Adventurers that had payed their Subscriptions in due time pleaded Priviledge before those who failed in that point then the original Subscribers found themselves aggrieved the douâ—â—â—ng Ordinance men should invade their first Security so amongst the Souldiers those then in Arms pleaded in consideration of their good Services in the Kings Restoration they deserved to have the Kings Favours in the the Act of Settlement limited to such as were mustered in the next Muster after the Kings Interest was avowed but the others alledged they never intended to bring in the King until they had run themselves into such confusions in their Counsels and Convulsions in their State they knew not what to do which gave a fair opportunity to those Royallists amongst them in that shuffle of the Cards to turn up the Kings Interest Trumps Now these many different Interests rendred the work of Irelands Settlement both tedious and difficult that required both a skilful and tender Hand to compose for these contrary Interests produced contrary Humours which until the â—â—ke of Ormond landed work'd to that height 〈◊〉 opposition that every Eye was filled with envy and every Brow with indignation one against the other that if they met on the Road or passed by eâ—â—h other in the Street contempt and prejudice to a strange degree might be read in their deportment yet all the Factions unless that termed Fanatick bore up with a competent confidence but the generality of that party seemed to be much dejected every day more and more withering in their hopes in so much that many of them were preparing for voluntary Exile some to Plantations in America others into Holland or such parts of England as they supposed obscurity might give them most quiet and safety and in order thereunto sold considerable Interests in this Kingdom at very low rates some giving one moyety some loss to Favourites at Court to secure the Remain to themselves But soon after understanding that the Act of Settlement was neer perfected and that His Majesty was gratiously inclined to make no considerable distincton of Interests therein nor exception of persons included in his gratious Act of Indemnity â—â—d that the Duke of Ormonde who of all men had been most disobliged by the late Powers they feared would have been their greatest Enemy was the most concerned to secure their Interest
Adultery 18. That according to a probable Opinion if a Tax imposed on Merchandize is not just it is lawful to use false Weights to gain the more and if he be charged for so doing he may deny it by Oath making use of equivocal expressions when he is brought upon Interrogatories before a Judge Escober ad M.J. p. 93. A Tenent useful to Merchants but pernicious to the Farmers of Customs 19. That he who hath a will to commit all the venial sins that are doth not sin mortally Granados Diana Muchat ad M.J. p. 98. as they do that question the Popes Infallibity 20. That a man doth not commit any sin or is guilty of any irreverence towards God when he presumes to address himself to him in his devotions having an intent mortally to offend him Ad M.J. p. 98. 21. That a religous man having made use of a Woman may kill her if she offer to discover what passed between them Ad M.J. p. 19. You may easily guess what Religion this religious man is of You may read their pious slights as they call them Letter 10. p. 137. to 155. in the business of Confession Pennance and Absolution They affirm Absolution ought not to be denied or delayed though the Sinner continue in habitual sins against the Laws of God Nature and the Church though you discover not the least hope of amendment M.J. p. 145. vid. the Bishop of Machlin's Collection and Rejection of 43 horrid Errors ad M.J. p. 90. But what is yet mentioned are but little piccadilloes only inconvenient to neighbourly Society and civil Converse betwixt private persons and to blast their Reputation or deceive them of their Good and Lives is but a petty Retale trade Therefore I shall hint a few of their Whole-sale Merchants that trade for Empires Kingdoms and States which are the great Arms of the Tree of Supremacy c. the other but small Boughs and some of them twigs comparatively And that you may believe their deposing and dethroning Kings is from good Authority read the Reasons given by Saunders the Jesuit published by Ursinus p. 190. If the Pope be infallible which no Roman Catholick dare question there is great reason he should be supream and make Laws for the regulating the Consciences of fallible erring Princes and States the first we read of that assumed this supream Power as an Article of the Catholick Faith was Hildebrand which Dr. Paget observes pag. 248. and records his infallible princely Canons I shall only mention these few That it is lawful for the Bishop of Rome to make new Laws for the necessity of the times which all Princes and States are obliged to observe though they cross their own Laws and hazard the ruine of their Interest or Lives That the Pope only may use Imperial Robes lest temporal Princes should mistake their carnal Emperor for their spiritual Lord and Master That all Princes shall kiss the Popes Feet his Hands being seldom clean from Blood or Lips from Blasphemy That it is lawful for him to depose Emperors c. because they are so much his slaves as to let him That no general Synod might be called without his Holiness Command lest they should proceed contrary to his Instructions which his Council of Trent durst not do That he ought to be judged by no man lest they should judge him as others his predecessors to be Atheists Conjurers Blasphemers perjured persons Traytors Tyrants Whoremongers Sodomites infectious monsters of men That he is not to be accounted Catholik that agrees not with the Church of Rome Vid. Ursinus pag. 204. to 240. that never yet agreed with her self in any thing but what tended to the propagating Error and suppressing the Truth That Subjects do not sin when they refuse without reason alledged to submit to a Law whereof there hath been a legal Proclamation made by their Prince Ad M.J. p. 92. That Clergymen are not subject to secular Princes nor obliged to any obedience to their Laws even though those Laws are not any way contrary to the State Ecclesiastical pag. 92. Saith Bellarmine if the Pope should command us to sin we are bound to obey him Others say if the Pope should lead thousands to Hell we must not reprove him vid. Pooles Nullity of the Romish Faith p. 243. And admit their Popes to be such as Baronius Platina Genbrandus and others of their own Authors describe them to be monsters of men rather Defilers than Rulers of the Roman Seat prodigious slaves to all Vices and the wickedst of men none more filthy that is admit the Popes be as bad as Vice can make them yet saith Bellarmine Kings are rather Slaves than Lords Church-men being as far above them as the Soul is above the Body that Bishops who are at the Popes nod may depose them Nay saith Masconius Prins Romish Positions of Rebellion 1650. the Pope is above Law against Law and without Law and therefore can do all things he is Rex Regnum and Dominus Dominantium in short he hath the same Tribunal with God himself vid. Regula juris Romani quoted by Ursinus p. 193. Well might one of their great Clergymen say when he found a Bible he knew not who was the Author of it but sure he was some pestilent Heretick for he every where condemns the Doctrines of our Church Pooles Nullity of the R. F. p. 218. Their Sublimity and Immensity is so great said Cassenius Ursinus p. 186. no mortal man can comprehend it no man can express it no man can think it vide Bishop Taylors Dissu Part 1. He can increase the number of the holy Scriptures dethrone Kings and dispose of all temporal Dominions at his pleasure punish them with temporal punishments and this Power is more necessary over Princes than over Subjects if he could not depose Kings and compell their Subjects to execute his Power his Power were not only inefficax but insufficiens Review of the Council of Trent ' An excommunicate King may with impunity be deposed or killed by any one ' Suarez Des Fid. lib. 3. cap. 23. ' Nay F. Parsons affirms p. 149. that if any Christian Prince whatsoever decline the Roman Religion c. he presently loseth all Power and Dignity before any Sentence of the Pope is pronounced and his Subjects are absolved from all Oaths of Allegiance and ought to reject such a one from the Government of Christians by the strictest bond of Conscience and the utmost hazard of their Souls for he hath ipso sacto lost his Kingdom ' Id. p. 109. 149 160. ' The Pope is not only advanced by these Papal Janisaries above all the Emperors and Princes but above all that is called God ' vid. Prynnes Roman Positions of Rebellion 1650. Dr. Du Moulins Vind. Answ to Apolog. 1666. But to compleat all the rest lest any Promise or Faith engaged to Hereticks when Policy of State requires it should after