and yet which is almost incredible not one received any harm A strange miracle this was but what is yet a greater the River cures all diseases and infirmities Whoever steps in faint and disordered comes out sound and whole What a joyful sight was this for Angels and men So many thousands of a Proselyte nation coming out of the chanel of the same River as if it had been out of the womb of one Mother One single pool preparing so many inhabitants for the heavenly mansions Hereupon his Holiness Pope Gregory with all the companies of the Saints above broke forth into joy and could not rest till he had writ to Eulogius the holy Patriarch of Alexandria to joyn with him in that his transport for so vast a number being baptized on one Christmas day No sooner was the name of Christ preached in the English nation Religiâ—â— theâ—â—â—â— but with a most fervent zeal they consecrated themselves to it and laid out their utmost endeavours to promote it by discharging all the duties of Christian Piety by erecting Churches and endowing them so that no part of the Christian world could show either more or richer Monasteries Nay even some Kings preferred a religious life before their very Crowns So many holy men did it produce who for their firm profession of the Christian Religion their resolute perseverance in it and their unfeigned piety were Sainted that in this point 't is equal to any country in the whole Christian world And as that prophane Porphyrie stiled Britain a Province fruitful in tyrants so England might justly be called an Island fruitful in Saints Afterwards The â—â—ing oâ— Saxâ—â— they begun to promote humane learning and by the help of Winifrid Willebrod and others conveyed that and the Gospel together into Germany as a German Poet has told us in these Verses Haec tamen Arctois laus est aeterna Britannis Quòd post Pannonicis vastatum incursibus orbem Illa bonas artes Graiae munera linguae Stellarumque vias magni sydera coeli Observans iterum turbatis intulit oris Quin se relligio multum debere Britannis Servata latè circum dispersa fatetur Quis nomen Winfride tuum quis munera nescit Te duce Germanis pietas se vera fidesque Insinuans coepit ritus abolere prophanos Quid non Alcuino facunda Lutetia debes Instaurare bonas ibi qui foeliciter artes Barbariemque procul solus depellere coepit Quid tibi divinumque Bedam doctisssmus olim Tam varias unus bene qui cognoverat artes Debemus Let this to Britain's lasting same be said When barbarous troops the civil world o'respread And persecuted Science into exile fled 'T was happy she did all those arts restore That Greece or Rome had boasted of before Taught the rude world to climb the untrod spheres And trace th' eternal courses of the stars Nor Learning only but Religion too Her rise and growth to British soil doth owe. 'T was thou blest Winifred whose virtue's light From our dull climate chas'd the fogs of night Profanest rites thy pious charms obey'd And trembling superstition own'd thy power and fled Nor smaller tokens of esteem from France Alcuinus claims who durst himself advance Single against whole troops of ignorance 'T was he transported Britain's richest ware Language and arts and kindly taught them here With him his Master Bede shall ever live And all the learning he engross'd survive And Peter Ramus farther adds Briâ—â—â— twiâ— schâ—â—â—stris 〈◊〉 Fraâ—â— that Britain was twice School-mistris to France meaning first by the Druids and then by Alcuinus who was the main instrument made use of by Charles the Great towards erecting an University at Paris And as they furnish'd Germany with Learning and Religion so also with military discipline Nay The 〈◊〉 chiâ—◠〈◊〉 of thâ—â—â—â—ons 〈◊〉 Gerâ—â— what is more those Saxons who live in the Dukedom of Saxony are descended from them if we may depend upon Eginhardus's words The Saxon nation as antiquities tell us leaving those Angles which inhabit Britain out of a desire or rather necessity of settling in some new home march'd over sea towards the German Coasts and came ashore at a place named Haduloha 'T was about that time Theoderick King of the Franks made war upon Hirminfrid Duke of the Thuringi his son in law and barbarously wasted their land with fire and sword After two set battles the victory was still depending though there had been considerable losses on both sides Upon which Theoderick disappointed of his hopes of Conquest sent Ambassadors to the Saxons Their Duke at that time was one Hadugato who as soon as he heard their business and their proposals of living together in case of victory marched with an Army to their assistance By the help of these who fought it out stoutly like men that dispute for Liberty and Property he conquer'd the enemy spoil'd the inhabitants put most of them to the sword and according to promise yeilded the land to the Auxiliaries They divided it by lot and because the war had reduced them to so small a number that they could not people the whole part of it especially all that which lies Eastward they let out to the Boors each of which according to his quantity was to pay a certain Rent The rest they cultivated themselves On the South side of them lived the Franks and a party of the Thuringi who had not been engaged in the late war from whom they were divided by the river Unstrote On the North side the Normans a most resolute nation on the East the Obotriti and on the West the Frisians Against these they were always maintaining their ground either by truces or continual skirmishes But now let us return to our English Saxons The Saxons for a long time lived under their Heptarchy in a flourishing condition till at last all the other Kingdoms shatter'd with civil wars were subdued to that of the West-Saxons For Egbert King of the West-Saxons after he had conquered four of these Kingdoms and had a fair prospect of the other two to unite them in name as he had already done in government and to keep up the memory of his own nation â—ut the 〈◊〉 800. published an Edict wherein 't was ordered that the whole Heptarchy which the Saxons had possessed themselves of â—land should be called Engle-lond i.e. the land of the Angles From hence came the Latin Anglia taking that name from the Angles who of the three nations that came over were most numerous and most valiant The Kingdoms of Northumberland and Mercia two of the largest with that of the East-Angles were theirs whereas the Jutes had no more than Kent and the Isle of Wight and the Saxons East West and South-Saxony very narrow bounds if compared with those large territories of the Angles From these now time out of mind they have been call'd by one general name Angles and in their own language Englatheod
There are divers other of his Coins but differing only in the names of the Mint-masters seem not worthy to be inserted The nineteenth seems however the faces unlike in their Coins to have been of the same person The reverse seems to be Moneta Uulf-fard not known The twentieth is of Adulf or Aldulf King of the East-Angles son of Ethelwald's brother a very worthy and pious Prince as appears by the reverse a great friend to venerable Bede What Prisin means I know not The reverse is remarkable because his name is otherwise spell'd than upon the Coins The one and twentieth is St. Edmond King of the East-Angles crowned at fourteen years old at Buers against his will a very pious valiant and hopeful Prince In the year 871. his kingdom was invaded by the Danes against whom most valiantly fighting at Theotford his army was routed himself taken and shot to death with arrows Neither this nor the two following seem to have been Coined by him but as I conceive by some of the West-Saxon Edmunds who were all very much devoted to this holy martyr tho' they may also denote king Alfred The reverse seems to be of the Mint-master The reverse of the two and twentieth Oda Moneta the place I understand not Of the three and twentieth Jomam me fecit signifies that Jomam was the Mint-master Me fecit is common upon the Coins of the Franks in Gallia The twenty fourth Aethelred Rex Anglorum seems not to have been one of the West-Saxons the first of whom is commonly written Aethered the second is neither in countenance nor habit like this There are mentioned in our Histories an Aethelred successor to his brother Wulfred in Mercia another the son of Mollo another of Eandred of whom we have already spoken He is said to have married Leofrun mother to Ethelbert murthered by Offa and to have reigned fifty years little besides is known of him The reverse seems to be a devout acknowledgment of his being sustained by the hand of Almighty God who is Alpha and Omega Who Holizard was not known This seems coined at Norwich The twenty fifth is like unto this reverse on both sides but of what Prince unknown it is read Tuna moneta Eaxceaster as I conceive I cannot make sense of the Reverse The twenty sixth seems to be Sigfrid Moneta a King of the East-Saxons called also Suuefred and denominated Sigfrid the good He makes no great figure in our Annals It is not usual to add Moneta to the King's name Concerning Euura I can find nothing The twenty seventh seems to have been King of the East-Saxons son of Siger a very comely and virtuous person and exceedingly beloved of his people Yet devotion prevailing after a short reign he with Kenred King of Mercia went to Rome in the time of Pope Constantine and there retired into a Monastery Ibba on the reverse seems some Noble man The twenty eighth Edmund Rex seems to have been one of the West-Saxon Edmunds The reverse may be Edmund Martyr The twenty ninth I do not understand The thirtieth for which of the Athelstans I know not as neither the reverse The thirty first Eunaa Rex I cannot find any such name in all our Histories The reverse seems to mention Oxford The thirty second I cannot find any mention of Heareth and Herred The thirty third is imperfect The thirty fourth seems not to be Aelfred the West-Saxon because the name is spel'd otherwise Ounig is also unknown The thirty fifth is to me unknown Saxon Coins TAB VI. TO the first there were two Ethelweards one of the South the other of the West-Saxons this seems to be of the latter In some writers he is called Ethelheardus Little remembred of him besides that when King Ina went to Rome Anno 728 he assumed the government of the Kingdom and fought a battle with Prince Oswald with what success not mentioned He is said to have governed fourteen years On the reverse is Edmund with a ligature of several letters which cannot stand for St. Edmund the Martyr which happened not till Anno 870. After which time there was none except Ethelbert the son of Aetheluulf but he also before the Martyrdom of St. Edmund I rather think that cypher to signifie some mark of the Monetarius Tabula VI. Nummi Saxonici Page cxxxix The third Beormerick by Speed called Brithric for of that other name we find no mention in histories was King of the West-Saxons and succeeded Coenuulf In the third year of his reign was the first appearance of the Pirats upon these coasts Pirats I call them because they were not owned by any Sovereign Prince till long after but were a confluence of all sorts of thieves who by spoil and robbery arrived to much wealth and the confidence to erect a kind of Community or Republick at a strong town now called Wollin in Pomerania whence they went out to rob and laid up their prey there Brihtrick banished Ecgberht fearing both the goodness of his title and his great abilities yet dying childless he left the Kingdom to him An. 800. He was poysoned by his wife the wicked Eadburga by chance tasting of a Cup she had prepared for one of his favorites Upon his death she fled with all her treasures into France when coming to Charles the Great he asked her whom she desired to marry himself or his son there present She foolishly answered that if it were in her choice she would marry his son because he was the younger Whereupon the Emperor told her that if she had chosen himself she should have married his son but now that she should retire to such a monastery Whence also for her incontinency she was shortly turned out and died begging The fourth Ecgberht partly by conquest partly by the submission of other Kingdoms united all into one dominion calling it England because as it is said himself the King of the West Saxons was an Angle It seems that Almighty God saw it necessary for resisting the violence of the heathenish Pirats to unite the intire force of all the Nation yet little enough to defend themselves He was a Prince though but of small stature extraordinary both for wisdom and valour for being banished by Brithric he applied himself to Charles the Great who bestowed upon him a considerable post in his Army And he was signally blessed with a numerous succession of most worthy Princes of his family and blood which indeed was necessary for the preservation of the Nation its peace and unity The fifth Cenedryd Regina some suppose to have been wife to the great Offa the Mercian and to have reigned after his death and that Eopa was one of her chief Ministers But she rather seems to have been the eldest daughter of Kenuulf the Mercian to whom also he left the care of Kenelm his son whom out of ambition she caus'd to be murthered by his Educator After his death she reigned some time and perhaps might be married to some
Dignities were those of Dukes Marquisses Counts Captains Valvasors and Valvasins An hereditary title came but late into France not before Philip 3. King of France granted that for the future they should be called Dukes of Britain who were before stiled promiscuously Dukes and Counts But in England in the Norman times when the Norman Kings themselves were Dukes of Normandy there were none had that honour conferr'd upon them for a long time till Edward 3. created Edward his son Duke of Cornwall by a wreath on his head a ring on his finger and a A gold â—erge afâ—â—â—wards â—â—me into 〈◊〉 and a †silver verge as the Dukes of Normandy were formerly by a sword and a banner delivered to them and afterwards by girding the sword of the Dutchy and by a circlet of gold garnished on the top with little golden roses And the same King Edward 3. â—t Paris â—cernâ— John â—aâ—ed D. Norâ—â—ndy created his two sons Leonel Duke of Clarence and John Duke of Lancaster in Parliament By the putting on a sword setting upon their heads a furr'd cap with a circle of gold set with pearls and by the delivery of a Charter After this he created several and there have been now and then hereditary Dukes made in this Kingdom with such like expressions in the Charter the name title state stile place seat preheminence honour authority and dignity of a Duke we give and grant and do really invest you with them by the putting on a sword setting a cap with a golden circle upon your head and the delivery of a golden verge â—â—rquis A MARQUISS i.e. g From the Saxon mearc a bound and mearcan mearcian to set out mark distinctly c. in the same language according to the import of the word one set to guard the limits is a title of honour the second from a Duke This title we had but late none being invested with it before the time of Richard 2. For he created his darling Robert Vere Earl of Oxford Marquiss of Dublin and that was merely titular For those who were formerly to secure the frontiers were commonly called Lord Marchers and not Marquisses as we now stile them They are created by the King by girding on a sword putting on a Cap of honour and dignity 1 With the Coronet Hol. and delivering a Charter And here I shall take the liberty of relating what I find register'd in the Parliament-rolls â—â—m 4. When John de Beaufort Earl of Somerset was made Marquiss of Dorset by Richard 2. and was deprived of that title by Henry 4. the Commons of England in Parliament made an humble Request to the King that he would restore to him the title of Marquiss but he himself opposed his own cause and openly declared that it was an upstart dignity altogether unknown to our Ancestors and therefore that he did not by any means desire it nay utterly refused it â—â—s The EARLS which hold the third place we seem to have had from our German Ancestors For as Tacitus tells us they had always â—â—mites Earls attending their Princes to furnish them with counsel and to gain them authority But others are of opinion that both the Franks and we received them from the Romans For the Emperors after the Empire was come to its height began to keep about them a sort of domestick Senate which was call'd Caesar's †Comitatus retinue and these by whose counsel they acted in war and peace were called Comites Attendants from whence we find it common in old Inscriptions Comiti Impp. This name in a few years prevailed so much that all Magistrates had the name of Comites * Qui sacrum Comitatum observarunt Parati ad Cod. who gave their attendance at the said Council or had been of it insomuch that it was afterwards extended to all who had the supervisal of any business and Suidas as Cujacius has told us defined Comes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Governour of the people From whence also we gather that before Constantine the Great the name of Comes was not used to denote Dignity But he modelling the Roman government by new distinctions and endeavouring to oblige as many as possible by bestowing honours upon them first instituted the title of Comes as barely honorary without any duty nay there were certain rights and privileges annex'd to that title as to accompany the Prince not only when he appeared in publick but also in his palace and private retirements to be admitted to his table and to his secret consultations Upon which we read in Epiphanius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. i.e. Who also had obtained of the King the Dignity of a Count. At length such as had the favour of this title had other honours conferr'd upon them to which some duty was annext and again to those who were before in Offices and were engaged in the affairs of State he added this piece of honour 2 Comes domesticorum Lord Great Master of the Houshold Comes sacrarum largitiâ—num Lord High Treasurer Comes sacrae vestis Master of the Wardrobe Comes Stabuli Master of the Horse Comes Thesauri Tresurer Comes Orientis Lieutenant of the East Comes Britannia Comes Africa c. Hol. Hereupon the name of Count implied both Dignity and Government and being at first but temporary it was afterwards for term of life But when the Roman Government was divided into several Kingdoms this title was still retained and our Saxons call'd those in Latin Comites which in their own tongue were named Ealdormen The same persons were stil'd by the Danes in their language Eorlas i.e. honourable men Eorles at this day Earles P. Pithaeus in his Memorabilia Campania as Ethelwerd tells us and by a little melting of that word we call them at this day Earls And for a long time they were simply so called till at last an addition was made of the place's name over which they had jurisdiction But still this Dignity was not yet hereditary The first hereditary Earls in France by the way were the Earls of Bretagne But when William the Norman and Conqueror had in his hands the Government of this Kingdom the Earls began to be Feudal hereditary and patrimonial and those too as appears from Domesday were stil'd simply Earls without any addition as Earl Hugh Earl Alan Earl Roger c. Afterwards as appears by ancient Records the Earls were created with an addition of the name of the place and had every third penny of the County assigned them For instance Mawd the Empress daughter and heir of King Henry 1. created an Earl by this form of words as is manifest from the very Charter now in my hands I Mawd daughter of K. Henry and Governess of the English do give and grant to Gaufred de Magnavilla for his service and to his heirs after him hereditarily the Earldom of Essex and that he have the third penny out
of the Cistercian Order That part of it which is now standing is a farm-house belonging to my Lord of Leicester from whom many noble persons still remain Echingham next adjoyning had also a Baron in the time of K. Edward 2. Baron Echingham William de Echingham whose ancestors were * Seneschalli Stewards of this Rape But the Inheritance by heirs females came to the Barons of Windsor and the Tirwhitts Then the Rother dividing his waters into 3 chanels Robertsbridge or Rotherbridge Bodiam passes under Robertsbridge where in the reign of Hen. 2. Alured de St. Martin founded a Monastery m Call'd S. Mary's of Robertbridge and of the Cistercian Order That part of it which is now standing is a farm-house belonging to my Lord of Leicester and so running by Bodiam a Castle belonging to the ancient and famous family of the Lewkneys built by the Dalegrigs here falls into the sea Now I have pass'd along the sea-coast of Sussex As for the Mediterranean parts there is nothing worth taking notice of unless I shou'd reckon up the Woods and Forests of great extent both in length and breadth the remains of the vast and famous wood Anderida Among which to begin at the west the most noted are these the Forest of Arundel S. Leonard's Forest Word Forest 31 And not far off East-Grensted anciently a parcel of the Barony of Eagle and made a Market by King Henry 7. Ashdown Forest under which lies Buckhurst Baron Backhurâ—t the seat of the ancient family of the Sackvils of which Q Elizabeth in our memory advanced Thomas Sackvil 32 Her Alley by the Bullens a Gentleman of great wisdom to be Baron of Buckhurst took him into her Privy Council elected him into the most honorable Order of the Garter and made him Lord Treasurer of England whom also of late K. James created Earl of Dorset Waterdown Forest 33 Where I saw Bridge a lodge of the Lord Abergavenny and by it craggy rocks rising up so thick as tho' sporting Nature had there purposed a sea Hereby in the very confines of Kent is Groomebridge an habitation of the Wallers whose House there was built by Charles Duke of Orleans father to K. Lâ—wis 12. of France when he being taken Prisoner in the Battel at Agincourt by Richard Waller of this place was here a long time detained Prisoner and that of Dallington the least of all Earls of Sussex See the Eâ—â—ls â—f Arundel Sussex has had 5 Earls of the family of D'Aubeney who were likewise called Earls of Arundel 34 the first of them was William D'Aubeney the son of William Butler to King Hen. 1. and Lord of Buckenham in Norfolk who gave for his Arms Gules a Lion rampant Or and was call'd sometimes Earl of Arundel and sometimes Earl of Chichester because in those places he kept his chief residence He had by Adeliza daughter of Godfrey Barbatus Duke of Lorrain and Brabant Queen Dowager to King Hen. 1. William the 2d Earl of Sussex and Arundel Father of William the 3d. Earl unto whom Mabil sister and one of the heirs of the last Ranulph Earl of Chester bore William the 4th Earl and Hugh the 5th Earl who both died issueless and also 4 Daughters married to Robert Lord of Tateshall John Fitz-Alan Roger de Somery and Robert de Mount-hault Afterwards the title of Arundel sprouted forth again as I said before in the Fitz-Alans But that of Sussex lay as it were forgotten and lost till our age which hath seen 5 Ratcliffs descended of the most noble house of the Fitz-Walters that fetch'd their original from the Clares bearing that honour viz. Robert created Earl of Sussex by K. Hen. 8. 21 Hâ—â—t who married Elizabeth daughter of Henry Stafford Duke of Buckingham by whom he had Henry the 2d Earl to whom Eliz. the daughter of Tho. Howard Duke of Norfolk bore Thomas who was Lord Chamberlain to Queen Elizabeth and dy'd without issue a Heroe of very great worth and honour in whose mind were joyntly seated both the wisdom of a Statesman and the courage of a Soldier as England and Ireland had reason to acknowledge Henry his brother succeeded him after Henry Robert his only son an honourable young Gentleman who now enjoys the Earldom This County contains 312 Parishes So much for Sussex which together with Surrey was the seat of the Regni afterwards the Kingdom of the South-Saxons The kingdom of the South-Saxons called in Saxon †The true reading is Suth-seaxna ric Suþ-seaxan-ric which 31 years after the coming in of the Saxons was begun by Aella who according to Bede First amongst the Kings of the English Nation ruled all their southern Provinces which are sever'd by the River Humber and the adjacent limits The first Christian King was Edilwalch baptiz'd in the presence of Wulpher King of Mercia his Godfather who gave him in token of adoption two Provinces the Isle of Wight and the Province of the Meanvari But in the 306th year from the beginning of this Kingdom upon Aldinius the last King 's being slain by Ina it came wholly under the Dominion of the West-Saxons ADDITIONS to SVSSEX a THE County of Sussex as in the north part it still abounds with wood so as our Author observes the greatest part of it seems to have been formerly in the same condition For I can never believe but that vast Weald being 30 miles in breadth and beginning in the south part of Kent must in it's way to Hamshire take up a considerable tract of this Shire And if so we may inferr from hence this account of it that the inhabitants could be but very few and thin-plac'd for a long time Which is plain from the two * Lambard Perambulat p. 224. Somner's Forts and Forts p. 107. Kentish Antiquaries affirming that for a great while the whole Weald was scarce any thing else besides a desert and vast wilderness not planted with towns or peopl d with men but stuff'd with herds of deer and droves of hogs only Which account may be very rationally grounded upon this bottom that no part of the Weald appears by the several Grants to have been let out by the King the only Lord and Proprietor of it in Manours but in so many Dens which imply'd only a woody place yielding covert and feeding for cattel and that there is no other use of them express'd but only Pannage for hogs From which hint is gather'd the primitive state of the greatest part of this County b In after times our Author observes among other things that they deaâ—t in the Glass-trade Put that lasted not long for whether it was that it turn'd to little account or that they found themselves out-vy'd by other places there are now no Glass-houses in the whole County At present as in our Author's time they are most famous for the Iron-works which are in several places of this County some whereof have both
k The Notitia adds reliquos officiales comprehending all the Under-Officers c. And I no way doubt but it was in imitation of this method of the Romans that our Ancestors set over this coast a Governour or Portreve commonly call'd Warden of the Cinque-ports Warden of the Cinque-ports because as the Count of the Saxon-shore presided over nine so does he over five ports Kent deliver'd to the Saxons But after the Romans had quitted Britain Vortigern who had the command of the greatest part of it set over Kent a Guorong i.e. a Vice-Roy or Freeman without whose knowledge he frankly bestow'd this Country as Ninnius and Malmesbury have it upon Hengist the Saxon on the account of his daughter Rowenna with whom he was passionately in love a. Thus was the first kingdom of the Saxons settled in Britain in the year of Christ 456. call'd by them CantÆ¿ara-ryc i.e. the kingdom of the Kentish-men which after 320 years upon Baldred the last King 's being conquer'd came under the jurisdiction of the West-Saxons and continu'd so till the Norman Conquest For then if we may believe Thomas Spot the Monk no ancient Writer having any thing of it the Kentish men carrying boughs before them 4 And representing afar off a moving wood surrendred themselves to William the Conquerour at Swanescomb a small village where they tell us that Suene the Dane formerly encamp'd upon condition they might have the Customs of their Country preserv'd entire that especially which they call Gavel-kind Gavel kind b By which 5 By which they are not so bound by Copy hold Customary tenures or Tenant-right as in other parts of England but in a manner every man is a Free-holder and hath some part of his own to live upon all lands of that nature are divided among the males by equal portions or upon defect of issue-male among the females By this they enter upon the estate at 15 years of age and have power to make it over to any one either by gift or sale without consent of the Lord. By the same the sons succeed to this sort of lands tho' their parents be condemn'd for theft c. So that what we find in an ancient Book is very true tho' not elegantly written The County of Kent urges that that County ought of right to be exempt from any such burthen because it affirms that this County was never conquer'd as was the rest of England but surrender'd it self to the Conqueror's power upon Articles of agreement provided that they should enjoy all their liberties and free customs which they then had and us'd from the beginning William the Conqueror afterwards to secure Kent which is look'd upon to be the Key of England set a Constable over Dover-castle and constituted the same in imitation of the ancient Roman custom Governour of 5 ports stiling him Warden of the Cinque-ports Lord Warden of the 5 Ports Those are Hastings Dover Hith Rumney and Sandwich to which Winchelsey and Rie are annext as Principals and some other little towns as members only And because they are oblig'd to serve in the wars by sea they enjoy many and large immunities For instance from payment of Subsidies See in Sussex p. 177. from Wardship of their children as to body not to be su'd in any Courts but within their own town and such of their inhabitants as have the name of Barons at the Coronation of the Kings and Queens of England support the Canopy and for that day have their table spread and furnish'd upon the King 's right hand c. And the Lord Warden himself who is always some one of the Nobility of approv'd loyalty has within his jurisdiction in several cases the authority of 6 A Chancellor and c. Admiral and other privileges But now to the places The Thames chief of all the British rivers runs as I observ'd but now along the north part of this County which leaving Surrey and by a winding course almost retiring into it self c. 7 Doth there admit into his chanel into the first limit of this shire Ravensburne a small water and of short course which riseth in Keston-heath hard under the pitching of an ancient Camp strange for the height as double rampiers and depth as double ditches of all that I have seen doubtless the work of many labouring hands Of what capacity it was I could not discover for that the greatest part thereof is now several and overgrown with a thicket but verily great it was as may be gather'd by that which is apparent We may probably conjecture that it was a Roman Camp but I might seem to rove if I should think it that Camp which Julius Caesar pitch'd when the Britains gave him the last battel with their whole forces and then having bad success retir'd themselves and gave him leave to march to the Thames side And yet certes Keston the name of the place seemeth to retain a parcel of Kaesar's name for so the Britains call'd him and not Caesar as we do As for the other small intrenchment not far off by W. Wickham it was cast in fresh memory when old Sir Christopher Heydon a man then of great command in these parts trained the Country people This water having passed by Bromeley a Mansion-house of the Bishops of Rochester when it hath gathered strength the depth of his ford giveth name to Dâ—râ—ford c. first sees Depford Depfoâ—d a most noted Dock where the Royal Navy is built and when shatter'd repair'd there is also settled a famous Store house and a place or incorporation something like a * Hâ—â—naâ—â—â— College for the use of the navy It was formerly call'd West Greenwich and upon the Conquest of England feâ—l to the share of Gislebert de Mamignot a Norman Maâ—igâ— whose grandchild by the son Walkelin it was that defended Dover-castle against King Stephen and he left behind him one only daughter who upon the death of her brother brought by marriage a large estate call'd the Honour of Mamignot into the family of the Says d From hence the Thames goes to Grenovicum Gâ—â—aâ— commonly Greenwich i.e. the green creak for the creak of a river is call'd in German Wic formerly famous for being a harbour of the Danish fleet and for the cruelty that people exercis'd upon Ealpheg Archbishop of Canterbury whom they put to death by most exquisite torments in the year 1012. Whose death and the cause of it Ditmarus Mersepurgius who liv'd about that time has thus describ'd in the eighth book of his Chronicle By the relation of Sewald I came to know a very tragical and therefore memorable act How a treacherous company of * 〈…〉 Dueâ— Northern men whose Captain Thurkil now is seized upon that excellent Archbishop of Canterbury Ealpheg with others and according to their barbarous treatment fetter'd him put him to endure famine and other unspeakable pains He overpower'd by
to the West Lancashire Westmorland and Cumberland all which Counties in the infancy of the Saxon Government were contain'd under the Kingdom of the Deiri For the Saxons call'd these Countries in general the Kingdom of Northumberland dividing it into two parts Deira call'd in that age Deir land which is nearer namely on this side the river Tine and Bernicia the farther reaching from the Tine †Frotum Scoticum to the Frith of Edenburrow Which parts though for some time they had their different Kings yet at last they came all under one Kingdom And to take notice of this by the way where we read in the ‖ Pag. 272. Annal. Franc. octavo Life of Charles the Great Eardulphus Rex Nordanhumbrorum i.e. De Irland patria pulsus ad Carolum magnum venit for De Irland we are to read Deirland and so to understand it that he went over to Charles the Greâ—t out of this Country and not from Ireland YORKSHIRE THE County of York in a Eâ—forwiâ—scire I take to be the true Saxon name Saxon EuerÆ¿icscyre Effrocscyre and Ebora-scyre commonly Yorkshire by far the largest County in England is reputed to be pretty fruitful If in one place the soil be of a stony sandy barren nature yet in another it is pregnant and fruitful and so if it be naked and exposed in one part we find it cloathed and sheltred with great store of wood in another Nature using an allay and mixture that the entire County by this variety of parts might seem more pleasing and beautiful Towards the west it is bounded by those hills already mention'd by Lancashire and by Westmorland Towards the north it borders upon the County of Durham which is entirely separated from it by the river Tees On the east it bounds upon the German Ocean The south-side is enclosed first with Cheshire and Derbyshire then with Nottinghamshire and lastly with Lincolnshire â—â—â—er where that noble aestuary the Humber breaks in which is a common rendezvouz for the greatest part of the rivers hereabouts The whole County is divided into three parts denominated from three several quarters of the world West-Riding East-Riding and North-Riding West-Riding or the West-part is for some time bounded by the river 〈…〉 â—nd 〈◊〉 Ouse Lancashire and the southern limits of the County and lies out towards the south and west East-Riding or the east-part of this County lies towards the east and towards the Ocean which together with the river Derwent encloses it North-Riding or the north-part fronts the north and is in a manner included by the rivers Tees and Derwent and a long course of the river Ouse From the western mountains or those bordering in the west-part of the County many rivers gush forth which are every one at last received by the Ouse and so in one chanel flow into the Humber Neither do I perceive any better method in describing this part thâ—n to follow the course of the Dane the Calder Are Wherfe Nid and Ouse which issue out of these mountains and are the most remarkable not only as being the best rivers but as flowing by the most considerable places Danus commonly Don and Dune Don river is as it seems so called because 't is carried in a low deep chanel for that is the signification of the British word Dan. After it hath saluted Wortley which has given name to that excellent family of the Wortleys a and also a place near it called Wentworth Wentworth from which many Gentry both in this County and elsewhere as also the Barons of Wentworth have deriv'd their name and original b it arrives at Sheafield Sheafield remarkable among many other places hereabouts for Blacksmiths there being much iron digg'd up in these parts and for a strong old Castle which is descended in a right line from the Lovetofts the Lords Furnival 1 And Thomas Lord Nevil of Furnival and Nevil Lord Furnival Furnival to the most honourable the Talbots Earls of Shrewsbury c From hence the Dane under the shade of alder yew-trees and others flows to Rotheram Rotheram which glories in having had an Archbishop of York of it 's own name viz. Thomas Rotheram a wise man who was born here and prov'd a great benefactor to this place having upon a laudable design founded a College here with three Schools for instructing boys in Writing Grammar and Musick which are now supprest by the wicked avarice of this age d Then it runs within view of Connisborow Connisborow e an old Castle called in British Caer Conan situated upon a rock whither at the battel of Maisbelly when Aurelius Ambrosius routed the Saxons and put them to a disorderly flight Hengist their General retired to secure himself Florilegus 487. and a few days after took the field again against the Britains who pursued him with whom he engaged a second time which proved fatal both to himself and his army for the Britains cut off many of them and taking him prisoner beheaded him if the authority of the British History is to be preferred in this matter before that of the b It does not appear that any Saxon Annals say so on the contrary those Historians who seem best acquainted with such ancient Records assert plainly that he was slain or else as Matth. of Westminster expresses it Captus amputato câ—pite ad Tarcara dâ—stinabatur Saxon Annals which report him to have dy'd a natural death being worn out and spent with fatiegue and business f 2 But this Coningsborough in lattâ—r ages was the possession of the Earls of Warren After this it washes Sprotburg the ancient Seat of an ancient family the Fitz-Williams Knights related to the best families of England and the ancestors of 3 Sir William William Fitz-Williams Fitz-Williams within the memory of the last age Earl of Southampton and also of William Fitz-Williams late Lieutenant of Ireland But this seat is now descended to the Copleys as Elmsley and many other estates of theirs in these parts to the Savills From hence the Dan severs into two courses and runs to an old town to which it leaves its name commonly called at this day Doncaster Doncaster g but by the Scots Doncastle and the Saxons Dona cester by Ninius Caer-Daun by Antoninus Danum and so likewise by the Notitia which relates that the Praefect of the Crispinian Horse under the Dux Britanniae garrison'd theâ—e About the year 759. it was burnt to the ground by lightning and so bury'd in it's own rubbish that it has hardly yet recover'd it self The plat of a large tower is still visible which they imagine was destroyed in that fire where now stands a neat Church dedicated to St. George the only Church in this town h Scarce five miles distant to the southward stands a place which I must not pass by called Tickhill Tickhill being an ancient town and fortified with an old castle
oâ—â—e Barons of Dacre the last whereof some years ago dy'd young and his Uncle Leonard chosing rather to contend with his Prince in War than with his Nieces in Law about the estate seis'd upon the Castle and got together a company of Rebels in opposition to his Prince But the Lord Hunsdon with the garrison of Berwick easily defeated them put a great many to the sword and the rest amongst whom was Leonard himself to flight x 19 But of him more in my Annals Nearer the Wall beyond the river Irthing was lately found this fair votive Altar erected to the Goddess Nymphe of the Brigantes for the health of the Empress Plautilla Wife to M. Aurelius Antoninus Severus and the whole Imperial family by M. Cocceius Nigrinus a Treasurer to the Emperour when Laetus was second time Consul with intricate connexion of letters which I read thus DEAE NYMPHAE BRIGantum QUOD VOVERAT PRO SALUTE PAUTILIAE COnjugis INVICTAE DOMini NOSTRI INVICTI IMP. M. AURELii SEVERI ANTONINI PII. FELicis CAESaris AUGusti TOTIUSQUE DO MUS DIVINAE EJUS M. COCCEIUS NIGRINUS Questor AUGusti Numini DEVOTUS LIBENS SUSCEPTUM Solvit LAETO II. Nearer the Wall stood the Priory of Lanercost founded by R. de Vallibus Lord of Gillesland y and upon the wall is Burd-Oswald Below this where the Picts-Wall pass'd the river Irthing by an arch'd bridge at a place now call'd Willoford was the Station of the †See the Additions to Ambleside in Westmorland If we are to settle the Amboglana here the many rivulets in those parts which carry the name of Glen oâ— Glynn afford us a probable original of the name Cohors prima Aelia Dacorum as appears by the Notitia and several Altars erected by that Cohort and inscrib'd to Jupiter Optimus Maximus Some of them I think proper to give you tho' they 're much defac'd and worn with age Jovi optimo Maximo * I. O. M. COH I. AEL DAC CVI PRAE IG I. O. M. CoH. I. AEL DAC C. P. STATV LoN GINUS TRIB I. O. M. OH I. AEL DA C. C. A. GETA IRELSAVRNES PRO SALVTE D. N MAXiMIANO †Fortissimo Caesari FOR CAE VA OAED L E G. VI. V I C. P. F. F. I. O M. COH I AEL DAC TETRICIANO RO C. P. P. LVTIC V. S. DESIG NATVS TRIB I. O. M. COH I. AEL DAC GORD ANA. C. P EST. I. O. M. H. I. AEL DAC C. PRAEESI FLIUS FA S TRIB PETVO COS. The first Lord of Gillesland that I read of Lords of Gillâ—sâ—â—â— Out oâ—â— old Mâ—â— R. Câ—â— Clarenceux 〈◊〉 him Raâ—â— as also 〈◊〉 MSS. of Fountaâ—â— and Hiâ—â— Abbâ—â— was William Meschines brother of Ralph Lord of Cumberland not that William who was brother of Ranulph Earl of Chester from whom sprang Ranulph de Ruelent but the brother of Ralph but he was not able to get it out of the hands of the Scots for Gill the son of Bueth Å¿ This was but for a short time for the father was banish'd into Scotland in Earl Randolph's time and the son Gillesbueth as he was call'd was slain by Robert de Vallibus at a â—eeting for Arbitration of all differences so that that family seems never to have claim'd after The murther was barbarous and Robert to atone for it built the Abbey of Lanercost and gave to it the Lands that had caus'd the quarrel held the greatest part of it by force of Arms. After his death King Henry the second bestow'd it upon Hubert de Vallibus or Vaulx whose Coat Armour was Chequey Argent and Gules His son Robert founded and endow'd the Priory of Lanercost But the estate within a few years came by marriage to the Moltons and from them by a daughter to Ranulph Lord Dacre whose posterity flourish'd in great honour down to our time z Having thus took a Survey of the Sea-coast and inner parts of Cumberland we must pass to the East of it a lean hungry desolate sort of Country which affords nothing remarkable besides the head of South-Tine in a wet spungy ground and an ancient Roman stone Cawsey * 8 Ulnaâ— above ten yards broad 'T is call'd the Maiden-way Maiden-way leading out of Westmoreland and at the confluence of the little river Alon and the Tine we spoke of on the side of a gentle ascent there are the remains of a large old Town which to the North has been fortify'd with a fourfold Rampire and to the West †Sileâ—â— with one and a half The place is now call'd Whitley-castle and as a testimony of it's Antiquity has this imperfect Inscription ‖ Compâ—â— of a scriâ—â— ratioâ—◠〈◊〉 risimâ—leâ— compendiously written with the Letters link'd one in another from which we learn that the third Cohort of the Nervii built a * Aedemâ— Temple there to Antoninus the Emperour son of Severus IMP. CAES. Lucii Septimi Severi AraBICI ADIABENICI PARTHICI MAX. FIL. DIVI ANTONINI Pii Germanici SARMA NEP. DIVI ANTONINI PII PRON. DIVI HADRIANI ABN DIVI TRAIANI PARTH ET DIVI NERVAE ADNEPOTI M. AVRELIO ANTONINO PIO FEL AVG. GERMANICO PONT MAX. TR. POT X IMP. COS. IIII. P. p. PRO PIETATE AEDE VOTO COMMVNI CURANTE LEGATO AVG. PR COH III. NERVIO RVM G. R. POS. Now seeing the third Cohort of the Nervii was quarter'd in this place seeing also the Notitia sets them at Alione as Antoninus does at Alone and a little river running under it is call'd Alne if I should think this to be the very Alone I could not indeed deliver it for a positive truth because the injuries of time and the violence of wars have long since put these things out of the reach of human knowledge but it would at least seem probable Upon the decay of the Roman power in Britain tho' this Country was cruelly harrass'd by the Scots and Picts yet did it longest keep its original Inhabitants the Britains and fell late under the power of the Saxons But when the Danish wars had well nigh broke the Saxon government it had its petty Kings â—â—gs of â—â—mberâ—â—â—d stil'd Kings of Cumberland to the year of our Lord 946. At which time as Florilegus tells us King Edmund by the assistance of Leolin King of South-Wales spoil'd Cumberland of all its riches and having put out the eyes of the two sons of Dummail King of that County granted that Kingdom to Malcolm King of Scots to hold of him and to protect the North-parts of England both by Sea and Land against the incursions of the Enemy After which the eldest sons of the Kings of Scotland as well under the Saxons as Danes were stil'd â—mbriâ—e 〈◊〉 Governours of Cumberland But when England had yielded to the Normans this County submitted among the rest and fell to the share of Ralph de Meschines whose eldest son Ranulph was Lord of Cumberland and at the same time in right of his mother and by the favour of his Prince Earl
Orchis palmata palustris Dracontias Upon the old Mill-race at little Salkeld and on Langwathby Holm Cumberland Cynosorchis militaris purpurea odorata On Lance-Moor near Newby and on Thrimby Common Westmoreland Serratula foliis ad summitatem usque indivisis Found first by Reginald Harrison a Quaker in the Barony of Kendal Westmoreland Thlaspi minus Clusii On most Limestone pastures in both Counties Tragopogon Purpureum In the fields about Carlisle and Rose-castle Cumberland Virga aurea latifolia serrata C. B. It grows as plentifully in our fields at Salkeld as the Vulgaris which it as common as any Plant we have NORTHUMBERLAND by Robt. Morden OTTADINI NEXT after the Brigantes Ptolemy places those who according to the various readings of several Copies are call'd a All the Copies Dr. Gale has perus'd read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. with a single Ï„. And Selden's Manuscriptâ— contracts the word as it does most others of the like kind into 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ottalini Ottadeni and Ottadini instead of all which I would willingly with a very easie alteration read Ottatini that so the word might signifie beyond or upon the river Tyne Thus the name of the inhabitants would exactly agree with the situation of their Country For these men were seated beyond the Tyne and our modern Britains call that Country in Wales which lyes beyond the river Conway Uch-Conway that beyond the Mountains Uch-Mynyth beyond the Wood Uch-Coed beyond the River Gyrway Uch-Gyrway Nor would it be at all improper if by the same rule they nam'd this Country beyond the Tyne Uch-Tin out of which by a little disjointing and mellowing of the word the Romans may seem to have form'd their Ottadini Yet since as Xiphiline reports out of Dio Nicaeus all the Britains that dwelt near the formention'd Wall were call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Maeatae a Maeatae 't is reasonable to believe that our Ottadini living on the Wall were some of those Maeatae who in that remarkable Revolt of the Britains wherein the Caledonians were brought into the Confederacy took up Arms when the Emperour Severus gave orders to his Souldiers to give no Quarter to the Britains in Homer's words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 None our Arms shall spare None shall escape the fury of the war Children unborn shall dye But the storm of this rebellion was calm'd by the death of Severus who dy'd at York in the midst of his preparations for war A good while after this Country seems to have been part of Valentia Valentiâ— for so Theodosius nam'd it in honour of the Emperour Valentinian after he had vanquish'd the Barbarians and recover'd this lost Province But in the Saxon wars these ancient names grew out of date and all those Countries which lye North of the Frith of Humber took the Saxon Name of Norê§an-Humbra-ric i.e. the Kingdom of the North-Humbrians And yet even this name is now lost in the other Counties being only retain'd in this of Northumberland Which we are now to visit NORTH-HVMBER-LAND NNorthumberland call'd by the Saxons Norê§an-Humber-lond lyes enclos'd in a sort of a Triangle but not Equilateral On the South towards the County of Durham 't is bounded with the river Derwent running into Tine and with Tine it self The East-side is washt with the German Ocean The West reaching from b For above twenty miles together it borders South-west on Cumberland from above Garry gill in the head of Aulston-Moor down to the river of Kelsop Southwest to north-North-East fronts Scotland and is first bounded with a ridge of Mountains and afterwards with the river Tweed Here were the Limits of both Kingdoms over which in this County two Governours were appointed whereof the one was stil'd Lord Warden of the Middle Marches â—dens of â— Marâ—â—keâ—ers and the other of the c Occidui But Holland gives it more truly of the East Marches Western The Country it self is mostly rough and barren and seems to have harden'd the very carcasses of its Inhabitants whom the neighbouring Scots have render'd yet more hardy sometimes inuring them to war and sometimes amicably communicating their customs and way of living whence they are become a most warlike people and excellent horse-men And whereas they generally have devoted themselves to war there is not a man of fashion among them but has his little Castle and Fort and so the Country came to be divided into a great many Baronies â—ny Baâ—â—ies in â—â—thumâ—â—and the Lords whereof were anciently before the days of Edward the first usually stil'd Barons tho' some of them men of very low Fortunes b But this was wisely done of our Ancestors to cherish and support Martial Prowess in the borders of the Kingdom with at least Honour and Title However this Character they lost when under Edward the first the name of Barons began to be appropriated to such as were summoned by the King to the High Court of Parliament On the Sea-Coasts and along the river Tine the ground with any tolerable husbandry is very fruitful but elsewhere much more barren and unviewly In many places the stones Lithancraces which we call Sea-coals Sea-coalâ— are digg'd very plentifully to the great benefit of the Inhabitants The nearer part which points to the South-west and is call'd Hexamshire Hexamshire had for a long time the Archbishop of York for its Lord and challeng'd how justly I know not the Rights of a County Palatine but when lately it became part of the Crown-Lands by an exchange made with Archbishop Robert it was by Act of Parliament joyn'd to the County of Northumberland being subjected to the same d That is in Civil matters For its Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction is not the same with the rest of the County it being still a peculiar belonging to the Archbishop of York Judicature and having their Writs directed to the Sheriff thereof South Tine South Tine so call'd if we believe the Britains from its being narrowly pent up within its banks for so much Tin signifies say some in the Brittish Languague rising in Cumberland near Alstenmoor where there is an ancient Copper-Mine runs by Lambley formerly a Nunnery built by the Lucies but now much worn away by the floods and Fetherston-haugh the seat of the ancient and well-descended Family of the Fetherstons e The Male line of the Fetherstous of this place being extinct the Lands are fallen into the possession of Fetherston Dodson Gone and being come to Bellister-Castle turns Eastward keeping a direct course along the Wall which is no where three miles distant from it For the Wall having left Cumberland Picts Walâ— and cross'd the little river of Irthing carry'd an Arch over the rapid brook of Poltross Poltross where we saw large Mounts cast up within the wall as design'd for watching the Country Near this place stands Thirlwal-castle Thirlwall no large structure which gave
That what was granted to them by that Act might not prejudice the interest of the Bishop of Orkney The Town is governed by a Provost four Bailiffs and a Common Council as in other Boroughs The Church of this Country as also that of Zetland was under the government of one Bishop stiled the Bishop of Orkney and Zetland The Bishop's revenue was great before but at present it will not amount to much more than eight thousand Marks Chamberlains and other Officers fees being paid The Cathedral Church is St. Magnus's Church in Kirkwall It was founded as 't is thought by St. Magnus King of Norway but afterwards greatly enlarged by some of the pious Bishops of that See for Bishop Stewart enlarged it to the east all above the Grees and Bishop Reid three pillars to the west It 's as beautiful and stately a structure as is in the Kingdom built cross ways for the most part free-stone standing on pillars all most curiously vaulted the three Gates by which they entered into it being chequered with red and white polished stones embossed and flower'd in a comely way and the Steeple elevated to a great height standing on four stately pillars in which is a set of as excellent and sweet chim'd Bells as in any Cathedral of the Kingdom In the year 1670 the pyramid of the steeple being covered with wood was burnt by Thunder but by the industry of Bishop Mackenzie and liberality of some charitable persons it is again repaired and the largest Bell which had got a rift by the fall it had at the burning of the steeple is re-founded and cast over again in Holland Besides the Cathedral there are thirty one Churches more in this Country wherein Divine Service is celebrated as also a great many ancient Chapels above an hundred in number which shews that this Country was no less anciently than it is at present addicted to devotion This Diocess had its several ancient dignities and priviledges for a long time but these by the constant trouble that this Country was in by the change of Masters being lessened and grown worse Bishop Robert Reid made a new erection and foundation of the Chapter viz. seven dignities whereof the first was a Provost to whom under the Bishop the correction and amendment of the Canons Prebends and Chaplains was to belong he had allotted to him the Prebendary of the Holy Trinity the vicaridge of South Ronaldsha with the maintainance of of the Kirk of Burra 2. An Arch-Deacon who was to govern the people according to the disposition of the Canon law and to him was allotted the Arch-Deacon's ancient rights the Vicaridge of Birsa and Chaplainry of St. Ola within the Cathedral Kirk of Kirkwall together with the maintainance of the Kirk of Hare 3. A Precentor who was to rule the Singers in the Quire in the elevation or depression of their songs and to him were allotted the Prebendary of Orphir and Vicaridge of Stennis 4. A Chancellor who was to be learned in both laws and bound to read in the Pontifical law publickly in the Chapter to all that ought to be present and to look to the preserving and mending the Books of the Quire and Register and to keep the common Seal and Key of the Library to him was allotted the Prebendary of St. Mary in Sanda and Vicaridge of Sanda 5. A Treasurer who was to keep the Treasure of the Church and sacred Vestments and to have a care of the Bread Wine Wax Oyl and nourishment for the Lights of the Kirk to him is allotted the Rectory of St. Nicholas in Stronsa and Vicaridge of Stronsa 6. A Sub-Dean who was to supply the place of the Provost in his absence for the amending of the defects of the Chapter and to exercise the office of a Butler to the Bishop to him was allotted the Parsonage of Hoy and the Vicaridge of Waes 7. A Sub-Chantor who was bound to play upon the Organs each Lord's-day and Festivals and to supply the place of the Chanter in his absence to him was allotted the Prebendary of St. Colme Likewise he erected seven other Canons and Prebends to wit 1. The Prebend of Holy Cross to him was given the Parsonage of Cross-kirk in Sanda he was to be a special Keeper of Holy Things under the Treasurer and was to take care of the Clock and ringing of the Bells at hours appointed and to take care that the floor of the Kirk was cleanly swept 2. The Prebend of St Mary to whom was given the Chaplainary of St. Mary and Vicaridge of Evie he was to have a care of the roof and windows of the Cathedral and to have them helped if need were 3. The Prebend of St. Magnus to whom was allotted the Prebendary of St. Magnus he was to be Confessor of the housholds of the Bishop Provost Canons and Chaplains and the servants in the time of Easter and to administer the Eucharist to them The fourth Prebend was to have the Chaplainry of St. John the Evangelist in the said Cathedral Kirk The fifth Prebend was to have the Chaplainary of St. Lawrence The sixth was to have the Prebendary of St. Catharine And the seventh Prebend was to have the Prebendary of St. Duthas To which seven Dignities and seven Prebendaries he moreover assigned and allotted besides the former Kirks and Titles the rents and revenues of the parsonages of St. Colme in Waes and Holy-Cross in Westra as also the Vicaridges of the Parish Churches of Sandwick and Stromness with their pertinents for their daily distributions Besides these he erected thirteen Chaplains To the first was allotted the Chaplainry of St. Peter and he was to be Master of the Grammar-School To the second was allotted the Chaplainry of St. Augustin and he was to be Master of the Singing-School The third was to be Stallarius or the Bishop's Chorister The fourth the Provost's Chorister The fifth the Arch-Deacon's The sixth the Precentor's The seventh the Chancellor's The eighth the Treasurer's The ninth the Sub-dean's The tenth the Prebend's of Holy-Cross The eleventh the Prebend's of St. Mary The twelfth the Prebend's of St. Catharine The thirteenth the Chaplain's of Holy-Cross Every one of these Choristers were to have twenty four Meils of Corn and ten Marks of money for their stipend yearly besides their daily distributions which were to be raised from the rents of the Vicaridge of the Cathedral Kirk and from the foundation of Thomas Bishop of Orkney and of the twelve pounds mortified by King James the third and King James the fourth Kings of Scotland The office of which Choristers was to sing Mass evening and morning by turns To which he added a Sacrist who was to ring the bels and light the lamps and carry in water and fire to the Church and to go before the Procession with a white rod after the manner of a Beadle and for this he was to have the accustomed revenue together with forty shillings from the Bishop yearly Moreover
Albion or whether it may not come from Albedo whiteness for that they call Ban so that Ellanban may be as much in Scotch as a white Island or whether it might not come out of Ireland which is call'd by their Poets Banno and so Allabany be as much either as another Ireland or a second Ireland For Historians call Ireland â—cotia Major and the kingdom of the Scots in Britain Scotiae Minor Moreover seeing the Scots call themseâ—ves in their own language Alvin Albin and Alvinus whence Blondus has named them Scoti Albienses or Albinenses and Buchanan Albini let the Criticks consider whether that in S. Jerom where he inveighs against a certain Pelagian a Scotchman should not be read Albinum for Alpinum An Alpiâ—e Dog S. Aâ—â—â—n a 〈◊〉 the Maâ—â—yrologie 〈◊〉 Sâ—pâ— is call'd Aâ—pinus when he calls him An Alpine Dâ—g huge and corpulent who can do more mischief with his hâ—â—ls than with his BRITANNIA Saxonica teeth for he 's the off-spring of the Scotch nation bordering upon Britain And he says in another place he was overgrown with Scotch browis I do not remember that ever I read of Alpine Dogs in any Author but that the g Of what great value the British Dogs were our Author has shown at large in Hamshire Scotch Dogs were then famous at Rome as appears from Symmachus Seven Scotch Dogs says he were so admired at Rome â—cotch â—ogs l. 2. â—pist â—76 Praeâ—â—â—nis die the day before the Plays that they thought them brought over in iron-cages But when the Scots h Of the first coming of the Scots into Britain see Stillingfleet's Orig. Britann p. 280. came into Britain to the Picts though they provoked the Britains with continual skirmishes and ravages yet the Scotch-state came not immediately to a full growth but continu'd a long time in that corner where they first arriv'd nor did they as Bede says for the space of one hundred and twenty seven years â—b 1. cap. 〈◊〉 take the field against the petty kings of Northumberland till at one and the same time they had almost quite routed the Picts and the kingdom of Northumberland was utterly destroyed by Civil wars and the invasions of the Danes For then all the north part of Britain fell under the name of Scotland together with that inner country on this side the Cluid and Edinburgh Frith For that this was a part of the kingdom of Northumberland â—de and in the possession of the Saxons is universally agreed upon By which means it comes to pass that all the inhabitants of the East part of Scotland called Lowland-men as living Low are originally Saxons and speak English But that such as live towards the West called Highland-men from their high situation are real Scots and speak Irish as we observ'd before being mortal enemies to those Lowlanders that speak English That the Attacotti â—ttacotti a warlike nation did infest Britain along with the Scots we have the authority of Ammianus Marcellinus and that these were a part of the Scotch nation is the opinion of H. Lhuid but how true I know not 2. conâ— Joviaâ—n St. Jerom expressly calls them a British People Who tells us that when he was young probably in the Emperor Julian's time He saw in France the Attacotti a British People feeding upon man's flesh and when they found in the woods droves of hogs herds of beasts or sheep that they us'd to cut off the buttocks of the herdsmen and the paps of the women and look upon these as the richest dainties For here we are to read Attacotti upon the authority of Manuscripts and not Scoti with Erasmus who at the same time owns the place to be faulty Though I must confess in one Manuscript it is Attigotti in another Catacotti Vincentius in his Speculum readâ— it Attigotti I Aethicus's Geography they are read Cattiganci and in a third Cattiti But of the Scots it cannot as 't is commonly be understood for Jerom in that place speaking of the Customs of several nations begins the sentence immediately following thus The Scotch nation has no wives peculiar to single men c. And in another place where Jerom mentions the Attacotti Erasmus puts in the room of it Azoti These as we learn from the Notitia were Stipendiaries in the decline of the Roman Empire For they are reckon'd amongst the Palatine-Aids in Gaul Attecotti juniores Gallicani and Attecotti Honoriani Seniores and in Italy Attecotti Honoriani juniores By this addition of Honoriani they seem to have been some of those Barbarians that Honorius the Emperor receiv'd into league and listed them in his army not without great damage to the Empire Among the nations that made incursions into Britain the Ambrones Ambrones are reckon'd up by John Caius one who has employ'd his time upon the best Studies and to whom the Commonwealth of Learning is extreamly indebted upon reading these words in that part of Gildas where he treats of the Picâ—s and Scots Those former enemies like so many * Ambrones lupi ravenous wolves enrag'd with extremity of hunger and thirst leaping over the sheep-folds and the shepherd not appearing carried with the wings of oars the arms of rowers and sails driven forward by the winds break through and butcher all they come near Here the good oâ—d man remembred that he had read in Festus how the Ambrones pour'd into Italy along with the Cimbrians but then he had forgot that Ambro as Isidore observes signifies a Devourer And neither Gildas nor Geâ—ffrey of Monmouth who calls the Saxons Ambrones use the word in any other sense Nor have I ever found in any ancient Author that there were other Ambrones that invaded Britain The ENGLISH-SAXONS â—glish â—ons WHen the Roman Empire under Valentinian the younger was declining and Britain both a It was most of all exhausted by the proceedings of Maximus who being set up Emperor by the souldiery in Britain to secure himself against Gratian anâ— Valentinian carried over the flower of the Bâ—itains and would not let them return home See Ninnius cap. 23. Stillingfl Orig. Brit. p. 288. robb'd of her ablest men by frequent levies and abandon'd by the Roman garisons was not in a condition to withstand the incursions of the Picts and Scots â—all'd 〈◊〉 Guorâ—rn Vortigern who either was constituted General by the Britains or as some think usurp'd that title b Not so much against the Scots and Picts as his own Subjâ—cts For tho' those northern nations did no doubt very much terrifie him yet he had moâ—e reason to be jâ—alous of the Britains themselves if what Gildas tell us be true that in the confusion they were left in they set up Kings and quickly dethron'd them advancing worse to that dignity in order to confirm his own government and to recover the sinking state sends for the Saxons out of Germany to his relief He was says Ninnius
that dominion by Christ crucified but who was now made Lord of Lords and Prince over the Kings of the earth This Prince was son to King Aethelred so that in him to the great joy of the English the Danish Government being extinguished the noble antient Saxon Line was restored He was a Prince of very great justice devotion mildness bounty and many other excellent virtues And indeed several things reported to his prejudice seem capable of a rational Apology as the hard usage of his mother Emma and his wife Edith Neither wanted he courage or diligence but the factions of the great nobility and ambition of Earl Godwin required a more severe if not austerer Government The reverse Othgrim on Efrwic I conceive to be York The fifteenth is of the same Edward but with an unusual ornament upon his head in his hand a scepter ending in a lily The reverse perhaps is Ailmer on Scrobe coined at Shrowesbury The sixteenth is of the same with an Imperial or close crown his scepter hath three pearls cross-wise On the reverse is a cross between four martlets I suppose which was the original or first of those Arms they call of the West-Saxons though Arms and Scutcheons c. are of a later invention and are now of the City of London and divers other places but they are in several particulars altered from what they were in his time perhaps for the greater beauty The reverse of the sixteenth is imperfect That of the seventeenth I cannot read perhaps it is the same with that of the nineteenth Of the eighteenth the reverse is Walter on Eoferwick The nineteenth is Edward with a crown Imperial and scepter on it a cross like that of an Archbishop The Reverse is Drintmer on Wal. perhaps Wallingford The twentieth is Edward with a crown pearled the reverse may be .... dinnit on Leicester The twenty first hath another unusual ornament on his head the reverse is Sietmait on Sutho perhaps some place in Suthfolk The twenty second is of Harold a younger son of Earl Godwin How he gain'd the Kingdom whilst the rightful Heir Edgar was alive except by force and power I know not Some say King Edward bequeath'd it to him conceiving Edgar not so able to govern others that he was chosen by the consent of the Nobility but this is not probable But his father as long as he lived had used all means just and unjust to get the great offices of command into his hands of which coming after his death to Harold the best and worthiest of his children he made use accordingly Before his reign he had shewed himself very valiant diligent and loyal also at least more than his brethren and as soon as crown'd he endeavoured by all prudent and fitting means to obtain the favour of the people But his reign lasted not long and was taken up with wars and troubles At last fighting rashly and indiscreetly with William Duke of Normandy he was slain with two of his brethren the third being killed before in a battle near York And so ended the great power and ambition of Earl Godwin and his family as also of the Kingdom of the Saxons From the twenty third to the twenty eighth is Sancti Petri moneta most of them coined at York yet with several stamps I am in great doubt whether these were coined for Peter-pence or Romescot which was an annual tax of a penny each houshold given for the West-Saxon Kingdom by King Ina about anno 720 for Mercia by King Offa and paid at the festival of S. Petri ad vincula At first some say for the education of Saxon Scholars at Rome but afterwards as all grant for the use of the Pope himself not then so well provided as afterwards The like tax of three half pence and a sieve of oats for each family was about the same time given also by the Polonians upon the same reasons Or whether it was the ordinary money coined by the Archbishop whose famous Cathedral was of St. Peter For amongst the great number of such coins I have seen very few one is that of the 20th in this table stamped other where Besides there is such great variety in the stamps that very many more than methinks necessary for that payment must needs have been coined nor is the sword a proper symbol for S. Peter The twenty sixth What the word in the reverse signifies whether the name of a person or place I know not The twenty eighth and twenty ninth St. Neglino I do not understand as neither the thirtieth These coins of St. Peter with the three following and divers others scattered in the other plates were found at Harkirk in the parish of Sephton in Lancashire as they were digging for a burying-place and were all afterwards engraved and printed in one large sheet but having seen many of the same it was not fitting to omit them The thirty one is of Berengarius King of Italy in Charles the Great 's time The reverse shews the building of some church what we know not the words Christiana Religio shew also so much The thirty second is Ludovicus Pius the reveâ—se much the same The thirty third is of Carlus Magnus and informs us of his true name which was not Carolus from Charus or Carus but Carlus in the Northern languages signifying a man vir or a strong man Metullo was one of the coining places in France in his time The thirty fourth is Anlaf Cyning a name very troublesome about the times of Aethelstan and aâ—ter There seem to have been two of them one King of Ireland another of some part of Northumberland V. Tab. 6. c. 28. What that not-unelegant figure in the midst implies as also that in the reverse except it be the front of some church I cannot conceive as neither who that Farhin or Farning was I much doubted how Anlaf a Pagan should stamp a church with crosses upon his coin till Mr. Charleton shewed me on a coin of Sihtric Anlaf's father a Christian the very same figures the Mint-master for haste or some other reason making use of the same stamp The thirty fifth is of the unfortunate Aethelred mentioned here because coined by Earl Godwin in Kent Whence appears what I hinted before that the Nobility and Governors put their names upon the coins and not only the Mint-masters as was more frequent in France The thirty sixth is of Harold the son of Godwin the reverse is Brunstan on Lot fecit Brunstan seems to have been only a Mint-master where Lot is I know not The thirty seventh is of Harold son of Cnut The reverse is Leofwine on Brightstoll The thirty eighth hath the reverse Brintanmere on Wallingford as I conceive These 3 by misfortune were misplaced yet fit to be known because of the places of their stamping Saxon Coins TAB VIII IN this plate are collected divers unknown coins yet such as I conceive to have belonged to these Nations some also of former Kings repeated
I cannot but observe that some very learned men have betray'd a want of judgment by bringing Scotland into this number which some of them urge to have been the Maxima Caesariensis others the Britannia Secunda As if the Romans had not altogether neglected those parts possessed as it were by the bitterness of the air and within this number only included such Provinces as were governed by Consular Lieutenants and Presidents For the Maxima Caesariensis and Valentia were rul'd by persons of Consular dignity and the other three Britannia Prima Secunda and Flavia by Presidents If one ask me what grounds I have for this division and accuse me of setting undue bounds he shall hear in few words what it was drew me into this opinion After I had observed that the Romans call'd those Provinces Primae which were nearest Rome as Germania Prima Belgica Prima Lugdunensis Prima Aquitania Prima Pannonia Prima all which lye nearer Rome than such as are called Secundae and that the more nice writers called these Primae the Upper and the Secundae the Lower I presently concluded the South part of our Island as nearer Rome to be the Britannia Prima For the same reason since the Secundae Provinciae as they call them were most remote from Rome I thought Wales must be the Britannia Secunda Further observing that in the decline of the Roman Empire those Provinces only had Consular Governors which were the Frontiers as is evident from the Notitia not only in Gaul but also in Africk and that Valentia with us as also Maxima Caesariensis are called Consular Provinces I took it for granted that they were nearest and most expos'd to the Scots and Picts in the places above mentioned And as for Flavia Caesariensis I cannot but fancy that it was in the middle of the rest and the heart of England wherein I am the more positive because I have that ancient writer Giraldus Cambrensis on my side These were the Divisions of Britain under the Romans Afterwards the barbarous nations breaking in on every hand and civil wars prevailing more and more among the Britains it lay for some time as it were without either blood or spirits without the least face of government But at last that part which lyes northward branched into two Kingdoms of the Scots and Picts and the Pentarchy of the Romans in this hither part was made the Heptarchy of the Saxons For they divided this whole Roman Province except Wales which the remains of the Britains possessed themselves of into seven Kingdoms viz. Kent South-Sex East-Anglia West-Sex Saxon Heptarchy Northumberland East-Sex and Mercia But what this Heptarchy of the Saxons was and what the names of the places in that age you will more easily apprehend by this Chorographical Table Considering that such Tracts or Counties as these Kingdoms contained could not so conveniently be represented in a small Chorographical Table because of its narrowness I chose rather to explain it by this other Scheme which at once gives the Reader an entire view than by a heap of words The Saxon Heptarchy 1. The Kingdom of Kent contain'd The County of Kent 2. The Kingdom of the South-Saxons contain'd The Counties of Sussex Surrey 3. The Kingdom of the East-Angles contain'd The Counties of Norfolk Suffolk Cambridge with the Isle of Ely 4. The Kingdom of the West-Saxons contain'd The Counties of Cornwall Devonshire Dorsetshire Somersetshire Wiltshire Hamshire Berkshire 5. The Kingdom of Northumberland contain'd The Counties of Lancaster York Durham Cumberland Westmorland Northumberland and Scotland to the Fryth of Edenburgh 6. The Kingdom of the East-Saxons contain'd The Counties of Essex Middlesex and part of Hertfordshire 7. The Kingdom of Mercia contain'd The Counties of Glocester Hereford Worcester Warwick Leicester Rutland Northampton Lincoln Huntingdon Bedford Buckingham Oxford Stafford Derby Shropshire Nottingham Chester and the other part of Hertfordshire 〈…〉 Counties BUT yet while the Heptarchy continued England was not divided into what we call Counties but into several small partitions with their number of Hides a Catalogue whereof out of an old Fragment was communicated to me by Francis Tate a person very much conversant in our Law-Antiquities But this only contains that part which lies on this side the Humber Myrena contains 30000 * A hidâ—sas some will have iâ— includes as much land as one plow can till in a year but as others as much as 4 Virgats Hides Woken-setnae 7000 hides Westerna 7000 hides Pec-setna 1200 hides Elmed-setna 600 hides Lindes-farona 7000 hides Suth-Gyrwa 600 hides North-Gyrwa 600 hides East-Wixna 300 hides West-Wixna 600 hides Spalda 600 hides Wigesta 900 hides Herefinna 1200 hides Sweordora 300 hides Eyfla 300 hides Wicca 300 hides Wight-gora 600 hides Nox gaga 5000 hides Oht-gaga 2000 hides Hwynca 7000 hides Cittern-setna 4000 hides Hendrica 3000 hides Vnecung-ga 1200 hides Aroseatna 600 hides Fearfinga 300 hides Belmiga 600 hides Witherigga 600 hides East-Willa 600 hides West-Willa 600 hides East-Engle 30000 hides East-Sexena 7000 hides Cant-Warena 15000 hides Suth-Sexena 7000 hides West-Sexena 100000 hides Tho' some of those names are easily understood at the first sight others will hardly be hammered out by a long and curious search for my part I freely confess they require a quicker apprehension than I am master of Called in the Coins Aelfred Afterwards when King Alfred had the whole government in his own hands as our forefathers the Germans which we learn from Tacitus administer'd justice according to the several Lordships and Villages taking an hundred of the common-people as assistants to manage that business so he to use the words of Ingulphus of Crowland first divided England into Counties because the natives themselves committed robberies after the example and under colour of the Danes Moreover he made the Counties to be divided into so many Centuries or Hundreds Hundreds and Tithings ordering that every man in the Kingdom should be ranked under some one or other hundred and tithing The Governours of Provinces were before that called * Vicedomini Lieutenants but this office he divided into two Judges now called Justices and Sheriffs which still retain the same name By the care and industry of those the whole Kingdom in a short time enjoyed so great peace that if a traveller had let fall a sum of money never so large in the evening either in the fields or publick high-ways if he came next morning or even a month after he should find it whole and untouch'd This is more largely insisted upon by the Malmesbury Historian Even the natives says he under pretence of being barbarians i.e. Danes fell to robberies so that there was no safe travelling without arms But King Alfred settled the Centuries commonly called Hundreds and the Tithings that every English man living under the protection of the Laws should have both his hundred and his tithing And if any one was accused of a misdemeanour he should get bail in the
and is watered with other Rivers Land floods and constant Springs The middle of this shire is for the most part plain and level a-cross which from East to West a wonderful ditch is thrown up for many miles together it is called by the neighbouring Inhabitants Wansdike â—nsdike of which they have a groundless tradition that it was made by the Devil upon a Wednesday The Saxons indeed term'd it Wodenerdic that is Woden's or Mercury's ditch probably from Woden the false God and Father of the Heathen Saxons I always thought that it was cast up by the Saxons for a Boundary between the Dominions of the West Saxons and the Mercians b For this Country was the field of war during the contentions between these two Kingdoms about the enlarging of their Territories And the village e Brompton calls it in two places Bonebury occasion'd probably by a mistake of the first letter Wodensburge is near this ditch c where Ceaulin the most valiant King of the West-Saxons A. D. 590. endeavouring to defend the frontiers of his kingdom was so routed in a bloody battle by the Britains and some malecontent Saxons that he was forced to flie his Country and died pitied by his very enemies miserably in exile And that I may omit other actions here Ina the W. Saxon and Ceolred the Mercian fought with equal success This Ditch is like that which Offa made to separate the Britains from his Mercians â—mitâ— yet call'd Offa-dike there are others of the like nature to be seen in the Kingdom of the East-Angles 2 In Cambridgeshire and Suffolk by which they fortified themselves against the incursions of the Mercians of which I shall treat more largely in their proper places In North Wiltshire d the Thames runs by the town call'd Crecklade 3 By Marianus â—klade by others Grekelade from the Greek Philosophers as some credulously think by whom as t is recorded in the History of Oxford an University was here founded which was afterwards translated to Oxford 4 West from that is Highworth highly seated a well known market c. Under this is Lediara Tregoze the seat of the Knightly Family of the St. Johns which Margaret de Bello Campo or Beauchamp afterwards Dutchess of Somerset gave to Oliver St. John her second son To her it came as heiress to those great names of Patishull Grandison and Tregoze f And Ewias from whence it is also call'd in some Records Lediard Ewias Near to this is Wotton-Basset 5 Having this primitive name from Wood. Wotton-Basset whose additional name shews that it sometime belong'd to the noble family of the Bassets In the last Century as I have been inform'd it was the seat g From the Bassets it came to Hugh Despenser and upon his attainder to the Crown K. Edward 3. gave it to his son Edmund de Langele Duke of York who was probably the same that our Author means of the Duke of York who here enclosed a very large park for deer All the Country hereabouts once cover'd with Breden-wood now called Breden forest B edenforest was miserably wasted by Ethelwald Clito and his auxiliary Danes A. D. 905. On the West side of this Forest the forementioned river Avon smoothly glides which arising almost in the very North limit of this County runneth toward the south and was as h Lib. 4. c. 4. Ethelwerd observes for some time the boundary of the West Saxon and Mercian Kingdoms at which there were several great battles fought e Whilst it is but shallow it runneth at the bottom of the hill upon which Malmsbury Malmsâ—ury is built and having received another brook it almost compasseth it round It is a neat town and in good repute upon the account of the Cloathing-trade and was as the Eulogium Historiarum reports with the castles of Lacock and Tetbury built by Dunwallo Mulmutius King of the Britains and by him call'd Caer Bladon And when it was destroy'd by wars out of it's ruines arose as Historians have it upon record a Castle which our Ancestors in their own language nam'd Ingelborne Ingelborne when at the same time the Saxon petty Kings had their Palace at Caerdurburge now Brokenbridge a village scarce a mile from hence It was known by no other name but that of Ingelborn for a long time after until one Maildulphus Maildulphus an Irish Scot a great Scholar and a man of signal devotion being delighted with the pleasantness of the wood that grew under this hill here lived an Hermit but afterwards setting up a school and with his scholars devoting himself to a monastick life he built a little monastery From this Maildulphus the town of Ingleborn began to be call'd Maildulfesburg and by Bede Maildulfi urbs Maildulf's City which in process of time contracted into Malmesbury In some Historians and ancient Charters granted to this place it is written Meldunum Maldubury and Maldunsburg Among Maildulf's scholars Aldhelm Aldhelm was the most eminent who being design'd his successor by the help of Eleutherius Bishop of †West-Saxonum Winchester to whom the ground did of right belong built here a stately Monastery of which he himself was the first Abbot and from him this town in a MS. is called Aldelmesbirig But this name soon grew out of use tho' the i There is a meadow at Malmesbury call'd S. Aldhelm's mead MS. Aubr And before the Reformation they had several other memorials of him his Psalter the Robe wherein he said Mass and a great Bell in the Abbey-steeple call'd S. Aldhelm's bell The village about 6 or 7 miles south-east from Malmsbury call'd Hilmartâ—n is probably denominated from this Saint for in Domesday-book it is Aldhelmertone memory of that holy man upon the account of his being Canoniz'd remains still Upon his Feast-day there is a great Fair k I think there is no such thing at present at which time a Company of souldiers are usually listed to prevent disorders among such a concourse of strangers And truly his memory deserveth eternal honour not only for the sanctity of his life but also for his Learning allowance being made for the ignorance of the times he liv'd in He was the first Saxon that ever wrote in Latin and the first that taught the Saxons the method of composing Latin verse and so perform'd what he promis'd of himself in these verses Primus ego in patriam mecum modo vita supersit Aonio rediens deducum vertice musas I to my country first if fates permit Will bring the muses from their native seat The great Aethelstan made this Aldhelm his tutelar Saint and for his sake endowed the Town with large immunities and enriched the Monastery with ample Donations he chose this place for his sepulchre and the inhabitants shew his monument to this day From the time of this Aethelstan the Abbey was famous for it's wealth and here was
last Office he was able to pay him not to preserve his memory which his many Virtues had made immortal but his body committed to the ground in hopes of a joyful Resurrection As for the River which runs by and has its Spring in the Northern parts of this County it is enlarg'd by the influx of many Rivulets on both sides the most noted of which washes Cowdrey a noble seat of Viscount Montacute 7 Which for building oweth much to the late Viscount and formerly to Sir William Fâ—tz-Williams Earl of Southamton and has on it's other side Midherst 8 That is Middle-wood proud of its Lords the Bohuns who bear for their Arms A Cross Azure in a Field Or and from Ingelricus de Bohun under K. Hen. 1. flourish'd till Hen. 7's days who gave in marriage the Daughter and heir of John Bohun to Sir David Owen Knight the natural Son of Owen Theodore or Tudor with a large inheritance Bohuns of Mâ—dâ—â—â—â— Their Arms Spigurâ—el what a signifies These Bohuns were to note by the by the antiquity of a word now grown out of use for some time the Kings Spigurnels by inheritance that is the Sealers of his Writs which Office together with the Serjeanty of the King's Chapel was resigned to K. Edw. 1. by John de Bohun the Son of Franco as we read in an old Charter made concerning that very matter Next we have a sight of Pettworth Pettwâ—â—th which William D'Aubeney Earl of Arundel gave together with a ‖ large estate to Josceline of Lovain a Brabander Queen Adeliza's brother a younger son of Godfrey Duke of Brabant descended from the stock of Charlemain upon his marriage with Agnes the only daughter and heir of the Percies The Percies Since which time the posterity of that Josceline having assumed the name of Percy as we shall tell you elsewhere have held it See Northumberland in the end A family certainly very ancient and noble which derive their descent from Charlemain more directly and with a series of Ancestors much less interrupted than either the Dukes of Lorrain or Guise who so highly value themselves upon that account This Josceline as I have seen in a donation of his us'd this Title Josceline of Lovain Brother of Queen Adeliza Castellane of Arundel As the shore gives back from the mouth of Arun 9 Inwardly is Michelgrove that is Great Grove the heir general whereof so surnamed was married to John Shelley whereby with the profâ—ssion of the Law and a marriage with one of the Coheirs of Beknap the family of Shelley was greatly enrich'd near Tering lies Offingtons The faâ—â—â— of the Wâ—â—â— the seat of William West Baron De la-ware This of the Wests is a noble and ancient family whose estate being much enlarg'd by matching with the heirs of Cantelupe of Hempston and of Fitz-Reginald Fitz-Herbert was adorn'd also with the title of Baron by the heir general of the Lord De-la-ware Barons de 〈◊〉 Ware Hard by is a sort compass'd about with a bank rudely cast up where the inhabitants believe that Caesar intrench'd and sortify'd his Camp But Cissbury Cissbury the name of the place plainly shews it was the work of Cissa who was the second King of this Kingdom of the Saxon race succeeding Aella his father and with his brother Cimen and no small body of Saxons landed on this coast at Cimen shore Cimeâ—-shore so call'd of the said Cimen a place which now hath lost it's name but that it was near Wittering King Cedwalla's Charter of Donation made to the Church of Selsey is a very convincing proof There is another fort likewise to be seen two miles from Cissbury which they commonly call Chenkbury Thence near the sea lies Broodwater the Barony of the Lords de Camois Câ—mâ—â—s who flourish'd here from the time of King Edward 1. till * Heâ—â—â— time our Grandfathers remembrance when by female heirs the estate fell to the Lewkenors and Radmilds Of this family John Camois son of Lord Ralph Camois by a president not to be parallel'd in that nor our own age out of his own free will I speak from the Parliament Rolls themselves gave and demised his own wife Margaret daughter and heir of John de Gaidesden A Wâ—â—e given 〈◊〉 grantâ—◠〈◊〉 another Paâ—l â—â— Edw. â— to Sir William Painel Knight and to the same William voluntarily gave granted released and quit claimed all the goods and chattels which she hath or otherwise hereafter might have and also whatsoever was in his hands of the aforesaid Margaret 's goods and chattels with their appurtenances So that neither he himself nor any man else in his name might claim or challenge any interest nor ought for ever in the aforesaid Margaret from henceforth or in the goods or chattels of the said Margaret Which is as much as what the Ancients said in one word Ut omnia sua secum haberet that she should have away with her all that was hers By vertue of which grant when she demanded her dowry in the mannour of Torpull an estate of John Camois her first husband there commenc'd a memorable suit But she was cast in it and sentence pass'd That she ought to have no dowry from thence Upon a Statute made against Women absenting themselves from their Husbands c. This I mention with a sort of reluctancy but I perceive Pope Gregory had good reason to write to Archbishop Lanfrank that he heard there were some amongst the Scots that not only forsook their Wives but sold them too since even in England they so gave and demis'd them Upon the shore a little lower appears Shoreham Shoreham anciently Score-ham which by little and little has dwindled into a poor village now call'd Old Shoreham having given rise to another Town of the same name the greatest part whereof is ruin'd and under water and the commodiousness of it's Port by reason of the banks of sand cast up at the mouth of the river wholly taken away whereas in former ages it was wont to carry ships under sail as high as Brember Brember-Castâ—e at a pretty distance from the sea This was a castle formerly of the Breoses for K. William 1. gave it to William de Breose from whom the Breoses Lords of Gower and Brechnock are descended and from them also the Knightly Families of the Shirleys in this County and Leicestershire But now instead of a castle there is nothing but a heap of ruins beneath which lies Stening on set-days a well-frequented market which in Aelfred's Will if I mistake not is called Steyningham 10 In latter times it had a Cell of Black Monks wherein was enshrin'd St. Cudman an obscure Saint and visited by Pilgrims with Oblations e â—â—â—tus Ad â—ni 〈◊〉 Proâ—â—â—rum That ancient port also call'd Portus Adurni as it seems is scarce 3 miles off the mouth of the river where when the Saxons
16 Now cut down which commendeth Sir William Sevenok an Alderman of London who being a foundling and brought up here and therefore so named built here in grateful remembrance an Hospital and a School On the east-side of it standeth Knoll so call'd for that it is seated upon a hill which Thomas Bourchier Archbishop of Canterbury purchasing of Sir William Fienes Lord Say and Scale adorn'd with a fair house and now lately Thomas Earl of Dorset Lord Treasurer hath furbish'd and beautify'd the old work with new chargeable additaments g and so to Ottanford now Otford Otford famous for a bloody defeat of the Danes in the year 1016 h and proud of it's Royal house built by Warham Archbishop of Canterbury for him and his successors with such splendour and stateliness that Cranmer his immediate successor to avoid envy was forc'd to exchange it with Henry 8. Lullingston Lullingston where was formerly a castle the seat of a noble family of the same name 17 But now of Sir Percival Hart descended from one of the coheirs of the Lord Bray lies lower down upon the Darent i which at it's mouth gives name to Darentford commonly Dartford Dartford a large and throng market k 18 Where King Edward 3. built a Nunnery which K. Henry 8. converted into a house for himself and his successors and below that receives the little river Crecce 19 Anciently called Creccan when in his short course he hath imparted his name to five Townlets which he watereth as St. Mary-Crey Paul's Crey Votes-Crey North-Crey and Crey-Ford At Creccanford now Creyford a ford over this river Hengist the Saxon eight years after the coming in of the Saxons engag'd the Britains where he cut off their Commanders and gave them such a blooâ—y defeat that afterwards he quietly establish'd his kingdom in Kent without any fear of disturbance from that quarter From Darent to the mouth of Medwey the Thames sees nothing but some small towns the omission whereof will be no damage either to their reputation or any thing else l 20 Yet amongst them is Swanscomb of which I have heretofore spoken of honourable memory among the Kentish-men for obtaining there the continuance of their ancient Franchises Afterwards it was well known by the Mentceusies men of great nobility the owners thereof who had their Barony hereabouts In the margin Swanescomb i.e. K. Swane's Camp However the most considerable of them are these Graves-end 21 So called as Mr. Lambard is my Author as the Gâ—reves-end i.e. the limit of the Gereve or Reve. Gravesend remarkable as any town in England 22 For the usual passage by water between it and London since the Abbot of Gâ—ace by the Tower of London to which it appertain'd obtain'd of K. Richard 2. that the inhabitants of it and Milton only should transport passengers from thence to London for being a sort of station between Kent and London where King Hen. 8. †When he fortify'd the sea coasts fortify'd both sides of the river 23 Beyond Gravesend is Shorn held anciently by Sir Roger Northwoâ—d by service to carry with others the King's Tenants a white Ensign 40 days at his own charges Inquis 39 E. 3. when the King warr'd in Scotland On the back of this a little more within land stands Cobham for a long time the seat of the Barons of Cobham Barons of Cobham the last whereof John Cobham built a College here and a Castle at Couling leaving one only daughter wife of John de la Pole Knight who had by her one only daughter Joan marry'd to several husbands But she had issue only by Reginald Braybrok Her third husband 24 Sir John Old-castle John de Oldcastle was hang'd and burnt for endeavouring innovations in Religion But the only daughter of Reginald Braybrooke call'd Joan was marry'd to Thomas Brook of the County of Somerset from him the sixth in a lineal descent was lately Henry Brooke Baron Cobham who because fortune did not humour him in every thing by the force of insolence and anger was induc'd to throw off his Allegiance to the kindest of Princes for which he had the sentence of death pass'd upon him but remains alive to this day a lasting monument of the Royal clemency From Graves-end a small tract like a Chersonese call'd Ho Ho. shoots it self out a long way to the east between the Thames and the Medway the situation of it not very wholsom 25 At the entry hereof is Cowling-castle built by John Lord Cobham in a moorish ground In it is Cliffe Cliffe a pretty large town so nam'd from the Cliff upon which it stands But whether this be that Clives at Ho famous for a Synod in the infancy of the English Church I dare not as some others are be positive partly because the situation is not very convenient for a Synod and partly because this Clives at Ho seems to have been in the kingdom of Mercia m The river Medwege now Medway Medway in British if I mistake not Vaga to which the Saxons added Med rises in the wood Anderida call'd Wealde Weald i.e. a woody country which for a long way together takes up the south part of this County At first being yet but small 26 It receiveth the Eden Pensherst it runs by Pens-hurst 27 The seat anciently as it seemeth by the name of Sir Stephen de Penherst who was also called de Penshester a famous Warden of the Cinque-ports the seat of the ancient family of the Sidneys descended from William de Sidney Sidney Chamberlain to Henry 2. Of which family was 28 Sir Henry Sidney Henry Sidney the famous Lord Lieutenant of Ireland who by the daughter of John Dudley Duke of Northumberland and Earl of Warwick had Philip and Robert Robert was honour'd first with the title of Baron Sidney of Penshurst and then with that of * Vicecomes insulae See in Barkshire Sir Philip Sidney Viscount Lisle by the present K. James But 29 Sir Philip. Philip not to be omitted without an unpardonable crime who was the great glory of that family the great hopes of mankind the most lively pattern of virtue and the darling of the learned world hotly engaging the enemy at Zutphen in Gelderland lost his life bravely This is that Sidney whom as Providence seems to have sent into the world to give the present age a specimen of the Ancients so did it on a sudden recall him and snatch him from us as more worthy of heaven than earth Thus where Virtue comes to perfection 't is gone in a trice and the best things are never lasting Rest then in peace O Sidney if I may be allow'd this address we will not celebrate your memory with tears but admiration Whatever we lov'd in you as the best of Authors speaks of that best Governour of Britaine Tacitus of Agricola
Cair Dorin Dorchester Dorchester call'd by Bede Civitas Dorciniae and by Leland Hydropolis which is a name of his own invention but well adapted to the nature of the place Dour signifying water in the British tongue That this was formerly a station of the Romans several of their Coins found frequently in this place do sufficiently attest and our Histories tell us it was once a Bishop's See founded by Birinus the Apostle of the West-Saxons who having baptiz'd Cinigilse a petty King of the West-Saxons to whom Oswald King of Northumberland was Godfather the two Kings as Bede tells us gave the Bishop this City to constitute here his Episcopal See This Birinus as we learn from the same Bede was f Whereupon we find in the MS. History of Alchester A round hill there still appears where the superstitious ensuing ages built Birinus a shrine teaching them that had any Cattel amiss to creep to that shrine for help esteem'd in that age as a miracle of piety and strictness of life whence an old Poet who wrote his life in verse does thus extol him Dignior attolli quà m sit Tyrinthius heros Quà m sit Alexander Macedo Tyrinthius hostes Vicit Alexander mundum Birinus utrunque Nec tantum vicit mundum Birinus hostem Sed sese bello vincens victus eodem Alcides less than thee shall men proclaim And Alexander own thy greater fame Tho that his foes and this the world o'recame With foes and world Birinus did subdue Himself the vanquisht and the victor too This See after four hundred and sixty years continuance lest the name and authority of a Bishop might grow contemptible from so mean and inconsiderable a place against which a Council of Bishops had g An. 1072. lately provided was translated to Lincoln by Remigius in the time of William the Conquerour At which time says William of Malmsbury who flourisht in that age Dorchester was a small and unfrequented village yet the beauty and state of its Churches was very remarkable as well for the ancient work as the present care taken of them After this removal of the Bishop's Chair it began sensibly to decay and of late the great road to London which lay through the town being turn'd another way it is so weakned and impoverisht that though it was formerly a city it scarce now deserves the name of a town Nor has it any thing to boast of but the ruins of its former greatness of which we find some signs and tokens in the adjacent fields qq Near this place Tame and Isis with mutual consent joyn as it were in wedlock and mix their names as well as their waters being h See the Additions to Wiltshire about the beginning henceforth call'd Tham-Isis or the Thames Tame and Isis joyn in like manner as the rivers Jor and Dan in the Holy Land and Dor and Dan in France from which composition are Jordan and Dordan This seems to have been first observ'd by the Author of the Eulogium Historiarum Of the marriage of Tame and Isis I present you here with some verses from a Poem of that title which you may read or pass over as you please Hic vestit Zephyrus florentes gramine ripas Floraque nectareis redimit caput Isidis herbis Seligit ambrosios pulcherrima Gratia flores Contexit geminas Concordia laeta corollas Extollitque suas taedas Hymenaeus in altum Naiades aedificant thalamumque thorumque profundo Stamine gemmato textum pictisque columnis Undique fulgentem Qualem nec Lydia Regi Extruxit Pelopi nec tu Cleopatra marito Illic manubias cumulant quas Brutus Achivis Quas Brennus Graecis rigidus Gurmundus Hibernis Bunduica Romanis claris Arthurius Anglis Eripuit quicquid Scotis victricibus armis Abstulit Edwardus virtusque Britannica Gallis Hauserat interea sperati conjugis ignes Tama Catechlanûm delabens montibus illa Impatiens nescire thorum nupturaque gressus Accelerat longique dies sibi stare videntur Ambitiosa suum donec praeponere nomen Possit amatori Quid non mortalia cogit Ambitio notamque suo jam nomine * Tame villam Linquit Norrisiis geminans salvete valete Cernitur tandem Dorcestria prisca petiti Augurium latura thori nunc Tama resurgit Nexa comam spicis trabea succincta virenti Aurorae superans digitos vultumque Diones Pestanae non labra rosae non lumina gemmae Lilia non aequant crines non colla pruinae Utque fluit crines madidos in terga repellit Reddit undanti legem formamque capillo En subito frontem placidis è fluctibus Isis Effert totis radios spargentia campis Aurea stillanti resplendent lumina vultu Jungit optatae nunc oscula plurima Tamae Mutuaque explicitis innectunt colla lacertis Oscula mille sonant connexu brachia pallent Labra ligant animos tandem descenditur una In thalamum quo juncta Fide Concordia sancta Splendida conceptis sancit connubia verbis Undique multifori strepitat nunc tibia buxi Flucticolae Nymphae Dryades Satyrique petulci In numeros circum ludunt ducuntque choreas Dum pede concutiunt alterno gramina laeti Permulcent volucres sylvas modulamine passim Certatimque sonat laetum reparabilis Echo Omnia nunc rident campi laetantur Amores Fraenatis plaudunt avibus per inania vecti Personat cythara quicquid vidêre priores Pronuba victura lauro velata Britôna Haec canit ut toto diducta Britannia mundo Cum victor rupes divulserit aequore Nereus Et cur Neptuni lapidosa grandine natum Albionem vicit nostras delatus in oras Hercules illimes libatus Thamisis undas Quas huc adveniens aras sacravit Ulysses Utque Corinaeo Brutus comitatus Achate Occiduos adiit tractus ut Caesar anhelus Territa quaesitis ostendit terga Britannis c. And after a few other verses Dixerat unito consurgit unus amore Laetior exultans nunc nomine Tamisis uno Oceanumque patrem quaerens jactantior undas Promovet Here with soft blasts obliging Zephyrs pass And cloath the flowry banks with long-liv'd grass The fragrant Crown that her glad hands have made Officious Flora puts on Isis head The beauteous Graces have their business too They brush the weeping flowers from their ambrosial dew Which joyful Concord does with pleasing care Weave into Chaplets for the God-like pair While Hymen's mounted Taper lights the air In a fair vault beneath the swelling stream The Marriage-bed the busie Naiads frame Where brightest gems the painted columns grace And doubly shine with their reflected rays No such great Pelops kingdom could afford Nor lavish Cleopatra for her Lord. On this the Virgins in vast numbers pile Proud spoils and trophies of the conqu'ring Isle What Bundwic Gurmund Brennus Brute brought home From Greece from Gaul from Ireland and from Rome What mighty Arthur from the Saxons won What Edward from the Scots and
build an Hospital in the place of it for the maintenance of wounded and superannuated Soldiers which being begun by him was carried on by his Successor King James the second and is finisht and furnisht with all sorts of Necessaries and Conveniencies by their present Majesties 'T is indeed a Structure well suiting the munificence of its Royal Founders being more nobly accommodated with all sorts of Offices and adorned with more spatious walks and gardens perhaps than any Nobleman's house or College in the Kingdom h Hence our Author brings us to London London the capital city of England where he first give us an account of it's various names and etymologies of them to which I shall only add * Chron. Sax. that it was also call'd by the Saxons Lundone Lundune and Lundenburh and has another etymology given us of it's Latin name by the judicious Mr. Somner †Glossar ad X. Script who derives it from the British Llawn plenus frequens and dyn homo or din the same with dinas urbs civitas either of which joyned wit Llawn will signifie a populous place as London has always been i As to the original of the City tho' we have no certain account City buiâ—â— it not being clear that there was any such place in Caesar's time and yet a great town of trade in Nero's as Tacitus witnesses doubtless it must be founded within that little compass of time between those Emperours and in all probability as the learned ‖ Orig. Bâ—â—t p. 43. Bishop of Worcester thinks about the time of Claudius and inhabited by the Romans and Britains together being a trading tho' not a military Colony as Camulodunum was from the very beginning But it flourish'd not long for in the very next reign of the Emperour Nero upon that grand revolt of the Iceni and Trinobantes under Boodicia his Lieutenant Suetonius Paulinus judging it not tenible and taking away from it to his aid the choicest of the Citizens it was quickly sack'd by the Britains and the remaining inhabitants barbarously massacred without any regard to sex or age So that I cannot so fully agree with our Author when he asserts that this has been a City vix unquam magnis calamitatibus conflictata Suffer'd several Calamities that scarce ever engag'd any great calamity For not only in it's infancy but when grown to a greater bulk in the year 839. in the reign of King Ethelwolf it was surprized by the Danes and the Citizens inhumanly butcher'd Quickly after in the year 851. it was again sack'd by the Danes the army of Beorhtwulf King of Mercia who came to it's defence being totally routed Again in the year 872. in the days of King Ethelred the Danes took it and winter'd in it And so again An. 1013. after a great fight with Swane King of Denmark who besieg'd it the Citizens were at last forc'd to admit him and his army to winter in it and to pay him such tribute as he demanded Lastly in the year 1016. it was twice besieg'd and so much streighten'd by Canutus that they were necessitated in fine to receive him into the city give him winter quarters and to buy their peace with a sum of money * Châ—â—â— Sax. 〈…〉 Anâ—â— Not to mention the grievous insults that were made upon it of later years by Wat Tyler and Jack Straw temp Rich. 2. An. 1381. of Jack Cade otherwise call'd by his followers John Mend-all An. 1450. temp Hen. 6. and the bastard Falconbridge temp Edw. 4. An. 1481. Nor has it suffer'd only by the sword it being much wasted by fire as ‖ Polyâ— Lib. â— Ranulph Higden tells us An. 983. And in the year 1077 in the days of William the Conquerour it was also consumed by so great a fire as had not happen'd to it as the Saxon Chronicle expresses it since it's foundation †Châ—â—â— Sax p â— Quickly after again in the same King's reign An. 1086. the Church of S. Paul was quite burnt down with the greatest and most splendid part of the City ‖ Stow's Survey p. 2â—â— Again in the year 1135. the first of King Stephen by a fire which began in Cannon-street near London-stone the City was consumed from thence to the Eastward as far as Aldgate to S. Paul's Church Westward and to the South as far as Southwark the bridge then of timber being quite burnt down It was afterwards rebuilt of stone and houses set upon it but within four years after it was finish'd An. 1212. upon occasion of a fire in Southwark whilst a multitude of people were passing the bridge either to extinguish or to gaze at it on a sudden the houses on the North end of the bridge by a strong South wind were set on fire So that the people thronging betwixt two fires could now expect no help but from the vessels in the river which came in great numbers to their assistance but the multitude so unadvisedly rush'd into them that they were quickly overset and the people drown'd and betwixt fire and water there perish'd above 3000 persons †G alt 〈…〉 Lâ— Dâ—n◠〈…〉 S. Also Feb. 13. An. 1033. a third part at least of the same bridge was again burnt down Sâ—â—w's 〈◊〉 p. ◠〈◊〉 of Lâ—â—don But the most dreadful fire that ever befell this great City was that which happen'd within our own memory viz. on Sunday Sept. 2. An. 1666. which beginning in Pudding-lane in three days time being driven by a fresh easterly wind consumed no less than 89 Churches the Guild-hall Hospitals Schools and Libraries 15 entire Wards of the 26 leaving 8 of the rest half burnt and miserably shatter'd In this compass were 400 streets and in them 13200 houses which cover'd no less than 436 acres of ground It destroying all on the Thames-side from that of Allhallows Barkin to the Temple Church and all along from the North-east walls of the City to Holburn-bridge and when all artificial helps fail'd it languish'd and went out of it self tho' amongst as combustible buildings as any it had burnt before In memory whereof near the place where the fire began is erected a magnificent Pillar somewhat resembling except the Imagery those of Trajan and Antonine at Rome of 202 foot high which equals exactly the distance of the Pillar from the place where the fire first began k In which Conflagration the magnificent Church of St. Pauls S Paâ—l's did not escape the foundation whereof was laid so very large that as our Author notes tho' the whole revenues of the Bishoprick for 20 years together were given toward it by Richard Beaumes successor to Mauricius the first founder yet they seemed so little to advance the work that his successors and all others despaired of its ever being finish'd at least by private hands Wherefore they were forced to apply themselves to the bounty of all good people throughout the Realms both of England and Ireland as appears by
an honourable series of Earls and Lords are descended From hence passing through Earls-Coln so call'd by reason of its being the burying place of the Earls of Oxford where Aubry de Vere 24 In the time of King Henry 1. founded a small Convent and took himself a religious habit it goes on to Colonia which Antoninus mentions and makes a different place from Colonia Camaloduni Whether this Colonia Colonia be deriv'd from the same word signifying a Colony or from the river Coln let Apollo determine k For my part I am more inclin'd to the latter opinion since I have seen several little towns that adding the name of Coln to that of their respective Lords are call'd Earls-Coln Wakes-Coln Coln-Engain Whites-Coln This city the Britains call'd Caer Colin the Saxons Coleceaster and we Colchester Colchester 'T is a beautiful populous and pleasant place extended on the brow of an hill from West to East surrounded with walls and adorn'd with 15 Parish-Churches besides that large Church which Eudo Sewer to Henry 1. built in honour of St. John This is now turn'd into a private house In the middle of the city stands a castle ready to fall with age Historians report it to have been built by Edward son to Aelfred when he repair'd Colchester which had suffer'd very much in the wars 25 And long after Maud the Empress gave it to Alberic Vere to assure him to her party But that this city flourish'd even more than ever in the time of the Romans abundance of their coins found every day fully evince l Though I have met with none ancienter than Gallienus the greatest part of them being those of the Tetrici Victorini Posthumus C. Carausius Helena mother to Constantine the Great Constantine and the succeeding Emperours The inhabitants glory that Fl. Julia Helena mother to Constantine the Great was born in this city daughter to King Coelus And in memory of the Cross which she found they bear for their arms a Cross enragled between four Crowns Of her and of this city thus sings Alexander Necham though with no very lucky vein Effulsit sydus vitae Colcestria lumen Septem Climatibus lux radiosa dedit Sydus erat Constantinus decus imperiale Serviit huic flexo poplite Roma potens A star of life in Colchester appear'd Whose glorious beams of light seven climats shar'd Illustrious Constantine the world's great Lord Whom prostrate Rome with awful fear ador'd The truth is she was a woman of a most holy life and of an unweary'd constancy in propagating the Christian Faith whence in old inscriptions she is often stiled PIISSIMA and VENERA-BILIS AUGUSTA Between this city where the Coln emptieth it self into the sea lyes the the little town of St. Osith the old name was * Cice by the Saxon Annals Chic Chic the present it receiv'd from the holy Virgin St. Osith S. Osithe who devoting her self entirely to God's service and being stabbed here by the Danish pyrates was by our ancestors esteem'd a Saint In memory of her Richard Bishop of London about the year 1120. built a Religious house and fill'd it with Canons Regular This is now the chief seat of the right honourable the Lords Darcy Barons Darcy of Chich. stiled Lords of Chich who were advanc'd to the dignity of Barons by Edward the sixth 26 When he created Sir Thomas Darcy his Councellor Vice-Chamberlain and Captain of the Guard Lord Darcy of Chich. m From hence is stretch'd out a vast shore as far as Nesse-point Nesse in Saxon Eadulphesness What was once found hereabouts let Ralph de Coggeshal tell you who wrote about 350 years ago In the time of King Richard on the sea-shore in a village call'd Edulfinesse were found two teeth of a Giant Giants of such a prodigious bigness that two hundred of such teeth as men ordinarily have now might be cut out of one of them These I saw at Cogshal and handled with great admiration Another I know not what Gigantick relique was found near this place in the beginning of Q. Elizabeth by the noble R. Candish I can't deny but there have been men of such extraordinary bulk and strength as to be accounted prodigies whom God as St. Austin tells us therefore produc'd in the world to show that comeliness of body and greatness of stature were therefore not to be esteem'd among the good things because they were common to the impious with the virtuous and religious Yet we may justly suspect what Suetonius hath observ'd that the vast joints and members of great beasts dugg up in other countries and in this kingdom too have been commonly term'd and reputed the bones of Giants Bones of Giants n From this point the shore runs back a little to the Stour's mouth famous for a sea-fight between the Saxons and Danes in the year 884. Here is now seated Harewich Harewiâ—â— a very safe harbour as the name imports for the Saxon Hare-Æ¿ic signifies as much as an haven or bay where an army may lye 27 The town is not great but well peopled fortified by art and nature and made more fencible by Queen Elizabeth The salt-water so creeketh about it that it almost insulateth it but thereby maketh the springs so brackish that there is a defect of fresh water whcih they fetch-some good way off o This is that Stour which parteth Essex and Suffolk and on this side runs by no memorable place only some fat pastures But not far from the spring of this river stands Bumsted which the family of the Helions held by Barony 28 From whom the Wentworths of Gosfield are descended And in those parts of this county which are opposite to Cambridgeshire lyes Barklow Barkl w. Old Baâ—rows famous for four great Barrows such as our ancestors us'd to raise to the memory of those Soldiers that were kill'd in battel and their bodies lost But when two others in the same place were dugg up and search'd we are told that they found three stone Coffins and abundance of pieces of bones in them The Country-people have a tradition that they were rais'd after a battel with the Danes And the †Wall-wort or Dwarf-elder that grows hereabouts in great plenty and bears red berries they call by no other name but Dane's-blood Danes-blood denoting the multitude of Danes that were there slain Lower among the fields that look pleasantly with Saffron is seated g Call'd formerly Walden-burg and afterwards Cheping-Walden Walden Waldâ—â— a market-town call'd thence Saffron-Walden 29 Incorporated by King Edward 6. with a Treasurer two Chamberlains and the Commonalty It was famous formerly for the castle of the Magnavils which now scarce appears at all and for an adjacent little Monastery 30 Founded in a place very commodious in the year 1136. Commonly call'd Maâ—dâ—villeâ— in which the Magnavils founders of it lye interr'd Jeffrey de Magnaville was
Ruffe A Râ—ffâ— and because the English by that word express the Latin Asperum De Râ—â—orum â—â—malium 〈◊〉 stâ—â—â— John Caius term'd it Aspredo For the body of it is all over rough 't is full of sharp finns loves sandy places and in shape and bigness is much like a Perch The colour of †Pâ—â—â—â—â—ma the back is a dark brown the * Pe◠〈◊〉 belly a palish yellow Along the jaws it is markt with a double semicircular line the upper half of the eye is a dark brown the under is yellowish like gold and the ball black 'T is particularly remarkable for a line drawn along the back like a cross thread ty'd to the body The tail and finns are all over spotted with black When 't is provok'd the sinns bristle up when quieted they lay flat and close It eats like a Perch and is particularly valu'd for its ‖ Fâ—â—â—â—â—tate tender shortness and wholesomness So soon as the Yare has pass'd Claxton where is a round Castle lately built by Sir Thomas Gawdy Kt. Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 13 It receiveth a brook which passeth by nothing memorable but Halles-hall and that only memorable for its ancient owner Sir James Hobart Attorney-General and of the Privy Council to King Henry the seventh by him dubb'd Knight at such time as he created Henry his son Prince of Wales who by building from the ground the fair Church at London being his Parish-Church St. Olave's bridge over Waveney that divideth Norfolk and Suffolk the Cawsey thereby and other works of piety deserv'd well of the Church his Country and the Common-weal and planted three houses out of his own issue out of the second whereof Sir Henry Hobart his great grandchild now likewise Attorney-General to King James is lineally descended and is now come just to the Sea it takes a turn to the South that it may descend more gently into the Sea by which means it makes a sort of little tongue or slip of Land washt on one side by it self on the other by the Sea In this slip upon an open shore I saw Yarmouth Yaâ—â—â—â—â— in Saxon Gar-muð and Jier-muð i.e. the mouth of the Garienis Gâ—râ—â—â—◠〈◊〉 a very neat harbour and town fortify'd both by the nature of the place and the contrivance of Art For though it be almost surrounded with water on the west with the river over which is a Draw-bridge and on other sides with the Sea except to the North where 't is joyn'd to the Continent yet is it fenc'd with strong stately walls which with the river figure it into an oblong quadrangle Besides the towers upon these there is a mole or mount to the East from whence the great Guns command the Sea scarce half a mile distant all round It has but one Church though very large and with a stately high spire built near the North-gate by Herbert Bishop of Norwich Below which the foundations of a noble Work design'd as an enlargement to this are rais'd above ground I dare not affirm that this was the old Gariononum where formerly the Stablesian Horse lay in garison against the Barbarians Nor yet the neighbouring little village Castor formerly the seat of Sir John Falstoff an eminent Knight 14 And now appertaining to the Pastans famous among the Inhabitants upon account of its antiquity though there is a report that the river Y are had another mouth just under it But as I am throughly convinc'd that the Garianonum Gâ—â—â—anâ—nâ—m was at Burgh-castle in Suffolk which is scarce two miles distant from the other side of the river so am I apt to think that Yarmouth rose out of its ruins and that that Castor was one of the Roman Castles plac'd also at a mouth of the river Y are now shut up For as the * Câ—â—â— North-west-wind plays the tyrant upon the coast of Holland over against this place e Of the nature of this wind Caurus and the injury it does all harbours that are expos'd to it see Somner's Pontus Iccius p. 53. and has stopt up the middle-mouth of the Rhine by heaping in Sands just so has the †Aquilo North-east plagu'd this coast and by sweeping up heaps of Sand seems to have stopt this Mouth Nor will it be any injury if I call this our Yarmouth so nearly joyn'd to the old Garianonum Garâ—anonum it self since the Garienis from whence it had the name has not chang'd its chanel and enters the Ocean below this town to which it hath also given its name For I cannot but own that this our Yarmouth is of later date For when that old Garianonum was gone to decay and there was none left to defend the shore Cerdick the warlike Saxon Câ—rdick the Sâ—â—on landed here from whence the place is call'd by the inhabitants at this day Cerdick-sand Cerdick-sand and by other Historians Cerdick-shore and when he had pester'd the Iceni with a troublesome war set sail from hence for the west where he settl'd the kingdom of the West-Saxons And not long after the Saxons instead of Garianonum built a new town in that moist watery field upon the west side of the river which they call'd Yarmouth But the situation of that proving unwholesom they march'd over to the other side of the river call'd then from the same Cerdick Cerdick-sand and there they built this new town wherein as Domesday-book has it there flourisht in the time of Edward the Confessor 70 Burgesses Afterwards about the year of our Lord 1340. the Citizens wall'd it round Gâ—â— Worceâ—ter and in a short time became so rich and powerful that they often engag'd their neighbours the Lestoffenses and the Portuenses so they call'd the inhabitants of the Cinque Ports in Sea-fights with great slaughter on both sides For they had a particular spight against them possibly upon this account because they were excluded out of the number and depriv'd of the Privileges of the Cinque-Ports which both the old Garianonum and their Ancestors under the Count of the Saxon-shore formerly enjoy'd But a stop was put to these extravagancies by the Royal Authority or as others think by the damp which that grievous plague brought upon them that in one year took 7000 Souls out of this little town as appears by an old Chronographical Table hung up in the Church which also gives an account of their wars with the Portuenses and the Lestoffenses From that time they grew low nor had they wealth sufficient to carry on their merchandise upon which they have betaken themselves mostly to the herring-trade for so they generally call them though the learned think them to be the Chalcides and the Leucomaenides a sort of fish that 's more plentiful upon this coast than any other part of the world Haleces For it seems incredible what a great and throng Fair is here at Michaelmas and what quantities of herring and other
of Crowland 1109. Abbot Joffred sent over to his manour of Cotenham nigh Cambridge Gislebert his fellow-Monk and Divinity-Professor with three other Monks who follow'd him into England well furnish'd with Philosophical Theorems and other primitive Sciences and daily repair'd to Cambridge there they hir'd a publick barn made open profession of their Sciences and in a little time drew a great number of scholars together In less than two years time their number increas'd so much from the country as well as town that there was never a House Barn or Church big enough to hold them all Upon which they dispers'd themselves in several parts of the town imitating the University of Orleans For soon in the morning Frier Odo an excellent Grammarian and Satyrick-Poet read Grammar to the boys and younger sort according to the Doctrine of Priscian and Remigius upon him At one of clock Terricus a subtile Sophister read Aristotle 's Logick to the elder sort according to Porphyry's and Averroe 's Introductions and Comments At three of clock Frier William read Lectures in Tully's Rhetorick and Quintilian's Flores and Gislebert the principal Master preach'd to the people upon all Sundays and Holy-days Thus from this small fountain we see large flowing streams making glad the City of God and enriching the whole kingdom by many Masters and Teachers coming out of Cambridge as from the holy Paradice c. Concerning the time when it was first made an University Robert of Remington shall speak for me †The learned Selden MSS. Notes has observ'd that in Pat. 52. Hen. 3. memb 25. it is call'd Universitas Scolarium In the reign of Edward 1. Grantbridge from a School was made an University like Oxford by the Court of Rome But why do I so inconsiderately run into the lists where two such learned old men have formerly encounter'd to whom I freely deliver up my arms and pay all the respect and honour I am able to such venerable persons Cambridge Meridian is 23 degr and 25 min. from the west g According to later computation about 52 degr and about 17 minutes and the Arch of the same Meridian between the Equator and Vertical point is 52 degr and 11 min. w 2 Cam from Cambridge continuing his course by Waterbeach an ancient seat of Nuns which Lady Mary S. Paul translated from thence to Denny somewhat higher but nothing healthfuller when in a low ground he hath spread a Mere associateth himself with the river Ouse Hard by Cambridge to the South-East are certain high hills by the Students call'd Gogmagog-hills Gogmagog Hills by Henry of Huntingdon the most pleasant hills of Balsham from a village at the foot of them where as he says the Danes committed all the Barbarities imaginable On the top of all I saw there a fort A Fort. of considerable bigness strengthned with a threefold trench and impregnable in those days according to the opinion of several judicious warriors were it not for its want of water and some believe it was a Summer retreat either of the Romans or the Danes This seems to be the place that Gervase of Tilbury calls Vandelbiria Below Cambridge says he Wandlesbury there was a place call'd Vandelbiria because the Vandals when they ruin'd some parts of Britain and cruelly destroy'd the Christians did there encamp themselves pitching their tents upon the top of a little hill where lyes a plain surrounded with trenches with only one entrance and that like a gate As for his Martial Ghosts walking here which he mentions I shall say nothing of them because it looks like a foolish idle story of the fantastick Mob It 's none of our business as one says to tickle mens ears with plausible stories x In a valley nigh these hills lyes Salston Salston which fell to Sir John Nevill Marquess of Mont-acute from the Burghs of Burgh-green by Walter de la Pole and the Ingalthorps and by his daughter the sole heiress to the Huddlestons who liv'd here in great credit More Eastward we meet with Hildersham belonging formerly to the Bustlers but now by marriage to the Parises and next to the Woods stands Horsheath Horsheath which is known for many Descents to belong to the ancient and noble families of the Argentons and Arlingtons which I g See in Suffolk under the title Halesworth and in Hertford shire under the title Wimondley mention'd in another place and is now the seat of the latter Next this lies Castle-camps Castle-camps the ancient seat of the Veres Earls of Oxford held by Hugh Vere says the old Inquisition records that he might be Chamberlain to the King However 't is most certain that Hen. 1. granted this Office to Aubry de Vere Cameraria Angliae Lord gâ—eat Chamberlain in these words Chief Chamberlain of England in fee and hereditarily with all the powers privileges and honours belonging thereto with as much freedom and worship as ever Robert Mallet held it c. However the Kings at their own pleasure have appointed sometimes one and sometimes another to execute this Office 3 The Earls of Oxford also that I may note it incidently by the heir of R Sandford held the manours of Fingrey and Wâ—lfelmeston by Serjeanty of Chambâ—rlainship to the Queens at the Coronation of their Kings Not far off there are the remains of those great and large Ditches which were undoubtedly thrown up by the East-Angles to prevent the incursions of the Mercians who frequently ruin'd all before them Flems-dyke and others The first begins at Hingeston and runs eastward by Hildersham towards Horsheath for 5 miles together The second next to it call'd Brent-Ditch runs from Melborne by Fulmer But 't is now time to return and leave these and the like frontier-fences to be spoke of in their proper places Sturbridge-Fair Nigh Cambridge to the east by a small brook call'd Sture yearly in September there is the most famous Fair kept in all the Kingdom both for resort of people and quantity of goods Just by it where the ways were exceeding troublesome and almost impassable that worthy right-honest Gentleman h i.e. Gabriel Hâ—rvy but the Causey was made by Henry Hâ—rvy Doctor of Law who was Master of Trinity-hall which Gabriel never was See Wood's Fasti of the 1. vol. of Athenae Oxen. under the year 1585. G. Hervy Doctor of Laws and Master of Trinity-Hall in Cambridge with vast charge out of a pious and laudable design has lately made a very fair rais'd Causey for about 3 miles long leading to New-market At the end of this Causey there is a third Ditch Ditches thrown up in old time beginning at the east side of the Cam which runs by Fenn-Ditton or rather Ditchton from the foremention'd Ditch between great Wilberham and Fulburn as far as Balsham At present it is commonly call'd Seven-mile-Dyke because it lies seven miles from New-market formerly call'd Fleam-Dyke Fleam-ditch as much
of Scotland is contain'd in less bounds being divided from England by the water of Tweed to Carhoom then by Keddon-burn Haddon-rigg Black-down-hill Morsla-hill Battinbuss-hill to the risings of the rivers Keal and Ted after by Kersop-burn Liderwater Esk to the Tod-holls the Marchdike to White-sack and Solloway-frith On the west it hath the Irish-Sea on the north the Deucaledonian and on the east the German Ocean On all which sides bordering upon the Sea it hath several Isles belonging to it From the Mule of Galloway in the south to Dungsbay-head in the east-point of Cathness in the north it is about 250 miles long and betwixt Buchan-ness on the east sea and Ardnamurchan-point on the west 150 miles broad The most southerly part of it about Whitern is 54 degrees 54 min. in Latitude and in Longitude 15 degrees 40 min. The northermost part the above-mentioned Dungsbay-head is 58 degrees 32 some say 30. min. in Latitude and 17 degrees 50 minutes in Longitude The longest day is about 18 hours and two minutes and the shortest night 5 hours and 45 minutes The air temperate It was not without reason that Caesar said Of Britain Coelum Gallico temperatius for even in Scotland the air is more mild and temperate than in the Continent under the same Climate by reason of the warm-vapours from the sea upon all sides and the continual breezes of the wind from thence the heat in Summer is no way scorching The constant winds purifie the air and keep it always in motion so that 't is seldom any Epidemick disease rages here Hills in Scotland The nature of the Country is hilly and mountainous there being but few plains and they of no great extent Those they have are generally by the sea-side and from thence the ground begins to rise sensibly the farther in the Country the higher so that the greatest hills are in the middle of the Kingdom These hills especially upon the skirts of the Country breed abundance of Cows which not only afford store of butter and cheese to the Inhabitants but likewise considerable profit by the vent of their hides and tallow and the great numbers that are sold in England when there is no Prohibition Their size as also that of their sheep is but small but the meat of both of an exceeding fine taste and very nourishing The High-Lands afford great Flocks of Goats with store of Deer and are clear'd from Wolves The whole Country has good store and variety of fowl both tame and wild The quality of the soil Quaity 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 compared in general with that of England is not near so good 'T is commonly more fit for pasture and for that purpose is very well watered Where the surface is leanest there are found Metals and Minerals and considerable quanties of Lead are exported yearly there is also good Copper but they will not be at the pains to work it But in much of the in-land Country especially where it lyeth upon some of the Friths the soil is very good and there all sorts of grain grows that is usual in the South parts of Britain The Wheat is frequently exported by Merchants to Spain Holland and Norwey Barley grows plentifully and their Oats are extreme good affording bread of a clean and wholesome nourishment In the Low-grounds they have store of Pease and Beans which for the strength of their feeding are much used by the Labouring people In the skirts of the Country which are not so fit for Grain these grow great woods of Timber to a vast bigness especially Firr-trees which are found to thrive best in stony grounds Springs of Mineral-waters which the people find useful in several diseases are common enough No Country is better provided with Fishes Besides flocks of smaller Whales the Porpess and the Meerswine frequently cast in great Whales of the Baleen or Whale-bone kind and of the Sperma Ceti kind are cast now and then upon several parts of the shore Besides the grain and other commodities already named the Merchants export alablaster linnen and woollen cloath freezes plaids plaiding stuff stockings malt and meal skins of Rabbets Hares c. fishes eggs oker marble coal and salt The Christian Religion was very early planted here Chrisâ—nity 〈◊〉 in Scoâ—land for Tertullian's words Britannorum inaccessa Romanis loca Christo verò subdita must be understood of the north part of the Island possessed by the Scots and separated by a wall from that part which was subject to the Romans The Religion of the Kingdom establisht by Law is that which is contain'd in the Confession of Faith authoriz'd in the first Parliament of King James 6. and defined in the 19th Article of the said Confession to be That which is contained in the written word of God For the promotion of Learning they have four Universities St. Andrews Glasgow Aberdeen Learnâ—â—â— in Scoâ—land and Edenburgh wherein are Professors of most of the Liberal Arts endowed with competent Salaries The Division of SCOTLAND ALL the Northern part of the Island of Britain was antiently inhabited by the Picts who were divided into two Nations the Dicalidonii and Vecturiones of whom I have spoken already out of Ammianus Marcellinus But when the Scots had gotten possession of this Tract it was shar'd into seven parts amongst seven Princes as we have it in a little antient Book Of the Division of Scotland in these words The first part contained Enegus and Maern The second Atheodl and Goverin The third Stradeern with Meneted The fourth was Forthever The fifth Mar with Buchen The sixth Muref and Ross The seventh Cathness which Mound a Mountain divides in the midst running along from the Western to the Eastern Sea After that the same Author reports from the Relation of Andrew Bishop of Cathness that the whole Kingdom was divided likewise into seven Territories The first from Fryth so termed by the Britains by the Romans Worid now Scottwade to the River Tae The second from Hilef as the Sea surrounds it to a Mountain in the north-North-east part of Sterling named Athran The third from Hilef to Dee The fourth from Dee to the River Spe. The fifth from Spe to the Mountain Brunalban The sixth Mures and Ross The seventh the Kingdom of Argathel as it were the border of the Scots who were so called from Gathelgas their Captain With respect to the 〈…〉 and. 〈…〉 andâ—â— manners and ways of living it is divided into the High-land-men and Low-land-men These are more civilized and use the language and habit of the English the other more rude and barbarous and use that of the Irish as I have already mentioned and shall discourse hereafter Out of this division I exclude the Borderers â—â—â—derers because they by the blessed and happy Union enjoying the Sun-shine of peace on every side are to be lookt upon as living in the very midst of the British Empire and begin being sufficiently tir'd with war to grow
V. M. Who this Apollo Grannus was and whence he had this denomination no one Antiquary to the best of my knowledge has ever yet told us But if I that am of the lowest form may give my sentiments I should say that Apollo Grannus amongst the Romans was the same as the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is having long locks For Isidore calleth the long hair of the Goths Granni But this may be lookt upon as foreign to my business Something lower near the Scottish Frith stands Edenborough â—â—â—â—boâ—â—â—gh called by the Irish-Scots Dun-Eaden that is Eaden Town which without doubt is the same that Ptolemy calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Castrum Alatum the winged Castle for Edenborough signifies certainly the same as Winged Castle Adain in the British denoting a Wing and Edenborough from a word compounded of the British and Saxon Tongue is nothing else but the Winged Borough From Wings therefore we are to derive its name which if you think good may be done either from those Squadrons of horse which are called Wings or else from those Wings which the Greek Architects call Pteromata that is as Vitruvius tells us two walls so rising up in height that they bear a resemblance of Wings For want of these a certain City of Cyprus was antiently as we read in the Geographers called Aptera that is Wingless But if any man hath a mind to believe it took its name from Ebrauk a Britain or from Heth a Pict he may for me I shall not be against it This City in regard of its more eminent situation the goodness of the air and fertility of the soil many of the Nobilities lofty Seats lying all round it its being water'd with excellent Springs and reaching from East to West a mile in length and half as much in breadth is justly counted the Metropolis of the whole Kingdom strongly walled adorned with publick and private buildings well peopled and frequented for the advantage of the Sea which the neighbouring Port at Leith affords And as it is honoured with the King's residence so is it the sacred repository of the Laws and chief tribunal of Justice For the high Court of Parliament is generally held here for the enacting or repealing of Laws as also the Session and the Courts of the King's Justice and of the Commissariat whereof I have already spoken are here settled On the East side joyning to Holy-Rood-Monastery stands the Palace Royal built by King David the first over which within a Park stored with game hangs a double-topt mountain called Arthur's Chair from Arthur the Britain On the West side there mounts up a rock to a mighty height steep and inaccessible on all sides but that which looks towards the City upon which a Castle stands so strongly fortified with a number of Towers that it is look'd upon as impregnable This the Britains called Castle Myned Agned the Scots the Maidens Castle and the Virgins Castle because the Princesses of the Blood-Royal of the Picts were here kept and the same may really be lookt upon as the Castrum Alatum or Winged Castle abovementioned How Edenborough by the vicissitudes of war has been subject sometimes to the Scots sometimes to the Saxons who inhabited this Eastern part of Scotland until it became wholly under the Scots Dominion in the year of our Lord 960. when the English Empire under the convulsions of the Danish Wars lay as it were expiring How likewise as it is in an old Book Of the Division of Scotland in the Library of the Right Honourable my Lord Burleigh late High-Treasurer of England In the Reign of Indulph Eden Town was * Vacuatum quitted and abandonned to the Scots to this present day and what different turns of fortune it felt afterwards the Historians relate from whom you are to be informed †In the mean time you may read See a fuller description of this place in the Additions if you please the ingenious Johnston's Verses in praise of Edenborough Monte sub acclivi Zephyri procurrit in auras Hinc Arx celsa illinc Regia clara nitet Inter utramque patet sublimibus ardua tectis Urbs armis animis clara frequensque viris Nobile Scotorum caput pars maxima regni Paenè etiam gentis integra Regna suae Rarae artes opes quod mens optaverit aut hic Invenias aut non Scotia tota dabit Compositum hic populum videas sanctumque senatum Sanctaque cum puro lumine jura Dei An quisquam Arctoi extremo in limite mundi Aut haec aut paria his cernere posse putet Dic Hospes postquam externas lustraveris urbes Haec cernens oculis credis an ipse tuis Beneath a Western hill's delightful brow The Castle hence and hence the Court we view The stately town presents it self between Renown'd for arms for courage and for men The kingdom's noblest part the lofty head Or the whole kingdom of the Scottish breed Wealth arts and all that anxious minds desire Or not in Scotland or you meet with here The people sober grave the Senate show The worship pure the faith divinely true In the last borders of the Northern coast What rival land an equal sight can boast These glories Trav'ler when at last you see Say if you don't mistrust your wondring eye And think it transport all and extasy A mile from hence lieth Leith Leith an excellent Haven upon the River Leith which when Monsieur Dessie had fortified with works to secure Edenborough by the conflux of people thither from a mean Village p It has in it several Manufactures it grew to a large Town Again when the French King Francis 2. had married Queen Mary of Scotland the French who then made themselves sure of Scotland and began now to gape after England in the year 1560 strengthned it with more fortifications But Q. Elizabeth of England upon the solicitation of the Scotch Nobility of the Puritan party effected by her wisdom and authority that both they retuâ—ned into France and these their fortifications were levell'd with the ground and Scotland ever since hath had little cause to fear the French e. In the mid'st of this Frith where it begins by degrees to contract it self there stood as Bede noteth the City Caer-Guidi Caer-Guidi which seems now to be Inch-Keith-Island Whether this be the Victoria mentioned by Ptolemy I will not now dispute though a man might be easily induced to believe that the Romans turn'd this Guith into Victoria as our Isle Guith or Wight into Victesis and Vecta Certainly since both these are broken from the shore there is the same reason for the name in both languages For Ninius informs us that Guith in the British Tongue signifies a breaking off or separation Upon the same Frith more inwardly lies Abercorne a famous Monastery in Bede's time which now by the favour of King James 6. gives the Title of Earl to James
Trepidus rapid but most famous for as glorious a victory as ever the Scots obtained when Edward 2. King of England was put to flight and forc'd to save himself in a Boat and for the routing of as fine an Army as ever England sent out before that by the valiant conduct of King Robert Brus. Insomuch that for a year or two the English did not in the least disturb the Scots Ptolemy seems somewhere about Sterling to place his Alauna Alauna which was either upon Alon a little River that hath its influx here into the Forth or at Alway a seat of the Ereskins hereditary Sheriffs of all the County without the Borough f 'T is now an Earldom in the Family of the Alexanders But I have not yet read of any one honoured with the title of Earl of Sterling d Additions to the DAMNII a CLYDSDALE Cydsdale called also the Sheriffdom of Lanrick from the town of Lanrick where the Sheriff keeps his courts is bounded on the South-East with the Stewartry of Annandale on the South with the Sheriffdom of Dumfrise on the South-west with that of Aire on the North-west with that of Ranfrew on the North with that of Dumbarton on the North-east with that of Sterling on the East with that of Linlithgow a little to the South-east with that of Mid-Lothian 'T is in length about 40 miles in breadth where broadest some 24. and where narrowest 16 miles The countrey abounds with Coal Peets and Lime-stone but what turns to the greatest account are the Lead-mines belonging to Hopton not far from which after rains the country people find pieces of gold some of which are of a considerable bigness I suppose 't is the same place our Author has mentioned upon this account It is divided into two Wards the Overward and Netherward this hilly and full of heaths and fit for pasturage the other plain and proper for grain It is watered with the pleasant River of Clide which gives name to the shire it rises at Errick-hill and running through the whole County glideth by many pleasant seats of the nobility and gentry and several considerable towns till it fall into its own Firth at Dumbarton The great ornament of these parts is the Palace of Hamilton Hamilton the residence of the Dutchess of Hamilton * Theatrum Scotiae the Court whereof is on all sides adorned with very noble buildings It has a magnificent Avenue and a Frontispiece towards the East of excellent workmanship On one hand of the Avenue is a hedge on the other fair large gardens well furnished with fruit-trees and flowers The Park famous for its tall oaks is six or seven miles round and has the Brook Aven running through it Near the Palace is the Church the Vault whereof is the buryal-place of the Dukes of Hamilton Upon the East bank of Clyde stands Glasgow Glasgow †Ibid. in respect of largeness buildings trade and wealth the chief City in the Kingdom next Edinburgh The river carries vessels of small burthen up to the very tower but New-Glasgow which stands on the mouth of Clyde is a haven for vessels of the largest size Most part of the City stands on a plain and is almost four-square In the very middle of it where is the Tolbooth a very stately building of hewn-stone four principal streets crossing each other divide the city as it were into four equal parts In the higher part of it stands the Cathedral Church commonly called St. Mungo's consisting indeed of two Churches one whereof is over the other The Architecture of the pillars and towers is said to be very exact and curious Near the Church is the Archbishop's Castle fenc'd with a wall of hewn stone but it s greatest ornament is the College separated from the rest of the town by an exceeding high wall the precincts whereof are enlarged with some Acres of ground lately purchased and the buildings repaired and adorned by the care and prudent administration of the Principal the Learned Doctor Fall Roman-Highway Nor does this tract want some remains of Roman Antiquity For from Errickstone in the one end to Mauls Mire in the other where it borders upon Reinfraw there are evident footsteps of a Roman Causey or military way called to this day the Watlin-street This in some parts is visible for whole miles together and the people have a tradition that another Roman Street went from Lanrick to the Roman Camp near Falkirk At Lismehago a town in this shire was a Priory and Convent of the Monks of the order Vallis Caulium a sort of Cistercians founded by Fergus Lord of Galloway a Cell of Kelso b RANFREW Ranfâ—ew or Reinfraw is the next branch of the Damnii and is separated from the shire of Dumbarton on the West by the River Clyde which carries up ships of great burden for 10 miles On the East 't is joyned to the shire of Lanrick and on the West and South to the Sheriffdom of Aire It is in length twenty miles and in breadth eight but where broadest thirteen That part which lyeth near Clyde is pleasant and fertil without mountains only has some small risings but that to the South South-west and West is more barren hilly and moorish Our Author has observ'd this tract to be full of Nobility and Gentry who almost keep up a constant relation by marriage one with another The convenience of the Frith of Clyde the Coast whereof is all along very safe to ride in has caused good improvements in these parts At the West end of a fair Bay stand Gumrock Gumrock town and castle where there is a good road and a harbour lately contrived and a village is now in building More inward stands Greenock Greenock a good road and well built town of best account on all this Coast 'T is the chief seat of the herring-fishing and the Royal Company of Fishers have built a house at it for the convenience of trade Near this is Crawfird-Dyke Crawfird-Dyke where good houses are in building and a little more to the South New-work New-work where the town of Glasgow hath built a new port and called it Port-Glasgow with a large publick house Here is the Custom-house for all this Coast and the town of Glasgow hath obliged the Merchants to load and unload here But Pasly Pasly for antient Grandeur is the most considerable The Abbey and Church with fair gardens and orchards and a little Park for Fallow-deer are all enclosed with a stone-wall about a mile in circuit The Monastery here was of the Order of the Cluniacenses founded by Walter the second great Steward of King Malcolm the fourth The Chancel of the Church standeth yet where lye buried Robert 2. and his mother At this town there is a large Roman Camp the Praetorium is at the West end on a rising ground upon the descent whereof the town of Pasly stands This Praetorium
little guilty of that humour who were so very troublesom to their neighbours that Antoninus Pius dispossess'd them of a great part of their territories for no other reason as Pausanias tells us in these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i.e. Antoninus Pius depriv'd the Brigantes in Britain of much of their lands because they began to make incursions into Genounia a Region under the Jurisdiction of the Romans I hope none will construe this as a reproach for my part I should be unlike my self should I now go to scandalize any private person much less a whole Nation Nor was this indeed any reproach in that warlike age when all right was in the longest sword Robberies says Caesar among the Germans are not in the least infamous so they be committed without the bounds of their respective Cities and this they tell you they practise with a design to exercise their youth and to keep them from sloth and laziness Upon such an account also the Paeones among the Greeks had that name from being †Percussores Strikers or Beaters as the Quadi among the Germans Reâ—â—e Reâ—â—â— and also the Chaldaeans had theirs from being ‖ Grassatores Robbers and Plunderers When Florianus del Campo a Spaniard out of a piece of vanity carried the Brigantes out of Spain into Ireland and from thence into Britain Some Copies call those in Ireland Birgantes without any manner of grounds but that he found the City Brigantia in Spain I am afraid he carried himself from the Truth For if it may not be allow'd that our Brigantes and those in Ireland had the same name upon the same account I had rather with my learned friend Mr. Thomas Savil conjecture that some of our Brigantes with others of the British nations retir'd into Ireland upon the coming over of the Romans Some for the sake of ease and quietness others to keep their eyes from being witnesses of the Roman insolence and others again because that liberty which Nature had given them and their younger years had enjoy'd they would not now quit in their old age However that the Emperour Claudius was the first of all the Romans who made an attempt upon our Brigantes and subjected them to the Roman yoke may be gathered from these verses of Seneca Ille Britannos Ultra noti littora Ponti caeruleos Scuta Brigantes dare Romulaeis colla catenis Jussit ipsum nova Romanae jura securis Tremere Oceanum 'T was he whose all-commanding yoke The farthest Britains gladly took Him the Brigantes in blue arms ador'd When the vast Ocean fear'd his power Restrain'd with Laws unknown before And trembling Neptune serv'd a Roman Lord. Yet I have always thought that they were not then conquer'd but rather surrender'd themselves to the Romans because what he has mention'd in a Poetical manner is not confirm'd by Historians For Tacitus tell us that then Oslerius having new conquests in his eye was drawn back by some mutinies among the Brigantes and that after he had put some few to the sword he easily quieted the rest At which time the Brigantes were govern'd by Cartismandua Caâ—tismandua a noble Lady who deliver'd up King Caratacus to the Romans This brought in wealth and that Luxury so that laying aside her husband Venutius See The Romans in Britain Tacitus she marry'd Vellocatus his armour-bearer and made him sharer with her in the government This villany was the overthrow of her House and gave rise to a bloody war The City stood up for the Husband and the Queen's lust and cruelty for the Adulterer She by craft and artifice got Venutius's brother and nearest relations cut off Venutius could no longer brook this infamy but call'd in succours by whose assistance partly and partly by the defection of the Brigantes he reduc'd Cartismandua to the utmost extremity The Garisons Wings and Cohorts with which the Romans furnisht her brought her off in several battels yet so that Venutius kept the Kingdom and left nothing but the War to the Romans who could not subdue the Brigantes before the time of Vespasian For then Petilius Cerealis came against this People with whom he fought several battels not without much bloodshed and either wasted or conquer'd a great part of the Brigantes But whereas Tacitus has told us that this Queen of the Brigantes deliver'd Caratacus prisoner to Claudius and that he made up a part of Claudius's triumph it is a manifest * Fault in Time 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in that excellent Author as Lipsius that great Master of ancient Learning has long ago observ'd For neither was Caratacus Prince of the Silures in that triumph of Claudius nor yet Caratacus son of Cunobelin for so the Fasti call the same person that Dio names Catacratus over whom Aulus Plautius if not the same year at least the very next after †Ovans triumphavit triumph'd by way of Ovation But these things I leave to the search of others tho' something I have said of them before In the time of Hadrian when as Aelius Spartianus has it the Britains THE WEST RIDING of YORKSHIRE by Rob t Morden could no longer be kept under the Roman yoke our Brigantes seem to have revolted amongst the rest and to have rais'd some very notable commotion Else why should Juvenal who was a Cotemporary say Dirue Maurorum attegias castra Brigantum Brigantick forts and Moorish booths pull down And afterwards in the time of Antoninus Pius they seem not to have been over submissive since that Emperour as we observ'd dispossess'd them of part of their territories for invading the Province of Genunia or Guinethia on Allie of the Romans If I thought I should escape the Censure of the Criticks who presuming upon their wit and niceness do now-a-days take a strange liberty methinks I could correct an error or two in Tacitus relating to the Brigantes One is in the 12th book of his Annals where he writes that Venutius the person we just now mention'd belong'd to the City of the Jugantes è civitate Jugantum I would read it Brigantum which also Tacitus himself in the third Book of his History seems to confirm The other is in the Life of Agricola Brigantes says he foeminâ Duce exurere Coloniam c. i.e. the Brigantes under the conduct of a woman began to set fire to the Colony Here if we will follow the truth we are to read Trinobantes for he speaks of Queen Boodicia who had nothing to do with the Brigantes whereas 't was she that stir'd up the Trinobantes to rebellion and burnt the Colony * Maldon Camalodunum This large Country of the Brigantes grows narrower and narrower and is cut in the middle like Italy with the Appennine by a continu'd ridge of Mountains that separate the Counties into which it is at present divided For undâ—r these Mountains towards the East and the German Ocean lay Yorkshire and the Bishoprick of Durham