seal_n to_o they_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v ingulphus_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o so_o strict_a a_o sense_n that_o there_o be_v no_o seal_n in_o use_n before_o the_o norman_a time_n but_o that_o deed_n or_o charter_n before_o be_v good_a or_o valid_a by_o bare_a cross_n and_o mark_n with_o subscription_n without_o seal_n but_o that_o the_o norman_n will_v allow_v none_o that_o have_v no_o seal_n to_o they_o and_o this_o upon_o due_a consideration_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o ingulphus_n and_o the_o same_o ms._n author_n commend_v the_o discretion_n of_o the_o saxon_a way_n of_o confirm_v charter_n above_o that_o of_o the_o norman_n a_o seal_n of_o wax_n be_v so_o apt_a to_o decay_v or_o to_o be_v lose_v or_o take_v off_o and_o he_o observe_v one_o particular_a custom_n of_o the_o norman_n that_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o put_v some_o of_o the_o hair_n of_o their_o head_n or_o beard_n into_o the_o wax_n of_o their_o seal_n i_o suppose_v rather_o 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erat_fw-la bellorum_fw-la although_o he_o exceed_v the_o bound_n of_o truth_n in_o the_o next_o word_n &_o in_o omnibus_fw-la bellis_fw-la victor_n extitit_fw-la he_o come_v off_o always_o conqueror_n if_o this_o have_v be_v true_a the_o saxon_n can_v never_o have_v keep_v foot_v in_o england_n i_o will_v allow_v the_o saxon_a annal_n to_o be_v partial_a in_o not_o recount_v their_o loss_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o suppose_v that_o the_o saxon_n shall_v be_v always_o beat_v and_o yet_o always_o get_v ground_n even_o in_o arthur_n day_n for_o after_o the_o great_a battle_n wherein_o nathanleod_n be_v kill_v the_o only_a british_a king_n mention_v in_o the_o saxon_a annal_n cerdic_n two_o nephew_n stuff_v and_o witgar_n land_v upon_o cerdicshore_o which_o 514._o matt._n westminster_n here_o place_n on_o the_o western_a coast_n and_o not_o on_o the_o eastern_a as_o camden_n do_v which_o seem_v more_o probable_a because_o they_o come_v with_o supply_n to_o cerdic_n their_o uncle_n but_o all_o agree_v that_o as_o they_o fight_v upon_o their_o land_n they_o have_v the_o better_a of_o the_o britain_n huntingdon_n say_v it_o be_v such_o a_o victory_n as_o lay_v open_v the_o country_n to_o they_o the_o force_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v scatter_v god_n have_v cast_v they_o off_o where_o be_v arthur_n at_o this_o time_n again_o five_o year_n after_o say_v ethelwerd_v cerdic_n and_o cenric_n come_v the_o second_o time_n to_o cerdicsford_n and_o there_o fight_v the_o britain_n the_o saxon_n annal_n say_v nothing_o of_o the_o victory_n but_o florentius_n give_v it_o to_o the_o saxon_n and_o so_o do_v huntingdon_n who_o say_v the_o britain_n have_v a_o terrible_a blow_n that_o day_n and_o as_o a_o evidence_n of_o the_o saxon_n conquest_n ethelwerd_n say_v that_o year_n cerdic_n begin_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n from_o that_o very_a day_n say_v huntingdon_n anno_fw-la dom._n 519._o here_o matt._n westminster_n be_v so_o hard_o put_v to_o it_o that_o take_v in_o king_n arthur_n at_o anno_fw-la dom._n 516._o he_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v out_o this_o battle_n and_o to_o tell_v geffrey_n story_n of_o king_n arthur_n beat_v the_o saxon_n in_o the_o north_n about_o york_n and_o lincoln_n and_o drive_v they_o as_o far_o as_o the_o caledonian_n wood_n and_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o kerdic_n set_v up_o a_o kingdom_n in_o the_o west_n but_o the_o follow_a year_n anno_fw-la dom._n 520._o he_o bring_v colgrin_n badulph_n and_o cheldric_n to_o totnes_n with_o new_a force_n with_o which_o they_o besiege_v bath_n and_o then_o arthur_n with_o his_o caliborn_n do_v incredible_a execution_n for_o he_o say_v he_o kill_v 840_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o so_o total_o rout_v the_o saxon_n and_o not_o a_o word_n of_o kerdic_n or_o kenric_n whereas_o anno_fw-la dom._n 528._o he_o remember_v they_o again_o and_o tell_v what_o a_o mighty_a army_n they_o have_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n which_o h._n huntingdon_n call_v witland_n and_o what_o slaughter_n they_o make_v at_o witgaresburgh_n which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o witgar_n one_o of_o kerdic_n nephew_n to_o who_o he_o give_v the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o witgar_n say_v huntingdon_n but_o before_o this_o there_o be_v another_o battle_n between_o kerdic_n and_o the_o britain_n at_o cerdic_n league_n which_o huntingdon_n make_v the_o same_o with_o cerdicsford_n in_o which_o there_o be_v great_a slaughter_n on_o both_o side_n and_o in_o that_o time_n he_o say_v many_o saxon_n come_v in_o out_o of_o germany_n into_o eastangle_n and_o mercia_n but_o they_o be_v not_o yet_o form_v into_o kingdom_n however_o innumerable_a battle_n be_v fight_v in_o many_o place_n by_o person_n who_o name_n be_v not_o record_v and_o now_o huntingdon_n mention_n arthur_n as_o a_o most_o valiant_a general_n on_o the_o british_a side_n who_o command_v in_o twelve_o battle_n in_o all_o which_o he_o have_v the_o better_a and_o so_o reckon_v they_o up_o in_o order_n just_a as_o 64._o nennius_n have_v do_v who_o he_o transcribe_v and_o when_o he_o have_v set_v down_o the_o place_n of_o the_o twelve_o battle_n he_o confess_v they_o be_v then_o unknown_a but_o he_o add_v that_o there_o be_v almost_o perpetual_a fight_v in_o which_o sometime_o one_o side_n have_v the_o better_a and_o sometime_o the_o other_o but_o still_o the_o saxon_n pour_v in_o great_a number_n upon_o they_o and_o 65._o nennius_n say_v they_o increase_v here_o without_o intermission_n and_o fetch_v new_a king_n out_o of_o germany_n to_o rule_v over_o they_o and_o then_o set_v down_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o northern_a saxon_a kingdom_n under_o ida_n 66._o who_o govern_v all_o beyond_o humber_n twelve_o year_n which_o be_v branch_v into_o two_o deira_n and_o bernicia_n this_o kingdom_n begin_v say_v huntingdon_n in_o the_o thirteen_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o kenric_n who_o succeed_v kerdic_n anno_fw-la dom._n 547._o and_o ida_n descend_v from_o woden_n be_v the_o first_o king_n kenric_n in_o his_o eighteen_o year_n say_v the_o same_o author_n fight_v against_o the_o britain_n who_o come_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n to_o salisbury_n where_o he_o disperse_v they_o and_o make_v they_o fly_v but_o this_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v happen_v after_o arthur_n death_n which_o be_v place_v by_o matt._n westminster_n and_o other_o anno_fw-la dom._n 542._o we_o must_v therefore_o look_v back_o to_o judge_v of_o arthur_n prowess_n we_o have_v already_o see_v several_a saxon_a kingdom_n establish_v that_o of_o kent_n of_o south-saxons_a of_o westsaxons_a and_o saxon_n in_o other_o part_n not_o yet_o gather_v into_o kingdom_n and_o beside_o these_o before_o kendic_n have_v gain_v the_o isle_n of_o wight_n h._n huntingdon_n say_v the_o kingdom_n of_o east_n saxon_n be_v found_v by_o erkinwin_n who_o slede_n succeed_v who_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o ermenerick_n king_n of_o kent_n sister_n of_o ethelbert_n and_o mother_n to_o sibert_n the_o first_o christian_a king_n there_o now_o if_o arthur_n be_v a_o king_n so_o powerful_a so_o irresistible_a as_o the_o british_a history_n make_v he_o how_o come_v all_o these_o kingdom_n to_o grow_v up_o under_o he_o why_o do_v he_o not_o send_v the_o saxon_n all_o out_o of_o britain_n nay_o how_o come_v cerdic_n and_o kenric_n to_o grow_v so_o strong_a in_o the_o western_a part_n as_o they_o do_v cerdic_n say_v 2._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n come_v hither_o eight_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o hengist_n anno_fw-la dom._n 495._o he_o be_v here_o 24_o year_n before_o he_o set_v up_o his_o kingdom_n and_o live_v in_o it_o 16_o year_n this_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o arthur_n fame_n and_o greatness_n if_o it_o be_v such_o as_o geffrey_n describe_v will_v he_o have_v suffer_v such_o a_o terror_n to_o the_o britain_n to_o have_v be_v so_o near_o he_o 6._o
daughter_n of_o cadwallader_n and_o than_o ina_n call_v a_o parliament_n for_o the_o intermarriage_n of_o britain_n and_o saxon_n so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o opinion_n among_o some_o that_o ina_n have_v the_o monarchy_n of_o britain_n which_o opinion_n be_v certain_o follow_v by_o the_o contriver_n of_o this_o charter_n but_o mr._n lambard_n confess_v that_o these_o passage_n be_v not_o in_o the_o ancient_a ms._n of_o king_n edward_n law_n and_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n they_o shall_v ever_o come_v into_o they_o be_v so_o destitute_a of_o any_o colour_n of_o authority_n and_o so_o remote_a from_o the_o design_n of_o his_o law_n as_o to_o these_o counterfeit_a charter_n the_o opinion_n of_o 103._o papebrochius_n seem_v most_o probable_a to_o i_o that_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n frame_v in_o the_o eleven_o century_n when_o there_o be_v ignorance_n enough_o to_o make_v they_o pass_v and_o occasion_n enough_o give_v to_o the_o monk_n to_o frame_v they_o for_o their_o own_o security_n against_o the_o encroachment_n of_o other_o upon_o their_o land_n and_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o bishop_n over_o their_o monastery_n and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v give_v such_o invidious_a privilege_n to_o battle_n abbey_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o his_o charter_n the_o elder_a monastery_n think_v much_o to_o be_v so_o far_o behind_o they_o and_o therefore_o make_v themselves_o as_o great_a privilege_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o saxon_a king_n from_o hence_o in_o the_o next_o age_n arise_v so_o many_o contest_v about_o jurisdiction_n between_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o several_a monastery_n of_o which_o we_o read_v not_o before_o as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v between_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n augustine_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n between_o the_o abbey_n of_o malmsbury_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n and_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n alban_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o lincoln_n and_o at_o that_o time_n those_o abbey_n be_v charge_v with_o forge_v their_o charter_n and_o when_o they_o be_v so_o charge_v be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v they_o as_o be_v remarkable_a in_o the_o case_n of_o saint_n augustine_n as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o 3._o william_n thorn_n a_o monk_n of_o that_o abbey_n he_o confess_v the_o archbishop_n charge_v their_o privilege_n with_o forgery_n and_o that_o the_o monk_n appeal_v to_o rome_n and_o that_o upon_o their_o appeal_n several_a commission_n be_v grant_v to_o examine_v they_o but_o by_o his_o own_o relation_n they_o shameful_o decline_v to_o produce_v they_o as_o long_o as_o they_o dare_v and_o still_o continue_v their_o appeal_n but_o when_o they_o see_v no_o remedy_n they_o produce_v the_o charter_n of_o ethelbert_n and_o augustine_n the_o copy_n whereof_o the_o delegate_n send_v to_o rome_n but_o before_o they_o come_v thither_o the_o pope_n die_v and_o the_o next_o pope_n lucius_n send_v a_o inhibition_n to_o the_o archbishop_n require_v he_o not_o to_o invade_v their_o privilege_n till_o the_o question_n of_o forgery_n be_v determine_v and_o he_o write_v to_o king_n henry_n ii_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o abbey_n thing_n be_v at_o this_o pass_n they_o fair_o make_v a_o composition_n with_o the_o archbishop_n viz._n that_o he_o shall_v withdraw_v his_o accusation_n of_o fraud_n in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n and_o they_o will_v yield_v up_o to_o he_o the_o main_a point_n contest_v as_o to_o jurisdiction_n the_o form_n of_o which_o composition_n be_v at_o large_a extant_a in_o thorn_n and_o the_o confirmation_n of_o it_o by_o henry_n ii_o in_o the_o other_o ms._n chronicon_fw-la of_o that_o abbey_n which_o in_o effect_n amount_v to_o the_o monk_n give_v up_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o charter_n such_o a_o controversy_n about_o jurisdiction_n there_o be_v between_o jocelin_n bishop_n of_o bath_n and_o wells_n and_o the_o abbey_n of_o glassenbury_n about_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1215._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o book_n call_v secretum_fw-la domini_fw-la abbatis_fw-la late_o in_o the_o arundel_n library_n but_o now_o in_o a_o private_a hand_n so_o that_o there_o appear_v a_o sufficient_a inducement_n for_o they_o to_o forge_v such_o large_a immunity_n and_o exemption_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o bishop_n jurisdiction_n as_o this_o charter_n contain_v and_o that_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o main_a point_n aim_v at_o in_o it_o but_o in_o order_n to_o it_o some_o extraordinary_a matter_n be_v to_o be_v allege_v in_o favour_n of_o this_o place_n and_o nothing_o serve_v so_o much_o in_o that_o age_n as_o to_o amuse_v the_o people_n with_o wonderful_a story_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o it_o call_v it_o the_o mother_n of_o religion_n and_o the_o place_n of_o vision_n and_o revelation_n and_o miracle_n where_o st._n patrick_n and_o st._n david_n dwell_v in_o former_a time_n before_o ever_o the_o saxon_n come_v but_o not_o a_o word_n yet_o of_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n which_o be_v very_o plausible_a pretence_n for_o extraordinary_a privilege_n and_o so_o they_o be_v allege_v in_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n ina_n ita_fw-la &_o ipsa_fw-la supereminentem_fw-la privilegii_fw-la obtineat_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la nec_fw-la ulli_fw-la omnino_fw-la hominum_fw-la ancillare_fw-la obsequium_fw-la faciat_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o word_n be_v speak_v of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n but_o according_a to_o the_o construction_n of_o that_o age_n to_o be_v under_o stoo_o of_o glassenbury_n abbey_n because_o the_o church_n be_v believe_v to_o be_v consecrate_v to_o she_o by_o our_o saviour_n himself_o but_o it_o seem_v strange_a that_o such_o a_o charter_n shall_v ever_o pass_v for_o authentic_a with_o any_o who_o compare_v the_o language_n of_o it_o with_o the_o history_n of_o king_n ina_n as_o it_o be_v deliver_v by_o the_o monkish_a historian_n for_o by_o they_o it_o appear_v what_o war_n he_o have_v with_o his_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o how_o far_o he_o be_v to_o the_o last_o from_o command_a king_n and_o prince_n and_o archbishop_n who_o kingdom_n be_v confine_v to_o the_o west_n and_o south_n saxon_n and_o have_v but_o one_o bishop_n in_o it_o till_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o daniel_n have_v one_o share_n and_o aldelm_v the_o other_o and_o some_o year_n after_o eadbertus_n be_v bishop_n of_o the_o south_n saxon_n so_o that_o he_o have_v but_o three_o bishop_n at_o the_o most_o and_o never_o a_o archbishop_n in_o his_o dominion_n how_o then_o can_v he_o call_v the_o several_a king_n archbishop_n and_o bishop_n together_o to_o pass_v this_o charter_n the_o like_a gross_a absurdity_n there_o be_v in_o the_o 146._o charter_n of_o evesham_n abbey_n wherein_o brightwaldus_n be_v say_v to_o draw_v it_o up_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o prince_n in_o england_n meet_v in_o council_n as_o the_o pope_n constantine_n explain_v it_o which_o be_v somewhat_o hard_a to_o believe_v concern_v that_o age_n wherein_o they_o be_v under_o no_o common_a head_n but_o continual_o fight_v with_o each_o other_o till_o the_o west_n saxon_n prevail_v and_o the_o case_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o evesham_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o glassenbury_n for_o 162._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n wonder_n how_o bede_n come_v to_o omit_v the_o foundation_n of_o it_o if_o it_o be_v so_o solemn_o declare_v at_o rome_n as_o the_o charter_n import_v when_o kenred_n and_o offa_n be_v both_o there_o which_o be_v mention_v by_o bede_n and_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v very_o strange_a that_o so_o diligent_a a_o writer_n especial_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o bede_n be_v shall_v say_v not_o a_o word_n either_o of_o glassenbury_n or_o evesham_n but_o he_o judicious_o impute_v the_o occasion_n of_o sound_v this_o monastery_n to_o some_o old_a church_n of_o the_o britain_n stand_v there_o in_o a_o desolate_a place_n which_o egwin_n than_o bishop_n of_o worcester_n take_v a_o great_a fancy_n to_o and_o so_o raise_v a_o monastery_n there_o but_o such_o a_o plain_a story_n as_o this_o will_v never_o do_v the_o monk_n business_n and_o therefore_o they_o must_v have_v a_o legend_n of_o egwin_n chain_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o vision_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n there_o and_o large_a immunity_n grant_v to_o the_o place_n on_o these_o account_n as_o they_o have_v full_o do_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o kenred_n and_o offa_n the_o bull_n of_o constantine_n and_o the_o privilege_n of_o egwin_n but_o yet_o this_o unlucky_a charge_n of_o pope_n constantine_n to_o brightwaldus_n to_o summon_v a_o council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n prince_n and_o bishop_n to_o confirm_v this_o charter_n at_o a_o time_n when_o there_o be_v so_o many_o kingdom_n not_o only_o divide_v but_o most_o common_o in_o actual_a war_n with_o each_o other_o make_v this_o whole_a charter_n appear_v to_o be_v a_o undoubted_a forgery_n of_o the_o monk_n to_o obtain_v great_a privilege_n to_o themselves_o but_o to_o return_v to_o
gaul_n so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v drive_v out_o by_o julian_n they_o quick_o return_v and_o fix_v their_o habitation_n by_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o salii_fw-la who_o be_v frank_n do_v in_o taxandria_n which_o be_v more_o within_o land_n and_o where_o as_o 8._o godfrey_n wendelin_n have_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v the_o salic_a law_n be_v first_o make_v which_o taxandria_n according_a to_o he_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o maes_n on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n by_o the_o tamera_n on_o the_o south_n and_o by_o the_o scheld_v on_o the_o west_n and_o here_o upon_o submission_n the_o frank_n be_v permit_v to_o live_v and_o this_o be_v thence_o forward_o call_v francia_n minor_n 11._o and_o he_o mention_n a_o place_n there_o still_o call_v vranrijck_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n but_o a_o very_a small_a one_o and_o other_o call_v seilberg_n the_o mountain_n of_o the_o salii_fw-la seelbendens_fw-la the_o salian_a meadow_n seleheim_fw-ge the_o house_n of_o the_o salii_fw-la 13._o but_o the_o other_o frank_n be_v by_o stilicho_n mean_n drive_v out_o of_o their_o possession_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n they_o come_v into_o the_o part_n about_o tongre_n near_o to_o taxandria_n and_o there_o join_v in_o one_o body_n and_o set_v up_o king_n among_o themselves_o as_o he_o show_v from_o gregorious_a turonensis_n and_o then_o they_o make_v that_o body_n of_o law_n call_v the_o salic_a law_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o saxon_n 1._o vbbo_n emmius_n a_o learned_a and_o judicious_a historian_n give_v this_o account_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n who_o inhabit_v on_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o germany_n the_o frisii_n dwell_v from_o the_o middle_a stream_n of_o the_o rhine_n about_o vtrecht_n to_o the_o river_n amasus_n eems_n from_o thence_o to_o the_o elb_n live_v the_o chauci_n divide_v into_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a by_o the_o weser_n a_o great_a part_n of_o these_o leave_v their_o native_a soil_n join_v with_o the_o sicambri_n on_o the_o rhine_n who_o from_o their_o affect_a liberty_n be_v call_v frank_n beyond_o the_o elb_n be_v the_o saxon_n and_o the_o cimbri_n these_o saxon_n be_v press_v by_o the_o more_o northern_a people_n or_o for_o their_o own_o conveniency_n come_v southwards_o and_o take_v possession_n first_o of_o those_o place_n where_o the_o chauci_n dwell_v and_o by_o degree_n prevail_v all_o the_o other_o people_n who_o join_v with_o or_o submit_v to_o the_o saxon_n be_v call_v by_o their_o name_n 3._o and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o frisii_n from_o who_o coast_n he_o suppose_v the_o two_o brother_n hengist_n and_o horsa_n to_o have_v go_v into_o britain_n and_o return_v thither_o carry_v over_o a_o far_o great_a number_n with_o they_o not_o so_o much_o to_o fight_v as_o to_o inhabit_v there_o he_o think_v it_o most_o probable_a that_o hengist_n and_o horsa_n by_o their_o descent_n be_v original_o saxon_n but_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n who_o go_v over_o with_o they_o be_v rather_o frisian_n than_o saxon_n which_o he_o prove_v not_o only_o from_o the_o great_a facility_n of_o passage_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o friesland_n and_o the_o testimony_n of_o their_o own_o annal_n but_o from_o the_o great_a agreement_n of_o the_o english_a language_n with_o they_o than_o with_o the_o saxon_a or_o any_o other_o german_a dialect_n and_o because_o 10._o bede_n reckon_v the_o frisian_n among_o those_o from_o who_o the_o english_a be_v derive_v and_o wilfrid_n wickbert_n willibrord_n preach_v to_o the_o frisian_n in_o their_o own_o tongue_n as_o he_o prove_v from_o marcellinus_n his_o life_n of_o suîdbert_n and_o procopius_n reckon_v the_o frisian_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o britain_n but_o he_o say_v far_a that_o the_o affinity_n of_o the_o language_n continue_v still_o so_o very_o great_a that_o from_o thence_o he_o conclude_v many_o more_o to_o have_v go_v out_o of_o friesland_n into_o britain_n than_o either_o of_o the_o saxon_n jute_n or_o angles_n but_o to_o all_o this_o our_o learned_a 400._o primate_n answer_v that_o hengist_n and_o horsa_n may_v be_v true_a frisian_n there_o be_v a_o frisia_n in_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o jutland_n which_o saxon_a grammaticus_n call_v the_o lesser_a frisia_n and_o be_v part_v by_o the_o eidore_n from_o the_o country_n of_o the_o angli_fw-la on_o the_o east_n and_o of_o the_o saxon_n on_o the_o south_n but_o whatever_o suffridus_n petrus_n or_o such_o author_n contend_v for_o as_o to_o hengist_n and_o horsa_n be_v original_o frisian_n vbbo_n emmius_n quit_v that_o point_n upon_o 15._o bede_n genealogy_n and_o grant_v they_o be_v saxon_n be_v the_o son_n of_o victgilsus_fw-la who_o father_n be_v vitta_fw-la the_o son_n of_o vecta_n who_o father_n be_v voden_a of_o who_o race_n the_o king_n of_o many_o province_n be_v descend_v it_o do_v not_o seem_v at_o all_o probable_a that_o these_o live_v in_o the_o lesser_a frisia_n which_o be_v hardly_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o any_o but_o by_o 14._o saxon_a grammaticus_n and_o daniae_n pontanus_n tell_v we_o be_v not_o above_o four_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n upon_o the_o seashore_n but_o suppose_v that_o saxon_a comprehend_v dithmar_n under_o it_o yet_o we_o have_v no_o certainty_n that_o the_o colony_n of_o frisian_n be_v remove_v thither_o before_o hengist_n and_o horsa_n come_v for_o britain_n and_o helmoldus_n seem_v to_o imply_v that_o it_o be_v bring_v thither_o by_o adolphus_n ii_o count_n of_o holstein_n about_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1137._o but_o the_o question_n be_v not_o concern_v hengist_n and_o horsa_n but_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o people_n which_o may_v be_v still_o of_o the_o great_a frisia_n for_o which_o the_o affinity_n of_o the_o language_n be_v a_o considerable_a argument_n which_o do_v not_o depend_v mere_o upon_o the_o credit_n of_o marcellinus_n his_o life_n of_o suîdbert_n but_o upon_o the_o probability_n of_o the_o thing_n for_o since_o several_a english_a go_v thither_o to_o preach_v and_o the_o affinity_n of_o the_o language_n continue_v so_o great_a still_o it_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n to_o prove_v either_o that_o the_o frisian_n come_v over_o hither_o or_o that_o the_o frisian_a and_o saxon_a language_n be_v then_o the_o same_o and_o 20._o procopius_n his_o testimony_n be_v not_o to_o be_v slight_v who_o place_n the_o frisian_n in_o britain_n for_o although_o he_o call_v it_o brettia_n it_o be_v certain_a he_o mean_v great_a britain_n because_o he_o place_v the_o angles_n together_o with_o the_o frisian_n in_o it_o so_o that_o he_o may_v as_o well_o question_v the_o angle_n as_o the_o frisian_n come_v hither_o if_o procopius_n his_o authority_n signify_v any_o thing_n i_o know_v that_o our_o most_o learned_a 419._o primate_n take_v this_o brettia_n for_o the_o island_n of_o the_o batavi_n because_o joh._n leidensis_n say_v that_o upon_o the_o saxon_n invasion_n some_o of_o the_o britain_n flee_v into_o holland_n and_o there_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o rhine_n build_v that_o famous_a castle_n call_v britton_n and_o subdue_v the_o people_n thereabouts_o but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v very_o improbable_a for_o any_o one_o that_o look_v into_o the_o description_n of_o it_o in_o etc._n scriverius_n his_o antiquitates_fw-la batavicae_fw-la will_v conclude_v it_o to_o have_v be_v a_o roman_a work_n which_o a_o person_n of_o his_o judgement_n can_v not_o but_o discern_v but_o he_o say_v it_o be_v possess_v then_o by_o the_o britain_n which_o depend_v whole_o on_o the_o credit_n of_o this_o joh._n gerbrandus_fw-la of_o leyden_n who_o be_v a_o late_a writer_n and_o of_o no_o great_a esteem_n with_o he_o as_o appear_v by_o many_o passage_n in_o his_o book_n but_o how_o come_v the_o angle_n to_o live_v here_o with_o the_o frisian_n and_o britain_n for_o that_o the_o same_o gerbrandus_fw-la be_v cite_v who_o say_v that_o when_o part_n of_o hengist_n be_v army_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o britain_n they_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o leyden_n and_o so_o we_o have_v the_o britain_n dwell_n there_o be_v drive_v out_o by_o the_o saxon_n and_o the_o saxon_n drive_v out_o by_o the_o britain_n only_a to_o make_v this_o to_o be_v the_o island_n brettia_n in_o procopius_n distinct_a from_o great_a britain_n but_o to_o proceed_v 3._o adamus_n bremensis_n who_o live_v near_o to_o jutland_n say_v that_o the_o saxon_n who_o go_v over_o into_o britain_n live_v near_o the_o rhine_n 111._o engelhusius_n late_o publish_v out_o of_o mss._n by_o maderus_n and_o who_o live_v in_o the_o low_a saxony_n say_v that_o hengist_n and_o horsa_n go_v out_o of_o westphalia_n from_o a_o place_n call_v enghere_o and_o instead_o of_o engerschen_n call_v themselves_o engelschen_n 15._o suffridus_n petrus_n say_v those_o people_n be_v call_v angrivarii_n and_o the_o country_n angria_n which_o be_v subdue_v by_o udolphus_fw-la father_n to_o hengist_n and_o horsa_n and_o prince_n of_o frisia_n but_o their_o mother_n
pict_n and_o the_o scot_n after_o they_o have_v beat_v they_o and_o then_o take_v occasion_n to_o quarrel_v with_o the_o britain_n only_a they_o still_o endeavour_v to_o keep_v vortigern_n firm_a to_o they_o to_o this_o purpose_n 37._o nennius_n tell_v the_o story_n of_o hengist_n fair_a daughter_n rovena_n and_o how_o vortigern_n be_v ensnare_v by_o she_o to_o the_o great_a dissatisfaction_n of_o the_o britain_n hector_n boethius_n say_v that_o vodinus_n bishop_n of_o london_n be_v kill_v by_o hengist_n for_o reprove_v vortigern_n for_o that_o marriage_n but_o we_o must_v not_o be_v too_o strict_a upon_o hector_n to_o put_v he_o to_o produce_v his_o voucher_n and_o the_o 1._o british_a history_n add_v that_o hengist_n be_v a_o subtle_a man_n insinuate_v still_o into_o vortigern_n that_o his_o own_o people_n do_v not_o love_v he_o and_o that_o they_o will_v depose_v he_o and_o set_v up_o aurelius_n ambrose_n and_o by_o such_o art_n they_o widen_v the_o distance_n between_o he_o and_o his_o people_n when_o they_o design_v nothing_o less_o than_o the_o destruction_n of_o both_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o what_o gildas_n and_o bede_n have_v leave_v that_o these_o heat_n soon_o break_v out_o into_o open_a flame_n to_o the_o ruin_n and_o desolation_n of_o the_o country_n but_o how_o the_o war_n begin_v and_o by_o what_o mean_v it_o be_v first_o manage_v on_o the_o british_a side_n be_v not_o so_o clear_a but_o 3â—_n nennius_n say_v that_o when_o vortigern_n be_v wickedness_n grow_v so_o great_a as_o to_o marry_v his_o own_o daughter_n he_o be_v condemn_v in_o solemn_a council_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n both_o clergy_n and_o laity_n and_o upon_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o noble_n he_o withdraw_v himself_o from_o affair_n to_o a_o private_a castle_n but_o the_o 2._o british_a history_n make_v it_o worse_o viz._n that_o the_o britain_n forsake_v he_o and_o set_v up_o his_o son_n vortimer_n who_o behave_v himself_o with_o great_a courage_n and_o resolution_n against_o the_o saxon_n and_o then_o reckon_v up_o four_o battle_n which_o he_o fight_v with_o they_o the_o first_o upon_o the_o derwent_n the_o second_o at_o episford_n or_o rather_o alesford_n the_o three_o upon_o the_o seashore_n when_o he_o drive_v they_o into_o their_o ship_n and_o so_o home_o but_o the_o four_o be_v not_o mention_v after_o which_o geffrey_n relate_v vortimer_n being_n poison_v by_o his_o mother-in-law_n and_o the_o restore_n of_o vortigern_n and_o his_o call_n for_o the_o saxon_n back_o again_o 45._o nennius_n speak_v of_o vortimer_n fight_v with_o hengist_n and_o horsus_n and_o add_v his_o success_n to_o have_v be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o have_v drive_v they_o into_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n and_o that_o there_o he_o besiege_v and_o beat_v and_o terrify_v they_o to_o that_o degree_n that_o they_o send_v into_o germany_n for_o fresh_a succour_n by_o which_o they_o be_v enable_v to_o manage_v the_o war_n with_o various_a success_n against_o the_o britain_n and_o then_o reckon_v up_o the_o three_o battle_n just_a as_o geffrey_n do_v only_o the_o last_o he_o say_v be_v upon_o the_o seashore_n juxta_fw-la lapidem_fw-la tituli_fw-la a_o little_a after_o which_o he_o say_v that_o vortimer_n die_v without_o any_o mention_n of_o poison_n but_o he_o say_v before_o his_o death_n he_o give_v command_v to_o have_v his_o body_n bury_v on_o the_o seashore_n where_o the_o saxon_n flee_v which_o be_v neglect_v and_o to_o which_o nennius_n impute_v their_o return_n after_o which_o they_o can_v never_o be_v drive_v out_o because_o as_o he_o say_v it_o be_v the_o divine_a pleasure_n more_o than_o their_o own_o valour_n which_o make_v they_o settle_v here_o and_o it_o be_v he_o that_o order_n and_o rule_v the_o nation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o who_o can_v resist_v his_o will_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o all_o this_o that_o nennius_n consult_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o nowhere_o use_v that_o freedom_n which_o gildas_n do_v in_o set_v forth_o the_o great_a sin_n among_o they_o which_o provoke_v god_n to_o punish_v they_o in_o so_o severe_a a_o manner_n the_o place_n where_o vortimer_n desire_v to_o be_v bury_v be_v call_v by_o nennius_n lapis_fw-la tituli_fw-la from_o whence_o 240._o camden_n and_o archbishop_n 413._o usher_n conceive_v it_o to_o be_v stonar_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n near_a richborrow_n but_o nennius_n say_v only_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o french_a sea_n from_o whence_o mr._n ms._n somner_n rather_o conclude_v it_o to_o be_v folkstone_n in_o kent_n because_o of_o its_o lofty_a situation_n whereas_o stonar_n lie_v in_o a_o low_a and_o flat_a level_n apt_a to_o inundation_n but_o than_o nennius_n must_v have_v mistake_v lapis_fw-la tituli_fw-la for_o lapis_n populi_n and_o i_o dare_v say_v nennius_n be_v guilty_a of_o great_a mistake_n than_o that_o but_o he_o far_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o ancient_a record_n the_o name_n be_v not_o stonar_n but_o estonar_n which_o signify_v the_o eastern_a border_n shore_n or_o coast._n 454._o matthew_z of_o westminster_n give_v this_o account_n of_o these_o proceed_n that_o the_o british_a nobility_n forsake_v vortigern_n set_v up_o vortimer_n who_o with_o their_o assistence_n pursue_v the_o saxon_n to_o derwent_n and_o there_o kill_v many_o of_o they_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v darent_fw-la in_o kent_n thence_o dartford_n as_o 233._o camden_n observe_v be_v the_o same_o with_o darenford_n but_o he_o make_v vortigern_n to_o have_v flee_v away_o with_o the_o saxon_a army_n and_o to_o have_v give_v they_o all_o the_o assistence_n he_o can_v and_o then_o say_v he_o vortimer_n begin_v to_o restore_v the_o britain_n possession_n to_o they_o and_o to_o rebuild_v their_o church_n and_o to_o show_v kindness_n to_o the_o churchman_n the_o next_o year_n he_o say_v the_o saxon_n fight_v again_o with_o the_o britain_n at_o ailesford_n and_o after_o a_o sharp_a fight_n the_o saxon_n flee_v and_o great_a multitude_n of_o they_o be_v slay_v not_o long_o after_o vortimer_n with_o his_o brother_n catigern_n and_o pascentius_n and_o the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o britain_n make_v war_n with_o the_o saxon_n and_o in_o battle_n catigern_n be_v kill_v by_o horsus_n and_o horsus_n by_o vortimer_n upon_o which_o the_o saxon_a army_n flee_v the_o next_o year_n he_o say_v hengist_n fight_v three_o battle_n with_o vortimer_n and_o at_o last_o he_o be_v force_v to_o go_v back_o into_o germany_n and_o four_o year_n after_o vortimer_n say_v he_o be_v poison_v anno_fw-la dom._n 460._o and_o bury_v in_o london_n and_o then_o vortigern_n recall_v the_o saxon_n 1._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n say_v that_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n agree_v for_o seven_o year_n after_o their_o land_n and_o then_o vortimer_n find_v their_o deceit_n incense_v his_o father_n and_o the_o britain_n against_o they_o and_o so_o for_o twenty_o year_n there_o be_v continual_a war_n and_o light_a skirmish_n and_o four_o pitch_a battle_n in_o the_o first_o he_o make_v their_o fortune_n equal_a horsa_n be_v kill_v on_o one_o side_n and_o catigis_fw-la on_o the_o other_o in_o the_o rest_n the_o saxon_n be_v always_o superior_a and_o vortimer_n dead_a a_o peace_n be_v make_v and_o so_o the_o britain_n affair_n go_v ill_a till_o ambrose_n recover_v they_o 2._o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n relate_v this_o story_n after_o a_o different_a manner_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o vortigern_n after_o the_o marriage_n of_o hengist_n daughter_n be_v so_o hate_v that_o he_o withdraw_v to_o the_o mountain_n and_o wood_n and_o that_o he_o and_o his_o castle_n be_v consume_v together_o after_o which_o ambrose_n aurelianus_n with_o vortigern_n two_o son_n vortimer_n and_o catiger_n fight_v the_o saxon_n and_o he_o make_v the_o first_o battle_n at_o ailestreu_n or_o elstree_n the_o next_o after_o vortimer_n death_n at_o creganford_n or_o crayford_n in_o which_o he_o say_v the_o britain_n be_v quite_o beat_v out_o of_o kent_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o begin_v the_o saxon_n kingdom_n of_o kent_n the_o next_o he_o say_v be_v at_o wippedsflede_n which_o be_v so_o terrible_a on_o both_o side_n that_o from_o thence_o he_o say_v that_o the_o saxon_n and_o britain_n do_v not_o disturb_v each_o other_o for_o a_o great_a while_n they_o remain_v within_o kent_n and_o the_o britain_n quarrel_v among_o themselves_o 455._o florentius_n wigorniensis_n therein_o differ_v from_o the_o rest_n that_o he_o make_v the_o battle_n at_o aegelsthrep_n to_o have_v be_v between_o vortigern_n and_o hengist_n but_o he_o say_v after_o the_o battle_n at_o creccanford_n the_o britain_n flee_v to_o london_n and_o leave_v kent_n to_o the_o saxon_n wherein_o he_o follow_v the_o saxon_a annal_n as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o two_o other_o battle_n that_o at_o wippedsfleot_n and_o that_o which_o he_o call_v the_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o britain_n
north_n against_o ambrose_n among_o the_o britain_n who_o be_v overcome_v by_o he_o and_o put_v to_o flight_n but_o afterward_o he_o hire_v a_o saxon_a to_o poison_n ambrose_n at_o winchester_n this_o say_v matthew_n westminster_n happen_v anno_fw-la dom._n 497._o but_o we_o be_v not_o to_o pass_v over_o what_o he_o affirm_v of_o he_o anno_fw-la dom._n 485._o viz._n that_o he_o command_v in_o the_o battle_n at_o mecredsburn_n against_o aella_n and_o his_o son_n in_o which_o they_o be_v so_o much_o worsted_n as_o to_o send_v home_o for_o supply_n as_o he_o say_v this_o aella_n and_o his_o son_n cyman_n plenting_a and_o cissa_n come_v into_o britain_n anno_fw-la dom._n 477._o and_o land_v at_o a_o place_n from_o his_o elder_a son_n call_v cymenshore_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o sussex_n 223._o camden_n say_v it_o have_v lose_v its_o name_n but_o he_o prove_v from_o a_o charter_n of_o cedwalla_n to_o the_o church_n of_o selsey_n it_o must_v be_v near_o wittering_n here_o aella_n and_o his_o army_n fight_v the_o britain_n at_o his_o first_o land_v and_o force_v they_o to_o retire_v to_o andredeswald_n say_v the_o saxon_a annal_n and_o matt._n westminster_n florentius_n and_o huntingdon_n the_o saxon_a annal_n and_o huntingdon_n call_v it_o andredesleage_v by_o that_o no_o question_n be_v mean_v the_o vast_a wood_n which_o begin_v in_o kent_n and_o run_v through_o sussex_n into_o hampshire_n call_v by_o the_o britain_n coid_a andr_v by_o the_o saxon_n andr_v and_o andreswald_n from_o whence_o as_o mr._n somner_n observe_v that_o part_n of_o kent_n where_o the_o wood_n stand_v be_v still_o call_v the_o weald_n and_o 211._o lambard_n observe_v that_o no_o monument_n of_o antiquity_n be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o weald_n either_o of_o kent_n or_o sussex_n the_o saxon_n after_o this_o battle_n continue_v to_o inhabit_v on_o the_o shore_n till_o at_o last_o the_o britain_n find_v they_o to_o encroach_v far_o resolve_v to_o fight_v they_o at_o a_o place_n call_v mecredsburn_n and_o a_o different_a account_n be_v give_v of_o the_o success_n of_o this_o battle_n the_o saxon_a annal_n and_o ethelwerd_v only_o mention_v it_o boast_v of_o no_o victory_n florentius_n make_v it_o a_o clear_a victory_n on_o the_o saxon_a side_n matt._n westminster_n say_v aella_n quit_v the_o field_n but_o confess_v the_o britain_n have_v great_a loss_n h._n of_o huntingdon_n say_v it_o be_v a_o draw_v battle_n both_o army_n have_v sustain_v great_a damage_n and_o avoid_v each_o other_o after_o this_o aella_n and_o cissa_n say_v the_o saxon_a annal_n besiege_v andredescester_n and_o kill_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n leave_v not_o one_o britain_n alive_a and_o so_o florentius_n and_o matt._n westminster_n relate_v it_o but_o he_o 492._o say_v that_o the_o britain_n come_v out_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o gall_v the_o saxon_n so_o much_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o divide_v their_o army_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n perish_v by_o famine_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o sword_n and_o he_o observe_v that_o the_o saxon_n utter_o demolish_v the_o city_n and_o the_o place_n where_o it_o stand_v be_v in_o his_o time_n show_v to_o traveller_n therefore_o the_o question_n among_o our_o antiquary_n which_o be_v the_o anderida_n of_o the_o ancient_n newenden_n or_o hastings_n or_o pemsey_n be_v quite_o out_o of_o door_n unless_o one_o of_o these_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v build_v in_o the_o place_n of_o anderida_n since_o matt._n westminster_n day_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o edw._n 3._o those_o word_n 247._o camden_n apply_v only_o to_o h._n of_o huntingdon_n and_o he_o say_v it_o be_v new_o build_v in_o edw._n 1._o his_o time_n and_o therefore_o call_v newenden_n but_o they_o be_v likewise_o matt._n westminster_n be_v who_o live_v after_o that_o time_n and_o therefore_o it_o can_v be_v newenden_n if_o it_o be_v rebuilt_a in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 1._o for_o he_o say_v the_o desolate_a place_n be_v show_v in_o his_o time_n unless_o one_o transcribe_v the_o other_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o own_o time_n after_o ambrose_n his_o death_n according_a to_o the_o 2._o british_a history_n his_o brother_n uther_n pendragon_n succeed_v who_o rout_v the_o saxon_n in_o the_o north_n relieve_v york_n besiege_v by_o they_o take_v the_o son_n of_o hengist_n prisoner_n march_v to_o london_n and_o there_o call_v a_o parliament_n and_o be_v solemn_o crown_v and_o fall_v out_o with_o goalois_n duke_n of_o cornwall_n about_o his_o wife_n igerna_n and_o under_o his_o shape_n have_v king_n arthur_n by_o she_o but_o her_o husband_n be_v kill_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o his_o castle_n after_o which_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o overcome_v the_o saxon_n at_o verulam_n where_o he_o be_v after_o poison_v by_o their_o mean_n and_o his_o son_n arthur_n succeed_v this_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o what_o be_v there_o more_o at_o large_a relate_v but_o take_v it_o all_o together_o it_o be_v a_o very_a blind_a and_o partial_a account_n of_o the_o proceed_n between_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n of_o that_o time_n for_o even_o matt._n westminster_n anno_fw-la dom._n 494_o take_v notice_n of_o cerdic_n and_o kenric_n his_o son_n land_v with_o new_a force_n at_o a_o place_n call_v from_o he_o cerdicshore_o near_a yarmouth_n say_v 348._o camden_n where_o the_o name_n cerdicsand_fw-mi still_o remain_v and_o fight_v the_o britain_n at_o their_o first_o land_v till_o they_o be_v force_v to_o withdraw_v and_o leave_v room_n for_o they_o who_o after_o go_v into_o the_o western_a part_n and_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n florentius_n ethelwerd_v and_o huntingdon_n seven_o year_n after_o he_o come_v port_n and_o his_o two_o son_n bleda_n and_o magla_n and_o arrive_v at_o portsmouth_n which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o he_o as_o the_o same_o author_n inform_v we_o from_o the_o saxon_a annal_n now_o how_o come_v geffrey_n to_o think_v of_o none_o of_o these_o but_o only_o of_o hengist_n two_o son_n in_o the_o north_n beside_o he_o let_v slip_v one_o of_o the_o great_a battle_n that_o be_v fight_v between_o cerdic_n and_o nathanleod_n and_o pretend_v to_o give_v no_o account_n at_o all_o of_o it_o this_o the_o saxon_a annal_n florentius_n ethelwerd_v and_o matt._n westminster_n all_o place_n anno_fw-la dom._n 508._o but_o huntingdon_n the_o sixti_v year_n after_o the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o saxon_n this_o nazaleod_n as_o he_o call_v he_o be_v the_o great_a king_n of_o the_o britain_n one_o of_o great_a fame_n and_o pride_n from_o who_o the_o country_n about_o charford_n do_v take_v its_o name_n at_o this_o place_n the_o whole_a force_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v gather_v together_o and_o cerdic_n procure_v assistence_n from_o aesc_n of_o kent_n from_o aella_n of_o sussex_n from_o port_n and_o his_o son_n so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o pitch_a battle_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o both_o side_n and_o nazaleod_n behave_v himself_o with_o so_o much_o courage_n that_o he_o drive_v cerdic_n out_o of_o the_o field_n and_o pursue_v he_o which_o his_o son_n who_o command_v the_o other_o wing_n perceive_v follow_v he_o close_o and_o cut_v he_o off_o and_o 5000_o of_o his_o man_n who_o flee_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o their_o king_n and_o from_o this_o memorable_a battle_n the_o place_n be_v call_v cerdicsford_n and_o since_o charford_n upon_o the_o aven_n between_o salisbury_n and_o ringwood_n but_o who_o be_v this_o mighty_a king_n of_o the_o britain_n who_o lose_v his_o life_n in_o this_o battle_n 187._o mr._n camden_n profess_v he_o can_v guess_v unless_o it_o be_v aurelius_n ambrose_n who_o name_n he_o observe_v the_o saxon_a annalist_n never_o mention_v nor_o the_o battle_n wherein_o they_o be_v worsted_n and_o the_o british_a history_n be_v even_o with_o they_o for_o that_o which_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o this_o great_a fight_n wherein_o their_o king_n be_v slay_v matt._n westminster_n will_v not_o have_v he_o to_o be_v king_n but_o only_o to_o be_v general_n under_o uther_n who_o be_v then_o sick_a which_o contradict_v ethelwerd_v and_o huntingdon_n and_o florentius_n who_o affirm_v he_o to_o have_v be_v then_o king_n and_o as_o huntingdon_n say_v rex_fw-la maximus_fw-la britannorum_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o imply_v that_o there_o be_v more_o king_n then_o among_o the_o britain_n as_o there_o be_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o that_o one_o be_v the_o chief_a as_o in_o the_o heptarchy_n archbishop_z 466._o usher_n think_v this_o king_n be_v the_o same_o who_o the_o british_a history_n call_v uther_n and_o that_o nathanleod_n be_v his_o true_a name_n and_o uther_n be_v a_o nickname_n to_o denote_v his_o fierceness_n as_o the_o annotatour_n on_o 63._o nennius_n call_v arthur_n mab_n uter_n in_o the_o british_a tongue_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o so_o arthurus_n in_o latin_a
make_v use_v of_o no_o other_o but_o where_o he_o follow_v hector_n own_o invention_n the_o remainder_n of_o his_o story_n be_v that_o thing_n be_v quiet_v here_o arthur_n go_v over_o into_o lesser_n britain_n and_o leave_v the_o government_n to_o his_o nephew_n mordred_n but_o while_o he_o be_v abroad_o some_o have_v prevail_v with_o he_o to_o declare_v constantine_n the_o son_n of_o cador_n his_o successor_n be_v bear_v in_o britain_n which_o be_v do_v mordred_n set_v up_o for_o himself_o and_o in_o a_o battle_n about_o humber_n say_v he_o mordred_n be_v kill_v and_o arthur_n mortal_o wound_v thus_o buchanan_n have_v pick_v what_o he_o think_v fit_a out_o of_o hector_n conclude_v with_o a_o bitter_a invective_n against_o the_o fabulous_a relation_n about_o arthur_n but_o he_o give_v he_o a_o extraordinary_a character_n say_v he_o be_v certain_o a_o great_a man_n of_o mighty_a courage_n and_o wonderful_a kindness_n to_o his_o country_n preserve_v they_o from_o slavery_n and_o keep_v up_o or_o restore_v the_o true_a religion_n and_o that_o be_v the_o subject_a i_o be_o now_o to_o consider_v viz._n the_o state_n of_o religion_n here_o in_o king_n arthur_n be_v day_n it_o be_v under_o great_a persecution_n almost_o wherever_o the_o saxon_n come_v who_o be_v cruel_a both_o to_o the_o body_n and_o soul_n of_o the_o poor_a britain_n most_o of_o the_o southern_a and_o western_a part_n be_v under_o their_o tyranny_n and_o 87._o brian_n twine_n quote_v a_o passage_n out_o of_o matt._n westminster_n which_o be_v not_o so_o full_a in_o the_o print_a copy_n concern_v the_o persecution_n of_o the_o british_a christian_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o land_n for_o say_v he_o anno_fw-la dom._n 527._o the_o pagan_n come_v out_o of_o germany_n and_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o country_n of_o the_o east-angle_n &_o omni_fw-la crudelitatis_fw-la genere_fw-la christianos_n affecerunt_fw-la they_o torment_v the_o christian_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o cruelty_n although_o this_o be_v want_v in_o other_o copy_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v reasonable_o presume_v the_o saxon_n use_v the_o british_a christian_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n in_o the_o most_o place_n where_o they_o prevail_v it_o be_v true_a that_o 2._o malmsbury_n say_v many_o of_o the_o britain_n submit_v to_o cerdic_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o be_v the_o better_o use_v for_o do_v so_o tho._n 1._o rudburn_n say_v that_o cerdic_n allow_v liberty_n of_o profess_v the_o christian_a religion_n to_o the_o cornish_a upon_o a_o certain_a tribute_n i_o rather_o think_v that_o cerdic_n never_o go_v so_o far_o but_o leave_v that_o part_n to_o the_o britain_n who_o still_o continue_v there_o for_o in_o gildas_n his_o time_n constantine_n be_v say_v to_o be_v king_n of_o the_o danmonii_n and_o 141._o camden_n observe_v out_o of_o marianus_n scotus_n that_o anno_fw-la dom._n 820._o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n have_v a_o terrible_a fight_n at_o camelford_n in_o cornwall_n which_o leland_n think_v to_o have_v be_v camlan_n where_o king_n arthur_n fight_v with_o mordred_n and_o near_o which_o be_v a_o stone_n say_v mr._n 122._o carew_n which_o bear_v arthur_n be_v name_n but_o now_o call_v atry_n to_o prove_v what_o i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o west-saxon_a kingdom_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o cornwall_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o 2._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n say_v that_o ceaulin_n granchild_n to_o cerdic_n be_v the_o first_o who_o take_v gloucester_n cicester_n and_o bath_n from_o the_o britain_n and_o drive_v they_o thence_o into_o the_o rocky_a and_o woody_n place_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o athelstan_n above_o 400_o year_n after_o the_o come_n of_o the_o saxon_n the_o cornish_a britain_n do_v inhabit_v in_o exeter_n 6._o and_o be_v drive_v thence_o by_o he_o beyond_o the_o river_n tamar_n and_o confine_v by_o that_o as_o the_o other_z britain_n be_v by_o the_o wye_n this_o show_v that_o the_o britain_n in_o cornwall_n and_o thereabouts_o be_v free_a from_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o west-saxon_a kingdom_n as_o to_o the_o northern_a britain_n 3._o they_o come_v to_o some_o agreement_n after_o a_o while_n with_o oeca_n and_o ebusa_n who_o hengist_n send_v thither_o and_o that_o they_o have_v their_o own_o government_n and_o the_o christian_a religion_n among_o they_o appear_v by_o the_o history_n of_o ceadwalla_n a_o prince_n of_o these_o britain_n in_o 20._o bede_n but_o these_o be_v but_o small_a remnant_n in_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a part_n as_o to_o the_o eastern_a we_o have_v have_v the_o testimony_n of_o matt._n westminster_n already_o and_o although_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-angle_n do_v not_o begin_v till_o afterward_o about_o anno_fw-la dom._n 575._o yet_o in_o the_o nine_o year_n of_o cerdic_n about_o anno_fw-la dom._n 517._o huntingdon_n observe_v that_o many_o angles_n or_o saxon_n be_v come_v out_o of_o germany_n and_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o country_n of_o the_o east-angle_n and_o mercia_n and_o wherever_o they_o prevail_v the_o poor_a british_a christian_n suffer_v to_o the_o high_a extremity_n which_o be_v enough_o to_o consider_v man_n to_o overthrow_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o suppose_a diploma_n of_o king_n arthur_n to_o the_o university_n of_o cambridge_n which_o bear_v date_n anno_fw-la dom._n 531._o but_o brian_n twine_n have_v bring_v no_o few_o than_o 15_o argument_n against_o it_o which_o be_v far_o more_o than_o need_v for_o i_o can_v think_v that_o dr._n cajus_n in_o earnest_n believe_v it_o for_o he_o go_v not_o about_o to_o prove_v the_o diploma_n but_o king_n arthur_n and_o i_o can_v think_v it_o any_o honour_n or_o service_n to_o so_o famous_a and_o ancient_a a_o university_n to_o produce_v any_o such_o sespected_a diplomata_fw-la or_o monkish_a legend_n to_o prove_v its_o antiquity_n it_o be_v not_o certain_a in_o who_o possession_n london_n be_v at_o that_o time_n from_o whence_o the_o charter_n be_v date_v for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-saxons_a be_v then_o set_v up_o by_o erkinwin_n and_o london_n common_o be_v under_o that_o and_o that_o kingdom_n as_o 6._o malmsbury_n observe_v have_v the_o same_o limit_n which_o the_o diocese_n of_o london_n now_o have_v viz._n essex_n middlesex_n and_o part_n of_o hartfordshire_n 586._o matt._n westminster_n agree_v that_o middlesex_n be_v under_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-saxons_a but_o he_o will_v not_o yield_v that_o theonus_n bishop_n of_o london_n do_v retire_v with_o his_o clergy_n into_o wales_n till_o anno_fw-la dom._n 586._o and_o then_o he_o confess_v that_o he_o and_o thadioc_n bishop_n of_o york_n when_o they_o see_v all_o their_o church_n demolish_v or_o turn_v into_o idol_n temple_n do_v for_o their_o security_n retire_v thither_o and_o there_o be_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n keep_v up_o even_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n arthur_n there_o flourish_v the_o school_n of_o literature_n set_v up_o by_o dubricius_n and_o iltutus_n and_o there_o be_v the_o person_n of_o great_a reputation_n for_o learning_n and_o sanctity_n in_o the_o british_a church_n such_o as_o dubricius_n iltutus_n paulinus_n gundleus_n cadocus_n samson_n paternus_n daniel_n and_o st._n david_n above_o the_o rest_n who_o reputation_n continue_v to_o this_o day_n and_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o saxon_a church_n of_o britain_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o breviary_n of_o salisbury_n where_o nine_o lesson_n be_v appoint_v upon_o his_o day_n and_o 263._o maihew_n observe_v that_o this_o be_v by_o a_o provincial_a constitution_n in_o the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n but_o the_o nine_o lesson_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o legend_n of_o his_o life_n a_o little_a be_v add_v at_o the_o end_n concern_v his_o death_n it_o be_v the_o just_a complaint_n of_o 5._o bollandus_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o extant_a concern_v he_o which_o be_v write_v near_o his_o own_o time_n and_o what_o be_v extant_a have_v many_o fabulous_a mixture_n so_o that_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n the_o old_a ms._n of_o his_o life_n he_o say_v be_v that_o of_o vtretcht_a which_o he_o have_v publish_v the_o next_o he_o account_v be_v that_o in_o colganus_n which_o he_o will_v have_v think_v to_o be_v the_o life_n write_v by_o ricemarchus_n quote_v by_o archbishop_n 844._o usher_n who_o he_o suppose_v to_o have_v live_v before_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la who_o transcribe_v much_o out_o of_o he_o but_o colganus_n withal_o intimate_v that_o the_o life_n be_v take_v out_o of_o a_o old_a book_n wherein_o augustin_n macraidin_n the_o author_n of_o the_o annal_n of_o ulster_n have_v write_v many_o thing_n and_o probable_o may_v write_v that_o too_o and_o to_o confirm_v this_o bollandus_n observe_v only_o a_o little_a difference_n in_o style_n between_o this_o and_o the_o vtretcht_a ms._n but_o if_o we_o add_v to_o these_o giraldus_n his_o life_n with_o that_o of_o john_n of_o tinmouth_n or_o capgrave_n we_o