Electorates Mayence Treves Cologn Bohemia Bavaria Saxony Brandenburgh and the Palatinate of the Rhine 5. One Arch-Duke the Duke of Austria 6. Two Great Dukes of Moscovy and Toscany The Prince of the first assumes the Title of Emperor and indeed it is a Dukedom on which depends thirty other Dutchies and three Kingdoms This Duke is absolute over his Subjects and is called by the general Name of Gran Czar 7. Six Sovereign Dukedoms besides those that are under the Empire Savoy Lorrain Mantua Modena Parma and Curland 8. Four Principalities that depend upon the Turks Transilvania Walachia Moldavia and the lesser Tartary 9. Seven Commonwealths the Seven Vnited Provinces Switzerland Venice Genoa Geneva Luca and Ragusa To which some add the Commonwealth of Marine in Italy Lastly A great number of Principalities and Imperial Free Towns enjoying a Soveraignty in their Territories but yet they acknowledg a Superior Power The Ecclesiastical Government of Europe in general is either Papal owning the Pope as Supream or Episcopal owning the King as Supream in all Cases and Archbishops and Bishops under him Or Superintendant which is a kind of Episcopal among the Lutherans but yet owning no Head of the Church on Earth neither Pope nor King nor Civil Magistrate There is also the Presbyterian or Synodical owning a Presbytery a Synod or Lay-Elders c. as Supream but no Bishops or Superintendants There are four Principal Languages reckon'd to be spoken in this Part of the World Tutonick Latin Greek and Sclavonian The Tutonick is of three sorts High Dutch in Germany Saxon in England and Scotland Danish in Denmark Sweden Norway and Ireland The Latin is corrupted into Italian French and Spanish The Greek had formerly four Dialects the Attick Ionick Dorick and Aeolick The Sclavonian Language runs through all Sclavonia Bohemia Poland and Moscovy and all the Turkish Empire in Europe There are also seven other Languages of less Note which are used in Europe The Albanian or Epirotick in Epirus and Macedonia The Cosack or Tartarian in part of Poland and Tartary The Hungarian or Bulgarian in Servia Bosnia Bulgaria and Hungary c. the Finick in Finmark and Lapland Irish in Ireland and Scotland The British is spoken in Wales Cornwal and in Britany in France Biscayn is spoken only in Biscany neer to the Cantabrian Ocean or Bay of Biscay ENGLAND SCOTLAND IRELAND by Robt. Morden Of the British Isles UNDER this Title are Comprehended several distinct and famous Islands the whole Dominion whereof now United is under the Command of the King of Great Britain c. Bounded on the North and West with the Hyperborean and Ducalidonean Ocean on the South divided from France with the English Channel on the East separated from Denmark and Belgia with the British by some call'd the German Ocean But on all sides environed with Turbulent Seas guarded with Dangerous Rocks and Sands defended with strong Forts and walled with a Potent and Royal Navy Of these Islands one is very large formerly called Albion now Great Britain comprehending two Kingdoms England and Scotland The other of lesser extent makes one Kingdom called Ireland The other smaller adjacent Isles are comprehended under one or other of these three Kingdoms according to the Situation and Congruity with them Many are the Changes and Alterations that these Islands have received in their Governments since their Original discovery they were first possessed by divers People independent one upon the other supposed to be the Britains descended from the Gauls for at the Entrance of the Romans the Island of Great Britain was divided into several Nations each Governed by its own King and particular Princes different in their Ends and Counsels and so the more easily subdued by the United Roman Force After the Romans the English Saxons were called in by the Britains to aid them against the Picts The Inhabitants of Scotland who after the common manner of forreign Auxiliaries soon seized the better Part for themselves and established Seven Kingdoms commonly called the Saxon Heptarchy Forcing the Britains the Ancient Proprietors to retire some into Britain in France from whence some think they first came but most of them into the Western and Mountainous Part called by the Saxons Walish Land now Wales where their Posterity still remains The State of England in the time of Ptolomy living in the Reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius about the year of Rome 892 and about 95 years since the Conquest thereof by the Emperour Claudius Caesar Also a Table of the Saxon Heptarchy Ancient Inhabitants Counties Names Ancient Names of the Towns. The present Names Saxon Heptarchy The Cantii of Kent Durovernum Rutupiae or Ritupis Canterbury Richborough vulgo Rochester Kingdom of Kent The Rhegni or Rhegini of Surry Sussex Naeomagus or Noviomagus Vindonis Woodcot-Hill near Wimbleton Wilchelsey Kingdom of the South Saxons The Iceni or Simeni of Norfolk Suffolk Cambridgshire and Huntingtonshire Venta Icenorum Villa Faustini Caster St. Edmondsbury Kingdom of the East Angles The Trinobantes or Trinoantes Middlesex Essex Hartfordshire Part Londinium Camudolanum or Camulodunum or Camalodunum London Maldon in Essex Kingdom of the East Saxons The Brigantes The Otalini or Otadenii York shire Cumberland Lancashire Durham Westmerland Northumberland Isurium Eboracum Olicana Camulodunum Epiacum Rhigodunum Vinovium Caturactonium Calatum Curia Bremenium Aldburrow York Inkley Almondbury Papcastle Riblechester Binchester Catarick in Richm. Wheallep Castle Corbridg Rochester The Kingdom of the Northumbers which was divided into two Kingdoms viz. Deira and Bernicia Catvellani or Catyeuchlani Coritani or Coritavi Dobuni or Dodunni Cornavii Part of the Silures Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire Part of Hartfordshire Lincolnshire Leicestershire Rutlandshire Northamptonshire Nottinghamshire Darbyshire Glocestershire Oxfordshire Cheshire Shropshire Staffordshire Worcestershire Warwickshire Herefordshire Salenae Lactodurum Verolamium Lindum Ragae or Ratis Bennaventa Corinium Deva or Devana Viroconium Brannogenium Manduessedum Ariconium Sanday Stonystratford Verulam Lincoln Leicester Wedon Cirenchester Westchester Wroxcester Worcester Manchester Kenchester The Kingdom of Mercia Dummonii Belgae Durotriges Atrebati Cornwall Devonshire Somersetshire Wiltshire Hantshire Dorsetshire Barkshire Uxela or Uzela Voliba Isca Augusta Aquae Calidae Venta Belgarum Dunium or Durnovaria Nalcaea or Caleva Lystwithiel Falmouth Exceter Bath Winchester Dorchester Wallingford The kingdom of the West Saxons After this the Danes broke in like a Violent flood upon the Northumbers and though often vanquished yet being as often victorious they at last seized on the Monarchy of England which was sometimes held by the Danes sometimes by the Saxons till William Duke of Normandy took it from Harold and established the Monarchy which hath ever since continued in a Succession of Seven and twenty Princes down to our Present Gracious Soveraign King James the Second Of ENGLAND ENGLAND by Roâ—â— Morden A Table containing the Counties or Shires their Titles Cities and Towns their Latitude computed distance and Measured distance from London The number of Market-Towns of Parliament-men of Parishes in each County and their ancient Name
1200 from Goloonda And that the greatest Raja on that side Ganges is of Velour whose Territories extend to Cape Cormorin and who succeeded to some part of the Estate of the Raja of Narsingue but in regard there is no Trade in his Country he is but little known to Strangers Thevenot tells us That the Usurpers were but three viz. of Viziapor of Bisnagar or Carnates formerly called Narsinga and Golconda Thus these Kings clashing together the Kings of Viziapor and Golconda warred upon the King of Bisuagar and seized upon several of his Towns so that he was constrained to flie into the Mountains and that his chief Town was Velour The Winter begins at Golconda in June with Rain and Thunder the Air was little cold at Night and in the Morning and in February the great Heats begin Vines are plentiful there and the Grapes are ripe in January They have two Crops a Year of Rice and many other Grains Some Relations make mention of the Naiques of Madure the Helura Ptol. Mundiris Arriano Modusa Plin. Tanaior and Gingi the Orthura Ptol. teste Baud. Orissa Castal of the Kingdom of Messur next to that of Madure but give us little of Remarque with Certainty Of the Peninsula Beyond GANGES A New Map of INDIA Beyond GANGES By R Morden THis Country in the elder Times was so Renowned for Wealth that one Tract of it had the Name of the Silver Region the other of the Golden Chersenese yet in truth the Country itself was but little known in the Times of the Ancients or the Interior part of it to us in these days Our latest Discoveries tell us 't is dismembred and subdivided into almost as many Kingdoms and Estates as Cities and Towns and into as many distinct Governments as there are Tribes and Nations amongst them the chief Cities of which are Pegu Triglipton or Trigliphon of Ptol. by Castal which was very considerable when it comprehended two Empires and 26 Kingdoms and then it was that Gold Silver Pearls and precious Stones were as common in the Court of Pegu as if the whole Orient had brought all its Riches thither But what its Revenues what its Government what its Forces and Riches now are I do not certainly find On the North of Pegu near Bengala is the City and Kingdom of Arachan now said to be subject to the Great Mogul Siriangh or Sirejang is a strong Fort on the mouth of the River given to the Portugals by the King of Arachan who at last were forced to yield it to the King of Ana by whom the Governor was cruelly Tortured on a Spit Sandiva is an Island about 30 Leagues in compass very fruitful once subdued by the Portugals but taken from them by the King of Arachan Anno 1608. 2. Siam of which our last Relation tells us That 't is a Country plentiful in Rice and Fruits The Forests of large Bamboo's are full of Rhinocero's Elephants Tygers Harts Apes and Serpents with two Heads but one has no motion The Rivers are very large and overflow the Banks when the Sun is in the Southern Tropick The Capital City is Siam the Sobanus or Cortacha of Ptol. about 3. Leagues in Circuit and walled the River running quite round it and in the Year 1665. fortified with very good Bulwarks by a Neapolitan Jesuit whose Port Town is Bancock six Leagues from the Sea. The Natives are all Slaves either to the King or the great Lords they have a great many Priests called Bonzes very ignorant yet greatly reverenced they hold the Transmigration of Souls into several Bodies and say That the God of the Christians and theirs were Brothers They have 33 Letters in their Alphabet and write from the Left to the Right contrary to the Custom of other Indians Their King is one of the richest Monarchs of the East and styles himself King of Heaven and Earth though Tributary to the Tartars as Conquerors of China He never shews himself in Publick above twice a Year but then in an extraordinary Magnificence He hath a great kindness for Elephants counts them his Favourites and the Ornaments of his Kingdom and styles himself King of the White Elephant for which there hath been great Wars between him and the Peguan King. Martaban said to be the Triglipton of Ptol. on the Gulph of Bengala once subject to Pegu now to Siam once a Kingdom now of a great Trade especially for Martabanes which are Vessels of Earth of a kind of Porcelain varnished with black and much esteemed in all the East 3. Malacca the Aurea Chersonesus of old in the Peninsula whereof are divers Kingdoms all which except Malacca are Tributary to that of Siam Tenasseri Juncalaon Quedda Pera and Malacca are on the Western part Ihor Puhang Patane Burdelong and Ligor are on the Eastern Coast Malacca the Tacola of Ptol. teste Alph. Adriano aliis Tacolais Juncalaon is the most famous being great rich and powerful An. 1511. the Portugals took it and kept it till 1641. when the Hollanders took it from them Among the Rarities of the Malacca or rather of the World is the Arbor Tristis which bears Flowers only after Sun-set and sheds them so soon as the Sun rises and this every Night in the year 4. Camboja Forte Pytindra or Pityndra of Ptol. on the River Mecon 60 Leagues up the River once one of the three prime Cities in this part of India The King thereof is or lately was Tributary to Siam whose Manners and Customs the People much resemble In the year 1644. four Holland Ships made into this River and got out notwithstanding all the opposition of the King of Camboja 5. Chiampa which communicates its Name to the Country said to be a distinct Kingdom It is seated near the Sea-side and of good Trade for the Wood called Lignum Aloes by some the Town is called Pulo Caceim Cochin China is said to be one of the best Kingdoms in all India it borders upon China of which it was once part and whose Manners Customs Government Religion and other Ceremonies they yet retain but their Language is that of Tonquin Among the Rarities of this Country is First The Inundation which in Autumn covers with its Waters almost all the Country making the Earth so fruitful that it brings forth its Increase twice or thrice a year Secondly Their Saroy Boura or matter wherewith the Swallows make their Nests which being steeped and moistned in Water serves for Sauce to all Meats communicating a variety of Taste as if composed of several Spices Thirdly Their Trees called Thins the Wood whereof remains uncorruptible whether in Water or Earth Sansoo is one of the greatest Cities of Chochin China and greatest Trade but now the Port failing it decays Haifo or Faifo is remarkable for its Forest of Orange and Pomgranate Trees Dinfoan is a good Port but of a difficult entrance Tachan is an Isle where the Fowls retire during the Heats Boutan is a good Haven Checo Kekio or Kecchio
formerly a famous City but swallowed up and shuffled into Ruins and Rubbish by an Earthquake which are very frequent in Japan Oudarro is a stately City adorned with a sumptuous Palace and lofty Spires The other chief Islands about Japan are Bungo Cikoko Saykok or Ximo all one Island but thus called by several Authors 2. Tonsa or Xicoco or Tokoese and Chiccock 3. Firando and Gotto with innumerable others Congoxuma is the first City where the Portugueses landed and got footing in Japan and was their Staple Nangesaque is the chief Staple and Residence of the Dutch in Japan first built by the Portugues This Lodge or Fortress lies on the small Island Disma and is the Magazine for all Indian Commodities and the best harbor for the reception of Merchant Vessels of any Port in Japan At this day the Hollanders pretend all Trade at Japan The extent of Jesso being Mountainous and abounding with costly Furs is yet unknown only that 't is a vast and wild Country full of Savage People cloathed with Skins of wild Beasts who can give no account further than they dwell Of the ISLES in the Indian Sea. SUch is the Infinity of these Isles that 't is impossible to give a just account of them I shall therefore only mention the most considerable And first of the Maldives The Maldives and Ceylon Ilands by Robt. Morden Of the Islands of the MALDIVES THE Maldives Islands situate under the Equinoctial Line derive their Name from the principal City called Male and Dive which signifies an Island They are reckoned to be about 12000 but that is supposed to be only by taking a certain Number for an uncertain They are dispersed from the North-West to the South-East into 13 Provinces which the Inhabitants call Attollons every one of which is fenc'd with a Bank of Sand but some of them are only Sand-hills or Rocks being all of them very little for Male the chief is but a League about They are divided by Arms of the Sea and environ'd with Rocks which renders the Access to them very difficult There are some Ports or Openings one opposite to another so plac'd that they give an Entrance into the four Attollons for the benefit of Trade otherwise the Currents would carry the Vessels above 7 or 800 Leagues beyond The Currents run six Months to the East and six to the West somtimes more somtimes less But the Sea being shallow the Winds outrageous and few Commodities to be had these Islands are not frequented by the Europeans The King of Maldives is called Rascan his Kingdom never is governed by the Female Sex and for his Revenue it consists in the misfortunes of others that is to say Wrecks at Sea. So that there is no trusting to the Maldives Pilots who will cast away a Ship on purpose that their King may have the Spoil On the other side the King himself uses to caress the Masters of Ships and to invite them to his Island to the end that dying of the Distemper of the Island which carries off Strangers in a short time he may be Heir to their Goods The Natives are little Olive coloured and Mahumetans They are subject to violent Fevers and Sickness by reason of the excessive heat They shave with cold Water catch Fish swimming and will dive to the bottom of the Sea to find a convenient place where to cast their Anchors They will fetch up out of the Sea with an incredible easiness an 100000 weight by the help of a Cable and some pieces of their Candon Wood. Their Coco's are very profitable to them for of those they make Wine Honey Sugar Milk and Butter They eat Almonds instead of Bread with all sorts of Food They put every Trade into a particular Island and to preserve their Wares from Vermin they build their Storehouses upon Piles in the Sea about an 100 paces from their Isles A Description of ZEILON alias CEYLON the Nangieris of Ptol. A New Map of CEYLON by Rob Morden THE Hollander is now Master of all the Sea-Coast the Inland Country is under the King of Candy and is divided into several Parts or Provinces which lie upon Hills fruitful and well-watered and are called in general Conde Uda This Inland Country of Conde Uda is strongly fortified by Nature the Entrances being up vast and high Mountains and the Ways so very narrow that but one Man can go a-breast and these Paths also are barricado'd up with Gates of Thorns and two or three Men to watch and examin all that come or go Candy or Conde by the Europeans Hingodagul-neure by the Inhabitants is the Chief or Metropolis of the whole Island bravely situated in the midst of it for all Conveniences but of late much decayed South of Candy 12 Miles distant lies Nellemby-neur where the King kept his Court when he left Candy Alent-neur is the place where the King was born and his Magazin for Corn and Salt. Badoula was burnt down in the time of War by the Portugals Digligy-neur is the place where the King now keeps his Court since the Rebellion Ann. 1664. its Situation is very Rocky and Mountainous being a place for Safety and Security Anurodgbarro is one of the ruinous Cities where they say 90 Kings have reigned distant from Candy 90 Miles Northwards Leawava affords Salt in abundance the Easterly Winds beating in the Sea and in the Westerly Wind which makes fair Weather it becomes Salt. Rece is the chiefest Flower of their Corn which is of several sorts some will be ripe in seven Months others in six five four and three but all requires water to grow in Their Seed-time is about July and August their Harvest about February Of Fruits there are great plenty and variety viz. the Betel Nut whose Leaves are 5 or 6 Foot long and have other lesser Leaves growing out of the sides of them some of these Nuts will make People drunk and giddy-headed and purge if eaten green There are also Jacks which are as big as a Peck-Loaf the out-side prickly like a Hedgehog and of a greenish colour the Seeds or Kernels do much resemble Chesnuts in colour and taste The Jombo is like an Apple full of Juice and pleasant to the Palat 't is white and delicately coloured with red as if painted There are also Murro's like Cherries sweet to the taste Dongs like Black Cherries Ambeloes like to Barbaries Carolla Cabella Cabela Paradigye like our Pears Here are also Coker-Nuts Plantines and Banara's of divers sorts sweet and sowre Oranges Limes Partaurings in taste like our Lemmons but much bigger Mangoes of several sorts Pine-Apples Sugar-Canes Water-Melons Pomgranats Grapes black and white Mirablins Codiews and several other There is also the Tallipot-Tree which bears no kind of Fruit until the last year of its life and then it comes out full of yellow Blossoms which smell very strong which come to a Fruit round and hard as big as our Cherries but not good to eat but the Leaf of
Title Counties or Shires Titles Cities and Towns. Latitude Com Dist Me. Dist M T. P. M Par. Con. Old Names  Bedfordshire E. Bedford 51 8 40 94 9 4 116 Bedfordia E. Barkshire  Reading 41 23 32 60 1â— 9 140 Readingum  Bâ—ckinghamsa D.M. Buckingham 52 00 44 40 15 4 185 Buckingamia  Cambridgshire E. Cambridg * 52 15 44 52 7 6 163 Camboritum    Ely B. C. 52 26 57 68    Eliâ— Â Cheshire C. P.  Chester B. C. 53 17 140 182 1â— 4 68 Deva D. Corâ—wal  Launceston 50 49 175 210 â—â— 44 161 Lanstaphadonia    Trâ—ro 50 27 211 263     D. Cumberland E. Carlile B. C. 54 59 229 â—01 16 6 58 Luguvallum  Dâ—â—byshire S. â—arby 52 58 98 1â—â— 12 4 106 Derbia E. Devonshire E. Exeter B. C. 50 4â— 140 172    Isca Damiâ—â—orum   Z. Plymouâ—â— 50 â—â— 184 â—1â— 4â— â—â— 35◠〈◊〉 E. Dorsetshire â— Dorchester â—â— 41 100 1â—3 â—â— â—â— â—â— Dâ—â—â—n  Dâ—â—ham  Darnam B. C. 54 49 20â— â—â— â— â— 6â— Dâ—â—lâ—â—n E. Essex V. C Colchester 51 â—â— 44 â—â— â—â— â— 415 Colonia    Chelmsford 51 47 25 â—â— Â Â Â Canoniâ—m  Glocestersâ— D. Glocester B.C. 51 54 â—3 1â—5 â—â— 8 180 Cleram  Hartfordshire  Hartford 51 49 20 21 1â— â— 1â—â— Hartfordâ— Â Â E. St. Albons 51 45 20 21    Verâ—lâ—miâ— Â Hampshire M. Winchester C. B. 51 3 54 67 20 26 24â— Venta Pâ—lâ—â—rum   ◠Southampton 50 5â— â—2 â—5    Clauâ—â—nâ—â—a  Herefordâ—hire V. C. Hereford B C. 51 8 102 130 8 8 176 Herefordia E. Hantingtoâ—â—â— E. Hentington 52 10 48 5â— 6 4 71 Hantingdonia E. Kent A. B. Canterbury C. â—â— 19 4â— â—7 28 â—0 â—â—â— Daroâ—ernam   E. Rochester B. 51 24 2â— â—â— Â Â Â Râ—fa  Lancashire C. P.  Lancaster â—4 27 187 2â—2 2â— 14 61 Longoâ—â—is   E. Manchester â—â— 35 1â—7 1â—â— Â Â Â Mancunium  Leicestershire E. Leicester 52 40 7â— 9â— 1â— 4 2â—0 Rhagae  Lincolnshire E. Lincoln 53 15 102 1â—â— â—1 12 631 Lindum E. Middlesex  London B. C. 51 31 0 0 5 8 73 Londinum    Westminster 51 â—0 1 1    Vestmonasteriâ—m D. Monmouth  Monmouth 51 52 100 127 7 3 156 Monumetia D. Norfolk  Norwich B. C. 52 42 90 108 34 12 625 Norâ—â—um   E. Yarmouth 52 44 100 122    Gariannâ—rum E. Northampton E. Peterborough BC 52 35 62 76 13 9 326 Petroburgum   F. Northampton 52 10 54 66    Antona Borealis D. Northandâ—â—and D M E Newcastle 55 1 212 276 11 8 40 Gabrosentum E. Nottingham E. Nottingham 52 59 96 112 9 8 168 Nottinghamia  Oxfordshire F. Oxford B. C. 51 46 47 59 12 10 208 Oxonium F. Rutland  Oâ—â—hâ—m 52 42 74 94 2 12 47 Uxocona  Shropshire F. Shrewsbury 52 46 124 157    Salopia    Ludlow 52 27 105 136 16 12 170 Ludloâ— D. Somersetshire E Bristol C. B. 51 28 94 115    Bristolium   E. Bath B. C. 51 23 87 96 34 18 385 Aâ—pâ—e Calidae E. Staffordshire F. Litchfield B.C. 52 45 94 118 19 9 1â—0 Lichfâ—ldia E.   Stafford 52 53 104 133    Staffordia  Suffolk V. C. Ipswich 52 10 60 68 30 15 464 Gippevicum E.   Bary 52 20 60 66    Villa Faâ—stini  Surâ—y F. Guilford 51 12 25 30 11 14 140 Neomagus   E. Kingston 50 23 10 12    Regiopolis E. Sussex E. Chichester B. C. 50 48 50 63 17 26 312 Cicestria  Warwickshire E. Warwick 52 20 67 90 15 6 158 Praesidium   E. Coventry B. C. 52 28 74 92    Conventria E. Westmorland  Kendal 54 23 203 258 8 â— 26 Concangium  Wâ—â—ashire E. Salisbury B. C. 51 3 70 8â— 21 34 804 Sorbiodunum    Wilton 51 4 73 86      Worcestershire M.E. Worcester B.C. 52 18 85 112 11 9 152 Bannogenium  Yorkshire D. York A B. C. 53 58 150 192 58 30 563 Eboracum   D. Richmond 54 24 185 40    Richmondia THE better Part of the best Island in the whole Earth anciently together with Scotland as was said before called Great Britain and sometimes Albion was by Egbert the 18th King of the West Saxon advanced to the Honour of an intire Monarchy who having with prosperous Arms subdued the principal Kingdoms of the Saxon Heptarchy stiled himself the first Monarch and commanded this South Part of Britain should be called Angle or Engle-lâ—nd from the Angles a people of the lower Saxons of whom he was descended by the French Angleterre by the Germans Englandt and by the Inhabitants England It is in length from Berwick in the North to the Isle of Wight in the South 375 Miles and from Dover in the East to the Lands-End in Cornwall in the West about 328 of the same Miles whereof 73 make a Degree In Compass about 1300 Miles in Shape Triangular and by computation contains about 30 Millions of Acres being about the Thousandth part of the Globe and the Three hundred thirty third Part of the habitable Earth England was in the time of the Romans divided into Britania Prima Britania Secunda and Maxima Caesariensis the first of these contained the South Part of England the second all the Western Part now called Wales and the third the Northern parts beyond Trent After the Britans had received the Christian Faith they divided the same into three Provinces or Archbishopricks viz. of London which contained that of Britania Prima of York which contained that of Maxima Caesariensis of Caerlion under which was Britania Secunda But afterwards the Saxons divided it into Seven Kingdoms as aforesaid At present England according to its Respect of Church and State is subject to a fourfold division First into two Provinces or Archbishopricks Canterbury and York and under these are 22 Bishops or Episcopal Diocesses of which Canterbury hath 21 therefore called the Primate and Metropolitan of all England and that of York three Then there are Deanries 60 Arch Deanries Prebendaries and other Dignities 544 with 9725 Parochial Benefices and Vicaridges besides of good Competency for the Encouragement of the Clergy who for ability of Learning are not to be parallel'd in the World. A Catalogue of the Archbishopricks and Bishopricks of England Wales with what Counties are under their Jurisdictions and the Number of Parishes and Impropriations that are in each Diocess Archbishopricks and Bishopricks Countries under each of their Jurisdictions Par. in Dioces Imp. Dioc Canterbury Hath Canterbury and part of Kent besides peculiar in the Diocess of Canterbury 257 140 57 14 York Hath
the Leuearum of Ant. Pembroke the chief Shire-Town seated on Milferd Haven so large and capacious that it may safely contain a 1000 sail of Ships over which it hath two fair Bridges a place of good strength fortified with a Wall and a strong Castle seated on a Rock St. Davids Menevia Fanum Davidis once a City of good account now only notable in that it is a Bishops See and a fair Cathedral Haverfordwest is the Town where the Assizes are kept Tenby is seated upon a Rock having a commodious Road for Ships Fishgard is the Abergwaine of the Welsh The Description of SCOTLAND SCOTIAE Nova Descriptiō per. Robert Morden SCOTLAND is separated from England by the Rivers Tweed and Solway and the Cheviot Hills The Ancient Inhabitants were the Britains divided by Ptolomy into many lesser Names by Dion and Xiphilinus into two only general viz. the Calidonii and Meatae Afterwards called the Picts towards the wain of the Roman Empire from their Paintings and for their better distinction from the civil and clothed Britains distinguished by Am. Marcellinus into the Picts Ducalidoniae and the Vecturiones The Scots a Colony of the bordering Irish intruding amongst and conquering the Picts or Britains all other Names worn out the whole are now accounted Scots The Length of Scotland I find set down by Heylin to be 480 Miles but the breadth in no place more than 60 Miles the truth of which will appear if you consider the Latitude of Solway-Frith near Carlisle the most Southern part of Scotland and Straitsby-head the most Northern you will find the greatest length can be but 260 English Miles and the breadth in the broadest place more than 160 Miles as you will easily see by the Map. Scotland according to its Situation may be divided by the River Tay into two parts viz. North and South commonly distinguished by the Names of Highland and Lowland The first was the Ancient Kingdom of the Scots The other the Old Habitation of the Picts The People of the former are by Nature and Disposition rude and uncivil The Inhabitants of the latter in Disposition Civility Language and Habit are much resembling the English and are thought to be Descended of the Saxons On the West part of Scotland are many Woods Mountains and Lakes Towards the East it is more Fruitful in Corn especially Barley and Oats Their Fruits are not very Excellent nor plentiful but they have abundance of Fish and Fowl not much Cattel nor big Their chief Commodities are Coarse Clothes Freezes Fish Lead Oar Feathers Allows Iron Salt-petre Linnen cloth Train-Oyl some Hides and Tallow The Kingdom of Scotland consists of the Nobility Gentry and Commons These with the Lords Spiritual Assemble together in Parliament when called by Writ from the King of Great Britain who by Reason of his Residence in England constituteth and appoints a Vice-Roy to Act under him at the said Session of Parliament called Lord Commissioner who at present is William Duke of Queensbury As to their Courts of Judicature they have several the Chief is the Session or Colledg of Justice consisting of a President fourteen Senators seven of the Clergy and as many of the Laisy whereunto is now added the Chancellor who is chief and four Lords of the Nobility besides as many Advocates and Clerks as the Senators see convenient These sit and administer Justice every day from nine to twelve except Sundays and Mondays from the first of November to Christmas-Eve and from the first of January to the last of February and from Trinity-Sunday to the first day of August But now by Act of Parliament the Summer-Sessions are taken away and instead thereof they are to be kept in March. This Court is of great state and order the Clerks write all the Material heads that are pleaded at the Bar. And after the parties are removed the Senators consider the Arguments and give sentence and the major part carries it Their final Sentence or Decrees determines all business there being no appeal only to the Parliament who may receive and repeal their decisive sentence The next supream Court is the Justice-Court where all Criminals are tried it consists of a Lord Justice General and of a Lord Justice Clark who is his assistant This Order was changed Anno 1669 and by Act of Parliament four Judges were appointed to sit in this Court with the Lord Justice General c. The Jury is made up of fifteen the major part determines the matter Besides this Court there are in every Shire or County Inferior Civil Judicatories or Courts kept wherein the Sheriff of the Shire or his Deputy decideth Controversies and Law-Suits but from these there are Appeals to the Sessions or Higher Court of Equity There are likewise Judicatories called Commissarials for Ecclesiastical Affairs The Shires of Scotland are viz. Edinburg Barwick Peeblis Selkirk Roxburg Dumfreis Wightown Air Renfrew Lanrick or Lanock Dumbritton or Dunbarton Boot Inner Ara Perth Striveling or Sterling Linlithgow Clackmanan Kinros Couper Fife Forfar Kinkardin Marrischals Aberdeen Bamf Errols Elgin Nairn Innerness Ross Cromarty Tayn Dornock Weik Orkney The Constabulary of Haddington The Stewartries of Strath-yern Monteith Annannaile Kirkubright The Baileries of Kyle Carriek Cunningham Scotland is also divided into several Counties or Parts Lothien Merch Teifidal or Tiviotdale Eskdale Easkdale Liddesdale Annandale Nithisdale Galloway Carrick Kyle Cunningham Clidesdale Lennox Striveling or Sterling Mentieth Fife Strathern Argile Lorn Cantire Arran Albany or Braid Albin Perth Athol Anguis Mernis Buquihan or Buchan Marr Marray Lochabyr Rosse Southerland Strathnavern Cathnes The Government whereof is divided into two Arch-Bishopricks Saint Andrews and Glasco under whom are several Suffragan Bishops It s chief places are 1. Edinburgh the Metropolitan City of this Kingdom Situate in a high and wholsome Air and a Fertil Soil consisting chiefly of one Street about a Mile in length out of which runs many smaller Lanes and Streets 'T is strongly begirt with a Wall and Fortified by a fair and strong Castle seated on the top of a Rock a place Adorned with many fair Edifices Dignified with the Courts of Judicature High Court of Parliament and a University 2. St. Andrews of Old Fanum Reguli hath a fair Prospect towards the Sea near the fall of the Ethan Fortified with a fair and strong Castle Dignified with an Archbishops See. 3. Glasco pleasantly seated on the River Cluyd over which it hath a fair Bridge A place of good Account Dignified with an Arch-Bishops See and a University Glasquum Script Scot. 4. Sterling a place of good strength and Fortified with a strong Castle Strivilingum vel Strevelinum seu Sterlinga 5. Dunbritton a place of great strength having the strongest Castle in all Scotland both by Nature and Art. Castrum Britonum 6. Falkland pleasantly seated for Hunting 7. Perth or St. Johns Town a place of good Account pleasantly seated at the Mouth of the River Tay between two Greens 8. Aberdeen
Midlefare Swinberg with several other good Towns four Royal Castles and 264 Villages besides Gentlemens Houses Alsen is a small Island belonging to the Dukedom of Sleswick whose chief place is the Castle of Sunderberg giving Name to a Branch of the Royal Family the Duke of Holstein Sunderberg Arroe or Aria is a small Island belonging also to the Duke of Sleswick Langland and Laland the first is the largest the other the most plentiful in Corn and Chesnuts whose chief place is Naskow a Town well Fortified Falster is a small Island fertile in Corn its chief place is Nicopin of a pleasant situation called the Naples of Denmark Mone Isle is about twelve Miles long and six broad the chief place is Stekoo where the Swedish Forces found a greater resistance than in any of the other Islands Huen or Ween is remarkable for the observations of that famous Astronomer Tycho Brahe The Island of Bornholm was granted to the Crown of Sweden by the late Treaty of Peace but since the Danes have exchanged it for an equivolent propriety of certain Lands in Schonen Cross we now over the Sound and take notice of the other part of this Kingdom which lies on the East Continent called Scandia under which general Name it contains the whole Kingdom of Norway the greater part of the Kingdom of Sweden and some part of Denmark That which belongs to Denmark is divided into three Provinces Haland Schonen and Bleking now under the King of Sweden by the Roschilt Treaty yet here mentioned because the places in the Map are more plainly seen than in the Map of Sweden Haland is a Province for fertility of Soil sweetness of Air store of Fish plenty of Lead and Brass Mines scarce inferior to any its chief places are Wansbourg Laholm Helmstat Falkenburg and Torkow Schonen is the pleasantest Country in all Denmark most abundant in fruits and shoals of Herrings its chief places are Lunden the Metropolitan Archbishoprick of Denmark with its famous Dial where the Year Month Week Day and Hour throughout the Year as also the Motions of the Sun and Moon through each Degree of the Zodiack the movable and fixed Feasts c. are distinctly seen being finely adorned and set forth in variety of delightful Colours Other places are Goburgam or Elsinberg Fortified with an impregnable Castle and one of the Forts defending the Sound over against Cronenburg Lanscroon Corona-Scaniae Malmogia or Elbogen Tillburg Vdsted Walleburg Simmers-haven and Christiernstadt or Christiern-dorp Bleking is Mountainous and barren its chiefest places are Christianâ—ple Ahuys Selborg Ellholm Rotenby and Carels-haven often mentioned in the late Wars It hath been an Hereditary Kingdom ever since the year 1660 for before it was Elective so the Nobility do not enjoy those Priviledges which they did before The King stiles himself Earl of Oldenburg and Delmenherst as being the Eighth King of that House to which the Crown of Denmark fell in the year 1448 by the Election of Christiern the first and is to this day in their possession The opinion of Luther hath been entertained in Denmark ever since the Reign of Frederick the First who was Elected Anno 1523 so that there are two Archbishops and thirteen Bishops for Denmark The Forces of this Kingdom may be known by their former and now late Undertakings against the Swedes by which it appears that they can raise a strong power at Sea and make good Levies at Land for defence of their own Dominions The Revenue of this King consists chiefly in the great Impost laid upon all Ships which pass through the Sound which is the Key of the Baltick also in some Crown-Lands a great yearly Toll made of the Cattel as also of the Fish transported into other Countries The Danes are generally of good Stature clear of Complexion and healthful crafty and provident in their affairs peremptory in their assertions and opinionated of their Actions Religious Just in their Words and Contracts good Soldiers both at Sea and Land. The Women are fair discreet and courteous fruitful of Children The Danish Ladies love hunting and more freely entertain at their Tables than in their Beds those that come to visit them For great Captains and men of War it is famous for Godfrey or Gotricus who endangered the Empire of France for Sweno and Canutus the Conquerours of England For men of Learning Tycho Brahe the Prince of Astronomers Hemingius a Learned Divine Bertholinus a Physician and Philosopher John Cleverius the Historian and Geographer Of the KINGDOM of NORWAY NOrvegia Lat. Nerigos Plin. Norway Angl. contains the Western part of the Peninsula of Scandinavia the Eastern part being part of Swedeland A long ridg of Mountains making the separation leaving Norway toward the Ocean and Swedeland toward the Baltick Sea. From hence are transported Train-Oyl Pitch Stock-fish Masts for Ships Deal-boards The Coast of Norway though of a large extent has few good Ports by reason of the small Islands and Rocks that inviron it and the Gulf of Maelstroom which swallows and endangers all the Ships that come nigh it Herbinius tells us that this Northern Charybdis or Vorago by the Inhabitants Moskestroom is forty miles in extent Kircher saith 't is thirteen miles in Circumference that it hath a motion ascending and descending six Hours by sucking in waters and as many throwing them forth again That part which lyes toward the Pole is full of Forests and Mountains wherein there are some few Mines of Copper and Iron In the year 1646 was discovered near Opslow or Anslo a Mine of very good Gold which gave the Inhabitants occasion to say that they had got the Northern Indies But that Boast endured no longer than the Mine which presently vanished for fear of being riâ—ed Opslo Ansloye Galis the Ansloga of old it was burnt down in the time of Christiern the Fourth King of Denmark and since called Christiana 't is a Bishops See. Aggerhad is a Castle near to it full North from Seagen the most Northern point of Jutland Stafanger is a Sea-Town with a good Port near which is the Fort Doeswick There is the Herb Ossifraga of Norway which sna s the bones of Cattel that tread upon it East of Drontheim lies the Country of Jemperland formerly part of Norway but was by the Treaty of Bromsbroo Anno 1645 yielded to the Swedes to whom it is still subject This Kingdom has five Governments with as many Castles Bahus Aggerhus Berghen-hus Dronthem-hus and Ward-hus That of Bahus with a Castle of the same name upon a Rock was delivered to the Swedes by the Treaty of Roschilt Berghen is the better City the Seat of the Vice-Roy with a new Fort called Fredericksburg and a Port into which Vessels have an easier entrance and where they are safe from the Winds by reason of the high Mountains which inviron it the Merchants of the Hans-Towns have there a House and a Magazine Dronthem in Latin Nidrosia the Court of the ancient Kings of
resides Charlsstat is a strong Fort built by the Swedes near the mouth of the River Weser This Country with the Principality of Ferden in Westphalia now belongs to the Swedes by the Treaty of Munster Of Lawenburg THIS Dutchy gives Name to the Princes of Saxon Lawenburg who are Branches of the same House with the Princes of Anhalt It s chief place is Lawenburg or Laubenburg upon the Elb a fine Town but the Castle is ruined and the Duke lives at Ratzeburg though he hath nothing there but the Castle the Town belonging as was said to the Duke of Mecklenburg Of Magdeburg Ditio Magdeburgensis THIS Diocess lies extended on both sides of the Elb betwixt Brandenburg and the proper Saxony The chief Town is Magdenburg Magdenburg incolis Magdburg al. Magdeburg antiquis monumentis Pathenopolis Mesuium Ptol. testis Appiano A Burgraveship of the Empire and Arch-Bishops See giving name to the Country Reedified by Editha Wise unto the Emperor Henry the First and Daughter to Edmund King of England and thus named in Honour of her Sex. Her Effigies in stone is in the Cathedral Church with 19 Tuns of Gold which she gave thereunto though others say it was from the Worship of the Virgin Diana A place of great state large and fair and strongly fortified once the Metropolitan City of Germany famous in the Protestant Wars for a whole years years Siege against the Emperor Charles the Fifth But sacked and burnt by Tilly and 36000 persons put to the Sword and destroyed 1631. and the Town almost ruined 'T was also famous for the first Turnament which was in Germany which was performed here in the year 637. by the Emperor Henry Sirnamed the Fowler These are the chief parts of the Lower Saxony and contain the ninth Circle of the Empire Of BOHEMIA BOiemum Tac. Beiohemum Paterc Bomi Ptol. Boheim Germ. Boheme Galliâ— Boemia Hispanis Bohemia Italis Czeskazem incolis teste Brieto This Kingdom is environed about with Mountains and Forests as it were with Fortifications The Air sharp and piercing the Country rough and hilly rich in Minerals and yielding sufficient plenty of Corn and other necessary Provisions Wine excepted First inhabited by some of the Germans who were dispossessed by the Boii who gave Name unto the Country The Boii were routed by the Marcomanni a people of Germany And these were also ejected by the Sclaves under Zechus Brother unto Lechus the Founder of the Polish Monarchy about the year 649. called in their own Country-language Czechi but named from the Country they seized upon Boiohaemi upon their first arrival This people were Governed by Dukes until about the year 1086. when Vratislaus or Vladislaus was created the first King of Bohemia in a Diet at Mentz by the Emperor Henry the Fourth about the year 1199. Power was given to the States to chuse their Princes before being Elected by the Grace of the Emperors since which time the Kingdom continued Elective though most commonly enjoyed by the next of blood until the Royal Line being extinct the Kingdom was devolved upon the House of Austria Chief Places are Praga Italis Prag incolis Prague Gallis Marobudum Ptol. teste Sans Briet the Capital and Royal City of the Kingdom of Bohemia seated upon the River Muldaw by the Bohemians Vltave it consisteth of three Towns the Old the New and the Lesser 'T is an Arch-Bishoprick and University where in the year 1409. were reckoned above 40000 Students under the Rectorship of John Hus. The greatest remarks are the Emperors Palace and Summer-house A fair Cathedral Church built 923. The Palace and Garden of Colaredo The Palace of Count Wallestein Duke of Freidland The Bridg being 1700 Foot long and 35 foot broad with two Gates under two High Towers of Stone at each end Near Prague that deciding Battel was fought Novemb. 8. 1620 between Frederick Prince Palatine of the Rhine Elected King of Bohemia and the Emperor Ferdinand the Second where the Victory fell unto the Imperialists Prague forced to yield and King Frederick and his Queen forced to fly into Silesia Teutchin Broda by the River Saczua a strong place when taken by Zisca who then forced the Emperor Sigismund to fly out of Bohemia Janikaw where was fought that famous Battel of Febr. 24. 1643. between Torstenson and the Imperialists the success gave the Swedes the advantage of proceeding further Czaslaw is the place where Zisca was buried that famous Bohemian General who fought when he was blind and when dead wished his friends to make a Drum of his Skin Guttenburg or Cottenburg is famous for its Silver Mines Egra is a strong City accounted the second of Bohemia and chief Magazine of the Country The Mountains of the Giants in Bohemia called Riphaei or Cerconossi are famous for three things for their Signification and Prognosticks of all Tempests for the rarity of Plants Stones and Gems there growing and for a Spectrum called Ribenzal which is said to walk about those Mountains in the form of a Huntsman Anselmus de Boot tells us that Rudolphus the second King of Bohemia had a Table of Jewels which he calls the Eighth Wonder of the World it was wrought with uch Art that the Jewels which were set together with invisible joints presented a most pleasant Landskip naturally representing Woods Rivers Flowers Clouds Animals c. the like not to be found in the World. The Waters of Carolina al. Karsbad found out Anno 1370. in the time of Charles the Fourth will in a Nights time turn Wood into a stony crust That the Loadstones of Bohemia will give the point of the World but not draw Iron and that a Needle touched with one of those Stones never points directly North but decline eight or more degrees to the last That Mummies as good as any in Egypt have been found in Bohemia a whole man of Myrrh Amber Bones of Giants and Unicorns horns are dig'd out of the Mountains See the Hlstory of Bohemia Bohuslao Balbino Soc. Jes in fol. Prag 1679. Other chief Towns are Pilsen large and Walled Tabor upon the River Lauznitz Koningsgratz Ger. Hradium Reginae Kralowikradetz Boh. Kuttenburg Ger. Kutnahora Boh. Budereiss Ger. al. Budeiowice Boh. Leitmeritz Ger. al. Litomierzitze Boh. To these we may add the County of Glatz upon the Borders of Silesia Of Moravia Marherin or Mahren IS a Country lying open only towards Austria and the South upon the other sides environed with Mountains and Forests plain within and exceedingly populous pleasant and fruitful for Corn Wine and Pasturage The Air somewhat unhealthy being debarred from the cleansing East and Northern Winds Once a Kingdom now a Marquisate subject to the Bohemians an Appendant of that State since Anno 1417. when Sigismund the Emperor gave it to Albertus King of Bohemia Chief Places are Olmutz or Olmuntz Germ. Olmuez Olomucium Olomuncium Latino Holemane Boh. the Eburum of Ptol. teste Pyram Appiano rather Barouua teste Laz. A University seated
the County of Rousillon on the Coast of Spain being now under the French King's Conquests but for Method and Order-sake I shall refer them to their proper place The chief Islands of France are 1. Strong Bell-Isle Venetica San. Calosus 2. Salt Nermoustier 3. Ree the Out-work to Rochel fatal to the English 1627. 4. Oleron Vliaras where Richard the III. gave those Laws as Lord of the Sea known to the World by the Title of The Laws of Oleron 5. The Tower d'Cardovan in the Mouth of the Garonne 6. The Isle Ouessant Vxantus by the English over against the Lizard In the Mediterranean lye the Isles de Ere 's the Staechades of Ptol. Of Spain A New Map of HISPANIA and PORTUGALLIA By Robt. Morden SPAIN by the Greeks first called Iberia not from Iberus the most famous River in that Kingdom nor from Iberi a people of Asia Quid igitur inquit Bochartus Ehraeis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eber Chaldaeis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ebra vel ibra est transitus quicquid est ulterius Inde plurale ebrin vel ebrin terminus fines significat Merito igitur Iberi dicii qui ex Phoenicium sententiâ terrarum fines ultimos habitarunt It was also called Hisperia either from Hesperus a King thereof or rather as being the furthest Country Westward So also by the Greeks and Romans it was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from Pan the companion of Bacchus By the Phoenicians Spania or Sphania a Country of Rabbets or Conics lastly by the Moors Mus-Arabia Conjointly with Portugal it makes a great Peninsula being encompassed with the Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea only towards the North-East for 240 miles it is firmly tack'd to the Continent by the Pyrenean Hills It is situate in the most Western part of all Europe in the most Southernly part of the Northern Temperate Zone and the longest Summers day is about 15 hours As for the Dimensions it is said to be in length from Porto on the Mouth of the River Duero to Cape Creus in Catalonia 600 Geometrical Miles And from Cape Gibralter to Cape Penas in the Bay of Bisca for the breadth is 480 miles By Cluver 760 miles in length and 600 in breadth Heylin who follows Josephus saith this Kingdom was first Inhabited by the Progeny of Tubal the Son of Japhet being the Descendants of the Iberii who came in under Panus Cluver saith that the Celtae a great and Potent Nation descended from Aschenaz were the first that did people Spain and caused the whole Country to be called Celtiberia The next Forreigners that came into Spain were the Phoenicians Sailing from Tyrus as Diodorus and Strabo relate it Then the Greeks or Rhodians afterwards the Carthagenians did overrun a great part of it under the conduct of Amilcor Asdrubal and Annibal even from the Western Ocean to the Pyrenes destroyed Saguntum now Morvedre built new Carthage and had not Annibals ill Fate hurried him for Italy the whole Country had been subdu'd to the State of Carthage But the Carthagenians being overcome by the Romans in the second Punick War it fell under the Dominions of the Romans by whom it was divided into three Provinces Boetica Lusitanica and Terraconensis Baetica was bounded on the North and West by the River Ana now Guadiana on the South by the Mediterranean Sea as far as Almeria on the East it was separated from Terragon by a straight line from Almeria to Cuidad Real and contained the Kingdoms of Granata Andaluzia part of New Castile and Estremadura and was inhabited by the Turduli Eastward and by the Celtici towards the West Lusitania was bounded on the North by the River Durius now Duero on the West by the Ocean on the South by the River Guadiana on the East by a line drawn from Cuidal Real to Samora a Town seated on the River Duero and contains almost all Portugal part of Old and part of New Castile The rest of Spain went to the making up of the Province of Terragon The Romans also divided Spain into two parts the one Citerior the other Vlterior the first comprehended the Province of Terragon the latter did comprise Baetica and Lusitania and so remained until the time of Honorius the Emperor when Gundericus King of the Vandals made an Eruption out of Germany and over-ran it about the year of our Lord 400. The Vandals were not well setled in their New Conquest when the Goths seized on this Country forcing the Vandals into Baetica and after into Africa and so made the Conquest absolute The Sarracens and Moors invaded it in the year 720 under the Conduct of of Musa and Tariff who were invited in by Julian who was sent on an Embassie to the Moors of Africa by Roderick the Gothish King but in the mean time deflowred his Daughter Cava which the Father took in such indignation that he procured the Moors to come into Spain who after a Battel that lasted seven days in which Roderick had 130000 Foot and 35000 Horse and Tariffe had 30000 Horse and 180000 Foot the Moors were Victorious and having harassed the whole Country Founded several Kingdoms therein but the Moors not long enjoyed the sole Sovereignty therein for the Goths having recovered themselves the Moors by little and little were brought under Heylin tells us that at last Spain fell into a 12-partite division viz. Leon and Oviedo Navarre Corduba Gallicia Bisca Tolledo Murcia Castile Portugal Valentia Catelogue and Arragon But I chose rather to follow Clever Mercator Sanson who all agree that at last Spain fell under the Command of several more powerful Princes and was parted into 15 grand Divisions most of which carried the Title of Kingdoms five lie upon the Ocean Biscaia Astruria Galicia Portugal and Andalusia five upon the Mediterranean Grenada Murcia Valentia Catalonia and the Islands of Majorca Minorca and Yuica and five Midland viz. Arragon Navarr the two Castiles and Leon. Afterwards the whole Country was reduced under the Power of the Kings of Castile Arragon and Portugal and under these three Titles it is that the King of Spain at present possesseth his large Dominions which he Governs by Eight Vice-Royes But in the year 1640. the Duke of Braganza was proclaim'd King of Portugal and ever since it continues Independent The People of Spain are of a swarthy Complexion black Hair and of good Proportion stately in all their Actions of a Majestical Gate and Deportment grave and serious in their Carriages in Offices of Piety very devout not to say superstitious obedient and faithful to their King patient in Adversities not prone to alter their resolutions in War too deliberate Arts they esteem dishonourable much addicted to Women and naturally proud Their Women sober discreet indifferent handsome clear complexioned loving to their Husbands and Friends yet by them so narrowly watched and overlooked that 't is hardly possible for them to have conference with any other man. In matters of Religion they are Roman
great Commerce and there it is that all the Pilgrims land that come from the Indies to Mecca It hath also much increased in Riches and Repute in regard that the Vessels that come from Sues to Aden rather chuse to unlade there to avoid the dangerous passages of Babel-Mandel Diodori Insula Arrian teste Rhamusio OF PERSIA A New Map of PERSIA by Robt. Morden THE Kingdom or Empire of Persia is at present one of the greatest and most famous of all Asia yet is but a part of the ancient Empire of the Persians for the Assyrian Monarchy contained all that which both Turk and Persian at this day possess in that part of the World And beginning under Ninus lasted 13 or 1400 years ending in that Notorious and Effeminate Epicure Sardanapalus After which it was divided into that of the Medes and Babylonians who continued it less than 300 Years Then the Persians made themselves Masters of it during 200 and odd Years under Cyrus Son of Cambyses Son of Cyrus Son of Darius Son of Achamenes Son of Perses who saith Isidore gave Persia its Name In Nimrod's days called Chusa or Cuth in Chedorlaomers and to Daniel's time Elam afterwards Persia from Persius Son of Perseus a Grecian Hero Son to Jupiter by Danae the Daughter of Acrisius Afterwards called Arsaca from Arsaces the Heroick Parthian After by the Inhabitants Artea By the Tartars Corsaca By the Arabians Saracdnea By the Turks Azamia and Axmia Farsi Farsistan Incolis The Macedonians and Greeks succeeded for having ruined the Empire of the Persians they gave a beginning to that of the Macedonians But Alexander the Great held this Empire but few Years and dying it was Cantonized out among his Captains who taking the Title of Kings waged War against each other till the Romans seized the Western and the Parthians the Oriental part of that Monarchy These Parthians freed themselves from the Rule of the Macedonians 250 Years before the Birth of Christ and Reigned near 500 Years Artaxerxes restored the Persian Government 228 Years after Christ's Nativity About the Year 605 the Caliph of Bagdat Omar or Hoshmar the Third after Mahomet became Master of it So that Persia after a long uninterrupted Succession of 28 Kings from Artaxerxes sets in an eclipsed Cloud and becomes fettered under the Iron Yoke of a Saracenick Bondage once garnished with 22 Kingdoms formidable to the Roman Emperors and Mistress of the greatest part of Asia In the Year 1257 or 8 the Tartars exterminated the whole Race of the Caliph of Bagdat And in the Year 1472. the Turcomans of Armenia got the Kingdom But about the Year 1505 Ishmael Sophi once more re-established the Persians in the possession of the Oriental part of that ancient Empire which now extends from the Tygris and Euphrates on the West almost to the River Indus on the East And from the Persian Gulph and the River Oxus on the North to the Persian and Indian Seas on the South But that you may the better understand the full Extent of the Dominions of this large Kingdom I shall give you the true Number of the Provinces of the whole Continent of Persia according to the old and new Descriptions of several Geographers And first the old Names by Cluver were Gedrosia Carmania Drangana Aracosia Paropamisis Bactriana Margiana Hyrcania Aria Parthia Persis Susiana Assyria Media The new Names Sarc Cusistan Elaran Farsi Arac Elsabar Diargument Corason Sablestan Candahor Sigestan Chesimur Kirman Goadel 2. By Baudran old Names Media Hyrcania Margiana Assyriae pars Susiana Parthia Aria Paropanisus Chaldea Persia Caramania Drangiana Arachosia and Gedrosia The new Names are Servan Gilan Dilemon Ayrack Agemi Taberestan Gorgian Rhoemus Churdistan Corasan Yerack Cusistran Farsi Kherman Sisistan Macheran Candahor and Sablestan 1. Therefore this Monarch possesseth a great part of the great Armenia which we call Turcomania especially that part which is seated between the two Rivers Kur and Aras the Cyrus and Araxes of old This Country is one of the most beautiful and richest pieces of Land in all Persia by the Natives called Iran or Karahag 2. Shirvan or Schirwan all along the Caspian Sea part of Media Atropatia 3. The Province Edzerbaijan or Azerbeyan And these two Provinces make up the ancient Media Sarch Clu. 4 Is Kylan or Guilan Persis which is the old Hircania Strava M. Angiol Diargument Merc. Hyrach Eryth and comprehends several other Provinces as Mesandran Lahetzan Rescht and Kesker 5. Is Estarabad Tabristan or Tocharistan formerly Margiana Jeselbash Cast. Tremigan Pineto which extends to the River Oxus 6. Zagathay or Sacathay Nig. is the Province of the Ousbec Tartars or Mauranahar comprehending all the ancient Sogdiana and part of Bractiana c. 7. Corassan Sernere Merc. is some part of Bactriana now Batter Ramus Charossan Castald which also comprehends the Province of Heri or Eri remarkable for the greatest Trade of any in Persia The Aria of old 8. Sablestan formerly Paropamifus Calchistan Cast Navagrat M. P. Ven. 9. The Territories and Cities of Candahor and Cabul comprehend the ancient Aracosia now belonging to the Mogul 10. Is Sigistan Marc. formerly Drangiana aliis Ilment 11. Is Kirman or Chermain and comprehends all the Territories of the ancient Carmania bordering upon the Indian Sea containing the Province of 12. Makeran wherein is Circan Patan and the Desert of Dulcinda 13. Chusestan Mind Chus Merc. which was heretofore called Susiana 14. Is Hierack or Erack Agemi the ancient Parthia Nig. Charessen and lies in the midst of all Persia Arach Merc. Minad Tex Alph. Hadr. 15. Is Fars which Laet calls Farc Farsistan Merc. and is the ancient Persia whereof Persepolis was the chief City 16. Is Diarbeck Merc. Azamia Bel. formerly Mesopotamia between Euphrates and Tygris 17. Is Curdistan or Arzerum formerly Assyria extending all along the East-side of the River Tygris from the Lake Van to the Frontiers of Bagdat 18. Is Yerack or Hierack-Arabi otherwise the Country of Babylon or Chaldea These three last Countries being most now under the Turkish power we have already discoursed thereof The Government of Persia is Despotick or absolutely Arbitrary the King having the sole power of Life and Death over all his Subjects without any Tryals or Law-proceedings Nor is there any Sovereign in the World more Absolute than He yet in the exercise thereof it is said to be gentle and easie supportable both to Persians and Strangers And for the Laws of Hospitality they are so strictly observed that the King will have all Strangers to be his Guests The general Title given to the Kings of Persia is that of Sha though the Vulgar call him by the Name of the Sophi which is a proper Name The Persians had ever a very great Veneration for their Sovereign And at this day they believe it to be a greater Asseveration to swear by the Name of their King than by the Name of their God perhaps out of the same Belief with those of Achem
though others pretend Bacchus to be the Founder of it and that from hence Nimrod and his Followers departed into the Vale Shynaâ— which lies between the Rivers of Iaxartes now Chesel and Oxus a Country of different soil and indifferent fertile but much augmented by the Industry of the Inhabitants who are the most ingenious of the Western Tartars lovers of Art and well skill'd in Manufactures and Trade The City of Sarmarchand the Marcanda of Ptol. Paracanda Strab. was both the Cradle and Grave to Tamerlan the Great who adorned it with an Academy as is also Bochar Bactria of old Bactra before that Zoroastes and Zoroaspa probably from Zoroaster their first King slain by Ninus A Town of great Trade where lived Avicen one of the most famous Philosophers and Physicians of the East there are also Balch and Badaschian on the Frontiers of Chorozan Sogdiana was a province subject to the Persians Here Cyrus built the old Cyroscata or Cyropolis which held out a long time and was almost fatal to the great Macedonian Conqueror but by him destroyed in revenge of so great a danger Not far from which that Infamous Regicide Bessus after his perfidious dealing with his Prince was apprehended and brought bound to Alexander who abhorring his sight ordered he should be delivered to Oxates the brother of Darius to be disposed of as he should think fit Here also was Alexandria Oxiana and Alexandria Ultima Tarquestan lies east from Usbeck and is subdivided into several Kingdoms of which the best known are Cascar or Hiachan Chialis or Turphan Chiartiam Cotam Thebet or Tenduc and Camul That of Cascar is the richest and is well stored with Rhubarbe That of Ciarthtam is the least and sandy but hath many Jaspers and other Stones Those of Cotam and Chialis have Corn Wine Flax and Hemp. Thebet or Tanguth is stored with Musk and Cinamon whose Kings were formerly called Un-Chan or Prester John a Title now erroneously conferred on the Abassine or Ethiopian Emperor in Africa for Presbyter John was chief of the Kingdom of Tanchut or Tanguth which the Tartars call Barantola the Sarazins Boratai and the Natives Lassa which is by the consent of all knowing persons seated in Asia next to the confines of the great Mogul amongst the Mountains of Caucasus and Imaus It was in the year 1248 when King Lewis was in the Island of Cyprus at Nicosia that Ambassadors from one of the Tartarian Princes whose Name was Ercalthay informed the King that the Great Cham of Tartary had about three years before been baptized having been converted by the Empress his Mother and Daughter of a King of the Indians She having always been a Christan and that their Master Prince Ercalthay who had also for a long time been a Christian was sent by the Great Cham with a potent Army against the Calife of Baldac an Enemy of the Christians The Name of Presbyter John denoteth some Christian Prince whose Dominions are placed by the consent of most knowing Persons not among the Ethiopians nor in any part of Africa as most suppose but in the Continent of Asia but in what part formerly 't was is not exactly known Some Authors say they were Kings of Cathay which is doubtful because 't is now discouered by modern Relations and Travels into those parts that all Cathy is but the Northern part of China But it is more than probable that besides that portion of Land there is another large part of the World conterminate on the north and west unto the Empire of China which in former Ages had the Name of Cathay and is the same with that of Thebet by some called Begargar c. as aforesaid which clearly appeareth by a Voyage of two Fathers from China to the Mogor who tell us that at Weâ—ala a Castle at the end of Barentola the Great Lama or Priest did then reside and gave an account of their Christian Religion And to me it seems further confirmed by a Journy made into the Western Tartary Anno 1683. By the Emperor of China we have this account of those People In all the Western Tartary there is nothing to be found but Mountains Rocks and Vallies there are neither Cities Towns or Villages nor Houses The Inhabitants lodge under Tents in the open Fields which they remove from one Valley to another according as they find pasture They pass their Life either in Hunting or doing nothing As they neither Plow nor Sow so they make no Harvest They live upon Milk Cheese and Flesh and have a sort of Wine not much unlike our Aqua-Vitae with which they are often drunk In short they care for nothing from morning to night but to drink and eat like the Beasts and Dâ—oves which they feed They are not without their Priests which they call Lamas for whom they have a singular veneration in which they differ from the Oriental Tartars the most part of whom have no Religion nor do they believe any God. This part of Tartary lies without the prodigious Wall of China for more than 300 Miles of which Wall saith our Author I can say without Hyperbolizing that the Seven Wonders of the World put together are not comparable to this Work. And all that Fame has spread concerning it among the Europeans is far short of what I myself have 〈◊〉 He also tells us that divers of the Petty Kings of the Western Tartary came from all sides for 300 Miles and some for 500 Miles together with their Wives and Children to salute the Emperor That this Country is divided into 48 Provinces and now tributary to the Emperor of China 〈…〉 which all Authors conâ—ound with a nonsuch Cathay 〈◊〉 divided into several parts of which I am able to say nothing in the way of Chorography nor much in History only I find that the King of Niulhan or Niuche called Xunchi conquered China at twelve years of Age with the Faithful assistance of his two Uncles a young Conqueror not only famous for his Success but also for the Moderation which he used to his newly subdued People And 't is certain that these Tartars know of no Cities or Towns beyond the wall of China therefore Cathay can be no other than the Northern part of China and Cambalu is Pekin and Quinzey answers to Hancheu The Northen Tartarie which is called the true ancient Tartarie is the coldest most untilled most barbarous and most unknown of all Some amongst them have their Kings others live by Hords or Commonalities As for their Names 't is easie to give what names Men please in parts wholly unknown But in the year 1682 the Emperor of China made a Voyage into the Eastern Tartary In this Journy saith the Father Verbiest who was the publisher of it we always went towards the North East from Pekin in all 1100 miles to the Province of Leao-tum the way being about 300 miles the Capital City whereof is Xin-Yam in the Latitude of 41 Degrees 56 Minutes a
2. Cyrene once of such Power that it contended with Carthage about their Territories The Birth-place of Eratosthenes Callimachus and Symon of Cyreen who carried our Saviours Cross Now called Carvanna Corene Villano and Cairoan Baud. 3. Berenice on the great Syrtes now Bernicho 4. Herculis Turris erected in honour of Hercules for killing the Dragon and robbing the Orchards of the Hesperides of their golden Apples this Orchard being placed here by Ptolomy by Pomponius in the Atlantick Islands by Virgil and Pliny in Mauritania 5. Alberton of old Paraetonium the Sea-port to the Temple of Jupiter Hammon seated in the midst of a vast sandy Desert as they tell us encircled with a delightful and pleasant Grove watered with wholesome Springs refreshed with a temperate Air shaded with Fruit-bearing Trees whose Leaves were always green This Country is now the thirteenth Calsiliff or Government under the Turkish Bashaw in Egypt called Bonhera or Barca the Southern part whereof is called the Desert of Barca famous for the Temple beforementioned for its Oracle for the Fountain of the Sun for the destruction of Cambyses Army and for the visit of Alexander Rivers I find few but one of same enough for all the rest by Ptolomy called Lathon by Pliny Lethon by the Poets Lethe and feigned to come from Hell and to cause forgetfulness in those that drink it Now Milel teste Marmol Of EGYPT AEGYPT by R. Morden EGypt is bounded on the North with the Mediterranean Sea on the East with the Red-Sea and the Isthmus between the Red-Sea and the Mediterranean on the South with Ethiopia and Nubia on the West with the Lybian Mountains or Deserts of Barca This flourishing Kingdom possest by Mizraim changed her antient Name and became Egypt at such time as Aegyptus or Ramasis the son of Belus having expelled his Brother Danâ—us or Armeus into that part of Greece now called Morea by whom the Argives were made Danai which happen'd 877. years after the Flood in the time of Joshua as St. Augustine conjectureth out of Eusebius This Country by the Jews was called Misraim the Caldeans Misrai the Assyrians Misri the Arabians Mesra the Moors Missir and Babara by the Antient Inhabitants Chemia and Hamia by the Romans Augustanica by Berosus Oceania by Xenophon Ogygia by Herodotus Potamia by Lucian Melambolos alias Milampodus by Homer Hefestia by others Nilea Aeria an Osiria by the Modern Turks El-kebit It is the only Region of Africa that borders upon Asia and though the Air be bad it is the best peopl'd in the World. Nor was it less peopl'd formerly if it be true that in the Reign of Amasis one of their Kings it contain'd above twenty thousand Cities The extraordinary quantities of Corn which it yielded caus'd the Antients to call it the publick Granary of the World. And the plenty or scarcity of the whole Roman Empire was still according to the Harvest of Egypt Nile by the Inundation of his Stream which is full of Nitre gives the Ground this fertility The Plants grow in such abundance that they would choke one another did they not strow the Fields with Sand. The Western part of Nile is more fruitful than the Eastern Besides Corn this Country affords Rice Sugar Dates Senna Cassia Balsom Hides Flax and Linen They know little who say that it rains not there For the ordinary time of Rains and Winds begins in the Month of December or Kijahak and continues till January and February at the Eve of Pentecost in the year 1672. there was Rain at Ros tte and on the 24 of November the Rains fell at Cairo teste F. Vansleb So that it is a great Error to say it never Rains in Egypt besides there are often wet Mists and in all seasons of the year when the Nights are serene there is much Dew that falls but when the Nights are cloudy there is no Dew To this day also Egypt shews us Pyramids Obelisques Labyrinths and other Works of the Antient Kings raised at an incredible expence to testifie their Puissance and to employ their people The Statue of Memnon was there formerly most remarkable as also the Pharos near Alexandria In the Lake Meris is said to be seen the place where the Labyrinth stood wherein they say There were above thirty three hundred Rooms Mommies which are frequent in this Country are nothing but the Bodies of dead Men embalmed and buried in Vaults carefully provided for that purpose where they keep entire two or three thousand years About five Miles from Cairo as one Stephen Dublies reports being an eye witness there is a place in which on every Good-friday there appears a great many Heads and Legs of Men rising out of Ground By late Relations 't is said to be only a Trick of the Water-men to get Money The Palm-trees may be reckoned among the Rarities of Egypt they grow in couples Male and Female and do not fructifie but by coiture the Fruit it bears is known by the name of Dates in taste much like Figs and all its parts are of several uses as the Pith for a Sallet the Husk of the Cod for Cordage the Leaves for Fans Feathers c. Egypt at the beginning had Native Kings who governed their Subjects with a free and unlimited Authority and till the Government of Psammenitus Son of Amasis who rul'd in the year of the World 3454 were all called by one general Sirname or Title of Pharaoh being a Name of Dignity as with us the Name of Emperor or King. But tho' Egypt hath been always of old governed by Kings yet the Royal Seats have been changed The first Royal Seat we read of was Tanis where was Pharaoh's Court and where God performed great Wonders Thebes also was the Royal Seat. Then Memphis which was the Seat of the Kings of the Race of Coptus till Nebuchadonozer sacked it Alexandria where the Greek Kings resided for nine hundred years till the Arabians took Egypt and made Fostat near old Cairo the Metropolis After Giauher had built Cairo about the year of the Hegira 362 he made that the Royal Seat which continues to this time The Egyptians were antiently Heathens almost every City had a God to adore Abusir or the old Busiris worshipped a Calf Alexandria the antient Racotis adored a Serapis of Stone Achmin the old Panos acknowledged Apollo Bana worshipped a Dog Bassa or the old Bubastis had for a God a Lion of Stone Eida adored a Serapis Ischemunein or the antient Hermepolis worshipped a Man of Stone Isvan called by the Copties Sâ—van reverenced the Tree Lebaca Cous worshipped the Moon and Stars Mindadi the Fig tree of Pharaoh Memphis a Calf Atrib or the old Atribis adored a Calf of Stone Semenant which is the antient Sebennis worshipped a Calf of Brâ—ss Sa a Hog of Stone Tuba had respect for the Water according to an old Manuscript in Arabick Cambyses the Son of Darius in the year of the World 3454 was the first that made
the richest the most populous and fullest of Merchants of all Egypt It is built upon the River Nilus in form of an half Moon But it hath no Walls nor Fortifications only a round high Tower where there is neither Watch nor Ward nor Guns yet memorable for the often Sieges laid unto it by the Christian Armies and the taking of it Anno 12 8 and â—â— 9. The Trade of this City is in Linen and Stuffs of all kinds and Colours Coffee and Rice of which last there is every year above five hundred Ships great and small loaded out for Turkie The pickled Mullets here are highly esteemed all over the Levant The Town is governed by an Aga sent thither by the Pacha of Cairo Mansoura is situate upon the East side of the Nilus Here St. Lewis the French King was taken Prisoner by Sultan Saleh in the History of the Holy War translated out of the French 't is called Kaseâ— It s antient Name I find not by its situation it should be near unto the Tanis of Strabo and Ptol. the Taphnis Ezekieli Pelusium called Belbais by W. of Tyre now Calixene teste Bonacciola was the Birth-place of Ptolomy the Geographer and the Episcopal Seat of Isidore Rosetta Italis Raschit Turcis the Metelis of Ptol. and Mela teste Ben. Tudelensi Bolbitina teste Villano Mol. aliis Canopus But by Ziegler Bocher or Bichieri vulgo C. d. Be ur is the Canopus from Canobus Menelaus Pilot here buried and where stood the Temple of Serapis According to F. Vanslebius Fuva or Fuoa seated upon the East side of Nilus seven hours from Rosetta was by the Greeks called Metelis and in the Copties Dictionary Messil which he saith is very antient a great and considerable Town in a delightful Territory of pleasant Fields and Gardens and that Geziret or the Island of Gold is over against this City At Rosetta the Nilus hath two Branches or Mouths which run into the Sea which are guarded with two Castles that which is about a Mile and a half from Rosetta is a square encompassed with strong Walls built according to the old way having four Towers furnished with seventy four Pieces of Cannon whereof seven are of an extraordinary bigness The other Castle is but a Mosque before it stand seven Pieces of Artilery on the Ground The Waters of Maadie is a Gulph or Pool whose Waters are very salt and comes not from Nilus Benesuaif is the Hermopolis of Strab. and Plin. teste J. Leone the Hermetis and Hermopolis Ptol. Here Pan and Hircus were worshipped teste Zozomeno in Historia Eccclesiastica 'T is now called Ischemunein teste Vansleb Seminaut the antient Sebennis or Sebenit teste Vansleb Sturione Negro is a great Town seated on the West side of Nilus where the Barks that sail for Cairo pay Custom The Custom-house is built upon a Ship in the River Mitgamr is a very beautiful and large Town in the middle way between Damiata and Cairo on the East side of Nilus and over against it is Sitfe a fair and large Town Chana is the Ombri or Ombros Invenal teste Ortel rather Coptes teste Ramusio forty four Miles from Thebae and three hundred from Alexandria Alguechet is the Oasis Magna of Herod Ptol. c. Anasis Strab. Avasis aliis now Gudemez Zieglero El-Eocath or Eleochet is the Oasis parva Azagar Barria Abutich or Albutig is the antient Abydus test Cast Mol. Sues or Suez the Residium of Strabo the Arsinoe and Cleopatris Ptol. teste Zieglero which contains not above two hundred Houses with a bad Port is nevertheless the Turks Arsenal upon the Red-Sea The Haven is small and shallow for neither Gallies nor Ships can enter into it till they are half unladen which is the reason that most of the Vessels lie in the Rode where they are more secure than in the Port. The Governor keeps two small Gallies and some other Vessel to maintain his Authority in the Red-Sea The Commodities of the East Indies were heretofore brought thither and then convey'd into Europe but now the Turks enjoy no more that Commerce by reason of the settlement of the Christians in the Indies The Ships set out from Sues in the Spring and Summer when the North Wind blows the South Winds being most constant in Winter and Autumn Cossir formerly Berenice was the Port whither the Romans ordered all goods to be brought that came from the East Indies which from thence were carry'd the nearest way by the Nile to the City of Coptos now call'd Cana. Buga in the most Southern part of Egypt is a Kingdom according to the Relations of 657 tributary to the Abyssins The antient Town of Arsinoe situated near Fium is totally ruined nothing now remaining but a great many Mountains made of the Ruins and Rubbish of the Town once one of the most great and glorious Cities of Egypt The Monastery of St. Anthony hath no Gate but Men and Beasts are all drawn up over the Wall by a Pulley it hath about two thousand four hundred Acres within the Wall. Siut called in Greek Lycopolis teste Vanst but Baud. tells us Licopolis is now Munia teste Mol. is one of the most famous Towns of the Upper Egypt seated at the foot of a barren Mountain that stands on the West side about half a League from Nilus The Town is great and populous full of Christian Copties where is a Cave cut in the Rock large enough to draw up in Battalia one thousand Horse Tahta is seated near the Ruins of the antient Town Abutig called by the Copties 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 upon the Banks of Nilus about two days journey from Siut towards the South The Monastery of St. Sennodius the Archimandrite sirnamed the White is built near the Ruins of the Antient Town Adribe where are the Remains of one of the most Magnificent Structures that hath been in Egypt Minie is an antient great and fair Town on the West side of Nilus where are made the Bardaques or Water-pots which are so highly esteemed at Caâ—ro Isne Vansl Asna J. Leont the Syene Plin. Ptol. Diod. four hundred and fifty Miles from Alexandria Isvan Asnan or Asuam is the Metacompsa of Ptol. Tacompson Plin. Tachemimpto Mela teste Zieglero Tuot is Eleven Leagues North of Isna on the East of Nilus where is a Temple of the antient Egyptians Arment is twelve Leagues from Tuot now ruined and forsaken where the Egygtians believe Moses was born At Luxor two Leagues from Tuot are to be seen the Remains of an antient and beautiful Temple in which are seventy eight Pillars of a prodigious bigness and at the old Luxor is an antient Palace whose Ruins shew that it hath been very glorious Bethsames was one of the chief Cities of Ramasis or Goshen Abydus now Abutich once the Royal Seat of Memnon renowned for the Temple of Osiris and the Statue of Memnon The chief Lakes in Egypt were Mareotis now Lago de
Antacon Sebaka Vansleb the other Meeris now called Buchiarea or Kern Vansleb BILEDVLGERID ZAARA c. Biledulgerid Sarra Terra Nigritarum Guine Nova Descriptio Robt. Morden BIledulgerid improperly is the Numidia of the Antients where inhabited the Getuli it signifies a Country plentiful in Dates Which is a Fruit which much enriches the Inhabitants This part of Africa extends from East to West almost as far as Barbary It s principal Parts are Sus or Tesset Darha Segelomessa Tegorarin Zeb and Mezzab Techort and Guergula Biledulgerid and the Desert of Barca Sus by Sanutus is called Tesset to distinguish it from that in the Kingdom of Morocco It is said to have many Towns Castles and Villages Its Inhabitants are Beriberes Africaâ—â— or Arabs Tesset is a Town of about four hundred â—â—â—ses Darba its chief Town 〈…〉 same name seated upon a River a so so called Segelomessaâ—â— one of the greatest and best Provinces of Biledulgerid whose chief City bears the same name containing several small Estates Tegorâ—rin hath more than fifty walled Towns and one hundred and fifty Villages Zeb and Mezab are much troubled with Scorpions whose bitings is mortal The Estates of Techort and Guergula have each their Prince yet pay Tribute to Algier Biledulgerid or Beled-Elgered contains the Estates of Gademes Fezzen and Teorregu the chief City is Caphsa the Capha said to be built by the Lybian Hercules There are in Biledulgerid some few Mahometan Kings whose power is very inconsiderable The Arabians under their Cheicks or Cheifs are very strong in Horse and would be able to attempt great things were they not so much at War among themselves Sometimes they assist the Turks sometimes the King of Morocco and Fez. The change of Governments and diversity of Languages has made a great alteration in the Names of the Cities The Arabians are great Hunters of Ostridges as getting great profit by it For they sell the Feathers eat the Flesh make Bags of their Skins to put their baggage in they divine by the Heart they make their Medicaments of the Fat and Pendants for their Ears of the Claws and Beaks Mount Alas extends some of its Limbs into Biledulgerid And the Cape of Non was for a good while the furthest shore of the Portugal Navigation Zahara or Zaara signifies a Desert And is part of that which the Antients called Lybia interior where lived the Antient Getuli and Garamantes The Getuli were a people of the Interior Lybia Vagrants having no certain fixed Habitation teste Silio Melas By Pliny they are placed in Mauritania Caesariensis next to the Massaesylis By Ptolomy in Lybia interior near to Dara By Honorius between Carthage and Numiâ—ia There is nothing to be seen but Sand Mountains and Scorpions for which reason the Inhabitants wear Boots to preserve themselves from being bitten by those Animals Nevertheless the Air is wholesome and the Sick are brought thither out of other Countries to recover their Health The Arabians make three Divisions of it Cebel where the Sand is small without any greenness Zaara where it is all Gravel and somewhat green And Asgar full of Lakes Grass and Shrubs Travellers must provide themselves of all necessaries For the Houses and Wells are so far distant one from another that a Man may Travel a hundred Leagues together and not meet either with Lodging or Water In one of these Deserts a Merchant suffer'd so severe a Drowth that he gave ten thousand Duckets for a glass of Water and yet he dy'd as well as the Carrier that had receiv'd the Money Men are forc'd sometimes to bury themselves in the Sands to avoid the Lions and other Wild Beasts that make a most dreadful roaring in the Night The Natives are for the most part Shepherds and the best Huntsmen in the World but very miserable Some of them are Mahumetans but the most part Libertines Several petty Lords receive the Tribute of the Caravans that pass through the Country Their other Revenue consists in Cattel and when they value the Wealth of a Man they ask how many Camels he hath There are reckon'd to be five principal Deserts Zanhaga Zuenzâ—ga wherein there are Salt Pits Targa Lempta and Berdoa to which some add Borno and Gaoga The Ghir which is their biggest River makes some very considerable Lakes and is lost in the Sands in several places as it runs the Rio Ouro was so call'd by the Portugals by reason of Gold which they found in it at their first coming This River runs under the Tropic through Desert Countries with ten or twelve Arms toward the end of its course The Coast to Cape Bejador is nothing but white and grey Sand-hâ—lls overgrown with wild Bulrushes Nigritia or the Land of the Blacks seems to be so call'd from the Antient Nigrites so term'd also from the blackness of their Complexion Or else from the Colour of the Earth which in some parts is all scorch'd and burnt up by the excessive heat The Niger somewhat qualifies the heat of the Country but the Rains occasion several Diseases Cape Blanco or Caput Album is a long extent of Sand as hard as a Rock about ten or twelve Cubits high with a spacious Port where Ships ride safe what ever Wind for the most part blows Arguin a Castle in a small Island belongs to the Hollanders Barks may go up the River of Saint John and there Trade with the Negros for Ostridge Feathers Gums Amber and some small parcels of Gold. Senega one of the principal Arms of Niger is not above a League over at the Mouth The Coast to the North of Senega is very low not to be seen hardly twelve Leagues off the Road of Cape Verd. the Asinerium promontorium teste Barrio Mancandan and Besenege Thev Ryssadium promâ—nt teste Nigro is about twelve Fathom deep with a grey Sand at the bottom The Flemish Island or Goree is fortified with a Platform flank d with four Baslious with a strong brick Tower. The entry into it is upon the West part of the Island where a Ship of fifteen hundred Tun may Ride The Road is good but there is little fresh Water Rafrisque is a very convenient retiring place Gambia is about five Leagues over at the Mouth but is not Navigable for Barks above sixty Leagues by reason of the Sands and Rocks in it Some say that the Portugals go up the Niger as far as the Kingdom of Benin which is above eight hundred Leagues That the Danes possess Cantozi toward that part where Niger divides it self That Niger makes several Lakes upon which are built many fine Cities from whence there go Caravans as far as Tripoli in Barbary The Negros are very simple Idolaters toward the Sea and Mahumetans in the Inland Country They have some very considerable Kingdoms but the greatest part of their Cities are not so good as our Villages the Houses being built of Wood Chalk and Straw and many times one of these Cities make a Kingdom