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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A55718	The present state of Hungary. Or, A geographical and historical description of that kingdom giving an account of the nature of the country, and of its inhabitants, of its government and policy; its religion and laws; of its division into counties and provinces; of its towns, castles, forts, rivers lakes, mountains, product, mines, minerals, and other rarities. Together, with the memorable battles and sieges that have happened there since the time of the Romans; but more particularly since the Turkish invasions. To which is added, a short account of Transilvania, and the lofty titles taken by those Turkish emperours, who have made war in those countries.		1687 (1687)	Wing P3266; ESTC R218986	53,134	187

Father The Huns made another Irruption into Pannonia about the Year 744. under the Conduct o● one named Amie who had Arphad for his Successor These gave the name to Hungary Sultan one of the issue of that Arphad was as it is said the Father of Toxa or Toxis and this Man begot Geiza the Father of St. Stephen with whom I shall begin the Chronological Succession of the Kings of Hungary He was Crowned in the year 1000. or 1020. according to others Since that time the Hungarians had Kings who governed them peaceably enough until after the Death of Loüis called the Great whose Daughter and Heiress Marie was Married to the Emperour Sigismond of Luxemburg but his Government displeasing them they called in Charles de Duras King of Naples and Stephen Vaivod of Transilvania who had his recourse to Bajazet the First Emperour of the Turks from thence began the Miseries of that Kingdom which since the year 1394. hath been always almost the seat of War and became a Prey to the Turks and especially under Amurath Solyman and others The Kingdom of Hungary is partly possessed by the House of Austria and partly by the Infidels The former rendred it Hereditary after the Death of Loüis the Young who perished at the Battle of Mohacs in the year 1526. John de Zapol Count of Scepua was saluted King by part of the Hungarians and Ferdinand of Austria by the rest who carried it from his Competitor The Estates of this Kingdom are divided into four Bodies 1. The Clergy 2. The Barons 3. The Nobles 4. The Royal and Free Towns. The Religion of it is divided and the Manners of the People odd The Hungarians were converted to the Faith by Gisle Sister to St. Henry who married their King St. Stephen CHAP. IV. A Chronological Succession of the Kings of Hungary IN the year 1000. or 1020. St. Stephen died in 1038.     years months 1038. Peter the German reigned 4 0 1042. Ovon or Aban 2 0 1044. Peter the German restor'd 2 0 1046. Andrew I. 15 0 1061. Bela I. 2 0 1063. Salomon 11 0 1074. Geiza or Gezcza I. 3 0 1077. Ladislaus I. 7 0 1095 Coloman or Colan 19 0 1114. Stephen II. 18 0 1132. Bela II. 9 0 1141. Geiza II. 20 0 1161. Stephen III. 11 0 1172. Ladislaus the Usurper 0 6 1172. Stephen IV. 0 5 1173. Bela III. 23 0 1193. Emeri 8 0 1204. Ladislaus II. 0 6 1205. Andrew II. called of Jerushalem 30 0 1235. Bela IV. 25 0 1260. Stephen V. 12 0 1272. Ladislaus III. 18 0 1290. Andrew III. called the Venetian 11 0   Charles I. called Martel     1301. Wenceslaus 0 0 1305. Otho 0 0 1310. Charles Robert or Charobert 32 0 1342. Loüis I. 40 0 1382. Marie 0 0 1383. Charles III. called the Little 0 3 1387. Sigismond 51 0 1438. Albert of Austria 0 2 1440. Ladislaus IV. 0 4 1445. John Corvin called Huniades 0 8 1452. Ladislaus V. 0 6 1458. Matthias Corvin 0 2 1490. Ladislaus VI. 25 0 1516. Loüis II. called the Young 11 0 1526. John de Zapol 0 0 1540. John Stephen or Sigismond 0 0 1527. Ferdinand I. 37 0 1564. Maximilian I. 12 0 1576. Rodolph 36 0 1612. Matthias 0 7 1619. Ferdinand II. 18 9 1637. Ferdinand III. called Earnest 20 0 Ferdinand Francis Elected 1647. 1657. Leopold Ignatius chosen in the Life of his Father Ferdinand the III. in the year 1655. The Author has not here observed the precise year of the Election of these Princes but the year their Reign began CHAP. V. Of the Authors that speak of Hungary THE chief are Bonfinius Eneas Sylvius Bizar Philippus Callimachus Experieus Cellarius Dillichius Poretius Estuanfus Sambuch Schodel Peter Ranzan Melchior Soiter Ciaconius Stuarth Roger who hath Published a Volume of Hungarian Writers Tharosius the Authors of the Historys of Germany Poland and Naples Thevet and Paulus Jovius on Matthias Corvinus and Huniades St. Antonin Blondus Daviti the Fables of the Kings of Hungary Mercator Ortelius Maginus Cluverius Brietius Samson Du Val Boissard Volateran Du May's Description of the War of Hungary Szenkely Chron Ferrarii St. Baudrand Lexic Geog. c. CHAP. VI. Of the Towns of Upper Hungary and their Description THE Kingdom of Hungary as we have said is divided into the Upper and Lower Hungary the Towns of the Upper Hungary are these that follow PRESBOURG This Town lies upon the Danube and is the Capital City of the Upper Hungary and of all that belongs to the Emperor within that Kingdom It gives it's Name to a County which is a Province of Hungary betwixt Moravia Austria and the Danube the Latin Authors call it Posonium and Flexum and those of the Country Poson This place is eight Leagues from Vienna in Austria and as far from Newheusel and Comorra it is Fortified with a considerable Castle against the Incursions of the Turks which is mentioned by the Author of the German Itinerary in this manner Lib. 5. Hic ubi Posonium consurgit turribus altis Limes Teutonicis Hungariisque viris The Authors of the Hungarian History which are bound up in one Volume speak of Presbourg as well as Cluverius Ortelius and Samson it hath the Title of an Arch-Bishoprick and in the Cathedral-Church which is partly possessed by the Fathers Jesuits the Body of St. John Bishop of Alexandra is held in great Veneration Pope Clement the Fifth being informed that the Hungarians were in Arms and would not submit to Charles Martel Son to Charles II. King of Naples thought himself obliged to send a Legat thither either for composing these Disorders or strengthening the Party of the Lawful Soveraign For that effect he pitched upon Gentil de Monteffiore whose Merit had raised him from a Franciscan Frier to the Dignity of a Cardinal and who acquitted himself extraordinarily well in his Commission At first he used all ways of Mildness but finding them to be unprofitable he employed Ecclesiastical Censures and reclaimed the Hungarians to their Duty He celebrated a Council at Presbourg in the year 1309. Where sound Cannons were made which were afterwards approved by the Pope In this Town there are a great many Houses built after the Italian manner which contribute much to the Beauty thereof NITRIA Nitria or Nitracht a Town in the Upper Hungary is the Seat of a Bishop Suffragan to the Arch-bishop of Gran and has it's Name from the River it lyes upon which it gives to a County whereof it is the Capital It is under the Jurisdiction of Newheusel being five Leagues distant from it and ten from Presbourg and continued always subject to the Emperour NEWHEUSEL The people of the Country call it Owar and the Latin Authors Neoselium it lyes upon the River of Nitria or Nitrach two Leagues from Comorra upon the Danube It is but a small Town but very well seated and the chief Town of a large Country the Turks took it in the year 1663. And the Emperours Army having

Charles V. after the overthrow of Loüis the Young in the Plain of Mohacz was proclaimed King of Hungary by Stephen Bathori Palatin of the Kingdom and by the sounder part of the Nobility John Zapoliha Vaivod of Transilvania having been before tumultuarily elected by the rest The same year Ferdinand made himselt Master of the greatest part of the Kingdom and of Buda the Capital City of which he made Thomas Nadasti Governour until the year 1529. that Solyman took it by the Treachery of the Garrison and shortly after laid siege to Vienna which he was forced shamefully to raise after he had made many B●oody Assaults From whence retreating to Buda he re-established John Vaivod of Transilvania in the Kingdom having left in Buda Gritti a Renegado with three Thousand Janisaries to defend it in Name of the Vaivod Afterwards Ferdinand King of Bohemia made General Rogendorf besiege it in the year 1530. but in vain In the year 1540. he commanded his General Leonard Fessius to Besiege it a second time having first possest himself of the Forts of Vicegrad Vaccia and Pest and John Zapoliha being dead the year before who left for his Successor John Sigismond a Pupil under the tuition of the Princess Isabel his Mother and George Monck but Fessius having there endured the fatigues of a long and troublesom Siege was again obliged to draw off In the year 1541. General Rogendorf renewed the Siege again a Third time but upon the coming of Solyman he thought it best to retreat In the mean time that Ottoman Prince surprised the Town by Cunning drove the young Prince and his Mother out of it and sent them to Reign in Transilvania publishing that he would keep it until John Sigismond the Son of John Zapoliha the Usurper were of Age. In the year 1542. the Marquess of Brandebourgh made as if he intended to Besiege Buda and in that design marched towards it He attacked Pest on his march but in vain and retreated without any success The Count of Swartzenbourgh haing in the Month of March 1598. by a Wonderful Stratagem retaken Javarin or Raab from the Turks marched the same year in the Month of October under the Auspices of the Archduke Matthias and laid Siege to Buda which after thirty days Attack he was forced to raise because of the continual Rains And it is remarkable that the Turks who at the same time Besieged the Town of Waradin in Transilvania were likewise obliged to quit their Enterprise for the same Reason The Christians again attacked that Town in the year 1602 under General Roswurm but having ruined the Bridge ever the Danube and possessed the Town of Pest the Rigour of the Season obliged them to desist from their Design The Duke of Lorrain Generalissimo of the Imperial Armies attempted the Siege of the same place having first made himself Master of the Castle of Vicegrad Vaccia and Pest and thrice defeated the Ottoman Army but the Season being too far advanced that he might not endanger the Army he thought it convenient to raise the Siege in the Month of October 1684. The Council of Buda Philip Bishop of Fermo of the holy See being sent by Nicholas III. for treating some important Affairs with Ladislaus III. King of Hungary in the year 1279. celebrated a Council at Buda the Constitutions whereof to the Number of Thirty six Oldericus Rainaldus hath put at the end of the 14. Tome of the Ecclesiastical Annals Churches or Funf-Kerken and some other places burnt Siget and besieged Canisa which he would have infallibly taken had the Succours that were promised him been sent to him The Grand Visier having Intelligence of that siege advanced with a great Army made him raise it and then took Fort Serini which was afterwards demolished little Gomora and other Places VICEGRAD The Latins call it Vissegradia and the Germans Plindenburg It is a strong Town built upon a very high Rock the Danube running by the Foot of it and lies above Buda and below Strigonium In this place there is a Castle upon a little Hill where the Abbey of Pily stands also Heretofore the Crown of Hungary was kept there that Town in former times having been the place of Residence of the Kings of Hungary and the Remains of the Ruines of a very stately Building of Free Stone are still to be seen there The Forces of the Arch-Duke Matthias re-took that place in the Reign of Mahomet III. But the Heydukes committed a piece of the greatest Treachery imaginable and delivered it up into the hands of the Turks in the time of Sultan Achmet Charles King of Naples who was also proclaimed King of Hungary having been wounded in the Head by Forchatz was carried into that Castle where under pretext of applying a Plaister to his Head they strangled him The Crown of Hungary was heretofore kept at Vicegrad but the Turks having advanced so far it was thought safer to put it into the Castle of Presbourg This Crown is of a pretty singular shape for it is very low and hath a Cross on the top with four leaves that go compleatly round it of which one is as big as the other three or at least as two of them It is infinitely esteemed by the Hungarians because they believe that an Angel brought it to their King St. Stephen and the most August Emperour Leopold who reigns at present is the two and fourtieth King that hath been crowned with that Crown S. MARTINSBERG Is a pretty handsom Town and a very strong place seated on the Top of a very high Hill from whence all the Countrey about may be discovered It lies betwixt the Fort of Raab and the Town of Dotis DOTIS Dotis Tata or Theodata is but four Leagues from Comora it hath a Castle with Ditches round it and not far from thence there are some natural Baths It lies betwixt S. Martinsberg and the Danube hath been often taken and re-taken and belongs to his Imperial Majesty The Count of Salms General of the Imperial Army took it in the year 1565. with the Town of Vesprim VESPRIM In Latin Vesprinium and in High-Dutch Weisbrun is a little pretty strong Town lying near the head of the River Sarwis and the Lake Balaton eleven Leagues from Strigonium and five from Alba Regalis being the Seat of a Bishop Suffragan to Strigonium it is the capital of the County of its Name and hath a strong Castle upon the top of a little Hill belonging to his Imperial Majesty The Count of Salms took it in the year 1565. with the Town of Dotis PAPA A little Town but strong defended by a Castle and lying in the County of Vesprim upon the River of Malchaltz it belongs to the Emperour SARWAR This place lyes upon the Raab betwixt Papa and Sabaria under Obedience to the Emperour having been re-taken in the year 1567. SABARIA Is an Ancient Town in the County of Iron Castle lying at the concourse of the two Rivers of Guntz and Regnitz

contudit Dejecit affectato Regno Palatinum Pragam recepit Subegit Bohemiam Moraviam pacavit In Hungaria Posonium Tirnaviam aliaque oppida Regi suo asseruit Denique dum ad Neosolium Infestam obsessorum eruptionem fortiter sustinens Equo quem in hostem admiserat longius trucidato Ipse sedecim vulneribus saucius Lanceâque ad extremum confossus Non finem vitae suae Sed melius auctius quam apud Mantinaeam Epaminondas Initium reperit ALTSOL Is a Town lying upon the same River of Gran lower than Newsol betwixt it and the Town of Cremnitz HERN-GRUNDT Is a little Town standing on a pretty high Ground though it be betwixt two Hills The place it stands on goes by the same Name and is but a mile from Newsol SCHEMNITZ The biggest of all the Towns in Hungary where there are Mines and in it there is a great deal of Silver found daily The Town is very well built hath three fair Churches and most part of the Inhabitants are Lutherans It hath also three Castles the first is the old Castle that stands in the Town where one may hear pretty pleasant Musick at six of the Clock in the morning and six at night which is performed by means of an Engine that they have found out The second is the new Castle built by a Lady who caused the Gibbet that stood upon a Hill to be removed and a stately Fabrick to be erected in place of it The third is upon the top of a very high Hill where there is always a Sentinel to discover the approach of the Turks and to give notice of it by firing a great Gun. The Streets lye upwards and downwards upon the side of the Hill and all the Country is very uneven CREMNITZ This is but a very little Town but hath large Suburbs and stands on very high Ground It is thought that St. John's Church which is pretty near it is built on the highest Ground of all Hungary It is the ancientest of all the Towns where Mines are and is also the richest of all the seven which are called Schemnitz Cremnitz Newsol Koninsbergs Bochantz Libeten and Tiln VIROVICHITZ Lying before the Isle of St. Andrew is a place in high Esteem for the lovely Vines and good Grapes that grow there Near it there is a demolished Stone Building upon the side of the Isle of St. Andrew where it is said that heretofore there was a Stone Bridge MAROS Is on the other side of Vicegrad near the Isle of St. Andrew It hath a very lovely Church and being a place that heretofore yielded voluntarily to the Turks the Christians are not much tormented there but only pay a yearly Tribute of very small Consequence PEST On the other side of the Danube towards the East is the Town of Pest that is square and seated in a very lovely Plain it looks very pretty from Buda because of its Walls and the Towers of its Mosques It gives the Name to all the Countrey about which therefore is called Comitatus Pesthiensis the County of Pest for Hungary is divided into Counties as well as England Betwixt this place and Buda there is a fair Bridge of Boats at least half a mile over it hath been taken and re-taken whereby it is much ruined and the Town of Buda which is over against it standing on an Eminence whereas this lies in a Plain so commands it that it can batter it down with great Guns unless on the side of the Gate of Agria which is covered by the Town The Imperial Forces took it in the year 1684. when they invested Buda but quitting that Siege they also abandoned Pest though now in this present year 1686. they have again made themselves Masters of it HADWAN Lies upon the Zagywe to the North of Pest and fortifyed with Earth but not so as that the Turks repose great assurance on it It was taken by the Christians in the year 1596. but afterwards abandoned to the Turks in the year 1603. and is not above six Leagues from Pest To close up the Description of the Towns of Upper Hungary I shall subjoin the Latin Epigram made upon the Revolt of the Towns that espoused the Party of Teckely EPIGRAMMA In septem Superioris Hungariae Fortalitia Duce Teckelio Caesari Rebellantia CAstrorum septem crudelis impia tellus Quid Dominum contra perfida colla levas Oblita es famulam saltem te agnosce parentem Hic tibi ni Princeps esset alumnus erat Divitiisnè tumes cecidit Campania dives An populo Marathon millia quanta premit Sed tibi fortè animos perjurus proditor auget Aspice quàm stultum stulta sequare Ducem Sit licet ille ferox sit bellare peritus Sit licet ille potens improba causa sua est Vincitur ut causâ pariter vincetur Armis Bella placent justo non nisi justa Deo. CHAP. VII Of the Towns of Lower Hungary BUDA BEfore the Turks invaded Hungary the City of Buda was the Metropolis of the Kingdom the Ancients called it Curta and the Germans Offen It is divided into the Upper and Lower Town lying upon the side of a Hill the Foot whereof is washed by the Danube which at that place is above half a mile over It hath a Bridge of Boats over it that joins the City of Buda to the little Town of Pest lying on the opposite side In Buda are to be seen the Ruines of several stately Palaces built heretofore by Matthias Corvinus King of Hungary and his Predecessours which the Turks neglect and let fall into decay This is a large fair and well built Town but ill peopled and hath hardly any Inhabitants but the Spahies and Janisaries of the Garrison which is always very numerous After the Death of John Zapol Count of Scepus and Elba King of Hungary his Widow Elisabeth of Poland and his Son Stephen called in the Turks to their Assistance against Ferdinand of Austria who was elected King. The Germans besieged Buda and the Turks having defeated them made themselves Masters of the Town under pretext of Friendship sending the Queen her Son and George Martinisius who had been chief Minister to the late King into Transilvania This Town is the Residence of a Beglerbey whose Authority extends over twenty Sangiacks The Bassa of Buda hath more Authority than the others have and the Garrison consists commonly of eight or ten Thousand Men. Some take it to be the Curta of Ptolomy and others for the Aguincum of the Itinerary of Antonine It is very hard to be positive as to that and all that can be said are but Conjectures But it is a Fable that the Brother of Attila built it and called it by his Name Budaeus For that Brother of Attila was named Bleda and not Budaeus as the Fabulous pretend Solyman rendered himself Master of Buda the 20eth of August 1526. and in the year 1527. Ferdinand I. King of Bohemia Brother to the Emperour