Selected quad for the lemma: kingdom_n
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A31570
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Angliæ notitia, or The present state of England together with divers reflections upon the antient state thereof.; Angliae notitia. Part 1
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Chamberlayne, Edward, 1616-1703.
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1669
(1669)
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Wing C1819; ESTC R212862
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111,057
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538
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are 2 Clerks of the Avery or Avenry One Clerk of the Stable Three Surveyors 2 Gentlemen Riders 4 Yeomen Riders 4 Coachmen 8 Littermen a Sergeant of the Carriage 2 Sadlers a Squire Sadler and a Yeoman Sadler a Yeoman of the Stirrup 4 Yeomen Purveyors 4 Yeomen Granators a Sergeant Farrier 4 Yeomen Farriers a Yeoman of the Male a Yeoman Peckman a Yeoman Bilmaker a Yeoman of the Close Cart Sixty four Grooms of the Stable 26 Footmen in Liveries to run by the Kings Horse There is besides some other Officers not here named an Antient Officer in the Kings Houshold called Clerk of the Mercat who within the Verge of the Kings Houshold is to keep a Standard of all Weights and Measures and to burn all false Weights and Measures and from the Pattern of this Standard are to be taken all the Weights and Measures of the Kingdom There are divers other Offices belonging to the King of great importance which are not subordinate to any of the 3 fore-mentioned Great Officers as Master of the Great Wardrobe Master of the Ordnance Warden of the Mint c. and above all for profit is the Office of Post-Master settled by Act of Parliament on the Duke of York and worth about 20000 l. yearly but managed by the order and oversight of His Majesties Principal Secretaries of State who also are Principal Domestiques of the King of whom a farther account shall be given in the Chapter of the Kings Privy Council Master of the Robes is Laurence Hyde Esquire second Son to the late Lord Chancellour whose Office is to have in Custody all His Majesties Robes as those of Coronation of St. Georges Feast and of Parliament also the Custody of all His Majesties Wearing Apparel and of his Collar of Esses Georges and Garters beset with Diamonds Pearls c. Of this Office there is one Master 2 Yeomen 4 Grooms 3 Pages c. In the Court of King James there were many more Offices and to many Offices there belonged many more persons which King Charles the first much lessened and the present King now raigning hath yet lessened much more Of the Military Government in the Kings Court. AS in a Kingdome because Civil Governours proposing Temporal and Ecclesiastical Governours Eternal Rewards and Punishments are not sufficient to secure Peace therefore a Military force is alwayes in readiness so in the Kings Court besides Civil and Ecclesiastical Officers it is thought necessary alwayes to have in readiness Military Officers and Souldiers to preserve the Kings Person whereupon depends the Peace and Safety of all his Subjects Belonging peculiarly to the Kings Court besides above 4000 Foot and above 500 Horse who are alwayes in Pay and readiness to assist upon any occasion there are Guards of Horse and Foot The Horse Guard which the French call Garde du Corps the Germans Lieb Guardy we corruptly Life Gard that is the Gard of the Kings Body hath consisted of 500 Horsemen all or most Gentlemen and old Officers commanded by the Captain of the Guard now James Duke of Monmouth whose Pay is 30 s. a day and each Horseman 4 s. a day These Horse have been divided into Three Parts whereof 200 under the immediate Command of the Captain of the Guard 150 under Monsieur le Marquis de Blancfort and 150 under Sir Philip Howard whose Pay to each is 20 s. a day Under the Captain of the Guard are four Lieutenants Sir Thomas Sandis Sir Gilbert Gerard Major General Egerton and Sir George Hambleton the Cornet is Mr. Stanly Brother to the Earl of Derby also four Brigadeers The Office of the Captain of the Life Guard is at all times of War or Peace to wait upon the Kings Person as oft as he rides abroad with a considerable number of Horsemen well armed and prepared against all dangers whatsoever At home within the Kings House it is thought fit that the Kings Person should have a Guard both above and below Stairs In the Presence Chamber therefore wait the Gentlemen Pensioners carrying Pole-axes there are 50 who are usually Knights or Gentlemen of good Quality and Families their Office is to attend the Kings Person to and from his Chappel only as far as the Privy Chamber also in all other Solemnities their yearly Fee is 100 l. to each Over these there is a Captain usually some Nobleman at present the Lord Bellassis whose Fee is 200 l. yearly a Lieutenant Sir John Bennet his Fee 66 l. 13 s. 4 d. a Standard-Bearer Fee 100 l. a Pay-masters Fee 50 l. and a Clerk of the Check Again in the first Room above Stairs called the Guard-Chamber attend the Yeomen of the Guard whereof there are 250 men of the best quality under Gentry and of larger Stature wearing Red Coats after an Antient Mode bearing Halberds at home and Half-Pikes in Progress and alwayes wearing a large Sword Their Pay is daily 2 s. 6 d. Their Captain the Lord Grandison The Kings Palace Royal ratione Regiae Dignitatis is exempted from all Jurisdiction of any Court Civil or Ecclesiastical but only to the Lord Steward and in his absence to the Treasurer and Comptroller of the Kings Houshold with the Steward of the Marshalsey who may by vertue of their Office without Commission hear and determine all Treasons Felonies Breaches of the Peace committed within the Kings Court or Palace The Kings Court or House where the King resideth is accounted a place so sacred that if any man presume to strike another within the Palace where the Kings Royal Person resideth and by such stroke only draw blood his right hand shall be stricken off and he committed to perpetual prison and fined By the Antient Laws of England only striking in the Kings Court was punisht with death and loss of goods To make the deeper impression and terrour into mens minds for striking in the Kings Court it hath been ordered that the Punishment for striking should be executed with great Solemnity and Ceremony in brief thus The Sergeant of the Kings Woodyard brings to the place of execution a square Block a Beetle Staple and Cords to fasten the hand thereto the Yeoman of the Scullery provides a great fire of Coals by the Block wherein the Searing Irons brought by the Chief Farrier are to be ready for the Chief Surgeon to use Vinegar and Cold Water brought by the Groom of the Saucery the Chief Officers also of the Cellar and Pantry are to be ready one with a Cup of Red Wine and the other with a Manchet to offer the Criminal after the Hand cut off and the Stump seared The Sergeant of the Ewry is to bring linnen to wind about and wrap the Arm. The Yeoman of the Poultry a Cock to lay to it the Yeoman of the Chandry seared Clothes the Master Cook a sharp Dresser Knife which at the place of Execution is to be held upright by the Sergeant of the Larder till Execution be performed by an Officer appointed thereto
French Nation began to take Surnames with de prefixt as at this day is their usual manner The English also took to themselves Surnames but not generally by the Common People till the Raign of Edw. 2. At first for Surnames the English Gentry took the Name of their Birth-place or Habitation as Thomas of Aston or East-Town John of Sutton or South-Town and as they altered their Habitation so they altered their Surname After when they became Lords of places they called themselves Thomas Aston of Aston John Sutton of Sutton The Common People for Surnames added their Fathers Name with Son at the end thereof as Thomas Johnson Robert Richardson They also oft took their Fathers Nick Name or abbreviation with addition of s as Gibs the Nick Name or abbreviation of Gilbert Hobs of Robert Nicks of Nicholas Bates of Bartholomew Sams of Samuel and thence also Gibson Hobson Nickson Batson Samson c. Many also were surnamed from their Trade as Smith Joyner Weaver c. Or from their Office as Porter Steward Sheepheard Carter or from their Place of Abode as Atwood Atwell Athill which since are shrunk into Wood Wells Hill The Normans at their first coming into England brought Surnames for many of their Gentry with de prefixt as the French Gentry doth generally at this day and their Christian Names were generally German they being originally descended from a part of North Germany And some for about 200 years after the Conquest took for Surname their Fathers Christian Name with Fitz or Fils prefixt as Robert Fitz-William Henry Fitz-Gerard c. The Britains or Welsh more lately civilized did not take Surnames till of late years and that for the most part only by leaving out a in ap and annexing the p to their Fathers Christian Name as instead of Evan ap Rice now Evan Price so instead of ap Howel Powel ap Hughe Pughe ap Rogers Progers c. The most ancient Families and of best account for Surnames in England are either those that are taken from Places in Normandy and thereabouts in France and from some other Transmarine Countries or else from Places in England and Scotland as Devereux Seymour Nevile Montague Mohun Biron Bruges Clifford Berkley Darcy Stourton c. which antiently had all de prefixt but of later times generally neglected Of the Government of ENGLAND in general OF Governments there can be but three Kinds for either One or More or All must have the Soveragn Power of a Nation If One then it is a Monarchy If More that is an Assembly of Choice Persons then it is an Aristocracy If All that is the General Assembly of the People then it is a Democracy Of all Governments the Monarchical as most resembling the Divinity and nearest approaching to perfection unity being the perfection of all things hath ever been estemed the most excellent 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For the Transgressions of a Land many are the Princes or Rulers thereof Prov. 28. 2. Of Monarchies some are Despotical where the Subjects like Servants are at the Arbitrary Power and Will of their Soveraign as the Turks and Barbarians Others Political or Paternal where the Subject like Children under a Father are governed by equal and just Laws consented and sworn unto by the King as is done by all Christian Princes at their Coronations Of Paternal Monarchies some are Hereditary where the Crown descends either only to Heirs Male as in France or next of Blood as in Spain England c. Others Elective where upon the death of every Prince without respect had to the Heirs or next of Blood another by Solemn Election is appointed to succeed as in Poland and Hungary and till of late in Denmark and Bohemia Of Hereditary Paternal Monarchies some are dependent and holden of Earthly Potentates and are obliged to do Homage for the same as the Kingdoms of Scotland and Man that held in Capite of the Crown of England and the Kingdome of Naples holden of the Pope others independent holden only of God acknowledging no other Superiour upon Earth England is an Hereditary Paternal Monarchy governed by one Supreme Independent and Undeposable Head according to the known Laws and Customs of the Kingdom It is a Free Monarchy challenging above many other European Kingdoms a freedom from all Subjection to the Emperour or Laws of the Empire for that the Roman Emperours obtaining antiently the Dominion of this Land by force of Arms and afterwards abandoning the same the Right by the Law of Nations returned to the former Owners pro derelicto as Civilians speak It is a Monarchy free from all manner of Subjection to the Bishop of Rome and thereby from divers inconveniencies and burdens under which the neighbouring Kingdoms groan as Appeals to Rome in sundry Ecclesiastical Suits Provisions and Dispensations in several cases to be procured from thence many Tributes and Taxes paid to that Bishop c. It is a Monarchy free from all Interregnum and with it from many mischiefs whereunto Elective Kingdoms are subject England is such a Monarchy as that by the necessary subordinate Concurrence of the Lords and Commons in the making and repealing all Statutes or Acts of Parliament it hath the main advantages of an Aristocracy and of a Democracy and yet free from the disadvantages and evils of either It is such a Monarchy as by a most admirable temperament affords very much to the Industry Liberty and Happiness of the Subject and yet reserves enough for the Majesty and Prerogative of any King that will own his people as Subjects not as Slaves It is a Kingdom that of all the Kingdoms of the World is most like the Kingdom of Jesus Christs whose yoke is easie whose burden is light It is a Monarchy that without interruption hath been continued almost 1000 years and till of late without any attempts of change of that Government so that to this sort of Government the English seem to be naturally inclined and therefore during the late Bouleversations or over-turnings when all the art that the Devil or Man could imagine was industriously made use of to change this Monarchy into a Democracy this Kingdom into a Common-wealth the most and the best of English Men the general Spirit and Genius of the Nation not so much the Presbiterian or Royalist by mighty though invisible influence concurred at once to restore their exiled Soveraign and re-establish that antient Government Of the KING of ENGLAND THe King is so called from the Saxon word Koning intimating Power and Knowledge wherewith every Soveraigne should especially be invested The Title antiently of the Saxon King Edgar was Anglorum Basileus Dominus quatuor Marium viz. the British German Irish and Deucalidonian Seas and sometimes Anglorum Basileus omniumque Regum Insularum Oceanique Britanniam circumsacentis cunctarumque Nationum quae infra eum includuntur Imperator Dominus The Modern Title more modest is Dei Gratiâ of England Scotland