they died soon after they were married Pope Leo the same Year he died entred into a League with Charles the Emperor for expelling the French out of Italy upon condition that every Year upon S. Peter's Day the Emperor should for the Kingdom of Naples besides the White Hacaney pay 7000 Ducats and that the Kingdom of Sicily should be owned as a Feoffe of the Church paying only 15000 Ducats as it had used to do That till such time as the Pope were repayed his Expences in that War he should hold the Cities of Plasencia and Parma the Profits whereof were not to be deducted out of the Principal and that the Dukedom of Milan should be given to Francis Sforcia Afterwards followed the expulsion of the French and their return as was said the last Year The King of France lying before Pavia in which was Antony de Leyva and a good Garison of Germans the Emperor's Generals hasted to the Relief of the City These were Charles de Lanoy Viceroy of Naples Charles Duke of Bourbon and Ferdinand Davlos Marquis of Pescara who overthrew the French Army took the King and sent him Prisoner into Spain Henry d' Albret King of Navarre was also taken but he bribing his Keepers made his escape out of the Castle of Pavia In this Battel was slain the Marquis of Civita de Santangel whose Name was Ferdinand Castriot Great-Grandson to the most Renowned Scanderberg Prince of Epirus and Terror of the Turks His Reins not being chained were cut and his Horse ran with him into the midst of the Enemies where the King of France himself killed him with his Lance. This Battel was fought upon Friday the 24th of February being the Feast of the Apostle S. Mathias Anno 1526. Thus Europe for a while was delivered from the Desolation of War King Francis of France was Prisoner in the Castle of Madrid His Mother the Queen-Regent of France in his absence earnestly desiring her Sons Liberty sent her Daughter the Lady Margaret who had been Married to Charles Duke of Alençon into Spain to treat of some Accommodation She managed the business so well that on the 14th of January an Alliance was concluded between the King and the Emperor upon the following Conditions That from thence forward it should not be allowed the Flemings to Appeal to the King of France That the King of France should quit all his Pretensions to Milan Genoa and Aste That he should restore Burgundy to the Emperor That he should Marry Ellenor the Queen-Dowager of Portugal the Emperor's Sister and should have with her 200000 Duccats That he should Pardon Charles Duke of Bourbon And That all other Differences should be determined according to Equity The Duke of Bourbon had to Wife Susanna Grandchild to Lewis the Eleventh King of France and Daughter to Peter Duke of Bourbon and Anne the aforesaid King 's Eldest Daughter To him Charles last of the Duke of Anger 's had by his Will left his Dominions in France and his Title to the Kingdom of Naples Charles the Eighth Son and Heir to King Lewis left no Issue therefore the Duke of Bourbon tho he pretended not to the Crown as not being the next of the Male Line yet he insisted that all the Dominions that had accrued to the Crown by other means belonged to his Wife as next of Blood to the late Kings After her Death he pretended tho he had no issue to retain the Dukedom of Bourbon as next of Kin in the Male-Line to his Father-in-Law But the King's Mother urged that she was Neice to the said Peter of Bourbon being his Sister's Daughter and this Title prevailed The Treaty being concluded the King of France departed out of Spain leaving as Hostages acording to Agreement for performance of the Capitulation his two Sons Francis the Dauphine and Henry the Younger At Sevil on the 3d of March was celebrated the Marriage of the Emperor with Elizabeth eldest Sister to the King of Portugal D. Ferdinand of Aragon Duke of Calabria before set at Liberty and D. Alonso de Fonseca who had succeeded Cardinal William de Croy in the Archbishoprick of Toledo accompanied the Bride from the Borders of Portugal The Emperor had deprived Francis Sforcia of the Dukedom of Milan accusing him of being unfaithful and holding Correspondence with France Pope Clement to restore him and being himself offended because it was by Law established in Spain that Benefices should not be given to Strangers and that the Pope's Bulls should be examined in Council joined in League with the French and Venetians he also invited the King of England into the Confederacy and promised D. Ferdinand Davalos Marquis of Pescara and Governor of Milan if he would join with them to make him King of Naples which Kingdom he designed to Conquer These Practices were the cause of great and mighty Mischiefs that ensued Mean while the Marquis of Pescara died and leaving no Issue his Cousin D. Alonso Davalos Marquis del Gasto inherited his Title and Estate Solyman the Great Turk Son to Selymus overthrew in Battel near the City Buda King Luis of Hungary and by his Death not only the City Buda was lost but Contentions arising about the Succession the Kingdom was brought into great distress Part of the Nobility were for Ferdinand of Austria because he was Married to the late King's Sister and part stood up for John Sepusius Vayvode of Transilvania whence ensued grievous Wars Mary the Queen-Dowager having no Issue returned to Flanders Anno 1527. Cardinal Pompeius Colonna and Vespasian Colonna having raised Forces in the Territory of Rome and being joined by others sent by D. Hugo de Moncada Viceroy of Naples they had so streightned the Pope at Rome that he could scarce secure his Person or prevent the Soldiers Plundering the Sacred Palace After which Charles Duke of Bourbon with part of the Imperial Army marched out of Lombardy towards Rome designing to Plunder that City The Duke of Vrbin and Janetin de Medicis Father to Cosmo who was after Duke of Florence set out to oppose him but were overthrown passing the River Mincius and Janetin slain The Duke of Bourbon assaulting Rome was killed with a Musket Shot from the Walls nevertheless the Soldiers pursued their Design and Sacked the City laying Siege to the Castle of Santangelo whither the Pope and Cardinals retired The Emperor was at Valladolid when the News of this Disaster was brought to him he immediately caused the Publick Feasts and Rejoicing for the Birth of his Son Prince Philip born in that City the 20th of May to cease which was a Token of his Religious Zeal and that so great a Disorder had not happened with his knowledge On the other side the Florentins who mortally hated the Pope seeing him Distressed expelled out of their City the Family of Medicis and particularly Hippolito and Alexander who were the Chiefs of that House which was the Cause why
Queen Mother joyns them the King gets the better and Executes many of them p. 272 The Seventeenth BOOK Chap. I. THE beginning of the War in Aragon many Rebellious Nobles in Castile put to Death The War betwixt Castile and Aragon carry'd on by Sea and Land p. 275 Chap. II. The Kings of Castile and Aragon both call the Moors to their assistance The War is carry'd on vigorously on both sides The Castilians treacherous to their King He punishes many of them The Computation of Time in Aragon altered p. 277 Chap. III. The Death of Queen Blanch and D. Maria de Padilla Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon The War with the Moors and Death of their King The King of Aragon 's Daughter Marry'd to the King of Sicily p. 278 Chap. IV. Castile and Navarre joyn in League The War is carry'd on successfully against Aragon by King Peter of Castile who declares the Lady Mary de Padilla to have been his lawful Wife The Death of John King of France and Constance Queen of Aragon p. 281 Chap. V. Count Henry Proclaim'd King of Castile King Peter expell'd the Kingdom Refus'd Entertainment in Portugal gathers a Fleet in Galicia and flyes into France to the Protection of the English p. 282 Chap. VI. The War betwixt France Navarre and Aragon King Peter of Castile supported by the English in France is brought into Spain by the Prince of Wales with an Army Overthrows Henry the Vsurper and recovers his Kingdom p. 284 Chap. VII King Peter Excommunicated and Absolv'd Count Henry returns into Spain is again receiv'd by many Places Toledo opposes him and is Besieg'd King Peter comes to its relief is overthrown betray'd to and murder'd by Henry the Bastard p. 286 Chap. VIII Several Foreign Princes pretenders to the Crown of Castile War with Aragon Portugal and Granada Affairs of Aragon Sardinia and Navarre The League betwixt Portugal and Aragon p. 288 Chap. IX The Siege of Carmona The King of Portugal Marries the Lady Ellenor de Meneses Peace betwixt Castile Portugal and Navarre p. 289 Chap. X. Peace concluded betwixt Castile and Aragon Several Matches of Princes French and Spaniards Besiege Bayonne in vain The Papal Chair restored to Rome Death of Frederick King of Sicily p. 292 The Eighteenth BOOK Chap. I. THE Wars of Navarre Matches of some of King Henry 's Children The Schism in the Church caused by the Election of the two Popes Urban and Clement The Death of the King of Castile and of Mahomet the Moorish King of Granada p. 294 Chap. II. King John succeeds his Father in the Throne of Castile Charles King of France dies Charles VI. succeeds him Pope Clement own'd in Spain thro' the French Interest p. 296. Chap. III. Charles Duke of Durazzo Crown'd King of Naples The War with Portugal Peace concluded The King of Portugal dies Actions of the Aragonians and Catalonians in Greece and of the former in Sardinia p. 297 Chap. IV. Portugal full of Divisions about the Succession to the Crown King John of Castile having been Proclaim'd at Lisbon enters that Kingdom has many places deliver'd to him Besieges Lisbon but is forced to raise the Siege and return to Castile p. 299 Chap. V. John the Bastard Master of Avis Proclaim'd King of Portugal King John of Castile sends his Fleet then enters Portugal himself with an Army The famous Battle of Aljubarrota and rout of the Castilians p. 301 Chap. VI. The Portugueses make an Inroad into Castile and defeat a Body of Castilians The Duke of Lancaster lands at Corun̄a and takes several Towns The Death of the Kings of Naples Aragon and Navarre p. 303 Chap. VII Peace concluded with the English The Heir of Castile in imitation of the Prince of Wales in England is created Prince of Asturias A Truce with Portugal and the Moors King John of Castile kill'd by a Fall from his Horse p. 304 Chap. VIII John King of Aragon upon complaint of his Subjects complies with their demands Irruptions of the French into Aragon Henry III. Proclaim'd King of Castile The Form of Government appointed there during his Minority p. 307 Chap. IX The Contentions betwixt the Nobility of Castile about the Government They agree on a Settlement then alter it The Affairs of the Moors at Granada War renew'd with Portugal King Charles VI. of France runs distracted p. 308 Chap. X. The Divisions among the Nobility of Castile continue A Truce betwixt Castile and Portugal for 15 Years The Nobility at length pacify'd Sicily brought under the Aragonian Yoke p. 310 The Nineteenth BOOK Chap. I. KIng Henry takes upon him the Government The Cortes at Madrid Discontents among the Nobility The Death of the Master of Alcantara The Biscainers invade the Canary-Islands The Plague at Madrid p. 313 Chap. II. Another Rebellion in Castile quell'd by the King Pope Clement dies and Benedict XIII is Elected which continues the Schism The strange Death of John King of Aragon p. 315 Chap. III. The Queen of Navarre returns to her Husband The Earl of Faux invades Aragon The War betwixt Castile and Portugal renew'd Joseph King of Granada dies Mahomet his second Son Vsurps The Turks come over into Europe p. 317 Chap. IV. Two Franciscans Preaching to the Moors of Granada suffer Martyrdom The Truce with Portugal renew'd Two great Plagues in Spain and France The Year of Jubilee 1400. p. 319 Chap. V. The Death of the Queen of Sicily Of Tamerlan and Bajazet Pope Benedict again receiv'd in Castile The King of Castile has a Son born Pope Boniface dies Innocent VIII chosen at Rome p. 321 Chap. VI. Great Tumults in Aragon appeas'd by the Cortes A Battle betwixt the Castilians and the Moors The Cortes of Castile meet at Toledo and King Henry dies there A Notable Action of his p. 322 Chap. VII The Crown offer'd to Prince Ferdinand be refuses it John II. Proclaim'd King of Castile The Death of the Queen of Aragon The War of Granada Several Places taken by the Christians who also obtain a Victory at Sea p. 324 Chap. VIII The Murder of the Duke of Orleans by him of Burgundy The War carry'd on with the Moors and a Truce concluded Original of D. Alvaro de Luna Continuation of the Schism p. 326 Chap. IX The Death of Martin King of Sicily Several Pretenders to the Crown of Aragon Their several Claims Martin King of Aragon prefers that of his Nephew Prince Ferdinand of Castile tho' unjust p. 328 Chap. X. The Moors having done much harm in the Christian Territories Prince Ferdinand marches against them defeats them and takes Antequera and other Places Martin King of Aragon dies A Love Adventure p. 329 The Twentieth BOOK Chap. I. THE State of Christendom Nine Judges appointed in Aragon to decide the dispute about the Succession Arguments us'd by each of the Candidates The Government of King John of Portugal p. 332 Chap. II. Ferdinand Prince of Castile declar'd King of Aragon by the Judges and afterwards Proclaim'd at
Jews expelled Spain Pope Innocent VIII dies Alexander VI. succeeds him Navarre pacified Roussillon and Cerdagne restored to King Ferdinand p. 460 Chap. II Discoveries and Conquests of the Spaniards in the West-Indies Controversies arise betwixt the Crowns of Spain and Portugal concerning their Discoveries Roussillon and Cerdagne restored to King Ferdinand p. 461 Chap. III. Palma one of the Canary-Islands Conquered The Mastership of the three Military Orders annexed to the Crown of Castile The Original of the Neapolitan War The Death of Ferdinand King of Naples p. 464 Chap. IV. The French invade the Kingdom of Naples An Account of Luis Sforcia Duke of Milan The French King at Rome Alonso King of Naples Abdicates The French possess themselves of the Kingdom of Naples p. 465 Chap. V. The League against the French carried on with wonderfull secrecy The French King returns home The Venetians overthrown by the French King Ferdinand of Naples successful against them and recovers that Noble City p. 468 Chap. VI The Death of John II. King of Portugal The French quite expell'd the Kingdom of Naples Ferdinand King of Spain honoured by the Pope with the Title of Catholick King The posture of Affairs in Portugal under Emanuel the new King p. 469 Chap. VII The Death of Ferdinand King of Naples The Emperor passes into Italy The Popes Forces defeated by the Ursini The Death of the Duke of Gandia The Marriage of Prince John of Spain Proposals concerning setling the Kingdom of Naples p. 472 Chap. VIII Progress of the Portugueses Discoveries in the East Peter Covillam and Alonso de Paira sent to India by Land Vasca de Gama sent to discover India by Sea with four Ships His Voyage till he came to Calicut p. 474 Chap. IX A short but particular Account of India what happened to Vasco de Gama at Calicut His bold Enterprize there and a Relation of his return to Portugal p. 476 Chap. X. An Account of the Navigation of Vasco de Gama and of all the Coasts of Africk as they lay in his way Of the Island of Zocotora and of all the Coast of Asia as far as China and the Method observed by the Portugueses in Sailing thither p. 478 The Twenty Seventh BOOK Chap. I. THE Death of the Prince of Castile Of Charles VIII King of France Matches of two Daughters of Spain The Prince of Salerno expelled Naples France and Spain agree Hierom Savonorola burnt at Florence p. 480 Chap. II. The King of Portugal sworn Heir to the Crown of Castile Elizabeth his Queen delivered of a Son dies The Duke of Milan expelled his Dominions Vniversity of Alcala founded Rebellion of the Mountain Moors p. 481 Chap. III. The Birth of the Emperor Charles V. The French possess themselves of the State of Milan and take the Duke and his Brother the Cardinal The great Year of Jubelee 1500. The League betwixt France and Spain Cefalonia taken from the Turks p. 484 Chap. IV. King Ferdinand 's double dealing The Princess Mary of Castile Marry'd to the King of Portugal The French and Spaniards jointly subdue the Kingdom of Naples Actions of the Great Captain p. 486 Chap. V. The French and Spaniards fall at variance about divideing their Conquest The Description of the Kingdom of Naples Frederick King of Naples puts himself into the French King's hands French perish by Pestilence and stress of Weather The coming of the Arch-Duke into Spain p. 488 Chap. VI. Further Actions of the Great Captain at Naples The Duke of Calabria contrary to Articles sent into Spain The French and Spanish Generals consult their Kings and have a Conference to adjust Differences in the division of Naples The beginning of the War betwixt them p. 490 Chap. VII The Arch-Duke of Austria and Princess his Wife sworn Heirs of Aragon He goes away for Flanders The Spaniards offer Battle to the French several small Actions betwixt them The Spaniards decline in Calabria are defeated p. 492 Chap VIII Great Booty taken by the Spaniards as also the Sieur de la Palisse A Combat betwixt 13 French and as many Italians Several losses of the French The Marques del Gasto comes over to the Spaniards p. 494 Chap. IX The Peace concluded by the Arch-Duke with France It takes no effect Succours from Spain arrive at Naples The Lord Aubigni defeated and taken p. 496 Chap. X. The Battle of Cirinola and great overthrow of the French Almost all the Kingdom of Naples subdued by the Great Captain His Reception into that Noble City p. 497 The Twenty Eight BOOK Chap. I. THE Siege of Gaeta The Death of Pope Alexander VI. Pius III. chosen Practices of the Spaniards The French invade Roussillion p. 501 Chap. II. The French Besiege Saulses or as the Spaniards call it Salsas The Siege raised Nineteen Sail of Infidels destroyed Pope Pius III. dies Julius II. chosen The French Army marches thro' Italy Two Defeats given them p. 502 Chap. III. The City Gaeta surrendred A Truce betwixt France and Spain The Prefect of Rome submits to Spain The Nobility of Naples swear Allegiance to Spain and several Cities of Italy sue for its Protection Truce for 3 years betwixt France and Spain p. 505 Chap. VI. Perfidiousness of Duke Valentine who is as perfidiously sent into Spain by the Great Captain contrary to his Promise and he ill represented to the King Projects of Peace betwixt France and Spain come to nothing p. 507 Chap. V. The League betwixt the Emperor the Arch-Duke and King of France The League against the Venetians The Death of King Frederick of Naples and Queen Elizabeth of Castile Contention about the Government of Castile betwixt King Ferdinand and King Philip. Treaties with France p. 509 Chap. VI. King Ferdinand becomes odious to his People The posture of Affairs in Italy The Emperor and King Philip of Castile Ratifie the Peace with France King Ferdinand agrees with the French King p. 511 Chap. VII Mazalquivir in Africk taken from the Moors The Nobility of Spain divided for and against King Philip. The Agreement made betwixt the two Kings Ferdinand and Philip The latter in England p. 513 Chap. VIII The Affairs of Portugal A bloody Mutiny at Lisbon King Ferdinand Marries Queen Germana King Philip comes into Spain and declares against the Treaty with King Ferdinand Death of Christopher Columbus p. 515 Chap. IX The Spaniards and Flemings at variance upon their first Meeting King Ferdinand raises Forces pretending to rescue his Daughter Many forsake him and he is forced to quit Castile An Interview of the two Kings p. 517 Chap. X. The two Kings of Spain agree and join in League Joanna King Philip 's Queen Distracted thro' Jealousie Troubles in Castile King Ferdinand and his Queen go to Zaragoca Jealeusie started against the Great Captain King Philip dies p. 519 The Twenty Ninth BOOK Chap. I. THE Settlement made by the Nobility of Castile after the Death of King Philip. The Catholick King goes over to Naples His Reception
not ceas'd His Nobles were Mutinous and there was a report that the Moors of Africk made greater Preparations against Spain than they had ever done before Yet Peter Martinez the Admiral the last Year had taken Cadiz from the Moors by surprize There was some difficulty in maintaining that Island and therefore it was restor'd to the King of Morocco whose it was before by that means to oblige him King Alonso of Portugal sent his Son Denis then but 8 years old to his Grandfather the King of Castile to obtain of him that Portugal might be independant he quitting his Claim to any Homage from that Crown This was propos'd in an Assembly of the Nobility and oppos'd by none but D. Nun̄o Gonzalez de Lara the chief of the Malecontents Nevertheless the King carry'd it and Portugal was made Independant D. Nun̄o worse offended than before conspir'd against the King with D. Lope de Haro and Prince Philip the King's Brother Finding themselves too weak to carry on a Rebellion they sollicited Prince Henry who then govern'd Navarre to joyn with them but he excus'd himself with the absence of the King his Brother Being disappointed there those great Men sollicited the Kings of Portugal and Granada and even the Emperor of Morocco to joyn with them in making War upon Castile King Alonso was a Man of great sence but more fit for a Scholler than a King for whilst he Study'd the Heavens and Stars he lost the Earth and his Kingdom Understanding what was in hand by the information of Fernan Perez whom the Conspirators endeavour'd to engage to their Party he was much surpriz'd and apply'd his Thoughts to prevent the Mischiefs that threatned To this effect from Murcia where he then was he sent Henry de Arana his Embassador to endeavour some Accommodation with those Nobles who had then assembled themselves at Palencia to prepare for War He with the Queen went to Valencia to Confer with the King of Aragon That Prince like a wise Man having forseen the Storm that threatned Castile had at Burgos advis'd King Alonso not to proceed in making himself odious to his Subjects and that if he could not reconcile the Nobility he should gain the Commonalty and Prelates with whose assistance he might baffle all the designs of the others At this Conference nothing of moment was done King Alonso nevertheless was forc'd the next Year to return to Alicant to see the King his Father-in-law and desire he would withhold the Nobles of Aragon from joyning with the Rebels of Castile as they intended to do He also ask'd his advice for that the King of Granada made War upon Guadix and Malaga which Affair he ought first to take in hand King Jayme advis'd to observe the Treaty made with the Moors but that avail'd nothing for the King of Granada invited by the Rebels entred the Christian Territories burning and destroying all before him A Body of African Horse sent by Jacob Abenjoseph King of Morocco followed him Hereupon King Alonso orders his Son Ferdinand then at Sevil with all the Force he could make to oppose the Moors He himself went to Burgos to try if there were any means left to reduce the Rebels In that City the Cortes or Parliament met all those Mutiniers being summoned upon security of their Persons and for their greater safety the Hospital Royal without the City was appointed for that Assembly After several Conferences they were further from any Accommodation than before Their Passions swel'd to that height that many renouncing their Allegiance went away to Granada in the Year 1272. D. Nun̄o de Lara D. Lope de Haro and Prince Philip were the chief of the Conspirators Next to these Ferdinand de Castro Lope de Mendoça Giles de Roa Roderick de Saldan̄a besides a vast number of inferior Persons At their departure they burnt Towns and wasted the Country in token of their malice The King made hast to Toledo thence to Almagro and despairing of reducing the Rebels endeavoured to appease the King of Granada It this did not succeed he resolved to make War upon him with the greatest Force he could gather Whilst these things were acting in Castile Philip King of France Son to S. Luis added Poitiers and Toulouze to his Crown by Inheritance Not long after he expelled Roger Bernard Earl of Faux because he would not stand to Judgment This had like to have caus'd a War betwixt France and Aragon because that Earldom was a Feof of the latter The wisdom of King Jayme prevented it for he persuaded the Earl to submit himself to the King of France and so the dispute ended There were some apprehensions of Troubles within the Kingdom Peter the King 's eldest Son being offended at Ferdinand Sanchez his Bastard Brother for that in his return from the Holy-Land he had been nobly entertain'd by Charles King of Sicily and he suspected they had contriv'd something prejudicial to the Kingdom Ferdinand was at Burriana thither Peter came with a number of Soldiers and Ransack'd the whole House Mean while Ferdinand and his Wife Aldonça made their escape From this beginning greater Troubles arose the Nobility being divided between the two Brothers with such heat that Ferdinand's Party doubted not to raise War against the King himself All the Effect was that the Viscount of Cardona and other great Men lost their Estates Ferdinand Sanchez being taken by his Brother in the Castle of Pomar was Strangled and cast into the River Cinga The Head being taken off the other Conspirators were soon subdued But the Death of Fernan Sanchez hap'ned three Years later He left a young Son from whom the Family of Castro in Aragon descends To Roger Lauria King Jayme gave an Estate in Valencia because he had accompany'd his Daughter-in-law from the furthest parts of Italy This Gentleman proved a great Commander especially by Sea A Truce was concluded for many Years with Henry now King of Navarre his Brother Theobald dying without Issue The King of Aragon pretended a Right to Navarre but finding his own Subjects inclinable to Rebel thought good to agree with the Foreigners lest they should joyn with his People against him CHAP. X. Rodulphus of Ausburg chosen Emperor Henry King of Navarre dies his Daughter Joanna Inherits Alonso King of Castile agrees with his Nobles then goes into France to plead for the Empire before the Pope and returns re infecta KIng Alonso ardently desired to go over into Germany to take possession of the Empire and the more for that Richard his Competitor being dead the Electors were about choosing another This moved him to prepare for that Journey The wiser sort said it were better to settle the Kingdom at home Vain Men advised to carry an Army to subdue all that should oppose him in Germany Being resolved upon this Expedition he determined at any rate to Compound with the Moors of Granada and his own Nobles Mean while
to return into France by Land about Autumn dismiss'd many hir'd Ships they had iâ— the 〈◊〉 Roses to 〈…〉 Charges Mean while Roger Lauria Admiral of Aragon having takeâ— the 〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉 Part of Italy came with great speed to relieve the King of Aragon being come upon the Coast of Spain he fell upon the French Fleet then out of Port consisting of few Ships and those unprovided and so easily overthrew them John Scoâ—us the French â—dmiral was 〈…〉 with 15 Galleys 12 others fled to the Port of Roses whence they had 〈◊〉 Their 〈…〉 burnt not only them but the very Town such was their Consteâ—nation and fled to the Camp whither they carry'd the News of their Defeat The King of France finding all things more Difficult than he had expected and much griev'd with Sickness repair'd 〈…〉 and leaving a strong Garrison in it march'd with the remainder of his Army towards Roussillon On the Pyrenâ—an Mountains the whole Army was in great Danger the Aragonians having secur'd all the Passes in hopes to take the King of France who by reason of his Indisposition was carry'd upon Men's Shoulders Great loss was sustain'd much Baggage lost and what was worst of all the King fatigu'd with the Journey dâ—'d at Peâ—pignan on the 6th of 〈◊〉 His Body as he had order'd was carry'd to the Church of â—â— Denis near Pariâ—s His Son Philip the Fair or the Beautiful succeeded him being before that King of Navarre Upon the Departure of the French all the â—had taken was recover'd by the 〈◊〉 Besides Prince Alonso sâ—nt over by his Father to that effect took all the Island of Majorca in 〈…〉 that the King of it had joyn'd with the French 〈…〉 his own Brother The King of 〈◊〉 design'd to pursue his good Fortune and had new Design◠〈…〉 to strengthen himself when Death put a Period to all his Resolutions He dy'd at 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 8th Day of November in the Prime of his Age being but 〈…〉 Six Years old 〈…〉 the height of his Glory He was call'd the Great for that 〈…〉 Sicily to his Dominions and for his other memorable Exploits He was an 〈…〉 being of â—â— only Presence Presence of large Stature a generous Spirit well skill'd at all Weapons especially in wielding a Pole-Ax He had a particular Way of â—â—ining Peoples Affections with Good Words Courtesey and Liberality He leâ—t no other Reflection on himself but his lying under an Excommunication till the end of his Life the Thoughts whereof often perplexed him and particularly at the Hour of his Death He was resolv'd of that Scruple in the last Agâ—ny by the Arch-Bishop of Tarragona having exacted to Oath from him that he would for the future be obedient to the Church His Body was Buried in the Monastery of Santa Cruz which is near that Place His Children went D. Alonso the Eldest whom in his Will he appointed Heir of his Kingdoms without making particular mention of Sicily then Jayme 〈◊〉 Peter Elizabeth and the 〈◊〉 Constance all Born of Queen Constance his Wife Arnaldus de Vallanova a most famous 〈◊〉 of those times was with the King when he dy'd This Man and all his Works were afterwards condemn'd by the Inquisitions Tostatus affirms he attempted with Humour 〈◊〉 and other 〈◊〉 to form a Man and that tho' it took not effect he went a great way towards it 〈…〉 is not our Business to argue the Truth of this Assertion CHAP. VII The King of Castile and Portugal meet D. Lope de Haro flies to Navarre A Treaty in order to release the two Princes of Castile Charles Prince of Salerno set at Liberty France and Castile joyn against Aragon Denis King of Portugal his Issue THis Year unfortunate in the Death of so many Princes was in some measure bless'd with the Birth of Prince Ferdinand Son to the King of Castile and born at Sevil while his Father was gone to Badajoz to appease some Troubles that were in those Parts The Care of his Education was committed to Hernan â—once â—â— Leon a Man of great Note and Zamora was appointed for his Residence as being a Place 〈…〉 and Pleasant Moreover the following Year which was 1286 in the Cortes or Parliament he was sworn Heir to the Crownâ— which was his Father's chiefest Caâ—e both in respect he fear'd his Nephews as also because his Marriage with the Queen was illegal upon account of Consanguinity He endeavour'd to obtain a Dispensation but could never Prevail with the Popes the King of France always opposing it in favour of the two excluded Princes his near Kinsmen King Sancho labour'd by all means to gain his Good Will and to that purpose sent the same Embassadors who went to him the Year 〈◊〉 and were the Bishop of Calaherra and Abbot of Valludoliâ— Philip the 〈◊〉 King of France was Crown'd at Rheimes on the 6th of January In Sicily Prince Jayme as soon as he neard of the Death of his Father took upon him the Title of King of Sicily and Prince of Apulia and 〈◊〉 as being possess'd of a good Part of the Kingdom of Napâ—â—â— and hoping in a short time to be Master of all that remain'd Yet all places were well fortify'd and provided to oppose the Siciliaâ—â— though the Valour and Industry â—â— Robert Earl of Arras to whom the King of France after the Death of King Charles had committed the Care of the Kingdom of Naples 〈◊〉 the III. King of Aragon being sometime taken up in fitting out a Fleet to invade Majorca and Minorca as was left him in Charge by his Father delay'd his Coronation â—â— the 14th of 〈◊〉 being Easter Sunday He was crown'd at Zaragaca by the Bishop of 〈◊〉 the See of Tarragona whose that Honour was being then vacant and took the usual Oath to preserve the Liberties of the People The Expences of the Royal Family were retrench'd and at the Cortes or Parliament held at Huesca the King granted that Valencia sometime before annex'd to the Crown of Aragon should be govern'd according to the Law◠〈…〉 that Kingdom Gonçalo Archbishop of Toledo a Person of great Esteem with the King here him company to S. Sebastian in order to a Conference between him and the King of France but they met not However the Arch-Bishop was sent by King Sancho and the Duke of Burgundy by him of France to Bayonne where a Treaty of Peace was earnestly labour'd upon The French would give Ear to no Proposals unless King Sancho would put away his Wife to whom he was illegally Married by reason of their Consanguinity and Marry one of the King of France his Sisters which were 〈…〉 after Wife to Edward King of England and Blanch Marry'd to the Duke of Austria King Sancho would hot be perswaded to putaway a Virtuous Wife by whom he had a Son and â— Daughter so the Treaty broke off and he return'd to the Queen to Vitoria The King was highly affended at the
Abbot of Valladalid for that it was he who started that Discourse and consulted with the Queen how to be reveng'd They thought fit to call him to Aâ—â—ount for the administration of the Royal Revenue which he had Charge of and the Business was committed to the Arch-Bishop of Toledo King Sancho went away to Santiago in 〈◊〉 and by the way in the Monasterâ— of Sahagun finding that the Bonca of King Alonso the VIth and his two Queens Elizabeth and Mary were meanly laterred he â—â—us'd them to be put into decent Tombs with 〈…〉 Being return'd to Valladâ—lid he honour'd D. Lope Diaz de Haro â—â—rd of Biscay to whom chiefly he 〈…〉 Crown with the place of Lord Steward of his Household and his Standard heaâ—ery Besides he made him Governour of many Forth and on the 1st of January gave him the Title of an Earl all these Honours in remainder to his son James Lopez de Haro 〈…〉 de Haro Brother to D. Lope was made General of 〈…〉 Thus that Family increas'd Riches and Power and D. Lope became the King 's Favouriâ—â— all Things were govern'd according to his Will in so much that the other Nobles complain'd he tyranniz'd in the Name of King Sancho Paticularly the People of Leon and Gâ—â—cia found fault that he bestow'd all 〈…〉 upon his own Creatures D. Lope great yâ—t more Hanghty having marry'd his Daughter Mary to Prince John and endeavour'd to have the King put away his Queen that he might Marry his Consin Gulielma Daughter to â—astâ—n Earl 〈…〉 This was not at all pleasing to the King who had now by the Queen another Son call'd Alonso and therefore sought an Opportunity to â—ake off D. Lope yet fearing some Rebellion kept him close about his Person in the same Hâ—â—â—ur whilst he visited the Kingdom of Toledo and went to 〈◊〉 The Design of this burney was to 〈◊〉 the People of Galicia who had revolted and put a stop to the incursions of the 〈…〉 Prince Alonso the King of Portugal's Brother and D. Alvar NunÌ„oz de Lara Son to D. John de Lara a restless Man and us'd to live upon Rapine Prince Alonso was possess'd of the 〈◊〉 of Pertalegâ—â— and Roncaâ— on the Frontiers of Castile and Portugal 〈◊〉 Lope de Haro was lest to reduce the Rebels of Galicia The affair of Portugal was 〈◊〉 of between that King and him of Castile and they agreeing with joynt Forces laid Siege to Ronca destroy'd all the Country and oblig'd it to surrender The two Kings being together at this Siege the Portuguese advis'd the Castilian to take D. Alvar NunÌ„ez de Lara into Favour that his Greatness might serve as a check to D. Lope de Haro which was done accordingly D. Lope diving into that Design upon pretence of visiting his Cousin the Viscount of Bearne withdrew into Navarre The Navarrois were of themselves inclinable to make War against Castile and therefore upon his coming took up Arms. Clement Luna a Frenchman was then Viceroy of Navarre Many Incursions were made by the Navarrois as well into Castile as Aragon but nothing of Note was done except taking the Town of Salvatierra from the later The Aragonians made War into Italy with better success Roger Lauria a brave Commander and famous for his late Victories surpriz'd a mighty Fleet of the Enemy near Naples and after a sharp Dispute obtain'd a compleat Victory taking 42 Sale and 5000 Prisoners among which were many of Note Most of them were ransom'd only Guido de Montfort was not releas'd the Kings of England and Aragon being his 〈…〉 Enemies because this Man was Great Grand-son to Simon Earl of Montfort who as has been said overthrew and kill'd Peter King of Aragon in the War of Toulouze And Simon Grand-son to the other Simon took Richard Brother to King Henry of England Prisoner Guido also cruelly Murder'd Henry the Son of that Richard the Emperour in the Cathedral of Viterbo at Man in Revenge for his Father kill'd in Battle by Edward King of England The French and English Historians affirm 〈◊〉 Guido was deliver'd up to the King of England A Sicilian Writer of that Age positively says he 〈…〉 Sicily of a Disease which could not be cur'd without having to do with a Woman which he absolutely refus'd because he would not wrong his Wife Margueriâ—e who after his Death behav'd not her self so well as she ought to have done The Aragonians were now at Peace and famous for their Riches Strength and the memorable Action they had perform'd Only the King of Majorca â—â—â—ested the Coast of â—â—â—alonia but â—â— nothing Remarkable Alonso King of Aragon was renowned and had the Ballance of Peace and War in his Hands keeping the two rightful Princes of Castile Prisoners in Aragon and him of Salerâ—o in Sicily These Princes growing weary of their Confinement inclin'd to admit of any 〈…〉 so they might be enlarg'd and great Kings interceded for them Many 〈…〉 sent from France and Castile upon that Affair but the Authority of Edward King of England was of most Weight because the Aragonian sought to Marry his Daughter Ellâ—â—or â—â—ose Kings resolv'd to meet at the City Oloron in the Province of Bearne and there 〈…〉 of the King of England it was agreed that the Prince of Salerno should be set at Liberty within a Year upon these Conditions That the Kingdom of Sicily should remain to D. Jayme That he should prevail with the Pope to give his consent and take 〈…〉 censures under which the Kingdom of Aragon lay That he should Pay 30000 Marks of Silver That Charles of Valcis should quit his Pretensions to the Crown of Aragon given him by Pope Martin And that if all this were not perfor 〈◊〉 within the Term of three Years that Prince should return in Prison and in the mean while should give his Three Sons Robert Charles and Luis and Sixty Men of Note of 〈…〉 as Hostages Charles Prince of 〈◊〉 being set at liberty went over into France and thence into Tuscany and after having appeas'd the Tumults rais'd by the 〈◊〉 in Rodâ— was at last by Pope 〈◊〉 the IV th declared King of Apulia and Sicily and accordingly 〈…〉 Pope pretended the late Agreement was invalid being made without his Consent that Kingdom being an antient Fleâ— of the Church This highly perplexed the King of Aragon and the Wordâ— for that he understand that Sancho King of Castile was 〈…〉 to break 〈◊〉 him and joyn with the King of France the Queen and Arch-Bishop of Toledo favouring the French and many others oppos'd He â—â— many Troubles ensu'd and D. Lope de Haro dying â—â— shall be related but Friends and 〈…〉 fled to Aragon and were the 〈◊〉 of new Wars This 〈…〉 speedily with the French The Embassadors of both Kings and the Popes 〈…〉 at the â—â—ity Lyons in French and â—here they agreed Thâ—â— King Sancho should give to D. Alonso de la Cerda the Kingdom of Mâ—â—câ—â— upon Condition he
the Country want of Provisions and the Resolution of that People Some Hopes there had been of gaining D. James de Haro Brother to D. Lope by the means of Ruy Perez Ponce Master of Calatrava and the Lord-ship of Biscay was partly offer'd him but he chose rather to retire into Aragon resolving to stand by his Nephew All things were disposed for a Rupture when D. James de Haro Son to D. Lope dy'd very fortunately for King Sancho His Death caus'd the Affections of his Followers to cool and all Biscay which till then held out to submit to the Valour of James Lopez de Salzedo a Man in great esteem to whom that Affair was committed King Sancho having settled Biscay and put off the Interview with the King of France left his Brother Prince John Prisoner in the Castle of Burgos whence he was remov'd to Curiel and he himself being perplexed in Mind about the War with Aragon went to Sabugal a Town on the Frontiers of Portugal There he concluded a League with that King against the Aragonians and the out-Laws of Castile who prepar'd for War under Colour of restoring D. Alonso de la Cerda who stil'd himself King of Castile to his Grand-father's Kingdom These Things concluded King Sancho March'd with all the Forces he could gather to meet the Aragonians at Almaçan The Two Armies met in the Month of April 1289 but nothing remarkable was done Only Moron was taken by the Aragonians and Almaçan Besieg'd On the other side King Sancho entring the Frontiers of Aragon destroy'd all the open Country and burnt many Towns D. James Lopez de Haro in the same manner wasted all the Territory of Cuenca and Huete and defeated a Party of the Enemy near Pajaron killing Redorick de Sotomayor Commander of the Castilians D. James sent the Colours taken to the City Tiruel One Misfortune still follow'd upon the Neck of another and the Innocent People suffer'd for these Quarrels of the great Ones Most Cities sided with King Sancho but at Badajoz there happen'd a great Tumult That City of old was divided into Two Factions the Bejarani and the Portugueses The Bejarani being expell'd the City by their Enemies apply'd themselves to the King for Redress he order'd they should be restor'd but the Portugueses obey'd not Hereupon the Bejarani having gather'd a good Force kill'd many of their Adversaries and forc'd the rest to quit the Place This done they fortify'd themselves in the upper Part of the City and proclaim'd D. Alonso de la Cerda King King Sancho highly offended hereat laid Siege to the Town which presently surrender'd having Articled only for Life Contrary to Agreement 4000 Men and Women were put to the Sword The same happen'd to Talavera a considerable Town in the Kingdom of Toldo upon the same Account 400 of the principal Inhabitants were publickly Quarter'd at the Gate which for that Reason was ever since call'd the Gate of Quarters This the Inhabitants have by Tradition tho no Author makes mention of it These Two Towns serv'd for an Example to all others The following Year 1290 it was again agreed the Kings of France and Castile should meet They both accordingly came on the Day appointed to Bayonne The chief Points agreed upon at this Interview were That the King of France should desist giving any farther Protection to the two Princes of Castile That he should renounce all Claim and Title to that Crown as Great Grandson to Queen Blanch. And that both Kings should make War upon Aragon At the same time Tolosa Segura and Villafranca which began to be Rebuilt in Biscay in the time of King Alonso were now finish'd by King Sancho as appears by publick Instruments sign'd at Vitoria and Valladolid whither the King went from Bayonne The King of Aragon finding himself too weak to make Head against France Castile and Italy inclin'd to Peace notwithstanding Charles King of Naples did not perform his Promise at which the King of England who had procur'd his Liberty was highly offended All Parties had recourse to the Pope laying their Case before him He answer'd he would send Legates who having heard them all should endeavour to reconcile these Differences Benedict Colona and Gerard de Parma two Cardinals were sent into France to this Purpose Mean while Charles King of Naples and the King of Aragon upon Security given on both Sides met at Junquera a Town in Catalonia There they concluded a Truce for some Months whilst the Cardinals could settle a Peace which both earnestly desir'd King Charles that he might recover Sicily and the Aragonian to take off that long Interdict under which his Kingdom lay and put an end to the War with France that he might be at Leisure to bend his Force against Castile CHAP. IX The revolt of D. John Nunnez de Lara The Death of the King of Aragon His Brother Jâ—â—me succeeds him Matches betwixt the three Kings of Spain Defeat of the Moors at Sea Original of the Dukes of Medina Sidonia D. John NunÌ„ez de Lara began again to incline to take part with the Aragonians either out of his natural Inconstancy or because some Overtures were made of restoring Albarazin to him King Sancho understanding of what Consequence his stay or departure might be did all he could to oblige him and therefore made him General of the Frontiers of Aragon and bestow'd other Favours upon him All prov'd ineffectual and the more for that at Burgos where the Court then was Letters were brought him intimating some Design against his Person whether true or false is not known D. John who was naturally jealous gave Credit to those Letters and withdrawing from Court went away nastily through Navarre to Aragon notwithstanding the Queen us'd means to stop him and the King himself went after him as far as Valladolid As soon as D. John had joyn'd the other Conspirators he enter'd Castile and did all the harm he could as far as Cuenca and Alarcon A Body of King Sancho's Forces coming to oppose him was defeated and many Colours taken after which he forc'd the Town of Moya and return'd to Valencia with a great Number of Prisoners and Cattle From thence the King of Aragon D. James de Haro and D. John de Lara made an Incursion by the way of Molina Signença Berlanga and Almaçan and destroy'd all the Country without meeting any Opposition King Sancho endeavour'd to put a stop to this Mischief but an Ague kept him in such a Condition he could neither Act nor give the necessary Orders insomuch that he was given over by the Doctors The Queen who was lately deliver'd of a Prince call'd Peter tho' not perfectly recover'd set out to see the King Her Presence was comfortable to him and produc'd good Effect She reduc'd D. John de Lara who now repented his Change being disappointed of recovering Albarazin It was agreed that Elizabeth Daughter to the Lady Blanch and the Queen's Brother
Shout calmly said I thought the Enemy had entred the City and so return'd to Dinner with his Wife without the least sign of Concern The Moors desparing of Success since they could not move the Governour by the Death of his only Son return'd into Africk Besides they restor'd the City of Algezira to the King of Granada to the great Satisfaction of the Christians who fear'd that might serve as an Inlet to the African Moors About this time Prince Henry the King's Uncle who had been long a Prisoner at Naples arriv'd in Spain was received with much Joy by the King and they both went together from Burgos into Biscay to oppose D. James de Haro who with Assistance out of Aragon endeavour'd to recover that Province Having expell'd him the Country they return'd to Valladolid and thence to Alcalà de Henares There the King receiv'd the News of what had happen'd at Tarifa whereupon in the Month of January 1295. the King wrote a Letter to Alonso Perez de Gusman extolling his Loyalty and Bravery comparing him to Abraham in Sacrificing his Son giving him the Title of the Good to be annex'd to his Sirname and inviting him to Court The Original Letter is preserv'd to this Day by the Dukes of Medina Sidonia Three Months after on the 25th of April the King dy'd at Toledo He fell Sick at Alcala and was carry'd on Mens Shoulders to Toledo to see if change of Air would contribute to his Recovery but nothing avail'd He Reigned 11 Years and 4 Days was Resolute Wise Subtle and not a little Cruel He appointed his Son Ferdinand the 4th of the Name to Succeed him and the Queen to govern during his Minority notwithstanding she was not his Lawful Wife by reason of Consanguinity there being no Dispensation granted them Next to the Queen D. John de Lara had all the Power which was done to oblige him and prevent Troubles The King's Body was bury'd in the Royal Chappel of the Cathedral In the time of King Sancho two famous Civilians flourish'd who were William Galvan̄ in Aragon and Garcia Hispanus in Castile At this time Boniface the VIII sat in the Chair of S. Peter being Successor to Pope Celestile the V. he who being brought from the Desert and appointed to govern the Church after 6 Months Abdicated the Papacy an Example extoll'd and admir'd by many but imitated by none Therefore the more was his Successor to blame who brought him back when he was returning to his Solitude and cast him into Prison where he dy'd a Year and half after and was Canonized by Pope Clement the Vth. Boniface this same Year also Canonized Luis King of France Now by the Industry of Pope Boniface who was a great Scholar and States-man that was brought to pass which had been labour'd for so many Years in Vain which was the Peace betwixt France and Aragon To effect this there met at Agnanl the Pope Charles King of Naples and the Embassadors of France and Aragon Men of the first Quality The Conditions were these viz. That the King of Aragon marry Blanch the Daughter of the King of Naples That her Portion be 70000 Pound weight of Silver That Sicily and all the Aragonians are possess'd of in Calabria be restor'd to the See of Rome That if the Sicilians shall refuse to submit the King of Aragon be oblig'd to furnish such a Number of Troops as shall be appointed by Arbitrators towards subduing of them That Charles of Valois renounce the Title he pretends to have to the Kingdom of Aragon That the Pope absolve all that lye under any Ecclesiastical Censures upon account of these Differences That the Hostages be set at Liberty At the Instance of the Pope and King of France it was granted the King of Majorca should be restor'd to his Kingdom This is what was spoken in Publick In Private the Pope gave a hint of delivering the Islands of Sardinia and Corsica to the King of Aragon as lying Opportunely for him being near to Spain There is still a Bull of Pope Boniface extant to this effect dated the 27th of June The News of this Treaty being spread Abroad fill'd all Christendom with Joy Only the Sicilians were griev'd at it for they look'd upon it as the greatest of Misfortunes to return under the Subjection of the French Prince Frederick to whom his Brother at his Departure had left the Government of the Island and with him Roger Lauria John Prochita and Manfredus Lança all Men of great Note went to attend the Pope at Rome by his Order because they were concern'd at the late Agreement The Pope promis'd to marry Prince Frederick to Catharine Daughter to Philip and Grandchild of Baldwin the Emperor of Constantinople and offer'd the Empire of Greece which he hop'd to regain as a Portion provided he would not oppose what had been Capitulated The Offer was not contemptible had the Effect been suitable to the Promise After the Sicilians had with repeated Instances implor'd the Assistance of the King of Aragon without any Success in a general Assembly held at Palermo they proclaim'd Prince Frederick King Nevertheless his Brother King Jayme marry'd his new Bride at Villabeltran in October The Lady Elizabeth to whom he was before contraction was sent back to Castile He also publish'd a Proclamation commanding all the Aragoniant that were in Sicily to return Home Thus those Troubles were compos'd Peace was restor'd to Aragon and Sicily was not quite lost against which a great Storm was gathering Navarre was quiet under the Dominion of France Hugo de Constens Marshal of Champagne a Frenchman was Viceroy Honours and Employments were indifferently given to the Natives and Frenchmen which somewhat mitigated the dislike of those People since tho they were govern'd by Strangers they did not take to themselves all Employments of Profit and Trust The End of the Fourteenth Book THE History of SPAIN The Fifteenth BOOK CHAP. I. New Troubles and Wars in Castile where Prince Henry takes the Government from the Queen Prince John Proclaim'd King of Leon and Galicia Castile invaded by the Moors Portugueses and Aragonians THE Affairs of Castile were now in a very unsetl'd posture the Nobility being divided each striving to exert his Authority according to his Power and the Commons in Confusion gaping after Novelties Robberies Murders and all sorts of Crimes were committed The Queen was slighted by reason of her Sex and the King was not regarded because of his Age notwithstanding he had been proclaim'd the day after his Father's Death with all the Solemnity usual in like cases The Queen immediately caus'd the Excise upon Provisions to be taken off This Excise had irritated the People against her Husband King Sancho and now oblig'd them being taken off so that they continu'd firm to their Prince All the Neighbouring Princes were in a readiness to make their Advantage of the King's Minority D. John Nun̄ez de Lara
the Office fell to nothing tho' afterwards for some years the Archbishops appointed Deputies to execute it and now they have only the bare Title of Lords Chancellors of Castile D. John the Archbishop increas'd the number of 13 Poor maintain'd at the House of those Prelates to 30 which holds to this day The King of Aragon in persuance of the Popes Grant was resolv'd to possess himself of the Island of Sardinia then subject to the Republick of Pisa To this purpose he sent his Son D. Alonso who in the term of two years Conquer'd it defeating those of Pisa in several Encounters Yet most of the Aragonians dy'd through the unhealthfulness of the Country Prince Peter younger Brother to Alonso mov'd by the fresh example of Castile and the favour of many Nobles hop'd if his Brother dy'd in that Expedition to exclude his Sons and inherit the Crown which he understanding soon concluded a Peace with Pisa in the Month of June 1324. upon these Conditions That Prisoners on both sides be set at liberty That Trade be restor'd That the Castle of Caller with all its Territory remain to the People of Pisa That all the rest of the Island belong to the Aragonians This done he came over into Spain and prevail'd with his Father to declare his Sons Heirs of the Crown notwithstanding he should dye before them in the Cortes at Zaragoça and there the Oath of Fidelity to them as Heirs was accordingly taken The following 1325. in January and at Santarem dy'd Denis King of Portugal a Prince famous for the long time he Reigned which was 45 Years 9 Months and 5 Days as also for his continual Prosperity till the latter end of his Reign when it was disturb'd by his Son He was bury'd in the Monastery of St. Bernard built by himself a League and half from Lisbon Queen Elizabeth his Wife liv'd 11 Years after him and dy'd on the fourth of July 1332. She was afterwards Canonized for her extraordinary Virtue and Acts of Piety Alonso King Denis his eldest Son succeeded him and was call'd the Brave for his Love to Martial Affairs Of six Children he had three dy'd young which were Alonso Denis and John Mary Peter and Ellenor outliv'd their Parents This year dy'd Sancho King of Majorca at Cerdagne and because he had no Children appointed D. Jayme his Brother Ferdinand's Son his Heir The King of Aragon pretended it belong'd to him by his Grandfather's Will who was the first that erected that Kingdom Jayme had the possession but the Aragonian was powerful therefore at the instance of Philip the late King's Brother by him appointed Governour during the Minority of D. Jayme it was agreed That D. Jayme should Marry Constance Grandchild to the King of Aragon who should give her in Dower the Right he pretended to that Crown Castile was not yet quiet which caus'd King Alonso tho' naturally merciful to punish some Heads of Mutineers whence he got the Name of the Revengeful D. John the Lord of Biscay who aspir'd to marry the Lady Blanch for her great Estate and design'd to call D. Alonso de la Cerda out of France to stir up new Troubles was the first that suffer'd The King upon pretence of making War against the Moors call'd D. John to him and made some Overtures of giving him his Sister Ellenon in Marriage He came to Court on the Day of all Saints in the year 1327 and being invited to a Feast was there put to Death by the King's Order One only Daughter he had then at Nurse was carry'd to Bayonne then in the Hands of the English Mary his Mother who was in the Monastery of Perales sold all the Lordship of Biscay to Garcilasso de la Vega. Yet the King being afterwards appeas'd the Heiress of that Estate was marry'd to D. John de Lara and had the Lordship of Biscay restor'd to her The Towns and Forts D. John had by Inheritance which were above 80. were either taken by Force or Surrender'd and annex'd to the Crown D. John Manuel commanded in the Frontiers against the Moors and tho he did not much confide in the King yet he carry'd on the War vigorously The Infidels had not long before surpriz'd the Castle of Rute and design'd an Incursion into Andaluzia under their General Osmin then reconcil'd to the King D. John ingag'd them near the River Guadalhorça routed them and killed a great Number After this Victory he retir'd to his Estate much Discontented for that the King put away his Daughter Constance and marry'd Mary Daughter to the King of Portugal This was highly resented by D. John and the King of Aragon Uncle to the Lady Constance Alonso the IVth at this time was King of Aragon his Father King Jayme the IId dying at Barcelona where he was bury'd the Day after D. John the Lord of Biscay was put to Death in Castile The Lady Teresa the King's Daughter in Law dy'd 5 days before him at Zaragoça and was there bury'd in the Monastery of S. Francis D. Alonso who succeeded King Jayme had by his Wife the Lady Teresa these Children Peter Jayme and Constance for four others dy'd in their Infancy King Jayme ordain'd that the Principalities of Drago Catalonia and Valencia should never be parted He was so great an Enemy to Law-Suits that he for ever banish'd Ximeno Rada a great Lawyer by whose Contrivance many had suffer'd in their Estates Charles the Fair King of France and Navarre dy'd at Bois de Vincennes on the first of February 1328. His Queen 3 Months after his Death was deliver'd of a Daughter call'd Blanch. By the Laws of France she could not inherit the Crown therefore a Son of Charles de Valois who dyed two years before the King call'd Philip Cousin German to the three late Kings on the one side and Edward King of England as Son to the Lady Elizabeth Sister to those three Kings on the other pretended to that Crown The States of the Kingdom according to the Salique Law proclaim'd Philip de Valois whence ensu'd bloody Wars betwixt those two Nations and the Kings of England took the Title of Kings of France and quarter'd the Flower de Luces in their Arms. Navarre was more Fortunate for it was deliver'd from the Dominion of France Joanna the Daughter of King Luis Hutin marry'd the Earl of Eureux call'd Philip and they were proclaim'd King and Queen of Navarre at Pamplona by the general consent of all People that Lady having the undoubted Right to the Crown by her Mother The King of France made no Opposition as well in regard to her Title as because the Earl was his near Kinsman being Great Grandson to S. Luis King of France Before the Government was well setled the People of Navarre mutiny'd and were so outragious against the Jews that in only the Town of Estela 10000 are said to have been kill'd perhaps there may be
equipp'd to the Assistance of the King of Tremecen his Ally They met 5 Galleys of Castile which took and carry'd them to Sevil there many of them with their Commander Mathew Merzero were put to Death by the King's Order Samuel Levi a Jew was the King's Treasurer and had the diposal of all the Revenue whereby he gather'd great Riches which now prov'd his Ruin He was accus'd of many Frauds and being put to the Wrack dy'd upon it The King seiz'd upon his Estate valu'd at 400000 Ducats others say more besides Moveables and Jewels At the end of this Year Mahomet Lagus was expell'd his Kingdom by his own Subjects Mahomet Aben Alhamar was set up in his Place and from the Colour of his Hair and Beard call'd the Red. They said the Crowa appertain'd to him as being descended of the Antient Kings of Granada Hence ensu'd new Wars for the King of Castile was a Friend to him that was depos'd who fled to Ronda a Town belonging to the King of Morocco The King of Castile resolv'd to stand by his old Friend On the other side the new King to strengthen himself sought the Friendship of the Aragonian which and calling King Abohanen out of Africk cost him his Life At the end of this Year the Lady Constance Daughter to the King of Aragon was sent into Sicily to be marry'd to King Frederick Olfo Prochita Governour of the Island Sardinia commanded the Fleet that carry'd her The Marriage was celebrated on the 11th of April 1361 at Catanea From that time the Affairs of the Island began to be more Successful the Neopolitans being vanquish'd and expell'd the Kingdom Of this Queen was born the Lady Mary who was afterwards Queen of Aragon and had in Dower the Kingdom of Sicily At length by the Industry of the Cardinal Legate Peace was concluded in Castile yet so that none thought it would be lasting The Articles were That all Places taken on both Sides should be restor'd and that the Out-laws of Castile should be expell'd Aragon provided the King pardon'd them On the 18th of May the Peace was Proclaim'd at Deza where the King of Castile was then encamp'd This Peace was forwarded by the fear of the War the King of Granada then made upon Castile For the greater security it was agreed that cautionary Towns on both sides should be put into the Hands of King Charles of Navarre who was then coming out of France into Spain very Joyful for that his Queen had brought him a Son call'd Charles Mean while his Brother Prince Luis Govern'd the Kingdom Peace concluded the King of Aragon went away to Zaragoça and he of Castile to Sevil Count Henry and his Brothers into France hoping to renew the War Many Nobles of Castile were ready to take up Arms upon pretence of protecting Queen Blanch which heightned the King's hatred towards her It was said he caus'd her to be Poison'd in the Prison where he kept her She was doubtless the most unfortunate Queen of Spain There is a report that the King being a Hunting near Medina Sidonia there met him a Shepherd of a terrible Aspect threatning him if he had not Compassion of Queen Blanch and that the King sending presently to see whether it was not some body employ'd by her she was found at Prayers and closely Guarded The Shepherd being releas'd out of Prison was never after seen Doubtless were this a Vision he had never been put into Prison The Lady Elizabeth de Lara Daughter to D. John de Lara was also Poison'd in Prison at Xerez An Historian who stiles himself head Caterer to Queen Ellenor of Castile in certain Commentaries he writ upon what happen'd in his Time says Queen Blanch dy'd at Vren̄a near the City Toro in old Castile This uncertainty as to the Place of her Death makes it appear the manner of it is not so certain tho the Malice of Authors who all humour'd the Success of Henry the Bastard caus'd all Crimes to be laid to his Predecessor Peter because he was Unfortunate The publick Grief for so many Calamities was somewhat asswag'd by the Death of Da. Maria de Padilla who ended her Days at Sevil in July A Woman laying aside her Incontinency in all other Respects worthy to be a Queen Her Funeral-Rites were perform'd throughout the Kingdom with the same Magnificence as if she had been Queen She was bury'd in the Monastery of S. Mary de Estudilla which she built in old Castile The Body of Queen Blanch was deposited in the Cathedral of Tudela by some French Gentlemen who came to the Assistance of Count Henry in order to carry it into France In the Monastery of Dominican Nuns at Toledo there are 3 Tombs one of the Lady Teresa by whom King Peter had a Daughter called Mary who was many Years Prioress in that Monastery and lies in the 2d Tomb. In the 3d are D. Sancho and D. James Sons of King Peter by the Lady Elizabeth At this time the King of Portugal solemnly declar'd in Lisbon that the Children he had by the Lady Agnez de Castro were born in lawful Wedlock and as such capable of inheriting the Crown and as Witnesses of his Marriage he produc'd Giles Bishop of Guardia and Stephen Lovata his Master of the Robes The King and Witnesses made Oath of the Truth of their Assertion in the Presence of all the Nobility and of John Alonso Tello the year before created Earl of Barcelos and was the first that obtain'd that Honour in Portugal Mean while the War of Granada was carry'd on with great Heat The Forces of Castile ravag'd the Territories of the Moors and laid Siege to Antequera formerly call'd Syngilia a strong and well Garrison'd Town whence they were Repuls'd Having wasted the Plain of Granada they return'd Home without performing any memorable Action Soon after 600 Moorish Horse and 2000 Foot broke into the Lieutenancy of Caçorla and took a great Booty of Cattle The Gentry of Jaen and the Neighbouring Places assembling recovered the Prey killing many of the Enemy and putting the rest to Flight A more dangerous War was expected from France which the Cardinal Legate endeavour'd to prevent and to that effect spent the Summer at Pamplona He labour'd to perswade King Peter to pardon the Out-laws of Castile and reverse their Attainder of Treason The King would not hear of it therefore the Cardinal at the Solicitation of the King of Aragon took upon him to declare their Attainder Void This provok'd the King of Castile who resolv'd to take Revenge as soon as he had put an end to the War with the Moors On the 18th of February 1362 the Moors obtain'd a notable Victory over the Christians near Guadix D. James Garcia de Padillu Master of Calatrava and Henry Enriquez Lieutenant of the Frontiers of Jaen with other Gentlemen entred the Moorish Territories with 1000 Horse and 2000 Foot designing to
of Castile whom Farax Reduan serv'd with 600 Moorish Horse sent by the King of Granada Count Henry was daily expected out of France with 3000 Lances yet all the Power of Aragon was Inferior to that of Castile wherefore Taraçona Tervel Segorbe Exerica and many other Places surrender'd The Castilians without Opposition peirc'd into the Heart of the Kingdom and took Monviedro On the 20th of July they besieg'd Valencia In Aragon they gave themselves for lost when Count Henry arriving reinforc'd their Army so that they durst advance towards the Enemy But the Army of Castile being much weaken'd with Garrisoning the Towns taken the King would not hazzard a Battel and therefore retir'd to Monviedro The Aragonian perceiving he could not draw the Enemy to a Battel retir'd to Burrlanna a strong Town 2000 Horse were sent by the King of Castile to disturb their March but they did nothing worth taking notice of Whilst these Things were in Agitation in Spain King John of France dy'd at London whether he went to ransom the Hostages left there when he was releas'd His Son Charles the Vth. succeeded him Charles the new King was an utter Enemy to him of Navarre therefore as soon as he was possess'd of the Kingdom he sent Bertran Claquin a famous General with an Army to invade his Territories in France This General took several Towns and overthrew in Battle Philip the King's Brother who soon after dy'd His death mov'd the King of Navarre to propose a Peace betwixt the Kings of Spain Besides he began to pity his Kinsman the King of Aragon and was envious of the Success of the Castilian Hereupon Luis the King of Navarre's Brother and the Abbot of Fuscan the Popes Nuncio went to treat with the King of Castile and found with him the Count de Denia and Bernard de Cabrera Embassadors from the King of Aragon These Gentlemen mollify'd the King of Castile's Heart especially by proposing two Matches one for him with Joanna Daughter to the King of Aragon the other for his Daughter Beatrix with John Duke of Girona Heir of that Crown This is what was propos'd publickly Underhand the death of Henry Earle of Trastamana and Prince Ferdinand of Aragon were contriv'd but the King of Aragon was unwilling to condescend Nevertheless whether it was to please the King of Castile or for any other Reason Prince Ferdinand was put to death at Castellon a Town near Burriana The old Animosities were reviv'd and he was about making his escape into France with some Castilians that follow'd him His Wife flying towards Portugal was taken by the way and afterwards sent to her Father Count Henry was not a little pleas'd at the death of Prince Ferdinand as being thereby deliver'd of a powerful Competitor in his pretensions to the Crown of Castile But his Joy had like to be but short for the next day he was in evident Danger of his Life without knowing any thing of it The Kings of Aragon and Navarre had agreed to meet together with Count Henry in the Castle of Vncastel belonging to the Aragonian on the Borders of Navarre and there to kill him The Count tho ignorant of the Design was jealous and would not go into the Castle To satisfy him John Ramirez de Arellano was made Governour of the Place in whom doubtless the Count had some Confidence and went thither upon his patole Some say this Meeting was at Sos on the Frontiers of Navarre This Caution sav'd Count Henry's Life for the Kings could not prevail with the Governour to suffer him to come to any harm He said the Count was his Friend and besides he had ingag'd his Honour to him and therefore on no account would blast his Reputation with the Name of Treachery About this time Constance Queen of Sicily ended her days at Catanea She left one Daughter called Mary who afterwards inherited her Father's Kingdom which in her right came to Martin Her Husband the Son of another Martin Duke of Monblanc and lastly King of Aragon The Treaty of Peace being broke up the King of Aragon went to Catalonia to provide for his defence He of Castile return'd to Sevil with such eager Desire of renewing the War that about the end of the Year he enter'd the Kingdom of Valencia took the Towns of Alicant Muela Gallosa Denia Gandia and Oliva and in the Month of December laid Siege to Valencia the Metropolis of that Kingdom CHAP. V. Count Henry proclaimed King of Castile King Peter expelled the Kingdom Refus'd entertainment in Portugal gathers a Fleet in Galicia and flies into France to the protection of the English THE King of Aragon who kept his Christmas at Lerida was much surpris'd at this Advance of the Castilians On the 23d of February 1364 he had a Conference with the King of Navarre at Sos. Count Henry was there being reconcil'd to the Two Kings or what is likelyest not knowing what had been design'd against him They make a Confederacy which was not lasting Castile they divided among themselves The King of Navarre was to have Biscay and old Castile he of Aragon the Kingdoms of Murcia and Toledo Count Henry all the other parts Only Bernard de Cabrera lik'd not these Proceedings therefore they resolv'd to kill him which was not so private but he had some notice of it and fled to Navarre Count Henry sent some Officers after him by whom he was apprehended at Carcastillo and deliver'd to the King of Aragon That King having gather'd his Forces march'd to raise the Siege of Valencia The Castilians would not come to a Battel but kept within their Intrenchments and so the Aragonians got into Valencia The Fleet of Castile consisting of 24 Galleys and 46 Ships sail'd to Monviedro there they understood that the Viscount Cardona was with 17 Galleys of Aragon in the River of Cullera The King of Castile made thither resolving to take them but at the Mouth of the River a sudden Tempest forc'd him back to the Port from whence he set out The King himself was in great Danger and therefore as soon as he Landed went in Pilgrimage to the Church of our Lady del Puch to give Thanks He is said to have done this Barefoot and in his Shirt which shews he was not so ungodly as he is represented After this the King of Aragon return'd to Barcelona he of Castile to Murcia and thence to Sevil in the Heat of Summer On the 26th of July Bernard de Cabrera was publickly put to death at Zaragoça the King himself giving Sentence against him and consiscating all his Lands This was doubtless a cruel Act for he had serv'd well was Innocent and had been the King's Tutor all his Crime was speaking the Truth to the King's Advantage but Kings love Flatterers The Queen the King of Navarre Count Henry and Count de Ribagorça contriv'd his death The War continu'd hot Ayora in the Kingdom of Valencia was taken by
Son to the Earl of Faux His Wife and Daughter-in-Law the Princess Ellenor came to him but of Aragon and with them D. Lope Fernandez de Luna Arch-Bishop of Zaragoca and several other Men of Note It was requisite to settle the Kingdom and raise Mony for it was not doubted but a Storm threaten'd from France Therefore the Cortes were assembled at Burgos and there John the Son of the new King Henry was sworn Heir to the Crown after his Fathers Decease The Tenth of all things sold was here given him without any limitation of time Their hatred to King Peter binded them so as not to reflect how heavy a Burden they lay'd upon the Country King Henry gave to the City Burgos for their Service at his Coronation the Town of Miranda de Ebro D. Dominick was at this time Bishop of Burgos who Election was remarkable His Predecessor Ferdinand dying the Chapter could not agree who should succeed It was therefore resolv'd to stand the Decision of this Dominick being then one of the Canons He without regarding the Competitors said Since there must be a Bishop let Dominick himself be Bishop All the Chapter rejoye'd at his Choice and he was accordingly consecrated About this time D. Lope de Luna the Archbishop came again into Castile being sent Embassador by the King Aragon to demand Performance of Covenants and a great Summ of Mony he had lent Count Henry The new King acknowledg'd the Debt and all that was demanded to be due but said the Kingdom being not yet setled he could not alinate so great a part of it without exposing himself to extraordinary Danger yet assoon as he were well fixed he would perform all Articles and in the mean while look'd upon the King of Aragon as his Father and Preserver This he said to amuse that King be-being resolv'd to part with nothing Thus Princes devote themselves to their Interest without regarding Promises or Oaths CHAP. VI. The War betwixt France Navarre and Aragon King Peter of Castile supported by the English in France Is brought into Spain by the Prince of Wales with an Army Overthrows Henry the Vsurper and recovers his Kingdom THE War commenc'd three Years befor this betwixt France and Navarre still continu'd with disadvantage to the latter who lost several Towns At Toulouze a League was concluded betwixt the Kings of France and Aragon wherein it was agree'd that the Aragonian should make War upon Navarre to which effect the King of France was to assist him with 500 Lances maintain'd at his own cost This being known to the King of Navarre he stay'd in Spain to make head against the Aragonian by whose command Luis Coronel was already wasting the Frontiers of that Kingdom He sent the Queen his Wife tho with Child into France to try if she could bring that King her Brother to Composition Her Journey proved in vain for the King of France was resolv'd to seize all that the Navarrois possess'd in France At Evreux in Normandy the Queen was brought to Bed of her Second Son call'd Peter who was Earl of Mortaine With him in the heat of Summer she return'd to Navarre not liking her Entertainment in France It was requisite for the King of Navarre to seek some new Allyes he thought it convenient to joyn with King Peter then in Banishment who made him great Offers as Men commonly do in distress King Peter of Castile was then busy soliciting for Succours to recover his Kingdom and particularly apply'd himself to Edward Prince of Wales who then govern'd Guienne for his Father They met at Cabreron a Town not far from Bayonne King Charles of Navarre was with them The Prince invited them to Dinner King Peter was seated on the Right Hand and the Prince next to him on the left sat King Charles by himself There they swore to the Articles of Allyance made betwixt them which were That King Peter should be restored to his Kingdom That the Prince for his Service therein should have Biscay the King of Navarre Logron̄o and That King Peter should leave his Daughters in Guienne as Hostages for performance of Articles and payment of Mony lent him to defray the Army The King of Aragon renew'd his League with France He of Navarre fearing all the Burden of the War would fall upon him chang'd his Mind and meeting Henry the new-made King of Castile at Campeio concluded a League with him by which it was Articled That the King of Navarre should not give Passage to the English through his Dominions That he should assist Henry against them and deliver up certain Towns for Security of Performance That Henry should give him the Town of Logron̄o promis'd to him not long before by King Peter About this time Luis Brother to the King of Navarre marry'd Joanna Dutchess of Durazzo in Macedonia as eldest Daughter and Heiress to Duke Charles to whom Pope Vrban the VIth some time after gave the Investiture of the Kingdom of Naples Because there is generally a mistake made in the Genealogy of these Princes I thought good to set it down here Charles the IId King of Naples was Father to John Duke of Durazzo John had Charles and Luis Charles was Father to John and Margarite Luis the other Son to John had Charles that came to be King of Naples and Joanna who we said marry'd Luis Brother to the King of Navarre On the 18th of January 1367 some Authors say a Year later King Peter of Portugal dy'd at Estremoz He liv'd 46 Years 9 Months and one Day and reign'd 9 Years 9 Months and 28 Days His Body was bury'd with great Pomp at Alcobaça near to the Lady Agnes de Castro He left a Revenue for Chaplains to pray for his Soul and those of his Predecessors was a rigorous observer of Justice and much lamented by his People He order'd that nothing should be taken up for his Use upon trust but paid for at the full Value with ready Mony made wholsome Laws to curb the Avarice of Judges and Lawyers was most Severe against Malefactors particularly for Adultery insomuch that he is say'd to have struck the Bishop of Porto on that Account and us'd Yearly to distribute a considerable Sum of Mony among his Servants according to the Merits of every Man His Son Ferdinand succeeded him who concluded a Peace with the King of Aragon's Embassadors This King kept the Lady Ellenor de Meneses whom he took from her Husband Laurence Vasquez de Acuna who therefore fled to Castile and is said always to have worn in his Cap a pair of Silver Horns denoting the King's Lust and his own Shame All France and Spain resounded with Warlike Preparations Henry the new-made King was at Burgos gathering an Army to oppose the Enemy who had passed the Mountains at Ronoesvalles and without meeting any Opposition advanc'd to Pamplona that King being detain'd a Prisoner at Burgid by Oliver de Mani who held
of great Beauty which made him prefer her before Joanna Queen of Naples who was offer'd to him By this Lady he had two Sons who dy'd young and a Daughter call'd Elizabeth afterwards marry'd to the Earl of Vrgel CHAP. II. King John succeeds his Father in the Throne of Castile Charles King of France dies Charles the VIth succeeds him Pope Clement own'd in Spain through the French Interest KING John having bury'd his Father was Crown'd together with his Wife Queen Ellener in the Monastery of Huelgas at Burgos He Knighted 100 young Gentlemen according to the manner of those Times and gave the Town of Pancorvo to that City in Payment of the Expence it had been at and to reward its Loyalty The Cortes or Parliament was held in that City where several Laws were enacted One was that a Man who had receiv'd the lesser Orders if he marry'd should pay Taxes but if he liv'd Single was shorn and were the Habit of a Clergy Man he should be priviledg'd as a Church Man Great rejoycing was throughout the whole Kingdom for the King's Coronation The Joy was the greater for that it was hop'd he would prove an excellent Prince being Generous sharp Witted Mild Religious and not Conceited but always inclinable to be advis'd Of Stature he was low yet with Majesty The first thing he did after his Accession to the Crown was to express his Affection to the French and therefore immediately fitted out a Fleet and sent it against John de Montfort Duke of Britany whom because he sided with the English the King and Counsel of France had declar'd an Enemy to the Crown and confiscated his Estate The Fleet scower'd the Coast of Britany and took there the Fort they call'd Gaye The King spent the Summer at Burgos Two things concurred the one to increase the other to lessen the publick Joy The first was that one Joseph Pico a rich and famous Jew was kill'd by his own People He was Receiver General of the Revenue which rais'd him to a great height Some Jews of Note bore him ill will the reason of it is not known and they contriv'd to make him away To this purpose they deceitfully obtain'd an Order of the King for putting of him immediatly to Death and finding out the Executioner prevail'd with him to kill the Jew without delay The Fraud being discover'd the Contrivers of it were punish'd and that People were debarr'd the Power they had before of Judging their own Members a Liberty till then allow'd by the Kings forc'd by their wants because the Jews have extraordinary Methods of raising Mony The Subject of Joy was that on the 4th of October the Queen was deliver'd at Burgos of a Son call'd Henry in Honour of his Grandfather this Child came afterwards to inherit the Crown About the end of this Year and beginning of the next which was 1380 the Rains were so great and continu'd so long that all the Rivers overflow'd and all the low Lands were under Water Particularly the River Ebro near Zaragoća broke down it's Banks and ran a new way so that it cost much Mony and Labour to bring it back into it's own Channel From Burgos King John went to Toledo where he again repeated his Father's Exequies and plac'd his Body in the Tomb built for him Then he set out for Andaluzia resolving to aid the French against the English At Sevil he fitted out 20 Galleys with which Fernan Sanchez de Tovar having coasted along Spain and France came to the English Shore and ran up the River Thames destroying all the Country and burning the Villages The Difference about the two Popes was now hotter than ever and each of them had powerful Supporters Pope Vrban meditated Revenge against the Queen of Naples the chief causer of the Schism whom her wicked Life had rendred Infamous He invited Charles Duke of Durazzo descended of the Kings of Naples into Italy intimating he would conferr that Crown upon him On the other sid'e the Queen having no Children adopted Luys Duke of Anjou giving him the Title of Duke of Calabria appertaining to the Heirs of that Crown not doubting by that means to be supported by the Arms of France This is all the Title the Dukes of Anjou have to that Crown which was the occasion of tedious and bloody Wars betwixt them and Spain tho at this time the Design was only to support the Queen and Pope Clement On the 13th of July dy'd the Famous Bertran Claquin at the Siege of Chasteauneuf in Britany and on the 16th of September following Charles King of France departed this Life at Bois de Vincennes His Son Charles the VIth succeeded him The King of Portugal was concern'd about the Succession be being old and having never a Son Beatrix his Daughter by the Queen whose Birth was afterwards call'd in Question was contracted to Frederick Duke of Benavente and Bastard Son to King Henry After the Death of Henry the Portuguese would not stand to that Match but sent Embassadors to the new King to offer her to his Son Prince Henry then a Child but a few Months old King John hoping to joyn the Kingdom of Portugal to Castile admitted of the Proposal The Articles of Marriage were agreed upon at Soria where the Cortes met but at last they came to nothing Peter Manrique Leiutenant of Castile was apprehended being accus'd of holding a treasonable Correspondence with D. Alonso de Aragon Earl of Denia He dy'd in Prison without leaving any Children James Manrique his Brother inherited his Estate and Honours as he well deserv'd for his good Service in Navarre Luis Duke of Anjou govern'd France for King Charles who was under Age. The King of Aragon fear'd lest he should lay hold of that Opportunity to conquer the Kingdom of Majorca to which he pretended a right as has been said but he had bent his Thought upon securing the Crown of Naples to himself and his Heirs However King John of Castile sent Embassadors into France to accommodate that Affair and it was agree'd he should sell the Title he had bought King John advanc'd a good Summ out of kindness to his Father-in Law and to secure the Peace of Spain He also sent Embassadors to the Soldan of Egypt to sollicite for the Liberty of Leo King of Armenia whose Wife and Daughter had dy'd in Prison The barbarous King granted his Request and releas'd the Prisoner sending him into Spain with Letters full of Pride and Arogancy in relation to himself but honourably writ in regard to King John whose Power and Valour he extoll'd desiring his Friendship Three Years after that unfortunate King came into France and thence into Spain where the King entertain'd him honourably and gave him the Towns of Madrid and Andujan with a competent Revenue for his Maintenance He stay'd not long in Spain but return'd into France designing thence to go into England to perswade those Kings to
the Arch-bishop of Toledo who kept him long at Almonaçir three Leagues from that City This done the King and Queen went to Plasencia and thence set out for Portugal The Clergy of Guardia as had been promis'd by the Bishop came out to meet them with Crosses wishing them Joy of their Accession to that Crown The Governour of the Castle held out not knowing what party to take Before the King 's coming he was proclaim'd at Lisbon through the Persuasions of D. Henry Emanuel Earl of Sintra and Uncle to the late King Ferdinand Ellenor the Queen Dowager consented to it knowing her self too weak to oppose the Designs of the great Ones Yet the People began to be divided and many Lives were lost The first kill'd was the Count John Fernandez de Andeyro whom the Master of Avis stabb'd in the very Palace The popular Fury stopp'd not here for they Murder'd D. Martin Bishop of Lisbon in the Tower of the Cathedral whither he fled for Sanctuary only because he was a Castilian and seem'd to favour King John The Queen fearing some Outrage with the consent of the Master of Avis withdrew from Lisbon to Santarem Only Passion and Madness seem'd now to Reign The Master of Avis was Handsome Generous Familiar and had many other good Qualities which seem'd to make amends for the Fault in his Birth On the other side King John tho mild unless provok'd was reserv'd and of few Words so that tho some Places submitted to him upon his first coming he gain'd not the Affections of the Portugueses who expect to be familiarly Treated by their Kings At the beginning of the Year 1384 the King went from Guardia to Santarem to visit the Queen Dewager his Mother in Law and consult with her what Method was to be taken With him went 500 Horse a sufficient Number in time of Peace but too small to quell Rebels The Governours of the Kingdom of Toledo ceas'd not to make new Levies and send them towards Fortugal The greatest want was of Mony the Treasury and Country being exhausted with the last Wars They therefore took to the value of 4000 Marks of Silver out of the Treasury of the Church of our Blessed Lady of Guadalupe which the People look'd upon as an ill Omen 〈…〉 War began with Sacriledge Charles Prince of Navarre that he might not be thought ungrateful was gathering a good Body of Men to assist King John The King of Aragon thought it safest to look on In Portugal after much Consultation it was resolv'd the Queen Dowager should resign the Government of the Kingdom to the King her Son in Law This which was look'd upon as the means to appease the People provok'd them the more to Mutiny They hated the Government of Castile and upbraided the Queen with Parjury and breach of Trust yet many of the Nobles who had much to lose were concern'd at these Confusions and favour'd King John These were Henry Emanuel Earl of Sintra John Texeda who had been Lord Chancellor D. Peter Pereyra Grand Prior of Portugal who was afterwards Master of Calatrava in Castile and his two Brothers James and Ferdinand with many more Besides these many of the Commonalty especially in the Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho where one Lope de Leyra born in Galicia was Governour Alonso Pimentel deliver'd up Bragança he being Governour there John Portocarrero and Alonso de Silva did the same by other Places where they Commanded Thus far the pretensions of Castile went on successfully and it was thought the whole Kingdom united could not oppose them much less being divided But their Hopes soon vanish'd D. John Brother to the late King being detain'd Prisoner in Castile the People fixt their Eyes upon the Master of Avis Bastard Son to King Ferdinand He laying hold of the opportunity offer'd to expose himself for his Country Yet the People at that time did no more but name D. John that was Prisoner in Castile their Governour The more to incense the People he was painted upon their Colours in Irons The Command of the Army was given to the Master of Avis They said Queen Ellenor was not lawfully marry'd to the King and therefore Queen Beatvix was a Bastard This was done in Lisbon which had declar'd against Castile and was supported by many of the Nobility particularly by Nun̄o Alvarez Pereyra Son to the Grand Prior tho his Brothers sided with Castile This Gentleman was the Founder of the House of Bragança the most powerful in Portugal Nun̄o Pereyra was sent with a Body of Men to wast are Frontiers of Castile Some Forces sent by King John to oppose him were routed with great Slaughter and much greater Disgrace D. Gonçalo Brother to the Queen Dowager was in Coimbra with a good Garrison Thither King John went with the two Queens believing he would have receiv'd him but was disappointed This was the more grievous to King John for that Peter Earl of Trastamara Son to D. Frederick deserted from him and fled to that City It was suspected that Queen Ellenor weary of favouring Castile knew of his Flight Therefore the King sent her to Tordesillas in Castile with a great Retinue where she afterwards dy'd She lies bury'd at Valladolid in the Cloister of the Mercenarians This done a Council of War was held about besieging Lisbon the Metropolis of the Kingdom whither the principal People were withdrawn with the best of their Goods Opinions vary'd Some were for dividing the Army and securing the Country Others said all would be easy Lisbon once taken This Advice prevail'd and the Army march'd to the Siege By the way they wasted the Country burnt the Villages drove the Cattle and took several Towns They incamp'd and intrench'd themselves before that part of the City where now is the Monastery of All Saints To secure the Sea as well as the Land 13 Galleys and 12 Ships came from Sevil and anchor'd before the City to hinder any Resort of Provisions which soon grew scarce for the Multitude of the Besieg'd was great To remedy this want 16 Galleys and 8 Ships came from Porto which with the help of the Wind and Tide tho they lost 3 Ships supply'd the distress'd City This Relief chang'd the Face of Affairs for Autumn coming on the Army in the Field sicken'd and therefore King John made some Overtures of Peace Peter Fernandez de Velasco for the Castilians and the Master of Avis for the Portugueses were commission'd to Treat The Master of Avis positively affirm'd they would accept of no Conditions unless he were left to govern the Kingdom till such time as Queen Beatrix had a Son of Age to take the Administration upon him This he would not depart from having already conceiv'd some Hopes of obtaining the Crown for himself Sickness dally increas'd and many Men of Note dy'd of the Common sort 200 perish'd in one Day This made the great Men waver and grow weary of that unfortunate War
laid aside the Government of the Kingdom was committed to the Duke of Benavente the Marques de Villena the Earl of Trastamara the Archbishops of Toledo and Santiago and the Masters of Santiago and Calatrava Of the 16 Representatives of Cities eight were appointed by turns for three Months at a time to joyn with the others The Majority of Votes among them to be of Force in any Affair The Arch-bishop lik'd not this Method thinking his Share in the Government too little tho he pleaded the greatness of the Number would cause Confusion yet he was forc'd to yield to the Importunities and Threats of the Nobility A certain sort of base Mony call'd Agnus Dei's was here regulated how it should pass The Archbishop of Toledo kept the Earl of Gijon Prisoner but fearing some Change of times labour'd to be discharg'd of him He was therefore remov'd to Monterrey and committed to the care of the Master of Santiago till his Case was adjudg'd At Sevil and Cordova the Rabble in a riotous manner fell upon the Jews plunder'd their Houses and offer'd them many Injuries the Magistrates not being able to prevent it Ferdinand Martinez Arch-deacon of Ecija with seditious Speeches made in the Streets stirr'd up the People This Example was follow'd in sundry parts of Spain On the 5th of August the following Year the like was done at Toledo LogronÌ„o Valencia and Barcelona Many Jews to save themselves pretended to turn Christians but this happen'd later CHAP. IX The Contentions betwixt the Nobility of Castile about the Government They agree on a Settlement then alter it The Affairs of the Moors at Granada Warrenew'd with Portugal King Charles the VIth of France rus distracted IT was the Custom of the States of the Kingdom to meet in a certain Church of Madrid The Duke of Benavente and Earl of Trastamara came arm'd into that Assembly leaving Guards about the Church as if it were besieg'd The Arch-bishop of Toledo was so affronted at this Action that he left the Court and went away to Talavera from which place by his Letters he stirr'd up the People to rise in Arms and deliver the Kingdom from those who under the Title of Governours were become Tyrants These same Complaints he sent to Pope Clement and to the Kings of France and Aragon Soon after the Duke of Benavente being disgusted withdrew to his Town of Benavente without taking his leave of the King He presently joyn'd with the Arch-bishop of Toledo and the Marques de Villena tho then absent being out of Castile sided with them Those that remain'd of the Governours sent abroad their Letters requiring all such as were Members to be present at the Cortes They excus'd themselves upon several accounts Pope Clement sent F. Dominick of the Order of Preachers and Bishop of Ponce his Nuncio with two Letters the one directed to the King the other to the Governours Both of them tended to express his Sorrow for the Death of King John and exhorted them to Unity in then Proceedings The Nuncio labour'd to reconcile the Nobles but all in Vain Embassadors came from France and Aragon to the same Effect all they could do was to renew the former Alliances From Navarre also came Embassadors to condole upon the King's Death with Orders to endeavour Queen Ellener should return to her Husband promising her all manner of kind Entertainment The Queen excus'd herself and the young King could not have more Power over his Aunt than her Brother had Mean while the Arch-bishop of Toledo gather'd Forces upon pretence of freeing the Kingdom from slavery but it was generally look'd upon as only the effect of his Ambition Endeavours for an Accommodation betwixt the Nobles were us'd but to as little Purpose as before The Citizens that had a share in the Government not thinking themselves safe at Madrid remov'd with the King to Segovin The Earl of Trastamara one of the Governours aspir'd to be Constable of Gustile pretending the late King had signify'd he design'd him that Honour It was not thought convenient to incense the Marques de Villena who was then in possession of it therefore 60000 Maravedies of the Marques his Sallery were assign'd him yearly for the present with a promise of the Place in case the Marques would not comply Besides those mention'd there joyn'd with the Arch-bishop of Toledo the Master of Alcantara and James Mendoça from whom the Dukes del Infantado are descended They gather'd 1500 Horse and 3500 Foot With this Force they march'd to Valladolid where the King was and encamp'd on the Banks of the River Pisuerga which runs by that City and soon after falls into the River Duerâ—â— Ellenor Queen of Navarre after much Labour spent therein prevail'd with the two parties to have a Conference Deputies met accordingly at the Town of Perales Thither came the Queen and Pope's Nuncio as Mediators The chief Dispute was whether King John's Will ought to be valid or not The Arch-bishop of Saniago cunningly demanded of him of Toledo whether he should have that Will allow'd in all its Articles He of Toledo made some hesitation fearing to be entrapp'd and particularly to disoblige the Duke of Benavente who was not nam'd in it At last he answer'd craftily he would provided the Duke of Benavente the Earl of Trastamara and the Master of Santiago might be added to the number of Governours it being so requisit for the publick Peace The other Party tho against their Wills as fearing to provoke those great Men consented It was agreed the Cortes should meet at Burgos to ratify what they had resolv'd upon mean while considerable Hostages were given on both sides Thus those Commotions ceas'd for that time By this new settlement the Arch-bishop of Toledo became so powerful it was fear'd he alone would sway more than all the rest in the Government Therefore the Arch-bishop of Santiago and his Associates thought it convenient to procure the Releasment of the Earl of Gijon that he might be a Foil to the Other Accordingly they took him out of Prison and brought him to Kiss the King's Hand who order'd him to be restor'd to his Estate The Cortes met at Burgos of had been agreed The settlement made being brought upon the Stage the Arch-bishop of Santiago said he would not stand to it unless the Earl of Gijon were admited as well as the other three Noblemen since he was inferiour to none of them for Birth or Estate It troubl'd the Arch-bishop of Toledo to be taken in his own Snare and the Case came to be hotly debated so that to prevent further Mischief it was consented to by both Parties that it should be left to Arbitration D. Gonzalo Bishop of Segovia and Alvar Martinez both well vers'd in the Civil and Canon Law were appointed Judges They could not agree but continu'd divided till the beginning of the Year 1392 when at last it was decree'd the Earl should be admitted The
King Alonso having subdu'd Sardinia and abandon'd Corsica to the Genoeses sail'd with speed to Palermo in Sicily hoping to secure the Succession to the new Kingdom and was the more bent upon it for that a certain Mathematician five years before told him That Heaven promised him great Things that he should be Master of Naples that he should have many Subjects and heap mighty Riches whereupon he encourag'd him boldly to pursue his Fortune The depriving the King of Castile of his Liberty caus'd great Commotions and the Imprisonment of several Persons of Note The Court was at Talavera as has been said and the King as if he minded not the wrong done him diverted himself in Hunting This gave him an opportunity on the 29th of November to make his escape to Montalvan a Castle seated upon an Eminence almost in the mid-way betwixt Talavera and Toledo on the Banks of Tagus Alvaro de Luna his great Favourite advis'd him to fly Prince Henry gathering his Forces besieg'd the Place but would not batter it in respect to the King Prince John the Archbishop of Toledo D. Alonso Enriquez the Admiral and other Nobles assembl'd to revenge this Affront Hunger began to pinch in the Castle and they eat their Horses and other filthy Beasts At length the Siege was rais'd by them that came to relieve the Place and Prince Henry went away to Ocana a Town of his own as he was Master of Santiago resolving to stand upon his Guard After his Departure the King return'd to Talavera and was met upon the way by the Princes John and Peter of Aragon Great demonstrations of Affection passed betwixt them and the King by the Advice of Alvaro de Luna who rose apace to give the greater fall commanded them to return This alter'd the Posture of Affairs The King kept his Christmas and the beginning of the Year 1421 at Talavera Thence he went to Old Castile where he had more Forces and the People were better affected towards him Prince Henry had the Marquisate of Villena given him with his Wife which those People resented because it had been purchas'd for a sum of Mony of the King of Aragon and ought not to be alienated from the Crown Prince Henry seiz'd and garrison'd all the Towns of that Dominion except Alarcon which being naturally strong held out against him The King commanded him to disband his Forces and he refusing to obey that Estate was taken from him by Force Besides the King recall'd his Patent which made the Mastership of Santiago hereditary to the Heirs of Prince Henry This so provoked him that he set out from Ocan̄a after the King with 1500 Horse He passed the Mountains and without making any stop came to Arevalo where the King was There was danger of a Battle and therefore Queen Ellenor in care for her Son Prince Henry endeavour'd to lay that Storm that threatn'd The Archbishop of Santiago did the same They perswaded the Prince to lay down his Arms and thus for that time War was prevented Blanch Daughter to the King of Navarre on the 29th of May was brought to Bed at Arevalo of a Son who was call'd Charles as his Grandfather by the Mother's side The Cortes were summon'd first to Toledo and then to Madrid and in order to meet them the King and Queen set out towards new Castile On the 23d of October they came to Toledo Prince Henry of Aragon Ruy Lopez Davalos the Constable and Peter Manrique the Lieutenant being summon'd excus'd themselves saying they had powerful Enemies at Court Mean while Alonso King of Aragon and Luis Duke of Anjou contended for the Kingdom of Naples King Alonso kept in that City Aversa a Town near it was held by the French and Excursions were made by both Parties Cerra a Town four miles from Naples was besieg'd by the Aragonians and taken after a vigorous Defence Prince Peter of Aragon being call'd by his Brother with the consent of the King of Castile went away to serve in that War at the beginning of the Year 1422. The Cortes sat at Madrid Prince John of Aragon and other great Men were present The Archbishop of Toledo was not being then sick Prince Henry and his adherents because the King would oblige them to come resolv'd the Prince and Garci Fernandez Manrique afterwards Earl of Castan̄eda should go but the Constable and Peter Manrique should stand upon their Guard in Places of Safety On the 13th of June the Prince and Garci Fernandez came to Madrid were kindly receiv'd but the next day apprehended Prince Henry was sent Prisoner to the Castle of Mora and the care of him committed to Garci Alvarez de Toledo the Earl of Vrgel who had been some years a Prisoner there being remov'd to Madrid An Impeachment of high Treason for corresponding with the Moors was brought into the Cortes against those Lords 14 Letters written by the Constable to King Joseph of Granada were produc'd and read Therefore the Estates of Prince Henry and Garci Manrique were confiscated and the same was decreed against Peter Manrique who having notice of what was in hand fled to Taraçona The like Sentence was given against the Constable who with the Lady Catherine Prince Henry's Wife fled first to Segura a strong Place towards Murcia and thence to Valencia He left a mighty Estate in Castile for Arcos Arjona Ossorno Ribadeo Candeleda Arenas and many other Towns were his so that the House Davalos began to decay Several other noble Families as the Fajardos Enriquez Sandovals Pimenteles and Zunigas rose out of the Ruins of the Davalos It was then whisper'd that those Letters of the Constable were forg'd and afterwards his Secretary John Garcia confess'd he had counterfeited them and was put to Death yet because the King and others were concern'd the Constable was not restor'd Now the King created Alvaro de Luna Earl of Santistevan de Gormaz and made him Constable Gonzalo Mexia Commendary of Segura was impower'd to act as Master of Santiago These things being concluded the King went away to Alcala and at the same time the Queen was deliver'd of a Daughter at Illescas on the 5th of October she was call'd Catherine This caus'd great Joy being an Argument the Queen was not barren as had been fear'd The Archbishop of Toledo after a tedious Sickness dy'd at Alcala de Henares and was put into a curious Marble Tomb built by himself in the Parish Church of St. Peter D. John Martinez de Contreras Dean of Toledo by the King's Interest was chosen Archbishop The Chapter rather favour'd the School-Master John Alvarez de Toledo but the King's Recommendation prevail'd The elect Archbishop went away to Rome to be confirm'd by Pope Martin the Vth as was then the Custom and spent two years in that Journey CHAP. VII The Death of the Moorish King of Granada A Truce betwixt Castile and Portugal The Interest of the Aragonians decays at Naples Joseph
the People being divided into Factions A great Number followed Charles Prince of Viana most Men believing he had the best right His Sister Blanch espoused his Quarrel with all her might which so highly offended the King their Father that he treated with the Earl of Faux his Son in Law about making over the Crown to him and disinheriting Charles and Blanch. The better to secure their Design they courted the King of France to joyn with them The King of Castile favoured Prince Charles and therefore there was danger of a War betwixt France and Spain At the same time King Henry was making Preparations for the War with the Moors of Granada and concluding a new Match then in Hand The Cortes met at Cuellar where all degrees of People encouraged one another to take Arms and laboured to express their Loyalty to the new King During the King's absence the Archbishop of Toledo and Earl of Haro were left at Valladolid joynt Commissioners to govern the Kingdom This done having gathered a powerful Army in which were 5000 Horse the King entred the Territories of the Moors and marched to the Plain of Granada Soon after he destroyed all the Territory of Malaga with Fire and Sword in so short a time that a single Man a Horseback could scarce have overrun it so soon Joanna Sister to King Alonso of Portugal had been contracted to the King of Castile by Proxy The Marriage was celebrated at Cordova on the 21st of May with great Solemnity and Joy the Nobility and Commonalty from all parts flocking thither There was running at Tilt and other Sports and Shows among the Military Men. Some looked upon it as an ill Omen that the Marriage was solemnized in the heat of War and therefore said that Joy would not be lasting They were married by the Archbishop of Tours then Embassador in Castile from the King of France with whom Castile was in amity and at odds with the English they being mortal Enemies to the French The fame of the War against the Moors brought such Numbers of Men that the Army consisted of 14000 Horse and 50000 Foot With these Forces three Incursions were made into the Territories of the Moors firing all the Plain even in sight of the City Granada The Moors assembled on all sides but the King thought not fit to come to a Battle having resolved for three Years continually to destroy the Corn and by that means reduce them to extream want This highly offended the Soldiers who gaped after Plunder and they threatned since so many Opportunities were let pass they would not fight when their Officers commanded The Nobility also conspired to seize the King and carry on the War after another manner Peter Giron Master of Calatrava was the chief of the Conspirators In̄igo de Mendoça third Son to the Marques de Santillana advised the King to return from Alcaudete where that contrivance was hatched to Cordova without acquainting him what was intended against him At Cordova the King was informed of the Conspiracy For that Reason as also because the Season was far advanced he dismissed his Army with Orders to be again ready in the Spring The Nobility were also dismissed and their Posts given to others which was a Punishment for their disloyalty and shewed their Intrigue was discovered The King went away to Avila and thence to Segovia to hunt resolving to return to Andaluzia very soon and to express his Resolution took two Branches of a Pomgranate Tree knotted together for the Orle of his Scutcheon that being the Coat of Arms of the Kings of Granada This denoted he would not desist till he had quite expelled the Moors In Naples at the beginning of the Year 1456 D. Alonso de Aragon Prince of Capua and Ellenor his Sister both Grandchildren to the King of Aragon were married to Hippolito and Sforcia Maria Son and Daughter of Francis Sforcia Duke of Milan Pope Calixtus was much alarmed at this Allyance it being chiefly designed against him The King of Castile returned to the War with the Moors but without the Nobility He observed the same method he had done before of wasting the Country and the Soldiers being kept from fighting were ready to Mutiny To prevent any Tumult the King called them together and in few Words shewed how much better it was to subdue the Enemy without hazarding themselves than to try the event of a Battle which must cost many Lives Thus the Army was rather appeased than satisfyed and returned to Cordova where some were dismissed and others put into Winter Quarters About the latter end of the Year the King went away to Madrid Mean while the King of Portugal sent a great Fleet towards Italy to joyn with the Confederates It arrived there at such time as the heat of the Princes of Italy was abated and new Commotions began to break out at Genoa and Siena Thus the Portugues Fleet returned home without effecting any thing Elizabeth Queen of Portugal dyed at Ebora on the 12th of December It was suspected and even agreed on all Hands that she was Poisoned The great Love the People bore her whilst she lived made this Suspicion the more easily pass for Truth and their Tears for her Death sufficiently declared their Affection The King tho he was in the prime of his Age would not marry for several Years This year was very unfortunate to the City and Kingdom of Naples for great Earthquakes which overthrew or at least endamaged many Towns and Castles The greatest Mischief was done at Brindez and Isernia In the farthest parts of Italy some Buildings were levelled with the Ground from the very Foundations others were abandoned and a Town called Boyano was swallowed up a Lake remaining in the Place of it to this Day as a Memorial of that Disaster 60000 Souls are said to have perished Pope Pius the II. and S. Antoninus say 30000 either of them a prodigious Number CHAP. IX The Prince of Viana flies to Naples The Kings of Castile and Navarre meet and conclude a Peace The War with the Moors The Death of Alonso King of Aragon His Character and Will John King of Navarre inherits the Crown of Aragon SPain found no end of its tedious Troubles The Tumults in Navarre were hotter than ever Their Neighbours the Biscainers took Arms against one another and many were daily killed Among them the great Men and Heads of Families devoured the People confiding in the strength of their Houses which are like Castles King Henry coming in time from Segovia with a sufficient Force to quell these Disorders overthrew many of those Houses which served as an Example to others not to commit the like Insolencies This happened in February 1451. Upon the way the King received into his Family a Youth born at Darango his Name Perucho Munzar who afterwards became his great Favourite Being so near Navarre the King was willing to assist Prince Charles his Friend and Ally but
Humility and Modesty About the same time dyed D. Alonso de Cartagena Bishop of Burgos who composed some Books among them a short History of the Kings of Spain in Latin called Anacephaleosis his other Works are all mentioned in the History called Valeriana D. Luis de Acuna succeeded him in the Bishoprick CHAP. X. The new War at Naples upon the Death of King Alonso and Succession of his Bastard Son Ferdinand Pope Calixtus dies Pius the II. succeeds him Alcazar on the Coast of Africk taken by the King of Portugal Prodigies in Spain KING Alonso's Death put an end to the Peace of Italy and the Kingdom of Naple which seemed to be setled was again perplexed with new Troubles A new War broke out there in such manner that it rather seemed conquered anew than preserved Ferdinand King of Naples had good Natural Parts improved with Learning and no less Experience of Military Affairs He was inferior to none in all sorts of Many Exercises and Inured to suffer Hardships In his Conversation courteous and affable All these good Qualities could not gain him the Affections of the Nobility who bore him perfect hatred Charles Prince of Viana was perswaded to pretend to that Crown as appertaining to him of Right He was willing to harken to these Insinuations and rather wanted Strength than Will to attempt it Some offered to stand by him but he durst not rely on them knowing how much easier it is to promise than to perform It was impossible these Contrivances could be kept private therefore the Prince fearing the new King sailed over into Sicily there to wait the Event of those Affairs Whilst he lived there in Banishment he had by a mean Woman called Capa two Sons Philip and John and by Mary Armendaria the Wife that had been of Francis Barhastre a Daughter called Ann afterwards married to D. Luis de la Cerda first Duke of Medina Celi Notwithstanding all his Practices King Ferdinand payed him a Pension of 12000 Ducats a Year left him by his Father Prince Charles his Departure into Sicily did not discourage the Nobility of Naples The Prince of Taranto and Marques of Cotron sent to invite King John of Aragon to come and accept of that Kingdom but he content with what he had secure made no account of their offer He set out from Tudela and having received the News of his Brother's Death came to Zaragoça where he took possession of the Kingdom of Aragon not as Lieutenant as he was before but as Proprietor The storm raised by Pope Calixtus from whom it had been least expected was great He said that Kingdom which was a Feof of the Church ought not to have been given to a Bastard and therefore pretended it was again forfeited to the See Apostolick This was believed to be only a Colour and that his Aim was to secure that Kingdom for Peter Borgia whom he had created Duke of Spoleto a City in Vmbria An extravagant Ambition much misbecoming his Age and the high Dignity God had raised him to This was supposed would prove the cause of a new War and every Body feared the late Calamities would again be renewed King Ferdinand desiring to reconcile and appease the Pope wrote a very submissive Letter to him aâ—cesting his respect to the Church and particularly to his Person putting him in mind that he had been bred under him as his Scholar and came over into Italy with him and therefore prayed to be looked upon as a Son and treated as such promising on his part to act accordingly This Letter had no effect upon the Pope who began to sollicit all the Princes and Cities of Italy to take Arms but all his Contrivances were disappointed by Death He departed this Life upon the 6th of August happily and in good Season for the Kingdom of Naples In his Place was elected Aeneas Silvius a Native of Siona of the Family of Picolomini who in all Respects acted suitable to the Name he took which was Pius the II. for he restored Peace to Italy and used his utmost endeavours to renew the War with the Turks He confirmed the Kingdom of Naples to Ferdinand only adding this Provisu that it should not be found to be done in wrong of any other He summoned a General Council to meet at Mantra in order to treat in it of the Expedition against the Turk The Neapolitans once having began to raise Commotions could not be so easily quelled The Calabrians took Arms and John Duke of Lorrain being invited from Genoa where he then was arrived on the Coast of Naples with a Fleet of 23 Galleys The chief cause of these Tumults was Abtony Centellas Marques of Girachi and Croten who to revenge the wrong he pretended done his Father by King Alonso doubted not to prefer the Dominion of the French before that of the Spaniards tho descended himself from Spain These Troubles were very great and lasted long therefore it would be too tedious to relate all the Particulars of them it will be properer for our History to return to Spain In Castile King Henry raised mean Persons to high Posts and Dignities He made Michael Lucas de Trançu born at Belmonte a Town in the Country of la Mancha Constable of Castile and gave him the Town of Agreda and Castle of Veraton and Bormediano Gomez de Solis who took the Name of Gaâ—ereâ— from his Country and was Steward of the Houshold was by the Knights of Alcantara to please the King chosen Master of that Order in the Place of D. Gutierre de Sotomayor To the Brothers of these two the King gave plentiful Estates To John de Valençuela the grand Priorship of S. John These Men he designed should stand by him against the Nobility who were disgusted His ordinary Residence was at Madrid where he wholly gave himself up to Pleasure without applying himself to the Government This extraordinary Negligence drew him into great Inconveniences and no less could be expected since he used to sign all Orders or Grants without reading or knowing what was contained in them The Revenue could not answer the vast Expence of his Houshold and other Prodigalities James Arias his Treasurer finding a fit Opportunity gave him to understand as much advising him to Retrench the number of his Servants since many of them only wasted the Revenue with their Salaries and were of no manner of use This advice did not please the King who presently answered Were I Peter Arias I should have more regard to Mony than to Generosity You speak like your self and I will do as becomes a King without fear of coming to Poverty or having occasion to raise new Tares It is the Duty of Kings to give and to measure their Power not by themselves but by the publick Good which is the true fruit of Riches To some we give because they are Serviceable to others that they may not be Wicked Words well becoming a great Prince had his Actions
pacifie them These Two assembling the People at Santiago and putting to death the Mareschal Peter Pardo and some other Gentlemen brought the Country under subjection King Ferdinand was then gone to Catalonia upon this account Mahomer the Great Turk having in vain besieged Rhodes the space of three Months was forced to quit that Enterprize Part of his Fleet sailed to Vallona in Albania opposite to Apulia a Province of the Kingdom of Naples Thence Achmet Bassa who Commanded passed over into Italy and took the City Otranto on the 13th of August where he made a great Slaughter sparing neither Sex nor Age. From this Place the Turks made Incursions into the Country destroying all they came at to the great Terror of all Italy This moved the Christian Princes to think of joining their Forces to stifle that Flame Particularly King Ferdinand sent Gonzalo Beteta Ambassador to Pope Sixtus who was then much displeased with the King as appeared upon several occasions and now more especially for he constituted the Archbishop of Toledo his Legate in Spain without acquainting the King with his Design The publick Danger made private Animosities be forgot The King also sent D. John Melguerite Bishop of Girona in the Month of February 1481. to make a League with all the Princes of Italy At the same time the King gathered a Fleet of 35 Sail of all sorts at Barcelona The King of Portugal fitted 20 Ships for this purpose but these Succours went on slowly Therefore D. Alonso Duke of Calabria with what Forces he could gather in Italy at last laid Siege to Otranto It fell out happily that Mahomet the Great Turk died at Nicomedia in Bithynia on the 3d of May. News hereof being brought to the Turks in Otranto they surrendered that City the 5th Month after it had been besieged upon condition to depart freely The Duke of Calabria retained in his Service about 1500 Turks designing to make use of them against the Florentines It was the vulgar Opinion they well deserved it because they had called in the Turks yet many believed this was a Policy of the Duke to cast the Scandal of retaining those People upon his Enemy The Succours of Aragon and Portugal were of no use for they arrived in Italy after Otranto was surrendred Besides the distance weighty Affairs kept those Kings employed and diverted them from sending those Succours sooner King Ferdinand held the Cortes of Aragon at Calatayud whither Queen Elizabeth by her Husband's Order brought Prince John D. Alonso Enriquez the Admiral and Peter Fernandez de Velasco the Constable were appointed Commissioners to Govern Castile The King's aim was to have his Son sworn Heir to that Kingdom as had been before done in Castile and was also performed there on the 29th of May. Soon after the same was done at Barcelona for the Principality of Catalonia Besides these Cares another was added from Navarre Peter the Cardinal and James his Brother Unkles to the young King came to Zaragoça There being admitted to Audience in a long Harangue they laid before King Ferdinand the Misfortunes Navarre laboured under the Rebels being possessed of the most considerable Towns and Cities The Biamonteses had Pamplona the others Estela Sanguessa and Olite They represented That their King had nothing left him but the Title That the Earl of Lerin ceased not to commit all manner of Crimes Therefore they begged King Ferdinand to pity that young King and deliver him from the Slavery of his Subjects King Ferdinand having heard the two Brothers promised he would stand by King Francis and to shew his readiness sent certain Persons with the Two Princes who from him should advise the Rebels to submit to their King The Cortes of that Kingdom met at Tafalla there King Ferdinand's Ambassadors gave an account of what they had in Commission The Navarrois answered That if the King had not been received as he ought in the Kingdom it was not the fault of them all but of some few who disturbed the Peace of the Country yet if he would come to them no Town would be wanting in expressing its Loyalty This Answer was satisfactory and therefore it was proposed to King Ferdinand that King Francis should go to Pamplona It was thought sit he should go with a good Guard lest in that time of Confusion any Affront should be offered him At this time the King of Portugal died at Sintra in the very Chamber where he was born and on the 28th of August His Body was carried to Aljubarrota His Son John II. for his high Spirit and great Exploits Sirnamed the Great succeeded him This Prince as well as his Father was always an utter Enemy to Castile The Father carried it more openly but the Son subtilly and underhand and therefore more furiously vented his Passion upon some Noblemen of his Kingdom whom he suspected of favouring Castile as we shall soon see For Piety Goodness Severity towards Crimina Sharpness of Wit and a Tenacious Memory he equalled all the Kings his Contemporaries and excelled many He used to say That a Kingdom either found Princes wise or made them so by their continual conversing with Men of great Parts who constantly are about the Courts of Kings and use all Arts in Speech and Behaviour to obtain their Desires and discover their Ability CHAP. X. Francis King of Navarre comes out of France is Crown'd and soon after Dies A Conspiracy against the King of Portugal discover'd and the Conspirators punish'd Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal Ratified Luis the Eleventh King of France dies THree Princes died successively one year after another About the end of this year departed this Life Charles Duke of Anjou He appointed the King of France his Heir by which means Anjou and Provence were annexed to the Crown of France besides other Pretentions which served only to intail a War upon that Kingdom On the first of July in the following year 1482 died D. Alonso Carillo y Acun̄a Archbishop of Toledo a Man even when of great Age lively and active He retired in his latter days rather through necessity than of his own inclination He was buried in the Monastery of S. Francis built by himself at Alcalà de Henares he also made the Church of S. Stephen till then a Parish Collegiate He was addicted to Chimistry and died Poor yet is said to have left some Money to repair the School at Alcala On the left hand of the Archbishop's Tomb was buried his Son Troylus which the Cardinal D. Francisco Ximenez caused to be removed looking upon it as a Monument of that Prelate's incontinency From this Troylus are descended the Marquesses of Falces in Navarre their Sirname is Peralta The Cardinal of Spain succeeded D. Alonso Carrille in the Archbishoprick of Toledo He was Son to Yn̄igo Lopez de Mendoça Marquess of Santillana and Brother to James Hurtado de Mendoça first Duke del Infantado This Prelate was a Person of
say he was informed by one Marcus Polus a Florentine and others that he found out by his Skill in Astrology that there were vast Countreys towards the West undiscovered These his thoughts he communicated first to the King of Portugal then to Henry VII of England and being slighted by them both came to the Court of King Ferdinand There he waited 7 years and at last after the subduing of the Kingdom of Granada obtained of the King 3 Ships to attempt this Discovery It is wonderful that so great an Undertaking was begun only with 17000 Duccats which the King was forced to borrow his Revenue was so far exhausted Columbus set sail on the 3d of August from Palos de Moguer and having touched at the Canaries after several days sail and many difficulties he discovered certain Islands which he called The Princes Islands He spent some days there and leaving some of his Company in a Fort he built under the Command of James de Arana returned to Spain with the News of what he had discovered and some Proofs of the Riches of the Country The following year he continued to discover many other Islands the chiefest whereof were Hispaniola and Cuba Besides he Coasted a great part of the Continent as well towards the Southern as Northern Pole Columbus died in the year of Grace 1500 a Man worthy of Immortal Praise He was made Admiral of the Indies and Duke of Veraguas Rewards due to his great Merit Several others continued these Discoveries as well during his Life as after his Death Among these Americus Vespusius a Florentine by order of Emanuel King of Portugal in the year 1500 discovered all Brasil which is a great part of that Continent After much of the Northern Coast had been discovered by several Persons Vasco Nun̄ez de Balboa born at Badajoz was the first that adventured to pass that narrow Neck of Land that lies between Nombre de Dios and Panama and so came to the South Sea in the year 1513. These Discoveries of Columbus and Americus Vespusius raised a Controversie betwixt the Crowns of Castile and Portugal the latter pretending all the Discovery of the New World appertained to him by Grants of several Popes and particularly of Eugenius IV. On the other side the King of Castile pleaded a Bull of Pope Alexander VI. in the year 1493 which assigned to him all the Lands to the Westward of an imaginary Line drawn 100 Leagues beyond the Islands of Cabo Verde This Grant was afterwards altered by another which ordained the said Line to be drawn 370 Leagues farther towards the West to the end that Brasil might fall within the Portugues Limits Hierome Ozorio Bishop of Silves in the Life of King Emanuel affirms the said Line was appointed to be drawn 36 Degrees West of the Meridian of Lisbon Upon this Determination was grounded another Dispute the Castillians pretending that the Molucco Islands whence the Spice is brought fell within their Limits as being within that half of the World assigned them All this the Portugueses deny and each Party bring Arguments to make good their Assertions Certain it is that Ferdinand Magallanes a Portugues being disgusted because his King did not Reward his Services done in India perswaded the Emperor Charles V. Grandson to King Ferdinand that a new way might be found to the Moluco Islands by the South West He had 5 Ships given him for this Enterprize and sailed from Sevil in the year 1519. Having touched at the Canaries he Coasted all along Brasil and found a Streight in 53 Degrees of South Latitude which of him is called the Streight of Magellan At the entrance of that Streight one of the Ships struck upon a Rock and was lost another weary of that long Voyage stole away by night and returned to Sevil. With the rest he passed the Streight and was himself with some of his Companions killed in an Island called Zubu Those that were left being too few to Man all the Ships burnt one and with the other two came to the Moluco Islands They loaded in the Island of Tidore but one of them being very leaky was lost The other coming round by the Cape of Good Hope at last arrived at Sevil 3 years after his departure The Ship was called the Victory the Master John Sebastian Cano a Biscainer whose Name ought never to be forgotten as being the first that sailed round the World Many afterwards attempted that same Voyage but the Profit not answering the Trouble it was laid aside as also because King John of Portugal lent the Emperor Charles V. 350000 Duccats upon Condition he and his Heirs should desist from that Undertaking till the Money were repayed On the Right Hand of that Neck of Land which we have said lies between the North and South Seas is the Kingdom of New Spain and the City Mexico its Metropolis seated in the midst of a Lake Over this and many other large Provinces and Kingdoms Reigned the mighty Emperor Montezuma whom Ferdinand Cortes in the year 1520 with wonderful Resolution apprehended and made Prisoner in his own Palace He being killed accidentally by a Stone cast at a Window where he was looking out to appease his People Cortes brought those vast Provinces under the subjection of Charles the Emperor gained himself Eternal Honour and left to his Successors the Marquesses del Valle a great Estate in the Kingdom of Mexico On the Left Hand of that Neck of Land Francis Pizarro in the year 1525 discovered the Kingdom of Peru and 6 years after Conquered it taking and putting to death Atabalipa Lord of that Country This is the richest Countrey for Mines of Gold and Silver hitherto discovered insomuch that all the Utensils of those People even to their Pots and Kettles were of these precious Mettals Pizarro shared not the vast Booty he got there fairly with James de Almagro his principal Companion in that Conquest and the rest of his Men and yet the meanest Soldier 's part came to 9000 Duccats which was the richest Plunder ever taken till that time His Force was about 300 Men who in Battle overthrew above 100000 Indians Riches and Plenty produced Pride and Insolence for Ferdinand Brother to Francis Pizarro understanding that Almagro openly complained of the Wrong done him and meditated Revenge he murdered him A Bastard Son of Almagro whom he had by an Indian and whose Name was James assaulted the House of Francis Pizarro in the City of Lima and killed him in revenge of his Father This was a bold Attempt and to punish it the Governour Christopher Vaca de Castro joined with Gonçalo Pizarro another Brother of the said Francis and with their Forces overthrew and killed the said James This Victory and his great Riches so puffed up Gonçalo Pizarro that he attempted to make himself absolute Lord of that Country Blasco Nun̄ez Vela was sent by the Emperor from Spain to be Viceroy of Peru him the Rebellious Spaniards took Prisoner and put
to Death Afterwards the Licentiate Peter de Gasca tho a Priest and one of the General Council of the Inquisition put an end to all those Tumults rather by Policy than Force He put to death Gonçalo Pizarro and the other Heads of the Rebellion This done he returned into Spain where he was first Bishop of Palencia then of Siguença till the end of his Life which was very long Ferdinand Pizarro the only Surviver of the Three Brothers was long a Prisoner in Spain for before the Rebellion of his Brother he came to answer for the Murder of Almagro which was the cause of all those Broils Thus God punished the Murder of the Emperor Atabalipa not suffering one of his Enemies to escape scotfree and the ill acquired Riches perished with their Owners The Customs of all these People were strange and all other things extraordinary Their Fish Beasts Trees and Herbs all different from ours They had no use of Letters no Money no Weights nor did they build any Ships only Boats of one Tree hollowed like Trays which they call Canoes For Cloathing they had neither Linnen Woollen nor Silk but only Cotton whereof there is abundance There was no Iron and consequently none of the Weapons and other Necessaries made thereof Corn like ours they have none but a Grain they call Maiz nor Oil nor Wine made of Grapes but they wanted not other Liquors to make them Drunk to which they are much addicted They know not how to make Candles of Wax or Tallow There were no Beasts of Burden nor to Ride nor Carts or Litters Prisoners taken in War and Slaves were sacrificed in such vast numbers that it is held for a certain truth above 20000 perished in this manner every year in only the City Mexico whose Flesh they eat without any loathing It was Customary to have many Wives and Sodomy was permitted so brutish was their Government Their Garb was strange and many went quite naked Afterwards Chile upon the South Sea was discovered where were found Warlike Indians and difficult to be subdued and on our side beyond Brasil and the River de la Plata lies Paraguay and Tucuman extending to the Streights of Magellan The Philippine Islands were found at another time and took their Name from Philip II. King of Spain The Lieutenant Michael Lopez de Legaspi conquered the chief of them called Luzon and its City Manila on the 18th of May 1572. Lastly in the year 1598 a good Body of Men under the Command of D. John de Onate set out from Mexico to the Conquest of New Mexico This Country lies in about 30 deg of N. Lat. The Soil is fruitful the People more polished than the other Indians their Houses 3 or 4 and some 7 Stories high It was known by hearsay ever since the time of Cortes and often attempted to be conquered but never before with such a Power The Success was not answerable to so great Preparations This may suffice as to the West-Indies Charles VIII King of France being inflamed with the desire of conquering the Kingdom of Naples to which he pretended he had a good Title thought it necessary to secure King Ferdinand by entring into a League with him lest he should in his absence invade France the Kingdom of Naples belonging to the House of Aragon To this purpose a Treaty was carried on for restoring Russillon and Cerdaigne King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth leaving the Government of their new Kingdom of Granada to the Earl of Tendilla in June set out towards Aragon to be nearer to their Commissioners who managed that Treaty At Zaragoça they settled the Government of that City and went thence to Barcelona in October There as the King came out from giving Audience according to Custom one John Canamares a Catalonian came up with his naked Sword to kill him and gave him a Wound under his Ear. This Fellow being apprehended it appeared he was Mad and had undertaken that Action because he Dreamed that if he killed the King he should succeed him However he was torn with Pinchers and then burnt The League betwixt Spain and France after much altercation was lastly concluded at Narbonne on the 18th of January 1493 all Princes except the Pope being excluded It was agreed that the King of Spain should not Marry his Daughters without the consent of the King of France and that on this account Russillon and Cerdaigne should be restored However some months passed before the execution Next to pacifie Maximilian King of the Romans the King of France restored to him his Daughter and the Earldom of Artois her Dower and gave him Security for the Restitution of the Earldom of Burgundy and the rest of the Dutchy wrongfully detained from him At the same time died the Emperor Frederick and his Son Maximilian succeeded him King Ferdinand continued still in Aragon and Catalonia till such time as according to Contract Russillon and Cerdaigne were delivered to him in September the French Garrison marching out All Historians and especially the French blame that King for parting with those Dominions he had in possession upon an uncertain hope Many lay the blame on the Bishop of Albi who was the French Ambassador at the Treaty and say he was corrupted with Spanish Gold CHAP. III. Palma one of the Canary Islands Conquered The Masterships of the Three Military Orders annexed to the Crown of Castile The Original of the Neopolitan War The death of Ferdinand King of Naples AT the same time that King Ferdinand recovered Russillon he was in the farthest part of Spain restored to the Island of Cadiz and its Port which is one of the most famous in the whole World King Henry the IV. had with his wonted Prodigality given it to D. John Ponce de Leon Earl of Arcos who dying some Months after the taking of Granada that Island was taken from Rodcrick Ponce his Grandson and Heir and restored to the Crown Yet in lieu of it the Town of Casares in Africk was given to Roderick Ponce and his Title of Earl changed into that of Duke of Arcos The Island Palma one of the Canaries was now Conquered by Alonso de Lugo sent by the King and Queen upon that Expedition But the most considerable thing which hapned this Year was that the King possessed himself of the Masterships of the Three Military Orders in Castile The Masters were exempt from the Regal Jurisdiction and were so excessive powerful by reason of their vast Riches and many Dependants that they were grown terrible to the Kings themselves For this reason Pope Innocent the VIII granted the Catholick King Ferdinand should hold those Masterships as Administrator This Bull was obtained about the same time that D. Garcia de Padilla Master of Calatrava departed this Life which was in the Year 1487 and D. Alonso de Cardenas Master of Santiago dying at this time the King took possession of that Mastership The following Year he agreed with
D. John de Zun̄iga Master of Alcantara to resign up that Dignity to him and in lieu of it to accept of the Archbishoprick of Sevil. Thus the King became Master of those Three Orders for his Life and Pope Alexander joined with him Queen Elizabeth appointing her to Inherit those Dignities after his death Lastly Pope Adrian some Years after to oblige his Schollar Charles the Emperor granted to him and his Heirs the Presentation of all the Bishops in Spain which before the Kings had only liberty to recommend by way of Suit He also assigned him the Administration of the Three Military Orders for ever To this last Master of Alcantara who was afterwards a Cardinal The Master Antony de Nebriga dedicated his Dictionary This was a Man worthy of Immortal Fame and to have his Name Recorded in the History of Spain as well because he laid the Foundation of all the Learning of the Latin Tongue there as for the many Books he writ fraught with good Doctrine and Learning Among his other Works he composed the Histories of the Wars of Granada and that of Navarre which hapned some Years after true it is in those Works there appears more of his diligence and sincerity than elegancy At the same time that the Marquess of Cadiz and Master of Santiago died Henry de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia and D. Peter Enriquez Lieutenant of Andaluzia departed this Life D. John his Son succeeded the Duke Not long before Peter Hernandez de Velasco the Constable dying Bernardin de Velasco his Son succeeded him and Married the Lady Joanna de Aragon King Ferdinand's Bastard Daughter Nothing hapned about this time more remarkable or that put Italy and the most part of Europe into a greater confusion than the famous War in Naples undertaken by Charles the VIII King of France as has been before hinted To speak of this War let us recollect what has been in other places said of the Original Causes of it Pope Urban the VI. caused Charles Prince of Durazzo to come out of Hungary to oppose him against Joanna Queen of Naples who had favoured the Election of Clement the VII his Competitor whereby the Peace of the Church was much disturbed She called to her assistance Luis Duke of Anjou younger Son to the King of France and adopted him her Son and Heir to that Kingdom This Luis had a Son of his own Name who made War upon Ladislaus Son to Charles and King of Naples but his success was no better than his Father's for both were unfortunate in that War Luis the Grandson was called by Pope Martin the V. against Joanna the younger Queen of Naples and Sister to Ladislaus This Luis expelled Alonso King of Aragon whom the said Joanna had adopted and afterwards cast off Renee his Brother succeeded Luis with him King Alonso was long at War and at last forced him to return into France John Duke of Lorrain was Son to this Renée and in the Barons War much distressed King Fredcrick of Naples and afterwards headed the Catalonians in Rebellion against King John He dying at Barcelona as has been said Charles Nephew to Renèe his Brother's Son Inherited his Possessions This Charles in his Will constituted Luis the XI King of France his Heir believing Renée Duke of Lorrain his own Nephew could not be able to withstand the power of the Aragonians This was the original Cause of the War in Naples Another secondary Cause was added in this manner Galleazzo Duke of Milan being Murdered by his Subjects Luis Sforcia his Brother took upon him the Government of that Dukedom under colour of the Minority of John Galleazzo Son to the deceased Luis Sforcia had to Wife Beatrix Sister to to Hercules Duke of Ferrara Also Alonso Duke of Calabria Son to the King of Naples was Married to Hippolita Sister to Luis Sforcia by whom he had Ferdinand and Elizabeth Ferdinand was King of Naples after his Grandfather and Father Elizabeth was Married to John Galeazzo the true Duke of Milan This Lady seeing her Husband excluded tho' he had Two Children by her perswaded her Father to restore her Husband to the Inheritance left him by his Ancestors Luis Sforcia perceiving what a Storm threatned him from Naples invited Charles the VIII King of France to Invade that Kingdom which he said of right appertained to him Many Men of Note of his own Subjects encouraged the King to undertake this Enterprize as also some Barons of Naples Banished by King Ferdinand Philip de Comines says those Noblemen were well received at first yet such was their entertainment that necessity drove them to have recourse to King Ferdinand who had a better-Title to that Crown than the Possessors who were of the Bastard Line Yet the King perceiving those Lords only sought their own ends and would consequently follow him that came first thought not fit to engage in that War and only endeavoured to disswade the French from it By this time they were so far ingagaged there was no going back Both Parties sought to strengthen themselves with Alliances The French and Milaneses joyned in League with all the States of Italy except the Florentines who at first favoured the Aragonians and the Venetians who chose rather to stand neuter than favour either side Pope Alexander tho' at first he appeared averse from the Kings of Naples at last upon promise that his Sons should have possessions given them in that Kingdom and that a yearly Pension should be paid to him he resolved to stand by those who had obliged him The King of Naples ceased not to provide for the War and make all the Friends he could Particularly he sent an Ambassador into Spain to press the King to make War upon France He urged their near Kindred as being Cousin-germans and Brothers in-Law and put King Ferdinand in mind of the danger of Sicily in Case the French became Masters of Naples All this moved not King Ferdinand to break with France only he sent Garcilasso de la Vega to the Pope to confirm him in his resolution of protecting the King of Naples and D. Alonso de Silva brother to the Earl of Cifuentes was sent to France to disswade that King from the Enterprize he had in hand and in case he would not desist declare to him that King Ferdinand could not forsake his kinsman and Ally This hapned at the beginning of the Year 1494 when King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth having till then staid in Aragon went away from Zaragoça to Tordesillas thence to Valladolid and so to Medina del Campo There they received advice that Ferdinand King of Naples was departed this Life He died on the 25th of January of a great Age and in care for the War then in Hand Unfortunate on the one side for leaving his Affairs in so ill a Posture the chief cause whereof was his austere Temper Happy on the other side that he lived not to see the Ruin of that his
they were his own and presented the Clergy to the Pope for Benefices a Prerogative only pertaining to the King and not to his Lieutenant They also alledged he did not put in execution the King's Grants as appeared in the Case of John Claver whom he kept out of the Estate of Alonso de Sanseverino given him by the King as he had done in other Cases That at least he ought to have given his Reasons for suspending those Grants if there were any There is no doubt but in this particular the Great Captain was to blame but perhaps his Meaning might be good tho' the times would not bear it These Articles were urged and much aggravated by the Coloneses and particularly by Prosper Colona who went to Spain purposely to complain and endeavour the Great Captain should be removed His greatest Grievance was that Bartholomew de Albiano had been better Rewarded than either he or his Brother The Great Captain advised the Catholick King to satisfie Prosper yet so as not to wrong the Ursini because it concerned him much to bind both those Families to his Service In fine the Complaints against the Great Captain were so urged that the King resolved to send Alonso Deza one of the Queens Servants to him to lay before him all the Heads of his Accusation and charge him for the future to take Care that the Revenue should be prudently managed that the Soldiery should be kept under the greatest part whereof he Ordered to be drawn away to serve in the War he designed to make in Africk The Administration of Justice he Ordered to be reduced to the ancient Form and that John Baptista de Espinelo should not execute the Office of Conservator that Name being very odious in the Kingdom In short that he should not intermeddle with any thing farther than belonged to the Authority of a Viceroy This last Article highly offended the Great Captain thinking it a great Indignity that he who had Conquered the Kingdom with so much Glory and obtained so many Victories should be â—â—â—d up to the common Rules of other Governors It also perplexed him that the Lieutetenancy of Castelnovo which he had conferred upon NunÌ„o de Ocampo was given without his knowledge to Luis Peixo In France there was a Discourse of changing the Truce into a Peace It was also proposed to restore King Frederick which the Catholick King was not averse to provided the Duke of Calabria would Marry Joanna Queen of Naples his Niece The King of France would have him Marry Germana de Faux his Niece in case that King were Reestablished but he rather inclined to the other proposal of marrying Charles Son to the Archduke with Claudia his Daughter Some Months were spent in these Debates The King of France would refer the matter to the Pope and the King of Spain would have the Cardinals joined with the Pope In short they agreed in nothing The greatest Difficulty was in restoring the Barons of the French Faction for the King of France solemnly Engaged when the Princes of Salerno Bisignano and Melfi came to him not to make Peace with Spain unless they were restored to their Estates After much Canvassing the matter without coming to any Agreement and the News coming that Pisa had declared for Spain the King of France in a Rage ordered the Spanish Ambassadors Gralla and Antony Augustin to depart the Court They visited the Queen and Legate and the next day had a Conference with King Frederick assuring him of the Catholick King 's good-will towards him and telling him he might by the Management of Affairs perceive whose fault it was that he was not Restored to his Kingdom This done they took their way towards Spain on the 26th of August CHAP. V The League betwixt the Emperor the Archduke and King of France The League against the Venetians The death of King Frederick of Naples and Queen Elizabeth of Castile Contention about the Government of Castile betwixt King Ferdinand and King Philip Treaties with France ONE of the principal Causes of removing the Spanish Ambassadors was that they might not hinder the proceedings towards a League Offensive and Defensive soon after Concluded on the 22th of September betwixt the Emperor the Archduke his Son and the King of France The principal Articles were That the Emperor should attempt nothing against the Dukedom of Milan or any other State then in League with France but should pardon all Offences by them committed against the Empire since King Charles passed the Alpes till that day That if for the future they failed of their Duty he might Punish them and the King of France should not Protect them That the Investiture of Milan should within 3 Months be given to the King of France for him and his Heirs he paying 200000 Livers for the same That the King of France should come to no Agreement with the Catholick King about the Kingdom of Naples without the Emperor's Consent and in case the Catholick King would not be brought to Composition the Emperor should assist the King of France to Recover that Kingdom That Lands and Revenues should be assigned in France to the Children of Luis Sforcia last Duke of Milan whensoever they would go thither That all those who were fled thence should be restored to their Estates and the King's favour Four months were allowed the Catholick King to come into the League upon Condition he should resign all his Right to the Kingdom of Naples to Charles his Grandson on the Terms before proposed and that each of the Allies should have 3 Months allowed him to bring his Confederates into the League It much disgusted the Catholick King and most Men observed that neither the Emperor nor the Archduke named him among their Allies This League was managed openly but under Hand another was agreed upon betwixt the same Princes and the Pope on pretence of Uniting their Forces against the Turks but the real design was against the Venetians Each of those Princes pretended that Seigneury wrongfully detained several Towns of theirs which now they proposed to Recover by Force A mighty Storm threatned that State whereof Lawrence Suarez de Figueroa gave them notice designing to draw them to join with Spain The Enemy was Powerful and the Catholick King much Exhausted for it appeared by his Books that he had already returned above 331 Millions for the Charge of that War in Italy F. Mariana names not what these Millions were of I guess them to be of Maravedies which will amount to above 160000 Pounds Sterling a vast Sum in those days The Venetians would not believe any thing of that League and were resolved to stand Neuters and take Party with that Side which proved strongest At the same time they held Intelligence with the Soldan of Egypt for hindring the Portugues Trade in India which totally Ruined theirs at Alexandria To this effect they sent an Ambassador to the Soldan and Founders to cast Guns as also Shipwrights
seized whereupon he went over to the other Party The Spanish Soldiers who according to the King's Order were to be dismissed tho' it was given out they should be sent to the Conquest of Gelves mutinied and much perplexed the Great Captain Yet he appeased and sent them to Spain as he was ordered The Emperor and King Philip met to ratifie the Treaty concluded with the King of France from whom came also the Cardinal of Amboise who took the Oath and did Homage to the Emperor in the Name of the King his Master for the Investiture of Milan granted to him and his Heirs Males and for want of them it was to devolve to his Daughter Claudia and Charles her Husband Yet in case that Marriage were disappointed through the King of France's means then that Dukedom should again fall to the House of Austria It was also declared that Investiture was given saving always a better Title which afterwards the Sons of Sforcia pleaded for recovery of that Dukedom On account of the first of these Conditions Prince Charles when Emperor pretended that Dominion appertained to him but then the King of France was to be repaid the 200000 Livres he gave for the Investiture Nothing was concluded concerning the Kingdom of Naples but the Marriage of Prince Charles and the Princess Claudia being confirmed it was supposed to be designed for her Dowry as had been before agreed These things perplexed the Catholick King who therefore contrived how to gain the King of France and secure himself on that side He thought the best way was to marry Germana de Foix that King's Niece F. John de Enguerra of the Order of S. Bernard and Inquisitor in Catalonia was sent to propose this Match This was so pleasing to the King of France that he resigned over the Kingdom of Naples to his Niece and her Heirs On the other side the Catholick King consented That in case he had no Issue by her that Kingdom should devolve to the King of France and his Heirs Besides he engaged to pay him 500000 Ducats within the space of 10 Years He also promised to restore the Barons of the French Faction which was hard to be done All the Prisoners the Great Captain had were also to be set at liberty and namely the Prince of Rosano and Marquess de Bitonto Only Duke Valentine and the Earl of Pallas were excepted On these Terms the King of France promised to aid the Catholick King against the Emperour and his Son in case they attempted to remove him from the Government of Castile Guicciardin adds That the Catholick King engaged to assist Gaston de Foix his Brother-in Law to conquer the Kingdom of Navarre to which he pretended to have Right As also That the King of France should send the Queen-Dowager of Naples with her Children into Spain and if she would not go then to order her to depart his Dominions All these Articles were agreed upon this Summer and on the 25th of August D. John de Sylva Earl of Cifuentes and Micer Thomas Malferit were sent from Segovia to France with the former Ambassador F. John d' Enguerra to Sign them They had also Orders to release the Prisoners at Naples and to secure the return of those that were banished It was also proposed to Robert de Sanseverino Prince of Salerno and Head of the Banished Barons to marry the Lady Marina d' Aragon Daughter to D. Alonso d' Aragon Duke of Villahermosa and Earl of Ribagorça which was so pleasing to the King of France that he endeavoured to hinder King Philip from going into Spain sending his Secretary to require him not to undertake that Journey till the Differences betwixt him and his Father-in Law were adjusted To make the surer of him he encouraged the Duke of Guelders to prosecute the War against him with a greater Power This Treaty put the Kingdom of Naples into an Uproar and those Barons who were possessed of the Lands of them that were fled combined to stand by one another Prosper Colona went to Rome and offered the Pope to conquer that Kingdom for him provided the King of France would quit his Claim The Nobility of Castile were no less disgusted it being reported That Queen Elizabeth before she died obliged King Ferdinand to swear he would never marry before she committed to him the Government of the Kingdom Some blamed the Great Captain because he did not declare for King Philip since that Match of King Ferdinand cut off Prince Charles from Inheriting the Kingdom of Naples whether the King had Issue or not King Philip was not a little offended to have the Kingdom of Naples absolutely disposed of from him and the Crown of Aragon left disputable if King Ferdinand should have a Son The Catholick King to prevent further Misunderstandings sent D. Peter Ayala the Protonotary who had been before Ambassador in England to Flanders that he with Gutierre Gomez de Fuensalida his Ambassador there should acquaint King Philip with the Treaty concluded and endeavour the Enlargement of Lope de Conchillos kept close Prisoner at Vilvorde As to the Marriage King Philip in general Terms answered He rejoiced at it that King Ferdinand was free and might marry where he pleased For what concerned Lope de Conchillos he said he was his Servant and received Wages from him and therefore having imprisoned him for his Demerits he did not design to release him Still the Venetians looked on without perceiving how great a Storm threatned them True it is they compounded with the Pope retaining Faença and Arimino and restoring what they had in the Earldoms of Imola and Sessena On these Terms they took into their protection the Duke of Urbino and the Prefect of Rome the Pope's Nephew whom the Duke had adopted and to the intent he might inherit the Dukedom given him to Wife the Daughter of the Marquess of Mantua his Brother-in-Law Advice was given to the Great Captain of the Peace concluded with the King of France and he ordered to come to Spain the Archbishop of Zaragoça being privately appointed Viceroy of Naples The Great Captain expressed Joy for the Peace and caused it to be proclaimed at Naples and as to his departure answered it should be very speedily but still he found Excuses to delay it which encreased the Jealousie before conceived of him and furnished much matter of Discourse tho' he sent his Secretary John Lopez de Vergara to justifie him CHAP. VII Mazalquivir in Africk taken from the Moors The Nobility of Spain divided for and against King Philip The Agreement made betwixt the Two Kings Ferdinand and Philip The latter in England THE Archbishop of Toledo never forsook the Catholick King but upon all occasions stood by him with extraordinary Fidelity and was a great Check to many disaffected Persons This Prelate was a Man of a mighty Spirit and more Generous than might have been expected of his mean Education He often pressed the
and believed the Country would not be satisfied to have Force used against its rightful Sovereigns When things were in this posture tending to a Breach King Philip sent ample Commission to his Ambassadors to promote an Accommodation In pursuance hereof the Two Kings came to an Agreement at Salamanca on the 24th of November upon the following Conditions That both Kings and the Queen should Govern jointly and all their Names should be inserted in all Orders Patents or other publick Wrings and the Secretaries should subscribe by Order of their Highnesses That as soon as King Philip and Queen Joanna came into the Kingdom they should be Sworn King and Queen King Ferdinand Governor and Prince Charles Heir apparent of the Kingdoms of Castile Leon and Granada That the Revenue of the said Kingdoms should be divided into Two equal Parts after all charges deducted one Part for King Ferdinand the other for King Philip and his Queen That all Employments should be given in like manner even the Commendaries of the Military Orders tho' the Administration of them appertained beyond all dispute to the Catholick King The Pope the Emperor and Kings of England and Portugal were chosen Guarrantees for the performance hereof It was also decreed that in case the Queen would not be concerned in the Government still all Three Names should be used but only the Two Kings Subscribe and if either of the Two was absent then all business should be done by the other A Copy of these Articles was sent to Flanders which displeased King Philip and his howsoever they were accepted of and Sworn to for the King of France had great power in Flanders and besides they hoped when they came into Spain all things would become more easie Now the Secretary Lope de Conchillos was enlarged having been all this while close Prisoner This Agreement was Proclaimed at Salamanca on the 6th of January 1506 and Two days after the King and Queen set Sail from Zealand Such a violent Storm arose that some Ships were lost and the rest forced to put into Weymouth in England Thence King Philip went to Windsor to meet the King of England where they concluded a League and agreed that the King of England should Marry Margaret of Austria Widow of the late Duke of Savoy and Prince Charles of Austria Marry that Kings Daughter which Matches took no effect King Philip delivered up the Duke of Suffolk who had put himself into his Protection to the King of England In this and in Feasting was spent all the next Month after which King Philip returned to Plymouth to take Ship The Catholick King hearing of the Storm his Son-in-Law had been in gathered all the best Ships along the Coast of Spain and sent them to him under the Command of D. Charles Enriquez de Cisneros who about this time raised the Estate which his Family still possesses at Portugalete At such time as the Treaty was at Salamanca the Catholick King writ a Letter to D. John Manuel requiring him to advise King Philip to wave all past discontents and be entirely reconciled It will not be amiss to insert his answer to shew the Wit and boldness of that Gentleman it is thus I received your Highness's Letter and shall perform what is your Order which is to use all my endeavours that past Discontents may be laid aside and Friendship established for it is not to be doubted that so good a Master as your Highness and such good Schollars as the King and Queen will contribute much to the Happiness of those Kingdoms God and my Conscience can bear Witness that has been always my Study tho' some and perhaps your Highness may have judged otherwise by the ill Usage I have received But Mens Tongues and Thoughts are not to be Confined nor do I seek any Reward for what I have done It would suffice that my past Services and Fatigues were not forgotten as they are I judge by my Age and the small regard had of me that your Highness designs me no other recompence in this World but in Prayers against I go into the next Which reward I do not aspire to for I have often heard it said that a Prince can carry his Ministers to Hell but never that any King tho' the most Christian as is he of France fetched any of his Favourites out of Purgatory However I will not fail of doing my Duty nor forbear begging your Highness to use your ordinary Goodness and Prudence towards advancing this Agreement CHAP. VIII The Affairs of Portugal A bloody Mutiny at Lisbon King Ferdinand Marries Queen Germana King Philip comes into Spain and declares against the Treaty with King Ferdinand Death of Christopher Columbus THE Catholick King sent Ambassadors to the Princes appointed Guarranties betwixt himself and his Son-in-Law In particular he applied himself to King Emanuel of Portugal to understand how he would stand affected in case the Agreement were broken He answered in general Terms being in strict League with King Philip. In order to entertain whom he made great Preparations and caused much Plate to be provided either to Treat or present him for it was believed he would Land in Andaluzia and therefore might touch in some part of Portugal But the Plague spread there and was come to Santarem which made the King remove from Almeirin to Abrantes a Town seated on a rising Ground and healthy There on the 3d of March the Queen was delivered of Prince Luis who proved a Person of singular Worth Piety and Virtue especially towards the end of his life which was short Yet in his youth he had by a mean Woman a Bastard Son called Antony who was Prior of Ocrato and famous for that upon the death of his Unkle Henry the King and Cardinal he took upon him the Title of King and brought great mischief upon his Country The joy for the Birth of the Prince was allaied by a mutiny raised in Lisbon upon a light occasion In the Church of S. Dominick was a Crucifix which over the wound of the Breast had a Glass Some People hearing Mass there thought the light that came from that Glass had been miraculous which one there present being a Jew newly converted freely contradicted The People in a rage laying hold of him dragged him out of the Church made a Fire then killed and burnt him A Friar of that Convent coming out made an Harangue to the rabble exhorting them to revenge the injuries done to our Saviour by the Jews which was pouring Oyl upon the Fire for immediately the multitude ran to the Houses of the new Converts Two of the Friars going before them with a Cross Such was their fury and madness that in Three days this mutiny lasted they murdered above 2000 of those People and among them either through mistake or for private grudges several of the ancient Christians The Flemmings and Germans that were aboard their Ships in the Harbour came
and Queen of Navarre These were all Chimera's framed according to every Man's Interest They said the Archbishop aimed at a Cardinal's Cap and desired a Bishoprick for his Companion F. Francis Ruyz The Duke del Infantado coveted the Bishoprick of Palençia for one of his Sons The Duke of Albuquerque would have the Castle of Segovia restored to the Marquess of Moya The Duke of Najara was displeased to see the Constable so great with the Catholick King and the Marquess de Villena was envious of the Duke of Alva's Favour The Earl of Benavente would have the Fair granted to his own Town of Villalon by King Philip confirmed tho' it was to the Prejudice of Medina del Campo Others had other private Pretensions without any regard to the Publick Good To prevent Disorders the Archbishop of Toledo and the Deputies for deciding of Controversies agreed that the Nobility should Swear That before the Meeting of the Cortes they would not call in any Prince nor make any sort of Contract with any and the Catholick King from Naples writ to many of the Nobility promising to content them in their Pretensions The Dissention among the Nobility gave occasion to many Disorders One was the escape of Duke Valentine from Mota de Medina He fled to the Lands of the Earl of Benavente and thence with the assistance of the said Earl to Navarre D. John de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia sent his Son Henry with Forces to besiege Gibraltar a Place given him by King Henry and taken away by King Ferdinand The Governour in it defended himself and Relief being sent by the Earl of Tendilla and the Councils of some Cities the Siege was raised The Archbishop of Sevill promised he would prevail with the Queen and the King her Father to stand Trial at Law with the Duke Afterwards the Duke and Archbishop met at Toçina with the Earl of Urena and Cabra and the Marquess of Priego and there engaged together to stand by the Queen and Kingdom to obey all Orders from the Queen and Council but as for the Cortes they protested if their Resolutions were not for the Honour of God and the Advantage of the Queen and her Kingdom they thought not themselves obliged to obey them D. Roderick de Mendoça Marquess of Cenete was upon marrying the Lady Fonseca but some Dispute arising about it that Lady was by the Queen's Order secured yet the Marquess took her by force out of the Monastery of Huelgas at Valladolid At Toledo the Earl of Fuensalida would not allow Peter de Castilla as Governour but the Family of the Sylva's and some Soldiers sent by Ferdinand de Vega standing by him the Earl was forced to desist At Madrid the Family of the Zapata's and D. Peter Lasso de Castilla took up Arms for the Catholick King and John Arias to oppose them At Segovia the Marquess of Moya secured the Great Church and Gates of the City hoping to recover the Castle Thus all the Kingdom was in a Flame and no body to quench it CHAP. II. Queen Joanna departs from Burgos Is wholly incapable of having any Part in the Government The Affairs of Naples Queen Joanna brought to bed of a Daughter at Torquemada Great Disorders in Castile THE Queen by reason of her Indisposition was rather a Hindrance than a Help to Business On All-Saints-day having heard Mass in the Monastery of Miraflores after Dinner she caused the Coffin of the late King her Husband to be opened as was believed fearing it had been carried away to Flanders by the Flemings who pressed to be paid their Arrears in order to return home This being proposed to the Queen she gave no answer but that she would take care to pray to God for her Husband It was several times proposed to remove her from Burgos but she could be persuaded to nothing that did not hit with her own Humour Her Company she most delighted in was the Lady Joanna d' Aragon the Marchioness of Denia the Countess of Salinas and the Lady Mary de Ulloa Being very big with Child she resolved to remove to Torquemada and carry the Body of her Husband in order to send it to Granada The day before she set out she commanded John Lopez de Lazarra her Secretary to write an Order by which all Grants made by her Husband were vacated This being a thing of dangerous Consequence the Secretary delayed it and thereupon she called Four of the Council to issue that Order She appointed such as had been of the Council in the time of her Mother to continue and the rest to be removed Some of the Commons asking whether she would be pleased to send Two of them to intreat King Ferdinand to come and assist her in the Government She answered she would be glad of the King 's coming but said nothing as to the Government Yet she bid them be gone and not meddle in any thing that related to the Cortes without her Order which was as good as dissolving that Assembly The Queen set out by night with the Body of her late King and came about midnight to Cavia and thence went to Torquemada where she stayed At Burgos remained the Council of State the Archbishop of Toledo the Admiral and Duke of Najara Differences arose about protracting the Term prefix'd to the Agreement made betwixt the Nobility The Constable opposed and the Admiral was for prolonging of it and having the Council Obey till the Catholick King came To obstruct whose coming some proposed the Queen should marry but the Queen would hear nothing of it Many Ambassadors from the Princes of Italy resorted to King Ferdinand at Naples It was contrived with the Assistance of the King of France to obstruct the Emperour's taking the Government of Flanders into his hands that so neither he nor his Grandson Prince Charles might come into Spain The King of France endeavoured to join in League with King Ferdinand and the Pope against the Venetians to recover such Places of his as they possessed The Catholick King was willing that so he might regain what they had in the Kingdom of Naples Yet he thought better to be at Peace with that Republick that he might be at leisure to attend the more important Affairs of Castile Some time before died his Ambassador to that State Laurence Suarez and his Son Gonzalo Ruyz de Figueroa succeeded him The Pope tho' assisted by the King of France against John de Bentivoglia who had seized the City Bolognia yet thought good to make use of the Catholick King who sent to acquaint Bentivoglia That he could not but assist the Pope in recovering the Patrimony of the Church Hereupon Bentivoglia offered to admit the Pope upon certain Conditions which was accordingly done King Ferdinand sent Antony d' Acun̄a to Congratulate with the Pope and endeavour to join in a strict League with him to the end to obtain the Investiture of Naples for himself and his Heirs notwithstanding
He of Burgos delayed whereupon the King sent Peter Navarro with Forces to besiege it and then the Lieutenant submitted as did all the others D. John Manuel by the way of Navarre went into France designing for Germany There only remained the Duke of Najara who fortified that Town and levied Forces hoping the Emperour would soon come and therefore acted in the Name of Prince Charles as his Viceroy To put a stop to these troubles the King set out towards Burgos and from Arcos sent Ferdinand Duke of Strada to require that Duke to deliver up his Forts The Duke excused himself The King leaving the Queen at Arcos because she would not go to Burgos where she lost her Husband went on himself in order to force the Duke Count Peter Navarro was sent with his Forces the Guards and Artillery to seize all the Duke's Estate and his Person Several of the Nobility interposed and the Duke submitted to deliver up many Places of Strength Hereupon the King pardoned the Duke and not long after by degrees restored all those Forts to Duke Antony Manrique Earl of Triveno Son to the Duke To oblige the Duke of Albuquerque the King proposed to marry the Lady Joanna de Aragon Daughter to the Archbishop of Zoragoça to the Dukes eldest Son but this Match did not succeed and she was afterwards married to D. John de Borgia Duke of Gandia The Emperor was much offended at the Kings of France and Spain He complained of the Catholick King for that he had seized upon the Government of Castile without agreeing with him It was reported he would send 3000 Germans to Naples to favour the Pretensions of the Duke of Calabria and it was also suspected that the Great Captain forwarded this Design in hopes to marry his eldest Daughter to the Duke and would accept of the Command of General of the Forces of the Church with a Pension of 6000 Ducats But those were mere Jealousies and soon after the Emperor declared he would break through the Dutchy of Milan and with all his Forces invade the State of Venice The Catholick King took care to secure the Duke of Calabria who was at his Court The Emperor was offended at the King of France for that he supported the Duke of Guelders and had made War in Burgundy at the time that King Ferdinand went into Italy He did not approve of the Conference betwixt the two Kings and took it ill that the Match betwixt Prince Charles and the Princess Claudia was broke off At this time that Lady was contracted to the Duke of Angoulesme Heir to the Crown of France and therefore the Emperor pleaded the Investiture of the Dutchy of Milan according to the Agreement made with King Philip was void The Catholick King valued not the Match thinking by this means to secure Prince Charles the Inheritance of the Kingdom of Naples The King of France not regarding the Emperor's Complaints he thought of marrying Prince Charles to Mary Daughter to the King of England This Match was so far advanced that the Princess's Portion was assigned to be 250000 Crowns and the Time and Place of Marriage appointed It was concluded the Consent of King Ferdinand and Queen Joanna should be asked but the Marriage to be consummated tho they opposed it This Match pleased the King of England yet he was willing to oblige King Ferdinand in hopes himself to marry Queen Joanna The Catholick King gave him good words to secure the Marriage of his Daughter the Princess Catherine with the Prince of Wales But the King of England at the same time delayed in hopes to promote the Match for himself which was a strange Complication of Politicks Death broke off all the King of England's designs Many said King Ferdinand intended to marry Queen Joanna to his Brother-in-law Gaston de Foix to put him in possession of the Kingdom of Navarre to which he pretended a Right and by that means take revenge of the King and Queen of Navarre who had often offended him and lastly in siezing the Estate of of the Earl of Lerin who was married to his Sister and refusing to restore and stand Tryal with him D. John Manuel was come to the Emperor's Court but not so well looked upon as before which he perceiving thought of returning to Spain In order to it he proposed to King Ferdinand either to restore him to his Estate and treat him according to his quality or else to give him leave with his Wife and Children to go to Portugal otherwise he must like a desperate Man do all that he could against him Nothing was granted him and he tho out of favour by his sharp Wit sowed Discord betwixt those two Princes It was also believed Cardinal Bernardin de Carvajal the Pope's Legate at the Emperor's Court did King Ferdinand no good Offices there wherefore the King requested of the Pope that he might be removed and called back to Rome which at last he obtained CHAP. V. The Designs of bringing Prince Charles into Spain King Ferdinand in Andaluzia to settle that Country Penon in Africk taken by the Spaniards the Portugueses loosers at Azamor in that part of the World yet relieve Arzila THe Emperor now declared his warlike Preparations were not designed against Naples but against the French in Milan and tho the Pope and King Ferdinand interposed for a Peace or Truce he would not give ear to it unless upon very advantageous Conditions He left the Princess Margaret his Daughter to Govern Flanders in Jan. 1508 marched towards Italy and in February came to Trent There he took the Name of Emperor Elect being till then called King of the Romans His General was the Marquess of Brandenburgh his Forces so small that no great matter could be expected of them The first Hostilities were committed in the Valley of Cadoro subject to the Venetians and the Emperor understanding that 5000 Swiss were going into the French Service returned into Switzerland to prevent it and thence to Luxemburgh because French Forces marched that way Upon his departure most of the Germans at Cadora disbanded and 2000 that remained were defeated by the Venetians The Catholick King tho setled in the Government of Castile thought himself not secure knowing there were many that persisted in their aversness to him Among the rest the Bioshps of Badajoz and Catania signalized themselves having no hopes of Preferment unless the Government were changed The Pope at the King's Suits commissioned the Archbishop of Toledo and Bishop of Burgos to prosecute them He of Badajoz endeavouring to make his escape into Flanders was apprehended near Santander and after being Prisoner some time at Atiença was remitted to the Archbishop of Toledo according to the Pope's Order D. Jayme de Conchillos Bishop of Girachi the King's Ambassador at the Emperor's Court pressed to have Prince Charles sent to Spain to have him bred after the manner of the Country and to secure his Succession but the Emperor
Army by the end of May. Villamarin Earl of Capacho the Admiral was ready at Messina with 12 Galleys and 10 Ships and only expected the French Fleet to join him in order to go upon the Coast of Apulia but there was no need of these Preparations For as soon as the Viceroy of Naples laid siege to Trana the Seigneury of Venice sent Orders to all their Governours on that Coast to deliver up the Cities The Duke of Ferrara and Marquess of Mantua took some Places from the Venetians to which they pretended a Title Venice was brought so low that it was reported the Senate designed to submit it self to the King of Hungary to be by him protected There remained the Emperour who in June was 7 Leagues from Inspruck on his way to Italy On the 8th of that Month the Florentines subdued the City of Pisa As soon as the Emperor came to Esternan the Venetians proposed an Accommodation with him and it was said they sent him a Blank signed for him to make his own Conditions so he would protect them in that desperate Condition As the Emperor marched all Places submitted to him so that the Venetians had not a Foot of Land left them in Italy except the City Venice which the Emperor designed to besiege by Sea and Land To this purpose he would have the French and Spanish Fleets join to shut up the Sea whilst his and the French Forces attacked it by Land Nay he proposed when taken to have it divided into Four Parts with as many Castles whereof each of the Confederate Princes should have one In order to it the Catholick King tho' he disbanded all the Land-Forces save 500 which were to be transported into Spain ordered the Fleet to stay in Italy yet afterwards neither the Pope nor he would consent to the utter subverting of that State considering it would redound only to the Advantage of France by reason their Dominion of Milan lay so near and the others so far off Nay they apprehended it might be a step towards making that King Master of all Italy and that then he might make a Pope according to his own Mind which the present Pope was so apprehensive of that both he and the Catholick King laboured all that in them was to disappoint an Interview proposed betwixt the Emperor and King of France As soon as the King of France possessed himself of what he desired he returned to Milan and thence to his Kingdom He left 1500 Horse in the Cities newly taken and Charles d' Amboise as General The Imperial Forces lay at Treviso and Friouli which was all the Venetians had left them in Italy Andrew Gritti by Intelligence he had with some of the Inhabitants recovered the City Padua for the Venetians 42 days after it had submitted to the Emperor This News being brought to him he retired into the Country of Tirol With the same ease the Venetians took Assula where they put to the Sword 150 Spaniards that were there in Garrison the same they did to 200 more they found in Castelfranco and took Alvarado their Captain Prisoner Most of the 1500 Spaniards that went over from the French Service to the Emperor were thus killed or taken Verona being about to revolt was prevented by the Sieur de la Palisse who secured it till the Emperor who expected Supplies out of Germany and Flanders sent to take possession of it He made up an Army of 30000 Men. The King of France sent him 1300 Horse the Pope 300 and afterwards 1000 Spanish Foot With these Forces he laid Siege to Padua on the 5th of September The Earl of Pitillano and all the Chief Commanders of Venice threw themselves into the City Their greatest Strength consisted in 2000 Albanian Horse who did much harm among the Imperialists A Breach being made the City was assaulted but the Enemy repulsed twice fresh Supplies still coming in to the Besieged till they made up 25000 Men. In the first Attack many of the Spaniards were killed being blown up in a Bastion they gained This discouraged the Imperialists so that about the beginning of October they raised the Siege Their Retreat soon changed the face of Affairs The People of Vicenza being assisted from Padua took Gaspar de Sanseverino left in that City with 3000 Germans The Forces of Venice recovered Este Monfilice and Montagnana and then laid siege to Ferrara but the Forces of France and the Pope coming to the Relief of the Town and having sunk 17 of their Galleys on the Po they were forced to draw off Andrew Gritti had before taken the Marquess of Mantua and was about changing him for Bartholome d' Albiano who was in great Esteem tho' blamed for his Rashness at the Battel of Abdua Verona was disposed to submit to the Venetians D. Jhen Manuel was in it with 2000 Spaniards ill paid but some French Forces came and secured that Place The main Strength of the French Army lay between Bressa and Verona John James Trivulcio was in Bressa D. John Manuel resigned his Command to one Luis de Biamonte who had been some years in the French Service CHAP. VIII The Accord betwixt the Emperor and King Ferdinand Bugia and Tripoli in Barbary taken by the Spaniards and Goa in India by the Portugueses AFter the Earl of Lerin Constable of Navarrè died the Catholick King was the more pressing with the King of Navarre to restore Luis de Biamonte Son to the Deceased and his own Nephew Nothing could be obtained tho' it was pleaded the Son had no hand in his Father's Crimes The People of Sanguessa made an Inroad into Aragon on pretence to take Ul and Filera which Towns they said belonged to them On the other side the Aragonians ravaged all the Plain of Sanguessa up to the Walls of the Town These things seemed to tend to a War but being private Grievances they were not looked upon as a Breach D. Luis sought to recover his Estate by force of Arms. The Emperor and King of Spain proposed some means to agree about the Government The Catholick King tho' well fixed in the possession of it was willing to agree to prevent Disorders which the Discontented Nobility seemed to threaten Yet he would keep the Government as long as his Daughter lived but if she died then to resign to Prince Charles when he was 20 Years of Age. The King of France and Cardinal d' Amboise were chosen Arbitrators Andrew de Burgo came to Spain to Capitulate and was well received The Bishop of Catania was with the Emperour upon the same account At length these two Princes agreed upon these Articles That the Catholick King should continue in the Government but in case he had any Issue Male then Prince Charles should again be Sworn Heir to the Crown of Castile in the Cortes and King Ferdinand should also Swear to Govern that Kingdom to the Prince's Advantage The Emperour would have had the Prince receive the Revenue of
of Italy The Pope thought being at Bolonia to advance the War against Ferrara in which the Duke of Urbin made little Progress On the 6th of October King Ferdinand in the presence of the Emperor's and Prince Charles his Ambassadors and of the Popes Nuncio took an Oath at Madrid to Govern that Kingdom as became a just and rightful Tutor He also Ordered Fabricius Colona with 300 Lances from Naples to go join the Forces of the Church to serve against Ferrara but not against the King of France To oblige him he Ordered the Admiral Villamarin with 11 Gallies that returned from Gelves to join the French Fleet at Genoa in order to secure that City The Duke of Termens was in Verona with 400 Lances in the Emperor's Service and saved that City from falling into the Hands of the Venetians who laid close Siege to it The Pope when he set out Ordered all the Cardinals to follow him but some of them fled to Naples and not being admitted there went thence to Florence There they staid tho' the Pope pressed them to come to him The French now attempted to have surprized Bolonia where the Pope and Cardinals were in great Danger but Fabricius Bolona with his 300 Lances delivered them The Pope fell sick whereupon some scandalous Contrivances began to be among the Cardinals which he having notice of assembled them and published a severe Bull against such as were guilty of Simony in the Election of a Pope The Mutinous Cardinals at Florence thought of calling a general Council to Reform the Church Discipline and also to Depose the Pope The Emperor and King of France joining with them and endeavouring to draw in the Catholick King The Emperor and King of France declared all the Confederate Princes were obliged to assist one another till they had Recovered all that was detained from any of them by the Venetians They also would have the Pope remit the business of Ferrara to be Tried by due Course of Law and in order to it would have all Ecclesiastical Persons not excepting Cardinals or any others to reside at their Benefices upon Penalty of Forfeiting their Revenues This caused the Pope to Excommunicate all the French Commanders in Italy and all those who had any Hand in the Gallican Provincial Synods held to this effect The Catholick King never agreed to this Decree of the Gallican Church but laboured to reconcile the Emperor to the Pope and the Venetians It was now proposed to Marry the Queen of Naples Niece to the Catholick King to Charles Duke of Savoy and the Treaty was so far advanced that 200000 Ducats were assigned for her Portion and she was called Dutchess of Savoy yet at last it broke off and the Duke Married Beatrix Princess of Portugal At Naples the People mutinied because it was designed to introduce the Inquisition there after the manner of Spain The Tumult was so great that the Viceroy to prevent farther mischief commanded all the Jews who were come thither from Spain in great numbers to depart the Kingdom by the last of March as also that the Inquisition should not be Established Thus the People was appeased the Pope himself being of opinion they ought not to have been provoked by erecting that severe Tribunal The King of France was jealous that the Catholick King would join in League with the Pope against him and the Swisse that served the Pope gave him cause to suspect he might intend to War upon Milan He offered very advantageous Conditions but the Pope thought himself secure of all the Dukedom of Ferrara whereof he had already taken the greatest Part. The Emperor required him to restore Modena as a Feoffe of the Empire to which the Pope was not averse so he would ingage not to return it to the Duke of Ferrara nor put it into the Hands of the French The Catholick King had bent his Thoughts against Africk yet neglected not the Affairs of Italy He ordered the Duke of Termens to return to Naples there being no Service about Verona The Duke obeyed and by the way visited the Pope at Bolonia by whom he was well entertained About the beginning of January 1511. King Ferdinand went to Sevil to forward the Preparations for the War in Africk being desirous to Revenge the loss sustained at Gelves and no less that of Hierome Vianelo who was surprized and slain with 400 Men in the Island Querquens between Gelves and Tunez The Pope himself in the dead of Winter laid Siege to and took Mirandula Thence he returned himself to Bolonia but sent his Army to Ferrara Both his Forces and those of the Venetians who came to his assistance were forced by the French to quit that Enterprize In March the Pope at Ravena created 9 Cardinals All the Cardinals in the Conclave wherein Pope Julius was chosen before the Election had taken an Oath that whosoever of them came up Pope would call a general Council within 2 Years after his Promotion to the Pontificate besides it was decreed in the Councils of Constance and Basle that general Councils should meet every 10 Years and grievous penalties denounced to such as should obstruct them Pope Julius after he had obtained the Papacy made no account either of his Oath or the Decrees of those Councils Many were desirous to correct the Abuses crept into the Roman Court especially during the Reigns of Alexander and Julius The Emperor and King of France favouring this Design the Cardinals that were withdrawn from the Pope issued out their Mandates for summoning a general Council to meet at Pisa on the 1st of September The Emperor consented to all this Proceeding and only desired to have the Council assembled at Constance in Germany The Catholick King declared himself against these Practices and advised the Emperor not to have any Hand in them He ordered Cavanillas his Ambassador at the French Court in the best manner that might be to require that King to Restore Bolonia to the Church not to Invade the Territories thereof any farther and to desist from that Affair of the Council The King of France excused himself saying the Pope had infringed the Capitulation made at Cambray nevertheless he would admit of Peace upon honourable Terms He demanded the Articles agreed upon at Cambray should be duly observed That the Cardinals who had forsaken the Court of Rome should be Restored even as they were before they went thence That the Marquess of Mantua who served as General of the Venetians should be Absolved of the Oath he took to that Republick and have his Son Restored to him whom he had delivered to the Pope as Hostage That the Duke of Ferrara should be received into the Pope's favour and the Sentence denounced against him recalled without obliging him to resign his Lands beyond the River Po or Cento or Pieve since they were his Wives Portion The same things were required of the Pope in the Emperor's Name But he looked on
were there taken and carried to Pisa Julius de Medicis the Popes Cousin gave him notice of it and he ordered them to be kept in the Castle of Civita Castellana till such time as they were brought to Trial. Julius de Mediois did much Honour to the Cardinals and to the Sieur de Soliet the King of France his Ambassador who was with them By them he was perswaded to declare for the King of France which was the Original of new Troubles During the Vacancy of the Popedom the Duke of Milan with the Assistance of the Viceroy seized Placentia and thought to have done the same of Parma Thither the Viceroy repaired with his Army to oppose the French it being no Season to make War upon the Venetians He suffered great want of Money and there was no way to supply it The Discourse of concluding Peace betwixt the Emperor and Venetians continued but they could not agree upon the Conditions The King of France stept in and agreed with that Republick The Conditions were That the Republick should keep all its ancient Dominions except Cremona and Giaradada which were restored to the French and Incorporated into the Dukedom of Milan For Recovery of that Dukdom and of the Lands of the Venetians the Republick was to furnish 1000 Horse and 6000 Foot under the Command of Bartholomew de Albiano and the King 1200 Horse and 12000. Foot Robert de la Marc was to be Captain General of the Foot Monsieur de la Trimoville and John James Trivulcio Lieutenant Generals As soon as this Agreement was made publick Trivulcio entred the City Aste with the French Forces Bartholomew de Albiano with the Venetian Army marched to Verona intending to join the French Hereupon and by reason of the Viceroys absence most Towns of Lombardy declared against Duke Maximilian The King of France was the more earnest to conclude this Treaty because he had another in Hand by means of Cardinal Carvajal which was for a Cessation of Arms betwixt him and the Catholick King on this side the Alpes This Accord was convenient for both Kings for King Ferdinand to secure Navarre and the King of France the State of Milan without any regard of the King of Navarre or Duke Maximilian After some Difficulties and Debates at last the Truce was concluded on the 1st of April upon these Conditions That the Cessation of Arms betwixt King Ferdinand and his Consederates the King of England and Prince Charles on the one side and the King of France and his Allies the King of Scotland and Duke of Guelders on the other should continue for a Year reckoning from that very day That during the Cessation there should be free Trade betwixt the Two Kingdoms on this side the Alpes King John of Navarre was Excluded this Treaty which was delivering him up to be devoured by his greedy Enemy The Emperor and King of England had two Months allowed them to sign those Articles or else to be Excluded as in Effect they were where at the Emperor was greatly offended He urged it was contrary to the Catholick King 's Word who had promised to râ—n the same Fortune with him That thus the French would in 8 days recover Milan and then being assisted by the States of Italy must soon be Masters of Naples Above all he exclaimed that the Treaty was Managed by Cardinal Carvajal who had been a Person too opposite to their Interest This Contrivance was doubtless a great piece of Subtilty but what grieved the Emperor most was that he must thus lose all the Cities he had in Italy tho' he pleaded other causes of Discontent Before the Truce was concluded with France Monsieur de Lautrec made all necessary preparations to possess himself of S. John Pied de Port after the taking of which Place he designed through that Pass to enter Navarre The Marquess de Comares sent some Persons to secure the Country thereabouts and some Supplies of Men to James de Vera to defend that City But the Cessation of Arms put an end to all these Designs This gave our Men the opportunity not only of maintaining what they had but of extending their Conquest tho' King John had a Body of about 5000 Men to oppose them He required the Bishop of Zamora according to parole to surrender himself again a Prisoner but King Ferdinand declared he was absolved of that Promise as being taken contrary to the Law of Arms he being an Ambassador and in the Service of the See Apostolick as also by the death of the Duke of Longueville to whom he had engaged his Word The Mareschal of Navarre who stiled himself Marquess of Cortes broke into Guipuzcoa with 2000 Men. The Country People in pursuance of their Orders from D. Luis de la Cueva who commanded at Fuenterabia for his Father took up Arms and opposed him The strong Castle of Maya upon the Borders of Biscay adjoining to Guienne was the Enemies Place of Refuge Thither the Lord of Ursua who was in King Ferdinand's Service repaired with some Forces understanding the Governor was out of the Place but his strength being small and the Governor getting in he was forced to desist from the Enterprize James de Vera and Lope Zanchez de Valençuela were sent by the Marquess of Comares to Besiege that Caste which they did yet having Intelligence that King John and the Mareschal of Navarre were coming to relieve the besieged they drew off leaving the Cannon at Azpilcueta in danger of being lost The Marquess marched thither himself with 2000 Men and some heavy Cannon and the Defendants seeing there was no hope of Relief from France and their own King was too weak to attempt it soon surrendred Thus all that Country lying beyond the Mountains was secured The Earls of Foix had for many Years been possessed of Val de Andorra and the Vicecounty of Castelbo near Urgel on the side of Catalonia and it was now fallen by Inheritance to Queen Catherine of Navarre All this was now by force of Arms taken from her by the Catholick King Admiral Villamarin was left to Govern at Naples upon the Departure of the Cardinal of Sorento to the Conclave Calabria and Apulia had no Governors theirs being then in the Army This and the want of Forces in those Parts gave occasion to many Insolencies that were daily committed there being no body to punish them The People mutinied against the Barons on account of the Oppression they lay under and many whole Towns Revolted Many extravagant and horrid Crimes were committed Now also Advice was brought that the great Turk armed against the Christians and tho' it was given out his Design was upon Rhodes yet it was feared lest he should Invade Sicily or Apulia The Venetians also since they were in League with France thought of recovering their Towns on the Coast of Apulia Orders were given to Fortifie and Guard all those Coasts and that the Fleet should be in a readiness
General for the Pope at Placencia They not coming in time as they ought to have done the Swiss marched out to meet the King and tho the Battel was so resolutely fought that it lasted all day and part of the night next morning the Swiss terrified with a false Rumour that fresh Supplies were coming to the King were overcome and put to flight The Duke was taken in the Castle whether he fled for refuge and sent Prisoner into France as his Father had been and continued there in like manner as long as he lived This memorable Battel was fought on the 13th of September The Consequence of this Victory was such in Italy that the Spaniards who before were absolute being drove out of Lombardy and State of Milan began now to be in fear for Naples The Catholick King raised Men and endeavour'd to have Succours from all Parts yet at the same time he gave Orders to secure the Great Captain Gonçalo Fernandez de Cordova and other Men of Quality because they designed to go over to Flanders but he fell sick in October at Loxa and died the Second of December at Granada Anno 1516. Ferdinand the Catholick King died at Madrigalejo near Truxillo as he was going to Sevil on the 27th of January of a Dropsy which had troubled him many Months It is reported that the Bell of Velilla in Aragon which uses to denounce such Misfortunes had also been heard to ring of it self before this He appointed his Grandson Charles of Austria his Heir To his Grandson Ferdinand he left the City Taranto and some other Lands in the Kingdom of Naples To govern during the absence of King Charles he appointed the Cardinal of Spain Archbishop of Toledo in Castile and his Son the Archbishop of Zaragoça in Aragon Ferdinand Duke of Calabria he ordered to be set at Liberty and to have a competent Revenue assigned him His Body and that of the Queen his Wife were buried in the Cathedral of Granada as he had ordained in his Will King Charles by his Letters Patents appointed Adrian Dean of Lovain to govern together with the Cardinal of Spain and notwithstanding his Mother was still living he took upon him the Title of King without consent of the Nobility yet he continued to use that Stile it being a thing of dangerous consequence to oppose him Our Governours were in care for Navarre fearing least now upon the Change of Princes that Kingdom should declare for its own antient Kings For this reason they chose the Duke of Najara Governour and General of that Kingdom he being a Person very fit for that Employment by reason of the great Alliances he had among that People his Estate lying near at hand Nevertheless Peter of Navarre Mareschal of that Kingdom and Marquis of Cortes raised some Commotions which were not of any moment for he was taken and sent Prisoner to Simancas where he continued in Confinement as long as he lived Besides all those Contrivances ended in the Death of King John d' Albret who died in his Dominion of Bearne upon Tuesday the Nineteenth of June Anno 1517. Eight Months after ensued the Death of the Queen his Wife Both their Bodies were buried at Lescar a City in the Province of Bearne tho they in their Will had ordered themselves to be buried at Pamplona as King and Queen of Navarre by that means as it were to make good their Title which was a small comfort having lost the Crown Henry d' Albret their Son succeeded them in their Possessions as also in the Pretensions to that Kingdom At Lisbon in March died Mary Queen of Portugal in the flower of her Age. She died in Labour and was buried in the Church called de la Madre de Dios or of the Mother of God in that City She had the following Children Prince John the Eldest Elizabeth Beatrix Luis Ferdinand Alonso who was a Cardinal Henry also Cardinal and King Edward besides two that died young Adrian Florencius born at Vtrecht in the Low Countries Dean of Lovain and Bishop of Tortosa in Spain was at Rome chosen Cardinal on the 27th of June Charles of Austria the new King arrived with his Fleet at Villavicosa a Town in Astarias the 19th of September The Cardinal of Spain went to meet him but died by the way at Roa His Body was buried in the Colledge of S. Ildefonsus at Alcala de Henares which he had built from the Ground and endowed with plentiful Revenues to be a Seminary of Learning The manner of it is after that of the University of Paris if we may be allowed to compare small things to great at least much Profit has redounded from it to Spain a great number of Youth being there instructed and many Persons of great Learning having been brought up there He was Archbishop 22 Years Cardinal William de Croy a Fleming succeeded him in that Dignity This Year was remarkable and no less Unfortunate for two things that happened One was the total overthrow of the Empire of the Sultans of Egypt the other the broaching of the Heresy of Martin Luther Egypt was Subject to the Roman Empire till the time of the Emperor Heraclius when the false Prophet Mahomet conquer'd that Province After his Death it was possessed by the Caliphs who as he had appointed were Supream in Spirituals as well as Temporals These continued till the War of the Holy Land when King Amalaricus of Hierusalem having taken the City of Damiata formerly called Pelusium drove the Caliph to such streights that he was forced to crave Aid of the Sultan of Siria Sarraco was sent with these Succours He in requital for the Assistance given possessed himself of the Kingdom of Egypt leaving to the Caliphs only the Spiritual Jurisdiction Saladin the Son of Sarraco was Sultan of Egypt and Siria and having obtained many Victories over the Christians and taken Hierusalem reduced the Christians there to great streights Not long after Melechsala being possessed of that Empire finding himself too weak to oppose the Christians bought of the Tartars a great number of Circassian Slaves with whose help he did many great things and among the rest took S. Luis King of France Prisoner at Damiata The Slaves having murdered Melechsala chose a King from among themselves called Turqueminius upon condition that neither his Sons should inherit the Crown nor the Sons of the other Slaves should be admitted into their Order but that only those should be Soldiers and bare command who being the Sons of Christian Parents had renounced the Faith These they called Mamalucks and from among them the King was to be chosen This Government flourished 300 Years till the time of Cayerbeyus who obtained many Victories over the Turks and reigned in the time of King Ferdinand of Spain Campson his Successor after the Turks had overthrown the Persians near the City Tarvisium fearing they would invade Siria marched against them with his
Army and was near Damascus defeated and slain by Selymus the Turkish Emperor In his stead the Mamalukes set up Tomombeyus who being by the Turks in Battel put to the Rout and the City Caire taken was by them impaled Thus the Turk Selymus having conquered the Provinces of Siria and Egypt returned home victorious his Empire being much augmented and his strength increased by so large an Addition Martin Luther took this Occasion to spread his new Doctrine Pope Julius had begun the Structure of the Vatican and Pope Leo the Tenth his Successor to finish it granted a Jubilee throughout the World to such as gave some Charity towards that Work Albertus Archbishop of Mentz to whom the charge of publishing this Jubilee in Germany was committed gave it in charge to Tezelius a Dominican Friar Martin Luther who was Professor of Divinity at Wirtemberg and an Austin Friar so highly resented that Commission was not given to him that he immediately began to preach against it and meeting with others that gave ear to him ran into many other Extravagancies which soon spread abroad the many Abuses then crept into the Church being a motive for the People to Revolt from it Anno 1518. Ellenor Sister to King Charles was Married to Emanuel King of Portugal about the end of this Year at Ocrato a Town in Portugal with much Pomp and Grandeur They had afterwards Issue Charles who died Young and Mary who lived long but was never Married It was now proposed to divide the Archbishoprick of Toledo into several Bishopricks because of its immoderate Greatness and particularly Madrid and Talavera were designed to have Prelates of their own Pope Leo granted his Bull in order to the effecting of it He gave the Inspection of that Affair to the Cardinal Adrian the Bishop of Cosenza his Nuncio in Spain and D. Alonso de Manrique Bishop of Cuidad Rodrigo who were impowered to order it as they should think fit They met with so many Difficulties that they were forced to desist Anno 1519. Maximilian the Emperor departed this Life on the 12th of January Soon after the Electors met at Francfort to appoint a Successor and tho there were many Pretenders and great Instance particularly made by Francis King of France yet Charles King of Spain was preferred before them all and declared Emperor on the 28th of June But in regard that the Kings of Naples could not accept of the Empire they being so engaged to the Popes he obtained a Dispensation upon condition he should pay yearly 7000 Ducats as an acknowledgment for that Kingdom and a White Hacaney as is done to this Day This point was not perfectly agreed upon till some Years after Anno 1520. King Charles received the News of his Election at Barcelona whence crossing all Spain he went to Corun̄a and sailed thence in May for Flanders At Aquisgran the first Crown of the Empire was put upon his Head on the 22th of October by the Bishop of Cologn whose Office it is At the same time he freely resigned to his Brother Ferdinand all Austria and the other Hereditary Dominions of his Grandfather Maximilian Cardinal Adrian D. Ynigo de Velasco the Constable and the Admiral D. Henry Enriques were left Governours of Spain They omitted nothing that could be done to quell the Commonalty who rose in Rebellion but could not prevent their taking up Arms whence ensued the Civil Wars called Communidades or the Commons War Their Pretences were that through the Avarice of the Flemmings all the Gold of Spain was carried away and that the Liberties of the Subjects were infringed by their tyranical Government The common cry of all rebels The greatest Grievance was that Charles de Gevres the new Kings Tutor not content that he had preferred his Nephew William de Croy to the Archbishoprick of Toledo had by many knacks and contrivances raked together a vast quantity of Spanish Pistols The principal Heads of the rebellion were John de Padilla one of the first Gentlemen of Toledo and D. Antony de Acuna Bishop of Zamora Several Towns and Cities joyned with them Several Engagements happened between the Loyallists and Rebells in many places with various success till about the end of this Year the Kings Army took Tordesillas where the Rebels had fortified themselves and kept Queen Joanna On the 23th of April the following Year was fought the Battle of Villalar in which they were totally overthrown and the Ringleaders of them taken which were John de Padilla Bravo and Maldonado who were executed and the Bishop was hanged at Simancas where he was prisoner Thus those Tumults were brought to an end by the Prudence and good Conduct of the Councel to whom the King had wholly committed that Charge D a Maria Pacheco Wife to John de Padilla in the place of her Husband headed the Rebels and encouraged them to hold together but could do nothing worth remembrance The Duke of Segorbe defeated the Germanats of Valencia near unto Morvedre So the Rebels in that part of the Country called themselves Anno 1521. William de Croy Archbishop of Toledo died in Germany the 11th of January without coming into Spain or having done any thing remarkable during his Life D. Alonso de Fonseca a Man of great Spirit at that time Archbishop of Santiago was translated to the See of Toledo The Archbishoprick of Santiago was given to John de Tavera Nephew to F. James Deza Archbishop of Sevil at that time Bishop of Cuidad Rodrigo and Osma and of the Councel of the Inquisition The Rebellion in Castile produced a new War in Navarre King Ferdinand to hinder any Insurrection had demolished all the Castles in that Kingdom and the last Year all the Garrisons and Artillery were drawn thence against the Mutiniers of Castile Francis King of France desiring to restore Henry d' Albret to that Crown of Right appertaining to him laid hold of that favourable Opportunity and sent a numerous Army to that effect under the Command of Andrew l'Esparre younger Brother to Odet Lord of Lautrec He found all things easier than he could have imagined and over-run all the Kingdom taking the Capital City Pamplona abandoned by D. Antony Manrique the Viceroy Only the Castle held out being defended by Ignacius of Loyola a Man nobly descended in Guipuzcoa then a Soldier and afterwards Founder of the Order of the Jesuits A Cannon Ball struck up a Stone which broke one of his Legs and hurt the other which brought him into danger of his Life He being wounded the Castle surrendred The French Commander not content with having recovered that Kingdom entred Castile and for some days lay before Logron̄o Our Forces marching to the Relief of the Place obliged him to quit the Siege Not long after at a place called Noayn near Pamplona they overthrew the French and took their General Prisoner After this Victory the Kingdom of Navarre was with the same ease again brought
Contrivance of Laurence de Medicis his Kinsman Upon his Death the Citizens chose for their Duke Cosmo de Medicis Kinsman to the late Duke but at a great distance The Emperor held the Diet of the Empire at Worms where an Edict was published against the Lutherans but it was of no force those People being then in Arms. All Men wished for a General Council but there were great Difficulties that obstructed it However the Pope Summon'd the Council and appointed the Cities of Mantua first and then that of Vincenza for it to be held in both those Places being in Italy and not far from Germany The Hereticks pretended that the Pope as a Guilty Person could not be a Judge nor the Bishops as being obliged to him by Oath They required the Council should be free and held in Germany What they aimed at could not be any way allowed for how could they either as Persons accused or accusers set up for Judges To exclude the Bishops was never practiced and even the secular Princes themselves refused to determine Matters of Faith Their design was only to baffle and delay time Solyman the Eunuch Bassa govern'd Egypt for the Great Turk By his Order he fitted out a Fleet of 80 Sail in the Red Sea and sailing into the Ocean laid Siege to the most important Fortress of Diu in the Kingdom of Cambaya intending to drive the Portugueses out of India and wholly exclude them their Trade in those Parts The Siege was carried furiously and with obstinacy but the Portugueses behaved themselves with such Bravery that the Turks were forced to desist and return home with great loss About the same time the Pope appointed nine Cardinals to consider of all things that ought to be reformed They composed a Book containing the Heads of many things to this purpose A League against the Turks was also proposed It was agreed that the Pope Emperor and Venetians should join their Fleets to this intent and that the French King might not be any hindrance to them they resolved to have a Conference with him at Nice in Provence Anno 1538. This being determined the Pope tho then very old made hast thither the Emperor came from Spain by Sea and the King of France by Land The Meeting was in May. After a long Debate no Peace could be concluded but a Truce was agreed on for Ten Years Neither could it be brought about that the Emperor and French King should come together The Emperor promised to Marry his Bastard Daugter Margaret then Widow of Duke Alexander de Medicis to Octavius Farnesius the Pope's Grandson However the Emperor in his Return to Spain saw the French King at Aiques Mortes They were together two days and conferred in private for several times The chief thing concluded upon was That the King of France should Pardon Andrew Doria and receive him again into Favour He with the Emperor's Pope's and the Venetian Galleys in the Golph of Larta in Albania near the Morea took Castelnovo from the Turks but Barbarussa coming up with the Turkish Fleet near Prevesa put him to flight without any considerable Resistance Thus all those Preparations proved fruitless and the next Year Castelnovo was retaken by the Turks with great slaughter of the Spanish Garison left there The Venetians concluded a Truce with the Turk which produced a lasting Peace In England the Bones of S. Thomas of Canterbury were burnt Monasteries subverted and Monks and Friars forced to change their Habit and go like Laymen or secular Priests Anno 1539. At Toledo in the House of the Earls of Fuensalida on the 1 st of May died Elizabeth the Empress Her Body was carried to Granada The Emperor retired for some Days to the Monastery of Sisla of the Order of S. Hierome This Lady left three Children Prince Philip the Princess Mary afterwards Married to the Emperor Maximilian the Second and the Lady Joanna Wife to Prince John of Portugal Illegitimate Issue the Emperor had D. John of Austria got after he was a Widower and the Lady Margaret of Austria got before he Married George Duke of Saxony a great Enemy to Luther departed this Life his Brother Henry already a Luther an succeeded him Maurice of whom we shall speak hereafter was Son to this Henry Anno 1540. The City Ghent in Flanders was in Rebellion on account of a new Tax laid towards defraying the Charge of the War The Emperor resolving to repair thither in Person to gain time took his way through France Henry and Charles that Kings two Sons came to meet him on the Borders of the Kingdom and the King himself accompanied him from Orleans to Paris It was a desperate Action of the Emperor to put himself into his Enemies Power It is reported there was a design to stop him but God delivered him from so great a Danger Being come to Ghent he punished such as were most faulty and raised a Cittadel to curb that People About the same time died John the Vayvod who called himself King of Hungary He left a new-born Son called Stephen in Defence of whom the Turks made great Havock in that Kingdom Ebora a City in Portugal was at the Suit of that King made an Archiepiscopal See The Bishoprick of Silves was made Subject to it That Dignity was conferred upon Cardinal Henry the King's Brother who after the Death of King Sebastian his Nephew came to be King Pope Paul the first time confirmed and approved of the Order of the Jesuits His Bull was passed at Rome on the 27th of September This Order was Instituted by the Holy Father Ignacius de Loyola a Native of the Province of Guipuzcoa and of singular Sanctity of Life This Year on the 12th of September happened the memorable Battel wherein D. Bernar din de Mendoça General of the Spanish Galleys overthrew the Turks near the Island of Alboran Anno 1541. The Emperor having pacified Flanders and punished the Rebellion at Ghent went away for Germany hoping to reconcile the Hereticks to the Church Many Disputes happened betwixt the Divines of both Parties which might have been a sure Remedy for that Distemper had the Obstinacy of the Hereticks been to be convinced by any Arguments The last Year on the 25th of November at Worms was began a Conference betwixt the Divines which held on till this Year but upon the coming of the Emperor all things were referred to the Diet at Ratisbon which was opened the 5th of April The Divines appointed on both sides disputed the Chief for the Catholicks was John Eccius for the Hereticks Philip Melancton Cardinal Gaspar Contarenus the Popes Legate at this Diet granted to the adverse Party certain Points relating to Justification and Transubstantiation for which after his return to Rome he was publickly reproved by Cardinal Peter Garrafa who was afterwards Pope and called Paul the Fourth All men guessed by the severity of the Reprimand that it came from
There he died two Years after more glorious and great in despising than in obtaining the Empire This Year died Henry d' Albret King of Navarre His Daughter Joanna an abstinate Heretick succeeded him Anno 1556. On the 5th of February a Truce was concluded for Five Years betwixt France and Spain It was hoped that this Cessation might end in a lasting Peace both Parties being worn out with tedious Wars but all fell to nothing by reason of the War the Pope unseasonably raised At the beginning of this Year he began to persecute the Noblemen of the House of Colonna some of them fled others were taken all whose Estates he presently seized The Catholick King ordered the Duke of Alva not to suffer any wrong to be done to them On the other side the king of France having entred into a League with the Pope sent a powerful Army into Italy under the Conduct of the Duke of Guise These Forces marched through Lombardy to Rome where they stayed some time and then marched to the Kingdom of Naples They did nothing remarkable but the greatest part of them died of Sickness and the rest returned to France Mean while the Duke of Alva having possessed himself of most of the Pope's Dominions near Rome marched with his Army and incamp'd before that City He could easily have sacked it again but he had such respect for the Place that he forbore and made Peace with the Pope upon very reasonable terms But this was about the end of the ensuing Year At the beginning of this War Cosmo Duke of Florence prevailed with the Catholick King to deliver to him the City Siena To obtain his desire he alledged the Charge he had been at in the War with that City and that some promise had been made of delivering it to him The King yeilded to Necessity and put the City into his hands upon his paying a Sum of Money down and obliging himself to hold it of the Crown of Spain Anno 1557. The War betwixt France and Spain was not thus at an end but broke out in several Parts Success was so various that neither side had any great advantage to boast of Cardinal John Sicileus died the last day of May in his place succeeded as Archbishop of Toledo F. Bartholomew de Miranda of the Order of S. Dominick He arose so high to have a greater fall On the 13th of June departed this Life at Lisbon John the Third King of Portugal a very Religious and Renowned Prince His body was buried in the Monastery of Bethlehem King Sebastian his Grandson succeeded him In the time of King John the Inquisition was first brought into Portugal for the punishment of Hereticks and Jews He founded the University of Coimbra and endued it with great Revenues bringing to it learned Professors from all Parts and assigning them plentiful Salaries Cardinal Henry the Kings Brother following his Example some time after Founded the University of Ebora which was wholly delivered up to the Care of the Jesuits a heavy burden but very profitable The Catholick King had laid Siege to S. Quintin a strong Town on the Frontiers of Flanders seated near the River Some The French came to relieve the Place but were overthrown by Philibert Duke of Savoy the Spanish General with great slaughter and many French-men of Note made Prisoners The Catholick King came thither afterwards which so terrified the Besieged and encouraged our Men that the 4th Day after they took the Town by Assault Many Prisoners were taken within it and among them Gasper Coligni the French Admiral who governed the Town and was soon after the grand Incendiary in the Civil Wars of France There happened this Year mighty Floods particularly in Italy in the Month of September the River Arnus overflowed its Banks and did great harm at Florence and all the Country about The Tiber swelled to such a degree that it drowned most part of the City On the 14th of September being the day after was concluded the Peace with the Pope At Palermo in Sicily the great Floods overthrew many Houses and drowned a multitude of Men and Women It is reported 4000 Houses were thrown down All Spain suffered this Year extream scarcity of Bread Anno 1558. This Year many Thousands died of the Plague The Contagion broke out at Murcia and thence spread to Valencia and so at last to Burgos It lasted some Years before it was quite allay'd The King of France after the defeat of S. Quintin caused the Duke of Guise to leave Milan and return into France in January The Duke having gathered a mighty Army took Calis the only Town the English possessed in France The same Month died Queen Ellenor Charles the Emperor's Sister at Valladolid In her Will she left certain Towns she possessed in Burgundy to her Daughter Mary whom she had by Emanuel King of Portugal On the 18th of April Francis the Dauphin of France Married Mary Stuard Queen of Scotland afterwards a most Unfortunate Princess The Infection of Heresie spread in both the Kingdoms of France and Scotland and many of the Nobility were taâ—nted The War continued very hot in Flanders Among all other Actions the Battel of Graveling was remarkable There the French were defeated and sustained so great loss that they presently began to treat of Peace On the 21th of September the great Emperor Charles the Fifth departed this Life at the place of his Retirement His Body was deposited in that Monastery whence some Years after by Order of the Catholick King his Son it was translated to the Royal Monastery of the Escurial In England Queen Mary and Cardinal Reginald Poole died both at the same time and with them fell the Catholick Religion in that Kingdom Anno 1559. Her Sister Queen Elizabeth being declar'd Queen repealed all the Laws made in Defence of the Catholick Religion and restor'd the Reformation began in the time of King Edward The Pope on the 23th of January banish'd out of Rome his Nephews the Sons of his Brother John Alonso These were John Garrafa Duke of Paliano the Marquis Antony and Cardinal Charles Garrafa The Crimes laid to their Charge were very heinous and one of the greatest that they suffer'd none to have access to the Pope but such as pleased them and kept Spies to observe what every one spoke On the 5th of February Charles Duke of Lorrain Married Claudia the King of France his younger Daughter for her Father design'd Elizabeth the eldest should be Married to the King of Spain The Embassadors of both Crowns met at Cambray where they handled the Business so effectually that a Peace was concluded upon these Conditions That the Duke of Savoy should be restor'd to all his Dominions which was perform'd and he had also the City Aste given him tho it was the Portion of Valentina Daughter to John Galeazzo Duke of Milan That all Places taken during the War
Elizabeth Queen of England died at London the 23d of March when she had lived 70 Years 6 Months and 16 Days and reigned 44. Her Successor was King James the 1 st of England and 6th of Scotland being the Great Grandson of Margaret Sister to King Henry the 8th His Father and Mother were Catholicks and she a Saint but his Tutor George Buchanan was a perverse Heretick tho a Learned Man This was the first sole Monarch of that Island and consequently took the Title of King of Great Britain Anno 1603. D. John de Tarsis Earl of Villamediana and Post-Master General was sent Embassador into England to compliment that King upon his Accession to the Crown He behaved himself with singular Wisdom and Dexterity and laid the Foundation of that Peace which was afterwards concluded betwixt Spain and England in the Year following At Madrid died Mary the Empress who was Daughter Daughter-in-law Wife and Mother to five Emperors a thing never before heard of and was her self a Person excellently qualified She was there buried in the Monastery of the Barefooted Nuns Anno 1604. John Fernandez de Velasco Constable of Castile was sent by the King Embassador into England He took his Journey through France and was nobly entertained by that King at Paris thence he went to Flanders and so to London There on the 29th of August he concluded the Peace before agreed upon by the Marquis of Villamediana his Catholick Majesties Embassador Anno 1605. On the 3d of March died at Rome Pope Clement the 8th a Person of extraordinary Piety and Zeal Cardinal Alexander de Medicis succeeded him on the 2d of April by the Name of Leo the 11th He was very old and sickly and lived but till the 27th of that Month and on the 16th of May Cardinal Camillus Borgelia born at Rome but originally of Siena was enthroned in his Place He took the Name of Paul the 5th and was at variance with the Venetians which was so high that it threatned a War The Difference was about certain Laws by them established one of them was to enable the civil Magistrate to punish the Clergy another that no Estates real might be settled upon Monasteries which Law is called De Manu mortuis This Dispute was argued and bandied on both sides till at last by the Prudence and Conduct of the Pope all things were pacified Besides because a Difference had many years depended betwixt the Dominicans and Jesuits about Matters of Grace and Free-will he decreed that both Parties might without reflecting upon one another still follow their Opinions till such time as another Decree passed to justify either the one or the other Prince Philip was born the 8th of April at Valladolid D Galceran de Alluanel a Catalonian Gentleman of great Learning and Modesty was appointed his Preceptor and D. Balthasar de Zun̄iga Anno 1606. At Valladolid on the 18th of August was born the the Princess Mary At Toledo died the Lady Stephania Manrique Great Grand-daughter to D. Roderick Manrique Master of Santiago Her Revenue and that of her Brother Peter neither of them being married were given to the Colledge and Monastery of the Jesuits in that City where they both lye with Inscriptions upon their Tombs Anno 1607. At Madrid Prince Charles was born in September The Parliament gave the King 23 Millions payable in 8 years This Tax is raised out of the 8th part of all the Wine and Oyl of the Growth of the Kingdom The first time it was imposed was in the Reign of King Philip the 3d but was not laid so high as this time Anno 1608. In the Church of S. Hierom in Madrid upon Sunday the 13th of January Prince Philip was sworn Heir to the Crown The Cardinal of Toledo said Mass and performed the Ceremony His Grand-mother by the Mother's side the Princess Mary of Bavaria died at Gratz the Capital of Stiria in Germany on the 29th of April Her Daughters she left nobly matched Charles the Archduke was her Husband her Son was Ferdinand the Archduke Brother to Margaret Queen of Spain and Cousin-German to the Emperor Rodulphus About this time the Territory and Government of Cazorla was after great and tedious Disputes restor'd to the Church of Toledo through the Means and Procurement of the Archbishop D. Bernard de Rojas y Sandoval Anno 1609. In the Netherlands on the 14th of April a Truce was concluded with the Dutch Rebels but not well observ'd tho the King ratified it at Segovia in July Prince Ferdinand was born at the Escurial the 17th of May. The 27th of June the Pope Beatified the Holy Father Ignatius de Loyola Founder of the Jesuits Pope Gregory the XV. Canonized him March the 12th 1622. Anno 1610. At Paris on the 14th of May Francis Ravilliac a bloody Villain who had been a School-Master barbarously murder'd Henry IV. King of France stabbing him with a Ponyard His Son Luis XIII succeeded him The Princess Margaret was born the 25th of the same Month at Lerma In November by the contrivance of a certain Moor with whom private Correspondence was held our Forces possessed themselves of the strong Castle of Alarache a place of great importance upon the Coast of Africk on the Ocean About it is a Bay and River called Mamora which was a Den of Pyrats For this reason four Years after D. Luis Faxardo Admiral of the Fleet possessed himself of that place and built a good Castle in which he left a sufficient Garison The Moores at first flocked thither to hinder this Work but prevailed not This Year was very remarkable for the banishing of all the Morisco's that is those descended of the Moores out of Spain This wicked Race held correspondence with the Turks and Barbary Moores So great a Work could not be finished this Year but was afterwards continued however many are said to have remain'd behind not being well known to be such tho the multitude of those that departed was incredible Anno 1611. This Year was unfortunate for the death of Margaret of Austria Queen of Spain who for her extraordinary good Qualities was entirely beloved of all her Subjects She was deliver'd on the 22th of September at the Escuriall of a Son call'd Alonso who lived not out a Year and she died on the 3d. of October Her Body was buried in the Escuriall She built at Madrid a Monastery of Nuns called of the Incarnation Anno 1612. Treaties were a-foot at Paris and Madrid for two Matches the one between our Prince and the Lady Elizabeth Sister to the French King The other betwixt the same King and the Princess Anne the Consummation was put off because the Parties were so young Rodulphus the Emperor by reason of his want of Health lived a long time retired at Prague the Capital City of Bohemia There the last Year on the 11th of August he resigned up his Dominions of Hungary
Marquis of Pobar to try his Fortune with 2500 Horse who were all unfortunately lost without Fighting and the Marquis made Prisoner This Year on the 9th of October to the great Regret of all Spain died the most Serene Prince Ferdinand of Austria Brother to King Philip. He was in his Youth created Cardinal and Archbishop of Toledo and afterwards Governor and Captain General of the Low Countries He was but 31 Years and a half old when he departed this Life but lives for ever in the Fame of the many Victories he obtained Pope Vrban the 8th this Year created at once 14 Cardinals Anno 1642. King Philip being in care for the Affairs of Catalonia and desiring to reduce his Subjects in that Province calling together the Nobility went away to Zaragoça in the beginning of April Mean while the Fleet set out from Cadiz commanded by the Duke of Cuidadreal and having met and engaged the French Fleet a sudden Storm arising dispersed it This and the Impossibility of relieving Perpignan by Land obliged the Marquis de Flores Davila Governor there to surrender upon honourable Terms after the Town had suffered extreamly through want of Provisions This was a considerable loss Perpignan being the best Fortress in Catalonia against the French The main Body of our Army having taken the Posts about Lerida in order to besiege it Monsieur de la Motte with the French Forces marched to the Relief of the Place but the Marquis de Leganez attacked and forced him to retire leaving behind him 3 Pieces of Cannon The Rains were so excessive about Sevill at the beginning of this Year that the River swelled above its Banks and the Inundation was so great that all the Shores being stopped as is usual upon the like Occasions the City was filled with the Rain From the 17th till the 26th of January the River never fell nor were the Shores opened This Flood was greater than that in the Year 1625. All Triana and the Quarters of S. Bernard and S. Rocque were drowned so was that of Santelmo the Convent of S. James and S. Sebastian and other Neighbouring Places yet no body perished for the Chapter of the Cathedral gave every day the value of 2500 Ducats in Bread besides other Charity to relieve those that had suffered by the Inundation The Mole Bridge and all the Boats were carried away Anno 1643. Luis the 13th the most Christian King of France departed this Life May the 14th King Philip having setled the Affairs of his Court set out again for Catalonia Mean while the Duke and Count of Olivares with his Majesty's leave whose great Favourite he had been quitted the Government he had long managed and retired to Loeches a Monastery of Descalced Dominican Nuns founded by himself where he stayed till his Removal to Toro in which place he setled with his Wife and Family till he died The City of Lerida taken by Monsieur de la Motte General of the French Army was a long time besieged by the Forces of the Catholick King till the Enemy after an obstinate Defence was compelled by extream Famine to deliver it to his Majesty who in Person took Possession of that Place to the great Joy of the Inhabitants for being restored to their lawful Soveraign Anno 1644. Pope Vrban the 8th died the 29th of July having sat in S. Peter's Chair 21 Years Innocent the 10th was chosen to succeed him on the 15th of September The most renowned Elizabeth of Bourbon Queen of Spain deceased October the 6th to the unspeakable Grief of these Kingdoms and particularly of the Catholick King her Husband Her Exequies were most solemnly performed in the Monastery of S. Hierom in Madrid and in all Cities of France and Spain She was a Princess of singular Wisdom and Judgment in matter of Government and had by his Majesty 5 Daughters and one Son which was Prince Balthasar Charles King Philip the 4th returned to Zaragoça where the Prince was sworn Heir of that Kingdom and took an Oath to preserve their Priviledges On the 22d of July at Toro died the Duke and Count of Olivares and was buried in the Monastery of Nuns he had built at Loeches He also founded the Pallace called Buenretiro at Madrid for the Diversion of the Kings D. Luis de Haro was his Heir Him the King sent to the Provinces of Andaluzia to obtain of them a Supply of Money which they granted with extraordinary Liberality The Cortes of Aragon being summoned to meet at Zaragoça in September the King took his way thither with the Prince and having opened the Cortes left the Bishop of Malaga to preside there and went away himself with the Prince to Valencia There also the Cortes of that Kingdom were assembled and swore the Prince Heir the King honouring several Noble Families with Titles and other Demonstrations of his Affection On the 4th of December his Majesty returned to Madrid and issued his Writs for the Cortes to meet at Madrid the 22d of February Cardinal Borja having taken Possession of the Archbishoprick of Toledo and being constituted President of the Council of Aragon died of the Gout at Madrid the 28th of December and was buried in his own Cathedral The Cardinal Sandoval then Bishop of Jaen was by the King appointed to succeed him and he positively refusing that Honour three several times his Majesty prevailed with the Pope to lay his positive Commands upon him to which he was forced to submit Few such Prelates are now adays to be found The Plate Fleet arrived in good time and very rich tho there hapned great Storms and above 30 Ships of Strangers were cast away This was the severest Winter that for many years had been seen in Spain or in all Europe For above 60 days the Sun never shined out mighty Snows fell Rivers swelled and the Frost was great so that the Roads were for a time shut up to the great hindrance of Trade It was observed that a great number of Frenchmen came to Burgos in the Habit of Pilgrims on pretence of going to Santiago but as it appeared designing under that disguise to get into Portugal Expresses were sent about to apprehend them all and above 90 were sent Prisoners to Madrid Anno 1645. February the 22d the Cortes of Castile according to Summons met at Madrid and the King as is usual having assisted in Person at the opening thereof and recommended to them the Care of the Kingdom referred them to the President who was to continue at all their Sessions in his Name The Marquis de Leganez was sent with a considerable body of Horse and Foot to command as Captain-General in the Province of Estremadura against the Portugueses With him went the Marquis Molinguen General of Horse They in several Skirmishes worsted the Enemy pursuing them into their own Borders and bringing thence considerable Booties of Cattel and a great number of Prisoners After this the Marquis
as the Slaugter-house Gate scarce leaving any Monuments that there had been Buildings there It also bore down the Wall at the new Gate and broke into the City filling several Streets and finding no way out still rose drowning some Quarters of the City and in S. John's Street came up to the Floors of the second Stories All the Street de los Almaçâ—nes or of the Storehouses was drowned and all the Provisions and Merchandize laid up there were lost Several Quarters of the City were totally ruined as were the Monasteries of S. Dominick and S. Francis being so shaken they were rendred uninhabitable Great numbers of People fled to the tops of their Houses which falling they were carried away into the Mediterranean or buried in the Ruines Among the other Destruction made by the River Guadalmedina it was observed to take one corner House away intire and carry it so for a great space till at last it fell in pieces with the death of 16 Persons that were in it At 3 in the Afternoon the Storm ceased and at 5 the Water was gone out of the Streets at which time the Bishop and Governour gave great Alms among the poor People that were found alive in the ruinated Houses Above 1600 Houses were utterly destroyed 3000 so shaken that they threatned Ruine above 2000 Persons lost and the whole Dammage was computed at above 3 Millions A Ship of the Biscainers putting out of S. Sebastian met a Vessel of 28 Guns bound from Bayonne to Portugal which refusing to produce any Pass was sunk and in it 35 Men only 17 being saved by the Biscaniers among whom were 3 Portugues Fidalgos or Noblemen There was also taken a Trunk with Letters in it from the Envoy in England to the King of Portugal which were sent to Court On the 26th of September arrived at CorunÌ„a our Squadron that was out to secure the West-India Fleet with the Ships of the firm Land and new Spain being 34 Sail. These Ships besides a Chest of Pearls of inestimable Value brought for his Majesty 3247460 Pieces of Eight and for private Persons 6476690 in all 9724150 Pieces of Eight The Fleet having landed the Plate there sailed again with the other Merchandize and arrived at Cadiz on the 13th of November Amar Aga Alcaide and Governour of Tremecen had destroyed all the Corn belonging to those Moors that lived about Oran and had submitted themselves to the Spanish Governour of that Place who was then the Marquess of Leganes These Moors used to bring their Corn to sell to that City and the Garrison subsisted upon it The Marquess finding that no fair Means or Threats prevailed upon those People to reduce them marched out with 350 Foot and 180 Horse and forded the River Cid Soliman six Leagues from Oran then falling upon the Moors who live along that River he took 64 Slaves 12 Horses and a great number of Cattle whereof notice was immediately given to Amar Aga. He gathering his Turks lay in wait for the Marquess in his Return at the Ford of the River Cique where they engaged and 15 Turks were killed among whom was Xeque Salem Beniahim Amar Aga was in danger of being taken having his Horse killed and escaped upon another given him by his Guards The Turks retired to Tremecen and the Marquess returned victorious to Oran Not content with this he went out again with the same number of Horse and Foot and marching 7 Leagues to Zanua Zafa and Mediona brought under 9 Hords of Arabs containing 986 Moors 132 Tents and 16000 Head of Cattle Thus all those neighbouring Moors were again brought under Subjection and the Turks disappointed to the great Honour of the Marquess of Leganes Three Ships sailed from Alicant richly Laden with Merchandize for Venice and had aboard the Servants and Equipage of the Cardinal D. Pasqual de Aragon and other Passengers Near the Island of S. Peter they met 5 Turkish Pyrats and after Cannonading one another above 3 hours one of the 3 Ships which was French sunk another which was a Hollander being in danger to be taken burnt it self the 3 getting off in the Night arrived safe at Leghorn with 7 Turks that remain'd alive of above 100 that Boarded her Cardinal Pasqualis of Aragon made his publick Entry into Rome on the 7th of June and on the 29th after the Pope had heard Mass presented him the Hacaney and Purse with 7000 Ducats which our Kings every Year pay as an Acknowledgment for the Kingdom of Naples and that Night there was publick Rejoicings throughout the whole City Cardinal Mazarine prime Minister of France died the 9th of March. A violent Storm of Wind on the 30th of March overthrew above 150 Houses in the City Pau in the Province of Bearn On the 31th the Duke of Orleans only Brother to the most Christian King married his Cousin German Henrietta Maria Sister to the King of England and on the 18th of April the Lady Luisa of Bourbon 2d Daughter to the Duke of Orleans was by Proxy contracted to Mathius eldest Son to the Duke of Florence The Pope's Bull was published at Paris the 19th of June absolutely forbidding the Doctrine of Jansenius Queen Christina of Sweden who resided at Rome having abdicated that Kingdom hearing of the Death of her Cousin King Charles Adolphus returned to Sweden and made a solemn Entry into Stockholm where complaining that her Pension of 200000 Rixdollers was not duly paid her it was agreed in the Dyet She should have 150000 paid every Year provided She retired to some part of the Kingdom or else to Rome where She was before Such was the hatred conceived against her for embracing the Catholick Religion The War still continued hot betwixt the Venetians and the Turks in Candia and other Parts 15 Turkish Galleys were cast away in the Euxine Sea and 5 others on the Coast of Morea as also three Barbary Pyrats on the Coast of Sicily A great Earthquake hapned at Constantinople which overthrew many Buildings and killed a great number of People The Venetian Fleet had a sharp Engagement with 18 Turkish Ships that were carrying Supplies to Candia but a sudden Storm parted and dispersed them into several Ports The Turks entred Transilvania with an Army of 60000 Men and laid Siege to Plasemburg near Hermanstadt the chief City Ragotzi Prince of Transilvania attempted to put Relief into the Place with only 4000 Men and tho' heexecuted it with the loss of only 700 of his Soldiers and the Destruction of 6000 of the Enemy yet he having received 14 Wounds and soon after dying the City was taken by the Infidels Hence the Turks began to spread into Hungary doing much Mischief but the Counts Herberstein and Serini gathering 12000 Men killed 800 of them took 700 Prisoners and returned with a great Booty After this the Turks made vast Preparations in all Parts and brought the Asian Forces into Europe in Order to invade the Dominions of
the XIth succeeds Mighty Divisions throughout Spain 1304. K. Denis of Portugal as Arbitrator reconciles Oustile and Aragon 1305. Roger Lauria the great Admiral Clement the Vth. chosen Pope Houses of Haro and Lara reconcil'd Discord among the Moors 1309 Castile and Aragon in League against the Moors Ceuta taken The Infidels twice overthrown Gibraltar taken The Moorish K. of Granada depos'd Queen Blanch of Aragon dies A general Council held at Vienne in Dauphine The Knights Templers destroy'd Possessions of the Templers in Spain 1310 1311 Prince Alonso of Castile has Birth 1312. War with the Moors A wonderful Judgment Ferdinand the IVth King of Castile dies Alonso not 13 Months old declar'd King of Castile â—rago dies The young King kept by the Citizens of Avila 1313. The Moors of Granada expel their new King 1314. The Cortes settle the Government of Castile Turks their Original Growth Ottoman Founder of the Empire of that Name Actions of the Catalonians in Greece They overthrow the Turbs Thier General put to Death They defeat the Greeks They fall out among themselves 1315 Luis King of France dyes and Philip succeeds 1316 John the XXth chosen Pope Infidels defeated by Prince Peter of Castile 1316 1317 Knights of Montesa in Aragon and of Christ in Portugal 1318 1319 Two extraordinary Accidents The death of the Princes of Castile Peter John Jayme heir of Aragon abdicates Several places taken by the Moors Several Governors chosen in the Provinces of Castile 1320 1321 Biscainers and Navarrois at War 1322 A Spanish Synod held at Valladolid King of Granada murder'd King Alonso of Castile enters upon the Government The Rebels associate The form of Association Sardinia conquered by the Aragonians 1324 1325 Denis K. of Portugal dies St. Elizabeth Queen of Portugal Alonso K. of Portugal Rebels of Castile punished 1327. Jayme the IId King of Aragon dies Alonso the IVth succeeds 1328. Occasion of Wars betwixt France and England Castile at War with the Moors Several Places in Castile Rebel 1329 Accord betwixt Aragon Castile and Portugal Affairs of Navarre Acts of the Cortes at Madrid 1330. Overthrow of the Moors Several Places taken from them Description of Africk Mahomet K. of Granada in Africk Alonso de la Cerda rightful K. of Castile submits to Alonso 1332 Order of the Belt instituted 1333 War with the Moors Mahomet King of Granada murder'd 1334 Rebels suppress'd in Castile 1335 Christian Kings of Spain at variance Castilans overthrow the Aragonians and Navarrois 1336. Alonso the IVth K. of Aragon dyes Rebellion of Castro and Albuquerque in Castile Rebels of Castile harden'd 1337. Castilians overthrow the Portuguses at Sea 1337. Frederick King of Sicily dies 1338. Preparations for War Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon Territories of the Moors ravaged 10000 Moors slain with their King Synod at Barcelona 470000 Moors invade Spain The Christian Fleet destroy'd by the Moors Tarifa besieg'd by the Moors The Battle of Salado 200000 Infidels slain Particulars of the successes The Kings after the Victory return to Sevil. Progress of the Christians against the Moors 1341 1342 The defeats of the Infidels at Sea Algezira besieg'd Attempts of the Infidels to Murder the King of Castile 1343. Algezira Siege continu'd Succours from England and other Parts Robert K. of Naples dies 1344. Algezira surrender'd Majorca subdued by the Aragonians 1344. The K. of Majorca delivers himself to him of Aragon Earthquake at Lisbon 1345. Troubles in Aragon 1346. 1347 K. Peter the IV. of Aragon marry'd 1348 Universal Plague Dissention among the Knights of Calatrava Canary Islands 1349 Confusions in Africk Cortes held at Alcalà Places that sent representatives to the Cortes oâ— Parliament Gibraltar besieg'd Castile and Aragon joyn in a League 1350. K. Alonso of Castile dies Peter declared K. of Castile K. Peter Sick and recovers Biscay united â—o the Crown of Castile 1351 Interviews of Kings Blanch Daughter to the Duke of Bourborn contracted to K. Peter of Castile 1352 Seditions arise in the Dominions of Castile Da. Marâ— de Padilla Mistress to King Petir 1353 King Peter marries K. Peter forsakes his Queen for Da. Moria de Padilla K. Peter changeth his Officers 1354 He punishes Rebels K. Peter marries another and forsakes her his first Wife still living Moorish K. of Granada murdered Expedition against Sardinia K. of Aragon makes Peace in Sardinia Progress of the rebellion in Castile Treaty betwixt the K. and his Rebels Queen Mother joyns the Rebels 1355 K. of Navarre murders the Constable of France Pr. Peter of Portugal marries the Lady Agnes de Castro She is murder'd K. Peter punishes Rebels Toro taken by K. Peter Infamous Life and Death of the Queen Mother of Castile War betwixt Castile and Aragon The Causes of the War Victory of the English at Poitiers 1356 1357 Towns taken on both sides Alonso the IIId K. of Portugal dies Peter King of Portugal Rebellion of the Bastards of Castile Moors called by the Christians to their assistance 1358 Rebels punished Era of Cesar abolished 1359 Expedition of King Peter by Sea The Rebels defeat the Royalists 1360 Various accidents Peter K. of Portugal executes the Murderers of the Lady Agnes de Castro Constance the K. of Aragon's Daughter marry'd to the K. of Sicily 1361. Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon Blanch Q. of Castile dies Da. Maria de Padilla dies Peter of Portugal declares his Children Legitimate Presumption of a Legate 1362. Victory of the Moors over the Christians The Moorish K. of Granada wrongfully put to Death Castile and Navarre join in League Da. Maria de Padilla declared by King Peter his lawful Wife 1363. Castile in League with England John K. of France dies Charles the Vth succeeds Constance Qu. of Sicily dies 1364 Confederation against Castile Bernard de Cabrera cruelly put to death 1365 Foreigners come to serve Count Henry 1366 Henry the Bastard proclaims himself K. of Castile Castile divided King Peter expelled the Kingdom King Peter flies to the English War of Navarre Articles betwixt K. Peter and the Prince of Wales 1367. Peter King of Portugal dies Ferdinand K. of Protugal The English pass the Perineans in defence of K. Peter The Battle of Najara Henry routed K. Peter restored Sixteen put to Death for Treason K. Peter excommunicated and absolved The French support Henry the Bastard Henry returns into Spain 1368 K. Peter provides for his defence K. Peter overthrown 1369 Betrayed and Murdred by his Bastard Brother Several pretenders to Castile Martin Lopez faithful to K. Peter Affairs of Aragon Sardinia Of Navarre Henry the Usurper finds many Enemies 1370 Treachery rewarded Allyance betwixt Portugal and Aragon Carmona besieged by the Usurper 1371 Henry the Bastard takes Carmona and breaks the Articles Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal Ferdinand of Portugal marries the Lady Ellmor de Meneses The Pope returns to Rome Victory at Sea of the Spaniards and French over the English War betwixt Castile and Portugal 1373. Peace betwixt
should be Marry'd to D. John de Lara's Son Her Portion was the Lordship of Molina her Father having no Issue-male The Marriage was solemniz'd at Cuenca thence the King Queen and D. John went to Toledo the latter took up his Lodging in the Monastery of S. Paul of Dominicans without the City on the Banks of Tagus Being at Dice late at Night with a rich Jew on a sudden a Servant of his call'd Nun̄o Churuchao advis'd him to make his Escape for there was a Design to kill him and in order to it Arms had been carry'd into the Court He credited the Intelligence but could not get away for that the City Gates were shut and his Servants and Horses within He spent the Night in Fear and having call'd his Servants at break of Day they perswaded him not to stir for that there was not the least ground for any Suspicion The King was much concerned that he should be Suspected and the more he endeavour'd to satisfy D. John the more Jealous he was At this time the League with the King of Granada was renew'd upon Condition he should pay the usual Tribute for that King was before wavering Hernan Ponce de Leon who commanded upon the Frontiers was the chief Instrument of continuing this good Understanding betwixt the two Kings From Toledo the King and Queen went to Burgos and thence to Palencia where was held a general Chapter of the Order of S. Dominick D. John de Lara could not be oblig'd by any Favours but endeavour'd to stir up the Nobles to revolt To oppose him Prince John the King's Brother who was belov'd by all Men was taken out of Prison and took the Oath of Fidelity to the King and his Son Ferdinand as Heir apparent kissing his Hand according to the Custom of Castile By his means many were reduc'd to the King's Service The King also going to Santiago of Galicia under colour of Devotion perswaded D. John Alonso de Albuquerque a Man of great Power who at the Instigation of D. John de Lara had revolted to lay down his Arms. These Things happen'd in Castile in the Year of our Lord 1291 when in the Month of February the Pope's Legates in France at Tarascon compos'd the Differences betwixt the Kings of France and Aragon Charles King of Naples was present with the Embassadors of the other two Kings Peace was concluded upon the following Conditions That the King of Aragon send Embassadors to Rome humbly to beg Pardon of his past Contumacy and Disobedience That he pay the yearly Tribute of 70 Ounces of Gold to the Church as was promis'd by his Grandfather That he go with a powerful Fleet to the Service of the Holy Land That at his return he advise his Mother and Brother to quit Sicily That he publish an Edict commanding all Aragonians under severe Penalties to depart that Island That Charles of Valois resign his Claim to the Crown of Aragon on Account of the Gift of the Pope That his Holiness shall receive the Aragonian into Favour and send a Prelate to take off the Interdict from his Kingdom to whom the King shall deliver the Hostages he has from the King of Naplas At the concluding of these Articles the Embassadors of Sicily were not present by the Contrivance of the King of Aragon knowing they would break all these Measures at which King Jayme and all the Sicilians were highly offended They complain'd he who ought to have Protected had deceiv'd and forsaken them yet resolv'd rather to dye than return under the Dominion of the French and they obtain'd their Ends. The French were disappointed of recovering Sicily and the King of Aragon's Voyage to the Holy Land was prevented the City Ptolemays the last that remain'd in the Hands of the Christians being taken and utterly subverted by the Infidels The Kings of Aragon and Naples met a second time at Junquera in order to establish a lasting Peace both of them being weary of the War Therefore as soon as they parted King Charles marry'd his Eldest Daughter Clemencia to Charles of Valois giving her in Dower the Earldom of Anjou and Province of Main upon Condition he should quit all Pretensions to the Crown of Aragon The King of Aragon was resolv'd to fullfil all that had been agreed upon when Death cut him off at Barcelona in the midst of his Preparations to receive the Princess Ellenor his Bride He dy'd in the Flower of his Youth being but 27 Years of Age and on the 18th Day of June His Body was bury'd in the Monastery of S. Francis in that City with the Habit of that Order Upon the News of the King of Aragon's Death his Brother Jayme presently came over from Sicily to take Possession of that Crown which appertain'd to him as next of Blood his Brother dying without Issue and having in his Will appointed him his Successor He was receiv'd without any Opposition and Crown'd at Zaragoça with the usual Solemnity on the 24th of September He would not allow of that Clause in his Brother's Will which appointed Prince Frederick his younger Brother King of Sicily but resolv'd to keep and maintain that Kingdom Alonso de la Cerda who had only the Title and Right to the Crown of Castile and was then present and King Sancho who was in Possession of the Kingdom both strove for his Friendship The Aragonian was more inclinable to the Fortune of King Sancho than the Justice of D. Alonso whose Strength decay'd especially since the Queen politickly drew away D. John Nun̄ez de Lara from his Party Besides King Sancho to strengthen himself had made a League with the King of Portugal and concluded a Match betwxit his Son and Heir Prince Ferdinand and Constance that King's Daughter giving some Towns in Castile to secure the Performance The Kings of Castile and Aragon at length concluded a Peace and for the Ratification of it agreed to meet at Montagudo a Town on the Borders of the two Kingdoms There on the 20th of November they made a League Defensive and Offensive and articled that neither should protect the others Rebels but deliver them up Moreover for that the King of Morocco notwithstanding the Truce had lay'd Siege to Beja the Aragonian oblig'd himself if it were requir'd to send 20 Galleys to relieve it To make this Agreement the sirmer it was resolv'd the Aragonian should marry Elizabeth the Daughter of the King of Castile tho' but 9 Years of Age hoping the Pope would dispense with the Consanguinity and accordingly they were Contracted at Soria on the first of December The Child was deliver'd to her Husband and then the two Kings went to Calatayud where there were great Entertainments of all sorts The Nobility of Aragon for some Years had been very Mutinous and in the Reign of King Alonso they endeavour'd to Retrench the King's Houshold and still labour'd to alter the Laws and erect a new Form of Government
was done tho with some Difficulty and thus at length after so many Revolutions that Island was pacify'd Sardinia was also brought under by an Agreement made with William Vincent Narbonne in Virtue of which he was to deliver up to the King the City Sacer which he was then possess'd of and all his other Lands and Possessions in that Island and in lien thereof to have certain Towns and a Sum of Mony in Spain This was the Posture of Affairs in Aragon In France about this time dy'd Archimbaud Earl of Faux He left 5 Sons John who succeeded him in the Earldom Gaston the IId Archimbaud the IIId Peter the IVth who became a Priest and was Cardinal of Faux and the youngest Matthew Earl of Cominges John the eldest marry'd the Princess Joanna Daughter to the King of Navarre and she dying without Issue he took to Wife Mary Daughter to Charles d' Albret by whom he had two Sons Gaston the eldest and the youngest Peter Viscount Lautrec the Founder of the Family of that Name in France which has produc'd many famous Men and continu'd very renown'd till near our Days The Peace the Kingdom of Aragron enjoy'd abroad could not influence the Earl of Vrgel to desist from his wicked Machinations In Castile the Truce concluded with the Moors at their Instance the foregoing April was prolong'd for 17 Months more For this reason the Mony that the Country had rais'd to carry on the War against the Moors and amounted to the Sum of 100000 Ducats was by the general Consent and Approbation of the whole Kingdom given to the new King Ferdinand for his present Expence besides a good Body of Horse and Foot that attended him A very opportune Supply to settle him in his new acquir'd Kingdom and curb the wicked Designs of ill-meaning Men. His greatest Recommendation was his courteous and loving Disposition which gain'd him the good Will of all Men and yet the Aragonians were dissatisfy'd that he kept about him a Guard of Strangers and pretended by that Method to secure to himself the Crown they had of their own accord given him They complain'd it was a Reflection upon the Loyalty of the Natives and the Fidelity they had inviolably observed towards their Kings since that Kingdom was first 〈…〉 King with 〈…〉 what he could gather in Aragon march'd after 〈…〉 punish him The Earl had but a small Power to 〈…〉 thought to make use of Policy Therefore he sent Embassadors to 〈…〉 to do Homage to him which accordingly they 〈…〉 October All this was only to amuse the new King to the 〈…〉 his Army and send back the Troops of 〈…〉 greatest part of them The King and Pope Benedict 〈…〉 upon there the Pope gave the King the Investiture 〈…〉 and Corsica as was of Custom they being Feoâ—es of 〈…〉 the Kings of Aragon After this Interview at the end of 〈…〉 the next which was 1413 the Cortes of Catalonia met at 〈…〉 to pacify the Earl of Vrgel that he might not disturb the Peace 〈…〉 to which purpose they granted all he sent to demand and particularly that Prince 〈◊〉 should marry his Daughter and Heiress All these Condescentions did not satisfy him but 〈…〉 Correspondence with England and France to procure Assistance 〈…〉 The King having notice of it to â—â—â—sh him in time rais'd all the Forces he 〈…〉 sent him 400 Horse out of Castile but they 〈…〉 joyning him The King of Navarre offer'd his 〈…〉 Subjects should take it ill if he made use of many 〈…〉 of â—ortes Bastard Son to that King came with a good 〈…〉 With this Force he broke into the Country of the Earl of Vrgel 〈…〉 till he sâ—t down before â—alaguer the chief Town of that Dominion in which 〈…〉 confiding in the Strenâ—â—â— of the Place was The Siege was tedious and difficult but whilst it lasted all the rest of the Earldom submitted to the King At this time came 〈…〉 Embassadors from the Kings of France and Naples He of France advertiz'd him 〈…〉 the Insolency of the â—â—â—ke of Burgundy and the rebellious Practices of the 〈…〉 as in great Danger being in a manner a Prisoner with his Son and 〈…〉 and therefore earnestly intreated he would assist him King Ladislaus 〈…〉 their Forces against the Duke of Anjoâ— his Competitor in the Kingdom 〈…〉 might prove a dangerous Enemy to Aragon having also 〈◊〉 to that Kingdom To the King of France he answer'd he was much conceâ—â—◠〈…〉 Misfortunes and would as soon as his Affairs did permit assist him with his utmost â—ower The answer to Ladislaus was That he thank'd him for his offer of Friendship but that there had been an uninterrupted Friendship betwixt him and the Duke of Anjon which he could not violate and therefore would rather chuse to be a Mediator betwixt them 〈…〉 part with either against the other The Embassadors being dismiss'd the Siege was 〈…〉 observ'd 〈…〉 began to want Provisions and desir'd to Article Elizabeth thâ— Countesâ— to prevent further 〈◊〉 with her Husband's leave and the King's Permission 〈◊〉 out to endeavour to appâ—â—â— him All she could obtain of the King was the Earls 〈…〉 he would surrender himself The Case was desperate and there was no way 〈◊〉 â—o submit to Necessity On the last day of October the Earl came to the Camp and â—â—lling at the King's Feet begg'd Pardon promising to behave himself better for the future All the King answer'd was That tho he had deserv'd Death he gave him his Life yâ—â— made â—o 〈…〉 his Liberty or Estate but order'd him to be secur'd at Lerida After the 〈…〉 and that Earldom pacify'd the Earl was convicted of high Treason and 〈…〉 was confiscated and he condemned to perpetual Imprisonment 〈…〉 many Friends in that Kingdom and therefore was sent to Castile where 〈…〉 Castle of VrenÌ„a next in that of Mora and lastly dy'd a Prisoner at 〈…〉 of Valencia Antony de Luna who held the Castle of Lohorri for the Earl seeing that had befallen him left that Castle and his own Estate and fled Thus those Troubles concluded with more ease than had been expected CHAP. III. The Christian Princes all combine with the Emperor to put an end to the Schism in the Church In order to it King Ferdinand of Aragon has a Conference with Pope Benedict The Council of Constance The two Popes John and Gregory abdicate WHilst what has been related happen'd in Aragon all the Princes of Christendom sent their Embassadors to Sigismund the Emperor desiring him to find out some means to restore the Unity of the Church by putting an end to the Schism which had lasted so many Years He having consulted with the Embassadors about that Affair sent to require those who call'd themselves Popes to consent to the calling of a General Council where they should all freely renounce the Papacy and stand to the Determination of the Fathers Hitherto their Condescention was fegn'd and they had
King of England D. Frederick the Admiral discovered the Prince's Designs to the King of Aragon He sent for him to Lerida where the Cortes of Catalonia then sate and those of Aragon at Fraga He was advised not to go but resolved to obey and was received with Demonstrations of Love but presently after committed to Prison notwithstanding he loudly complained of Breach of Faith and the Designs of his Mother-in-Law The Nobility associated themselves engaging never to give over till their Prince were set at Liberty CHAP. II. War renewed by the Moors of Granada the Prince of Viana imprisoned and released his Death the Rebellion of Catalonia also in Navarre the Kings of France and Castile meet THE Peace established with the Moors having lasted about Three Years was now broken Ismael King of Granada had Two Sons Albohaçen and Boabdelin Albohaçen desiring to exercise his Valour gathered 2500 Horse and 15000 Foot with this Force he entred the Territory of Estepa in Andaluzia did great Mischief and drove away a vast number of Cattel Roderick Ponçe Son to the Earl of Arcos being informed hereof with the Assistance of Luis Pernia Commandant at Osuna mustered about 260 Horse and 600 Foot and marched after the Enemy who was going off in disorder and fearing no Encounter It seemed a Madness for so small a Number to engage that Multitude but D. Roderick from an Eminence observing that part of the Moors with the Booty had passed the River called De las Yeaguas and only the Horse remained behind commanded the Trumpets to â—and and his Men to fall on The Christians charged the Moors who were divided into three Bodies and received them with Resolution The Fight lasted long but at length the Moors were put to the Rout and 1400 of them slain Of the Christians 30 Horse and 150 Foot were killed Our Men quartered that Night at a place called Fuente de Piedra and being next day gathering the Plunder saw the Cattel coming towards them in great Flocks At first they imagined the Enemy had rallied but it soon appeared that the Cattel being left was returning as naturally they will towards their own Pasture The Peace thus broken Incursions were made on both sides but nothing remarkable happened Only D. John de Guzman first Duke of Medina Sidonia prepared to besiege Gibraltar nothing discouraged by the Misfortune of his Father The War raised against the King of Aragon in his own Dominions was more dangerous The Catalonians sent Deputies to beg of him to set at liberty the Prince of Viana He refused and from Words they came to Blows A great Number of Men set out from Barcelona and possessed themselves of Fraga on the Borders of Aragon Gonçalo de Saavedra sent by the King of Castile to the Assistance of the Catalonians with 1500 Horse was a great Encouragement to them D. John de Cabrera Earl of Modica in Sicily was General of the Catalonians On the other side D. Luis de Biamonte was on the Frontiers of Navarre with a good Body ready to enter Aragon if the King would not grant their Request Necessity obliged him to set his Son free on the First of March 1461. ordering the Queen his Mother-in-Law to conduct him from Morella where he was Prisoner to Villafranca There he was delivered to the Catalonians who nevertheless would not admit the Queen into Barcelona tho' they laid down their Arms. Yet for all this contrary to his Father's Will they swore to him as Heir to that Principality obliged his Father to declare him Governor of all his Dominions a Dignity usually given to the eldest Sons of those Kings and to consent that he should be Absolute in Catalonia These were hard Terms but there was no other way to appease the Catalonians Now again the Treaty of Marriage between Prince Charles and the Princess Elizabeth of Castile was hotly pursued and it was looked upon as good as concluded whereupon the Prince sent to Compliment the Princess and her Mother War broke out at the same time in Navarre for Charles Artieda as soon as the Prince was at liberty seized in his Name the Town of Lumbier in that Kingdom D. Alonso afterwards Duke of Villahermosa sent by the King besieged and furiously battered that Place The Prince's Party was weak but the King of Castile sent Roderick Ponçe and Gonçalo de Suavedra with Forces who raised the Siege Greater Preparations were making to continue that War when the News was spread abroad that the Queen was with Child This pleased some yet others gave out she was with Child by D. Beltran de la Cueva but it could never be proved whether this were true or that it was only so allowed afterwards in favour of King Ferdinand when he came to the Crown D. Alonso de Fonseca the Archbishop was sent from Court on pretence of doing him Honour to reside at Valladolid and Govern the Kingdom whilst the King was absent at the War he designed in Navarre This was done by the Advice of his Competitor the Marquiss de Villena who removed him from the King hoping thereby to become absolute in his Favour and promised to reduce the Disaffected Nobility particulary the Archbishop of Toledo and the Admiral for the Master of Calatrava had already submitted and was raising Men for the War in Navarre As soon as D. Alonso de Fonseca was gone to Valladolid the Marquiss de Villena went into the Kingdom of Toledo and at the same time the Master of Calatrava came to Aranda de Duero with 2500 Horse With that Force the King of Castile marched towards Almaçan The Aragonians were much alarmed but the Army marched away towards Navarre and in May came to LogronÌ„o a great Town in the Territory of Rioja there having received Supplies from all Parts they advanced into Navarre The Town of St. Vincent and Guardia surrendered Viana was besieged and at last delivered up by Peter Peralta who was Governour thereof and Constable of Navarre Lerin was very strong and could not be taken D. Alonso Son to the King of Aragon took the Town of Arbacuca by assault all the Castillian Garison being killed or taken All these high Designs came to nothing by the death of Charles Prince of Viana at Barcelona It was supposed Trouble and Toil was the cause of his death but the Biamonteses could never be persuaded but he had a slow Poison given him in Prison He died on the 23d of September begged pardon of his Father at the Hour of his death and was buried at Poblete He lived 40 Years 3 Months and 26 Days more famous for his Misfortunes than any other thing His Device was Two fierce Mastives fighting for a Bone denoting the Kings of France and Castile between whom Navarre was consumed Other great Men died now as Charles VII King of France His Son Lewis XI succeeded him Prince Henry Uncle to the King of Portugal departed this Life on the 13th of
20 Days Of Disposition he was Robust and of Spirit Lively The latter part of his Life was stained with a leud Appetite tho he was past acting for he fixed his Affection upon a handsome young Woman called Frances Rose whom he design'd to have formerly Married to that D. Jayme de Aragon who was Executed at Barcelona In his Will made 10 Years before his Death he ordained several godly Works to be performed Particularly the Erecting Two Monasteries of the Order of St. Hierome which are famous at this time One of them is St. Engracia at Zaragoça the other St. Mary de Belpuch in Catalonia his Son exactly performing all that he had ordained He also ordered that the Grandsons of his Son Ferdinand tho' by a Daughter should Inherit the Crown of Aragon and take place of their Mothers CHAP. VIII Elenor Queen of Navarre The troubles of that Kingdom and her Death The Countess of Medellin raises Tumults in Castile Portugueses overthrown by the Castilians Heretical Opinions Started and Condemned in Spain King Ferdinand goes into Aragon BY the Death of the King of Aragon his Dominions were divided Aragon fell to King Ferdinand and Navarre to the Princess Elenor in the Right of her Mother She had been 7 Years a Widow and consequently exposed to great Misfortunes That Kingdom was still divided betwixt the old Factions The Biamonteses Enemies to the new Queen were most prevalent These troubles seemed to be a Judgment for the Murders committed upon Charles Prince of Viana the Princess Blanch his Sister and the Bishop of Pamplona Queen Ellenor Reigned not a whole Month. She was more Fortunate in her Issue than in her Life for she had 4 Sons Gaston John Peter and James and 5 Daughters Mary Joanna Marguerite Catherine and Ellenor we shall briefly speak of them all great Families being descended from them Gaston died as was said before and left two Children Francis Phebus and Catherine who both Reigned in Navarre successively John was Lord of Narbonne which he bought of his Father and had Issue Gaston and Germana Gaston was killed at the Battle of Ravenna where he was General for Luis the 12th of France Germana Married King Firdinand after the death of his first Wife Peter applied himself to learning and piety and Pope Sixtus made him a Cardinal James followed the War and was never Married Mary the Eldest Daughter was Married to William Marquess of Monferrat Joanna to John Earl of Armagnac Margaret to Francis Duke of Britany and had Issue Ann and Elizabeth Ann the Heiress being Married first to Charles the 8th and after his death to Luis the 12th of France joined that Dukedom and Kingdom Catherine 4th Daughter to Queen Ellenor Married Gaston de Faux Earl of Candale and brought forth 2 Sons and a Daughter called Anne Married to Ladislaus King of Hungary Ellenor the Youngest Daughter died a Maid Queen Ellenor died on the 12th of February at Tudela where she began her Reign In her Will she Ordained out of her own Money a Monastery of Franciscans should be Built at Tafalla and that her Body should be Buried there and the Bones of her Mother Queen Blanch be also Translated thither from the Monastery of Nuestra SenÌ„ora de Nieva in Old Castile where they were deposited The Revenue was so exhausted that she was forced to Sell her Jewels to Live Francis Phebus so called for his extraordinary Beauty being but 11 Years of Age succeeded her His Mother the Lady Magdalen and his Uncle Peter the Cardinal had the Administration of the Government till he came to Years and discharged their Trust Prudently in those difficult Times The late Queen during her Troubles had no help from her Brother the King of Castile therefore she made no mention of him in her Will but directed the Governors to Adhere to France as they did which was the Cause they soon lost that Kingdom Thus much of Navarre In Castile some new Oppinions in matters of Religion were broached One Peter Oxomensis a Professor of Divinity at Salamanca was the Author By Order of Pope Sixtus the Archbishop of Toledo assembled several Persons of great Learning at Alcala where he Refided who all Condemned those new Opinions and the Author was Excommunicated unless he recanted Sentence was given on the 24th of May and soon after Pope Sixtus confirmed it by his Bull. John Prexanus a famous Divine in that Age. afterwards Bishop of Cuidad Rodrigo wrote a Book against the said Peter The Marquisate of Villena was now the Seat of War for the Marquess because Covenants were not performed with him had recourse to Arms and relieved the Town of Chinchilla besieged by the King's Forces Peter Ruiz de Alarcon who Commanded a Party of the King 's was defeated near Alberca by Peter de Baeça and D. George Manrique who in another Skirmish with Peter de Baeça was Wounded of which hurt he afterwards died A great pitty that so ripe a Wit should be so soon cut off Hereupon the Marquess was liable as having been in Arms against the King's Forces He excused himself laying the blame upon the Insolency of those Officers who forced him to do so and pleaded he had no dealings either with the King of Portugal or Archbishop of Toledo These excuses whether True or Counterfeit prevented any farther proceedings against him In this War there happned an extraordinary accident worth Relating The King's Party had hanged 6 of the Prisoners they took In revenge John Berrio an Officer of the Marquess ordered as many of those he had taken to be put to death in the same manner The Prisoners cast Lots and among the rest it fell to the share of one of 2 Brothers that were Prisoners who had a Wife and Children to die The other Brother who was a Batchellor begged to be put to death in his place and so it was done after they had both long and with many Tears contended about it King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth received the News of King John's Death and their own Accession to the Crown of Aragon in Estremadura where they were quelling the Tumults raised by the Countess of Medellin and D. Alonso de Mâ—nrey The Countess had a Spirit above a Woman for she kept her own Son D. John Portocarrero some years a Prisoner and at last turned him out of Doors which was the cause she was in Arms fearing lest she should be obliged to restore the Earldom to her Son who laid Claim to it as his Father's Inheritance She also designed to keep the City Merida in which she had a Garison D. Alonso was digusted that the Mastership of Alcantara was taken from him and given to D. John de ZunÌ„iga upon which Pretence he seized several Towns belonging to that Military Order The King provided for the War with Portugal which it was feared would prove more bloody than before yet both Parties being exhausted a Treaty was proposed This was the more Welcome to
that vast Ocean to refresh the Seamen with its Fruit Fish and Flesh tho' scarce Inhabited being but Four Leagues in length and so far from any Land Thence by the way of the Islands Terceras the Ships generally return to Lisbon in August or September The End of the 26th BOOK The History of SPAIN BOOK XXVII CHAP. I. The Death of the Prince of Castile Of Charles VIII King of France Matches of Two Daughters of Spain The Prince of Salerno expelled Naples France and Spain agree Hierome Savonarola burnt at Florence THE Affairs of Spain at one and the same time prospered in Italy and within Spain had a mixture of Felicity and Adversity Two Matches for as many of King Ferdinand's Daughters were concluded that is of the Princess Catherine with Arthur Prince of Wales and Heir to Henry VII King of England and of the Princess Elizabeth with Emanuel King of Portugal These Marriages were of great Importance because together with those of the House of Austria they bound such Mighty Princes to the Interest of Spain The Match with England was fully concluded upon the 15 of August 1497. To forward the Marriage with Portugal D. John Manuel that King's Foster-Brother came to Castile It was agreed that King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth should carry the Princess their Daughter to the Borders of Portugal where King Emanuel should meet them to consummate the Marriage upon the last Day of September Ceclamin was at first the Place appointed to meet but that Town wanting Conveniencies they spent three Days together at Valencia de Alcantara Their Joy was much abated by the News of the Indisposition of Prince John who died the 13 day after he was taken ill at Salamanca on the 4th of October to the great Loss and Grief of the whole Kingdom He left the Princess with Child but that availed little for in a short time after she miscarried The Prince's Body was carried to Avila to be buried in the famous Dominican Monastery of S. Thomas This dismal News came to Alcantara whilst yet the Rejoycing for the Wedding lasted but after King Ferdinand was gone King Emanuel begged of the Queen his Mother-in-Law not to let the Queen his Wife know any thing of it and so went away with her to Ebora There she was at last acquainted with the Death of the Prince her Brother She resented it as became a loving Sister but his Parents bore their Loss with great Magnanimity The Kingdom of Naples was not yet peaceable because the Prince of Salerno and his Party mistrusting the King fortified their Towns and Castles The first Demonstration that Prince gave of his Ill-will was That tho' he appeared when King Frederick was Proclaimed at Naples yet he would not be present at his Coronation under colour of Poverty However the Prince of Basiniano came to Court the day following to excuse himself and intercede for him of Salerno No means of Peace prevailed and the King was forced to march with his Army and besiege him in his strong Town of Diano Gonçalo Fernandez was now about returning to Spain as reckoning the War of Naples at an end To this purpose he had gone into Calabria thence to Sicily and now came to Naples to take his Leave of the King and Queen They pressed him to aid them in that Siege because the Defendants were numerous and the King's Party favoured them The Great Captain gathered 500 Spaniards and the King furnishing him 500 Germans he so straitned the Besieged tho' with much danger of his Person that the Prince was forced to surrender It was agreed That the Prince with all such as would follow him might safely depart the Kingdom with their Goods That all the Towns and Forts belonging to the Prince should be delivered up to the King he paying for the Cannon and Provisions in them Thus Diano was surrendered upon the 28th of December and the Prince put himself into the hands of the Duke of Melfi to be conducted to Sangalla a City in Marca de Ancona which sided with the King of France The Earls of Conça and Lauria his Confederates bore him Company He of Capacho being very old put himself upon the King's Mercy This same Year in Autumn D. John de Gusman Duke of Medina Sidonia sent a Fleet over to Africk to People Melilla which is opposite to Almeria and had been abandoned by the Moors In recompence for the Charge he had been at that Town was given to the Duke and his Heirs for ever The Xeque or Lord of Gelves who was in Rebellion aginst the King of Tunez his Sovereign to secure himself under the Christian Protection delivered up that Island and Port to the Catholick King and in his Name to John de Lanuça then Viceroy of Sicily Captain Margarit was left with the Spanish Forces to secure that Island A solemn Embassie from France now met the King at Alcala de Henares The Proposals made were That the Two Kings with their joint Forces should invade Italy That as to the Kingdom of Naples the Catholick King should possess Calabria till such time as the French King in exchange should give him the Kingdom of Navarre and 30000 Ducats yearly for what it was worth above that Kingdom That the States of Milan and Genoa should belong to the French and all the rest of Italy be equally divided betwixt them The Catholick King was not averse from the Business of Naples but as for the rest of Italy would not be concerned without advertising the Empire who had so great a Right to it At last it was resolved King Ferdinand should send Ambassadors to France to prosecute this Treaty At this time all the Monasteries of Castile were reduced to the strict Observance of their Orders which the Dominicans Augustins and Carmelites easily condescended to The Franciscans at first made some resistance According to Agreement the King sent Ferdinand Duke of Estrada and Two others his Ambassadors to conclude a Peace with France At the same time it was believed the French King resolved to invade Roussillon but Death prevented his Designs He departed this Life at Amboise on the 17th of April 1498. The Duke of Orleans called Luis XII succeeded him At Blois where the New King was and afterwards at Orleans the Treaty of Peace was carried on that King always giving good Words and fair Promises only to gain time till he was settled in the Kingdom and could be divorced from his present Wife Sister to the late King in order to marry the Dutchess of Britany who since the death of the late King her Husband was for returning into her own Country He at last compassed his ends and had by that Dutchess two Daughters only the Eldest of which was married to Francis the Heir of that Crown Before the death of King Charles it was proposed that Caesar Borgia should resign his Cardinal's Cap to which purpose that King promised him an Estate in
France and to marry him to the Lady Charlotte Daughter to the King of Naples Her Father would not consent because they demanded the Principality of Taranto with her as Dower and this was suspected to be in order to seize the whole Kingdom of Naples The Duke of Milan and Cardinal Ascanius his Brother pressed the King to consent lest the Pope should bring the French upon him again which would prove his utter Ruin as it did K. Ferdinand did not approve of this Contrivance tho' he was offered the disposal of the Churches of Pamplona and Valencia then in the hands of Caesar Borgia These Practices scandalized all Christendom to see that a Cardinal in Holy Orders should have leave given him to marry The Wickedness of the Court of Rome gave all the World enough to talk therefore Hierome Savonarola a Dominican who of late Years had a great hand in the Government of Florence Preaching with extraordinary Freedom against the Extravagancies of the Pope was by his Order publickly burnt with two of his Companions in the Market place of that City upon Palm-Sunday Many in Florence to this day account him a Martyr others condemned his Boldness But this hapned not only at Florence for Garcilasso the Catholick King 's Ambassador reproved the Pope to his face and required him in his King's Name to redress those Disorders The Pope was angry at this Liberty but mended not his Faults Soon after Caesar Borgia publickly protested he took Orders against his Will and desired a Dispensation to quit all his Benefices and resign the Cardinal's Cap. Many of the Cardinals were of Opinion he deserved for his wicked Life to be degraded and not suffered to resign but none durst speak for fear of the Pope In fine he resigned and the New King of France created him Duke of Valence Being disappointed of the Daughter of Frederick King of Naples he married the Daughter of the Lord d' Albret and Sister to the King of Navarre By her he had a Daughter who her Father dying was left to the Care of her Unkle the King of Navarre This same Year the Great Captain having gathered a Fleet at Naples sailed for Spain He was the Honour of our Nation for the many Victories he obtained and subduing that Kingdom after such great Disorders CHAP. II. The King of Portugal sworn Heir to the Crown of Castile Elizabeth his Queen delivered of a Son dies The Duke of Milan expelled his Dominions University of Alcala founded Rebellion of the Mountain-Moors AS soon as Prince John died the King and Queen began to be sollicitous about the Succession of the Crown but waited to see what the Princess Margaret would bring forth Their Grief was increased when at Alcala de Henares she miscarried of a Daughter Hereupon they advertised the King of Portugal of his Title to the Crown and advised him to come to Castile and be Sworn according to Custom The Archduke and his Dutchess who at that time took the Stile of Princes of Spain were warned to forbear it The King and Queen of Portugal entred Castile by the way of Badajoz where they were received by the Dukes of Medina Sidonia and Alva with many other Great Men. Thence they went to spend the Holy Week at Guadalupe and on the 26th of April came to Toledo where the Catholick King and Queen expected them and according to Custom on the Sunday following Homage was done to them and they were Sworn Heirs of Castile The Business of Aragon was not so easie because Henry Duke of Segorve was alive and pretended no Woman could Inherit that Crown and therefore it appertained to him and his Son Alonso as descended of the Male Line of King Ferdinand of Aragon To make all things the easier the Kings of Castile and Portugal went to Zaragoça and there on the 14th of July proposed to the Nobility to Swear to the King and Queen of Portugal as Heirs of the Crown There arose a great Debate some affirming no Woman could Inherit that Crown and others maintaining the contrary To end this Dispute it pleased God that the Queen of Portugal on the 23d of August was delivered of a Son whom they called Michael She died within an Hour after The King her Husband returned immediately to his Kingdom The Queen's Body was deposited in the Church of S. Francis and thence translated to the Monastery of Nuns of S. Elizabeth built by her Father at Toledo On the 22d of September all Difficulties being removed the young Prince was by general Consent Sworn Heir to the Crown of Aragon and soon after the same was done in Castile Before King Ferdinand went to Zaragoça he had sent D. Alonso de Sylva his Ambassador to France to Compliment the New King upon his Accession to the Crown and at the same time to press the Conclusion of the Peace He with the other Ambassadors there before soon brought it to a Period The same was done on his part by the Archduke without consulting his Father or Father-in-Law Luis d' Amboise Archbishop of Roan by his Interest with the King of France much forwarded this Agreement In September the Pope made him a Cardidal at the suit of the French King who was intent upon passing into Italy upon account of the Right he pretended to have to the Dutchy of Milan and Kingdom of Naples From Zaragoça King Ferdinand sent D. Yn̄igo de Cordova Brother to the Earl of Cabra and Dr. Philip Ponce to require the Pope to restore the City Benevento to the Church and to reform the Abuses of his Court and Leudness of his Family The King of Portugal by the Advice of his Father-in-Law sent D. Roderick de Castro and D. Henry Coutin̄o to Rome with the same Embassie They all admonished the Pope and made their Protestation Garcilasso de la Vega performing the Office of Notary Apostolick The Pope was highly offended and threatned to punish them for their Presumption yet at last be answered That Benevento was not nor should not be alienated As to the Reforming his House he answered harshly Within few days the Prince of Esquilache his Wife his Sister Lucrecia and her Husband whose Leudness as well as Caesar Borgia's incensed the People all departed Rome Such was the Hatred the Pope conceived on this account against Garcilasso de la Vega that he was forced to leave that City and the Portugues Ambassadors soon followed at the beginning of the Year 1499. Those of the Catholick King stayed some time longer till the coming of Lorenço Suarez de Figueroa who was appointed to succeed his Brother Garcilasso after he had been Ambassador at Venice where he gained great Reputation Many heavy Cares at the same time lay upon the Catholick King Italy was in danger by reason of the French King's Pretensions The Pope egged him on in hopes to be revenged on King Frederick and to raise Duke Valentine The Venetians also offended with the Duke
Majesty and joining with the Duke of Najara and Marguess de Villena the Heads of the contrary Faction at the Archbishop of Toledo's Lodging they agreed that all Debates arising should be absolutely decided by the Arch-Bishop and 6 others chosen out of both Parties and that their Determination should be binding Thus on the First of October Articles of Agreement were Concluded upon among the Nobles and they all Swore to stand by them and they to continue in Force all the Month of December Among other things it was Decreed that none should presume to levy Forces That none should Infest or Invade the Lands Castles and Towns of another That none should Seize upon the Person of the Queen who was of Burgos or of Prince Ferdinand who was at Simancas Peter Nunez de Guzman his Governor to prevent any surprize had Recourse to the President and Council of Valladolid and they went to Simancas and brought away the Prince Placeing him in Safety in the College of S. Gregory Built by D. Alonso de Burgos Bishop of Palencia and given to the Dominicans The same day the Nobility Concluded their Agreement at Burgos the Catholick King arrived at Genoa His Voyage was tedious contrary Winds forcing him to touch at Palamos and Toulon and then to Coast along by Savona and Genoa Before he came to that City he was met by the Great Captain with the Gallies of Naples The King received him with great Affection being then convinced of his Fidelity notwithstanding all Aspersions cast upon him and spoke very much in his Commendation both before him and in his Absence Most Men but particularly the Italians could hardly be perswaded that so Wise a Man as the Great Captain would put himself into the Power of so jealous a King The City sent the King many Presents tho' he would not Land only advised them to preserve Peace among themselves for he would be always ready to Assist his Brother the King of France This made them quiet for the present tho' soon after they obliged the King of France to come into Italy to pacifie them Putting to Sea again from Genoa contrary Winds forced him into Portoso there on the 5th of October he received the News of the death of King Philip. The Archbishop of Toledo and others of his Party desired him to return with all speeed to Castile as did also D. Alvaro Osirio who was with him with the Character of Ambassador from King Philip. Yet he resolved to prosecute his Voyage He writ to the Prelates and Nobility expressing his Grief for the death of King Philip and Recommending to them to continue Loyal to the Queen promising to be with them as soon as he had settled the Affairs of Naples From Portosi he went on to Gaeta where at Puzol he spent some days to give the Neapolitans time to prepare for his Reception for they had never believed he would come especially after the death of King Philip. From Puzol he went to Castel del Ovo there on the First of November 20 Galleys came out of the Port and the King went aboard the Admiral The Cannon of the Galleys was fired first and then that of the Castles and the Ships in the Harbour This done the Galleys laid along the side of the Mole The King and Queen landed by a wooden Bridge built for that purpose The Great Captain and all the Nobility came out to meet them Being come to the last Arch of the Bridge the Great Captain leading the Queen there the King swore to preserve the Privileges of that City After which they took Horse under a Canopy carried by the Elects of the People Fabricius Colona carried the Royal Standard given him by the King himself with the Honour of Standard-bearer Next him went the Kings at Arms then the Great Captain and on his Right-hand Prosper Colona After them the other Nobility and Ambassadors But the pleasantest Sight of all was the Prisoners then set at Liberty Next behind the Canopy were the Two Cardinals of Borgia and Sorento In this manner they were conducted through the Principal Streets and Lanes of Gentlemen and Ladies richly clad and great Companies of Vocal and Instrumental Musick Being come to the Great Church they were received by the Clergy and Religious Orders in Procession At Castelnovo where the Cavalcade ended they were received by the Two Queens of Naples and the Queen of Hungary Nextday the King rode about the City accompanied by the Barons and to Honour the Great Captain alighted at his House He entred upon Business and went about to restore Ten Barons who had Forfeited their Estates A Parliament was held where they took the Oath of Fidelity to the King to his Daughter Queen Joanna and their Heirs without mentioning Queen Germana contrary to the Agreement made with France The Pretence was that she was indisposed and had already been Sworn Queen of Naples at Valladolid Mean while Castile was full of private Dissention yet nothing broke out in publick The Queen neither would nor could attend the Government only such as would obeyed the Orders of the Council Some would have the Cortes assembled to appoint Governours This was chiefly urged by the Archbishop of Toledo the Constable and the Admiral They could never persuade the Queen to sign the Writs and therefore the Council issued them The Duke of Alva tho' not at Court then opposed it saying only the King could assemble the Cortes For this reason tho' some of the Commons met nothing was done All was in confusion the Nobility at variance but yet the most agreed that King Ferdinand ought to Govern The chief of these were the Archbishop of Toledo the Constable the Admiral and the Dukes of Albuquerque and Bejar Some of these would not allow him to Govern unless he were present others said he might tho' absent Of these was the Archbishop who sollicited the King and Queen to give him as ample Commission as when he Treated with King Philip. The Duke of Najara D. Alonso Tellez Brother to the Marquess of Villena and D. John Manuel were of Opinion that no account ought to be made of the Queen no more than if she were dead by reason of her Weakness and therefore her Son Charles ought to succeed But neither could they agree in this Point for the Duke would have him brought to Spain that such as the Kingdom made choice of might Govern in his Name D. Alonso said the Protectorship belonged to the Emperor as Grandfather by the Father's side This Opinion prevailed above the Duke's and the Emperour was desirous to take upon him the Government proposing to come himself into Spain Some there were that would commit the Government to the King of Portugal and marry Prince Ferdinand to his Daughter Elizabeth proclaiming him King being utterly averse to Strangers Others were for marrying the Daughter of King Philip to the Prince of Viana and so putting the Kingdom under the King
the Kingdom of Asturias but the King said it had never allowed any Prince and therefore consented to allow him 30000 Ducats a year and to add to that Sum whensoever he was married The Emperour also demanded for himself 100000 Ducats of which 50000 were allowed him to be paid by the Florentines on account of the delivery of Pisa to them King Ferdinand also offered to assist the Emperour against the Venetians with 300 Men at Arms to whom he would give 4 or 5 Months Pay It was also agreed that whensoever Prince Charles would go into Spain a Fleet should be sent for him and Prince Ferdinand should go to Flanders as soon as the other was landed in Spain Upon these Conditions they joined in League and all Differences were reconciled Because the King of France and Cardinal d' Amboise had been chosen Arbitrators these Articles were sent to them to peruse and they approved of the same on the 12th of December This done all their Estates were restored to those who had been of the Emperour 's and Prince's Party and D. Peter de Guevara was set at liberty according to Capitulation Upon which some Gentlemen departed the Kingdom pretending to go serve the Prince Among these D. Alonso Manrique Bishop of Badajoz was most remarkable At this time the Earl of Pitillano the Venetian General died at Lonigo in the Territory of Vincenza King Ferdinand ordered the Earl of Lemos who still held Intelligence in Portugal and Flanders to deliver up the Forts of Sarria and Monforte to the Lord of Poça then Governour of Galicia D. Raymund de Cardona Viceroy of Sicily was appointed to succeed the Earl of Ribagorça at Naples and D. Hugo de Moncada to be Viceroy of Sicily Various Reports were spread abroad concerning this Change of Viceroy at Naples Most Men said the Earl of Ribagorça was not capable of that Command Others believed the Ursini were the cause of his removal But who can stop the Mouths of the Multitude or fathom the Designs of Princes King Ferdinand being desirous to employ his Forces against the Infidels was always for concluding a Peace with the Venetians and joining in League with them after each of the Confederates had recovered what he pretended a right to Thus he proposed with the joint Forces of them all to make War upon the Turks the common Enemy of Christendom It was hard to reconcile such different Interests He proposed to join his Forces with those of the other Princes and to go himself in Person to the Levant This his Design he made known to the Pope who approved of it and offered to forward it The Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily lay opportunely for this Enterprize Those who well weighed the Circumstances of Things thought it not fit for the King at his Age and in the present posture of Affairs in Castile to absent himself so far off It was thought more expedient to continue the Conquest of Africk so fortunately begun Count Peter Navarro had 13 Ships well equipped in the Port of Mazalquivir He sailed thence with some chosen Troops to the Island Yviça where Hierome Vianelo expected him with another part of the Fleet. There they staid some days it being the dead of Winter It was declared the Fleet was designed for Bugia They sailed from Yviça on the first of January 1510. The Forces consisted of about 5000 Men well provided with Cannon Bugia is seated on the Coast of Numidia not far from the Borders of Mauritania Caesariensis First it belonged to the Kings of Tunez then to those of Tremecen who possessed it till recovered by Abuferriz King of Tunez He left it to his Son Abdulhazis with the Title of a New Kingdom From him was descended Abdurrahamel the present Possessor who usurped it from Muley Abdalla his Brother's Son and the Rightful King It is seated on the side of a high Mountain with a good Castle at the upper part all of it encompassed with an old but strong Wall It used to contain 8000 Inhabitants and was the chief University for Philosophy in Africk The Country about it is fitter for Gardens and Orchards than to bear Corn Our Fleet came before it on the Eve of the Epiphany but the Men could not land because the Wind was contrary On the top of the Mountain appeared the Moorish King with 10000 Foot and some Squadrons of Horse They began to come down to the Shoar to hinder our Men landing but the Cannon of the Fleet made them draw back and clear the Landing-place The Earl drew up his Men in Four Bodies and began to ascend the Hill in order to fight the Moors but they retired into the City Our Men some through an Ascent in the Old City which was abandoned and others from the top of the Mountain soon scaled the Walls Within they found no resistance for as they entred on the one side the King and his Men fled out at the other This Success terrified all Africk and the more for that Muley Abdalla the Lawful King escaping out of Prison fled to the Earl He after taking the City attacked Abdarrahamel in his Camp 8 Leagues thence and put him to flight upon which many Towns along that Coast submitted themselves The first of these was Argier afterwards the Terror of Spain and grown Rich with our Spoils After Argier the King of Tunez and City Tedeliz did the same Even the King of Tremecen and Moors of Mostagan subjected themselves to the King Articles were concluded with them all by which they were obliged to set free all Christians and pay a yearly Tribute This took up the Earl some time yet he omitted nothing that might tend to advance the Conquest At this time Alonso d' Albuquerque in India made himself Master of the City Goa the Metropolis of the Portugues Empire in those Parts This City stands in an Island made by a River falling into the Sea It is about 5 Leagues in length was subject to Zabaim Hidalcan and at that time ill provided he having drawn away the Garrison to serve in his other Wars Timoja a Pirate who robbed along those Seas with 14 Vessels gave notice of it to the Governour and he found all his Intelligence to be true On the 16th of February he entred that Port and easily made himself Master of the City Francis d' Almeyda his Predecessor in his return to Portugal having put in to Water at the Cape of Good Hope was killed in a Skirmish with the Cafres so the Natives of that Country are called The Catholick King had made choice of D. Garcia de Toledo Eldest Son to the Duke of Alva to be General in Africk designing to make use of Count Peter Navarro in his Wars in Italy D. Garcia made some considerable stay before he departed Spain The Earl not to lose time as also because the Plague began to spread in Bugia on the 7th of June set out with 8000 Men towards Favignana a
Successors when they received the Investiture These were the same Conditions that had been imposed upon Charles the first of France About the beginning of July this Grant was passed by the Pope and College of Cardinals On the 7th of August the Pope remitted the yearly Tribute and the 50000 Duccats contenting himself with the white Palfrey and his Furniture and 300 Horse to serve him wheresoever there was War in the State of the Church designing to use them against Ferrara In the time of Pope Leo there was imposed an acknowledgment of 7000 Duccats for the leave granted to the Emperor Charles the 5th to hold that Kingdom together with the Empire which was contrary to the antient Capitulations with the Houses of Anjou and Aragon The King of France was much offended at this Proceeding and by his Ambassador the Bishop of Rieux complained grievously thereof to the Catholick King whilst the Cortes sat at Monçon There on the 13th of August was a Subsidy granted the King of 500000 Crowns a great Sum considering the Time and the Liberty of those Provinces They also in Case the King should be called away authorised Queen Germana to preside and even to assemble the Cortes again if broke up provided she were commissioned as Lieutenant of those Kingdoms The Associations erected some Years before were now dissolved Many Ambassadors and great numbers of Nobility were at Monçon during the Sitting of the Cortes At Malaga a Fleet was provided to carry over D. Garcia de Toledo and the Forces for the Conquests of Africk The King was earnest they should set out yet they delayed some time because of the Plague that was at Bugia The Fleet sailed in the heat of Summer carrying 7000 Men. Part of the Fleet and 3000 Men were left at Bugia to secure that Place James de Vera having put Bugia into a good Posture followed the Fleet and they came together being 16 Galleys to the Port of Tripoli at such time as Count Peter Navarro had embarqued his Men to the number of 8000 designing for Gelves the greatest and most important Island on the Coast of Africk about 100 Leagues West of Tripoli It is plain and sandy covered with Palm and Olive Trees so near the Continent that on the one side there is a Bridge to go over to it In length it is above 16 miles wants Water has no Town but scattering Houses and on the Shore a Castle where the Lord lives It was once subject to the King of Tunez but at this time had a Xeque or particular Lord. On the 28th of August they arrived at Gelves The Forces landed finding no Opposition either in the Island or on the Continent at a Town they call Puente Quebrada All the Army was divided into 3 Bodies D. Garcia tho he was General would advance before the rest with the Gentlemen that followed him Some say it was by advice of Peter Navarro others affirm it was against his Will The Xeque had about 150 Horse and 2000 Foot but so ill armed and so fearful they offered good Terms rather than come to Blows It was Afternoon when our Forces began to march the heat of the sandy Ground was so violent as if all had been in a Flame Scarce had they advanced 2 Leagues when some fell down dead with Drought and all suffered extremely The Vanguard being come to a Wood of Palm Trees fell into Disorder to seek Water at some Wells they imagined there were near certain ruined Houses Here the Moors observing their Confusion fell upon them D. Garcia and others that were a horse-back lighted Some advised him to retire He answered Advance Gentlemen are we come hither to turn our backs If Fortune frown on us yet she cannot make us forget the Duty we owe to our Birth Having said thus he took a Pike from an Aragonian and fell in among the Moors Our Men nothing moved by the Example of their General fled The Moors took the advantage and falling on killed four of those that alighted which were D. Garcia Garci Sarmiento Loaya and Christopher Velasquez all Commanders of Note There was no stopping of those that fled The Count ordered the Batallions of James Pocheco and Giles Nieto which were with him in the Rear to make head against the Moors and by that means prevented their being all cut off The Earl himself was in such a Consternation he was one of the first that embarqued tho he might pretend it was to oblige the Galleys next the Shore to take in the Men many being drowned because they would not admit them About 4000 of our Men were killed or taken and among them many of Note The Body of D. Garcia was carried to the Xeque who writ to D. Hugo de Moncada Viceroy of Sicily that supposing that Lord to be the King 's Kisman he kept his Body in a Chest to be disposed of as he should direct D. Garcia left a young Son called D. Ferdinand Alvarez de Toledo who was afterwards one of the famous Generals of the World Count Peter Navarro having sent the King an account of that Disaster ordered the Galleys back to Naples and with the rest of the Fleet sailed for Tripoli where he arrived on the 19th of December having been 8 days in a Storm He left James de Vera in that City with a Garrison of 3000 Men other 3000 he disbanded being unfit for Service and he with 4000 more and part of the Fleet went out to scowr the Coast between Gelvez and Tunez Bad Weather obliged him to lie by most part of the Winter in the Island Lampadosa near Sicily An infinite number of Moors about the end of this Year layed Siege to the City Safin on the Coast of Africk and subject to the Portugueses Atayde the Governour having received some Supplies from the Island of Madera defended himself bravely and the Siege being raised made an Inroad as far as Almedina 32 miles from Safin He had several Skirmishes with the Moors took a great Booty but in his return such great Numbers came upon him that he was forced to quit it He made several other Incursions and came up to the very Walls of Morocco an Action of more Honour than Advantage The same was done by D. John Coutin̄o Governour of Arzilla and Peter de Sousa of Azamer both brave Commanders and ambitious of enlarging the Portugues Dominions in Africk which might have been the more easily performed that Country being divided into many Kingdoms and they at variance among themselves CHAP. X. Some Cardinals Revolt from the Pope Bolonia taken by the French The Revolted Cardinals summon a General Council MUch about the same time the Catholick King having broke up the Cortes at Monçon returned to Castile and Pope Julius set out from Rome towards Bolonia The King was going to the Cortes of Castile summoned to meet at Madrid to take care for carrying on the War in Africk and no less to provide for the Affairs
under the Crown of Castile The King of France highly offended at this Disappointment to revenge it sent a new Army into Biscay under the Command of the Admiral of France who took Fuenterabia a strong Town upon the Frontiers Several Rencounters happened betwixt our Forces and those of the Enemy but at length the Town was recovered Beatrix youngest Daughter to the King of Portugal contracted to Charles Duke of Savoy was carried to her Husband in a Fleet fitted out for that purpose The Publick Joy for this Marriage was not lasting for that the King of Portugal died in December His Body was buried in the Monastery of Bethlem built by himself near Lisbon and appointed the burial Place of Kings King John the Third of the Name his Son succeeded him On the 2d of December died at Rome Pope Leo whose Memory was Reverenced for that he had restored the Peace of Italy favoured Learning and much restored the University of Rome by bringing to it Professors of all Sciences from other Parts with great Expence Nevertheless he is blamed as having been given to his Pleasures more than became his high Dignity and for immoderately extolling his Kindred first his Brother Julian and after his Death Laurence his Nephew Son to Peter his other Brother To raise them he designed to deprive the Duke of Vrbin of his Dominions but the Death of both the Brother and the Nephew prevented the execution of his Designs Pope Leo was of the House of Medicis whose Genealogy â—s this which follows The Great Cosmo de Mediois who lived in Florence 100 Years before this had a Son called Peter and by him two Grandsons Laurence and Julian Laurence had three Sons Peter John the present Pope Leo and Julian Julian had a natural Son born after his Father's Death and called Julius who came to be Pope and was called Clement the Seventh Peter Brother to Pope Leo had a Son called Laurence the Younger who was General of his Unkle the Pope's Forces He by a Mistriss had Alexander afterwards Duke of Florence by his Wife Magdalen of Bolonia left Catharine who came to be Queen of France whereby the House of Medicis is related to many Royal Families The second Julian Brother to Pope Leo had a Son called Hypolito who was afterwards a Cardinal his Unkle Pope Clement giving him the Cap. Anno 1522. On the 10th of January Cardinal Adrian tho a Fleming and at that time absent was by the Conclave chosen Pope At that time he was employed in the Government of Spain The News of his promotion was brought to him at Vitoria where he then was to give Orders for carrying on the War against France and recovering of Fuenterabia Immediately he hasted away in order to pass over into Italy yet he came not to Rome till the Summer was well advanced His Papacy was short as not exceeding twenty Months but his Learning Wisdom and Virtue were very great He changed not his Name but was called Adrian the 6th By him St. Antony Archbishop of Florence and Benon Bishop of Misna were Canonised On the 3d of February the Royalists under the Conduct of the Archbishop of Bari overcame the Rebels who were possessed of the City Toledo and so those Tumults ended Charles the Emperor leaving his Brother Ferdinand in January with the Title of Vicar of the Empire set out for Spain to settle the Kingdom and put an end to the Troubles of it He arrived with his Fleet at Santaren on the 16th of July Christiern King of Denmark had married Elizabeth Sister to the new Emperor His Uncle Frederick usurped the Kingdom whereby he was obliged to retire into Flanders where he continued in Banishment the space of 10 Years which was as long as he lived He left two Daughters lawfully begotten which were Elizabeth and Christiern the first was married to Alonso Duke of Lorrain the other to Francis Sforcia Duke of Milan Anno 1523. Pope Adrian granted to the Emperor Charles and his Successors Kings of Spain the full Authority of electing and presenting the Bishops within their Dominions His Bull was passed on the 6th of September He also for ever granted them to hold the Administration of the three military Orders which other Popes had only granted for a time The Pope died at Rome on the 12th of the same Month oppressed with Care and Grief for that the Turks had the Year before possessed themselves of the Island of Rhodes after it had endured a Siege of Eight Months During the vacancy of the Papal Chair died at Rome Cardinal Bernardin de Carvajal who had been Bishop first of Astorga then of Badajoz of Carthagena of Siguença and lastly of Plansencia D. Gutierre de Carvajal Bishop of Plasencia was Nephew to the Cardinal who resigned that See up to him This Year also died F. James Deza Master to Prince John successively Bishop of Salamanca Jaen and Sevil Inquisitor General and Elect of Toledo On the 20th of December Cardinal Julius de Medicis Cousin-German to Pope Leo the Tenth was chosen Pope in the place of Adrian deceased and took the Name of Clement the Seventh He governed the Church ten Years 10 Months and 7 Days He confirmed the Order of the Theatins calling it the Congregation of Divine-Love It was instituted by Peter Garrafa Bishop of Theatinum and other pious Persons Their Habit differs not from that of the other Clergy their Life is retired free from worldly Business and employed in singing the Canonical Hours Anno 1524. The French who had entred the Dutchy of Milan and made themselves Masters of a great part of it were this Year almost enclosed by the Imperial Army under the Command of the Duke of Bourbon who took most of the Places from whence the Army was supplied and by that means brought them into great Distress for want of Provisions This obliged the Admiral of France General of those Forces to endeavour to make a retreat but the Imperialists were so close upon him that he was forced to fight his Army was wholly overthrown and only a small part of it returned home by the way of Turin This Victory encouraged the Duke of Bourbon and Marquis of Pescara to lay Siege to Marseilles where when they had lain six Weeks hearing that the French King was coming with a powerful Army they sent away their heavy Cannon by Sea and retired with great precipitation The King not to lose this Advantage hastned to pass the Mountains and soon possessed himself of the Cities of Milan and other Places and then laid Siege to Pavia Anno 1525. King John of Portugal married Charlotte Sister to Charles the Emperor The Nuptial Solemnities were performed with much Majesty at Estremoz on the 5th of February This Lady had many Children which were Alonso Mary Catharine Beatrix Emanuel Philip John and Antony Of all these only Prince John and the Princess Mary lived to be marriagable and even
himself Master of both those places which done he possessed all the Posts about Orbitello where Charles de la Gata a Spaniard commanded and laid close Siege to it He raised several Batteries which play'd furiously upon the Town making large breaches in the Walls and still carried on his Works with great Labour But the Governour was no less industrious and vigilant still making up what the Enemies Cannon had ruin'd and with often sallies firing and destroying their Works At length the Fleet of Naples came to the Relief of the Besieged and in some Encounters with the Enemy had always the best The Spanish Forces also of Naples and Milan being joined and approaching to the assistance of the Besieged Prince Thomas finding his Army much diminish'd not only by the Assaults he had given but much more by Sickness caused by the excessive heat of the Weather retir'd back with his Army into Piedmont Thus after a Siege of 60 days Orbitello was deliver'd from danger whereas most Men judged it could not have held out above 20. It was not long before the French retrieved this Disgrace for their Fleet being soon refitted returned under the Command of the Mareschal Meleraie who possessing himself of Porto Longone in the Island Ilva opposite to the City Plombin with the same ease brought that City also to Subjection The War with Partugal was not this Year carried on with any great vigour nor any notable Action done on that side Several Incursions were made by our Parties with good success defeating those of the Enemy and bringing away great Booties of Cattel At last the Enemy with a powerful Army took the Field designing to besiege Badajoz and threatning the whole Province of Estremadura All this Preparation fell to nothing for they compassed not the razing the Fort of Telena as they intended but retired from before it with much precipitation upon the approach of the Spanish Army leaving the Fort as they found it In the Low Countries the Duke of Anguien with an Army of 40000 Men took Courtray and Winoxberg and recover'd Mardike before surprized by the Spaniards This done they laid Siege to Dunkirk which had been his principal design this place being of great importance as the chief Port the Spaniards then resorted to was bravely defended by the Marquis de Lede with a Garison of 4000 Men. But the Duke having a numerous Army which he no way spared and the Hollanders with their Fleet lying before the Harbour so that no Relief could be put into the Place it was at last surrendred upon honourable Conditions King Philip having made choice of D. John Enriquez de Cabrera Great Admiral of Castile and late Viceroy of Naples for the Embassy to Rome to yield Obedience to Pope Innocent the X. he performed that Ceremony on the 28th of April with the greatest Pomp and Magnificence that had been seen in Rome for many Years Balthasar Charles Prince of Spain and then the only Heir of the Crown having lain sick but 3 days died the 9th of October in the flower of his Age to the unspeakable Grief of all these Kingdoms Also Mary the Empress departed this Life at Lintz in Austria leaving 3 Children This Year the wonderful Bell of Vililla in Aragon rung of it self three times in one day which was Monday the 30th of April the first time it gave 11 strokes the second 8 and the third 7. Anno 1647. D. John of Austria living retir'd at Ocan̄a was this Year called thence to take the command of Generalissimo by Sea He set sail from Cadiz with a mighty Fleet and entring the Streights took a rich French Ship which carried Presents of great value to the Queen of Portugal At Tarragona he landed 4000 Men for the Service of Catalonia and sail'd thence to Naples A Deputy sent by the City Valencia to complain of certain Grievances came to the Court of Madrid and was received by the King with all possible Demonstrations of Honour all the Grandees and Noblemen of the Court attending him and his House was allow'd the same Priviledges as those of Foreign Ministers After the defeat of Monsieur de Harcour at Lerida the Prince of Conde was constituted General of the French Forces in Catalonia and coming Post to Barcelona took possession of that Command the 15th of April On the 12th of May he laid Siege to Lerida taking the same Posts that Harcour had done the Year before and batter'd it furiously D. Gregory de Brito that famous Portugues was then Governor of that City who defended it with much bravery making several sallies in which he kill'd many of the Enemy and took several Prisoners On the 18th of June the Prince of Conde by night raised his Siege and march'd over the River Noguera to a place called Las Horcas de Lerida Next day a supply of 1000 Foot with Ammunition and Provisions was put into the City The Marquis de Aytona march'd with an Army of 12000 Foot and 3500 Horse against the Prince of Conde who being too weak to oppose him dispers'd his Forces into the strong Garisons expecting new supplies from France The Constable of Castile Governour of Milan took Niza de la Palla Alva and other places in Montferrat ravaging the Country and driving the French into their Places of strength The Duke of Arcos Viceroy of Naples sent him 2500 Men in 12 Galleys commanded by Janetin Doria He landed these Forces at Final and in his return to Naples discovering the French Fleet consisting of 25 Men of War 8 Fireships and 13 Galleys he retired into Savona a Port of the Genoeses whether the French Fleet pursued threatning to burn all our Galleys unless they surrendred The Governour of Savona sent to the French Admiral to let him know if he fired a Shot he would answer with all the Guns of the City which made the French lie still till hearing that the Spanish Fleet was coming they retir'd to Toulon In the Low Countries nothing considerable was done this Year the French appear'd about Antwerp and thence moved to Oudenard without attempting any thing of moment A Truce was concluded with the Hollanders and proclaim'd at the Hague so that a free Trade was re-establish'd between them and the Spanish Provinces After the Archduke Leopold had taken upon him the Government of the Low Countries he assembled all his Forces and took from the French Armentiers Landresi and several other Places of less Note In June the Articles of Marriage betwixt King Philip and the Archdutchess Mary Anne Eldest Daughter to the Emperor Ferdinand the III. were brought to Madrid and receiv'd with great Joy and Satisfaction of the whole Court We will end this Year with the Relation of the most wonderful Rebellion that hapned at Naples After that City and Kingdom became subject to the Kings of Spain it was for some time govern'd with great Moderation and had very ample Priviledges granted to it especially by
Sertorius 40 Monasteries founded 89 Monks cast off their Subjection to the Bishops 155 Moors 12000 of them pass over into Spain their 2d Coming 98 Their Progress in Spain 99 From Spain they invade France 104 37000 kill'd in one Battel by Charles Martel 105 In Rebellion at Toledo and at Cordova 111 Overthrown 30000 of them kill'd in a Battel 122 Their Kingdom divided into many small Principalities They buy a Peace 133 Rise against King Ferdinand and are suppress'd 143 Intercede for the Queen and Archbishop 152 Routed by the Christians 156 60000 of them kill'd 199 20000 overthrown Fol. 208 p. 2 Vanquish'd in a Sea Fight 210 234 Banish'd Valencia Fol. 212 p. 2 Begin the War Fol. 214 p. 2 Of Granada expell their King 10000 of them slain with their King 246 268 470000 invade Spain 261 20000 slain Call'd by the Christians to their Assistance 277 Overthrown 332 Ravage Andaluzia 376 Of Granada break the Peace 402 Of Granada invade Murcia 430 Recover the lost Towns 453 In the Mountains rebell 483 Moorish Fleet perishes by Storms 116 Moorish King baptiz'd 207 Moorish Kings of Loragoca 159 Moorish Kings in Spain revolt 214 Moorish King of Granada depos'd 244 Moorish King of Granada wrongfully put to Death 280 Moorish King taken and set at liberty 444 Submits himself 454 Besieg'd by his own People 555 More Troubles in Gastile 241 Most villanous Action of Castilian Rebels 407 Mountain falls 103 Mozambique discover'd 475 Mummius defeated and 10000 of his Men slain He Triumphs over the Lusitani 34 Murcia Kingdom deliver'd up by the Moors 209 Murcia City taken by the Aragonians 215 237 Murder of 7 Brothers call'd the Infantes of Lara 129 Mutinous Lords in Castile submit 315 Matiny in Rome about choosing a Pope 63 In Sevil. 309 In Toledo 525 375 At Segovia 376 About Taxes 404 At Toledo and Sevil. 415 At Badajoz 231 In the Spanish Army 504 Muza the Moor comes into Spain Takes several Towns He and Tariff at variance 100 His Death 103 N. Naples besieg'd by the Aragonians 364 Taken by the Aragonians 368 Navarre revolts 91 Brought under by the French 219 Makes Peace with Castle 295 Its Kings Fictions concerning them Un certainties concerning that Country abridg'd 121 It s King defeated and taken by the Earl of Castile 125 Over-run by the Kings of Aragon and Castile 187 United to Castile Invaded by the French 551 Swears Allegiance to King Ferdinand 549 Pacifi'd Navarrois and Arragonians make War 536 Navarrois twice defeated 175 Navas de Tolosa Battel why so call'd 190 Nebuchadnezzar said to conquer Spain 11 Nero reigns 14 Years Kills himself 53 Nerva reigns 16 Months 55 New Debate in Aragon Fol. 215 p. 2 Trouble in Castile 338 520 And Breach of Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon 352 Commotions in Castile 366 War in Naples 386 Nicholas Pope dies 383 Nigidius routed by Viriatus 36 Nineteen Sail of Infidels destroy'd 503 Nobility of Castile raise Tumults 340 Supported in Rebellion by the King of Navarre 375 Conspire against their King Fol. 216 p. 2 Reconcil'd 311 Nobility of Naples favour the Aragonians 359 Swear Fidelity to Spain 506 Noblemen secure to themselves all strong Holds 430 Nobles of Castile reconciled to King Alonso 216 Nobles of Castile join with Portugal in favour of the rightful Heiress 423 Nobles in Castile for and against King Philip 514 Norbanus Triumphs over Spain 49 Normans infest the Coast of Spain 114 126 Their Actions in Italy Their Earls and Kings 148 Notable Combat of 11 Persons on each side 493 Notable Valour of a Spaniard 504 Notes of the Translator 107 110 Numantia its Description Terms of Peace it made with Sempronius Gracchus 33 Prosecrtion of the War 34 Revolts again Is besieged by Pompey 38 Destroy'd by Scipio 40 Nuptials in Germany O Obeydalla calls himself King of Toledo 132 Occasion of the barbarous Nations coming into Spain 68 Of the Wars betwixt France and England 253 Odd Project if true 100 Olmedo doubtful Fight betwixt the King and the Rebels 409 Opilius Macrinus reigns 3 Months and 28 Days 57 Oran in Africk taken 534 Order of the Belt Instituted 257 Orders of S. Dominick La Merced of Redemption of Captives 200 Of S. Hierome and S. Isidore 292 Ordono King of Leon his Reign 113 Ordono the 2d succeeds 117 Ordono the 3d inherits the Crown Is divorced from his Wife and Marries another 123 Ordono usurps and expells King Sancho flies to the Moors Original of the Division of the Goths 97 Of the several Kingdoms of Spain Of the Kings of Navarre Of the Earls of Aragon and those of Barcelona 117 Of the Neapolitan War 464 Orus or Hercules kills the 3 Sons oof Gerion 7 Osiris the Egyptian kills Gerion 6 Otho joins Galba Reigns 95 Days 53 Is defeated and kills himself 34 Ottoman Founder of the Empire of that Name 247 Overthrow given the Infidels 149 Of the Christians 217 Of the Moors 253 Of the Rebels in Catalonia 406 Of the Portugueses 455 Of the Swissers 561 Of the Castilians 303 P. Pacification in Aragon 204 Padua recover'd from the Venetians 536 Palencia rebuilt 136 Palma one oof the Canary Islands conquer'd 464 Particulars of the Christians Success 262 Paul General for King Wamba takes part with the REbels Is declar'd King 91 Taken Prisoner 93 Paul the 2 d Pope dies 415 Paul de Cartagena famous for Learning 319 Paulus Hypseus Peace in Spain 40 Broken by the Infidels 126 Betwixt the Moors and King of Leon. 126 With the Romans 87 With the Moors 227 Betwixt France and Aragon 333 Betwixt Sicily and Naples 240 Betwixt Castile and Aragon 164 168 260 279 For some time with the Moors 208 Betwixt the English and Castilians 355 Betwixt Castile Aragon and Navarre 351 Betwixt Castile and Portugal 290 435 291 336 Betwixt France and Castile 433 Betwixt France and Spain 485 Betwixt France and Venice 553 With France takes no effect 496 Pelayus or Pelagius flies too Biscay 99 Undertakes to oppose the Infidels Cause of his taking Arms. Is declar'd King 102 With 1000 Christians miraculously overcomes a great Power of the Infidels 103 His Power increases 104 His Death 105 Penon in Africk taken by the Spaniards Perfidiousness of Duke Valentin 507 Perpenna succeeds Sertorius Is kill'd 44 Perpignan built 144 Persecution under Severus 57 Under Decius 58 Under Dioclesian 59 At Cordova 112 Under the Moors 173 Peter declar'd King of Castile Is sick and recovers 268 Marries 270 Forsakes his Queen for the Lady Mary de Padilla 270 Changes his Officers Punishes Rebels Marries another and forsakes her his first Wife still living 271 Punishes Rebels 273 Expell'd the Kingdom 283 Flies to the English 284 Restor'd 285 Excommunicated and absolv'd 286 Provides for his Defence Is overthrown Betray'd and Murder'd by his Bastard-Brother 287 Peter the 1 st King of Aragon succeeds his Father 156 Peter the 2 d King of Aragon 186 Peter the 3 d King of
French and Aragonians at variance Henry K. of Castile dies Castile divided betwixt the Rightful Princess Joanna and Elizabeth the Usurper 1475. Ferdinand received in Castile Marquess de Villena his double Dealing Nobles of Castile join with Portugal in favour of the Rightful Heiress Ferdinand labours to gain the Nobility of Castile Alonso K. of Portugal proclaimed King of Castile being Contracted to the Rightful Heiress French and Portuguese Forces against Castile 1476 John Pr. of Portugal comes to his Fathers assistance into Castile Fight betwixt the Portugues and Castilian Armies Defeat of the Portugueses Great Disorders throughout Casile Factions in Navarre Alonso King of Portugal goes over into Africk and thence into France Endeavours to pacifie Navarre Toro surprized by the Castilians King Ferdinand chose Master of Santiago in trust Moores of Granada invade Murcia Noblemen secure to themselves all the strong holds Disorders in Sicily and Sardinia The King of Portugal resolves to go in Pilgrimage to Hierusalem and resigns his Crown to his Son John Prince of Portugal restores the Crown to his Father 1478 Sardinia reduced Birth of Prince John of Castile Inquisition first settled in Spain Actions on the Frontiers of Castile and Portugal Peace betwixt Castile and France 1479. John King of Aragon dyes Factions continue in Navarre Heretical oppinions condemned in Spain Counâ—ess of Medellin a turbulent-Woman Overthrow of the Portugueses King Ferdinand goes into Aragon Peace concluded betwixt Castile and Portugal 1480. Grants made by King Henry declared void by the Cortes The Turks take Otranto in Italy 1481. Ferdinand's Son sworn Heir of Castile Aragon and Catalonia Alonso King of Portugal dies John II. of Portugal Three great Men die 1482. Francis Crowned King of Navarre 1483. The young K. of Navarre dies Traitors punished in Portugal 1483. Ratifications of the Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal Luis XI King of France dies The famous War with the Moors of Granada 1481. Zahara surprized by the Moors 1482. Alhama taken by the Christians Alhama in vain besieged by the Moors Preparations for War with the Moors Loxa besieged by the Christians without success The War with the Infidels put off for some time Troubles Galicia 1483. Slaughter of the Christians Two Moorish Kings at Granada destroy one another Defeat of the Moores Moorish King taken Moorish King set at Liberty Rebellion in Navarre 1484. Pope Sixtus dies Innocent the 8th succeeds Alcara taken from the Moores Boabdil the Moorish King flies to Cordova Ronda taken Christians defeated Rebellion in Naples Tumults in Aragon and Catalonia 1482. Azamor in Africk submits to the Portugueses Divisions among the Infidels Loxa and other Places taken 1487. King Ferdinand takes Malaga and other Places Discoveries of the Portugueses Troubles in Aragon stop the progress of the War of Granada 1488. Several Places taken from the Moores The Moores recover the lost Towns Masterships of Military orders annexed to the Crown 1489. Three Cities and othe small Towns taken from the Moores 1490. The Moorish King submits Elizabeth Princess of Castile married to Alonso Prince of Portugal Death of Prince Alonso and King John his Father The Moorish King besieged by his own People The Plain of Granada wasted War with the Moors renewed 1491. Description of the City Granada K. Ferdinand builds a Town to lie in during the Siege of Granada A Phanatick Moor. Granada surrendered to K. Ferdinand Character of K. Ferdinand and Q. Elizabeth 1492. Affairs of Britany in France Jews banished Spain Pope Innocent VIII dies Alexander VI. succeeds Navarre pacified Discoveries and Conquests in the West-Indies Controversies betwixt Castile and Portugal about their Discoveries Roussillion and Cerdagne restored to King Ferdinand Palma one of the Canary Islands conquered Mastership of the 3 Military Orders inseparably annexed to the Crown Original of the Neapolitan War 1494 Ferdinand King of Naples dies French Invade Naples Luis Sforcia Duke of Milan French King at Rome 1495. Alonso King of Naples abdicates League against the French French King returns home Venetians overthrown by the French Ferdinand King of Naples successful against the French John II. King of Portugal dies Agreement between the Duke of Milan and French King 1496. Progress of the Affairs in Italy Ferdinand of Spain called Catholick King by the Pope Emanuel King of Portugal settles the Government England enters into the league against France Ferdinand King of Naples dies The Emperor Besieges Leghorn in vain The Pope Invades the Lands of the Urfini Duke of Gandia Murdered Proposals concerning the Kingdom of Naples Progress of the Portuguses discoveries 〈…〉 Mozambique discovered Description of India Vasco de Gama at Calicut Vasco returns to Portugal Account of the Navigation of Vasco de Gama 2 Daughters of K. Ferdinand matched 1497. John Prince of Castile dies Prince of Salerno expelled Naples Accord betwixt France and Spain 1498. Charles VII King of France dies Luis XII succeeds him Hierome Savanarola a famous Preacher in Florence burnt King of Portugal sworn Heir of Castile Queen of Portugal being delivered of a Son dies 1499. Perplexity of King Ferdinand 1499. The Duke of Milan expelled his Dukedom University of Alcalá Founded Moors in the Mountains Rebell Ferdinand assists the Venetians Birth of the Emperor Charles the 5th The Fr. posses themselves of the Duke and Dukedom of Millan 1500. Great Year of Jubilee Peace betwixt Fr. and Spain Cefalonia taken from the Turks Double-dealing of K. Ferdinand Disagreement betwixt the French and Spaniards Descripti-of the Kingdom of Naples Frederick King of Naples puts himself into the hands of the French French perish by Pestilence and Stress of Weather The Arch duke comes into Spain The Great Captain's Actions at Naples Disagreement about the Division of Naples Conference of the French and Spanish Generals Archduke and Princess sworn Heirs of Aragon Archduke returns to Flanders War betwixt the French and Spaniards at Naples A notable combat of Eleven on each side Several losses of the French Marquess del Gasto comes over to the Spaniards 1503. Great booty taken by the Spaniards Combat betwixt 13 French and as many Italiuns Several losses of the French Marquess del Gasto comes over to the Spaniards Archduke concludes Peace betwixt Spain and France The peace takes no effect Succours from Spain land in Naples Lord of Aubigni defeated and taken The Battel of Cirinola Almost all Naples subdued by the Great Captain Reception of the Great Captain at Naples St. German taken Gaeta besieged Practices of the Spaniards The French in Roussillon Pius III. Elected Pope Progress of the Siege of Saulses Ninetten Sail of Infidels destroyed Siege of Saulses raised Julius II. Pope French Army marches through Italy Mutiny in the Spanish Army Defeat of the French Notable Valour of a Spaniord Defeat of the French again Gaeta surrendred to the Great Captain Prefect of Rome submits to Spain Nobility of Naples swear Fidelity to Spain Several Cities of Italy Sue for Protection of Spain Truce for 3 Years betwixt France and
destruction in Flanders The Marquess de Caraçena Governour of Flanders D. John of Austria being gone to Spain and the Prince of Conde prepared to take the Field with a powerful Army of Horse and Foot and the mean while took care to keep in the French Garrisons from making Incursions towards Gaunt Bruges and Brussels Most of the Horse were in Quarters towards Germany to meet the Archduke Sigismund the new Governour of the low Countries who brought with him 12000 Foot The Marquess de Caraçena had taken the Field with 6000 Foot and 7000 Horse the Prince of Conde had 4000 Foot and 5000 Horse In France we had at that time the Towns of Rocroy Hedin Linchen and Chastelet whose Garrisons ranging abroad gathered Contributions of all the Country about In this Posture were our Affairs when the Enemy began to advance with above 20000 Men. All Europe was in Suspence expecting the Event of so many Treaties and Overtures of Peace as had been made and were still delayed and broke off on account of private Interest when at length about the middle of May by Consent of both Kings of France and Spain a Cessation of Arms was agreed upon for Two Months and Expresses sent to all Parts to forbid any Hostilities during that time This news was received with general Joy an Satisfaction which was increased upon the Prolonging the said Truce and assured Hope of an ensuing Peace Irun a small Town in the Province of Guipuzcoa adjoining to France was the Place appointed for to Treat King Philip made choice of D. Luis Mendez de Haro a Grandee of Spain and his Majesties prime Minister and Favourite for his Plenipotentiary and the King of France deputed the Cardinal Mazarine his first Minister to bear the same Character on his Part. D. Luis de Haro set forward from Madrid about the beginning of July with a Princely Retinue Before him went 40 led Horses then followed 12 Coaches next above 40 Sumpture Mules all their Cloaths Embroidered with Gold and Silver He was attended by a great Number of Gentlemen of the Bedchamber all Knights of the 3 Military Orders 24 Pages as many Valets and Footmen All the way D. Luis went he left Marks of his Grandeur At Burgos he gave 1000 Ducats to make a Silver Lamp to hang before the famous Crucifix of that City he gave Liberty to the Prisoners relieved many Widows and Orphans At Vitoria he was nobly Entertained by the Gentry and above 60 of them with their Servants in rich Liveries followed him At S. Sebastian he staid for the Cardinal who was not yet come On the 25th of July the Cardinal came to Bayonne and on the 28th to S. Jean de Luz the last Town of France whence he sent a Gentleman to agree with D. Luis de Haro about the Ceremony of their Meeting and Conferences Besides the many Persons of Quality that accompanied the Plenipotentiaries each King had sent Two able Civilians to determine all Matters that should be disputable in point of Law Sir Henry Bennet Ambassador Extraordinary from his Majesty of Great Britain was admitted to the Conference as was also Monsieur de Leni a Gentleman sent by the Prince of Condè The King of Great Britain come through France Incognito and to prevent Suspition entred Spain by the way of Aragon whence he came through Navarre to the Conference and was there attended with all the Respect due to his Person being Served by the King of Spain's immediate Servants and Officers The Plenipotentiaries sent Presents to one another and D. Luis understanding that the Cardinal was desirous to see Spanish Plays caused a Company of Actors to come from Madrid to satisfie his Curiosity Some days were spent in adjusting the Place and manner of their meeting At last it was agreed that a House should be Built in a small Island that lies in the middle of the River Vidasoa which parts Spain and France one half of it was Built by the French and the other half by the Spaniards On the 13 of August the Plenipotentiaries met in this House where after Embracing and other Acts of Civility they sat down and the Conference lasted from Noon till half an Hour past Four when they parted appointing the next Meeting on the 16th On the 2d of September when the 8th Conference was held came thither the Duke d' Agremont Ambassador Extraordinary from the most Christian King to his Catholick Majesty He came to Madrid on the 16th of October The end of his Embassy was to ask the Princess Mary Teresa in Marriage for the King his Master His Reception and Entertainment were greater and more magnificent than any had ever been before His stay was short for having obtained what he came to ask he returned home richly presented and satisfied with the Success of his Negociation The Treaty of the Peace went on slowly but at last it was concluded on the 7th of November and an Express carried the News of it to Madrid The Marriage of the Most Christian King with the Princess was the Bond to make this Agreement Firm and Lasting In this Treaty King Philip had special Regard to the Restoring of the Prince of Conde in regard to the great Fidelity wherewith he Served Spain for many Years Hereupon the Prince returned to Court was graciously Received by the King and again admitted to his Favour By this Treaty also the Duke of Lorrain was set at Liberty and went over to France On the 15th of November between 5 and 6 in the afternoon at Velilla de Ebro in the Church of S. Nicholas seated on a Mountain that Encompasses the Town a Bell was seen to Ring of it self without the help of any Body This Bell was called Mary Nicholas and was cast in the Year 1655. The manner of its Ringing was that the Clapper moved and gave 3 or 4 or 6 even to 10 Stroaks sometimes more sometimes less on the East-side and one or two on the West-side this by Intervals or Intermission of about half a Minute The strokes were Vigorous as if guided by a strong Arm and lasted the space of Two hours many of the Townsmen being Eyewitnesses to it In that Steeple there are 3 Bells which hang along one side of the Wall in Three Arched Windows That which is towards Zaragoça is the ancient Bell so much spoken of by our Historians Next to it in the middle hangs another called S. Agatha which has been also heard to Ring of it self and next to it is the last I now speak of Strange and Remarkable accidents have happened after this sort of Ringing which sometimes have proved unfortunate and other times prosperous This Year the Knights of Malta took 7 Ships of Argiers and Tunez of a very great Value A most notable Victory was obtained by the Poles and Brandenburghers over Charles Adolphus the Palatine of Deuxponts who had lain long at the Siege of Copenhaguen the Metropolis of the
Kingdom of Denmark He had 3000 Men killed besides a great number of Officers The Poles took 1750 Prisoners 102. Pieces of Cannon 112 Colours a great quantity of Ammunition and all the Baggage Of the Victorious Army many were killed and wounded as may be supposed in so great an Action Anno 1660. King Philip designing to forward the Marriage of the Princess in order to the Perpetuating the Peace Concluded betwixt the Two Crowns declared his Resolution to go in Person to the Province of Guipuzeoa to be present there at the Solemnization of his Daughters Nuptials and at the same time to visit his only Sister the Queen Mother of France who that she might obtain a sight of him had earnestly sollicited that the Two Kings might meet His Journey wat fixt for the 15th of Aprill and a vast Number of Mules and Carts was sent from both Castiles Andaluzia Aragon and Valencia for the carrying of all the Baggage of the Court whereof this was some small part Twelve Trunks lined and covered with Crimson Velvet the Hinges Bars Locks and Keys of Silver in which were 23 whole Suits for the Princess all extraordinary rich Twenty other Trunks covered with Russia Leather all the Iron work guilt filled with a mighty quantity of all sorts of fine Linnen Six other Truncks covered with Amber-leather lined within with Crimson Sattin with Hinges Locks and Bars of Gold Enameld Two of them full of Amber Gloves whisker Cases Purses and other curiosities were for the Duke of Anjou The other Four carried great Riches for the Princess to bestow among the French Ladies Fifty Sumptures carried the Princesses dressing Plate and the rest for her ordinary use besides an infinite quantity of Perfumes to present Other 25 Sumptures contained most exquisite rich Hangings and Tapistry For her Entrance into Paris there were 18 Sumpture Cloths most costly Embroidered with Gold and Silver and many Liveries for the Men that were to lead the Sumptures For the Princesses use in Paris there was carried a Sedan adorned with Silver wrought in the manner of a Flanders Lace For to give Charity and other Gifts she had 50000 Pistoles the King had laid aside for his own use a greater Sum. The 14th of April being come their Majesties after Visiting the Church of our Lady of Atocha and that the King had made his will as is usual before the Monarchs of Spain undertake any Journey gave leave for the Ladies of the Court to come and take their Conge of the Princess As they came in his Majesty Received them with his Hat in his Hand the Queen and Princess Embraced them and so they went out at another Door making way for those that came after them Thursday the 15th of April the King and Princess set out with such a numerous Train of Coaches Horse litters and Horses that they extended 6 Leagues before them Before the King went 8 of the Town Trumpets cloathed in Red and Yellow their Trumpet-cloaths richly Embroidered with the Arms of France and Spain Next followed Four State Coaches and as many Horse-litters then Two Coaches with the Gentlemen of the Bedchamber then several other Litters and the State Horses Then a great number of the Nobility and Gentry and after them the Grandees each of whom had several Coaches and Gentlemen attending them and a great number of Servants in rich Liveries of which every one had 3 Suits one for this Day another to Travel and a Third for the Wedding Day Above all the Duke of Medina de las Torres had 140 Servants with each 3 Suits of Liveries for the 3 Days besides that brought him from Naples which Cost 40000 Ducats After these were his Majesties Pages and other Servants a Horseback carrying rich Portmanteaus of Crimson Velvet laced with Gold After them was the King's Coach in which was he and the Princess followed by the Ladies then the Sumpture Mules and next after them 72 long Waggons His Majesty had in his Journey 18 Horse-litters 70 Coaches of his and the Nobilities 2100 Sumpture Mules 70 State Horses 12 Pads 500 other Mules for Carriage 900 saddle Mules 32 long Waggons Officers were sent before to repair the Ways and others to make the necessary Provision at all Places where his Majesty was to Bait. He took his Way through Alcala de Henares Guadalaxara Hita Xadraque Atiença Berlanga S. Estevan de Gormaz Aranda and Lerma where he made some stay to see the Fire-works and Bull-feast prepared for his Entertainment by the Duke of that Name Next day he came to Burgos and staid there till the 30th that City spending 20000 Ducats to Entertain him Thither also came Two Gentlemen sent by the King of France to Complement his Majesty and Acquaint him with the death of John Baptist Gaston Duke of Orleans commonly called in France the Great Uncle because he was so to the most Christian King to the Princess he was going to Marry to the King of England the Duke of Savoy the Dutchesses of Bavaria and Parma and the Princess Dowager of Orange Upon this News his Majesty Commanded the publick Rejoicing to cease the Court to go into Black On Friday the 30th of April he set forwards from Burgos and on the 3d of May came to Vitoria the chief City of the Province Alova Here he was Royally again Treated and the City Presented him with 10000 Ducats in Gold Here another Gentleman met him from the Queen Mother of France desiring him to hasten his Journey for the great desire she had to see him and the Princess To be short he passed through Salinas Villareal Villafranca Tolosa and on the 11th of May came to S. Sebastian On the 14th he went to Los Passages Two little Towns upon a Creek that runs into the Bay of Biscay where in a rich Barge he took a view of all the Men of War that lay in that Place Upon the 2d of June the Princess Solemnly Renounced all Right and Title to the Crown of Castile upon Oath for her self and her Heirs D. Ferdinand Ruiz de Contreras Secretary of State read aloud the Form of Renunciation and the Oath to the new Queen of France which done the Bishop of Pamplona took the Holy Gospel and Presenting it to the new Queen she took her Oath to perform all that had been read by the Secretary Next day their Majesties having heard Mass in the Church which was Adorned in all costly manner the Bishop of Pamplona who had Officiated turned to the Princess and asked of her if she would have to her Husband Luis of Bourbon the most Christian King of France then the Princess kneeling before her Father asked his Consent which granted she stood up and the Bishop repeated the same Words but she answered not till he asked the Question the 3d time and then gave her Consent Then laying her right Hand upon one side of a great Gold Bason D. Luis de Haro laid his Hand on the opposite Part