Selected quad for the lemma: kingdom_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
kingdom_n	charles_n	king_n	lewis_n	2,106	5	10.5351	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51275	Geography rectified, or, A description of the world in all its kingdoms, provinces, countries, islands, cities, towns, seas, rivers, bayes, capes, ports : their ancient and present names, inhabitants, situations, histories, customs, governments, &c. : as also their commodities, coins, weights, and measures, compared with those at London : illustrated with seventy six maps : the whole work performed according to the more accurate observations and discoveries of modern authors / by Robert Morden.	Morden, Robert, d. 1703.	1688 (1688)	Wing M2620; ESTC R39765	437,692	610

and Tartars and assaulted Barchan a Palanka opposite to Gran. Since the Battel between Syclos and Mohatz 1687 the chief Places belonging to the Turks in Hungary are Agria Hatwan Gyulla Great VVaradin and Temeswar in the Vpper Hungary Canissa and Alb● Regalis in the Lower Hungary Of Germany A New Map of GERMANY By Robt. Morden THE Name of Germans is much controverted amongst Authors some think them so called by the Romans who seeing the people so like unto the Gauls called them Germans to the Gauls Others derive it from Ger signifying all and man whence also came the Name of Almaine which some fabulously derive from Alman whom they would have to be the 11th King of the Dutch or Germans Others from the River Atmul by later Writers called Almannus whereunto they should border Others more probably from the Dutch Allensen Mann Signifying all sorts of men or all hardy and valiant The many opinions also and great differences we have found amongst Authors in the Interpretations of the many ancient German Nations makes me at present not to mention them 'T is generally agreed that the Gomerians or Cimbri were the first Inhabitants of Gaul Germany and all the Nations of the North and West of Europe and that the Gauls their Off-spring under their Captain Segovesus victoriously ranged over all Germany from whom have sprung the ancient Inhabitants of this Country Divided they were into several Nations and these also subdivided into lesser Tribes The first Nation of the Germans who made the Romans as well feel their Swords as know their Names were the Cimbri Tentones and Ambrones upon their Invasion of Gaul and Italy who were overcome and Destroyed by Marius After this Caesar upon his Conquest of France having passed the Rhine and provoked the Germans stirred up a tedious War all other Adventures were easie to the daring Romans Nothing could give Check to Caesars Fortune only the Germans who at last were rather Triumphed over than Subdued by their greatest Armies How little was their Progress How inconsiderable were their Acquests after so long a War which continued for more Generations than others lasted Years And indeed some part of Germany viz. that beyond the Elbe and Danube was never so much as Attacqued Endangered once by Drusius in the Reign of Caesar Augustus but freed by the Victory of Arminius and the death of Varus and his Legions neglected afterwards as a people unconquerable or not worth the conquering Towards the wain of the Roman Empire the Names of the ancient Inhabitants by little and little worn out and quite extinguished through their Fights and Butcheries amongst themselves their Transmigrations into foreign Countries their affection and union into new Names and the Fleetings and Invasions of the Sarmatians and more Eastern people Germany became confounded and peopled with thirteen for the most part differing Names of the Saxons Almans French Thuringiens Boioarians Huns Lombards Avares Hungarians Danes Norwegians Suethide or Sclaves whose Original fortunes Kingdoms and States issuing from them I must refer for a larger Treatise of Geography if God permit But the fatal period of the Roman Empire drawing on apace the Franks Burgundians Almains and other German Nations break through their Guards dispossess the Romans of all Gaul Rhetia and Noricum till in the end the French prevailing over the rest extend their Empire over all the Modern Germany chiefly by the Valour of Charles the Great created Emperor of the West part of France and Germany Afterwards in the time of Lodovicus Pius the Son of Charles the Great Empire of his Father was parcelled out into many parts viz. Italy France Burgundy Lorrain and Germany amongst his Sons and Nephews with the Title of Kings by which means the Kingdoms of Lorrain and Germany United in the Person of Lewis the Ancient were aliened from the French and possessed by the great Princes of Lorrain Saxony Suabia and Bavaria As also by them dismembred into many Principalities and Inferior States all passing under the Name of Alman or Germans Germany is now bounded on the East with Poland and Hungary on the West with France Switzerland and the Seventeen Provinces on the North with the Baltick Sea and Denmark and on the South with the Alps which part it from Italy The length whereof from East to West viz. from the Borders of Lorrain to Poland is 766 miles the breadth from North to South viz. from the Baltick Sea to the Southermost part of Tyrol is 657 miles of the same Measure viz. 73 to a degree 'T is situate in the Northern Temperate Zone the longest day in the Southern parts being 15 hours and an half in the most Northern 17 hours and a Quarter 'T is a spacious Country and very Populous the People of strong Constitution of a good Proportion and Complexion very ingenious and stout much given to Drink but of an Honest Noble Nature The poorer sort great pains-takers and the Nobles either stout Souldiers or good Scholars The Women are of good Complexion but corpulent good Bearers and fruitful Breeders The Title of the Father descends to their Children so that every Son of a Duke is a Duke and every Daughter of a Dutchess is a Dutchess whence it follows that the Nobility being too much multiplied is no less impoverished The Language here generally spoken is the High-Dutch a Language very Ancient and hath less commixture with the Latin than any which is used in these Western parts No Country in the World is either better Planted with goodly Cities or more Pleasant and Healthful A Country abounding with Mines of Silver and other Metals plentiful in Corn Wines Salt Flesh Linnen Quick-silver Allom Saffron Armour and Iron-works The Germans are excellent Mechanicks eminent for Water-works Chymistry and Printing Memorable is the story of Regiomontanus's Wooden Eagle that flew a quarter of a mile to meet the Emperor Maximilian but especially famous is this Region for the two Grand Inventions of the latter Ages viz. That fatal Instrument the Gun first found out by Bertholdus Swart a Frier The Mystery of Printing first discovered by a Soldier The Religion of this Country is divided into Papists and Protestants the latter again divided into Lutherans and Calvinists About the year 1250 the Empire being greatly distracted into many Factions each Faction chose a King of the Romans or Emperor The Empire thus fluctuating for about twenty years The Princes met at Quidlinburg and made a League of Defence together and meeting at Francfort they chose Radolphus Earl of Hapsburg in the year 1270 who gaining Austria and other Territories adjacent was the first Arch-Duke of Austria about 1280. About the year 1500 the State of Burgundy which comprehended also the Low-Countries was by Marriage with the Heiress thereof added to the House of Austria About the same time under Maximilian the First the publick Courts of Judicature called the Imperial Chamber the Supream Tribunal and Appeal of Justice was fixed at Spire and

Dutchy was seized on by the French. Adjacent to and in the Government of Bourgondy is Brest the chief Town thereof is Bourg or Briss a place well built and so strongly Fortified that it is esteemed impregnable This Country was by the Duke of Savoy delivered to Henry the IV. of France in lieu of the Marquisate of Saluces 1600. In the Province of Guien wherein are the Provinces of Gascoign Guien and Bern are many Cities the chief whereof are Bourdeaux Burdegala Strab. Ptol. Cit. Burdegalensium Ant. seated upon the Banks of the River Geronne famous for being the Birth-place of King Richard the II. of England At present Honoured with an University and Parliament and is a place of good Trade Near to this City is the small Village called Greve which yields those Excellent Wines called Graves Wine About the year 1259. Lewis of France gave unto Henry the Third of England the Dutchy of Guien conditionally that he should renounce all Title to his other Inheritances It continued English till 1452. In the particular Guien is the Province Saintonge whose chief place is Saintes Mediolanum of old Strab. Mediolanium Ptol. Cit. Santorum Ant. 2. The Province of Perigort whose chief place is Perigueux Vessuna of Ptol. Cit. Petrogoriorum Ant. Environed with Viney-Downs divided into two Towns. 3. The Province of Limosin whose chief place is Limoges Ratiastum Ptol. Lemovicum al. Lemavicum Am the Prison of Beggers 4. The Province of Querci whose chief place is Cahors Dueona Ptol. Cit. Cadorcorum Ant. a Rich and Fair City 5. The Province of Rovergue whose chief place is Rodez Segodunun Ptol. Cit. Rotenorum Ant. In the Province of Gascoign are several Countries whose chief Cities or Towns are Bazas Cossium of Ptol. Cit. Vasatum Ant. Dax or D'Acqs Aquae Augustae of Ptol. Cit. Aque●sium Ant. Auch Augusta of Ptol. Cit. Ausciorum Ant. an Archbishops See. Agen Aginium Ptol. Agennensium Ant. Condom Condomum a Bishoprick Bajonne Baiona Merc. near Spain In the middle of the small River Vidosa between France and Spain is the Island Faisans not mention'd by any Geographer I know of where Cardinal Mazarine and Don Lewis of Harro began the Pyrenean Treaty the 13 Aug. 1659. and whence in the year 1660. hapned the Interview between the two Kings and the Reception of the Iafanta when the Island was divided in the middle and a House built so that at the Table where the two Kings sate to eat the King of France sate in France and the King of Spain in Spain In the Government of Lionoise are the several Provinces of Lionoise Avergne Bourbon and March. In Lionoise the chief City is Lyons by the Ancients Lugdunum seated upon the conjunction of the Rosne with the Soane esteemed the second City of France a Famous Mart-Town Ancient and the See of an Arch-Bishop who is Primate of all France In Avergne is Cleremont Claro Montium upon its high Mountain In B●urbon Moulins the Centre of France Molinum of old much resorted unto from all parts of France for its Hot Medicinal Baths Gergobia al. Gergobina Caesar teste Parad. Belfor In March Gueret and Bellac are the most considerable In the Government of Languedoc are 1. Tholouse Talosa Caes Strab. Ptolomy Seated on the Garonne the Seat of an Arch-Bishop and an University near whose large Fields called by old Writers Campi Catalaunici which I rather think to be the Fields near Chalons memorable for the overthrow of Attila King of the Huns whose Army consisted of 500000 of which 180000 that day lost their lives by Aetius the Roman Lieutenant who was rewarded by Valentinian Emperor of the West with the loss of his Head. 2. Narbon Narbo of Caes Plin. Narbona Suet. A. Mar. in the Roman Infancy the most Populous and greatest Town in France and the first Roman Colony Carthage Excepted To which Archelaus Son to Herod King of the Jews was banished by Augustus 3. Montpillier Montpessulanus seated on a high Mountain twelve miles from the Sea an University for the Study of Physick the Country about affording variety of Medicinal Herbs memorable for the Resistance it made against Lewis the XIII in the last Civil War about Religion Nismes Nemausus Strab. Mel. Nemausium Plin. Ptol. Nemausensium Ant. In the year 1270. Languedoc returned to the Crown in the days of Philip the Third In the Government of Dolphin which is the Title of the first Son of France is Vienna Situate on the Rosne an A. B.'s See and the chief of this Province 2. Valence a Bishops See and University for the Civil Law a Rich Strong and well Traded Town the Title of Caesar Borgia when he cast off his Cardinals Hat. 3. Grenoble Cit. Gratianopolita Ant. Accusionorum Col. Ptol. Grationopolis Sido P. Diac. a Parliament-Seat Briancon Bigantio Ant. Gap Cit. Apencensium Ant. c. Of the Seven Wonders of Dauphine see Allard Sylva in Latin Verse which are 1. The Burning Fountain 2. The Tower Sane Venin 3. The inaccessible Mountain 4. The Wine-Fats of Sassinage 5. The Vinous Fountain 6. The Manna of Briancon 7. And the Fountain of Barberon Provence took its name from the Romans who being called in by the Marsillians possessed themselves of this Country until Stilico called in the Burgundians of which Kingdom it was a member until the time of the Ostrogoths Anno 504. In the year 1480. Rhene Grandchild to Lewis Duke of Anjou Brother to Charles the First gave it to the Lewis the Eleventh King of France Chief Towns are 1. Marseilles Massillia commodiously seated on the Mediterranean Sea enjoying an Excellent Haven and Road for Ships a place of great Trade and well frequented with Merchants and a Colony of the Phocians 2. Aix Aqua Sextiae a Parliament Seat near this Town the Cimbri consisting of 300000 fighting men as they passed by Marius asked his Soldiers what Service they would command them to Rome but in their march through the Alpes having divided themselves Marius put them all to the Sword who had slain Q. Servilius Caepio and his whole Army after his surprisal and pillaging of the Aurum Tolosanum 3. Arles Arelate Plin. Arelatum Col. Ptol. 4. Toulon Tauroentium Ptol. Taurentium Strab. the best Sea-port Town in all France On the North-West of Provence lies the Principality of Orange whose chief place is Orange Arausia Plin. Arusio Strab. Col. Arausiorum Ptol. C. Arausinorum Ant. Famous for many Rare and Wonderful Antiquities belonging of Ancient Right to his Illustrious Highness the Prince of Orange but of late years seized upon by the French King. South of which lies the County of Venasin so called from Avenio now Avignon the chief City of it Famous for being the Ancient Seat of the Popes for about 70 years said to have 7 Parish-Churches 7 Monasteries 7 Nunneries 7 Palaces 7 Inns and 7 Gates to its Walls To these Governments might be added Lorrain the French Comte Alsace most part of the Spanish Provinces

make a Corporation or Body as well as the other Orders Swedeland contains that part of Scandinavia which is the best as lying toward the East The cold Weather is there very long and sometimes very bitter however the Inhabitants do not so much make Use of Furs as they do in Germany they only wear Night-Caps Woollen-Gloves Just-a-corps and make great Fires of Wood with which they are well stored There are so few Sick People among them that Physicians and Apothecaries have little or no Practice The Inhabitants are equally Rich and their greatest Revenue consists in Copper whence the most part of the Europeans fetch it to make their small Money their Cannon and their Bells The City of Stockholm alone has in the Castle above 800 Pieces of Great Artillery and it is believed that in all the Kingdom there are above 80000. Upon review of the Militia made 1661 fourscore thousand Men were Mustered in Arms. This Country being so full of Mountains and Woods afford very little Corn so that in times of Scarcity the Poor are forced to eat very bad Bread. The Commodities of the Country besides Copper are Butter Tallow Hides Skins Pitch Rosin Timber and Boards The Cities are very subject to Fire in regard the Houses are all built of Wood. The Lakes and Gulfs are more considerable than the Rivers Nor is there any Trade but upon the Coasts where there is no venturing without a Pilot because of the great number of Rocks The Ice there is so thick that Waggons go safely upon it In other places the Snow affords them the Conveniency of Travelling in Sledges The Horses are fit for War for besides that they are easily kept and rarely sick they are well used to the Road they carry their Rider swimming they readily take wide Ditches they are Couragious and Nimble and will Assail the Enemy of their Rider with their Heels and Teeth both together Under the Name of Sweden are comprehended the Countries of Gothia Suecia Lapponia Finlandia Ingria and Livonia wherein is contained 35 Provinces besides the Acquisitions ●foresaid wherein Bertius reckoneth 1400 Parishes The two first toward the West and the three last toward the East the Gulf of Finland between them both Gothland whether so called from the G●s or falsely affecting that more Glorious Name cannot well be known is divided into Ostre-Gothland and Westro-Gothland And those that Conquered Spain were called Visgoths Calmar is a strong City and the place where the Swedes usually set Sail for Germany The Cittadel is as highly esteemed in the Northern parts as that of Millain in the South Norkoping is full of Copper-Forges for which reason most of the Europeans fetch Cannons from thence Link●ping a Bishops See where Olaus Magnus was Born is Remarkable for the Victory of Charles of Sudermania afterwards King of Sweden There are several other Cities whose Names terminate in Koping that is the Market-place ●mburg where King Charles the Ninth died is a new Town with a Port upon the Ocean Lodusia Sans Daleburg is a fair Town well f●rt●ed with a s rong Castle Swedeland communicates its Name to other Provinces of this Kingdom of which Stockholm or ●i● is the Capital City accommodated with a Royal Castle and a Sea-Port at the Mouth of the Lake M ler which they formerly had a Design to have cut into the Wener-Lake to have joyned the Baltick and the Ocean together so to spoil the Passage of the Sound This Wener Lake is said to receive 24 Rivers and disburden its self at one mouth with such noise and fury that it is called the Devils-mouth This City is far better ●urni●h'd than it was before the War with Germany In the Year 1641 they began to streighten the Streets and build their Houses Uniform The Harbour is very Secure so that a Ship may Ride there without an Anchor It has three Channels which carry the Vessels between certain Islands and Rocks The Kings Ships lie at Elsenape Vpsal Defended by a great Castle where is the Metropolitan Church where the Kings are usually Crowned and where formerly they kept their Courts The City is adorned with an University and the most ●ble Mar●s in all thos● Quarters The Cathedral has been a St●●ilding as they say lin'd or as it w●re W●d within w●old and cov●d with Copper Car●l●ta● upon the Wener is not●●or its abundance of ●rass Strongues is a Bishops S● Ar sia now W ●erus was rich in Silver Mines L●ni contain no Citi s It has only certai● Habitations divided into five Countries that bear the Names of their Rivers The Laponers are very small the tall●st ●t being above four foot hig● nevertheless formerly six hundr d of them put to the Rout above an hundred thousand M●s●ites that came to In●d● them They wear no other Habit but Ski● and when they are Young they so inure themselves to the Cold that afterwards ●ey easily endure it without any Clothes They have neither Woollen nor Linnen only they have pieces of Copper which they call Chippans which they exchange for Necessaries They have neither Bread nor Corn nor Fruit nor Herbs nor Wine nor Cattel nor Butter nor Eggs nor Milk nor other Supports of life But they have no want of Water And they have a kind of Wild Deer which are very swift the Flesh whereof they live upon There is a second part of Laponia in Denmark and a third in Muscovy The Mount Enaraki has three Apartments of Lodging for the Deputies of the three Nations Finnonia seu Finnia Finland is a Dutchy which some Kings of Swedeland were wont to Assign for their Brothers Portion The Chief Cities whereof are A●o a Bishoprick and Viburgh or Viborch a chargeable Fortress There is one particular place in this Province near Razeburg where Needles being touched turn continually Biorneburg Cajenbourg with other places you will find in the Map and Kexholm taken by Pontus de l● Garde Ingria vulgo Ingermanland by the Russians Isera was taken from the Muscovites by a Treaty in the Year 1617. It is but small but considerable for the Chace of Elkes and for the Situation of the strong Fort of Noteburgh in the midst of a great River at the Mouth of the Lake ●adoga Carald ●d by the Russes This Garison was taken by the Swedes all the Soldiers within being destroyed by a Distemper that took them in the Mouth and hindred them from eating The Mountains that part Norway and Sweden are by Ortelius called the Doss● Montes Sevo Montes of Plin. accounted 300 miles in length and now in various places have divers Names not much material here to mention The Commod●es of this Country are Copper Lead Brass and Iron Ox-Hides Goats and Buckskins Tallow Furs Honey Allom and Corn. The Inhabitants naturally strong active and stout Soldiers industrious laborious ingenious and courteous to Strangers The Women discreet and modest The Christian Faith was first planted here by Ausgarius Archbishop of Bremen the general Apostle of the

runneth a long Course of about 400 miles through Carinthia and Hungary falleth into the Danube at Drazat over against Erdoed or Erdewdy the old Teutoburgium of Ant. and Ptol. D. Brown tells us that it is a good stream as high as Villach where there is a Bridg over it and at Clagenfart he passed over it upon two long Wooden Bridges and an Island in the middle between them 5. The Savus Ptol. Saus Strab. in MS. Sheldeni 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sabus Solin La Sava Ital. Saw Germ. Le Save Gal. is a noble River arising in the Mountains between Carinthia and Carniola and swelling by the accession of many Rivers after a Course of above 350 miles entereth the Danube at Belgrade At Crainburg not far distant from the Head it was a considerable stream which afterwards so enlarged as to make remarkable Islands one at Sissex by Zagrabia the other Metubarris at the West of old Sarmium 6. Upon the North of Hungary are the Rivers arising from the Capathian Mountains which divide Poland from Hungary viz. the Gran and Ipola which uniting together runneth into the Danube over against Strigonium or Gran. 6. The Neytra which passing by Newhausel entereth the Danube over against Komara 8. The Wagg or Vagus which Stuckius saith equals the Po in Italy at Fristat 50 miles from its entrance into the Danube it is a very large River and hath a long Bridg over it And at Trenschin it hath a considerable Bridg over it 9. Besides these there are others esteemed Fluvii non ignobiles viz. the Leytha which entereth the Danube at Altemburg or Owar and the Bounds of Austria 10. The Sarvitza or Orpanus arising near Vesprinium and passing Alba Regalis runneth into the Danube at Jeni or Nova Palanka over against Bathmonster 11. Curassus or Crasso fatal to Lewis the second King of Hungary 12. Walpo or Vulpanus over which there is a Bridg at Walcovar 13. The River Bosnath Boswetha or Bacunthus which falleth into the Savus not far from the old Surmium As this Country excelleth in Rivers so it hath many considerable and long Bridges not to mention the Bridg of Boats over the Danube between Gran and Barchan nor of that Bridg of Boats between Buda and Pest where the Danube is half a mile over which is so contrived as to open a passage for Boats and Vessels of Burthen to pass nor shall I name those already mentioned There is a handsome and well contrived Bridg at Calotza But that over the Danube at Esseck is scarce to be parallel'd by any other Built partly over the Dravus and partly over the Fens which are often overflowed and is five miles in length Having Towers built upon it at the distance of every quarter of a mile supported by great Trees erected under it nine or ten in a rank unto each Arch and handsomely Railed on each side It cost the Turks 300000 Dollars and six years time to build it That part of the Bridg which was over the Dravus was burnt down by Count Serini in the late Turkish Wars between Leopold the Emperor and Sultan Mahomet 4th and is now supplied by a Bridg of Boats somewhat below the former As Hungary aboundeth in Rivers so 't is not without its notable Lakes viz. the Lake Balaton or Platzee the Volcaea of old extending a great length between Vesprinium and the Dravus with some strong Forts upon it which put a stop unto the cruelty of Solyman's Soldiers when they destroyed all from Buda unto this Lake There is also the Newsidlar Sea by the Hungarians Terteu by Plin. Peiso A pleasant Lake seven German miles long and three broad in the Commotions of Botscay 14 Villages about this Lake were burnt by the Turks Tartars and Rebellious Heyducks The Rivers and Lakes of Hungary are abundant in Fishes The Tibissus or Teisse is esteemed the most Fishy River in Europe if not in the World. 'T is commonly said that it consisteth of two parts of Water and one of Fish and the River Bodrack which runs into the Tibiscus as aforesaid not far from Tokay is so full of Fish that in Summer-time when the River is low the people say the Water smells of Fish tho the River is thirty fathom broad and eight and a half deep This exceeding fertility some ascribe unto the Saline Tinctures both of its own stream and others accessionary unto it which lick the many Salt Mines under ground and so may carry some principles of faecundity with them The Danube aboundeth with many good Fishes as Trouts Perches large and delicious Carps a Fish called Scheyden much exceeding a Pike At some seasons great store of Hausans some 20 foot long esteemed a good Dish and somewhat like Sturgeon with many other sorts And as the Rivers are full of Fish so in the Winter they are covered with many sorts of Fowls The most considerable Cities of Hungary are Buda Hung. Aquincum or Acincum Ptol. Ant. teste Clev. Sicambria Curta aliis By the Germans called Offen by the French Bude by the Spaniards Italians and English Buda so called as some tell us from Buda the Brother of Attilla Anno Dom. 401. Others suppose it so called from Budini a famous Scythian people who engaged with Attilla in his famous Expedition Yet others tell us it was called Bada from the so many Renowned Baths in it 'T is distant from Belgrade 49 German miles and from Vienna 54 teste Baud. First taken from the Heathen Successors of Attila by Charles the Great 791 taken from the Hungarians by Sultan Solyman Anno Dom. 1526. Recovered the year following by King Ferdinand Brother to the Emperor Charles the Fifth who was Elected King by the four Orders of the States of the Kingdom But in the year 1529 it was retaken by Solyman and committed to John Zapolia Prince of Transylvania Ann. 1541 K. Ferdinand sent his General Roggendorf with an Army of 40000 men and 40 Cannon But the Turks coming in to their Assistance with a numerous Army the Germans were forced to raise the Siege Whereupon the Sultan politickly seized upon the City sent the young Prince Sigismund with the Princess his Mother into Transylvania and kept the Town in his own hands and made it the Seat of a Biglerbeg or Vice-Roy whose authority extended over all the Bashaws of Hungary In the year 1542 it was besieged by Joachim Elector of Brandenburgh who was forced to draw off and quit the Siege 1598 or 9 Count Swartzenburgh besieged it but the attempt miscarried Anno 1602 General Rosworm also with the Imperial Army attacked it in vain Whosoever shall read of the Sieges of 1684 and 1686 will find the Story of the most famous Sieges in the World where Blood was spilt like water and many brave men found their Graves where the Assailants equalling if not surpassing Titus storming Jerusalem and Abdi Bashaw no less bravely obstinate in defending his Trust than Villerius upon the Walls of

into three Parts 1. Lega Della Casa Dio or Foedus Domus Dei. 2. Lega Grisa 3. Dicci Dritture or Foedus decem Jurisdictionum Sion Ital. Sitten Ger. Sedunum Caes Plin. is the chief Town of Valesiae or Wallislands reaching along the Course of the Rhosne A Bishop-See seated upon the Rhosne in a Plain under a steep biforked Mountain spiring up in manner of two high and precipitious Rocks upon the top of the one is the Cathedral Church and the Houses of the Canons upon the other which is much higher The strong Castle called Thurbile in Summer-time the pleasant Recess of the Bishops the Key of the Country Martinack is the Octodurus of Caes Civit. Valensium Ant. St. Mauriaz Agaunum now St. Moritz closed with a Castle and two Gates upon the Bridg and the Mountains which shut up the Country which is within most pleasant fruitful and happy in Corn and excellent Pasture where is also Salt Springs discovered An. 1544. near Sitten Also divers Fountains of hot Medicinal waters Without the Country is environed with a continual Wall of horrid and steep Mountains The surprise of it alarmed all Europe when seized upon by the Count Fuentes for the King of Spain Mellingen Bremgarten and Meienberg chief Places of Wagenthal lie upon the Russ River Biel appertaineth to the Bishops of Basil Newenburg to the House of Longeville in France both confederate with Bern. The chief Places of Targow are St. Gal seated amongst Mountains not far from the Rhine and the Lake Bodenzee or Constance The City is Rich and well Governed inhabited by an industrious People in making Stuffs and Linnen Clothes From the famous Monastry hereof are named the Abbots Princes of the Empire and of great Power and Reverence in this Country Frawenfeld is the chief belonging to the confederate Cantons Chief Places in the Italian Prefectures are Locern Lorcarnum seated in a pleasant and fruitful Plain betwixt high Mountains and the Head of the Lake Magione the Verbanus Lucas Strab. Plin. and Of the SEVENTEEN PROVINCES Or the LOW-COUNTRIES BY the Latins that Tract is called Belgium from the Belgi the most Potent People heretofore of all these parts which upon the Confusion of those Ancient Limits of Germany and France did contain 17 distinct Estates or Provinces It is also called Germania Inferior by the English the Low-Countries by the Dutch Netherlandt by the Italians Spaniards and French Flanders from whence the Inhabitants were generally called Flemmings 'T is a Country seated very low between the Banks of the Rhine and the Sea-shore from which 't is Defended by extraordinary Charge and Industry with Banks and Ramparts For Hubandry 't is the best cultivated for multitude of Towns and Villages the best Peopled for their neatness the most Remarkable and by reason of their several Manufactures the most Rich of any Country in Europe 'T is bounded on the North with the German or British Ocean which also separates it from Great Britain on the West and on the South and East it borders upon France and Germany The Ancient Inhabitants were partly Subdued by L. Drusius in the time of Augustus Caesar the other were before overcome by Julius Caesar After which subjection they remained under the Roman Empire until the Expiration of that Empire when they were involved in that Publick Calamity under the Victorious French who here succeeded the Romans the whole was contained under the Name and Kingdom of Austrasia or Oostinreich After that the French Monarchy became divided amongst the Posterity of the Emperor Lewis the Godly this part hereof broke into sundry new Principalities and Governments and became divided into 17 States or Provinces whereof some Entitled their Governours Dukes others Earls others Lords Their Names are these Four Dukedoms Brabant Limburg Luxemburg and Guelderland Seven Earldoms Holland Zeland Zutphen Flanders Artois Hainault and Namur One Marquisate of the Holy Empire comprehending Antwerp Five Signories or Lordships Malins Vtrecht Over-Yssel Friesland and Gr●ningen Two of these Flanders and part of Artoise appertained to the Soveraignty of the Kings of France quitted unto Philip the Second King of Spain by Henry the Second French King in the League of Cambray Brabant Flanders part of Artois Limberg with Malines and the Marquisate of the Sacred Empire became added to the Dominion and Family of Burgundy by Philip the Hardy Holland Zealand West-Freisland Hainalt Luxemburg and Namur by Philip the Good Gelderland Zutphen Vtreicht Over-yssel and Groningen by the Emperor Charles the Fifth Since this Union they were Governed in manner of Free Estates by their Princes and Magistrates making a distinct Nation and Commonwealth by themselves Duke Charles the Fighter Prince hereof had an intent to unite the parts then under his Government into one entire Kingdome by the name of Burgundy But the Provinces being Soveraign and had their several Laws Priviledges c. this project took no effect In the reign of Philip the Second King of Spain Heir of the House of Burgundy and in the year 1566. began those memorable Civil broils so long afflicting those rich and flourishing Countries continued with the spoil and ransacking of all their chief Towns and Cities with the unspeakable misery and calamity of a bloody War of 48 years a War which cost the King of Spain the Lives of 600000 men and 150 Millions of Crowns and England not fewer than 100000 men and above a Million of Money At last part of the Provinces were forced to continue under the Spanish Yoak and part recovered their Liberty so that now there are in the Low Countries two Estates or Dominions far differing one from another for the one is a Republick or rather several Republicks United and Confederated in one and therefore called the Vnited Provinces and commonly from the Principal Province Holland The other for the most part did belong to the King of Spain as Heir to the House of Burgundy and is called the Spanish Provinces or Flanders but of the late Years the French King hath Conquered most part thereof As the Country is divided so is also their Religion for the Spaniards strictly follow the Romish and the States-General indulg the free Use of all Religions but countenance only that of the Reformed Churches according to Calvin The Men for the most part are well proportioned unmindful of good Turns and Injuries of good Invention Frugal and of indefatigable Industry The Women generally of good Complexions Familiar Active Laborious and conversant in Affairs in the Shops and Houses Their Language for the most part is Dutch with little difference in the Dialect but in the Provinces adjoining to France they speak a corrupt and imperfect French from their Language called Walloons The Air is Temperate and more wholesome than formerly the Winter more long than cold and the Summer like the Spring in Southern Countries The Soil towards Germany is Woody and Hilly but towards the Sea full of Pasture and Meadow-ground which breed great

though others pretend Bacchus to be the Founder of it and that from hence Nimrod and his Followers departed into the Vale Shyna● which lies between the Rivers of Iaxartes now Chesel and Oxus a Country of different soil and indifferent fertile but much augmented by the Industry of the Inhabitants who are the most ingenious of the Western Tartars lovers of Art and well skill'd in Manufactures and Trade The City of Sarmarchand the Marcanda of Ptol. Paracanda Strab. was both the Cradle and Grave to Tamerlan the Great who adorned it with an Academy as is also Bochar Bactria of old Bactra before that Zoroastes and Zoroaspa probably from Zoroaster their first King slain by Ninus A Town of great Trade where lived Avicen one of the most famous Philosophers and Physicians of the East there are also Balch and Badaschian on the Frontiers of Chorozan Sogdiana was a province subject to the Persians Here Cyrus built the old Cyroscata or Cyropolis which held out a long time and was almost fatal to the great Macedonian Conqueror but by him destroyed in revenge of so great a danger Not far from which that Infamous Regicide Bessus after his perfidious dealing with his Prince was apprehended and brought bound to Alexander who abhorring his sight ordered he should be delivered to Oxates the brother of Darius to be disposed of as he should think fit Here also was Alexandria Oxiana and Alexandria Ultima Tarquestan lies east from Usbeck and is subdivided into several Kingdoms of which the best known are Cascar or Hiachan Chialis or Turphan Chiartiam Cotam Thebet or Tenduc and Camul That of Cascar is the richest and is well stored with Rhubarbe That of Ciarthtam is the least and sandy but hath many Jaspers and other Stones Those of Cotam and Chialis have Corn Wine Flax and Hemp. Thebet or Tanguth is stored with Musk and Cinamon whose Kings were formerly called Un-Chan or Prester John a Title now erroneously conferred on the Abassine or Ethiopian Emperor in Africa for Presbyter John was chief of the Kingdom of Tanchut or Tanguth which the Tartars call Barantola the Sarazins Boratai and the Natives Lassa which is by the consent of all knowing persons seated in Asia next to the confines of the great Mogul amongst the Mountains of Caucasus and Imaus It was in the year 1248 when King Lewis was in the Island of Cyprus at Nicosia that Ambassadors from one of the Tartarian Princes whose Name was Ercalthay informed the King that the Great Cham of Tartary had about three years before been baptized having been converted by the Empress his Mother and Daughter of a King of the Indians She having always been a Christan and that their Master Prince Ercalthay who had also for a long time been a Christian was sent by the Great Cham with a potent Army against the Calife of Baldac an Enemy of the Christians The Name of Presbyter John denoteth some Christian Prince whose Dominions are placed by the consent of most knowing Persons not among the Ethiopians nor in any part of Africa as most suppose but in the Continent of Asia but in what part formerly 't was is not exactly known Some Authors say they were Kings of Cathay which is doubtful because 't is now discouered by modern Relations and Travels into those parts that all Cathy is but the Northern part of China But it is more than probable that besides that portion of Land there is another large part of the World conterminate on the north and west unto the Empire of China which in former Ages had the Name of Cathay and is the same with that of Thebet by some called Begargar c. as aforesaid which clearly appeareth by a Voyage of two Fathers from China to the Mogor who tell us that at We●ala a Castle at the end of Barentola the Great Lama or Priest did then reside and gave an account of their Christian Religion And to me it seems further confirmed by a Journy made into the Western Tartary Anno 1683. By the Emperor of China we have this account of those People In all the Western Tartary there is nothing to be found but Mountains Rocks and Vallies there are neither Cities Towns or Villages nor Houses The Inhabitants lodge under Tents in the open Fields which they remove from one Valley to another according as they find pasture They pass their Life either in Hunting or doing nothing As they neither Plow nor Sow so they make no Harvest They live upon Milk Cheese and Flesh and have a sort of Wine not much unlike our Aqua-Vitae with which they are often drunk In short they care for nothing from morning to night but to drink and eat like the Beasts and D●oves which they feed They are not without their Priests which they call Lamas for whom they have a singular veneration in which they differ from the Oriental Tartars the most part of whom have no Religion nor do they believe any God. This part of Tartary lies without the prodigious Wall of China for more than 300 Miles of which Wall saith our Author I can say without Hyperbolizing that the Seven Wonders of the World put together are not comparable to this Work. And all that Fame has spread concerning it among the Europeans is far short of what I myself have 〈◊〉 He also tells us that divers of the Petty Kings of the Western Tartary came from all sides for 300 Miles and some for 500 Miles together with their Wives and Children to salute the Emperor That this Country is divided into 48 Provinces and now tributary to the Emperor of China 〈…〉 which all Authors con●ound with a nonsuch Cathay 〈◊〉 divided into several parts of which I am able to say nothing in the way of Chorography nor much in History only I find that the King of Niulhan or Niuche called Xunchi conquered China at twelve years of Age with the Faithful assistance of his two Uncles a young Conqueror not only famous for his Success but also for the Moderation which he used to his newly subdued People And 't is certain that these Tartars know of no Cities or Towns beyond the wall of China therefore Cathay can be no other than the Northern part of China and Cambalu is Pekin and Quinzey answers to Hancheu The Northen Tartarie which is called the true ancient Tartarie is the coldest most untilled most barbarous and most unknown of all Some amongst them have their Kings others live by Hords or Commonalities As for their Names 't is easie to give what names Men please in parts wholly unknown But in the year 1682 the Emperor of China made a Voyage into the Eastern Tartary In this Journy saith the Father Verbiest who was the publisher of it we always went towards the North East from Pekin in all 1100 miles to the Province of Leao-tum the way being about 300 miles the Capital City whereof is Xin-Yam in the Latitude of 41 Degrees 56 Minutes a

is Dignified with the Ordinary Residence of the King its Chief Ornaments are the Palace of the Louvre so much fam'd abroad The Palaces of the Nobility viz. That of Luxemburg its Palace Royal its Church of Nostredame its University containing five Colleges the Halls of Justice the Courts of Parliament The English held it for 16 years and there Crowned King Henry the Fifth King of France In this Province about three miles from Paris is seated St. Dennis famous for the Sepulchres of the French Kings The Beautiful House of Fountain-Belle-eau esteemed one of the fairest Palaces in Europe As also the Royal Mansion of St. German seated on the Ascent of a Hill seven miles from Paris down the Water And Bois de Vincennes in which Henry the Fifth ended his days Senlis is the chief City of the Dukedom of Valois which gave name to the French Kings of the Second Branch of the Capets which begun in Philip Valois Ann. 1328. in his Reign was fought the Battel of Crecie Anno 1343. where was slain John King of Bohemia 11 Princes 80 Barons 120 Knights and 30000 common Soldiers In Champaigne the chief City is Rheimes Famous for being the place where the French Kings are commonly Crowned and Anointed Therein also is Langres Andomatanum of Ptol. the Seat of the Twelve Peers of France Trois the meeting-place of Charles the Sixth and Henry the 5th Kings of France and England where the Victorious King was espoused to Katherine Daughter to King Charles aforesaid Bretaigne or Britany of old Armorica so called from the Britains who flew thither in the time of the Saxons Tyranny over them in England Formerly the Titles of the Earls of Richmond It s Sea-Port Towns are Brest Vendana Portus seated upon a spacious Bay the Key the Bulwark and best Harbour in France St. Maloes Aletha Maclovium built on a Rock a strong fair and populous City yet often spoiled and damaged by the English Inland Towns are Nants Condivincum Ptol. Cit. Namnetum Ant. seated on the Banks of the Loyre and Rennes Condate of Ptol. Cit. Rodanum Ant. the Parliament-City for this County Vannes Dariorigum Ptol. Cit. Venetum Ant. Situate on a capacious Bay the chief Town of the Old Veneti Quimper Corentin Corisopitum Ant. Orleance as it comprehends Maine Perch Beauce Nivernois Touraine Anjou the Title of Henry the Second King of England and Earl of Anjou now the Title of the third Son of France Poictou Angonnois and Berry hath these chief Cities 1. Orleance of Old Gennabum of Caes Strab. Cenabum Ptol. Aurelia It s pleasant Situation on the Loire makes it very beautiful and delightful Once the Seat Royal of its own Kings now the Title of the Second Son of France It long felt the force of an English Siege where died Great Montacute Earl of Salisbury On the chief Bridg of this City is the Statue of Joan the Pucelle de dieu or Maid so assistant to the French in Repelling the English and raising the Siege of Orleance May the 12th 1429. Burnt alive by the English Anno 1431. after which time the Affairs of the English grew worse and worse for in Anno 1435. Charles the Burgundian fell off and in 1453. Talbot a man of great Valour and Conduct was slain and nothing was left to the English but Calice of all that the English had got in two and forty years 2. Mans Cit. Cenomannorum by Antonius by Ptol. Vidinum Vendosme which gave Name to Antonio Father to Henry the Fourth 3. Chartes Carnutum Ant. Ptol. Autricum seated on the Loire a fair and pleasant City Dignified with a University for the Study of the Civil Law. 4. Nevers Noviodunum Caesar Nivernum al. Nivernium Ant. upon the Loire Dignified with an Ancient Dukedom 5. Tours Caesarodunum Ptol. Turonum Ant. where the Protestants are said first to have begun in France and were called Hugonots Nigh to this place it was that Charles Martel Father of King Pepin in Anno 732. discomfited an Army of about 400000 Saracens of which were slain near 370000. Blois pleasantly seated and in a good Air where the Duke of Guise the first mover of the Civil Wars and contriver of the Massacre at Paris was slain by the command of Henry the Third 6. Angiers by Ptolomy called Juliusmagus Andeglaevum Ant. of a large Circuit well built seated in a good Air and made a University Beaufort belonging to the Duke of Lancaster nigh which Town was the Duke of Clarence Brother to Henry the Fifth slain 7. Poictiers by Ptolomy Augustoritum Pictavium Ant. a University Famous for the Study of the Civil Law and for greatness said to be next to Paris In the Vine-fields two Leagues from the City was fought that memorable Battel between John of France and Edward the Son of King Edward the III. Sirnamed the Black Prince who with 8000 men overcame the French Army of 40000 whereof 10000 were slain besides Nobles Prisoners taken were King John and his Son Philip 70 Earls 50 Barons and about 12000 Gentlemen 8. Rochel seated on the Acquitane Ocean a place of great Trade and of greater strength before it was dismantled 1627. witness its many Sieges Anno 1570. by Jarvil Anno 1573. by Byron with an Army of 50000. men and 60 Pieces of Artillery 1575. and 76. it was attempted by Land●riau in 1577. by Lansac In the troubles of 1585. and 88. it was the Retreat of the King of Navarre and Prince of Conde Her Commodities Rochel-Wine Salt and Brandy Rupella Ant. Mortus Santorum Ptol. 9. Angoulesme Enculisma al. Cit. Etolinensium Ant. 10. Bourges a Town of great strength by Nature and well Fortified by Art Situate in a low Flat amongst deep impassible Bogs and Marshes 'T is an Arch-Bishoprick and one of the best Universities in France called Avaricum in Caesar's time of old Bituricum Ant. Varicum Ptol. Sancerre a strong Town memorable for a desperate and long Siege in the Reign of Charles the Ninth In the Province of Bourgondy once a Kingdom is first Dijon Divionum built by the Emperor Aurelian proud in her Parliament and for giving Birth to St. Bernard seated upon the Soasne Next are Auxerre Antissiodorum Ant. Chalon Cabullinum Strab. Caballinum Ptol. Cavillonium Caesar Castrum Gaballionense Ant. Mascon Castrum Matisconense Ant. seated upon the Soasne the best Hold of King Charles the Seventh in his hard Wars against the English Alize now a small Village formerly Alexia the chief Fortress of Vercingeterix who had 70000 Men in the Town when Besieged by Caesar and an Army of 300000 Gauls at the back of Caesar to relieve their fellows notwithstanding all which the Town was yielded to Caesar and Vercingeterix sate at his feet and became his Prisoner Philip the third Grandchild to Philip the Hardy united to this Dutchy almost all the Belgick Provinces but Charles his Son in the War against Lewis the Eleventh lost his Men Money and Life at the Battels of Granson Morat and Nancy 1476. afterwards this