Selected quad for the lemma: kingdom_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
kingdom_n	charles_n	king_n	lewis_n	2,106	5	10.5351	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A34097	A generall table of Europe, representing the present and future state thereof viz. the present governments, languages, religions, foundations, and revolutions both of governments and religions, the future mutations, revolutions, government, and religion of christendom and of the world &c. / from the prophecies of the three late German prophets, Kotterus, Christina, and Drabricius, &c., all collected out of the originals, for the common use and information of the English.	Comenius, Johann Amos, 1592-1670.	1670 (1670)	Wing C5507A; ESTC R24277	200,382	315

present House of Bourbon and granted good terms to the Protestants but was afterwards stabb'd by Ravillac of the Romish and Jesuitical Faction The first occasion as was hinted of these Troubles was the Massacre at Merindal Anno 1545. but specially the great Massacre at Paris and thereupon presently throughout the whole kingdom an 1572. from which time the Holy League began Which was a Sacred Confederation of the Pope king of Spain and Duke of Guise for the Catholick Religion and to root out Hereticks And to that end to set up some more Catholick and zealously affected and engaged King and Interest either the King of Spain or Duke of Guise of the Family of Lorrain descended from Charles the great on whom the Pope pretends to have bestowed no less than the Roman Empire upon its ruine and the kingdom of France upon its alienation to Pepin his Father Lewis the 13 th his Son succeeded 1610 the most absolute King of France since Charles the Great For he reduc'd the Protestants to his obedience and all the Forts and Castles held by them to the number of three hundred diminishes the Liberty of Religion granted by Henry the fourth by Decree ordering that all the Protestants should be in all things equal with the Catholicks and enjoy the same Priviledges and Immunities In which War the Siege of Rochel was most famous where all the Art of War was shewn Anno 1628. taken and its Walls demolished Cardinal Richlieu was his chief Counsellor and Minister of State under whom he brings all France into one entire body and state yet Liberty of Religion by agreement continued to the Protestants And from that time bent all his Horce against Spain and House of Austria then encreasing So by the Conduct of Richlieu accomplish'd great things in Italy Germany Spain and Flanders as well as his own Kingdom So that by the peace at Munster between both Emperor and Spain all Alsatia was added to France and the strongest places on this side the Rhine and a good part of Flanders c. whereby France recovered the bounds as it were of ancient Gaul The Dukedom of Lorraine also during the German wars was put into the protection of France about the restoring of which there has been some difficulties of late or demurres An. 1642. Lewis the 14 th four years old succeeds in whose minority the Queen Mother managed affairs with Cardinal Mazarine a stranger which stirred the envy and hatred of the French against him 1650. The discontented Princes are imprisoned which causes intestine commotions the Prince of Conde chief 1651. They are freed Mazarin driven out of Paris and banished But the King entering his 14th year recalled Conde arms against the King 1652. At Mazarin's return now Civil Discords revive But the Cardinal outdoes them and becomes more potent and glorious Prince of Conde takes the Spaniards part in Flanders Afterwards Mazarine made Peace with England 1660. The Wars between France and Spain for twenty six years ended and Peace made The Kings marriage with Spains Infanta follows by Mazarin's and De Haro's means Which has since occasioned the late War in Flanders Conde reconcil'd to the King and restor'd Since which the Protestants never in lower condition nor more under the hatches and have lost more by this Peace then ever they did by their own Wares Aurange taken into the Kings protection and unwalled 1661. Duke of Orleans the Kings Brother Marries the Princesse of England The Duke of Lorraine sells his Provinces to the King of France his Nephew dissenting The rest since are flesh in memory Namely the Political and Civildeath as it were of the Protestants since the General Peace 1660 and since this last Peace also The Wars with England France confederating with Holland or rather poizing the lighter Ballance or weaker side The Comprehension of the Jansenists and the four Jansenian Bishops with the chief thereof Doctor Arnaud within the Bounds of the Romish Church Marshal Turein turn'd Catholick So that France is like to be one entire Body of Catholicks which no doubt is one main design on foot of the Pope and Jesuites who by strange and unobserved artifices sway Princes and their grand Ministers of State c. The Foundation and Revolutions of Spain and Portugal After the breaking of the Roman Empire there was a Kingdom founded over all Spain and Portugal by the West Goths coming out of Italy This Kingdom was destroyed afterwards by the Moors and Saracens The Goths began soon after to revive again and to erect several lesser Kingdoms by degrees as they could which in time were variously united and disunited again and perpetual Wars with one another The grand division at last was into the kingdom of the Moors and of the Christians or Goths The Moors Kingdom in the end fixed only in Andalusia or most Southern parts of Spain The Christians became divided also in time into four chief Kingdoms Castile Arragon Navarre and Portugal which could never unite till 1. Ferdinand the Great sirnamed the Catholick King of Arragon laid the Foundations of the last and greatest Monarchy of Spain by marriage with Isabel Queen of Castile c. towards the year 1480. in which Race continued ever since Whereupon mighty things ensued 1. Perpetual Union betwixt those two potent Kingdoms 2. The utter rooting out presently thereupon the Moors and Saracens from the kingdom of Andalusia who had held Spain more or less in subjection for seven hundred years Anno 1492. Upon which they presum'd to stile themselves King and Queen of Spain i. e. all Spain to the prejudice of Navarre and Portugal who were yet distinct Kingdoms 3. The seizing on the kingdom of Navarre whereto belonged Naples and Sicily c. 4. The discovery of the New World America the year 1492. After which they had the title of Catholick by the Pope to the prejudice of all other Kingdoms 5. The marrying of their only Daughter and Heir to Philip the Emperors Son Archduke of Austria Prince of the Netherlands thereby uniting those great Estates and laying the Foundation also for the present Austrian Greatness and Family continued ever since by so many intermarriages between the Spanish and Imperial branches of that potent Family And thus the Spaniards first became considerable in the World and a Terror to Neighbours and suddenly look'd like the beginners of a fifth or Universal Monarchy of the World at least the New-World Which they affected first in Title Getting 1. that of Catholick Kings after they had usurped that of Kings of Spain as designed by the Pope for Universal or Catholick Monarch to promote the Catholick Cause on Religion to root out Hereticks c. which has been alwayes their pretext and which they have been alwayes zealous and mighty sticklers for And 2 they have hereby claimed prerogative over all other Kings and by pretext of their Title have ever since look'd on themselves as the Greatest Monarchs of all the World as indeed they had

and other Princes put in for others But all lies in the will and pleasure of the Nobles as they can agree The present king Casimir is above threescore years old and besides his age and the ordinary cares of a Crown has never had one peaceable moment but perpetual troubles all his dayes either with the Cossacks or Tartars or the Moscovites or the Swedes or the Confederates So that he has had reason enough to be at last weary of a Crown in his old days and to rest And indeed layes it down not without honour having first reduced the Confederates and setled affairs else had done it sooner lest it should be thought he did it by force and because he could keep it no longer rather than choise and rather outed of it than voluntarily left it Note that these Cossacks so often mentioned inhabit the Eastern parts of Poland towards the Russes and Tartars and made but one Body under their General Chimilnisky who some years ago made a great noise in the World But were of late divided into three Bands whereof one adheres to the Moscovite the other to the King of Poland and a third contend for Liberty under the Orders of their General Tetera Beside the Army of the Confederates that was but now dissolved By all which it appears that Poland has declined much 1. By the loss of Walachia and Moldavia to the Turks 2. By the Revolt of the Cossacks and black Russes with all Ukrain 3. By the Moscovites possessing or spoyling and laying waste a great part of Lituania 4. By the Confederacy and Civil War of the Nobles with the King Victors in fight under Lubomirsky though at last weary of their own Confusions both sides hearkned to Reason and made a Composure And thus much of the confused story of Polands Confusions Sweden lies next concerned in our way The Revolutions of Swedeland The three Kingdoms of Denmark Norway and Sweden of old were often united and reunited till at last 1523 finally severed For Christiern the 2 d King of Denmark conquering Sweden us'd his Victory so cruelly and his own Subjects so insolently that both Kingdoms enrag'd rose up against him as a Tyrant outed him of all his Kingdoms and cast him in Prison where he miserably ended his dayes after thirty six years Imprisonment An. 1559. For Erick of an old Royal Blood of Sweden being carried by Christiern after his Conquests as a pledge into Denmark pittying his own Country escapes from amidst of Hunting in the habit of a Cowherd or Fisherman or both secretly to Lubick and from thence privily convey'd to Swedeland where he gets an Army against Christiern whose Uncle Frederick renouncing all right to Sweden makes a League with Erick and so both Nations joyn to deliver themselves from the Tyrant This Erick first brought in Protestantism i. e. Luthers Doctrine 2. Erick seeing the liberty of making Kings begot and continued troubles obtain'd of the States to make it an Hereditary Kingdom 3. His Son succeeded Anno 1561 who wars with the Dane and at last for Tyranny outed of his Kingdom by his Subjects and cast into Prison dyed miserably 4. The next King deliver'd Livonia from the tyranny and heavy pressures of the Russians after the year 1570 and added it to his Kingdom which he enlarged far and near through Lapland part of Russia all Ingria and Livonia 5. Sigismund his Son by the Sister of Sigismund King of Poland was created King of Poland Anno 1587. and succeeded in Swedeland anno 1593 thereby uniting both Kingdoms But chosen King of Poland with this condition that he should adde Livonia for ever to the Crown of Poland But being a Papist he would have brought Jesuites and the Roman Religion into Sweden and they refusing would have done it by force whereupon his Uncle Charls the former kings Brother began to oppose him whence a grievous and long War between both Kingdoms He had been made Governour and Vice-Roy as it were during his Brothers absence in Poland and at last King by the favour of the Calvinists who now began to appear in this kingdom the Lutherans being not very favourable thereunto Anno 1607 He made perpetual Wars against the Russes Poles and Danes and so prepared his Nation by use of Arms as it were for the succeeding Wars of Germany under 6. Gustavus Adolphus his Son the Greatest and most victorious of all the Kings of Swede and who first rais'd its fame in the World with incredible success of Arms overruns Germany frees the oppressed Princes of Pomerania and Brandenburgh restores the Duke of Meckleburgh takes all Places and Cities that lie in his way beats Tilly in two great Battels overruns a great part of Bavaria and at last kill'd in fight 1632 after such two or three years Success only During his Daughters minority the Wars are continued in Germany till the Treaty at Munster 1648. By which War the Swedes obtain'd besides vast Riches and Spoils and inestimable Treasure large Provinces near the Baltick-Sea or Sound the Dukedom of Breme and Verd saving the Liberty of the City to it self still all the further Pomerania Vismar and other smaller Territories c. Anno 1650 Christiana is crown'd a Princess for Arts rather than ARms or Government and weary of her Kingdom or Subjects or they of her leaves it An. 1654. Before which the same year Conigsmark invades the Bishoprick of Breme again and possesses it Christiana turns Catholick travels to Rome c. Her Story is common She having no Heirs her kinsman Charles Gustavus the 10 th descended from a Sister of Gustavus Adolphus Daughter of Charles the 9 th King of Swede succeeds is crown'd the same year and married to the Duke of Holsteins eldest daughter and for glorious feats of Arms and Conquests immitates his Uncle Gustavus Adolphus and soon also taken away An. 1656 The Moscovite invades Livonia in xain attempts Riga An. 1657 King of Denmark invades Breme takes Verd whilst the King of Swede is busie in Poland who hastens thence invades Holstein drives the Dane from the Dukedom of Breme besieges Verd in vain The Elector of Brandenburgh having the same year deserted the Swede and agreed with the Pole An. 1658 The Swede invades Fuinen Island marches over the Sea on Ice with his Army into Sealand drives the Dane to the Peace at Rotchild to follow Poland again but before all things fully ended and for some new actings and emergencies invades Sealand again the same year takes Cronenburg and at last besieges Copenhagen it self a long while which reduced to straits the Hollanders to relieve with Provisions and Forces have a Fight in the very Danish Creek or Strait About the same time also the Brandenburgh and Imperialists march into Holstein against the Swede and drive him out An. 1659. Fuinen Island recover'd by the Dane and his Confederates with other Islands and th' Swede overcome there The Elector of Brandenburgh also with his Confederates the Poles

sit in the Temple of God as God and all to submit to the decision of the Bishop of Rome at least presiding in Council 4. The Bishop of Romes Seat was the Seat or metropolis of the Empire thereby gaining great authority power and priviledges and no less fame esteem and repute over all the World c. But we can but hint things here in brief 5. The Empire began soon to be divided into the Eastern and Western Where upon the Eastern Bishops contend for precedency and supremacy upon the removal of the Seat of Empire to Constantinople and the outward flourishing of that Church 6. At last upon the further breakings and weaknings of the Empire he obtains of Phocas killing the Emperor Mauritius in a tumult of the Souldiers the absolute supremacy and Title of Universal Bishop about 606. as aforesaid In these contentions for this spiritual supremacy they pretended for their Title and claim the donation or delegation of Christ thereto the Succession to St. Peter the donation and Constitution of Constantine the first Christian universal Emperor c. Having got the Supremacy of the Church in spirituals the same mystery of Iniquity works for Supremacy also in Temporals over all Emperors Kings and Princes and as it were universal Monarchy For from universal Bishop clearly follows universal Excommunication even of Emperors Rings and Monarchs afterwards practised From Excommunicating deposing From deposing disposing of Ringdoms From disposing to whom should he be more kind then himself Usurping and possessing So naturally one Wedge drives in and makes way for another And having got in his head casily wriggles in his whole Body c. Besides the Church was to be preferred above the State and the Head of the Church above the Head of the State And so the Spiritual Supremacy prepares and makes way for the Temporal For there is no end of Pride and Ambition so long as any equall or superior unless he be above all that is called God like Lucifer who would be above God himself and all Government or subjection But we must not insist As to this Temporal Power Particulars of fact in brief lye thus as well as we can observe things as they fell out Only first take notice the foundation of his spirituall Supremacy a little more particular in the order of time 1 By the Council of Nice in Constantines time the four Patriarchs of Rome of Jerusalem of Alexandria and of Antioch were all equal 2 about the year 410. the Bishop of Rome would pretend to be the first Patriarch and to that end falsifies the Canon and sends it to the Council of Carthage where it was rejected as false 3 The Imperial Seat being translated to Constantinople the Bishop thereof was made a fifth Patriarch in order and not long after the second the rest oppossing c. in vain 4 The Lombards overcoming Italy and the Pope not well pleased with the Emperor c. The Bishop of Constantinople endeavours the Title of Universal Bishope and obtains it of Mauritius the Emperor the Bishop of Rome to the utmost opposing and exclaiming against it as intolerable Pride and the signe of antichrist And whether out of a good mind or because he could not be uppermost himself laments the corruptions of the Church and Clergy For of the Priests he complains the World is full of them and yet but few Labours in the Lords Harvest We take upon us the office but discharge it who list And I think no dishonour to God can be shewed so great as that which it tolerated in Priests For they are come now to that pass that they jear at him that lives humble and continently and takes better courses then themselves which Mantuan versifies on to this purpose Poor Curats only keep Pope Gregory's Laws And fish in Rills and Rivers surface sweep But fatter Jacks and Carps escape their paws Mudding themselves in Coverts of the deep 'T is Prelats sink St. Peters larger Net And ' lone i' th deep all sort of Fish do get The said Gregory cryed out O times O manners The world is all on fire with Wars Christians are destroyed by Idolaters Cities and Temples by Barbarians and yet Priests as it were insulting over Calamities usurp the names of vanity and make ostentation of profane Titles to themselves thereby taxing this arrogance of the Constantinopolitan Patriarch 5 Phocas killing Mauritius and invading the Empire to oblige the Bishop of Rome to keep Italy the better in quiet and obedience grants the dignitiy of Universal Bishop to Boniface requesting it and decrees the Sea or Seat of Rome to be the Head of all Churches Which decrees Boniface publishes in a Synod of 62 Bishops and obtains it not without opposition and contention c. After these things the Eastren or Greek Church broke off from the Latine or Roman Italy by several Masters began to be quite pluck'd from the Empire and Rome to come into the Popes power and several Schisms and Heresies in the Church and contentions and quarrels between Popes and Emperors thereupon c. The Pope alienates the Romans or people of Italy and Rome from the Emperor brings them to oppose him amidst the troubles of Italy And condemns Emperors of the East of Heresie and at last excommunicates them And out of the ruines of Italy works his own greatness and by his means and through his occasion a new Empire is set up in the West by the Franks under Charles the Great and great Temporal Power and Dominion and Estates accrew'd to the Church and the Pope at length claims superiority above the Emperors themselves c. As the following particulars will manifest After the Supremacy of the Pope thus established the Greeke Church in the East seperates from the Roman not only for Primacy but other high points of Religion as was now said About the year 710. arose the controversie about Images And about 726. the Pope excommunicates the Emperor for his Edct against Images who laughs at it and excommunicates him again for an Idolater and forbids Revenues and Taxes to be paid in Italy Upon these differences Italy is torn from the Empire by divers Usurpers and Rome by the Pope c. An. 712. Lands and Teritories are first conferr'd on the Church by some new Conquerors And soon after more And at last most he now possesses by Pepin and Charles the Great For about this time Charles Martel Maire of the Kings Palace recovers France from the Infidel Moors and Saracens which drew the heart of the French towards him creating him Duke or Prince of France and might have had the Kingdom too if he had been so aspiring Pepin his Son under colour of Election is made King The lawful King having his Pole shaven and feign to retire into a Monastery the Pope approving these proceedings and investing and confirming Pepin in the Kingdom But the Pope being distressed in Italy calls in Pepin therefore whom he had so obliged to defend him

and the Church in this Stile Peter the Apostle of Jesus Christ to you the most Illustrious King Pepin and to all Bishops Abbots c. I the Apostle Peter whose Adopted Sons you are admonish you that you perfectly come and defend this City c. And doubt you not but trust assuredly that I my self as if I stood before you do thus exhort you c. and that I Peter the Apostle of God will at the last day yeeld you mutual kindness and prepare you Tabernacles in the Heavens Upon this quarel of the Popes Pepin and his Son Charls destroy the Kingdom of the Lombards in Italy and give large Territories to the Church And these things made way and gave occasion and opportunity for Charles upon his great conquests to set up the German Empire of the West Franks The Pope in requital confirms Pepin in the Ringdom of France gives his Son Charls afterwards the Title of most christian King and crowns him Emperor of the Romans at Rome An. 800. From which he would pretend to be above Emperors and Kings and to be his right to Crown confirm and depose them if not dispose of their Kingdoms But Charls at length reassumes the ancient and original Imperial Dignity and Power to Govern the Church call Councils and order Papal Elections and confirm and invest them c. against all begun usurpations and incroachments of the Pope and aws Italy And keeps the Pope still Subject which Authority of the Empire was prety well upheld during the Caroline Race The Pope in the mean while under pretext of the Christian Religion and converting Infidels and the Nations increases in Wealth Power and Authority over the World Thundering out these Decrees of Holy Church Out of the Church no Salvation The Pope's the Successor of St. Peter the visible Head of the Church the Vicar of Christ on Earth His right as aforesaid to create confirm excommunicate and depose Kings and dispose Kingdoms for the cause of Religion c. That they are Hereticks that dissent from the Roman Church the only true Catholick Church or are Enemies to it c. Hereby the Consciences of the Nations Princes and People converted to an outward christianity are aw'd and fill'd with Reverence and Zeal for the Church to convert or root out Infidel Nations c. and to do any Benefices or Services for the Church As the most acceptable Service to Christ whom they began to acknowledge and Worship as their God and Saviour Hence almost all the Nations subject themselves to the Pope as Head of the Church yea and in Temporals also in a great measure nay some to hold their Kingdoms of him c. As if they could not any better way recompence Christs Vicar for the benefit of their Eternal Salvation then to submit themselvs all theirs to his dispose And this Opinion was brought about to prevail in the World that they might redeem their sins by good deeds and charitable works and services for the Church against it's enemies c. Hence Riches and Revenues of the Clergy and Hosts and swarms of clergy men Hence Churches Temples Abbies Monastries without number c. for the Redemtion of Souls Hence Expeditions Holy Wars Leagues and undertakings for the Church Hence Pardons Indulgences and devices for mony c. 'T would be endless to mention particulars c. The Pope having thus erected his Throne in the Consciences of men strongly seated there through Ignorance and blind Zeal and Devotion begins to play Rex in the World Besides there being perpetual emulation of Princes specially in Germany and Italy for Empire and Dominion c. The Pope interests himself in one part and the other for fear of excommunication or force becomes subject to him The Pope therefore now practises all wayes he can against the superiority of the Emperor and from being any wayes subject to his Authority or control and to undermine all Supremacy in Temporals presuming that all power is given to him both in Heaven and Earth in the Church and State c. 'Till in the end they come not only to let the Emperors have nothing to do in their Election Confirmation and Investiture but also to have all in a manner themselves to do in the Creation and Coronation of the Emperors Not long after the Caroline power and race declining and that partly through the Popes practises Italy is usurp'd by several Tyrants against the Emperor and almost wholly broken from it wherein the Popes have a finger and make their own advantage upon these distractions of the Empire For An. 884. Adrian the 3 d. denyes the Emperors Authority necessary to the creating Popes and about the year 900. the Empire is wholly and perfectly translated from the French or Caroline race to the Germans by Pope Agapetus's plotting And about the year 1000. as some write Gregory the fifth appoints Electors for choosing the Emperors whereby they afterwards became weakned and the Empire broken into factions and parties and the Pope thereby to have the better opportunity to work his own ends and to raise his greatness out of others ruines striving now to be uppermost not only in Church but State too and to be above even the Emperors themselves For after this time open and down right Tyranny over the Emperors begins to manifest it self First Pope John takes away all choise of Popes from the people to the Clergy only upon this plausible ground That the People are to be taught not followed Next Clement the 2 d. about 1047. set up by the Emperor against other Anti-Popes by the Authority of a Synod caused the Romans to renounce by oath the right they claimed in choosing Popes Then about 1050. Leo the 9 th invested by the Emperor is perswaded by Hildebrand to put off his pontificalibus or papal Robes in his journey from Germany to Rome to wave the Emperor and have a new election from the Roman Clergy and then made Hildebrand Cardinal who manag'd all at his pleasure After this Nicholas the 2 d. about 1060. takes away the election from the Roman Clergy bringing it about to a Colledge of Cardinals also then instituted that is of Spiritual Temporal or Lincy-woollcy Princes like himself the Supreme Emperor as it were for the greater grandure and more magnificent authority of his Almighty Holiness who was now almost got to the top of Empire Supremacy and Omnipotency For it was decreed in Council the Pope only to be chose by Cardinals whose Wounderful Worships or Eminencies might lift him up one step higher even as it were into Heaven to be God on Earth For so some thought fitting afterwards to stile forsooth his divine Majesty c. And then they order that no lay Person should confer Ecclesiaslick Investiture For what should the Church concern them But yet they themselves would invest and Crown Lay Princes For though the State had nothing to do with the Church yet the Church had to do

Emperor unless they would have one chose for them Meeting therefore at Franck-fort they chose out of one of the weakest Families every Faction grown jealous and fearing the other Rodolphus Earl of Hapsburg in the year 1270. to be Emperor the Raiser of the present House of Austria upon this occasion and grand Revolution for by War and by his Imperatorian Power gaining Austria and other Territories adjoyning he confers them upon his Son And so the Earls of Hapsburgh become first Dukes then Arch-Dukes of Austria about the year 1280. and so propagated their power far and near unto our times By this time the seven Electors had rooted themselves in their usurp'd Electorship which began first by bare permission and under pretext of avoiding confusion and for better order in the Election to take the Votes of all the other Princes of Germany what should be best for the Common Interest afterwards used and usurped as their priviledge and so continued it till they got to be established therein by the Golden Bull. II. The Golden Bull or Seal is constituted as the perpetual and fundamental Law of the Empire not to be altered by the Emperor no not with the Electors consent themselves by Charles the Fourth in the year 1356. Yet to which since has been added Capitulations of the Emperor with the Electors and Princes of Germany In the Golden Bull was contained the Priviledges Liberties Order and mutual respect between the Emperor and Princes In it the seven Electors were established by publick Sanction and Law of the Empire before sometimes more sometimes less usurped the Power to themselves which bred dissentions and confusions alwayes in choice Also to hinder Haereditary Succession that three Emperors of one and the same Family should never be chosen together as had been by Power Interest and Factions formerly accustomed to keep it in one House which how well observed the Story will shew it having continued in that Line ever since and become in a manner quite haereditary and scarcely to be altered In it also was decided between the House of Bavaria and the Palatine the Controversie about Electorship which was by perpetual right then annexed to the Palatinate and ever since continued so till the late German Wars before each claiming the Electorship which therefore often disturbed their number to be more or less than seven III. About the year 1500. the State of Burgundy which contained the Low Countries was by Marriage with the Heiress thereof added to the House of Austria which further strengthened it About the same time under Maximilian the first the publick Courts of Judicature which followed the Emperors Court alwayes before were fixed to a certain place and this is called the Imperial Chamber the Supream Tribunal and Appeal of Justice in which in Civil Matters the Emperor and all the Princes should be subject and the greatest Controversies be submitted to its Judgment It was after two removes fixed at last to Spires hence the Chamber of Spires fam'd over all and the Empire also divided into ten Circles by the same Emperor at the same time IV. The Heir of Burgundy i. e. the Emperors Son by his Wife Heiress thereof marrying with the Heir of Spain unite the Kingdom of Spain and Burgundy and the House of Austria together and so the King of Spain becomes Arch-Duke of Austria Duke of Burgundy and Lord of the Low Countries and after his Grand-fathers decease Emperor also viz. Charles the Fifth Son of Philip King of Spain Son of Maximilian the Emperor succeeds his Father in his Estates of Inheritance of Spain Burgundy and the Low Countries Austria c. and by Election his Grand-father Maximilian in the Empire in the year 1519. under whom the German Empire rose to its greatest height and inlargement ever since the dismembring of it And indeed with this addition of Spain Burgundy and the Low Countries Naples and Sicily it might equal it under Charles the Great when it had France and Italy Members thereof or subject thereunto besides the Dukedom of Milan fell to this Charles also the Kingdom of Tunis and other parts in Africa became Tributary and moreover married the Daughter of Portugal and so laid a Foundation for that Kingdom also But if you add the West Indy Kingdoms the Kingdom of Mexico overcome Anno 1521. the Kingdom of Peru 1535. It had more extent though not greatness and power than all the Roman Empire ever had And had not the French opposed him he had over-ran all Europe and been Universal Monarch He had Prisoners at the same time the French King and the Pope of Rome He ruin'd the League made by the Protestants at Smalcalde in Germany Took Prisoners the Elector of Saxony and Landgrave of Hassia drove the great Turk from Vienna as well as won Tunis But the Turk soon broke his Power in Africa and being hunted out of Germany he resigned all his Estates and Kingdoms the Empire to his Brother who had been before elected King of Hungary and Bohemia Anno 1526. and by the procurement of this Charles elected King of the Romaus 1531. and now by his Resignation Emperor 1558. The rest of his Estates to his Son Philip the Second King of Spain and so went off the Stage and died private in a Monastery after he had been glutted as it were with the pomp and vanity of the World As Emperor of the Germans King of Castile Aragon Naples Sicily c. Arch-Duke of Austria Duke of Burgundy Prince of Belgium or Low Countries c. King of India and the Ocean c. Lord of Africa c. But in the end only Monk V. From this time the Austrian House took such rooting in Germany that the Empire is in name rather Elective but in reality Haereditary and become the Inheritance as it were of a Family Specially after he brought in the custom of creating King of the Romans during the Emperors life as he did to his Brother Anno. 1531. which is a Title proper to the Emperor notwithstanding the Elector of Saxony who by many Arguments shewed how it tended to inervate the free election of the Emperor VI. Under this Charles all Germany both Empire and Church is rent into two grand Factions or Parts Roman Catholicks and Protestants the Protestants again into Lutherans and Calvinists and from this division arose the two grand Wars the Smalcaldick and Bohemian The chief cause was the general hate of the Roman Court and Tyranny and base abuses and corruptions thereof both by the Princes and People ready to take any occasion against them But the occasion was the common selling of Indulgences by an impudent Monk whom another Monk but honester opposes Thus the two Instruments were two Monks one a very Knave or at best corrupt ignorant Friar the other an honest sincere and well-meaning Soul as well as zealous Martin Luther by name such as were many in those dayes as Thauler whom Luther much esteemed and praises or if you

their Embassadors as free and absolute Soveraign Estates For by this time they had other Bones that touch'd them nearer to pick and a greater Enemy to deal with and a worse and nearer Neighbour which occasioned the defection of Portugal and Catalonia For the Portuguese in the year 1640 through Richlieu's Policy and Contrivance revolt and set up the Duke of Braganza right Heir to the Crown and the Catalonians turn to the Protection of France the same year Thus Spain that had the four chief parts of the World Europe Africa Asia and America and possest more Countries and People than all the ancient Monarchies put together has been shrewdly and dangerously enfeebled in some of its principal Limbs and never likely to recover its first strength 'T is observed from the Story that this Kingdom got its great increase by Marriages but lost alwayes by Arms. Three Marriages specially enlarg'd it 1. Of Maximilian the Emperor with the Heiress of Burgundy whereby all the Netherlands or Belgium came to the House of Austria 2. Of Philip the first the Emperor's Son with the Daughter and Heiress of Spain besides the Marriage of Ferdinand with Isabel her Parents which laid the first Foundation for Spains growth and greatness thereby uniting Austria Belgium or the Netherlands and Spain and of the Empire it self under Charles the 5 th Philip's son 3. Of this Charles the 5 th with the eldest Daughter and Heir of Portugal whereby his Son Philip the 2 d claimed and got that kingdom also though against the fundamental Law thereof that the Crown should not go to an Alien c. But enough concerning the encrease and decrease of this mighty Monarchy 7. Philip the 3 d succeeds about the year 1500 and finding his Estates almost destroy'd by those long and chargeable wars with Holland England c. first makes peace with England and afterwards a Twelve years Truce with the Netherlands Which done he totally banishes all the new Christians i. e. all the Moors turn'd Christians ere now out of Spain and afterwards was active for the Imperialists in the Protestant Wars of Germany 8. An. 1621. succeeded Philip the 4 th who got into his hands all the Lower Palatinate from the Elector Palatine in those Wars But lost the whole Kingdom of Portugal and Province of Catalonia before hinted with many of the best Towns in Flanders not yet recovered from the power of the French and some parts in Italy c. but many more lost this last year besides c. To particularize the Times a little Anno 1578. Sebastian king of Portugal helping Mahomet to recover the kingdom of Fez and Morocco was slain in Africa and so Portugal with all the Territories in Africa and the East-Indies fell to Spain as before-mentioned An. 1581. The Netherlanders revolt 1588. Their Invincible Armado beat by the English 1604. Spinola takes Ostend and the Prince of Orange Sluse 1609. Twelve years Truce with Spain 1621. Truce ended 1625. Breda surrendred to Spinola but retaken by Hollanders 1629. The Hollanders intercept the whole Spanish Silver-Fleet very rich coming out of their Haven in the West-Indies viz. the Port of Havan under Admiral Hayne 1635. War renewed between France and Spain which lasts for twenty years till 1660 in Flanders and Catalonia All which time various fortune Sieges Battels and taking and losing places 1640. Portugal and Catalonia revolt The Great Spanish Armado beat by Trump in the Chanel the same year 1643. French beat the Spaniards in the bloody Battel of Rocroy 1646. French take Dunkirk 1648. Peace between Spain and Netherlands after eighty years Wars 1654. A Plot discovered against Spaniards in Flanders The Duke of Lorrain sent prisoner into Spain The French relieve Arras with great victory and slaughter of Spaniards French under Duke of Guise invade Naples but repulsed 1656. French besiege Valentia Reliev'd with great victory and slaughter of them 1658. The French and English take Dunkirk This delivered to the English The French have Graveling and other places Jamaica lost to the English th' year before or more 1659. Mazarine and D' Haro contrive Peace and Marriage and Interviews of both Kings Duke of Lorrain released returns into France Sells his Provinces which he hardly knew how to get from to the French king An. 1662. Peace between the two Crowns agreed 1660. 1660. Spain renews Preparations against Portugal 1661. Spanish Armies move into Portugal The next year 1662 again invade Portugal take several places Queen of Portugal goes for England Tangier delivered to the English 1663. Spaniards like to gain Portugal But beat notoriously at Evora in a most memorable Battel Towns taken from the Portugals in the East-Indies by the Hollanders viz. Cauchin and Canamor c. Infanta of Spain betroth'd to the Emperor but departs not till 1666. An. 1662. Queen-Mother of Portugal remov'd from Government and the King administers Several Victories year after year against the Spaniards by assistance of the English 1664. King of Spain dies Since which time endeavours for Peace by Mediation of England but not throughly effectual till 1668. 1666. King of Portugal married to a Princess of France 1667. The King depos'd by his Brother and Subjects who now rules as Regent and marries the Queen c. And now Peace made with Spain who owns it a kingdom 1668. The French invade Flanders in right of his Queens Dowry and take many Territories But Peace soon made or rather but a making for they cannot yet agree on 't As for the Revolutions of England they are better known generally to English-men than can be in short described Of the Foundations and Revolutions of the seven present chief Dukedoms with the Archdukedom The Archdukedom of Austria was first a Marquisate then a Dukedom Afterwards they were Kings of Hungary and Bohemia Afterwards Emperors also as still at present And therefore shall say nothing further thereof save only that the Austrian Power has grown peculiarly by Marriages First The Emperor Maximilian the first obtain'd Burgundy and the Netherlands Philip his son Spain with its dependencies And Philip the 2 d by his father Charles the 5 th's marriage Portugal and all its dependencies as before hinted Of the great Dukedom of Tuscany or Florence The grand Dukedom of Moscovy is now reckon'd an Empire The great Dukedom of Lituania is subject to Poland The great Dukedom of Finland to Swedeland There remains only one Soveraign Great Dukedom and five Dukedoms As for the Dukedoms of Saxony and Bavaria they have the higher titles of Electorates The Great Dukedom of Tuscany was anciently a Free-State but never any more turbulent with Factions and several forms of Government in the State and most commonly between the Nobles and Commons till at last when there was no end of these Contentions the People prevailed against the Nobles Among the Commons the Medices princely Merchants were chief Adversaries of the Nobles and highly in favour with the People So that about the year 1410