South-East Aquileja is call'd by the French Aquilee by the Germans Aglar and Aglareu a Patriarchal City of Italy in antient times very great and one of the principal Cities of Italy the Residence of some Emperours In 452. Attila King of the Huns took and destroyed it after a Siege of 3 Years after this being rebuilt by Narsetes it was again Burnt and Ruin'd by the Lombards in 590. and was after this rebuilt by Poponâ— Patriarch of it In antient times it was under the temporal Jurisdiction of these Patriarchs but being afterwards taken by the Dukes of Austria it remains to this day in their hands It is now almost desolate by reason of its bad Air troublesom Rubbish and Ruins and the Vicinity of Venice which draws all Trade from it This City lies between the River Isonzo to the East and Ansa to the West and is not above 9 Miles distant from the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea on the North. It lies in 36. 10. Long. and 45. 45. Lat. Aquino Aquinum a very antient City in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Capona and heretofore a Roman Colony Almost Ruin'd and little consiberable now but for its being the Birth-place of S. Thomas Aquinas as formerly of the Poet Juvenal Aquisgrana Aquisgranum See Aix la Chapelle Aqutaine Aquatania a third Part of the antient Gaul supposed to be so call'd from the abundance of its Waters The Emperour Augustus divided it into Prima and Secunda including within both Bordeaux Agne Angoulesme Xaintes Poitiers Perigueux Bourges Clermont Rodes Albi Cahors Limoges Mende and Puy Whereunto the Emperour Adrian added a third Province by the Name of Novempopulonia See Gascoigne This Country continued in Obedience to the Roman Empire till Honorius about the Year 412. yielded part thereof to Athaulfe King of the Goths whose Successours took occasion thereupon to Usurp the whole About the Year 630. it came into the Possession of the Crown of France entirely The Gascoigners soon revoulted giving to Eudos their Leader the Title of Duke of Aquitain which brought on a War that was not ended till the powerful Reign of Charles the Great In 778. Charles the Great erected Aquitaine into a Kingdom in the Person of Lewis the Debonnaire his Son It continued a Kingdom about 100 Years and then broke into particular Fiefs and Hereditaments In 1152. it came to the Crown of England as Dukes of Aquitaine in the right of Eleanor Wife to Henry II. For its fortunes since see Gascoigne Arabia is a very large Country in Asia having on the North Syria and Diarbechia upon the East the Persian Gulph and the Streights of Basor by which it is separated from Persia on the South it has the Arabian Sea and on the West the Red Sea which cuts it off in great part from Africa The Southern and Eastern parts which are the greatest are well cultivated but the Northern is for the most part barren and sandy having but few Inhabitants or Cities by reason of the vast Desarts barren Mountains and want of Water It is all under Princes of its own except a small part of Arabia Petraea in which the Turks have some few Forts This vast Country is divided into three Parts viz. The Desart The Happy and The Stony Arabia Deserta the Desart is the least part of all the three and lies most North call'd by the Asiaticks Berii Arabistan bounded on the South by the Mountains of Arabia the Happy on the East by the Province of Iraca heretofore Chaldea upon the North by Diarvechia from which it is separated by the River Euphrates upon the West by Syria the Holy Land and Arabia the Stony Arabia Foelix the Happy is the greatest of all the three parts and lies extended to the South and East it is call'd by the Inhabitants Jemen and is encompass'd on all sides by the Sea except towards the North where it bounds upon the other two Arabia's There are in this part many Kingdoms and great Cities the Soil being fruitful and the Country not easie to be invaded by the neighbour Nations by reason of its Situation Arabia Petraea the Stony lies more West and is call'd by the Turks Dase-lik Arabistan or as others say Baraab Arabistan by the Natives it is bounded on the North by the Holy Land and part of Syria on the East by Arabia Deserta in part and by Arabia Foelix in part as also on the South and on the West it has the Red Sea and Egypt Two things have made these Countries known to all the World The wandering of the Children of Israel 40 Years in the first and the Birth of that great Deceiver Mahomet in the latter of these three Parts Aracuâ—es a People of Chili which are the most Warlike of all the Americans Arach Parthia a Province of the Kingdom of Persia Arach Petra the chief City of Arabia Petraea once the capital City of Moab and then call'd Rabath afterwards an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Jerusalem being taken from the Patriarch of Alexandria it was also once call'd Cyriacopolis and Mons Regalis by some now Krach it stands upon the Confines of Palestine near the Brook Zareth and lies in 66. 45. Long. and 30. 20. Lat. Arad Caucasus is a Mountain of Asia which the Fable of Prometheus has made very well known It is that part of Mount Taurus which lies betwixt the Euxine or Black Sea on the West and the Caspian Sea on the East including the Mengrelians Coraxicos Caitachians Heniochos and the Achaeans Achaeos It is continued also amongst the Asiatick Tartars as far as to the Cimmerian Bosphorus now commonly call'd Cocas This Mountain is very high and always covered with Snow It is call'd by Hayton the Armenian Cochias by others Albsor by Niger Adazer by Circassians Salatto and by the French le mont de Circassie Aradus an Island and City of Phaenicia in the Syrian Ocean over against Tortosa sometime the Seat of a Bishop till it fell under the Tyranny of the Turks Arafat a Mountain within a League or two of Mecca in Arabia On the top of it there is a Mosque whither the Mahometan Pilgrims repair tofinish their Devotions after their performance of the Ceremonies of Mecca It is the same they say that Abraham would have Sacrificed his Son Isaac upon in Commemoration whereof before they part they kill some Sheep in the Valley of Mina below and what they present not amongst their Friends they distribute to the Poor by the name of Corban that is their Oblation Aragon See Arragon Arais Araxes See Achlar Arakil-Uanc a Celebrated Village and Monastery at the foot of Ararat in Armenia in great esteem amongst the People there who believe it to be the place where Noah after the Deluge retired to offer his Sacrifices of Thanksgiving to God for his miraculous Preservation Aran Arania is a very fruitful Vale in Aquitain â—n France which lies between
from Paris to the South near the River Allier This City was erected from a Barony into a Dukedom by Charles le bel in 1327. And its Castle is reputed a place of great Strength § The Island of Bourbon otherwise call'd Mascarenhi is an Island under the French ever since the Portugueze lost it to them in the Aethiopick Ocean to the East of Madagascar about 25 Leagues in Length and 14 in Breadth They say there is a Volcano in some part of it the rest is very fruitful Bourbon l' Ancy a Town and Castle in the Province of Burgogne in France 7 Leagues from Moulins and one quarter of a League from the Loyre It is much in Esteem for Mineral Waters which are here covered with a Noble Structure of the Ancient Roman Work This Town was never taken in the Civil Wars It gives Name to a Territory in the Diocese of Autun that is parted from the Province of Bourbonnois by the River Loyre Boyne Bouinda a River in the Province of Leinster in Ireland which runs hard by Drogheda where K. James II. and his Army being about 25000 men encamped on the South side of this River received the Defeat of Jul. 1. 1690. by K. William in Person The Duke of Schomberg was killed in the Action Burbourg Burburgus a Town in the East of Flanders not above one Mile from Graveling which was taken by the French in 1657. and has remained ever since in their Hands Bourdeaux Burdegala the Capital of the Province of Guienne and an Archbishops See the Seat of one of the Parliaments of France rich well built and populous It has a noble Haven at the Mouth of the River Garonne much frequented by the Dutch and English and all other Northern Nations for Wine Salt c. So that this City is deservedly accounted one of the best in France It is also built in a very fruitful Soil and rarely improved by Art and Industry It gave Birth to Ausonius the Poet and to Richard II. King of England It has also a very strong Castle call'd le Chateau Trompette And was an University in the times of the Romans which Honor has been reconferred upon it by Charles VII Eugenius IV. and Lewis XI since which times it has produced many very learned Men First built by the Galls improved by the Romans made the Capital of a Kingdom by the Goths It fell into the hands of lesser Lords with the Title of Counts or Earls after the times of Charles the Great United with the Dukedom of Guienne in the times of Charles the Bald. Alenora the Daughter and Heir of Lewis VII of that House being married first to the King of France and after to Henry I. of England this Dukedom was annexed to the Crown of England and continued so till wrested from them by Charles VII of France in the Reign of Henry VI. The French had indeed usurped it before upon King John but the English were not without hope of recovering it till this last mentioned time It has given some disturbances to the Reigns of Lewis IX and XIV but is now finally brought under having in 1650. been reduced by force of Arms and a Siege There has been many National Councils held here and some Provincial Synods it stands about 12 Leagues from the shoars of the Ocean upon the South side of the Garonne in the most Southern Part of France in Long 20. 10. and Lat. 44. 50. The antient Inhabitants by Pliny and Strabo have the Title given them of Bituriges Vivisci to distinguish them from those of Bourges called Bituriges Cubi Borganeuf a Town in the Province of la Marche in France upon the little River Taurion three Leagues from S. Leonard and 5 from Limoges Some are pleased to include it in Poictou Bourgen Bresse Forum Sebusianorum Tamnum Burgus a City in the County of Bresse in France upon the River Resousse 5 Leagues distant from Mascon to the East and 9 from Lyons to the North It has been under the Crown of France ever since 1601 when this whole County which before pertained to the Dukedom of Snvoy was taken in It had a strong Citadel erected in 1569 which was demolished in 1611. The City is seated in Marshes and called by some by mistake Tanus adorned with a Bishops See by Pope Leo X in 1521. but this See was suppressed again by Pope Paul III. Bourg sur Mer a Town in Guienne built upon the mouth of the Dordogne Duranium where it unites with the Garone which heretofore was well fortified it stands 5 Leagues from Bourdeaux to the North. Le Bourg de Viviers or the Bourg de S. Andeol Burgus S. Andeoli is the most populous Town in the County of Viviers seated in a Plain upon the River Rhosne 25 Leagues lower than Lions antiently called de Gentibus Here S. Andeolus a Sub-deacon suffered Martyrdom under Severus the Emperor and from him the Town has its name as appears by the Registers of this Church Bourges Bituricae Biturix Biturgium Avaricum is a very great City and an Archbishops See the Head of the Dukedom of Berry seated as it were in the centre of France upon the River Eure which falls into the Seine above Roan and naturally a strong Place It has a noble Cathedral and an University famous for the Canon and Civil Laws The Archbishops enjoyed the Title of Primates of Aquitain from the IX Century to the time of Pope Clement V. who having been Archbishop of Bourdeaux transferred the Primacy from Bourges thither Several Councils and Synods have been held here particularly in 1438. one under Charles VII recognized the famous Council of Basil and the Pragmatique Sanction which continued thence in force till suppressed by the Concordate betwixt Pope Leo X. and Francis I. in the year 1516. It is 7 Leagues from la Charite to the West 22 from Orleans to the North. Lewis XI King of France was born here Bourgogne or Burgundy Burgundia a very large Province in France divided into 2 parts the one of which is called the Dukedom and the other the County of Burgundy The Dukedom of Burgundy hath on the East the Franche County and Savoy on the West Bourbonnois on the North Champagne and on the South la Bresse Lionois and some part of Baujolois A Country not fruitful in any thing but Wines and fine Rivers This Dukedom was seized by Lewis II. upon pretence of want of Heirs Males upon the Slaughter of Charles the Hardy by the Switzers in 1467 and ever since it has been in the possession of the Crown of France The County of Burgundy hath on the East the Mountain Jour which parts it from Switzerland on the West the Dutch of Burgundy from which it is divided by the Sâ—aâ—ne on the North and a Branch of the Mountain Vauge which divideth it from la Bresse it is reckoned to be 90 Miles in length and about 60 in breadth for the most part Mountainous but fruitful of
East of it Genichisar Hermaeum a Cape in Thrace five Miles from Constantinople to the South-East called by the Christians Neo Castro New-Castle Genoua Genua a very ancient and great City in the North of Italy upon the Tyrrhenian Sea it lies in the Form of a Theatre upon the ascent of an Hill opening its Bosom to the Sea five or six Miles in compass so full of stately and regular Buildings Palaces Churches Monasteries c. that its proverbial Epithet in Italy is Genoua la superba and so very ancient that its Original is unknown History makes mention of it above 1800 years ago It is certain it was destroyed by Mago one of Hannibal's Commanders when by the Alpes he entered Italy in the year of Rome 534. about two hundred and sixteen years before the Birth of our Saviour Cornelius Servilius one of the Roman Consuls ordered the rebuilding it sixteen years after its Desolation This City in the end of the first Punick War had greatly shaken Rome it self as Livy relates about the year of Rome 515. But being then subdued and obliged she continued ever after very faithful In the fall of the Roman Empire she had the same fate with her Neighbours and fell under the Herules Goths and Lombards or the Greek Exarches of Ravenna as they prevailed one upon the other In 806. Charles the Great having Conquered the Lombards made Ademar his Kinsman Count of Genoua who got Corfica from the Saracens and united it to this City which has enjoyed that Island ever since In 935 the Saracens took and burnt this City and carried all her People into Captivity but the Duke of Venice brought them back and rebuilt it though others say the Genoese Fleet met these Infidels in their going home and recovered all again after a sharp fight After this they became in a short time by Navigations Commerce and Wars more famous than ever Being grown Wealthy in 1133. Pope Innocent II. made this City an Archbishop's See They deserved this Favour of the Pope by the great Services they by their Fleets performed against the Saracens in the Holy War which began in the year 1096. for which in 1101. they obtained of Baldwin III. part of the Sea-Towns that should be taken in Palestine In the Year 1204. when the Western Christians took Constantinople from the Eastern Emperors the Genouese had a great hand in it Pera was assigned them for that Service a place near Constantinople they were then Masters of Lesbos and Chio and several Islands ' in those Seas and Caffa in the Black Sea in Crim Tartary But aiming to gain Creet too from the Venetians in 1207. there arose a War between the two States which joined with the Genoueses intestine Divisions at last ruined the Greatness of this in 1255. they reduced the Venetians to great streights having taken Chioggia an Island near the City but lost all by demanding more than could be granted In 1260. the Venetians gained another great Victory over them taking twenty four Gallies In 1291. the Venetians took from them Pera and Caffa In 1293. the Tide of Fortune turned the Venetians lost all their Fleet to the Genoueses and another of seventy Ships in 1298. In 1314. the Genouese were beaten by the Venetians and in 1353. reduced to such Streights that they were forced to put themselves under the Protection of the Duke of Milan after which though they recover'd to an Ability of Contesting with the Venetians and beat them in 1401 yet the Turks and their own Divisions at last reduced them to so low an Ebb that they were not able to set out a Fleet. Between the Years 1174. and 1339. they had four dreadful Civil Wars or Broils in the City which contributed very much to their ruin In 1452. Sfortia Duke of Milan possess'd himself of this City In 1563. they were cited to answer for the Expulsion or Banishment of the Marquess of Final by Ferdinando I. Emperor of Germany Selim the Grand Signior Emperor of the Turks beat their Republick out of the Isle of Chios in the year 1571. Besides all these Mutations the French pretend that in 1396. this Republick made over by a formal Grant to Charles VI. of France all the Sovereign Lordship of it and the States depending which was executed and confirmed again to Charles VII in 1458. and from this last Date the French had the Sovereignty of the City till 1528. when Andreas Doria upon the Advantage of the Imprisonment of Francis I. taken by the Forces of Charles V. at the Battle of Pavia restored his Country to its former Liberty Since which this State has had a very great Dependence on the Crown of Spain by reason of his States in Italy at all times preferring the Interests of that Kingdom before all others This so far exasperated Lewis XIV the now French King that in 1674. he sent a Fleet and Bomb'd Genoua in which Action the Ducal Palace was burnt and many other of the noblest in the City and an incredible mischeif done In the end he forced them to send their Duke and four Senators to his Court to make their humble Submissions to him Not that they parted with their Liberty for they are still a Free State nor that they had done him any Injury which they were to acknowledge but either because their Ancestors had revolted above an hundred years agone or because his most Christian Majesty would have it so § The State of Genoua is a Part of Italy anciently call'd Liguria lying upon the Tyrrhenian Sea which bounds it upon the South and West on the East it has the Dukedom of Florence and on the North the Dukedoms of Parma in part and Montisferat in part its length from East to West is one hundred and forty Miles its breadth nevertheless very little Yet that part of it which lies next the Sea is wonderfully fruitful by Nature and made much more so by the Industry of the Inhabitants and has so many Villages and fine Buildings especially towards Genoua that it may seem to be one continued City It is governed as a Common-Wealth under a Duke to continue but two Years and two Senates or Councils This Republick has under it Corsica and Capraia two Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and anciently many other We shall only add to this the Italian Censure upon Genoua Huomini senza Fide Mare senza Pesce Monte senza Legno è Donne senza Vergogna There are Men without Honesty a Sea without Fish Mountains without Wood and Women without Shame Nevertheless this State and City have given three or four Popes to the See of Rome and produced great Persons for all things Their Academy settled at Genoua takes the Title of gli Adormentati Genâ—â—i Melas â— River of the Lesser Armenia which riseth from the Mountains of Argaeus and running Eastward falls into the Euphrates when it has passed the whole Province of Armenia Minor Gentilly a Village within one League of
County is bounded on the North by the Curlew Mountains dividing it from Slego on the East by the River Shannon dividing it from the Counties of Lotrim Longford West-Meath and Kings County on the South by Kings County and Galloway and on the West by the River Suck which parts it from Galloway and Mayo It is of a considerable length viz. sixty English Miles from North to South but not above nineteen where broadest the Soil is level and extremely fruitful so that it abounds with Grass and Corn produced by very little Husbandry Roscomen the principal Town which gives name to it stands upon the River Suck towards the Western Border but near the middle of the County twelve Miles from Athlone to the North-West and thirty three from Galway to the North-East Rosas Rhoda Rhode Rodopolis once a City now only a Castle and a small Town in the County of Roussillon in Catalonia in Spain which has a large Harbour on the Mediterranean Sea very strongly and well fortified taken by the French in 1645. but restored by the Pyrenean Treaty to Spain It stands ten Spanish Leagues from Perpignan to the South This place was first fortified by Charles V. before which it was only a Monastery though in the time of the Romans it had been one of the most considerable Cities in Spain supposed to have been built by the Rhodians before the Romans were Masters of this Kingdom and from them to have taken this name Rosetto Metelis a City of Egypt called by the Turks Raschit by the Italians Rosetto it stands with a Port upon the Mediterranean Sea upon the Mouth of that Branch of the Nile which was anciently called Canopicum now one of the principal Cities of that Kingdom Monsieur Thevenot who travelled from Alexandria hither tells us that it is sixty short Miles This City saith he was anciently called Canopus it lies five Miles up the River from the Sea and is next to Cairo one of the best Cities in Egypt and still encreasing being a place of great Traffick very pleasant surrounded by lovely Gardens and full of well-built tall Houses and in which there is great plenty of Victuals very cheap but in the Months of July and August they have none but Cistern-waters to drink Many pieces of ancient Money have been found in the Sand betwixt Alexandria and this City The Country about it yields Sugar-Canes in plenty Long. 60. 45. Lat. 31. 6. Roseveque a small Town in Flanders famous for a Battel which Charles V. won against the Rebellious Gante-men of whom were slain forty thousand and their General Philip d' Artevill taken and hanged Rosieme Rosima a City in Poland the Capital of Samogithia upon the River Dubissa twelve Polish Miles from Corona to the North thirty from Riga to the South and twenty seven from Vilna to the West this place is little and ill peopled Baudrand writes Rosienie Rosâ— Russia a County in the North of Scotland bounded on the North by Naverina and Sutherland on the South by Murray and Abria on the East by the German and on the West by the Irish Sea Charles I. was Earl of this County in the Life of his Father Rossano Roscianum Ruscianum a City in the Hither Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples which is an Archbishops See and a Principality built upon a Rock incompassed on all sides by Rocks and seated scarce three Miles from the Shoars of the Bay of Taranto sixteen from Bisignano to the East thirty five from Cosenza to the South-East and twelve from Thurium to the South which last being an old City was formerly the Bishops See This Place is great well peopled and was the Birth-place of Pope John VII Rosse Rossa a Town anciently in the Province of Mounster in the County of Cork and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cashell it stands upon the British Channel at the Mouth of a small River called Fin thirty Miles from Cork to the South-West and twenty two from Kinsale to the West The Bishops See in 1618. was united to that of Cork the Town being reduced to a meer Village § There is a Market Town of this name in Herefordshire in the the Hundred of Greytree upon the River Wyc Rossetto See Rosetto Rossillon Ruscinonensis Comitatus a County of Catalonia called by the French Roussillon by the Spaniards Rossillon bounded on the East by the Mediterranean Sea on the North by Languedoc on the West by Ceretania and on the South by Catalonia The Capital of it is Perpignan There are besides in it Leucate Villa Franca Rodes Eâ—na and some other Places of note it extending from East to West eighteen Spanish Leagues This Country was anciently a part of Gallia Narbonensis annexed to Spain in the Times of the Goths had then Earls which were Sovereign Princes of it and on the Death of Gerard the last of them under Alphonsus II. added to Arragon By James I. annexed to the Kingdom of Majorca and recovered back again to that Crown by Pedro IV. By King John II. sold to Lewis XI of France in 1462. and by Charles VIII of France returned back freely to Ferdinando on condition he should not obstruct his Conquest of the Kingdom of Naples in 1493. It continued under that Crown till 1659. when Lewis XIII retook it by his Arms. and had the Possession confirmed by the Pyrenean Treaty There are three considerable Rivers watering it the Tet the Tech and the Egli Rostock Rostocium Rostochium Raciburgum Rhodopolis Rosarum or Rosarium Vrbs a City in the Lower Saxony upon the Baltick Sea in the Dukedom of Meckleburg in Germany which is a Free Imperial City and has an Harbour made by the River Warna on which it stands eight Miles from Wisemar to the East and eleven from Stralsundt to the West It is under the Protection of the Dukes of Meckleburg by whose Ancestors it was built about 329. and walled by another about 1160. It s Ancient Name was Rostzoch or Rotzoch which signifies a Miry Ground Ericus King of Denmark conquered this Territory about 1286. Christopher III. his Successor in 1322. restored it to the Duke of Meckleburg Waldemarus IV. granted this City and its Territory to Albert Duke of Meckleburg in 1360. Aâ—bert another Duke in 1416. founded an University here which was opened three years after It is about five Miles in compass and almost equal to Lubeck A Sedition arising in this City in 1573. against the Duke he entred it in Arms and treated the Senate with great severity In 1629. it was with the whole Dutchy of Mecklenburg taken by the Imperialists out of whose hands it was recovered by the Swedes Octob. 16. 1631. Long. 34. 20. Lat. 54 20. Rostow Rostovia a great City in Russia which is the Capital of a Dukedom of the same Name and an Archbishops See It stands upon the River Cotorea having a Fortress of Wood twenty six Miles from the Wolga to the South and thirty four from Mosco to the
almost Desert by reason of the Sands and venomous Creatures and want of Water it is almost twice as big as Europe Afrique Africa the Aphrodisium of the Antients a Town and Port in Barbary in the Kingdom of Tunis 20 Leagues from Mahometa Charles V. took it from the King of Morocco and demolish'd it Aga or Agag a Kingdom with a City of the same Name in the Upper Aethiopia Agades a Kingdom with a City of the Name in Nigritia in Africa tributary to the King of Tombut Agan or Pagan an Islet in the Eastern Ocean betwixt Chomocoan and Guagan where the famous Portegueze Magellan was assassinated as he was going in search of the Moluccaes Aganara or Aganagare a City on this side the Ganges in the East-Indies remembred by Ptolomy Aganippe a Fountain in Boeotia in Greece celebrated by the antient Poets Agaosi a People in the Kingdom of Bagamedri in the Upper Aethiopia The Agarens or Hagarens a People of Arabia Foelix descended from Agar and Ismael who went to war with the Tribes of Ruben Gad and Manasse in the time of Saul Their capital City is called after their own Name Agarena or Agranum When they revolted from the Roman Empire under Trajan that Emperor attempted the Reduction of them without success and since Mahomet was born amongst them they have been of his Religion Agarus Sagaris a River of the European Sarmatia which falls into the Danube in Moldavia now call'd Stiret according to Ortelius Agathyrse Agatyrium Agathyrna an antient City and Promontory in Sicily The Promontory is the same with that they now call Cape d'Orlando Agathyrses an antient People of Scythia applauded by Historians for their Hospitality to one another Agde a City in Languedoc in France the Bishop of which is a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Narbone It is a fine and well built place seated at the mouth of the River Eraud which there falls into the Mediterranean Sea Agdus a famous Rock upon the Frontiers of Phrygia in Asia Minor Agen a City and Bishoprick in Guienne in France under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux and the Capital of the County of Agennois which gives the Title of an Earl It stands upon the Garonne where it receives on the opposite side the River L'Egers It is large beautiful and one of the best Cities of Aquitain being also the Birth-place of Joseph Scaliger about 15 Leagues from Bourdeaux to the North-East Aggerhuis a Province of Norway so called from a Castle in it It is bounded on the East with the Kingdom of Sweden on the South with the Sound on the West with the County of Bergen and on the North with that of Drontheim from which last it is separated by the Mountain Sevone It reacheth in length from the North to the South 240 Miles The chief Cities of it are Ansloga Fredericstad Saltzbeg and Tonâ—bâ—g The whole of it is under the King of Denmark Agion Oros Athos a Mountain in Macedonia in the Province of Jamboli call'd by the Italians il Monte Santo by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Holy Mount It runs into the Aegean Sea like a Peninsula it is joyned to the Continent by a Neck of Land of an Italian Mile and half which Herodotus saith was cut through by Xerxes It is 90 Miles in compass called by the Turks Scididag and Monastir by reason of the vast numbers of Monasteries in it being about 24 Cloisters of Caloirs or Greek Monks the chief of which are Garopedos and Agias Laura in which two are 600 Monks in all 5000. Most of these Monasteries are fortified to secure them from Pirats From hence the Patriarch of Constantinople fetches most of the Bishops he needs for his Patriarchate it being now the School or University of all Greece the Monks are all of the Order of S. Basil This Mountain lies between the Bay of Strymon on the North and that of Singo to the South Agira Agurium Argirium and Agnina Vrbs is a City in Sicily near Mount Aetna The Birth-place of Diodorus Siculus now called San Philippo d'Argirone Aglie a celebrated Castle in the Province of Canavois in Savoy which gives a Name to one of the most illustrious Houses in that Country Agmet the Emere of Ptolomy an antient City in the Province of Marocco sometime the Seat of that Empire and very populous and strong before Marocco was built Agmundesham a Corporation seated upon a small River which falls into the Isis a little above Vxbridge in the County of Bucks It sends two Burgesses to our Parliament and is not otherwise remarkable to my knowledge It stands 9 Miles from Vxbridge to the North-West and about 8 from Maidenhead to the North-East Agnabet or Agnetlin one of the principal Towns of Transylvania seated upon the River Harbach which falls into the Alt. In this place Q. Isabella assembled a Diet for the preservation of her Son which Martinsius dissolved and began a War upon his Master which ended in both their ruins Agno Clanus a River of Campania in Italy call'd afterwards Liris it riseth in Mount Tiphate and flowing West between Avella and Nola entereth Terra di Lavoro makes the Lake of Linterna and at last ends in the Sea of Tuscany between the Ruins of Cuma and the Mouth of the River Voltorno Agnone a Town in the Province of Abruzzo in Italy understood by some to be the antient Aquilonia Agobel a City in the Kingdom of Tremissen in Barbary understood by some to be the Victoria of Ptolomy Also another in the Province of Hea in the Kingdom of Marocco Agol a City in the Upper Aethiopia towards the Mountain Amara Agore Agorum a small City upon the River Cordevol in the Dominions of the Republick of Venice Agouges or D'Agouges a small River of Auvergne in France which falls into the Allier a little above San Porzain Agouste Augusta a City in Sicily built by Frederick the Emperor in 1229 upon a Peninsula which in the last Age was turned into a little Isle with a Bridge to communicate betwixt it and the Continent It has a very large Haven defended by 3 Cittadels to the Sea Taken by the French in 1675. and abandon'd by them in 1678. Agout Acutus a small River in Languedoc in France washing the two Cities of Castres and Lavaur it falls into the River Tarne Agra or Agara a new City seated in a Province of the same Name in India beyond Ganges It is the Capital of the Moguls Empire and his residence a rich and beautiful City built by Ekebar one of his Predecessors in the last Age upon the River Gemini It is of a vast circuit and adorned with a stately Palace on the other side of the River lies another City called Serandra which is well built and but a kind of Suburb to Agra Agragas See Gergenti Agramont Agramontium a Town in Catalonia in the Plain of Vrgel between Solsona and Lerida Agreable an Island in the Kingdom of Fez form'd by the
and possessed themselves of Bavaria Upon which the Insubres and Cenomani yielded in 431. and became subject to the Romans The Provincia Romana was conquered in part by Fulvius Flaccus in 627. The Remainder in 631. by Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus and the three other Provinces by Julius Caesar between 694. and 697. fifty three years before the Birth of our Saviour A part of these Galls under Brennus about 474. made their way through Greece and settled in Gallo-Graecia or Galacia in the Lesser Asia though it is much more probable this Expedition was immediately after the taking of Rome But now to give an exact Account of all the several People contained under this Name their Laws Rites Customs Governments and Bounds would too much exceed the Limits set me in this Work Gallipoli Callipolis a City of Thrace upon the Bosphorus called by the Turks Geliboli which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Heraclea and the Seat of the Turkish Admiral or Captain Bassa of his Gallies It is great populous well traded and has an Haven a Castle and a good Magazine well furnished This Town stands on the West side of the Hellespont not over against Lampasco but a little more North neither walled nor well built within the Houses being all of Earth and Timber and low the Streets narrow sometimes covered with Boards to keep off the Heat of the Sun yet said to be six Miles in Compass and to have four or five thousand Christian Inhabitants amongst others There is little to be seen in it of its ancient Splendor and Elegance It stands upon a Peninsula having upon the North and South two Bays for Gallies and Boats of which the Southern seems best for Ships This City is one hundred and ten Miles South of Constantinople and five from the Shoars of Asia Long. 54. 30. Lat. 42. 16. § Gallipoli Gallipolis Anxa a City of the Kingdom of Naples in the Terra di Otranto built on a Rock upon the Western Shoar in the Bay of Taranto thirty six Miles from that City and in an Island which is only joined to the Continent by a Bridge supported by huge massy Stones Small but well fortified and populous with a good Haven a strong Castle and good Walls it is a Bishops See but his Diocese is bounded by the Walls of the City and he is under the Archbishop of Taranto Long. 42. 12. Lat. 39. 58. Galloway Novantae Gallovidia Galdia is a large County in the South of Scotland over against Munster in Ireland from which it is separated by a Channel of only fifteen Scotch Miles in breadth Bounded on the West with the Sea on the South with Solway Fyrth which separates it from Cumberland on the East with Nithesdale and on the North with Carrick and Kile it takes its name from the Welsh who for a long time maintained this County against the Scots and Picts calling themselves Gaels and in the Writers of the middle Ages it is accordingly called Gael-Wallia the Country is every where swelled into Hills better for Pasture than Corn but well supplied with Fish both from the Sea and Fresh-water-Lakes of which there are many at the foot of the Hills The principal River is the Dee called Dea by Ptolomy The principal Town is Withern Candida Casa which is a Bishops See and one of the first erected in this Kingdom by Nina a Britain the Apostle of the Nation of the Picts Upon the Coast of this County there is a narrow Isthmus call'd the Mule of Galloway it is the same with the Novantum Chersonesus of the Antients and lies in 55 d. 10 m. of North Lat. The most Southern point of all Scotland The Galloper Sand is a Shallow ten Leagues from the Mouth of the Thames to the East upon which the brave Ship the Prince was unfortunately run a-ground and lost June 4. 1666. Sir George Ayscue the Commander being taken by the Dutch who were then engaged with the English Fleet and carried Prisoner into Holland Gallway Duaca Gallica is a County in the West of Ireland in the Province of Conaught bounded on the North by the County of Mayo on the East by the River Shannon which parts it from Roscommon and Kings County on the South with Clare and on the West with the Ocean a Country fruitful both as to Corn and Pasture Here is the Lake of Corbes twenty Miles long and three or four broad § The principal City is Gallway Galliva called by the Irish Gallive the Capital City of the County of Gallway and the third in the whole Kingdom of Ireland situate near the fall of the Lake of Corbes a neat strong Place built almost round and walled with Stones it has a Bishop's See and a delicate and safe Harbor called the Bay of Gallway capable of a vast Fleet and secured on the West by five Islands The fertility of the County in which it stands affording plenty of Goods for Exportation the Inhabitants of this City in Mr. Cambden's time had made great Improvements by their Navigation and much enriched themselves This City being so remote from England and very strong at first in the Rebellion against King Charles I. stood a kind of Neuter and would neither admit the Irish nor the English but when they saw the Irish were Masters of the greatest part of the Kingdom it joined with them in their Rebellion The Pope's Legate made this a kind of Seat of his Government till about the year 48. he was besieged here by the Irish who began then to favour the Royal Interest which he opposed to the utmost and at last despairing of all Relief he submitted and left the Island Not long after this was one of the first Places that paid its Obedience and Respect to the Earl of Ormond the King's Deputy But it was too late for in 1651. Ireton having taken Limerick after a long Siege this Town being immediately attacked by those victorious Forces under the Command of Sir Charles Coot an Oliverian Captain and their Harbour filled with Parliament Ships of War and no hopes of Relief they yielded themselves to the mercy of the Rebels who revenged the Injuries of a Prince which they themselves had murdered upon this wealthy but then wretched City Thus saith my Author Dr. Bates Gallway the greatest place of Trade in all Ireland the best fortified abounding in noble Buildings Riches and plenty of Inhabitants which had had such benefit by their Maritim Commerce was forced to submit to the Yoke of an Enemy after she had refused her Assistance to her Lawful Prince in denying a Supply to the Lieutenant And as if War alone had not been a sufficient Chastisement the Plague followed the Sword and cut off in the space of eighteen Months twelve thousand of the Inhabitants The Irish had the Possession of this Place and held it out for King James II. till the last Summer 1691. Galofaro the same with Charibdis Gambay Gambia a vast River of Africa in Nigritia
of a different both Stature and Humour from the rest of France which is not much to be wondered at considering the English Nation for three hundred years together were possess'd of this Country See Gascoigne The principal Rivers of it are the Garonne and the Dordonne which meet at Retraicte and in one Channel fall into the Ocean The chief Cities are Bourdeaux Baionne and Dax or D'Acqs Guienne is thought to be but a Corruption of Aquitania which was the Roman Name for it then enlarged to a sar greater Extent Guilan or Guilao the Hyrcanian Sea Guilford the Capital Town of the County of Surrey in the Hundred of Woking which returns two Members to the House of Commons It is pleasantly situated upon the River Wey containing three Parishes well frequented accommodated and handsom The Saxon Kings had a Royal Mansion here in whose time it was a Place of greater Extent The Ruins of a large old Castle near the River remain yet to be seen In the year 1660. King Charles II created Elizabeth Viscountess of Kinelmalky in Ireland Countess of this Place for her Life In 1674. the Title of Earl of Guilford was granted by the same King to John Maitland the late Duke of Lautherdale in Scotland After whom the late Lord Francis North received the Title of Baron Guilford from the same King also S. Guillain Gislenopolis a Town in Hainault which has a Monastery belonging to it Taken by the French in 1654. and retaken by the Spaniards in 1656. Guimaranes Catraleucos Vimananum Egita Araduca once a City and frequently mentioned as such now a small Village in Entre Douero è Minho in Portugal three Leagues from Braga towards the East This was the Place where S. Damasus one of the ancient Popes was born Guinee Guinea a very great Country on the Western Shoars of Africa which by the Portuguese the first Discoverers of it is divided into two Parts the Upper and the Lower The Upper Guinee is bounded with Nigritia on the North the Atlantick Ocean on the South and has the Kingdom of Congo on the East and the Mountains of Leon on the West It is a very fruitful Country in Gold Ivory Sugar Cotton Rice c. of a great Extent from East to West and much frequented by the European Ships It is divided into three Parts Guinee properly so called which lies in the middle Malâ—gueta which lies to the West and the Kingdom of Beni which lies to the East § Guinee properly so called is a very large Country in Africa upon the Shoars of the Ocean between Malegueta to the West from which it is separated by the Cape of Palmes and the Kingdom of Beni to the East from which it is divided by the River de la Volta It is divided into la Coste d'or which lies East between the Rivers Asien and la Volta and la Coste des Dents which lies West between the Cape of Palmes and the River Asien by which it is parted from the former On the Coste d'or are many Castles belonging to the English Swedes Danes and Hollanders This Country was discovered in 1365. by the French as is pretended Baudrand But in the dismal Wars between the English and French under Charles VI and VII they were forc'd to omit the Prosecution of this Navigation Hofman It is much more probable and better attested that it was discovered in 1452 by Henry Duke of Visco Son of John I. King of Portugal But then the Spaniards in 1477. pursued this Discovery and till 1479 excluded the first Discoverers who regaining the Trade in the Island of S. George built he the strong Fort or Town of Mina in 1486. to secure their Trade there for the future and command all the rest of this Coast Which was the first Place built by the Europeans on this Coast New-Guinee this Country has not been hitherto so far discovered as that we know whether it be an Island or a Part of the Continent of the Terra Australis It is separated from Terra de Papaous which lies East of Ceram and Gilolo in the East-Indies in 51 deg of Southern Lat. by a narrow Straight of the Sea Guinegat a small Town in Artois made famous by a great Defeat of the French Forces by the Flandrians in 1479. by which Victory Maximilian the Emperor then married to Mary the Daughter of Charles the Hardy the last Duke of Burgundy recovered Tournay out of the Hands of the French and settled the Low-Countries in the House of Austria It lies three French Miles from S Omar to the South the same from Renty to the East and two from Ayre to the West Guines a fine Town two Miles East of Calais and the Capital of a County of the same Name having Boulonois on the South and East Terre d'Oye on the North and the German Sea or Streights of Calais on the East This County was of old a Part of Boulonois and the Town belonged then to Picardy King Edward III. of England possessed himself of both in 1351. to whom afterwards they were confirmed by a Treaty in 1360. And in the Reign of Charles VI. of France lost again to that Crown Guipuscoa Ipuscoa now a Province but once a Kingdom in Spain In the middle Times annexed to the Kingdom of Navar but now separated from it and united to Biscay By which it is bounded on the West on the South it has Aâ—ava on the North the Bay of Biscay and the Kingdom of Navar on the East The principal Cities in it are Tolosa which is the Capital S. Sebastian and Fontarabie It is about thirty six Miles in Compass anciently peopled by the Cantabri a hardy and a valiant People This Country was wrested from the Crown of Navar in 1079. by Alphonsus I King of Castile but it was restored again and continued under that Crown till 1200. when it revolted to Castile again and ever since it has been united to Biscay Guir Dirus a River of Mauritania Guise Guisa Guisia a Town in Picardy in France in the Territory of Tierache which has a Castle seated upon the River Oise in the Confines of Hainault nine Miles from Cambray to the South five from la Fere to the North-East and about seventeen from Amiens to the East This Town was besieged by the Spaniards without any Success in 1650. But that which made it most remarkable was the Dukes of Guise who in former times had a very great Hand in all the Affairs of France from the Reign of Francis I. to that of Henry IV. This Family was a Branch of the House of Lorrain advanced by Francis I. in 1528. from Counts or Earls of Guise which was their Inheritance to Dukes of the same Place The first thus raised was Claude the Son of Renate II. He had eight Sons of which were Francis Duke of Guise Claudius Duke of Aumale and Renatus Marquess of Ellebove Francis became very famous by his defence of Mets against Charles V.
are its principal Commodities See Senega La Ielle Gala a small River of France which falls into the Guaronne Iamagorod Jama a strong Castle anciently belonging to the Russ and accounted the Key of that Kingdom but in 1617 resigned to the Swedes It is seated on a River called Iamische Reck three German Miles from Narva in Livonia See Narva Iamaica a very great Island in North America first discovered by Columbus and called thus in Honor of S. James It was found out by him in his second Voyage to America whilst he sailed about Cuba In his third Voyage he suffered Shipwrack upon it and the Spaniards ungratefully designed to have suffered him to perish out of pure envy but he found the Natives more kind than they Whereupon he landed and fell to Plant it building the Town of Metilla which they deserted soon after and built Sevil ten Leagues more West In 1509 the Natives rebelled against Didacus the Son of Columbus but were subdued In 1590 the Spaniards built S. Jago and deserted Sevil. In 1638 one Jackson an English Man with a Fleet of English Privateers surprized and plundered S. Jago then left it to the Spaniards again The time being come when the Spaniards were to pay for their Ingratitude to Columbus and their Cruelty to the Natives some Millions of which they had barbarously murdered the English under Penn and Venables Landed here about twenty thousand strong being mostly necessitous Persons who had been undone by our then Tyrant and the Times May 3. 1655. The Spaniards unable to resist so great a force retired into the Woods and Fastnesses hoping to retrieve what they thus left by a Treaty but it proved otherwise For part of the English fell to Plant the rest to Privateer upon the Spaniards by which they got Wealth and the Fame of this so increased that many going over to them it became in a few years a very powerful Colony now able alone to manage a War against all the Forces the Spaniards have in the West-Indies This Island is situate between seventeen and eighteen degrees of North Lat. within the Tropicks in the Mare del Nort one hundred and forty Leagues North of the Main Continent of America fifteen South from Cuba twenty West from Hispaniola and one hundred and forty from Carthagena Nova It is of an Oval Form one hundred and seventy Miles long seventy in breadth and contains four or five Millions of Acres Nine hundred thousand of which were Planted in 1675. In the middle there is a lofty Chain of Mountains which run the whole length of the Isle from East to West from which spring plenty of pleasant and useful Rivers to the great refreshment and convenience of the Inhabitants It has a very rich fat Soil black and mixed with Clay except in the South-West Parts where it is generally a more loose Earth it every where answers the Planter's Care and Cost The Air is always serene and clear the Earth in her Summer Livery here being a perpetual Spring It has frequent Showers of Rain constant cooling Breezes of Wind from the East the Dews in the Night quicken the Growth of what is Planted so that it is the most delightful temperate healthful pleasant Island of all those in the West-Indies and will be extremely considerable when it comes to be thorowly Peopled The principal Towns in it are Port Royal built by the English S. Jago and Sevilla The Earl of Inchequin and the Duke of Albemarle two late Governours both of them here died Iamaistero or Jamaisoit a very large County in the West Part of the Island of Nivon or Niphonia belonging to Japan under which are ordinarily computed twelve Provinces or Kingdoms Iamama a City of Arabia Foelix upon the River Astan which falls into the Mouth of the Euphrates and Tigris about thirty German Miles South of Balsera Jamama stands towards the Borders of Arabia deserta two hundred and fifty Miles from the Persian Gulph to the West and seventy German Miles from Balsera to the South-West Long. 77. 30. Lat. 27. 00. Iamba a Province under the Great Mogul towards the River Ganges between Patna to the East Naugracut to the North Lahor to the West and Bakar to the South the City of Jamba from which it takes its Name stands eighty Miles from Ganges to the East towards Lahor Iamby or Jambis a Sea-Port Town and a Kingdom of no great extent in the Island of Sumatra towards the Eastern Part of it The Town stands towards Palimban within five or six Miles of the Sea driving a notable Commerce Iambol Joannipolis a City in Bulgaria Iamboli Chalcis Chalcidica Regio a Province in the North of Macedonia between Thessalonica the Arm of the Sea which runs up to it the Archipelago and Thrace The chief Towns of which are Thessalonica Amphipolis and Contessa Iames Bay a Bay in Virginia Iames Town Jacobipolis the principal City or Town in Virginia upon the River Pawhatan near its fall into the North Sea begun by the English about 1607 and honoured with this Name from King James I. § Another in the Country of Letrim in the Province of Connaught in Ireland so called from King James I. its Founder upon the Shannon well Walled but almost wholly ruined as to its Buildings in the Wars against King Charles the First and Second Iam-suqueam or Nanquin a River of China Iametz a strong place in Lorain yielded to the French King in 1632. It stands upon a little River in the Confines of the Province of Luxemburgh between Monmedy to the North and Damvillers to the South thirteen Miles from Metz to the West now dismantled Iancoma a Kingdom in the East-Indies beyond the Ganges under the King of Pegu it stands between the Rivers Mecon to the East and Menan to the West Ianeiro or Rio de Janaira a River the same with Ganabara in Brasil see Ganabara It gives its Name to a Province under the Portuguese in that Country whereof S. Sebastian is the Capital Ianiculus mons a Hill or Mountain beyond the Tiber in the vicinage of Rome yielding by its eminence an excellent prospect of that City and famous in History for the Sepulchre of King Numa Pompilius the encampment of Porsenna King of Etruria upon it whil'st he besieg'd Rome and for the Martyrdom of S. Peter Now call'd Montorio because its earth is of the colour of Gold Ianna a part of Greece some say Epirus others Thessalia Ianinnina Cassiope a City of Epirus Iannizari Promontorium Sigeium a Cape at the entrance of the Streights of Gallipoli or the Hellespont in Asia within half a League whereof the Rivers Scamander and Simois in an United Stream discharge themselves into the Ocean The Greeks wholly inhabit a plentiful Village upon it call'd by them Troyasis or Little Troy but by the Turks Giaour-kioy or the Village of Infidels this being the best Name the Turks give to Christian places where there are no Mosques The delightful Country of Troas is
in 1537. and was presently suppressed taken and beheaded with his five Uncles In 1539. O-Neal began another Rebellion but so soon as Thomas Earl of Sussex Lord Lieutenant came against him with an Army the Gentleman grew humble submitted and was pardoned He flew out again in 1563. burnt the Cathedral of Armagh and besieged Dundalk but with no success In 1565. Sir Henry Sidney Lord Lieutenant went against him and in a Fight broke his Forces so that flying to the Scots whom he had likewise injured in 1567. he was assassinated in cold blood and presently after attained in Parliament and the Title of O-Neal abolished The Earl of Desmond was the next who in 1579. calling in the Spaniards began another Rebellion which ended ill for him the Spaniards being driven out the year after and this Earl taken and slain in 1583. In 1595. Tir-Oen who had done great Service against the Earl of Desmond and was highly favoured by Queen Elizabeth most ungratefully began a Rebellion the most dangerous of all the other this Earl having been bred in the Queens Service and learned Military Diâ—cipline from the English which he now made use of against them In 1598. he defeated the English at Blackwater In 1599. brought the Earl of Essex to condescend to a Treaty with him In 1601. he brought the Spaniards over to his Assistance who took and garrisoned Kinsale which was retaken by Sir Charles Blunt afterwards Lord Montjoy and the Spaniards totally driven out whereupon Tir-Oen submitted and was brought over by the Lord Lieutenant to King James I. in 1603. This War lasted eight years and might have proved fatal to the English if God had not prevented it After this I find no general Insurrection of the Irish till 1641. when seeing Charles I. engaged in War with the Scots at home they on a sudden rose up and assassinated two hundred thousand English in a few days when no body suspected any such thing This Insurrection began September 3. The Troubles of England gave them some respit but in 1649. and fifty Oliver Cromwell began their Chastisement so effectually that Ireton and those he left to carry it on erected mournful Trophies of the Divine Vengeance against them with no great expence of Time Blood or Treasure it missed but a little that the Irish Name and Nation had been totally extirpated Charles II. upon his Restitution in 1660. shewed them more Mercy restored such as had any pretences of Loyalty to plead for their Estates and governed them all his time with so much Clemency that this Nation never was in a better State since they fell under the English than at the time of the Death of that Good Prince Irenopolis an ancient City of Cilicia in Asia Minor Afterwards called Neronias and made an Episcopal See some write under the Archbishop first of Selencia then of Anazarbus Others place an Episcopal City of this Name near Babylon under the Patriarch of Antioch Iris Eurotas a River in the Morea which washeth Misitra and falls into the Gulph di Colochina on the South side of the Morea It is now called Vasilipotamo or Basilipotamo that is the Kings River § Another in Cappadocia understood by Valerius Flaccus where he says longisque sluens amfractibus Iris now called Casalmach See Casalmach Irneo Vindius Hirmius a Ledge of Mountains in Spain commonly called El monte de las Asturas the Mountain of the Asturas which is a Branch of the Pyrenean Hills running out to the West between the Asturas to the North and the Kingdom of Leon to the South the greatest is called Irneo or Erneo and also Cueto de Hano or Ori. Iroquois a valiant Nation of Indians in New France in the North America They have maintained divers bloody Wars with the French there and are the particular Enemies of the Hurons another salvage people of the same Country Irus a Mountain mentioned by Arrian upon the Shoars of the River Indus towards Gedrosia Is an ancient Town of Susiana in Asia eight days journey from Babylon upon a River of the same Name which discharges its Streams into the Euphrates Both remembred by Herodotus and Stephanus Isauria a Province according to the ancient division of Asia Minor now thrown into a part of Caramania and subject to the Turks It s Capital City was Isauropolis or Isauria by Ammianus Marcellinus called Claudiopolis now Saura Publius Servilius first reduced this Province under the Dominion of the Romans whence he attained the Title of Isauricus Claudian thus mentions them and him Indomites curru Servilius egit Isauros Historians write of their Incursions into the Roman Empire in the fourth and fifth Centuries Iscariot a Village of the Tribe of Ephraim or as others say Dan in Palestine not far from Samaria to the East The Birth-place of the traiterous Judas Ischar Jatrus a River of Bulgaria which riseth out of Mount Hemus and watering Ternova a City of that Province falls into the Danube at Suistefo It is the third River from the Western Border and now more usually called Iantra Ischeboli or Ischepoli Scopelus an Inland City of Thrace made a Bishops See by Leo the Emperour under the Archbishop of Adrianople I suppose it is the same with that which is now called Ipsola Ischia Aenaria Inarime Pithecusa an Island on the Coast of the Kingdom of Naples near the Bay of Puteolum not above three Miles from the Shoar to the West It s Circuit is of twenty Miles of old called Inarime and by the Greeks Pithecusa It has a City of the same Name well fortified with a Castle built on a Rock in which Ferdinando King of Naples found shelter during the storm brought upon him by Charles VIII of France who in 1495. conquered this whole Kingdom in a few days This City is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Naples eighteen Miles from Naples to the West Claudius Nepos a Frenchman in 1586. published an exact Map and Description of this Island which is inserted into the Description of Italy published by Antonius Maginus Iscodar the Turkish Name of Scutari or Scodra Idenstein a County in Weteraw a Territory in the Upper Circle of the Rhine between Hassia to the East and the Rhine to the West by some Isembourg Isakal Lein Alschemes Busiris Ramesses a ruined old City in Egypt within the Delta the ruins of which are so called Isenberg Isidis Mons a Mountain in Schwaben near Ausburgh Isendyck Isendium a small but strong Town upon the Sea Coast in Flanders over against Biervliet a Town belonging to the Hollanders This Town stands upon the Scheld three French Leagues from Sluys to the East and something above four from Middleburgh to the South and was fortified by the Spaniards against the Dutch Isenach See Eysenach Isenghien Isegemium a Castle in Flanders in the Territory of Courtray which gives the Title of an Earl or Count to the Family of Vilnia It is now under the French two Leagues from Courtray towards Bruges
Basil Pierreport and Botzberg more South Schafmat and by the Swiss Leerberg Iurat a part of the Mountain Jura which lies between Burgundy and Switzerland also called Jurten Iurea Eporedia called Vrbs Salassiorum by Ptolemy and Eporaedio by Antoninus in his Itinerary at this day Jurea by the Inhabitants Jurée by the French is a City of Piedmont in Italy the Capital of the Territory of Canavese and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Turin seated upon the River Doria Duria which falls into the Po beneath Rivarotta between Chivas to the West and Casal to the East thirty Italian Miles from Turin to the North and twenty five from Aoust to the South-West This City has been under the Duke of Savoy ever since 1313. who has taken care to fortifie it very well it has also an ancient Castle and a Stone Bridge over the River Doria The French took it in 1554. during the Wars of Italy It has of ancient time given the Title of a Marquess Iuriogrod See Derpt Iustinopolis or Justiniana See Achrida Cabo di Istria and Giustandil Iutland Jutia Cimbrica Chersonesus is a very great Province of the Kingdom of Denmark extended in the form of a vast Peninsula from North to South and only joined to the Continent at the South end where Holstein a part of this Promontory joins it to Germany on the West it has the German Ocean on the North and East the Baltick Sea It is divided into the Northern and Southern Jutland The Northern Jutland is divided into four Dioceses viz. Rypen Arhusen Alborch and Wisborch this part is under the King of Denmark the Southern is divided into three viz. Sleswick Flensborg and Hadersleben this is under the Duke of Sleswick who is of the Blood Royal of Denmark Charles Gustavus King of Sweden took Jutland in his late Wars and thence passed over the Ice into the Neighbouring Islands It was the Country most suppose of the ancient Cimbri Ixar a small Town in the Kingdom of Arragon upon the River Martinium twelve Miles from Sarragoza to the South which gives the Title of a Duke Ixe a Kingdom on the South of Japan Iyo a Province in Japan in Xicoca towards the West of it and the Island Ximoam which has in it a Town of the same Name K A. KAchemire a Kingdom in the Estates of the Great Mogul along the Mountain Caucasus towards the Kingdom of Lahor and the Borders of Indostan with a City its Capital of the same name The City is all built of Wood unwalled traversed by a River over which it has two Bridges and near a great Lake four or five Leagues in circuit falling into the same The Country affords excellent Pasturage about thirty Leagues long and twelve broad Kaimachites a Province or Tribe amongst the Asian Tartars by the great River Ghamma between Mongal to the North and the Kingdoms of Thibet and Tangut These People give Name to that part of the Ocean which bordereth upon them Kalisch Calisia a City in the Kingdom of Poland built upon the River Prosna which a little lower falls into the Warta five German Miles from the Confines of Silesia and twelve from Breslaw to the North-East It is the Capital of a Palatinate in that Kingdom and suffered very much from the Swedes in the year 1657. Kalmar See Calmar Kalmintz Celemantia called by Ptolemy the Town of the Quades is now a Village in Austria not far from the Fountains of the River Teye in the Consines of Moravia thirty Miles saith Baudrand from Zuaian a Town of Moravia to the West Kalmouchs a People or Tribe of the Grand Tartary toward the Coast of the Caspian Sea Kam the ancient Name of Egypt Kamenieck Camienick Camenecia Clepidava Camenecum a strong City in the Vkraine in the Kingdom of Poland which is the Capital of Podolia The Poles call it Kaminieck Podelsski It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lemberg and stands upon a Mountain by the River Smotrzyck which a little lower falls into the Neister thirty Miles from Lemberg to the South-East eighty from Warsaw and one hundred and seventy from Constantinople towards the Frontiers of Moldavia The Turks very often attempted this Place without any success but having suffered much by Fire in 1669. and being thereupon in 1672. besieged by them it was taken the Poles being then engaged in a Civil War amongst themselves and the Town not in a condition to defend it self The Cossacks under the Command of the Sieur Mohila blocked it up in April 1687. The Polish Army offered to attack it about September following but upon the Approach of the Ottoman Forces they were both of them forced to retire the Polish Army kept it in a manner blocked up by their Encampment in September 1688. About a Month after they left the Tartars to put a Convoy of Provisions into the Place In 1689. August 20. the Forces as well of Lithuania as Poland under the Command of the great General of Poland setting down before it began a formal Attack till on the eighth of September following being crossed with ill success they raised the Siege Kaniow Kaniovia a strong Town in Poland upon the Nieper where the River Ross falls into it in the Palatinate of Kiovia It lies seven German Miles from Czyrcassis to the North West twenty seven from Kiovia to the South-East and upon the same side of the River This Town is one of the strong Places which belongs to the Cossacks Kanisa Canisia a Town of the Lower Hungary seated upon the River Sala in the County of Zalad between the Lake of Balaton and the Drave not above one Mile from the Confines of Stiria to the East This was taken by the Turks in 1600. though the Imperialists did all that was possible to prevent it the year following the Arch-Duke of Austria besieged it from the beginning of September to the end of October without any success In 1664. Count Serini besieged it and had infallibly carried it if he had been succoured in time In 1688. June 30. the Count de Budiani blockaded it with a Body of six thousand Hungarians and two thousand Heydukes which continued till April 13. 1690. when in pursuance of a Capitulation that the Emperour had ratified the Keys of the Gates hanging upon a Chain of Gold were delivered to the Count de Budiani by a Turk saying I herewith consign into your hands the strongest Fortress in the Ottoman Empire The Imperialists found in it great store of large Artillery taken heretofore from the Christians and some with old German Inscriptions Kargapol Cargapolia a City in Muscovy in the Western parts of that Kingdom near the Lake of Onega between the Confines of Sweden and the Dwina there is a Lake and a River of the same Name belonging to this City Karkessa a Town in Arabia Deserta Karn Taurn a Mountain in Carinthia Karnwaldt a Forest in Switzerland Karopnitze Orbelus a Mountain in Macedonia which is a Spur of
is very strongly fortified and has a Castle on a Hill upon the River Eger in the Confines of Misnia four Miles from Eger or Heb another City of Bohemia to the East eighteen from Prague and as many from Dresden Lomaigne Leomania a Tract or Country in Aquitain or Gascony the principal Town of which is Vi◠de Lomaigne it lies between the County of Armagnac Verdun and the Garonne by which it is parted from the County of Agenois Loman a River in Devonshire which falls into the Ex by Tiverton in that County Lombardy Lombardia Longobardia is a considerable Country in the North of Italy under which is contained the greatest part of Gallia Cisalpina It is divided into two the Higher and the Lower Lombardy In the Higher are Piedmont with what is annexed to it the Dukedoms of Milan and Montisferat in the Lower are the Dukedoms of Mantua Modena and Parma with the Western parts of the State of Venice viz. The Territories of Bergamo Brescia Cremona Verona and Vicenza also the Dukedoms of Ferrara with the Territory of Bononia or Bologna which are in the States of the Church and now under the Pope The Italians also divide it into Lombardia di qua dal Po and Lombardia di la dal Po i. e. Lombardy on each side the Po. This was that Kingdom of the Lombards Langobardi or Longobardi in Italy which Charles the Great ruined after he had at Pavie taken Desiderius their last King Prisoner The principal City of this Kingdom was Milan This Kingdom was erected in 578. Isaacson placeth its beginning in 393. with whom Helvicus agrees Agelmond being their first King before whom they had Dukes it continued so under eleven Princes that is in Pannonia or Hungary not in Italy They came into Italy in 568. And their Kingdom continued there under twenty one Princes till 774 when Carlous Magnus Dethroned as was said In all two hundred and six Years Lombez Lombaria or Lumbaria a small City in Aquitain in France in the County of Cominges upon the River Sava which falls into the Garonne four Miles beneath Tolose Lombes stands five Leagues from the Garonne to the North eight from Aux to the South-East and ten from Tolose to the South-West Made a Bishops See by Pope John XXII who at the same time erected its ancient Abbey into a Cathedral under the Archbishop of Tolose in 1317. But little and not well inhabited The Albigenses were excommunicated in a Council here Lombura the Indus Lomond and Lough Lomond Lomandus is a great Lake in the South of Scotland in the County of Lenox between Menteith to the East and Argile to the West In length from North to South twenty Miles ten in breadth from East to West in some places in others three and four It is only four Miles from Dunbritown to the North and a little more from its Fyrth the River Levin empties it into the Fyrth There is in it sixteen small Islands Lon Lone or Lunne a River of Lancashire upon which Lancaster and Hornby are situated and Kirkby Lonsdale in the County of Westmorland It ends in the Irish Sea London Londinum Augusta Trinobantum the Capital City of the Kingdom of England or rather three Cities united into one Its length from East to West from Lime-house to the further end of Mill-bank in Westminster coming to 7500 Geometrical paces i. e. seven measured Miles and an half at a thousand paces a Mile Its breadth from the further end of Whitechappel-street to St. George's Fields in Southwark near three Miles It is first mentioned by Tacitus afterwards by Ammianus Marcellinus who calls it Augusta Stephanus de Vrbibus Lindonium Bede and Sigebert call it Lindona the English London the Saxons Lundain the French Londres the Germans Londen and the Italians Londra It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Canterbury seated in the County of Middlesex upon the Thames a noble navigable River over which it has a Bridge of nineteen Arches built with Houses on both sides and of late enlarged as to the Passage This is also the Royal City the Seat of the Kings of England and has been so for many years Therefore called the King of Englands Chamber It is situate in a rich and plentiful Soil abounding with plenty of all things and on the gentle ascent of an Hill on the North Side of the Thames By whom or when it was first built is now unknown Tacitus saith that in Nero's time about the Year of Christ 66 it was Copia Negotiatorum Commeatu maximè celebre A place of great resort for Commerce and famous for plenty of provisions But London was then near a great Calamity for Boadicia Queen of the Iceni being provoked by the Injuries of the Romans to assemble the Britains fell first upon Camalodunum now Maldon in Essex and taking it by surprize that year put all the Romans to the Sword Petilius Cerealis coming up with the ninth Legion was defeated and all his Foot put to the Sword too the Horse hardly escaping In the Interim Suetonius the Roman Propraetor or Governor who was then conquering the Isle of Anglesey comes up to London and was at first almost resolved to make it the Seat of War but finding reasons to alter this Resolve he marched away to S. Albans so Boadicia who was not far off came up and put all She found in the Town to the Sword and soon after treats S. Albans in the same manner in which three places She destroyed seventy thousand Romans and their Allies This City soon recovered this Blow and was afterward as famous as ever In the Year of Christ 292 it was in danger of being Sack'd by the Franks if an unexpected Arrival of some Roman Forces had not accidentally preserved it even when the Franks were actually in Possession of it Soon after this Constantine the Great is said to have Walled it In 313 we find Restitutus Bishop of London at the Council of Arles in France subscribing after Eborius Bishop of York Bede is very positive that it was then an Archbishops See Mr. Cambden is of opinion it was delivered up to the Saxons under Hengist their first King by Vortigern about the Year of Christ 463. Tho this changed the state of things and ruined Christianity yet London continued in all this Storm a considerable Mart or Sea-Port in 610. S. Paul's Church was built or rather rebuilt and assigned to the Uses of Christianity by Athelbert King of Kent Miletus was made the first Bishop of London after the Conversion of the Saxons in 604 the Metropolitick See being removed by Augustin the Monk then from London to Canterbury About the Year 701 Offa King of the East-Angles enlarged and endowed the Church of Westminster which is since become another City joined to London In the Year 854 this City fell into the Hands of the Danes who Sacked it and Canterbury coming then with a Fleet of two hundred and fifty Ships In 1012
Majensis Comitatus a County in the West of Ireland in the Province of Connaught bounded on the West by the Ocean on the South with the County of Gallway on the East with that of Roscomen and on the North with Slego It is a fruitful pleasant County rich in Cattle Deer Hawks and Honey taking its name from Mayo a small City and a Bishops See in the Roman Provincial called Mageo but the Bishoprick is annexed to that of Tuam and the Jurisdiction assigned to that of Killaley in the Barony of Tir Auley There lies in this County a vast Lake called Lough Mesk in which are two small Islands with strong Forts belonging to the Family of the Burkes who raised heretofore great Rebellions here Cambden Mazagan Mazaganum a City or Fort in the Kingdom of Marocco in the Province of Ducala with a Harbour upon the Atlantick Ocean and a very strong Fort in the hands of the Portuguese who built it in 1508. and in 1562. defeated a vast Army of Moors that came to besiege it eighteen Leagues from Cape Cantin to the North-East Mazandran See Masandran Mazar Babylon an ancient City in Egypt Mazara a City in the Island of Sicily on the Southern Shoar near the South-West Cape which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Palermo it is seated in the Valley or Province of Mazara at the Mouth of a small River of the same name it has a large safe convenient Haven and is well fortified thirty Miles from Trepano to the South and sixty from Gergenti to the West The Province of Mazara is one of the three into which Sicily stands now divided on the North West and South It is surrounded with the Sea but on the East it has the Valley De Demona and De Noto which are the other two Provinces The principal City is Palermo the rest are Trepano Marsella Mazara and Gergenti Mazarino or Moracini Mactorium a Castle in the Valley del Noto in the Island of Sicily giving the Title of a Count. Mazariâ—ci Hippici a Branch of Mount Taurus in Asia Mazira an Island in the Red Sea belonging to Arabia Mazoure a Town in the Kingdom of Aegypt in the lower part of it near to which S. Lewis King of France gave Battel to the Saracens and was taken Prisoner by them in 1250. Mazzo a small Town in the Valtoline where the French under the Conduct of the Duke of Rohan gained a memorable Victory over the Imperialists in 1635. Mâ—islaw See Mscislaw Meaco Meacum a vast City in the Kingdom of Japan in the Island of Niphon in the Province of Jetseng called by the Inhabitants Cabucoma It has a Royal and Princely Palace in which their Kings formerly lived a fine Haven and a Fort still very great and populous yet much diminished since the Court went to reside at Isdo one hundred twenty five Miles from this City to the West and because in the Civil Wars of Japan the greatest part of it was burnt Mearon Mearus a River of Galicia in Spain Meath Media a County in the Province of Leinster in Ireland called by the Irish Midh bounded on the East by the County of Fyngal and Kildare separated by the River Bayne on the South by Kildare and Kings County on the West by Roscomen and Longford and on the North by the County of Monaghen It is divided into two parts by the names of East and West Meath An ancient English Pen saith it is very fruitful and pleasant to the Eye well watered with Rivers abounding with Fish full of Cattle well supplied with Corn and that the Woods and Marshes in the Skirts of it make the access so difficult on all sides that it is justly called the Chamber of Ireland In the thirty eighth year of Henry VIII this County being thought too big to be governed by one Sheriff was divided by Act of Parliament into two Counties Meaux Meldorum urbs Meledis Jatinum Meldarum Meldae Jatinum a City in the Province of Brie of which it is the Capital and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sens it is a delicate populous City seated upon the Marne which divides it into two parts ten Leagues from Paris to the North-East eighteen from Reims to the South-West and twenty five from Amiens to the South In the year 1358. during the Imprisonment of John King of France it was sacked and burnt for complotting with the Parisian Faction against Charles the Dauphine Regent of France Son of King John In 1421. the Victorious English took it by Capitulation after a Siege of three Months and some private Synods have been assembled at it Mecca Mecque a City in Arabia which Bellonius in his Observations thinks was called by the Ancients Petraea but others upon better Reasons suppose it to be their Marraba It stands upon the River Chaibar in a Valley ten days Journey from Medina twice so big as it and about forty Miles from the Shoars of the Red Sea to the East Compassed on all Sides by Mountains the Soil of it is dry and barren yet much frequented by vast Shoals of Mahometans from all parts every year which come to celebrate the Memory of that Grand Impostor Mahomet who in 622. first began to settle his abominable Doctrine to the ruin of so great a part of mankind The Mahometans pay so great a respect to this Place that should any Christian be found in or near it they would burn him alive For the rest the Reader may consult M. Thevenot's Travels The Mosque stands in the middle of the City in a descent with two Towers and a Dome of extraordinary heighth one hundred Gates and a Window to each adorned throughout the whole with Structures Artifices and Donations inestimably fine and rich See Medina Mechelen Malines Mechlinia a City in Brabant made an Archbishops See by Pope Paul IV. It is called by the French Malines and by the Spaniards Malinas Seated upon the River Dender in the midst of the Dukedom of Brabant between Antwerp Brussels and Lovain about four Leagues from each of them It fell to the Bishop of Liege by Inheritance as Heir of the Family of Berthold and in 1328. was sold by him to Reginald Duke of Guelderland for forty thousand Crowns who again sold it to Lewis Earl of Flanders who in 1346. granted it to the Duke of Brabant Before these times it was an Imperial Free City but long since exempt Till 1503. it was the seat of the Great Council that governed all these Countries which was then removed to Brussels Mechoacan a Province of New Spain in America between Mexico to the East and New Galicia to the West extended eighty Leagues upon the Pacifick Ocean to the South The City of Mechoacan gives it this name which is very great populous and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mexico forty seven Spanish Leagues from Mexico to the West and seven from the Lake of Mechoacan to the South This Word in the Indian
him Lionel Brother of James in whom it died Middleham a Market Town in the North Riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of Hangwest upon the River Youre Midhurst a Corporation in the County of Suffolk in Chichester Rape which returns two Members of Parliament Midlewich a Market Town in Cheshire in the Hundred of Northwich upon the River Croke near its fall into the Dane Midour Midorius a River in Gascogne in France which ariseth in the County of Armagnac and floweth Westward through Marsan the Capital of which it washeth then takes in the Douse and beneath Tartas sixteen Miles from Bourdeaux to the South falls into the Adour Mignone Minio Magnone a River of Italy which ariseth in Sabatina and flowing through S. Peter's Patrimony falls into the Tyrrhenian Sea between Civita Vecchia and Cornetto Milan Milano Mediolanum by the Germans called Meilandt one of the greatest and most noble Cities in Italy built by the Galls in the year of Rome 345. three hundred and fifty seven years before the Birth of our Saviour others say it was built Anno Mundi 2488. which is above one thousand years sooner The Romans first took it in the year of Rome 531. Marcellus their General Triumphing for the Slaughter of Viridomare the Prince of it and the taking this City This City however joined with the Carthaginians in the Second Punick War and was not reduced without the loss of six thousand of her Inhabitants In the times of Christianity being converted by S. Barnabas it became an Archbishop's See and suffered very much from the Arrian Princes though in the end it preserved the Catholick Faith Attila King of the Huns took and spoiled this and several Neighbouring Cities particularly Florence and Verona in the year of Christ 452. The next that became Masters of it were the Lombards who possess'd themselves of it about 570. It continued under this Nation till 774. under a Succession of twenty three Princes Only it is said Aribert the seventeenth King gave the Duchy of Milan to the Church of Rome But the Successors of this Prince not agreeing with the Popes Adrian I. procured Charles the Great to destroy this Kingdom who took Desiderius carried him Prisoner into France and put an end to the Kingdom of the Lombards in the year of Christ 774. It continued under this Family and the Emperors of Germany till 1161 when it took part with Pope Alexander III. against Frederick Barbarossa and was for it rased to the ground but it recovered and outing the Emperors about 1221. became a Republick and continued so till 1277. when it fell under Otho by the Title of Visconti but as subject to the Emperors of Germany John Galeazo the eighth of these was made a Duke by Wenceslaus I. Emperor in 1395. It continued under Dukes till Lewis XII in 1501. by the Conquest of Lewis an usurping Duke got it Maximilian got it from the French in 1513. Francis a Brother of this Maximilian the seventeenth Duke succeeded him in 1529. Francis I. King of France won and lost it again in 1521. And being taken Prisoner by the Forces of Charles V. in the Battel of Pavia in 1525 he was forced for his Liberty to renounce all his Pretences to this Duchy upon the death of Francis Sforze in 1535. it was by Charles V. united for ever to the Crown of Spain under which it still is At this day after all these Sufferings it is the greatest and most beautiful City in Lombardy the most populous too its Inhabitants being thought to be two hundred thousand Souls It s Trade is equal to its Greatness and the Inhabitants very rich It is seven Miles in compass has one of the strongest Cittadels in the World with an University It stands upon the River Olona three hundred and twenty five Miles from Rome one hundred and sixty five from Venice and two hundred and thirty from Lyons Long. 31. 30. Lat. 44. 40. In the years 344. and 350 two Councils were here Congregated against the Arrians In 355. the Arrians carried it against the adverse Party and sent a great number thereof into Banishment In 390. there was another celebrated against Jovinian In 451. the Doctrine of the Incarnation of the Word as expressed in the Epistle of Pope Leo to Flavianus Bishop of Constantinople received the approbation of a Council at this place In 679. they held another against the Menethelites And divers since of inferior note § The Dukedom of Milan is a part of Lombardy bounded on the North by Switzerland and the Grisons on the East by the Republick of Venice and the Dukedom of Placentia on the South by the States of Genoua and on the West by Montisferat and Piedmont The Soil is extreamly fruitful plain well watered very full of People and consequently well improved It especially abounds with Vines and Barley Heretofore much greater than now It contained twenty nine Cities which are now reduced to ten Alessandria Bobbio Como Cremona Lodi Milan Novara Pavia Tortona and Vigevan Of the Fate and History of this Dukedom I have spoken in the Description of the City and I need add nothing here but that it is accounted the richest and noblest Dukedom in Christendom as Flanders is the noblest Earldom Milel Lethon a River in Africa in Cyrene Mileto Melita See Melito Miletus one of the most considerable antient Cities of Ionia in the Lesser Asia with a Port to the Aegean Sea upon the Frontiers of Caria and near the River Meander Founded in the year of the World according to Eusebius 2779 and in the beginning famous above the rest of Greece for Naval Forces They built the Town Naucratis in Egypt and made War with Sadyatus King of Lydia Alexander M overcame them next the Romans Thales the eldest Philosopher Anaximander and Anximenes were Natives of this City Milebum Milevis or Mela an ancient City in the division of Numidia in Africa Aurelius Archbishop of Carthage assembled a Council here in 402. There was another in 416. at which S. Augustine assisted The latter condemned the Principles of Pelagius and Caelestius touching Grace and Infant-Baptism Milford Haven a Celebrated Sea-Port in the County of Pembroke in South Wales upon the Irish Sea Milau a Territory in Rovergue in France Ager Aemilianus Milaud Milhaud Millialdum Amilhanum a City of France in the Province of Rovergue in the Borders of Languedoc upon the River Tarn which watering Alby falls into the Garonne Its Fortifications were razed in 1629. This City is seated in Givaudan seven Leagues from Lodeve to the North and eight from Rhodez to the North East heretofore very strong Mildenhall a large and populous Market Town in the County of Suffolk and the Hundred of Lackford upon the Banks of a River running into the Ouse adorn'd with a fair Church Milli Milliacum commonly called Milli en Gatinois is a Town in the Territory of Gastinois in the Isle of France upon the Rivulet of Escolle five Leagues from Melun and twelve
Aka which at Novogorod falls into the Wolgh one hundred and seventy Miles from the Borders of Lithuania to the East fifty four Polish Miles from Smolensko and two hundred and fifty from Belgrade to the North-East Long 66. 00. Lat. 55. 36. This City is three German Miles in compass and no doubt saith Olearius has been greater yet in his time it had forty thousand Houses In general it looks like a mass of divers Towns rather than one City The Streets are broad but very miry the Houses generally low built all of Deal covered with Bark and sometimes with Flag over the Bark which makes them extremely subject to be destroyed by Fire The Houses of some great Lords and rich Merchants are built with Brick and Stone In 1571. the Crim Tartars made an Inroad and burnt this whole City except the Castle in 1611. the Poles burnt it in the same manner About 1636. the third part of it was burnt by Accident In 1668. it was almost totally destroyed by Fire The Castle or Great Duke's Palace is fortified with three strong Walls and a good Ditch well mounted with Cannon In the midst of it is a Steeple covered with Copper there is in it a Stone Palace built for the Prince after the Italian manner before it is the great Market-Place well stored with all sorts of Merchandize and the Traders have their particular Places assigned them § The Province of Moscow is bounded on the North by Rostow and Susdale on the East by Rhezan on the South by Vorotina and on the West by Bielkia the Capital of it is Moscow This Province is very fruitful well peopled and the Dukes of it having by Marriages and Wars subdued and brought in all the other this whole Empire is commonly called by that Name but I shall represent it under the word Russia Moselle See Moesel Moseniga Messene once a famous City of Peloponnesus now a small contemptible Village on the South-West part of the Morea upon the River Pirnaza eight German Miles from Coron to the North six from the Mouth of that River and thirteen from Misitra to the West Moska a River which passeth through the City of Moscow it ariseth in the Province of Tuere and receiving the Occa near Columna about a Mile lower falls with it into the Wolga Olearius Mosul Assyria a Region of Asia the Seat of the first General Empire Till of late it was under the King of Persia but now almost entirely under the Turks It has this name from Mosul a City upon the Tygris thirty five Miles from Amida to the North-East thought to be Ninive Motir Motira one of the Molucca Islands in the East-Indies under the Line betwixt Gilolo to the East Tidor to the North Machian to the South and Celebes to the West It is in the Possession of the Hollanders Motola Motula a small City in the Province of Otranto in the Confines of Bari which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Taranto It stands at the foot of the Apennine seven Miles from the Bay of Taranto thirteen from that City to the North-West twenty five from Bari to the South-West and not much better than a Village La Mothe a Village and Fortress in Lorain upon the Borders of Champagne which endured a Siege of five months but being at last taken by the French was dismantled in 1645. Moulins Molinae a great City in France the Capital of Bourbonnois seated upon the River Allier which watering Nevers also falls into the Loir sixty two Leagues from Paris towards Lion twelve from Nevers and twenty from Clermont This City grew up out of the Ruins of Sylviniacum an ancient City not far off and used to be the ordinary Residence of the Princes of Bourbon who built a Castle in it where the Kings of France have often taken their Diversion The Tomb of Henry 2. King of France is to be seen here Charles IX held a great Assembly of the Nobility and Chief men of the Kingdom at this place in 1565 passing at the same time the famous Edict of Moulins It affords good medicinal Waters and here the Allier receives the River Daure Moulon Molo a River of France near Bourges en Berry which flowing by the Monastery of S. Sulpicius falls into the Greater Aveyron Hoffman in Biturix South Moulton a Market Town in Devonshire The Capital of its Hundred Mounster Momonia one of the four Provinces of the Kingdom of Ireland On the North it is separated from Connaught by the River Shannon on the East it has Leinster on the South and West the Vergivian Ocean It is in length from North to South ninety Miles in breadth one hundred divided into six Counties viz. Limerick Kerry Cork VVaterford Desmond and Tipperary The chief City is Limerick The rest are Cashell Cork Kinsale and VVaterford The Irish call this Province Mown The Mountains of the Moon Montes Lunae are a Ridge of Mountains which run cross Africa from East to West separating the Kingdom of Gojame to the North from the Lower Aethiopia to the South The Ancients supposed the Nile to spring out of these Mountains which is found to be a mistake that River rising in a Plain on the North side of those Mountains Mountserell a Market Town in Leicestershire in the Hundred of Goscote near the Stower over which it has a Bridge and formerly a Castle that stood upon a steep and craggy Hill but long since demolished Mouson or Mouzon Mosomum a City in Champagne in France upon the Maes in the Confines of the Dukedom of Luxemburgh between Sedan to the North and Stenay to the South three Leagues from either and eleven from Verdune Often taken and retaken of latter times and particularly famous for a brave Defence it made against the Imperialists under the Command of Picolomini one of the greatest Captains of his time It was finally recovered out of the hands of the Spaniards in 1653 and is still under that Crown Two small French Synods were assembled at it in 948. and 995. Mowcop-Hill a noted Hill in Staffordsh in the Confines of Cheshire where Mill-stones are procured Mozambick See Mosambick Mscislaw Mscislavia a City in Lithuania of great strength seated upon the River Sosz in the Confines of Moscovy sixteen Polish Miles from Smolensko to the South and eighteen from Mohilow to to the East This Place was besieged in 1386. by Swentoslaus Duke of Smolensko without any Success But taken by the Russ some few years since who in the Reign of Sigismond I. King of Poland had received a great Deseat under the Walls of it It has the honour of the Title of a Palatinate Muer Mura Savaria Darus a River of Stiria which ariseth in the Bishoprick of Saltzburgh and flowing through Stiria watereth Gratz the Capital of this Province and Judenburgh and a little beneath Kanischa falls into the Drave in the Lower Hungary On the Banks of this River Count Serini defeated an Army of the Turks and slew
private Buildings of great beauty and expence so that all considered it is one of the greatest richest and most populous Cities of Italy containing no less than seven Miles in compass and besides the Security the Sea gives it and the Neighbouring Mountains which serve instead of Ramparts it has four strong Castles or Citadels for its security which were built at several times by William III. a Norman Charles I. Brother to S. Lewis King of France Ferdinand King of Aragon and the Emperour Charles V. In the Metropolitan Church dedicated to S. Januarius they preserve the Blood of that Saint in a Glass congealed which they pretend melts and bubbles when the Head of the same Saint is brought near it And in the Church of the Dominicans they show the Crucifix which you are told spoke these words to S. Thomas Aquinas Benâ— de me scripsisti Thoma quamnam mercedem habebis whereunto he made answer Nullam domine praeter teipsum The Italians give Naples the name of la Gentile for its beauty and neatness it attracting all the Nobility of the Kingdom to it But their Proverb goes further Ma la gente cativa tuttavia un paradiso habitato da diavoli The people are bad it is altogether a Paradise inhabited by Devils This City is so very ancient it is reported to be built by Hercules about the year of the World 2725. in the times of Thola Judge of Israel The Chalcidians rebuilt or inlarged it and instead of Parthenope its old Name called it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is the New Town The Romans took it from the Samnites about the year of Rome 463. after three or four bloody Wars Being subjected to that State the Inhabitants of this City are much celebrated for their Fidelity to Rome and ever after the Battel of Cannae would not submit to Hannibal till he made use of force against them In the year of Rome 537. together with Rome and the rest of Italy in the fifth Century this City became a prey to the Goths and other Barbarous Nations amongst them to the Lombards from whom it passed to Charles the Great After this it fell under the Saracens In 1008. the Normans began under Tancred to enter upon this Stage whose Children drove out both the Greeks and Saracens and possessed this City and Kingdom under the Title of Earls of Calabria in 1216. there was an University opened here by Frederick II. Emperour of Germany The rest of its Fate depends on the Changes in the Kingdom except that prodigious Revolution in 1647. when one Masanello a poor Fisher Boy appearing against the Spaniards who had over-much oppressed this populous City by their Impositions raised such a storm against them as bid fair for the excluding them for ever out of that Kingdom In June 1688. Naples suffered extraordinarily by an Earthquake several days The Kingdom of Naples Nepolitanum Regnum has its name from its principal City but was at first called the Kingdom of Sicily as it is still in all the Publick Acts. It is bounded on the West with the Lands of the Church and on all other sides surrounded with the Mediterranean Sea Under the first Kings it was divided into four parts at present into twelve Provinces or Counties it has about thirty Cities great and small It s length from North to South ninety German Miles that is from the River of Tronto to the Cape of Spartivento and its breadth from Cape Massa not far from Naples to Cape Gargani or â—â—onte di S. Angelo on the Venetian Gulph thirty About the year of Christ 1000. this Kingdom was miserably harrased by the Saracens and Greeks then expelling the Children of Charles the Great The Normans drove out first the Saracens and then the Greeks In 1125. Pope Anacletus II. gave this Kingdom to Roger Earl of Sicily excluding the Children of William his Elder Brother In 1196 another Usurper dispossessed this Line and called in Henry VI. Emperour of Germany His Posterity injoyed it till 1261. when Charles Earl of Anjou entered and slew Manfred IV. the last of the German Line His Posterity injoyed it four Descents more when Charles IV. in the year 1371. entered and slew Joan Queen of Naples In the year 1434. Alphonso King of Arragon partly by Adoption and partly by Conquest got this Kingdom from another Joan the third of the Caroline Descent His Posterity injoyed it five Descents till Ferdinand III. King of Castile and Arragon dispossessed them in 1503. In this Family it is at this day Charles the present King of Spain being the sixth from Ferdinando Napo a River of the Kingdom of Peru in South America passing by Avila in the Province of Quiros to join it self with the River of Amazons Napoli di Barbaria a Town near Tripoli in Barbary called also Lebeda and Lepe Napoli di Nalvasia See Malvasia Napoli di Romania Nauplia Anaplia a City on the Eastern Shoar of the Morea in the Province of Romania anciently a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Corinth but that City being ruined it became an Archbishoprick it self This City stands upon the River Inachus sixty Miles from Misitra to the North-East fifty five from Athens to the North-West and thirty six from Corinth to the South Surrounded on all sides but the North with the Sea its Shoars are so very high and steep that an Enemy can neither land nor batter its Walls with their Cannon On the West it has a large and safe Haven secured by a Fort built upon a Rock in the midst of its Mouth and shut up on both sides by two Chains which from this Fort reach to the Town on the North side and to another Fort on the Continent to the South The Mountain of Palamede on the North commands the Town in all other points it is situated as well for Defence as Commerce equal to any place in Europe Said to have been built by Nauplius a Son of Hercules and to have been one of the most ancient Towns in the Morea It was first taken from the Greeks by the Venetians and French in 1205. But it did not long remain in their hands before it was retaker with the slaughter of all their Garrison and Governour In the thirteenth Century it fell into the hands of Mary d' Erigane Relict of Peter Son of Frederick Cornar Piscopia This Lady not being able to preserve it from the Turks resigned it to the Venetians in 1383. who fortified it the Turks however frequently attempted it Mahomet II. sent Machmut a Bassa with a potent Army to reduce it by force which design miscarried in 1460. After him Solyman the Magnificent in 1537. again besieged it and lost a great part of his Army to no purpose before it but about two years after upon a Treaty the Venetians surrendred it to purchase a Peace of him In 1686. the Venetians again came before it with a considerable Fleet and Army and having beaten the Serasquier of the Morea and
the Hands of the Venetians after the Battel of the Dardanells In the times of ancient Paganism this City was honored with the Oracles of Mercury and Vesta and with divers Teâ—ples dedicated to Minerva Cybele Atys Jupiter and Diana as appears by their â— Ruines The Apostle S. Andrew preached and suffered his Martyrdom here It s Cittadel stands upon a high Mount so strong that in 1450 it held out against Constantius Palaeologus the Western Emperor a year They compute about four or five thousand Inhabitants in this City Greeks Turks and Jews whereof as the first possess the Cathedral so the second before the late Conquest had six Mosques and the other four Synagogues Near a thousand Churches are said to be contained in the extent of the Archbishops Province And not only the Greeks of the Neighbouring Isles but the English and French are accustomed to traffick to this Port. S. Peters Patriomony Patrimonium Sancti Petri called by the Italians La Provincia del Patrimonio is a considerable part of the Ecclesiastical State in Italy under the Papacy which was a part of the Old Hetruria Bounded on the North by Ombria on the East by Sabina on the West by the State of Siena and on the South by the Tyrrhenian Sea The Capital of this Province is Viterbo and the other Cities are Aquapendente Civita Vecchia Civita Castellana Cornetto Toscanella and Orvieto Pattesi Patsi Timethus a River on the North Side of Sicily Patti Pactae Pacta a City on the North Shoar of Sicily at the Fall of the River Pattesi into the Tyrrhenian Sea forty eight Milesâ—rom Messina to the West eighty from Palermo to the North-East and fifty from Catania to the North. This City was built by Roger Earl of Sicily after the Expulsion of the Moors made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Messina by Pope Eugenius III. and now in a good Estate Pau Epaunum Palum the Capital of the Province of Bearn in Aquitain in France seated upon the River Gave thence called le Gave de Pau four Leagues from Oleron to the East nine from the Borders of Arragon to the North and eighteen from Dax to the South-East Henry IV. King of Navarr was born in the Castle belonging to this City December 13. 1557. A Castle of the Foundation of Henry d' Albert King of Navarre and Prince of Bearn who in 1519 established also a Parliament here which Lewis the Thirteenth King of France reestablished in 1621 together with the Roman Catholick Religion that had been thence expelled by the Huguenots in the Civil Wars Pavia Ticinum a City in the Dukedom of Milan in Italy of great Antiquity called in latter times Papia Papia Flavia and now Pavia It stands upon the River Tesino Tecinum twenty Leagues from Milan to the South fifty from Genoua and thirty four from Piacenza to the West Built by the Ligurians and thought more Ancient than Milan Attila ruined it and Odoacer besieged Orestes in it The Lombards took it not without great difficulty under Alboinus their first King in the Year 569. After this it became the Capital of the Kingdom of the Lombards and continued such till in the Year 773. Charles the Great took this City and Desiderius their last King therein Afterwards it became the Seat of the Kingdom of Italy to which Otto I put an end in the Year 951. by the Expulsion of Berengarius and his Son In 1004. it suffered very much by a fire About the Year 1059 it had a sharp War with the City of Milan In the Year 1361. here was an University opened by Charles IV. Emperor of Germany under Galeatius Duke of Milan under whom this City then was Francis I of France in 1525. attempting to take it was defeated by the Spaniards and himself taken Prisoner In 1527. it was taken by the French under Lautrech but soon after returned under the King of Spain as Duke of Milan and being again attempted by the French in 1655. they were the second time defeated by the Spaniards it continues under Spain to this day Next Milan the best City in that Dukedom a Principality and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan but exempt from the Jurisdiction of that Metropolitan It has one of the greatest and fairest Stone Bridges in Italy and many pieces of Antiquity the Castle amongst them which was the Royal Palace of the Kings of Lombardy The body of S. Austin is deposited in a Monastery of Religious here of the order of his name There have been several Ecclesiastical Councils assembled at this City Particularly that in 1076 held by the Partisans of the Emperor Henry IV. is remarkable for its condemning Pope Gregory VII who had excommunicated them before at a Council in Rome The Territory belonging to it is called the Pavese Pavosan Pavoasanum a City in the Island of S. Thomas Pautzkerwick the German name of the Bay of Dantzick La Paz Pax a City of Peru between the Mountains of Brasil to the East and the Lake Titiaca to the West which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lima situate upon the River Cavane Pazzi Pachya a City of Thrace which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Heraclia The Peak in Derbyshire lyes in the North-west parts of the County amongst the Mountains And is a famous place as well for its Lead and Quarries as for the three Caves whose height length and depth with the just tides of water ebbing and flowing from them and the strange irregularities of the Rocks within appropriate to them the character of so many Wonders To which must be added Buxton Wells where out of the same Rock in the compass of eight or nine yards arise nine several medicinal Springs eight warm the ninth very cold which at the distance of three hundred foot receive another hot Spring from a Well near the Ebullition of another that is cold again Pedena Petina a small City in Histria in Italy which is a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Aquileja and the Head of a Territory of the same name under the Dominion of the Emperor Twenty two Miles from Pola to the North and sixty from Laubach to the South near the Head of the River Arsa which divides Italy from Illyricum Pedeo Pedaeus a River on the East of the Isle of Cyprus Pedir Pedira a City in the North of the Island of Sumatra which has a Haven under the King of Acem Peelandt a Tract in Brabam Pegian the Lesser Armenia Pegu Peguum one of the Principal Cities in the Further East-Indies called by the Inhabitants Bayon and by the Europeans Pegu. It has a Noble Palace belonging to the King of Pegu which is fortified in the manner of a Castle and stands upon a River of the same name which falls a little lower into the Bay of Bengala Long. 126. 05. Lat. 19. 55. The Kingdom of Pegu was once a most Potent Empire in the Further East-Indies containing twenty six Kingdoms in
of Poland called by the Natives Poconk or Pocouth It is a part of the Territory of Halitz between the River Tyra now the Neister and the Borders of Transylvania and Walachia the principal Town is Sniatim upon the Pruth the rest Colomey and Martinow Podgarim Babylonia a Province in Asia Podolia Bodeni Budini Patzinacae Populi a Province of the Kingdom of Poland comprehended under the Red Russia of which it is a part and subject to a Palatine of its own Bounded on the North by Volhinia on the East by the Palatinate of Braslaw on the South by Wallachia and on the West by Russia properly so called or the Black Russia This Country extends Eastward through vast uninhabited Countries as far as the Euxine Sea They divide it ordinarily into the Vpper Podolia to the West and the Lower to the East The people are Russians by their Original conquered by the Poles and in the year 1434. admitted to the same Privileges with the rest of Poland by Vladislaus then King of Poland It is fruitful to a wonder yet more accommodated to the life of Beasts than Men. Could it enjoy a steady Peace it should not need to envy the Fertility of Italy or any other Country but being a Frontier against the Turks and Tartars and always exposed to their devouring Incursions it is but meanly inhabited and not much improved In the year 1672. it was yielded to the Turks a part of it has been retrieved since The principal place is Caminieck in the Vpper Podolia the rest are Tzudnow Bratzlaw in the Lower and Orczakow which last is in the hands of the Tartars Poictiers Pictavium Augustoritum Pictava Pictavorum Vrbs a City which is the Capital of the Province of Poictou in France a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bourdeaux and a celebrated University founded by Charles VII in 1431. It stands upon the River Clain at its Confluence with another small River which there makes a large Lake fourteen Leagues from the Loyre to the South thirty from Saintes to the North and thirty five from Bourges to the West Famous for many Battels sought near it especially that of the Black Prince in the year 1356. In which John King of France was taken Prisoner together with many Lords and two thousand Knights and Esquires Fifty two Lords one thousand seven hundred Knights and Gentlemen were slain of the French Three French Battalions the least of which exceeded the English were intirely routed and in great part destroyed In the Reign of Charles VII King of France whilest the Victorious English were Masters of the Capital of the Kingdom the Parliament of Paris for some years sat here The old Castle by the Gate of S. Lazare is thought to have been the Work of the Romans who built besides an Amphitheatre and other Edisices yet apparent in their remains This City contains twenty four Parishes five Abbeys and divers Monasteries The Episcopal See became famous in the Primitive Times by the Person of S. Hilary Divers Councils have been celebrated at it In one Anno 1075. Berengarius appeared whilst the Doctrine of the Presence in opposition to his was received recognized and established Another under Pope Paschal II. excommunicated Philip I. King of France The Roman Catholicks took Poictiers from the Huguenots and plundered it in 1562. In 1569. the Huguenots under Admiral Coligny besieged it but were forced to rise without success Poictou Pictaviensis Provincia is a large Province in France which was a part of Aquitain whilest under the Romans and called by the Italians Poitu It s greatest extent is from East to West being bounded on the East by Touraine and la Marche on the North by Anjou and Bretagne on the West by the Bay of Aquitain or the British Sea and on the South by Saintonge and Angoulesme This Province was pillaged in the fifth Century by the Vandals Huns and Germans The Romans in the Reign of the Emperour Honorius left it to the Wisigoths whom Clovis the Grand expelled about the year 510. Then from the time of Charlemaigne it was under Sovereign Counts of its own till 1271 when upon a failure of the Line it was united to the Crown of France These Counts had for about nineteen several Successions attained the Title of Dukes of Guyenne Not to omit the the Descent of the Provinces of Guyenne and Poictou upon the Crown of England in 1152. by Eleanour Wise to Henry II. Nor the attempt made in 1242. though without success by Richard Earl of Cornwall Brother to King John to reduce Poictou under the Obedience of England again after the French pretended K. John had forfeited his Rights by the Death of Arthur The principal Towns next Poictiers are Chastelleraud Thouars S. Maxient Fountenay Loudun Niort Parthenay and Richelieu Poissy Pisciacum a Town in the Isle of France which has a Stone Bridge over the Seine six Leagues above Paris to the East S. Lewis King of France was born here in 1215. The heart of King Philip le Bel was interred in a Church here of his own foundation It has divers Religious Houses And in the last Age was more especially famous upon the account of a Conference of Religion betwixt the Roman Catholicks and Huguenots from September 4. 1560. to November 25. held in the presence of Charles IX King of France and Catherine de Medicis the Queen Regent assisted with the Princes of the Blood a great number of Cardinals Bishops Counsellors and Grandees of the Kingdom and Learned Men of both Religions Beza as the Head of the Reformed chiefly managing and bending his utmost force against the Doctrine of the Presence Pola Polia Julia Pietas a City and Colony in Istria mentioned by Strabo and Pliny still called by the same Name being one of the strongest Cities in Istria and a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Aquileja Seated on a Hill near the Shoars of the Adriatick Sea upon which it has a large Haven twenty eight Miles from Parenzo to the South sixty from Trieste and an hundred from Ancona to the North. Said to have been built by the Colchi Now under the States of Venice but small and not much inhabited it having not above seven or eight hundred Inhabitants The Venetians send a Governour however to it who takes the Title of a Count. It has a small Cittadel In the time of the Roman Empire this City as a Free State dedicated a Statue to Severus the Emperour it has several other noble Remains which speak its Greatness and Antiquity as Mr. Wheeler acquaints us in his Travels pag. 5. Long. 37. 00. Lat. 45. 04. Polan Bollia a River of Stiria Polana Monalus a River in the North of Sicily written in Baudrand Polina Poland Polenia is one of the principal Kingdoms in Europe called by the Natives Poloska by the Germans die Polen by the French Pologne by the Spaniards and Italians Polonia by the English Poland A part of the old Salmatia Europaea and has its
Brandenburgh are Camin Colburgh and Stratgard Klein Pommeren Pomerania Parva the Little Pomerania or the Palatinate of Pomerania is that part of Pomerania which long since was given to the Crown of Poland called by the Poles Woiewodztwo Pomorskie and for the most part included in Prussia Bounded on the West by that part of Pomerania which is under the Duke of Brandenburgh on the North by the Baltick Sea the River Vistula to the East by which it is separated from the rest of Prussia and the greater Poland to the South The principal City in it is Dantzick Pommerelle or the Dukedom of Pommeren is a part of the Eastern Pomerania which is under the Duke of Brandenburgh Bounded on the East by Cassubia and the Marquisate of Brandenburgh by the Baltick Sea on the North the Oder on the West and the Dukedom of Stetin on the South The Great Towns in it are Stargart Camin and Treptow Pompeiopolis an ancient City of Cilicia in Asia Minor to which Pompey the Great imparted his name as Trajan afterward also did that of Trasanopolis It has been honoured since Christianity with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Seleucia But now become a miserable Town called according to some Palesali § There was a second in Paphlagonia which received Pompey's name after his defeat of Mithridates King of Pontus having before been called Eupatoria This latter became an Archbishops See under the Patriarch of Constantinople Now wholly ruined Pons a Town of France in the Province of Saintonge upon the River Seugne which falls in the Charante below Sainctes It gives its name to a Neighbouring Forest and likewise to an honourable Family of France In Latin apud Pontes Pont à Mouson Mussipontum Mussipons a Town in Lorain in the Dukedom of Bar upon the Moselle five Leagues from Nancy to the North six from S. Michael and five from Toul it has been well fortified but at present dismantled and made an University in which there is a Scotch College of the foundation of Pope Gregory XIII It gives the Title of a Marquess hath two Abbeys and divers Churches Pont de l' Arche Pons Arcus Pons Arcuensis a City in Normandy in the Bishoprick of Roan which has a strong Castle and a Stone Bridge upon the Seine which here receives the Eure and the Andele built by Charles the Bald. It stands three Leagues above Roan to the South and was the first Town that surrendred it self to Henry IV. after his advancement to the Crown of France Pont Andemer or Ponteau-de-Mer Pons Audomari a small City in Normandy upon the River Rille two Leagues from its Mouth and ten from Roan to the West surprised by the Leaguers in 1592. but soon after returned to the King In 1279 a Council was assembled here Pont Beauvoisin Pons Bellovicinus a Town in Dauphine upon the River Guyer here covered with a Bridge which gives it this name and separates the Province of Dauphine from Savoy Pont de Ce Pontes Caesaris a Town in the Dukedom of Anjou upon the Loyre over which it has a very long Bridge and had once a very strong Castle One League from Angiers to the South At this Town the Troops of Lewis XIII under Mareschal de Crequi defeated those of the Queen Mother Maria de Medicis in 1620. Pont du Gard Pons Vardonis or Gardonis three Bridges built one over the other over the River Gardon for the continuing an Aquaduct to Nismes The lowest having six Arches the second twelve and the highest thirty four a thing of great Antiquity It stands in the middle between Avignon to the East and Nismes to the West four Leagues from the latter The Learned Dr. Brown in his Travels gives the Figure of this wonderful Work and assures us that the top of it is one hundred and eighty six Foot above the Water of the River Pont Eau de Mer a Town in Normandy the same with Pont Audemer Pont l' Eveque Pons Episcopi a Town in Normandy near Caen upon the River Leson three Leagues from Lisieux and two from the Sea It is noted for good Cheese Pont-Oise Pontesium Pontisara Aesiae pons and Pons ad Oesiam a Town in the Isle of France which has a Stone-Bridge over the River Oise and an English Nunnery six Leagues from Paris to the North-West towards Roan Taken by the English in the Year 1417 and recovered by the French in the Year 1442 after a Siege of six weeks It was also taken and retaken in 1589. successively by King Henry III. and the Duke of Mayenne In 1561. in the beginning of the Reign of Charles IX the Estates of the Kingdom were assembled here It hath a Castle with divers Churches and Monasteries giving the title of a Viscount Situated in the Territory of Vexin Francois at the Confluence of the Oyse and Seine Pont Orson Pons Vrsonis a Town in the Confines of Normandy and Bretagne in France upon the River Couesnon which a little lower falls into the British Sea between Auranches to the East and Dole to the West two Leagues from Mount S. Michael Pont S. Esprit Pons Sancti Spiritus a City of France in the Lower Languedoc which has a Castle and a Stone Bridge over the River Rhosne of an extraordinary structure Three Leagues from Viviers to the South and seven from Avignon to the North. Pont S. Maixance Pons Sanctae Maxentiae a Town in the Government of the Isle of France in the Duchy of Valois upon the Oyse here covered with a Bridge three Leagues from Senlis Pont-Pool a Market Town in Monmouthshire betwixt the Hills of chief note for Iron Mills Pontefract or Pomfret a pleasant neat Borough and Market Town in the West Riding of Yorkshire and the Hundred of Osgodcross situated upon a stream a little below the confluence of the Warfe and the Are. Formerly ennobled with a Castle Royal mounted on an ascent with Ditches and Bulwarks which was in the long Rebellion demolished K. Richard II. after his resignation of the Crown was murdered in that Castle The Borough returns two Parliament Men. Pontieu or Ponthieu Ponticum Pontinia a County in Picardy which lies towards the Mouth of the Somme between the Chanche and the County of Bologne to the North and the Somme to the South The chief Towns in it are Abbeville Monstrevil Rue Pont S. Remi and Cleri This County was confirmed to the Crown of England by Eleanor of Castile Countess of Ponthieu Daughter to Ferdinand III. King of Castile her Marrying to Edward I. King of England Being afterwards enjoyed by K. Edward II. and III. and never finally re-united to the Crown of France till the Reign of Charles VII when the English quite lost their Dominions in that Kingdom Pontion or Pont-Yon Pontigo an ancient Royal House belonging to the Kings of France in the Territory of Parthois in Champaigne two Leagues from Vitri le Brûlé where Charles the Bald assembled a Council in 876. Some have mistaken it for
obscure and not above two Miles in compass with four Gates inclosing only the Capitoline and Palatine Mountains It continued under seven Princes two hundred forty five years when Sextus the Son of Tarquinius ravishing Lucretia a Roman Lady it so incensed them that thereupon they not only dethroned Tarquinius but for many Ages they would not endure the Name much less the Authority of a King but lived under Temporary accountable Magistrates Consuls two together yearly elected with Praetors Tribunes Quaestors Censors Praefects and other Magistrates under them And when extream necessity required it they created a temporary Dictator with Supreme Authority over all At this time their Empire was not above fifteen Miles in length and this Change greatly hazarded the Ruin of the Insant City In the year of Rome 365. during the Consular Government it was taken by Brennus King or General of the Gaules and all but the Capitol burnt down to the ground yet it continued a Free State though sorely shaken by Hannibal about the year five hundred thirty seven and by their own Domestick Broils under Marius and Sylla between the years 665. and 672. But the fatal time being come Julius Caesar in the year of Rome 705. by the Battel of Pharsalia put an end to that Commonwealth forty six years before the Birth of our Saviour making himself to be declared Perpetual Dictator and Emperour and the Name of the Commonwealth of Rome to be changed into the Roman Empire And though the Civil Wars broke out again to the great hazard not only of their Empire but Being yet Augustus in the Battel of Actium put a happy Period to them in 721. and prepared the World to receive the Prince of Peace by an Universal Peace He was born under this Prince in the year of Rome 753. and of the World 3950. The times that followed were fatal to Rome which double dyed her Purple in the Blood of Holy Men who endeavoured to reduce her from the Vassalage of Doemons to the Knowledge and Service of the True God To these an end was put by Conslantine the Great by the Defeat of Maxentius under the Walls of Rome in the year of Christ 312. of Rome 1064. This great Prince laid soon after the foundation of the Ruin of Rome by removing the Seat of the Empire to Byzantium or Constantinople in the year of Christ 330. which afterwards brought on the Division of the Empire into the Eastern and Western Alaricus King of the Goths in 410. of Rome 1162. took and spoiled this City Gensericus the Vandal followed him and in 455. took it the second time Odoacer took it in 465. Ricimere in 472. Totila in 547. So that in the space of one hundred thirty seven years it was taken and spoiled by these Barbarous Nations four times In 580. it was besieged by the Lombards and preserved by the Emperours Forces which were sent to relieve it Leo IV. in 593. bestowed something in the repair of it Rome was now recovered by the Eastern Emperours Justinian by Narses his General in Italy having slain Totila in 553. and three years after by the taking of Capua having put an happy end to the Gothick War in Italy This City continued under those Princes till 726. when under Gregory II. Italy by the procurement of that Pope revolted because Leo the Emperour had by an Edict prohibited the Worship of Images The Lombards were very instrumental in this Change Neither could they and the Popes long agree but Aistulphus in 753. besieged Rome and Pope Stephen III. obtaining no relief from the Emperour against the Lombards sends for Pepin King of France who came and delivered him for that time Desiderius the next King of the Lombards got Rome by a Stratagem in 770. and using his Power tyrannically Charles the Great in 774. was called in who put an end to the Kingdom of the Lombards and made the Western Empire once more considerable The Lombards and these French Princes in order to oblige the Popes by the Ties of Gratitude to them had at several times bestowed several Territories upon the See of Rome Charles the Great reserved to himself and his Successors the Approbation of the future Popes which was confirmed by a Council held at Rome in 773. This in after-times embroiled the Popes and the Western Emperours as much as ever the Eastern and the Lombards were For Charles the Great being crowned at Rome in 800. his Posterity had frequent quarrels with the Popes the Clergy and City of Rome about the Elections of the Popes The first Invasion was made by Stephen VI. about 817. under Lewis the Gentle who is pretended to have granted away that Right of electing the Pope which had been acknowledged in Charles the Great In 819. Paschal I. a Roman was chosen Pope against the Will of this Prince But in 823. Lothaire coming to Rome to receive the Crown put this Pope to purge himself by Oath and slew many of the Nobility for setting him up against the Emperours Will for which that See bore him no kindness Gregory IV. in 833. finding Pepin his Son in rebellion against him and pretending to reconcile them when he came into Germany he took part with his Son against the Father and Pope-like threatned to excommunicate the Emperour if he did not resign the Empire to his Son which Treachery of his in 839 was severely revenged by Lothaire the Emperour by taking many Places from him in Italy In 839. the Saracens sorely distressed the Papacy which necessitated the Pope to have recourse to the Emperour for Protection and he had it In this Invasion the Saracens wasted the Suburbs of Rome as they did in 846. which occasioned the building of the Castle of S. Angelo by Pope Sergius II. The Empire being translated from the Franks to the Germans in the Person of Arnulph a Natural Son of Carloman against him Formosus crowns Guido a Rival in 891. And in 893. sendeth for Arnulph to come and free Rome from the oppressions of this Guido Arnulph comes into Italy and in 906. took Rome A Schism being about this time in the Church of Rome there was little done by the Popes till Berengarius growing Potent in Italy necessitated them to seek to Otho I. who being crowned at Rome in 962. a Council there held in 964. acknowledged the same Right in him that had been in Charles the Great Gregory VII on this account begins a quarrel with Henry IV. Emperour sets up Anti-Emperours and excommunicates the Emperour in 1076. whereupon that Prince thus provoked besieged Rome in 1081. took it in 1084. and burnt it and soon after this Turbulent Pope died in Banishment in great misery In 1242. Pope Gregory IX having excommunicated Frederick II. Emperour for refusing to give the See of Sardinia to Rome and proclaiming a Croysade against the Emperour that Prince defeated his Army and following his blow took Ravenna Siena and Faenza with divers of the Cardinals and
entered upon the See by the Regal Authority against the Consent of the Metropolitan and the Bishops of the Province which Decree drew upon the Authors of it a fevere Prâ—secution from the Crown Saintonge or Xaintonge Santonia a great and fruitful Province of France bounded on the North by Poictou on the East by Angoumois on the South by the Garonne which separates it from Guienne and on the West by the Bay of Aquitain This was the Seat of the Santones an ancient Nation of the Galls its Capital is Saintes the other Cities of Note are Brouges S. Jean de Angely and Taillebourg The Rivers Garonne Charante Seudre c. water it They make great quantities of Salt in this Province The Romans had their Colonies in it who often deride the short Cloaks or Gowns worn by the ancient Gauls here as Martial Gallia Santonico vestit te Bardocucullo Cercopithecorum penula nuper erat The same habit towards the Sea Coasts is in use with the common People to this day This Province fell to the Crown of England together with Gascoigne Guienne c. by the Marriage of Eleanor of Guienne with K. Henry II. of England Sala the same with Saal Salado Salsum a River of Spain in Anddlusia called Guadajox which between Sivil and Corduba falls into the Guadalquivir Salamanca Salmantica a City in Spain called Vrbs Vettonum by Ptolemy and perhaps the same with Polybius his Elmantica it stands in the Kingdom of Leon upon the River Tormes a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Compostella and an University founded by Alfonsus IX King of Leon in the year 1200 which is one of the most considerable in that Kingdom adorned with noble Schools and a large Library About ten Leagues from Zamora to the South fourteen from the Borders of Portugal to the East and two and twenty from Valladolid to the South-West upon several Hills in a very unequal Situation of a small circuit ill built worse repaired most of the Houses being falling down and besides its Churches Monasteries and Colleges has nothing that deserves Regard Long. 14. 45. Lat. 41. 15. Salamis Salamine an ancient Archiepiscopal City in the Island of Cyprus which boasted of the honour of having its Church founded by the Apostle S. Barnabas whose Body was discovered to lye here in 485. It afterwards took the name of il Porto Costanzo or Constantia The Philosopher Anaxarchus suffered in this City the pounding to death in a mortar by the order of Nicocreon King of Cyprus with a singular constancy It is now utterly ruined Salamis an Island See Coluri Saâ—andra Salandrilla or Aâ—alandra a River in the Basilicate in the Kingdom of Naples passing by Risetto and thence called also Piume di Rosetto to the gulph of Taranto Salawar Zalawar or Zalad a County in the Lower Hungary upon the Borders of Stiria with the Drave to the South and the County of Vesprin to the North. Kanisa stands in this County upon the River Sala But the Capital Town of it bears the same name of Salawar Sale Sala a City ascribed in ancient time by Ptolemy to Mauritania Tingitana seated at the Mouth of a River of the same Name on the Shoars of the Kingdom of Fez on the Atlantick Ocean A place of great Trade and has a noble Habor but it is an infamous Nest of Piratâ— It was heretofore a Common-Wealth now under the King of Fez who is Master of the Castle It stands one hundred Miles from Fez to the West and Tangier to the South Almanesor one of the Moorish Kings much beautified it and was after buried in it The Spaniards took it in 1287 who lost it in ten days again in 1632. King Charles I. sent a Fleet against this City which blocked it up by Sea whilst the King of Morocco besieged it by Land and by this means brought it under the Works being levelled and those Rogues Executed for which King Charles had three hundred Christian Captives sent him as a Recompence a Reward worthy of that Holy King Long. 6. 40. Lat. 33. 50. Sale the same with Saal Sale Sala a River in Quercy a Province of France Sale Sala a Province of the Kingdom of Bosnia Salefica Saleucia a City in Cilicia in the Lesser Asia which is a Bishops See under the Patriarch of Antioch It stands seventy Miles from Tarsus to the West and twelve from the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea to the North called by Niger Seleschia Long. 64. Lat. 38. 40. Salentini the ancient Inhabitants of Terra di Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples in the Roman times Salerno Salernum Salerna a City in the Kingdom of Naples which was a Roman City and Colony called by Strabo and Livy Vrbs Picentinorum Now an Archbishops See a Principality and the Capital of the Hither Principato It stands upon the River Busanola upon the Shoars of the Tyrrhenian Sea upon which it has a Bay called by its own Name and a safe and large Haven twenty four Miles from Naples to the South-East and thirty from Benevento to the South Long. 38. 44. Lat. 40. 33. This Archbishoprick was founded by Pope Boniface VII in 974. The Body of S. Matthew the Apostle is said to be in this Place Pope Gregory VII died here in 1085. It has a Castle and many Antiquities which are the Remainders of the Roman Works When Naples had distinct Kings the Title of this place belonged to the eldest Son of that Kingdom In the years 1615. and 1579. there were two small Councils held at it Salettes a Carthusian Nunnery of great note and quality upon the frontiers of Dauphine in France toward la Bresse Salfeâ—â—d an Abbey in Thuringia in Germany Salii an ancient People of Provence in France who as we find in Strabo Mela c. extended themselves from about Aix as far as to Nice § There was another Nation of the Salii in the Tract now called Sallant from them in Overyssel in the Low Countries Saline Didyme one of the Liparee Islands belonging to Sicily twelve Miles in circuit and fruitful in Allum Near this place the Dutch received a great Defeat from the French at Sea in 1676. Baudrand The Italians call it Didimo Salino Suinus a River in the Kingdom of Naples which springeth out of the Apâ—â—hine and â—inning through the Further Abruzzo watering Pennâ— a City of that Province and Pescara falls into the Gulph of Venice Salingstede Salinâ—stadium a Town in Franconia upon the Maine four Miles above Franck fort to the East By Charles the Great made a Bishap's See but in 780 this Chair was removed to Hailbâ—une It was then a very great City since become subject to the Bishop of Mentz Salins Salinae a strong City in the Franche Comté upon the River Forica eight Loagues from Dole to the East and fifty eight from Geneva to the North. It is seated in a fruitful Valley betwixt two Mountains called Scoding which has been the reason why this City in the Latin
Region of the ancient Asia betwixt the Two Scythia's Margiana Bactriana and the Caspian Sea now answering to the Province of Mawralnaher or Maurenhaer in the Asiatick Tartary North-East of Persia Soisons Suessiones Suessia Civitas Augusta Suessionum an ancient Roman City in the Isle of France which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Reims and the Capital of a County called Le Soissonnois A great fine strong City seated upon the River Aisne which divides it five Leagues from the Confines of Picardy eleven from Reims to the West and twenty two from Paris Pepin was first proclaimed King of France in this City in 752. Soissonnois the District belonging to it was heretofore a part of Picardy it lies between Reims to the East Picardy to the North Valois to the West and Le Brie to the South It took this name from the Suessones an old Gallick Tribe which inhabited it before the Roman Conquest Honoured for many Ages with the Title of an Earldom The City hath six Abbeys in it besides Churches and divers Ecclesiastical and Religious Houses In 853. a Council was assembled at it in the presence of Charles the Bald King of France Solane Solana a small River in Aquitain in France which in the Province of Limosine falls into the Courezze by the City of Tulle Solao Salaca a Province of the Higher Aethiopia near the River Tacaz between the Kingdom of Bagamidra to the South and the Province of Arbagela to the North. Soldin the same with Seleusia Pieria a City of Syria Soleurre Salodurum Salodorum a City of Switzerland which is the Capital of a Canton called by its name The Natives call it Soleurre the Germans Solothurn the Italians Soloduro It stands upon the River Arola seven Miles from Basil to the South and from Friburg to the North and five from Berne to the same The Canton is the eleventh in the number small and Roman Catholick Solfarin a small Seigniory or Lordship in Mantoua Solms Solmia a County in Germany which has its Name from a ruined Town on the River Lohne It lies extended from North to South part in Westerwaldt and part in Weteraw between Hassia to the East and Treves to the West under its own Count whose Residence is in the Castle of Brunsfeld Soloe or Soli the Birth-place of the ancient Greek Poet Aratus This City is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Seleucia It stands in Cilicia in Asia Minor and took for some time the name of Pompeiopolis from its re-establishment by Pompey the Great Pliny mentions it upon the account of a Fountain it anciently had of an extraordinary quality Now called Palesoli Sologne Solonia Sicalonia a small Province under the Prefecture of Orleans by Latin Writers also called Secalonia Sigalonia Siligonta and Sabulonia being a Sandy Country particularly fruitful in Wheat and Rice It lies between the Provinces of Orleans Berry and Blaisois but its proper Limits are lost The principal Town in it is Romorentin eight Leagues from Bois South and fourteen from Bourges North. The Islands of Solomon a Mass of great Islands in the Pacifick Sea towards New Zelandt discovered by Alvarez Mendoza in 1567. but little frequented by the Europeans The names of some of them are S. George S. Mark S. Nicholas S. Anne S. Catherine the Three Maries S. James S. Christopher S. Jerome c. Solothurn See Soleure Solpe a City and Bishop's See in the Province called Capitanota in the Kingdom of Naples Solsona a City in Catalonia in Spain which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tarragona made such in 1593. by Pope Clement VIII It stands upon the River Cordoner at the foot of the Mountains about three Leagues from Cardona to the North. A small ill peopled Place though it has been fortified by the French Soltwedel Heliopolis Solvedelia a City in the ancient Marquisate of Brandenburg upon the River Jetz eight German Miles from Vlcan to the East and ten from Havelburg The Inhabitants report it was built by Charles the Great after he had destroyed a Statue of the Sun which was worshipped in this Place Solwey Fryth Ituna an Arm of the Irish Sea which parts England from Scotland Somersetshire Belgae Durotriges Somersetia is a rich populous and fruitful County in the West of England Bounded on the North by the Severne Sea and Glocestershire cut off by the Severne on East by Wiltshire on the South by Dorsetshire and part of Devonshire on the West by Devonshire and the Irish Sea It contains in length from East to West fifty Miles in breadth forty in circuit two hundred and four wherein lie three hundred eighty five Parishes and thirty Market Towns The Air is mild and gentle in the Summer the Roads are extremely miry and deep in the Winter which is recompenced by the Fertility of the Soil yielding Corn and Grass in great plenty nor is it destitute of Mines of Lead Whence comes the usual Proverb here What is worse for the Rider is best for the Abider These Mines are found particularly in Mendip-Hills It has also a Rock called S. Vincent's Rock where are found great plenty of Diamonds equal to those of India in their Lustre but not in hardness It has three Noble Cities Bristol Bath and Wells all which are discoursed of in their proper places The Rivers Parret Tor Tone Frome and others water it besides the Severne's Mouth The first Earl of this County was William de Mohun created in 1138. The second Willam Long-Espee Base Son to Henry II. in 1197. The third Reginald de Mohun in 1296. The fourth John de Beauford in 1396. In which Family it continued till 1471. in six Descents The tenth was Edmond third Son of Henry VI. in 1496. The eleventh Henry Fitz Roy a Base Son of Henry VIII The twelfth Edward Seymor Lord Protector of Edward VI. created Duke in 1546. beheaded in 1552. The thirteenth was William Carre in 1614. The fourteenth William Seymor Marquess of Hartford restored to his Great-Grand father's Title of Duke of Somerset by Charles II. in 1660. since which time there have been five Descents in this Family Somerton a Market Town in Somersetshire The Capital of its Hundred of great consideration heretosore when it is said to have given Name to its County Somme or Some Phrudis Somona Samara a River in Picardy in France which ariseth in a place called Fon Somme in Vermandois two Leagues from S. Quintin to the West and running West watereth Han Peronne Corbie Amiens Abbeville and S. Valery where it falls into the British Sea twelve French Leagues South of Boulogne over against Rye in Sussex having divided Picardy into two parts Sommiers Sommeria a small City in the Lower Languedoc upon the River Vidole four Leagues from Mompellier to the South-East and the same distance from Nismes Once a fortified City Songo a City of the Kingdom of Madingua in the division of Nigritia in Africa Sonneburg one of the chief Towns in the Island
South called Swold's Bay made by the shooting forth chiefly of Easton Ness the most Eastern Point of England The Cliff hath several Pieces of Ordinance planted upon it Sowe the River upon which Stafford is situated Sowtham a Market Town in Warwickshire in the Hundred of Knightlow Spa a small Town in the Bishoprick of Liege in the Low Countries famed for its Medicinal Mineral Waters Spahan See Hispaam Spain Hispania is one of the most considerable Kingdoms in Europe called heretofore Hesperia and Iberia It is separated from France towards the North-East by the Pyrenean Hills on all other sides surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea the Streights of Gibraltar and the Atlantick Ocean so that it lies in the form of a vast Peninsula joined to France by a Neck of eighty Spanish Leagues over Called by the Natives La Espanna by the French L'Espagne by the Italians La Spagna by the English Spain by the Poles Hispanska by the Germans Spanien and by the Dutch Spangien It s greatest length from East to West is one hundred and ninety German Miles or five hundred Italian It s circuit two thousand four hundred and eighty Italian Miles taking in the Creeks and Windings of the Seas and Mountains it is two thousand eight hundred and sixteen Miles the least of which Computations is four hundred and sixty Miles greater than France was forty years agone The ancient Geographers with one consent affirm That it abounded with whatsoever the Ambition or Needs of Men required full of Men and Horses all over replenished with Mines of Gold Silver Brass Iron and Lead white and black had Corn Wine and Oyl in abundance in short so extremely fruitful that if any place for want of Water was less useful yet even there Hemp and Flax thrived very well It was in those days the West-Indies of the World and like them the Store-House of the ancient Treasures The Ancients divided it into three great parts called by them Tarraconensis Baetica and Lusitania First Hispania Tarraconensis was the greatest of the three and the most Eastern On the East bounded by the Pyrenean Hills on the North by the Bay of Biscay on the West by the Atlantick Ocean and Lusitania on the South by the Mediterranean Sea and Baetica Secondly Hispania Baetica was the most Southern part bounded on the East and South by the former in part and by the Ocean on the West and North by the same Ocean and Lusitania Thirdly Hispania Lusitanica was the most Western part extended upon the Ocean between Hispania Tarraconensis and Hispania Baetica The very ancient History of this Country is either fabulous or lost The Phoenicians may justly be supposed to have been the first Civilizers of it and the Founders of the most ancient Cities as Diodorus Siculus and Strabo affirm After these who settled mostly in Baetica the Grecians followed who from Marseille sent many Colonies into Hispania Tarraconensis The Carthaginians were the next who about forty years after they were by the Romans dispossessed of Sicily Sardinia and Corsica in the end of the first Punick War about the year of Rome 512 by the Isle of Gades which was theirs before entered Spain and in less than twenty years under Amilcar Asdrubal and Hannibal the Son of Amilcar destroyed Saguntum built New Carthage conquered all the Nations of this Country as far the Pyrenean Hills and the Mediterranean Sea and might easily have subdued the rest but that Hannibal chose rather to revenge the Injuries of his Country and ruin Rome by an Invasion of Italy The Jealousie of the Carthaginians ruined his Designs in Italy and the Roman Fortunes prevailed in Spain too under Cornelius Scipio about the year of Rome 545. The People having been broken by the Carthaginians submitted the more willingly and easily to the Romans and continued under them till about the year of Christ 400 when Gundericus King of the Vandals first conquered them The Goths followed these and in 418 set up a Kingdom which in time extirpated the Vandals or drove them over the Sea into Africa This Kingdom continued under thirty one Princes till 724 when the Moors came in and after a Fight of seven Days continuance prevailed against the Goths and forced Spain They brought over fifty thousand Families of Moors and Jews and so fixed themselves here that though they were in a short time cantoned into a small Kingdom and the Spaniards with the remainders of the Goths who had secured themselves in the Mountains and other places of difficult access by the help of the French made a gainful and prevailing War upon them yet they could not be intirely subdued before 1492 In after times it is hard to say whether the good Fortunes or ill Government of the Spaniards have contributed most to the ruin of this once most potent Kingdom For first Ferdinando and Isabella in 1492 expelled out of Spain one hundred and seventy thousand Families of the Jews Philip II. in 1610. expelled nine hundred thousand Moors And America being found in the mean time the numbers of Spaniards that passed thither is unknown Philip I. succeeded in 1504 The first Prince of the House of Austria who reigned in Spain Charles V. his Son in 1516. Philip II. in 1556. Philip III. in 1598. Philip IV. in 1621. Charles II. the present King began his Reign in September 1665 being then an Infant This Kingdom is now divided into fifteen Kingdoms or Provinces viz. 1. Navarre 2. Biscay 3. Guipuscòa 4. Leon and Oviedo 5. Gallicia 6. Corduba 7. Granada 8. Murcia 9. Toledo 10. Castile 11. Portugal 12. Valentia 13. Catalonia 14. The Kingdom of Majorca 15. And the Kingd of Arragon Which are at this day all reduced under three Crowns or Governments Castile Portugal and Arragon The Religion professed is strict Roman Catholick especially since the introducing the Inquisition by Pedro Gonsales de Mendoza Archbishop of Toledo in 1478. The Christian Faith was taught this Nation very early by S. James or more probably by S. Paul Arianisin entered with the Goths and continued till 588. They never heard of the Roman Rites till after 1083 when a Frenchman being made Archbishop of Toledo endeavoured the Introduction of that Service and was at first opposed in it by all the other Prelates and People It had been well for Spain if it had never been received seeing it has cost that Nation so many of its People no less than three thousand Families having been destroyed by the Inquisition in one Diocese in three years not to mention the loss of the United Netherlands and the ruin of Flanders The Cities of Spain are too numerous to be here inserted New Spain Hispania Nova is a considerable Country in North America called by the Spaniards la Nueva Espanna and sometimes el Mexico from its Capital City It contains all that space of Land between the North and the South Sea that lies between the Terra Firma or Streight of Panama to the East and Florida to
of Gibraltar towards the Atlantick Ocean and was anciently an Archbishops See and an University The Goths possessed it after the Romans and annexed it to the Government of Ceuta In 1471. Alphonsus King of Portugal made himself Master of it From which time it continued in the possession of that Crown till in 1662. it was put by the Portuguese into the hands of the English Charles II. having bestowed immense charges upon the Haven and Out-Works of it after it had prosperously repelled several Attacks of the Moors in 1663 1664. and in 1682 in 1683. by the Lord Dartmouâ—h that Prince ordered all the Forts and Works to be blown up the Mole to be slighted and withdrew the Garrison into England finding the benefit not equal to the charge of keeping it Long. 6. 30. Lat. 35. 56. Tangermund Tangermunda a Town in the Old Marquisate of Brandenburg upon the Elbe where it takes in the River Tanger seven German Miles from Magdeburgh to the North toward Havelburgh Heretofore a very strong and considerable place The Emperour Charles IV. kept his Court there but in the Swedish War it was often taken and suffered so very much that it is become very inconsiderable now Tangu Tangum a Kingdom in the Further East-Indies by the River Menan which has a City of the same name and was formerly subject to the King of Pegu. Tangut Tangutum a Kingdom in the Asian Tartary towards China and the East-Indies The Capital City of it is Tangu Tanjaor a City and Kingdom in Coromandel in the East-Indies formerly subject to the King of Bisnagar but has now a Prince of its own who is a Tributary to the former It lies sixty Miles from the Coast of Coromandel to the West Tanor a small Kingdom in the Hither East-Indies in the Promontory of Malabar which hath a City of the same name five Leagues from Calecut to the South The King resides at a Palace one League from the City and preservs a strict Alliance with the Portuguese Taormina a City of Sicily Tapaysa or Tapy a great River of South America which riseth in the Borders of Brasil and after having given name to a Province falls into the River of Amasons in Guiana Tapiaw a Town in the Ducal Prussia in the Kingdom of Poland Taprobane See Zeilan Tapsus an ancient City in the Province of Byzacena now in the Kingdom of Tunis in Barbary Caesar besieged it to oblige Scipio to a Battel and after his Defeat of Scipio it surrendred to the Conquerour Tapua guazu a Province of South America in Paragua near the Lake of Xaray in the Borders of Brasil Tapuâ—es a people of Brasil in the Prefecture of Santo Spirito Tara Taras a small River in the Province of Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples which arising from the Apennine near Massafra falls into the Gulph of Taranto by the City of Taranto which has its name from this River Taragale a City in the Region of Darha in Biledulgerid in Africa near the City of Darha fortified with a Castle and a considerable Garrison for the security of the Mint which the Emperour of Marocco keeps here The Jews have about four hundred Families in it The Country adjacent affords plenty of Corn Pasturage and Dates Taranto Tarentum Vrbs Salentinorum a City in the Province of Otranto in the Kingdom of Naples called at this day Tarente by the French Built by a Band of Lacedemonian Bastards and made the Capital of the ancient Magna Graecia who having no Inheritance at home were sent hither to seek their fortunes in the year of the World 3242. forty five years after the building of Rome It became a famous Common-Wealth It s ancient Inhabitants the Tarentini solicited Pyrrhus's Descent into Italy to make War with the Romans In the year of Rome 481. Milo a Citizen of it betrayed it to the Romans In the second Punick War it received Hannibal And in the year of Rome 545. was recovered out of his hands again by Quintus Fabius Maximus In 631. it was made a Roman Colony In 1194. Henry IV. gave it to VVilliam the Son of Tancred Prince of Taranto when he had caused him to be castrated to prevent any Posterity It is now an Archbishops See small but strong and well peopled has a Castle garrisoned with Spaniards The Haven was once very good but spoiled by great Stones sunk in the Mouth of it so that none but small Ships can enter it This City has also still the Honour of the Title of a Principality It stands upon a Peninsula on a Bay of its own Name at the Mouth of the River Tara Some derive the Name of the Tarantulae whose Venom is cured only by violent dancing from it In 1614. a Synod was held here by its Archbishop Long. 41. 30. Lat. 39. 58. Tarara Cemmenus a Mountain near Lyons in France more commonly called les Sevennes Tarascon Tarasco an ancient Roman Town in Provence in France upon the Rhosne four Leagues beneath Avignon to the South and three from Arles It is great and populous and has two strong Castles a Collegiate Church with divers Ecclesiastical and Religious Houses The Reliques of S. Martha are said to be preserved here Tarazona Turiaso an ancient Roman City in the Kingdom of Arragon in Spain which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sarragosa upon the River Queois four Leagues from Tudela to the North-West and ten from Bilbao to the North. This City was recovered from the Moors by Alphonsus VIII in 1010. And is chiefly commended for the rare temper of its Steel Long. 19. 02. Lat. 42. 50. Tarbes Tarba Turba Castrum Bigorrae a City of Aquitam in the County of Bigorre whereof it is the Capital seated in a pleasant Plain upon the River Adour well peopled and has a Castle called Bigorre which gave name to this County It is also a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Aux from which this City stands nine Miles to the North-West and six from Pau to the East Tarczal Carpates the Carpathian Hills which divide Hungary and Transylvania from Poland Tardenois Tardanensis Comitatus a County in the Isle of France between the Marne to the South and the Vesle to the North its true Bounds are now lost Tardera Alba Tholobi a River in Catalonia which falls into the Mediterranean Sea at Blanes nine Miles from Barcinone to the North. Tarentaise Tarentesia a Tract or Valley in the Dukedom of Savoy between the Alpes and the Dukedom of Aouste to the East Hossano to the North Savoy properly so called to the West and the Valley di Moriana to the South This was the Seat of the ancient Centrones The principal place in it Montiers It is one of the three principal Provinces of the Dukedom of Savoy but very Mountainous and Barren Targa a Kingdom Desart City and Lake in Africa in Zaara between the Desart of Lempta to the East Zuenziga to the West Biledulgerida to the Noâ—â—h and Nigritia to the South
Sir William Cecil Lord Treasurer of England built it and Robert Lord Cecil his Son of the same office to K. Jam I much beautified it Theoskeposti the Grotto in the Island of Patmos in the Archipelago wherein S. John is said to have written his Apocalypse Thermia Ferma and Ferminea as the Italians call it Polyaegas an Island in the Archipelago towards Europe which hath a considerable City of its own name and a Castle and a Spring of hot mineral Waters not far from the Sea from whence it took the name of Thermia Thermodon the same with Pormon § The Ancients frequently mention a River in Scythia Europaea in the Country of the Amazons of this name also Thermopylae a Streight or narrow passage at the great Mountain Oeta and the Gulph of Zyton in the extreme Borders of the Province of Thessalia in Macedonia leading into Phocis in Achaia Now called Bocca di Lupo or the Wolf's mouth Of great fame in Antiquity for being maintained by Leonidas General of the Lacedaemonians with three or four hundred Men against a vast Army of the Persians under Xerxes Thespia an ancient City of Boeotia in Greece near the Mountain Helicon It has been a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Athens But as it lies now under the Tyranny of the Turks a poor Village Thessalia a very considerable Province of Macedonia toward the South Bounded on the South by Achaia now Livadia on the West by Epirus on the North by Macedonia properly so called and by the Archipelago and the Bay of Thessalonica to the East The Capital City of which is Larissa now called Comenolitari by Castaldus and by Brietius Janna under the Turks It had in the beginning Kings of its own Next it became subject to the Macedonians and Romans It had Marquesses of its own in the latter part of the times of the Greek Emperors Bonifacius being made Marquess of Thessalia in 1210 whose Posterity possessed it till about 1380. When Amurath Conquered the greatest part of this Country and his Posterity still enjoy it It is incompassed by the Olympus Pindus Ossa and Oeta four great Mountains its Inhabitants were in the ancient Times so famous for their Chivalry that Philip of Macedon sought and obtained the Dominion of it chiefly on that account Very fruitful reasonably well Peopled and for the most part inhabited by Christians Thessalonica a great Maritim City of Macedonia the Metropolis of that ancient Kingdom called of old Thermae now Salonichi It has had the fortune to keep up something of its ancient Greatness and Wealth still an Archbishops See and a populous City defended by ancient Walls and a Castle and blessed with a large safe Haven The greatest part of its Inhabitants are Jews It stands at the foot of an Hill upon a small River at the bottom of a Bay called by its own name two hundred and twenty Miles from Durazzo to the East three hundred and fifty from Constantinople to the South-West and two hundred and thirty from Athens to the North. Long. 47. 50. Lat. 42. 10. S. Paul Converted it to the Christian Faith and wrote two Epistles to it about the year of Christ 52. Timothy was sent by S. Paul to instruct and confirm them in the same Faith In 390. Theodosius the Great slew seven thousand of its Inhabitants for a Tumult In 895. It was taken and sacked by the Saracens In 1423. it was sold to the Venetians In 1431. Amurath II. took it from them In the year 1688. the Venetians bombarded it till the Inhabitants submitted to the Contributions demanded of them Thetford Sitomagum Sciani a small but very ancient Roman Town in the County of Norfolk upon the little Ouse in the Borders of the County of Suffolk Twenty Miles from Norwich to the South-West seventeen from Ely to the East and eight from Bury to the North. This ancient Town was sacked by Sweno the Dane in 1004. and suffered more from them in 1010. About 1047. the Bishops See of the East-Angles was removed hither from Elmham Herebert the next Bishop removed in 1067. to Norwich The Conqueror in his Survey sound two hundred Houses soon after empty ever since it has been decaying yet it is a Corporation sends two Burgesses to Parliament and gave the Title of a Viscount to the Right Honourable Henry Bennet Earl of Arlington The Lent Assizes for the County are usually kept here Thiano a ruined City in the Province called Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples which had a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Benevento Thibet Thibetum a Kingdom in the Asiatick Tartary between Tartary properly so called and the Desart Tartary to the North Indosthan to the South Tangut to the East and Mawaralnatharia to the West Of which there is little known but the Name Some make it the same with others a part of Turquestan Thienen Atheniensis Legio Tenae and Tillemontium is a Town of Brabant called by the French Tillemont upon the small Rivolet Geet which beneath Hallen falls into the Demere about six Leagues from Namur to the North and a little more from Brussels to the East Now a great Town and formerly of great Import and Trade as appears by this that her Walls have been thrice inlarged In the late Wars saith Guicciardin between the French Liegeois and Low Countries it has been much wasted and in part desolated though the Inhabitants enjoy great Privileges In 1578. this Place was ceded to Don John of Austria In 1635. taken by the French Thionville Divodurum Theodonis Villa a City in the Dukedom of Luxemburgh called by the Germans Diedenhoven It is a small but very strong Place and stands upon the Moselle four Leagues from Mets to the North nine from Trier to the South-West and about eleven from Montmedi to the East This Place was much beloved and frequented by Charles the Great as Eginhard saith He ordinarily assembled the Nobility and Clergy of his Estates here and particularly in 806 when he parted his Kingdom amongst his three Sons In 835. a Council at this City deposed the Archbishop of Rheims as Author of an attempt against the Person of Lewis the Debonaire K. of France whom the said Archbishop and his Adherents had deprived of Royal Dignity In 844. Charles the Bald assisted at another Council here In the latter Times it was often taken by the French who ever since 1644. have intirely possessed it the Peace of the Pyrenees confirming it to them Thorax a Mountain near the City Manissa in Lydia in the Lesser Asia The Christians of S. Thomas an ancient Church of the Eastern Christians about Goa Meliapour Cranganoor c. in the Hither East-Indies Which claiming its Establishment from the Apostle S. Thomas whose Body is pretended to be preserved at Goa keeps it self at an entire Independency from the Laws and Rites of both the Roman and Greek Churches whose several Founders it says were the Heads of the Churches of their own Foundations
two and twenty Miles from Clermont to the West and fourteen from Limoges to the South Long. 22. 59. Lat. 45. 20. The Bishops are Lords and Viscounts of the City Tulujas Tulugiae a Castle in the County of Rousillon in Catalonia one League from Perpignan at which in 1050. the Council called Concilium Tulugiense was celebrated Tun a River in the County of Kent falling into the Medway Tunbridge stands upon it Tunbridge a Market Town in the County of Kent in Aylesford Lath upon the River Tun. Much noted for its Mineral Wells Tunchang a City in the Province of Xanton in the Kingdom of China upon the River Inn in the Borders of Pechin Tunis Tunes Tunetum a City and Sea-Port on the Coast of Barbary upon the Mediterranean Sea now called by the Natives Tune by the Spaniards Tunez by the Italians Tunisi It is great strong and populous about five Miles in compass containing three hundred Mosques besides the grand one which is a Noble Structure twelve Christian Chappels eight Synagogues of the Jews twenty four Cells for Hermites one hundred and fifty Hott-Houses eighty six Schools nine Colleges maintained upon the Publick Expence sixty four Hospitals and about ten thousand Families The Venetians Genouese and others drive a great Trade with it It has two Walls a Palace Royal a Magazine of Merchandises a spacious Haven and Prisons for Christian Slaves too well known Seated in a Plain by the Lake Barbasueco nine Leagues from the Ruines of Carthage and from the Shoars of the Mediterranean Sea eighteen from Goletta at the bottom of a Bay to the West of the most Western Cape of Sicily Not far from this place Regulus the Roman Consul was defeated and taken by the Carthaginians In the Times of Christianity it was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Carthage In the year 1270 unsuccessfully besieged by Lewis IX King of France In the year 1535. taken by Charles V. In 1570. it returned under its former Kings who being since extinct it is governed like a Common-wealth under the Protection of the Turk but very infamous for Pyracies Long. 34. 53. Lat. 32. 10. The Country about it yields Olives Fruits Grain and Pasturage very well The Kingdom of Tunquin or Tonquin Tunchinum is bounded on the East and North by that of China on the South by Cochinchina and by the great Bay on the West by the Kingdom of Brama The Capital City of it is Kecio The King of this City is also Master of a part of the Province of Quansio He formerly paid Tribute to the Emperour of China Now Homage only by an Ambassadour by an Establishment in 1667. Of late years the Christian Religion has been preached with good success as is said by the Missionaries of the Church of Rome A Kingdom of great power and nigh as large as France situated in 20 deg of Lat. and 145. Long. Mostly under the Torrid Zone yet very fruitful and healthful and watered with above fifty Rivers Cochin China was formerly a Province of it now a Kingdom tributary to it It is said to contain about twenty thousand Towns and Cities The Sect of the Chinese Philosopher Confusius obtains much amongst the Tonquinese It became a separate Kingdom about seven hundred years ago Before which it depended as a Province upon the Empire of China Turcomania Armenia Major a vast Country in the Lesser Asia of old called Armenia It lies between Georgia to the North the rest of the Lesser Asia to the West Persia to the East and Diarbeck to the South This was the first Country the Turks possessed after they came out of Tartary being most probably descended from the Scythians that lay betwixt the Euxine and Caspian Seas under Tangrolipix about the year of Christ 1037. But the present Line was begun by Osman or Ottoman about the year 1290 who was a Husbandman or common Labourer and by his Valour raised this Family Bursa in Bithynia was the first Seat of their Empire afterwards Adrianople and then Constantinople Solyman the present Emperour of the Turks is the one and twentieth of this Line set up by the Army against Mahomet IV. his Brother out of a Discontent at his Misfortunes in the present War against the Christians November 9. 1687. Turenne Turena a Town in Limosin two Leagues from Courez and four from Tulles Turin Turino Augusta Taurinorum Tauriana Taurinum the Capital City of Piedmont in Lombardy called by the Italians Torino by the French Turin It is an Archbishops See and the Seat of the Duke of Savoy in a very fruitful and pleasant well watered Plain twenty Miles from the Alpes upon the River Po where it receives the Doria Adorned with a strong and beautiful Castle built by Emanuel Philbert Duke of Savoy in 1565. It has also an University opened here by Pope Benedict XIII in 1405. and the Courts of Justice for that Province are held in it The City is very strong and grows greater and more splendid yet in the year 1640. it was taken by the French Long. 29. 30. Lat. 43 50. The dispute betwixt the Bishops of Vienne and Arles for the Primacy was heard but not definitively decided by an ancient Council held here in 397. or 401. The Empire of the Turks containeth from East to West accounting from the Western Borders of the Kingdom of Algiers to the City Balsara upon the Persian Gulph the space of at least eight hundred Leagues From North to South that is from Caffa in the Taurica Chersonesus or rather from the City Tanais near the Lake of Moeotis to Aden on the Mouth of the Red Sea and the Streights of Babelmandel 7 hundred other Leagues which together make an Empire of the greatest Extent of any Seignior or Sovereign in these parts of the World and therefore the Emperor thereof bears the Title of the Grand Seignior He hath in Asia Natolia Syria Turcomannia Diarbech and the three Arabia's In Africa he hath the Kingdoms of Barca and Egypt and the States of Algiers Tunis and Tripoli are under his Protection In Europe his Dominion extends over Romelia Macedonia Albania Thrace most of the Islands of the Archipelago Sclavonia Servia Croatia Bulgaria and part of Hungary except what this present War hath dismembred from them when the Princes of Transylvania Moldavia and Walachia paid him also Tribute as the Republick of Ragusa also did and even the Crim Tartars recognize his Protection In the whole before the present War there were twenty five Governments in this Empire To wit Cairo in Egypt for Africa Aleppo Caramit Natolia Cogni Chars Damascus Van Mosul Suvas Bagdet Erzerum Trebizonde Tripoli c. in Asia In Europe Caffa Candia Cyprus Romelia Bosnia Temeswaer and Buda The beginning of this Empire was laid in the Greater Armenia about the year 1037. In 1290. the Ottoman Line took its rise See Turcomania whose Power over the Subject is come to be completely Absolute Arbitrary Despotical Tyrannical They pray by the Alcoran and
In length from North to South 100 Miles in breadth from East to West 130 in circumference 420. Tho it lies so far to the North yet it is not subject to any extremity of Weather the various Winds cooling it in Summer and frequent Rains mollifying the sharpness of the Air in Winter The Soil is fruitful in Corn and Grass affords great plenty of Timber and Fruit Trees It abounds with Lakes and Rivers which are well stored with Fish and Fowles and of sufficient depth for carrying Boats and Vessels It wants not excellent Harbours on the Sea and Ocean This Province contains these Counties Dunghall or Tyrconnel Upper Tyrone Nether Tyrone Fermanagh Cavan Monaghan Colrane or London-Derry Antrim Downe Armagh and Louth The Capital City is Armagh or Armath The rest are London-Derry Dunghall Downe and Knockfergus Ulverstoit a Market Town in Lancashire in the Hundred of Loynsdale upon a Stream falling into an Arm of the Sea near Leversand Umbriatico Vmbraticum Brustacia a City in the Hither Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sancta Severina from which it stands 10 Miles to the North. Umbrone See Ombrone Umegiunaibe a City of the Province of Cuzt in the Kingd of Fez in Barbary betwixt the Rivers Esacha and Mulvia Underwaldt Sylvania Sylvaniensis and Vndervaldensis Pagus a Canton in Switzerland the Capital of which is Stantz On the North it is divided from Schwitz by the Lake of Lucerne on the East it has the Canton of Vri on the South that of Berne and and on the West Lucerne This is one of the lesser Cantons The Inhabitants profess the Roman Catholick Religion A Wood or Forrest called Kernwalt the Oak Forrest divides this Canton in the midst and from thence it has its Name This Canton began to free it self about 1260. First admitted into the general League in 1307 from thenceforward they have had the sixth place in the Roll or List of the Cantons Unghwar Vngaria a small City in the Upper Hungary which is the Capital of a County of the same name at the Foot of the Carpathian Hills This City stands upon the River Vngh in the Borders of Red Russia 6 Hungarian Miles from Cassovia to the East and from Zatmar to the North. Has been always in the Hands of the Christian Princes It joyned with Teckeley and was retaken by the Emperor in the year 1685 yet situated naturally strong Some Hungarian Historians derive the Name of their Country from this City or its River Unna an Hanse Town in the County of Mark in Westphalia in Germany which was a considerable City but now very small and subject to the Duke of Brandenburg Ten Miles from Dartmund to the East and from the Borders of Munster to the South Uoidanar Atrax one of the principal Cities of Thessaly upon the River Atrax 30 Miles from Larissa to the West Uoigtlandt Voigtlandia Voigtia a Province of Germany in the Upper Saxony and Misnia for the most part under the Elector of Saxony It lies between Bohemia to the East and Franconia to the West The principal Places in which are Swickaw Plauwen and Gratz Uolcano in the Italian and Spanish Tongues signifies a Burning Mountain Of which sort there are in several places of the World about twenty Uolfembuttel Wolfembutel a City of Germany in the Dukedom of Brunswisk Uolga See Wolga Uolhinia Superior a part of Red Russia called also the Palatinate of Luceoria Bounded with Russia properly so called to the West Podolia to the South the Palatinate of Brescia to the North and Kiovia to the East The Capital of it is Lusuck Uolhinia Inferior See the Palatinate of Kiovia Uolo a Town and Fortress upon the Gulph of its own Name and the Coast of the Province of Thessalia in Macedonia North of the Island of Negrepont It is the same place with the Pagasae of the Antients and the same Gulph with their Sinus Pagasicus The Turks made a Magazine of it both for Amunition and Provision It hath a sure and spacious Port. In the year 1655. Morosini resolving to seize the Turkish Magazine stormed the Town and Fortress till he made himself Master of both he put on board his Fleet twenty seven Canons and above four Millions of Pounds weight of Bisket Burnt the Magazine Houses and Mosques and levelled the Walls to the ground Uolcei an antient People of Latium in Italy who resisted the Roman Power very much to their own loss T. Sicinius Consul defeated them in the year of Rome 257. Q. Capitolinus beat them again in 316. A. Postloumius Tubertus Dictator triumphed over them in 325. And Camillus constrained them to submit in 365. Their Country now makes a part of Campagna di Roma Uolterra Volaterra Volaterrae one of the most antientest Cities in Italy in Hetruria in the Territory of Pisa upon a Mountain and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Florence from whence it stands 34 Miles to the South In 1578. and 1590. Synods were celebrated here The Soil about it yields abundance of Mineral Waters There are divers antient Statues yet remaining in this City Lon. 33. 40. Lat. 42. 46. Uoltorno Vulturnus a River in the Kingdom of Naples it springeth out of the Apennine in the Borders of the hither Abruzzo and flowing South through the Province di Lavoro near Venafro and Aliâ—i beneath Tolesi it receives the Sabato and watering Capua falls into the Tyrrhenian Sea 20 Miles North of Naples Uoltutiraria Vulturaria a small City in the Capitanata in the Kingdom of Naples a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Benevento from which it stands 24 Miles to the North. Uoville a Town in Poictiers in France where Clovis King of France gained a great Victory over Alarick King of the Goths whom he slew with his own hands in the year of Christ 507. Uoutenai a place near Auxerre in Burgundy where Charles surnamed the Bald got a great Victory over Lothaire in the year of Christ 841. Uplandia a Province in the Kingdom of Sweden the Capital of it is Vpsal in which stands Stockholm the Royal City of that Kingdom Bounded on the North with Gestricia on the East by the Baltick Sea on the South by the Sudermannia and on the West by Westmannia Very fruitful and well cultivated Uppingham a well built neat Market Town in the County of Rutland and the Hundred of Martinsley situated upon an Hill and accommodated with a Free-School and an Hospital Upsal Vpsalia is the Capital City in the Kingdom of Sweden in the Province of Vpland in 1148. made an Archbishops See by Pope Eugenius III. It stands upon the River Sala which falls into the Lake of Ekolen seven Swedish Miles from Stockholm to the North. Long. 44. 15. Lat. 60. 05. It was for many Ages the Seat of the Kings of Gothland and to this day the Kings of Sweden are crown'd there in memory of its antient Glory It is also an University defended by a strong Castle built
Gates of Geneva Gold is found amongst its Sands Arundale Aruntina Vallis a Corporation in Sussex upon the River Arun in which there is a Castle a stately place strong by Art and Nature The Name State and Dignity of Earl belongs to whoever is possessed of this Mannor and Castle without any other Consideration or Creation to be an Earl as Mr Camden acquaints us out of the Parliament Rolls of the 11. H. VI. This Castle stands 9 Miles East of Chichester and the Fee is in the Hands of the most Noble Henry Duke of Norfolk Earl Marshal of England by Inheritance granted by Charles II. in 1672. to the Father of this present Duke who is the Eldest Duke Earl and Baron in England and the first Protestant of this Noble and Illustrious Branch The marmora Arundeliana have made this name universally known amongst the Ingenious of all parts The Corporation sends Two Burgesses to the Parliament Arzilla Zilia Azella a maritime Town in the Province of Hasbata in the Kingdom of Fez upon the Atlantique Ocean well fortified Alphonsus V. King of Portugal surnamed Africanus took it in 1471. The King of Fez besieged it in 1508. without Victory Afterwards the Portuguese abandon'd it Arzeron Aziris a City of Armenia upon the Euphrates the Turkish Viceroy of which has under him 17 subordinate Governors Asasi a Town in the Kingdom of Marocco Asaph Elâ—â—a Asaphopolis a Town and Bishops See in Flintshire in Wales this Bishoprick was erected by Kentigern Bishop of Glascow in Scotland in the year 560. He returning afterwards into Scotland made Asaph a holy Man Bishop of this place from whom it has its Name There is in this Diocese 128 Parishes The Town is mean as well as the Church and it stands upon the River Cluyd about three Miles from the Sea and sixteen from Chester Lat. 53. 22. Long. 3. 17. Asborn a Market Town in Darbyshire in the Hundred of Wirksworth Ascalon was heretofore a City of Judaea in the Tribe of Dan upon the Sea Coast and one of the strongest holds of the Philistines Baldwin I. King of Jerusalem took it from the Saracens about the year 1153. It was made a Bishops See but so destroyed since that not above 50 Families now dwell in it who are Moors and Turks Ascania an antient Town in the Principality of Anhalt in Germany betwixt Magdebourg and Northuhausen it gives the Title of a Count. Aschaffenbourg Asciburgum a City in Germany in the Diocese of Mentz but in the Limits of Franconia and therefore by some ascribed to that Province Heretofore an Imperial or Hans-Town but afterwards exempted it is divided into two parts by the River Mayn which falls into Rhine at Mentz There is in it a stately Palace built of square Stone called Johansburg where the Elector of Mentz often resides This Town is distant from Frankford 6 Miles Eastward Aschen a Castle in Bavaria Aschersleben Ascania an old Town in the Diocese of Halberstad in the Principality of Anhalt in Germany whence the House of Anhalt receives the Name of principes Ascanii almost ruined Ascherne Aschenten Askarna a Town in the County of Limerick in Munster in Ireland upon a River of the Name Ascoli di Satriano Asculum Apulum a small decaying City an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Benevento in the Kingdom of Naples in the County called the Principate at the foot of the Apennine 35 Miles East from Benevento This City is built on a Hill a former which stood near it having been ruin'd in the year 1399. by a dreadful Earthquake this was built in the year 1410. by the Inhabitants of the other Ascoli upon the River Tronto a City in the Marcha Anconitana in Italy with an Episcopal See immediately under the Pope The Birthplace of Pope Nicholas IV. as formerly of Betutius Barrus an Orator mentioned by Cicero In 1557. the French and Spaniards had a Battle near this place The antient Inhabitants were the first that confederated against the Romans in the Marsick War Sometime after that it was almost ruined but rebuilt and fell to be one of the first Temporal Demains of the Pope Ascot a Mannor in the County of Buckingham which has long belonged to the Loyal Family of the Dormers Earls of Carnarvan and Viscounts of Ascot who were advanced to this Honor Aug. 2. 1628. by Charles I. for whom Robert the first Earl died fighting in the Battle of Newberry in 1643. Asebin Nisivis See Nisbin Asgar a Province in the Kingdom of Fez in Africa to the West between the Provinces of Fez and Habat It s principal Towns are Arasch and Alcasar-Quivir Ashby de la Zouch a Market-Town and Barony in Leicestershire which saith Camden is now in the Earls of Huntington one of which Family Sir William Hastings procured the Town the Privilege of a Fair in the Reign of Henry VI. It stands in the North-West Corner of the County about eleven Miles North-East from Eaton Ash-burtun a Corporation seated upon the River Dart in Devonshire which sends two Burgesses to the Parliament it stands about 17 Miles from Exeter to the South-West and 5 Miles from Newton Ashdale a Place in Scotland of which the late Duke of Monmouth was Baron Ashdod Azotus a City in the Holy Land which was one of the Principalities of the Philistines in S. Jerom's time it was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Caesarea now a Village called Alzete by the Turks See Azotus Ashford a Market-Town in Kent upon the River Stower in Scray-Lath Ashkrig a Market-Town in Yorkshire in the North-riding and the Hundred of Hang West A S I A the first of the Four parts of the World the Mother and for a long time the Nurse and Mistress of Mankind for here in this Man was created and after the Deluge this was the Place God chose to give Mankind a second Beginning in the 2 first of the General Monarchies viz. the Assyrian and Persian were in this part and to it chiefly was the Church confined till our blessed Saviour came It is washed on three sides by the vast Ocean which on the East is called the Eastern or Pacifick Ocean on the North the Tartarian Ocean or Mar del Norte on the West the Aethiopian Ocean and the Red Sea and it is divided from Europe by the Mediterranean and Black Sea with the Rivers of Tanais Don or Tana Rha and Obb. It is only parted from Europe by the space of 300 German Miles more or less by these Rivers connected to Africa by a Neck of Land of about 30 Miles and whether the North-East part of it is not united with the North-West part of America could never yet be discovered tho probably there is a streight or narrow Sea between them so that lying in the midst of the other three it was the fittest place to be made the Cradle of Mankind from whence the other were all to be peopled It lies in length from the Hellespont to Malacca the utmost Eastern
negligence of the Spaniards grew so strong and numerous that all their after Attempts signified nothing Their Sugars which at first were coarse and would quickly melt if not spent are now improved to a great Perfection This Island is not well Watered with Rivers or fresh Springs yet lying now they want not that Element being supplied by Pools Ponds and Cisterns It is very fruitful and enjoys a perpetual Summer Hot but cooled by the Briezes which rise with the Sun and blow fresher as the Sun gets higher The chief Town of this Island is S. Michaels situate at the bottom of Carlisle Bay in the Southern part of the Island where Ships have a very secure Harbor Barbara a small Village in the Island of Sicily but once a City of great Fame and much taken notice of by Greek and Latin Writers under the several names of Aegesta Egesta Acesta and Segesta c. It lies 22 Miles from the Promontory and City of Drepanum now called Trapano to the North-West and 40 from Palermo upon the Western Shoar of the Island near it runs a small River which now beareth the name of S. Bartholomew Barbary Barbaria a large Country in the Western part of Africa lying a considerable length from East to West but not of equal breadth it is bounded on the North by the Mediterranean Sea on the East by Egypt on the West by the Atlantick Ocean and on the South by the Atlantick Mountains which separate it from Biledulgeridia In the times of the Roman Empire this vast Tract of Land was divided into divers Provinces viz. Mauritania Tingitana Casariensis Sitifensis Numidia Africa propria Byzacena Tripolitana Marmorica and Cyreniaca it is now divided into the Kingdoms of Fez Morocco Algiers Constantine antiently Cirta Tunis and Tripoly with the Territory of Barcana This Country was in antient times subject to the Commonwealth of Carthage and the great Kings of Mauritania and Numidia after it fell into the Romans Possession I have shew'd how they divided it Here was a most flourishing Church till the 5 Century in the begining of which the Vandals then Arians entered it and brought in their Heresie with them but that which more effectually contributed to the ruin of Christianity here was the Conquest of it by the Moors in 647 when one Hucha a famous General whom Osmen the Third Caliph of the Saracens imployed to that purpose finally expell'd the Romans and ever since the Moors have possessed it who being the most enraged Enemies of Christianity that ever professed the Mahometan Law have so far extirpated Christianity that there is very few if any of the Inhabitants of this vast Tract of Land which profess it Barbela a River in the Kingdom of Congo in Africa which falls into the River Zaire which washeth the Walls of S. Saviour or Banza the Capital of this Kingdom Barbenzon Barbentio a Principality in Hainaut Barberino Barberinum a small Town in Tuscany in Italy from whence the Noble Family of the Barberines receive their name of which Family Pope Vrban VIII was who succeeded Gregory XV. and sate 21. Years viz. from 1623. to 1644. This small Town is built upon an Hill in the Road between Florence and Siena 16 Miles from the former toward the South Barbowyna Berbis a Village of the lower Hungary where the Ruins of an antient Roman Town are yet seen upon the Drave 3 German Miles from Quinque Ecclesiae towards the South Barbuda or Barbada one of the Caribby Islands in America under the English but of no very great Account It is in length 15 Miles Lat. North 17. d. â— Barca Marmorica a small Kingdom in Africa on the West of Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea under the Empire of the Turks But there is no Town of any note in it there is adjoining to it a Desart called by the same name Barceâ— Barcetum a Castle in the Dukedom of Parma between the Rivers of Parma and Taro and the Apennine 22 Miles from Parma toward the South and 16 from Pentremoli There was antiently a very famous Monastery built here by the Kings of the Lombards Barcelona Barcino a City of Catalonia in Spain which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tarragona and an University it has an excellent Port upon the Mediterranean Sea well Traded and also a Castle This City is the Capital of that Province and esteemed one of the best Cities of Spain Built by Hamilcar a Carthaginian and called by his Punick Sirname of Barca In the Year of our Lord 805. it was recovered out of the hands of the Moors by S. Lewis King of France it is seated between the outlet of the River Badelona Baetulo which runs on the Eastern sides and that of Lobregat Rubicatus which at the distance of 2 Miles on the Eastern side falls into the Mediterranean Sea It stands 12 Leagues from Tarragona East and 16 from â—â—rona towards the South and 13 from Ossuna Taken by the French in 1640 but returned under the Spaniard in 1652 after a very sharp Siege This City was Honored with the Title of an Earldom by Lewis the Good after he had taken it from the Saracens Charles the Gross gave this Earldom to Godfrey d'Arria for his Service against the Normans and his Heirs after the Death of Raimond the last Earl it was united to the Kingdom of Arragon in 1162. There were 3 small Councils celebrated in this City one in 540. one in 603. and the last in 1064. James II. King of Arragon died here in 1327 Alfonsus IV. in 1336. and John II. in 1479. Barcelonette a Town and Valley in Provence heretofore now in the Dominions of the Duke of Savoy Built or rebuilt by Raimond V. Earl of Provence in 1231 who called it by this name in memory that his Ancestors came into Provence from Barcelona in Spain Barcelor a City of the East-Indies under the Dominion of the King of Bisnagar upon the Sea Shoar between Goa and Canora It lies in almost 15 d. of Northern Lat. and Long. 105. This City was some time under the Portuguese but is now recovered bythe King of Bisnagnar a potent Indian Prince It was also heretofore the Capital of a distinct Kingdom Barcelos Celiobriga a small Town in Portugal Honored with the Title of a Dukedom It lies in the County of Entre Douro é minho upon the River Cavado which not far from thence falls into the Atlantick Ocean 6 Leagues North of Porto and 4 West of Braga Barcena Coloe a Marsh in Aethiopia out of which ariseth the River of Astapus as Ptolomy saith Bardewic a most antient City in Saxony within a Mile of Lunenburg said to be built 990 Years before the coming of our Saviour Bardi a People amongst the antient Gauls in very great Esteem with them for Poetry and Musick supposed to dwell about Montbard or Mont-Barri in Latin Mons Bardorum a Mountain in the Territory of Auxois in Burgundy which still retains their Name Bardt a
Brunsberg § Brandenburg Island or the Island of Vulcan Insula Vulcani so called because it sometimes burns and vomits Fire like Aetna is an Island in the Indian Ocean towards the Eastern Coast of New-Guiney Brandon a Market-Town in the County of Suffolk upon the lesser Ouse 5 Miles West of Thetford and ten North of Bury Charles Gorard Earl of Macclesfield in Cheshire was created Viscount of this Place July 23. 1679. by Charles II. Brantosme Brantosma an Abbey and Town in the County of Perigord in France upon the River Droune which there receives the Colle Supposed to be founded by Charles M. Braskow Brascovia a City and Bishops See in the Province of VValachia in the Kingdom of Hungary towards the Frontiers of Moldavia and Transilvania Brasil Brasilia is a vast Country of the Southern America bounded on the East with the Atlantick Ocean on the West with some undiscovered Countries lying between it and the Andes on the North with Guiana and on the South with Paraguay It reaches from 29. to 39 Deg. of Southern Latitude and it is 500 Miles in Breadth under the Dominion of the Portugueses ever since the Year 1503. though the Spaniards claim it Brassaw a Town in the Province of Lithuania in the Kingdom of Poland with a good Castle It stands below the River Wilna towards the Frontiers of Curland and Livonia It is the Capital of a Palatinate Brassaw the same with Cronstat Brava a City upon the Coast of Ajan in Africa well built and fortified Govern'd by the Laws of 12 Xeques or Princes in the Nature of a Republick being the only Government of that sort in this Quarter of the World The Xeques are elected out of the Descendents of the 9 Brothers who fled hither out of Arabia Felix from the Persecution of the King of Lacah Bray sur Seine a small Town in the Province of Champagne in France betwixt Nogent and Montereau fant-Yonne remark'd with the Title of a Dukedom § Bray sur Somme a Town in Picardy in France betwixt Perone and Amiens Bought of the Chatelain of Ponthieu by Philip the August in 1210. Brayne a Town in Champagne in France upon the River Vesle betwixt Soisons and Fisines Some pretend it is the Bibrax of Cesar Brazza Labraza or Baac Brattia is an Island of the Adriatick Sea upon the Coast of Dalmatia under the Venetians It is near the Island of Lesina and takes its Name from a Town that stands in it Brechin a City in the County of Angus in Scotland adorn'd with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of S. Andrews About 5 or 6 Leagues from the Ocean In Latin called Brechinium § Also a Town and Fortress in the Kingdom of Bohemia in Germany upon the River Laucntz near Tabor Brecknock Brechinia is one of the twelve Shires in the Principality of Wales On the East it is bounded with Herefordshire on the South with Monmouth and Glamorganshire on the West with Caermarthenshire and on the North with Radnorshire The chief Town is Brecknock seated upon the North side of the Vsk where the River Honthy or Hodney from the North and two other small Brooks from the South augment its Streams It stands twelve Miles West of Abergevenny and elects one Member of Parliament This County is thick set with high Mountains but fruitful Valleys lie between them Bernard Newmarch who conquered this small Shire built at Brecknock a Castle which the Bohuns afterwards repaired The most Loyal and Noble James Butler Duke of Ormond was created Earl of Brecknock July 20. 1660. by Charles II. Breda Breda a City in the United Provinces in the Dukedom of Brabant upon the River Merca Merck under the Prince of Orange A little but a strong Place and the Capital of a small Barony taken from the Hollanders by the Marquess of Spinola in 1625. after a Siege of 10 Months taken from the Spaniards in 1637. and though it has been twice besieged by them yet they never could retake it At this place K. Charles II. continued some time in 1660. and receiv'd the welcome News of his Restitution And in 1667. after a bloody War of three Years continuance here was a Peace concluded between the English and Dutch It lies eight Leagues from Antwerp to the North. Brederode a Castle near Harlem in Holland giving its Name to an antient Family Bregentz a Town in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany upon a River so named It sustains the Title of an Earldom Brefort Bredefort or Bredervoerde a Town in the County of Zutphen in Guelderland in a marshy Place strengthned with a Castle near a Canal which joyns the Issel two Leagues from Grol and Aanholt The Prince of Orange took it by Storm in 1597. Brema a City and Kingdom beyond the Ganges in the East-Indies towards the States of Pegu. It is a rich Country and makes a puissant Prince who resides either at Brema or Carpa Brembo a River in the Bergamasco in Italy giving Name to the Valley of Brembo It springs about the Frontiers of the Valtoline and embraces the Adda a little below Bergamo Bremefurde a Town in the Dutchy of Bremen in the lower Circle of Saxony The ordinary Residence of the Governor of that Dutchy under the King of Sweden Bremen Brema is a very potent City in the lower Circle of Saxony in Germany made more renowned by an Archbishops See instead of Hamburg It stands upon the River Wiser Visurgis a Free Town and under no Prince with a small Territory about it call'd Stift van Bremen Tho the Swedes have many Pretences upon this Place on the Account of the Dukedom of Bremen yet they still maintain their Freedom The Archbishops have embraced the Augustane Confession ever since 1585. This City was declar'd an Imperial Free City by Ferdinando III. Anno 1646. It stands 12 German Miles from Hamburg to the South-West In Long. 40. 17. and Lat. 53. 25. First Wall'd in 1309. The Archbishop never had any Sovereignty here This Town was besieged by the Swedes in 1666. forty six Days and at last rescu'd by the Interposition of the German Princes The Dukedom of Bremen which belonged heretofore to the Archbishop was in 1648. yielded to the Swedes It has the River Albis or the Elb to the North the Weser to the South the Dukedom of Lunenburg to the East and on the West the Dukedom of Oldenburg Bremgarten Bremocartum a Bailywick in Switzerland belonging to eight of the antient Cantons Bullinger the Apocalyptick Minister was born here Brene or Breine-Aleu a small Town in Brabant in the Low-Countries with a Castle 2 or 3 Leagues from Brussels Brene-le-Comte a little Town in Hainault near Mons. Brene sur le Vesle See Brayne § Also a District within the Province of Touraine in France in the Diocese of Bourges Gregory of Tours was accused in a Council here in 581. or 83. for saying that Queen Fredegonde had secret commerce with the Archbishop of Bourdeaux but he was acquitted Brenta
Brentesia a River in the Dominion of the States of Venice in Italy Brent a Market-Town in Devonshire in the Hundred of Stanborough Brentford the New a Market-Town in Middle-sex in the Hundred of Elthorn so called from the River Brent which falls into the Thames betwixt Henden and Hampsted Hills King Edgar assembled a Council here in 960. In 1016. King Edmund Ironfide obtained a Victory over the Danes at this Place which obliged them to raise the Siege of London And 1644. It was advanc'd to the Honour of an Earldom in the Person of Patrick Ruthen Earl of Forth in Scotland by King Charles I. Brescia Brixia call'd by the French Bresse by the Spaniards Brexa is a City in the Venetian Territories in Italy which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Milan aggrandized with the Title of a Duke Marquess and Earl The Capital of the County of Bresciano a large well fortified Place and has a very strong Castle upon a near Hill It lies between the Rivers of Gorza and Mela in a Plain 15 Miles from the Lake of Benaco to the West and 50 from Milan to the South-East built by the Senones and was once under the Dukes of Milan before it sell into the hands of the Venetians The County of Brescio has Verona to the East Bergamo to the West Cremona to the South and the Valtoline and the County of Tirol to the North. It is a great and fruitful Country Breslaw Budorgis Vratislavia Budorigum call'd by the Poles wroclaw is the Capital City of Silesia and of the Dukedom of Breslaw A Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Gnisen in Poland great and well built and once a Free and Imperial City but it was afterwards exempted from the Empire and is now a kind of Free-State It stands on the River Oder towards the Confines of Poland Made a Bishop's See in 1033. About the Year 1000. it was built by Miceslaus Duke of Poland the Cathedral Church was built by Casimirus King of Poland in 1041. Near this place Boleslaus King of Poland was overthrown by Henry V. and forc'd to take an Oath of Allegiance This City lies 35 Miles from Cracow and 40 from Berlin Bresle a small River near Calais in France Bresne a small River near Tours in France Bresse Bressia Sebusiani Populi is a Province of France bounded on the East by Savoy on the West with Lionois on the North with Charolois in the Dutchy of Burgundy and some part of the Franche County and on the South with Dauphine It is a pleasant and fruitful Country and lies between the Soasne and the Rhone Bèllay and Bourg are its chief Towns It belong'd from the Year 1285. to the Dukes of Savoy till 1600. when it was surrendred to Henry IV. of France in lieu of Saluzzes a Marquisate in Italy Brest Brivates a very good Sea-Port in the Dukedom of Bretagne in France which as Scaliger saith was call'd Gesocribate by Ptolomy It lies on the most Western Coast of Bretagne about 50 Leagues from Nantes to the North-West This is the Magazine of the Admiralty of France situated upon the Ascent of a Hill and secured with New and Noble Fortifications both to the Sea and Land The Sea enters into the Gulph of Brest by 4 Ways and the Vessels there are always afloat § Also a Town in the Province of Cujavia in the Kingdom of Poland with a Castle well built in a Marshy Place near Vlaldislaw and the Vistula Here in the Years 1595. and 1620. two Councils were assembled for the Union of the Greek Church of Lithuania with the Latin § The same Name is given to a French Colony in New-France in America Brescici Bressicia call'd by the French Briescio is a small City in Lithuania the Capital of a Palatinate of the same Name It lies between Lithuania Russia and Polachia upon the Bug and has a tolerable good Castle Bresuire a small City in France in Poictou 3 Leagues from Parthenay and as many from Thuray Bretagne Armorica Britannia Minor is a Province of France 70 Leagues long and betwixt 35 and 40 broad containing 9 Bishopricks who are all Suffragans to the Archbishop of Tours In three of these that is Cornouaille S. Paul de Leon and Figuier the Inhabitants entirely speak Briton a Language the same in abundance of words with the Welsh in the other three to wit Nantes Vennes and S. Brieux they speak Briton and French mix'd yet the most ordinary Sort only Briton in the rest they speak all French It is bounded on the East with Normandy and the County of Maine on all other sides with the English Seas upon the South side it has the Loire which divides it from Anjou but yet the County of Raiz which belongs to Bretagne lies on the South side of that River between it and Poictou The Britains were first brought hither from England by Maximus in 389. To which a great Accession was made by the driving out the Britains by the Saxons They erected a Kingdom here in 485. I suppose after the coming of the second Saxon Colonies which lasted till 874. when a lesser Title was taken up with the same Power which continued till 1498. under 28 Dukes when Lewis XII married Anne the Daughter of Francis II. the last Duke of Bretagne who in 1484. had been married to Charles VIII K. of France before Francis I. of France succeeded in the Right of Claude his Wife whose Issue failing the Right fell to the Duke of Savoy but the French kept the Possession § New Bretagne a Province of New-France in America upon the Gulph of S. Lawrence Its Settlements are call'd Brest Belle Isle c. Brewood a Market-Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Cudleston The Bishops of this Diocese had their Palace here before the Conquest Bretevil a Town in High Normandy in France upon the River Iton Brianzon a City in the Dalphinate supposed to be one of the highest in the World It is the Capital of the Bailywick of Brainzonnois in Ptolomy call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Antoninus Brigantium in Am. Marcellinus Virgantia The Dure and the Ance the two Sources of the Durance unite below it The Castle stands upon the top of a Rock and is very strong Yet taken from the Leaguers by the Duke de Lesdiguieres in 1590. § Likewise a Village in Provence in the Diocese of Glandeves where they find Numbers of Medals with Inscriptions § And a Castle in the Territory of Tarantaise in Savoy upon the River Isere about 1 League below Moutiers with a Village of the same Name These two last mentioned Brianzon's are also call'd in Diminution Brianzonnet Briare a Town in the Dutchy of Orleans upon the River Loire where the Channel is cut for the Communication of the Loire and the River Seine In 1652. a Battle was fought here betwixt the Army of the King of France and that of the Princes The New Channel takes the same Name in Latin
separating themselves from the Arians who in the number of 400 Bishops convocated by Pope Liberius to this Council carried the Majority by a great many came hither to say their Masses Cattay or Catio a Region of Asia supposed by learned Men to be China or some part of it towards the North comprehending the Provinces of Peking Xantung Honan Suchuen Xensi and Xansi whereof Peking is the Capital City Being under the K. of Tartary it is likewise called Tartary de Kan Cattaro Cattara a City in Dalmatia which has been under the Venetians ever since 1420. It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Bari and is a strong Place well seated on a Hill having a Castle belonging to it and 17 Villages It lies 40 Miles South of Ragusa and 35 North-West of Scutari upon a Bay of the Adriatick Sea call'd Cattaro which takes its name from this Place The Turks have often attempted to take it in Vain Catti an antient People of Hassia and Thuringia in Germany who sometime passing into Holland have left the Names of Catwick Opzee to a Town upon the Sea Coast and Catwick op den Rhein to another upon the Rhine In the Reign of Tiberius the Hermanduri gave them a terrible Defeat wherein they destroy'd both Man and Beast upon a pretence of having Consecrated the Spoils to Mars and Mercury Catzenelbogen Catti Meliboci a Country in the Province of Weteraw in Germany under the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel The antient Catti its Inhabitants have left it this Name In the Year 1548. the Emperor Charles V. adjudged this Country to William Earl of Nassau who made pretensions to it But the Arrest was afterwards cassated by the Treaty of Paslaw Cava a great and populous City and a Bishop's See in the hither Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples seated partly upon a Hill and partly in a Valley within four Miles of Salerno and about 20 from Naples to the South This Bishop was heretofore a Suffragan to the Archbishop of Salerno but now exempted and is immediately under the Pope which Honor was obtained from Boniface IX in 1394. yet is the Bishop's Jurisdiction limited with the Walls of the City There is also a Abbey in it Cavado Cavadus a River of Portugal which ariseth in Gallicia and watering the City of Braga falls into the Ocean Cavaillon Cabellio Vrbs Cavallicorum a small and ill built City in the County of Venaissin in Provence in France in an Isle made by the River Durance within 4 Leagues of Avignon to the South-East This is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Avignon and under the Dominion of the Pope Cavan a Town and County in the Province of Vlster in Ireland The Duke of Berwick in an Action before this Town against K. William's Forces Feb. 11. 1689. had his Horse shot under him It is not without a strong Fort. Caucasus a Part of the great Mountain of Taurus in Asia towards Georgia beginning about the Mouth of the River Phasis It is very fruitful and well inhabited by Christians for the most part of the Georgian Church Full of Rocks and Precipices and shewing the Ruins of several Castles and Churches Yet covered at the Top with Snow perpetually Cauda a River of Cumberland which running through West-Ward Forrest by Dauston on the West of Carlisle falls into the River Eden Caudebec Calidobeccum a considerable Town in Normandy upon the Northern shoar of the River Seine in the Pais de Caux about 5 Miles West of Rouen 7 from le Haure East much Celebrated for Weaving This is one of the Principal Towns of the Pais de Caux which is bounded by the British Sea to the North and West by Picardy to the East and by the Seine to the South and lies from East to West 25 Leagues The Caudebec Hats come from hence The Caves in Wiltshire between Luckington and great Badminton upon the Edge of the County nine in Number of a Row of several Dimensions the least 4 Foot broad and 9 or 10 Foot long are credibly supposed to be the Tombs of some Heroick Men among the antient Romans Saxons or Danes because Spurs and Pieces of Armour have been digged out of them Cavita de Manilha Manilhanus Sinus a Gulph of the Philippine Islands Cavours a Town 5 Leagues from Pignerol in Piedmont under the French near the River Peles fortified with two Castles It was taken by Lesdiguieres in 1594. and retaken by the Duke of Savoy the Year after Now made a Dependant of Pignerol Caurestan a great Village in the Province of Farsistan in Persia betwixt Lar and the Isle of Ormus Caux or Pais de Caux a District contain'd within the Province of Normandy in France betwixt the Seine and the Sea in which Diepe Haure de Grace Caudebec Aumale S. Vallery c. are comprehended There is also of the same Name with it a Town and a Promontory Cawood a Market-Town in the West-Riding of Yorkshire and the Hundred of Barkston Caxamalca a Country within the Province of Lima in Peru adorn'd heretofore with Divers Royal Palaces of the Inca's of that Kingdom Thirty Leagues from the Pacifick Sea but near the River Vagna It was here that the Noble Atabalipa King of Peru was defeated and taken Prisoner by Francis Pizarro who basely and barbarously afterwards murthered him in 1533. Caxton a Market-Town in Cambridgeshire in the Hundred of Stow. Caxume the Capital City of the Kingdom of Tigremahon in Abyssinia thought to be the same with the Tenesis of Strabo where the Queen of Sheba dwelt that visited Solomon Cayenne an Island under the French in the North Sea upon the Coast of Guyana about 20 Leagues in Circuit 4 Degrees from the Equinoctial Northward and South of the Disembogure of the River Cayenne which glides betwixt the Countries of the Caribes and the Galibes It s principal Commodity is Tobacco The French have built themselves a Fort at Bourg their cheifest Settlement of about 200 Houses and besides they guard the Harbor with Canon Cayernittes some small Islands frequented by the Fishers for Tortoises which here are to be found of the largest Size near the Western shoar of Hispaniola in America Cayphas an antient Town so call'd from Caiphas High Priest of the Jews who formerly re edified it at the Foot of Mount Carmel in the Holy Land upon the shoars of the Mediterranean 2 Leagues by Water from S. Jean d' Acre Since Saladine demolish'd it in 1191. it has never been fortified again and therefore now become a Village inhabited by some Moors Jews and Greeks Cazan See Casan Cazares an antient People who took part with the Hunns and the Avares in their Incursions to ravage the Empire Cea Ceos or Zee Zie and antiently among the Greeks call'd Hydrusca is one of the Cyclades Islands in the Aegean Sea whereof Julide Julis is the Capital City in which Simonides and Bacchylides the two famous Lyrique Poets with the Philosopher Ariston are said to be born
Zagoria or Zagora is a City of Bulgaria at the Foot of the Mountains upon the River Panize ten German Miles from the Euxine Sea eighteen from Adrianople to the North-East in the very Confines of Romania and Bulgaria Heretofore a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Adrianople but now raised to an Archbishoprick it self Deventer Deventria a City in the Province of Over-Yssel which is the Capital of that Province It stands upon the Yssel four Miles from Zwol to the West and seven from Nimeguen to the North-West Made a Bishop's See by Pope Paul IV. in 1559. under the Archbishop of Vtrecht Betray'd to the Spaniards in 1587. Subdued and brought under the Vnited Provinces again in 1591. Taken by the French in 1672. and deserted in 1674. It is surrounded on all Sides with Water and very strongly fortified Deveril a little Stream in VViltshire which runs under ground a Mile Devizes a Market and Borough-Town in VViltshire in the Hundred of Swanborn near the Head of a Stream of the same Name with it self which joyns the Avon It returns two Burgesses to the Parliament Devonshire Devonia is one of the Southern Counties of England which takes its Name from the Danmonii the ancient British Inhabitants On the North it is bounded by the Irish Sea on the West by Cornwall from which it is divided by the River Tamar on the South by the British Sea and on the East by Somersetshire and Dorsetshire It hath on both these Seas many good Harbours and is rich in Mines especially the Western Parts It abounds in pleasant Meadows fine Woods rich Towns In other Places where the Soil is more barren it is yet improveable and rewards the Tillers Industry It s chiefest Rivers are the Tamâ—r the Turridge the Taw Ex and Dert The chief City is Exeter next to which is Plymouth The Honourable William Cavendish is Earl of this County whose Grandfather William obtained this Honour from James I. Aug. 20. 1618. and has enjoyed it ever since 1628. Deux-Ponts See Zweybrucken Dewsberg See Hensterberg Diablintres Diablindi or Diablitae an ancient People of Gallia Celtiqua supposed to dwell in the now Province of la Perche with Noviodunum or Nogent le Rotrou for their Capital Others say in the Lesser Brittany near Neodunum or Doll where there are some Lands still bearing the Name of les Diableres and Families of les Diables Le Diamond a great Rock upon the Coast of the Island Martinique in the South America at the Distance of a League Observed to swarm with Fowl Diarbech Mesopotamia a Country in Asia between the Euphrates and the Tygris which is now in the hands of the Turks Diarbekir a great and populous City of Mesopotamia upon the Banks of the Tygris the Seat of a Potent Bassa who is generally one of the Viziers of the Ottoman Empire and has nineteen Sangiacs under him in the Compass of his Province It is surrounded with a double Wall of sixty two Towers and adorned with a stately Mosque which heretofore belonged to the Christians whereof they reckon no less then 20000 still living in it of the Armenian Nestorian or Jacobite Churches together with some Capuchines It stands upon an Eminence affords plenty of Provisions and is able to bring into the Field 20000 Horse Diargument Hyrcania a Province in the North-East Part of the Kingdom of Persia Dibres a Town of the Kingdom of Epirus in Greece taken by the Turks in 1442. Dichling a Market-Town in the County of Sussex in Lewis Rape Dictamo Dictamne a Town in the Territory of Canea in the Island of Crete whence comes the medicinal Herb Dittany Die Dia Vocontiorum Dea a City in the Dauphinate in France heretofore a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Vienne but in 1275. by Pope Gregory IX united to that of Valence This City stands on the North Side of the River Drome which falls into the Rhosne eight Miles from Valence to the East and eleven from Grenoble to the South-West It is a Roman Town called by Antoninus Dea Augusta and in the Councils Dia. The Huguenots in the Years 1577. and 1585. took and used it severely and rased its Cittadel An Inscription not long since was found in it Matri Deûm Magnae Idaeae For the Vocontii its antient Inhabitants were great Worshippers of that Goddess whence the Name Dia came to be derived to this place Diemens Diemini Regio a Part of the Terra Australis discovered in 1642. by a Dutchman of this Name Yet we know not whether it be an Island or a Continent Diepholt a small Town in the Circle of VVestphalia in Germany belonging to the Duke of Brunswick It stands upon a Stream betwixt Bremen and Osnaburgh with the Honour to bear the Title of an Earldom Dieppe Deppa a strong Sea-Port-Town which has a noble Haven in Normandy in France upon the River Arques fourteen Miles from Roan to the North right over against Lewis in Sussex This Town is remarkable for its Loyalty to Henry the Great of France who retiring hither and not long after receiving a supply from Queen Elizabeth of 22000 l. in Gold and 4000 Men under the Lord VVilloughby beat the Duke of Main the General of the Leaguers after all his Confidence that he should either take this Prince Prisoner or drive him out of France Which great Victory was unexpectedly gained in 1589. Diest a Town and Barony in the Dukedom of Brabant in the Low-Countries upon the River Demere two Leagues from Dalen and three from Tillemon There are two Collegiate Churches in it Dietmarsh or Dithmarsh a part of Jutland in the Dukedom of Holsatia at the Mouth of the Elbe having the Ocean on the West Holsatia on the East the Elbe on the South and the Dukedom of Sleswick on the North. It is so full of Marshes as to take its Name from them The Inhabitants Rebelling against the Kings of Holsatia in 1500. obtained a great Victory but in 1559. Adolph Duke of Holsatia being imployed by Frederick II. King of Denmark conquered them and deprived them of a barbarous Liberty which they had maintained four Hundred Years The South part of this Territory is under the King of Denmark whose Eldest Son is to reside here and the North part under the Duke of Holsatia which is separated from the Dukedom of Sleswick by the River Eyder Dietz or VVietz a small Town in the Principality of Nassaw in Germany upon the River Lhone Fortified with a Castle on each of the two Hills within the Walls Digne Dinia Dina Civitas Diniensium a City in Provence which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Embrun it stands upon the River Bleonne ten Miles from Embrun to the South and thirty two from Avignon to the North-East It is a very fine City and particularly esteemed for its hot Baths Dijon Divionum Divio the Capital City of the Dukedom of Burgundy and the Seat of the Parliament upon the River Ousche sixteen Leagues from Langres to
the South thirty six from Lion to the North. It is a great and well built City and has an old Castle and a small Territory belonging to it Long. 26. 02. Lat. 46. 50. Aurelian the Emperor walled it The Children of Hugh Capet who made this the Capital of the Kingdom of Burgundy much enlarged and beautified it Under the Dukes of Burgundy it had Counts And Lewis XI who got the possession of it after the Death of the Duke of Burgundy by the means of the then Prince of Orange built the Castle to keep the Inhabitants in Subjection The Reformed Religion in 1562. beginning to spread here was extinguished by an Edict those that imbraced it being disarmed and some of them banished Near this City S. Bernard was born There was a French Council held here in 1075. And another in 1199. under Pope Innocent III. at the Instance of Canutus King of Denmark in the behalf of his Sister Isemburge Wife of Philip the August King of France who had divorced her and remarried Whereupon the whole Kingdom was interdicted by the Pope's Legate in this Council and continued so seven Months till King Philip vacated the said Divorce and received the Lady for his Wife again By a Stone with an old Roman Inscription here found it appears that this City was in those times called Dibione The Mayor of it is honoured with the Title of a Viscount Dilinghen Dilinga a City in the Circle of Schwaben in Germany upon the Danube in the Diocese of Auspurgh seven Miles East of Vlm and the same Distance North-West from Auspurgh An University here was founded by Cardinal Otto Trucio Bishop of Auspurgh under Pope Julius III. in 1549. This City and the County belonging to it were united for ever to the Bishoprick of Auspurg by Hermanus the last Count Bishop of this Diocese who died about the Year 1260. The Jesuits of Dilinghen gave great Provocations to the Swedish War in Germany by perswading Ferdinand II. that the Protestants of his times were not the same with those of 1530. tolerated by Charles V. and therefore the Emperor who was then victorious was not obliged to keep the Peace with them By which Insinuation in 1629. they put that Prince on those Actions which brought on a War that had like to have ended in the Ruin of the House of Austria the German Liberty the Empire and the Roman Catholick Religion there Dillemburgh a Town and County in the Circle of the Rhine in VVesterwalt The Town stands on the River Dilla five German Miles from Marpurgh to the West and eleven from Francfort upon a Hill and has a strong Castle in which the Counts reside The County is called by the Germans Das Graffschaft von Dillemburgh bounded on the East by Hassia on the North by Westphalia on the West by the Rhine and on the South by Solmis This is under the Dominion of its own Prince who is of the Family of Nassau There is in it besides Dillemburgh a Town called Herborn which is an University Dimel Dimola Dilla a River of Germany which divides Hassia from VVestphalia and falls into the Weser at Helmerstrusen seven Miles East of Paderborn Dimitrado See Demetriade Dimotuc Didymotyches a City of Thrace upon the River Hebrus which almost surrounds it about seven Miles from Adrianople to the South Formerly a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Adrianople but now an Archbishop's Bajazet one of the Turkish Emperors was born here who resign'd the Empire and retired hither again Dinant Dinantium a Town in the Bishoprick of Leige upon the River Maes over which it hath a Stone-Bridge that has been ruined often but now repaired ten German Miles from Brussels to the North-East Taken by the French in the Reign of Henry II. in 1554. and almost ruined and its Cittadel demolished But all very well rebuilt again and its Cittadel is now standing upon a steep Rock There is another Town of the same Name in the Dutchy of Britain in France upon the River Rance five Miles South of S. Malo which was heretofore a strong Place and gave the Title of Earl to the younger Sons of the Dukes of Brittany Dingle Dinglae a small Town and a convenient Port in the County of Kerry in the Province of Mounster in the South-West Part of Ireland which stands upon a large Bay of the same Name seventy English Miles West of Cork § There is a Marsh in the County of Suffolk of the same Name which signifies salt Water washes as Mr. Camden seems to intimate Dingolving or Dingelfing Dingolvinga a small Town in the Dukedom of Bavaria where there was a Council held in 772. Dinkesipiel Dinchespila a small Imperial City in the Borders of Franconia upon the River Warnaw twelve Miles from Vlm to the North-East and ten from Nuremberg to the South-West It belongs to the Circle of Schwaben and has been often taken by the Swedes and French in the Wars of Germany Dionysia a figurative Name of the Island Naxia in the Archipelago given it by the Ancients in Allusion to Dionysius or Bacchus upon the Account of its abounding with excellent Wines Dionysiopolis divers antient Cities occur under this Name One in Bulgaria see Varna One upon the River Indus in Asia in the Country where stood the Pillars called Dionysii Columnae This the Ancients report to have been built by Dionysius or Bacchus being the same with the Nagara Nysse or Nerus of the modern Geographers One in Phrygia mentioned by Pliny And another in Africa by Stephanus Dioscoros Dioscori or Dioscoride an Island of Magna Graecia in the Calabrian Ocean over against Capo delle Colonne at a few Leagues distance § Another of Africa See Zocotera Diospolis an ancient City in the Thebais in the Kingdom of Aegypt surnamed Hecatompylos from its having an hundred Gates or rather so many Princely Palaces in it when the Kings of Aegypt called Diospolites after its Name made this place their Residence and Capital of their Kingdom § Also an ancient City of the Holy Land which was made a Bishop's See under the Patriarch of Jerusalem Called otherwise Lydda Rama and S. George and remarked in Ecclesiastical History for a Council assembled at it in 415. against Pelagius wherein he was acquitted of the Accusations of his Adversaries Dirgh a Lake in the County of Dungal in the Province of Vlster in Ireland out of which the River Leffye springs In an Island thereof you see the Cave the People call S. Patrick's Purgatory near the Ruines of a Monastery that was dedicated to S. Patrick The Noise of some subterraneous Winds or Waters heard by the People hath occasioned this conceited Name amongst them Disne See Aisne Disse a Market-Town in the County of Norfolk upon the River Wavenay The Capital of its Hundred Ditmarsen See Dietmarsh Diu Diou or Dive a small Island with a Fort upon it in the Mouth of the River Indus belonging to the Portuguese It has also a small but very strong
Worcestershire in the hundred of Halfshire Duero or Douro Durius Doria a River of Spain called Douro by the Portuguese one of the greatest Rivers in that Kingdom most frequently mentioned by ancient Greek and Latin Writers The Head of it is in Old Castile from Mount Idubeda about five Miles South of Tarragona running South it watereth Soria and Almasun there bending West it passeth by Osina Aranda de Duero and Rosa beneath which last it takes in Duratonio or Stranda de Duero and Piznerga from the North which with several others fall into the Duero two Miles beneath Valladolid then passing by Toro and Camora and taking in from the North Esla which brings the Orbego so to Miranda de Duero it entertains Tormes from Salamanca soon after which it entereth Portugal a little above Olivenca to the South and Eluas to the North where the Rivers that fall into it on both sides are so small and many that it is not worth the mentioning them turning Westward this great River passeth by Lemego on the South to Porta on the North where he pays his last Tribute to the Atlantick Ocean and after a Course of ninety Leagues from his rise as his last benefit he forms a large deep and safe Harbour at Porta Silius Italicus mentions it in the number of the Golden sanded Rivers Duerstede Batavodurum Durostadium a Town in Guelderland upon the Rhine commonly called VVyck three German Miles from Vtrecht to the South East It belongs now to the Province of Vtrecht and is a part of the Dominions of the United Provinces Duesme a Town in the Dukedom of Burgundy in France upon the River Seine It gives Name to the Territory of Duesmois lying towards the Source of the same River Duisbourgh Duisburgum Duysburgh is a small City in the Dukedom of Cleves upon the River Roer which a little lower falls into the Rhine eight Miles from Cologne North and three from VVesel South There was a Council held here in 927. Heretofore an Imperial Free City but now under the Dominion of the Elector of Brandenburgh who Octob. 14. 1655. opened here an University Gerardus Mercator the great Geographer of his time died here in 1594. Dulcigno Dolcigno Olchinum Olcinum Vlcinum a City of Albania which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Antivari with a safe Port on the Venetian Gulph between Budoa to the North and Lodrin to the South twenty four French Miles from Scutari to the West This City is under the Dominion of the Turks and reduced to a mean Condition Dulcinde a Part of Carmania Deserta upon the Entrance of the Persian Gulph one hundred twenty five German Miles South of Ormus There is a City River and Province of this Name Dulverton a Market-Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of VVilliton upon the River Ex. Dummer-Zee Dummeria a great Lake in Germany between Mounster to the West Osnaburgh to the South and Diepholt to the North. The River Hunt runs through it which falls into the VVesel a little below Bremen Dun or Done a River of Yorkshire See Doncaster § A Town also in the Dukedom of Barrois in Lorrain in France near the Meuse betwixt Stenay and Damvilliers § Another in the Province of la Marche Duna See Dwina Dunawert See Donawert Dunbar Dumbarum or the Castle of Bar is a Town in the County of Lothain in Scotland upon the Eastern Shoars twenty Scotch Miles North of Berwick and the same distance East of Edinburgh Heretofore it had a Castle on a Hill as it has still a Haven to the Sea But this Town is chiefly memorable for a Defeat given to the Covenanters of Scotland by Oliver Cromwel Septemb. 23. 1650. when an End was put to that Perjurious Rebellious Bloody Faction who here began the Payment of that Debt they owed to the Divine Justice for having sold the best and most Holy of all Princes Charles the Martyr to the English Rebels For from that Day Presbytery has been in Bondage and truckled under the Weight of that horrid Crime and may she never more lift up her Head to embroil Kingdoms and persecute the Church Dunblane Dumblanum a City of Scotland in the County of Menteith which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of S. Andrews It stands on the River Teith which a little beneath this and Sterling falls into the Fyrth of Edinburgh six Miles North of Sterling and thirty six West of Edinburgh Dunbritoun Britannodunum Castrum Britonum a Town in the County of Lenox in Scotland upon a Fyrth or Bay of the same Name with a strong Castle where the River Levin falls into the Fyrth eight Miles from Glasco to the North-West Also called Dunbarton because the Britans held it the longest of any Town in Scotland against the Picts and Scots The strongest of all the Castles in Scotland by Nature being built on a high craggy double-headed Rock both fortified and between these two it hath only one Passage on the North hardly passable without Labour and difficulty by a single Person on the West of it lies the Levin on the South the Cluyd on the East a boggy Marsh which at every Tide is covered with Water The Britans made this good against the Scots till in the Year 756. Eadbert King of Northumberland and Oeng King of the Picts forced it to surrender on a Composition But it was taken on easier Terms Jan. 5. 1651. by the English Rebels Sir Charles Erskin surrendering it to them Dunbritoun Fyrth a great Bay in the South-West part of Scotland upon the Irish Seas so called from this Castle it begins at Dunskay and on the South has Galloway Carrick Kile and Cunningham on the North Menteith Lenox Argile Kilmore and Cantry besides several smaller it has in it the Island of Arran many of the biggest Rivers of Scotland fall into it just against it to the West it has the North-East parts of Ireland at a small distance which are extream fruitful and peopled by Scots for the most part there are many safe Havens and populous Towns upon it and lastly it lies convenient for Trade with the Western Plantations and all the Southern World Dundalk Dunkeranum a small City in the Province of Vlster in Ireland which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Armagh twenty six Miles from Armagh to the East in the County of Louth and sixteen North from Drogheda surprised by the Rebels in 1641. Retaken the same year by Sir Henry Tichburn by Storm after their Forces had been beaten off from the Siege of Drogheda upon Sir Simon Harcourts arrival with supplies of Men and Mony but in 1649. they got it again The Duke of Schomberg continued with his Army here from Sept. 12. 1689 to Novemb. 8. that he retired into Winter Quarters There was a Battel in the mean time presented by King James II but that General thought not fit to accept it For he strengthned himself in his Trenches the more his Army was weakned by
the River Werra near the Confines of Thuringen supposed to have been built by the Emperour Carolus Magnus and after the ruining of it by the Hunns to have been rebuilt by the Emperour Henry II. Escualt See Schelde Escure a Province of the Kingdom of Morrocco in Barbary betwixt the River Hued-la-Abid to the East the Mountain Verte to the North and West and the River Tensift with some parts of the Atlas to the South Fruitful in Corn and Pasturage Escurial a Village in New Castile upon the River Guadarna seven Leagues from Madrid to the West and twenty four from Toledo to the North in which Philip II. King of Spain built a Palace Royal together with a most Magnificent Monastery and a Stately Church in honour of S. Laurence as a grateful Memorial of the Victory obtained against Henry II. King of France at the Battel of S. Quintin in Picardy In 1557. in which he spared no Expence that might contribute to the Magnificence and Ornament of it insomuch as he is said to have spent twenty Millions of Gold on this Structure And since that time the Kings of Spain have been buried in a Noble Chappel here called the Pantheon from its being built in imitation of the Pantheon at Rome The Emperour Charles V. lies interred in it This Magnificent Fabrick suffered much by Fire in 1671. in which a vast Library perished Esfagues Ruspae a small City in the Kingdom of Tunis it was a Bishops See but now ruined Esino Aesis Esis a River in the Marca Anconitana in Italy It ariseth from the Appennine and running East washeth Jesi then falls into the Adriatick Sea one Mile North of Ancona This was once the Northern Boundary of Italy Eskedale Eskia a County in Scotland bounded by Cumberland on the South Annandale on the West Twedale on the North and Tivedale on the East it takes its Name from the River Esk which runs through it and falls into the Tees Eskihissar Laodicea a City of the Lesser Asia upon the River Lycus near its fall into the Meander built by Antioâ—bus the Son of Stratonica whose Wife being called Laodicea gave this Name to the City now totally ruined and not inhabited though once an Archbishops See who had sixteen Suffragan Bishops under him The Turkish Name it has signifies the Old Castle The Ruines of it shew it to have been a very great City situate upon six or seven Hills encompassing a large space of Ground twenty Miles distant from Coloss to the North-East and five from Hierapolis It hath three Theatres of White Marble as beautiful and intire as if they were lately built and a Circus as stately But then the Town is totally desolate inhabited by nothing but Wolves Foxes and Chacals a Den of Dragons Snakes and Vipers neither hath it the Title of an Archbishops See as Seignior Ferraro and others have affirmed God having spit it out of his Mouth as threatned in the Revolation and made it an Example of his Justice and Veracity See Mr. Wheeler p. 264. See Laudichia Esla Estola a River of the Kingdom of Leon. It washeth Leon and Benvento and taking in the Orbico falls into the Duero between Samora to the East and Miranda to the West Essing Elsing or Eslingen Ezelinga Eslinga a small Imperial and Free City in the Dukedom of Wirtemburg in Schwaben in Germany upon the River Necker nine Miles from Spier to the South-East and the same from Vlm to the North-West This is now under the Protection of the Duke of Wirtemburg ill built and has suffered much in the late Wars Esne See Aisne Esperies Eperiae a strong Town in the County of Sarax in the Lower Hungary upon the River Tarcza or Tarkz towards the Carpathian Mountains and the Frontiers of the Kingdom of Poland Obtained from the Turks since the present War Espernay Sparnacum Aspreniaoum a Town upon the Marne in the Province of Champagne in France betwixt Chalon and Chateau-Thierry It bath a famous Abbey of the Augustine Fryars standing in it Espinal Spinalium a small City in the Dukedom of Lorrain upon the Maes four Leagues from the Confines of Burgundy to the North and a little less from Remirmont This Town hath suffered much in the Wars of this Age. Espinoy a Town in Flanders betwixt Douay and L'Isle ennobled with the Title of a Principality and giving its Name to an Honourable House Esseck Mursd a Town and Castle in Sclavonia at the Confluence of the Drave and the Danube where great Actions have been done The Town stands low and the Streets are planked with Trees as Dr. Brown assures us who hath seen it Upon one side of the Gate is part of a Roman Inscription MAELIAN on the other a Maids Head of Stone In or near this place Constantius defeated Magnentius the Usurper and Murtherer of Constantine II. in 359. The Town is great and populous by reason of the Trade and Commerce on the account of the Passage But not strong and therefore the Turks have of late bestowed much cost and pains in fortifying it In 1537. Solyman the Magnificent assaulted it without Success But that which is the great wonder is the Bridge over the Drave and the Marshes on both sides this Bridge is five Miles over having Rails on both sides and Towers of Wood at every quarter of a Mile built by Solyman the Magnificent in 1521. so soon as ever he had taken Belgrade it is so broad that three Wagons may go a breast and all built of Oaken Timber Count Nicholas Serini burnt part of it in 1664. which necessitated the Turks to build that part a little nearer the Danube because they could not without great charges and difficulty pluck up the remainder of the Trees which the Water had preserved from the Fire By this Bridge all the Turkish Armies use to pass between Hungary and Constantinople near here the unfortunate Lewis King of Hungary in 1526 was defeated in attempting to stop Solyman's passage into his Kingdom Count Lesly Aug. 15. 1685. burnt it the second time and possessed himself of the Town of Esseck but the Castle holding out he blew up their Magazines plundered the Town and left it In 1686. the Turks began to build this Bridge after another way by driving rows of Trees into the Earth and filling up the space with Earth that it might not be so subject to be ruined by Fire but the Duke of Lorrain June 15. 1687. put an end to this Work drove the Turks over the Drave and in a few days intirely ruined what eight thousand men had been many Months a building Pursuing his design and passing the Drave to take Esseck he found the Prime Visier there posted with all the Forces he could raise very advantageously with the Danube on the left a Wood on the right the Town and Drave behind and a Morass before him between which and his Camp was a Dike twenty foot deep forty broad and two Miles long strengthened with Palisadoes and
it Grantham a Borough and Market Town of very good account in Lincolnshire in Kesteven Division upon the River Witham The Capital of its Hundred and priviledged with the right of sending two Burgesses to the Parliament vulgarly taken notice of for an extraordinary high and therefore seemingly crooked Steeple Granville Grandisvilla Magna villa a strong Sea-Port Town in Normandy betwixt Coutances and Auranches seven Leagues from Jarsey to the South and five from S. Michael to the North situated in part upon a Rock of difficult access and part in the Plain Graro Masta a Mountain of Aethiopia upon the South-East of Egypt Gras de Passon Massalioticum the Mouth or Haven at the Outlet of the River Rhosne into the Mediterranean Sea This French Word GRAS like the Latin Gradus from whence it is derived being imployed by them as the other was by the Romans to signifie a Wharf Key or Stairs for the Shipping and Landing Merchandize and consequently for an Harbour Haven or Sea-Port or the Mouth of a River it frequently occurs in the Names of such places Grasse See La Grace Grateley Gratelea This place is mentioned in the Tomes of the Councils for a Council assembled at it in 928 But whether it be the Village of the name in the County of Southampton and the Hundred of Andover or another in Barkshire in the Hundred of Reading it is not clearly seen Gratiosa one of the Azores Gratti Crathis a River of the hither Calabria which ariseth out of the Apennine Hills and running Northward takes in Busentium near Cosenza afterwards also being swelled by the Cothyle the Turbido and some others of less note it falls into the Gulph of Taranto at Thuris an ancient but ruined City now called La torre di Brodogneto Gratz or Gretz Graiacum Graecium Graecium Savariae a very strong City of Stiria which is the Capital of that Province and has a Princely Castle in it the common Residence of the Arch Duke of Gratz or Stiria who is of the House of Austria it stands upon the River Mure thirteen German Miles from Vienna to the South five from the Drave nine from Judenburg to the East and five Leagues below the confluence of the Mure with the Drave Graudentz or Grudzanez Graudentium Grudentum a sweet well fortified Town in the Prussia Polonica or that part which belongs to the Kingdom of Poland seated upon the Confluence of the Osse and Vistula fifteen Polish Miles above Dantzick to the South and thirty five from Warshaw to the North. It has a Castle and is under the Poles Grave Gravia Carvo a strong Town in Brabant upon the Maes under the Vnited Provinces Taken by the French in 1672. and after a Siege of three Months left in 1674. It is the Capital of a small District called Kuiclandt by the Dutch and stands two Leagues from Nimeguen to the South and four from Bosle-Duâ— to the East upon the Frontiers of Gelderland Graveling Gravelines Gravelingen Gravelina Gravelinga a strong Sea-Port on the Coast of Flanders at the Mouth of the River Aa which ariseth in the County of Bologne and watering Renty and S. Omar falls here into the British Sea three Miles from Calis to the North and the same from Dunkirk to the South It was taken by the French in 1644 and again in 1658 ever since which time it has been in their hands The Castle was first built in 1528. by the Order of the Emperor Charles V. Gravesend a noted Market Town in the County of Kent in Aylesford Lath seated upon a rising Hill on the banks of the Thames over against Tilbury Fort in Essex Gravina a City in Puglia in the Kingdom of Naples which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Acerenza and has the honour to give the Title of a Duke to the Family of Vrsina It stands at the foot of the Apennine in the Borders of the Basilicate nine Miles from Matera to the North twenty four from Cirenza to the East and thirty four from Bari to the West Gray Graeum Graium Greium a City in the County of Burgundy or the Franche Comte small but well Peopled seated on an Hill upon the River Saone Arar which watering Lion falls beneath it into the Rhosne in the Borders of the Dukedom of Burgundy nine Miles from Dijon to the East and six from Dole to the North It was well fortified and had heretofore a strong Castle but being taken by the French in 1668. and retaken in 1674 the French dismantled it after which by the Treaty of Nimeguen it was in 1678. resigned to them and they still have it Grays-Thurrock a Market Town in the County of Essex in the Hundred of Chafford Greece Graecia Hellas a very large Country in Europe which being taken in its greatest extent was bounded on the East by the Propontis and the Aegean Sea or Archipelago on the South by the Mediterranean Sea on the West by the Ionian Sea or the Gulph of Venice and on the North by Bulgaria Servia and Illyricum Mount Haemus running between Greece and these Countries and ending at the Euxine Sea which there begins to be a part of its Northern Border So that it is a kind of Peninsula surrounded on three sides by the Sea and only united to the rest of Europe by the fourth now almost intirely in the Hands of the Turks who by the ruine of the Grecian Empire have possessed themselves of this vast fruitful populous and once most Learned and Civil Country and by their Tyranny Barbarity and ill Government have in about two hundred years almost intirely ruined what was the Work of two thousand to effect It is called Greece by the English Das Griechenland by the Germans and Romelia by the Turks it contains Thrace now Romania Macedonia Achaia now Livadia the Morea Peloponnesus and the greatest part of the Islands in the Archipelago Constantinople being the head of this vast Country This People saith Cicero which hath flourished in Fame Glory Learning Arts Empire and Military Exercises possesseth but a small part of Europe but having by their Aâ—ms prevailed over the Asiaticks they surrounded the Shoars of that Country with their Cities and Colonies He might have added they did the like by Italy and reduced almost all that which is now the Kingdom of Naples under their Power then called Magna Graecia and the best part of Sicily too and running down beyond Italy Marseilles in Provence was one of their Colonies In Asia the Less they possessed Mysia Phrygia Aeolia Ionia Doris Lydia and Caria to which Countries they gave the name of Graecia Asiatica They possessed also most of the Islands of the Mediterranean Sea and this before the Rise of the Macedonian Empire which put the best part of Asia and Egypt into their Hands nor were they ever Conquered by any Foreign Power though Xerxes attempted it with an Army of three hundred thousand men till the Romans subdued them Constantine the Great fixing
of the Negro Slaves of Nicaragua to look after the Fields and the Cattle Isle des Sacrifices an Island upon the Coast of the Province of Tlascala in New Spain in America near the City St. Jean d'Vlva so called from the cruel Sacrifices of Men made by the Natives to their Gods The Spaniards used for some time to discharge their Merchandises at this place Islebe See Eisleben Issenos Selinus Trajanopolis a City in Cilicia in the Lesser Asia Ismar See Smyrna Isne Issny Ysna Viana a small City in Schwaben in Germany in the Territory of Algow upon the River Arg which falls into the Lake of Constance four German Miles from Kempten to the West the same from Lindaw to the North-East and eleven from Vlm to the South made an Imperial Free Town by Charles IV. Emperour of Germany Isnich Ascania Palus Nicaea Antigonia a City in Bythinia famous for the first General Council here held in 325. See Nicaea Isnigâ—mid Nicomedia a ruined City of Bythinia Isola Insula Aesulum Aesulae an Episcopal City in the Province of Calabria Vlterior in the Kingdom of Naples § This Name is also given to the River Cremera in Tuscany to an Island of the â—iber called in Latin Libanus almae Veneris and to a City of Histria in Latin Alietum Isonzo Isontius Natisco Sontius a River of Friuli it ariseth out of the Carinthian Alpes in Carniola a Province of Germany and entering Friuli a Province of Italy it watereth the County and City of Goritia and also Gradiska where taking in Frigido Turre and some other Rivers it leaveth Aquileja and falls into the Gulph of Trieste five Miles South-East of Aquileja near this River Odacer who had made himself King of Italy was slain by Theodorick King of the Goths in 489. To this Place the Turks came under the Command of Asa-Beg in 1177. in the time of Mahomet the Great and overthrew Jeronimo Novello Count of Verona a famous Commander of those times and slew him in Battel together with his Son and most of his Commanders destroying a Party of three thousand Venetians and setting one hundred Villages on fire Ispaham See Haspaam Ispirite Sparte a Village and Mountain in Thrace upon the Euxine or Black Sea Issar Sichem a ruined Place in Samaria in the Holy Land Issedon an ancient City of Scythia beyond the Mountain Imaus supposed by some to be the Modern Ciracoram in Tartary or Synchun or Suchur in the Kindom of Tangut towards the Region of Cathay in China Issel See Yssel Issoire Isiodorum a City in Auvergne in France upon the River Allier which divides this Province and falls afterwards into the Loyre six Leagues from Clermont to the South This City is called Icciodorum Issorium and Icâ—odurum Issoudun Exelodunum Exsoldunum a strong Town in the Dukedom of Berry in France in the Diocese of Bourges upon the little River Thiol seven or eight Leagues from Burges A Synod was assembled at it in 1081. Issus See Laiazzo Istacar Istacarta a City in Persia one of the most ancient of that Kingdom and once a Royal City but now scarce a Village the City of Xiras having sprung out of its Ruines and overwhelmed it It stood one Mile from the Araxis now Bendamur Istthmus Corinthiacus the Neck of Land betwixt the Ionian and Aegean Seas near Corinth or betwixt the Gulph of Corinth and the Gulph of Engia which connects the Morea with Achaia and the rest of Greece The Emperours Julius Caesar Caligula and Nero in vain attempting to cut a passage from the Ionian Sea into the Archipelago through it created the Proverb Istthmum fodere for an unsuccessful undertaking It is six Miles long There was afterwards built upon it a Wall of the same length called Hexamilium and Hexamili which Amurah II. destroyed the Venetians repaired and fortified and Mahomet II. again destroyed in 1443. § Istthmus of Panama See Panama § Isthmus of Suez an Istthmus betwixt the Mediterranean Sea to the North and the Red Sea to the South which joins Egypt to Palestine and Arabia Petraea seventy Arabian Miles large taking this Name from the City Suez upon the Banks of the Red Sea It has been attempted to cut a passage through it from the two Seas divers times in vain Istria See Histria Istrig Sargetia a River of Walachia which ariseth in the South part of Transylvania and falls into the River Marish In the Bed of this River Decebalus buried his Treasure when invaded by the Emperour Trajan Italia Latium Ausonia Hesperia Oenotria Saturnia is the most celebrated Country in Europe the Mistris and Civilizer of all the rest As she had anciently all those Names I have already expressed so of later times the Germans call it Welschlandt or Wallischlandt the Danes Ualland the Turks Talia the Poles and Sclavonians Uloska It s ancient Bounds extended no further to the North than the Rivers of Arnus now Arno and Aesis Esino afterwards it was enlarged by the Conquest of the Senones to the River Rubicon now Il Pisatello All between these Rivers and the Alpes being then called Gallia Cisalpina But at this day it is extended to the Alpes and the River Varus which parts it from France and Germany to the West and North on which side also the Adriacick Sea divides it from Dalmatia on the South the Tyrrhenian Sicilian and Ligurian Seas divide it from Africa on the West the same Sea washeth it and on the East the lower part of the Adriatick Sea and the Ionian which divide it from Greece This Country lies in the form of a vast Peninsula and resembles very much the Leg of a Man It containeth in length from Augusta Praetoria now Aoust at the foot of the Alpes unto Otranto in the most Eastern Point of the Kingdom of Naples one thousand and twenty Miles in breadth from the River Varo which parts it from Provence to the Mouth of the River Arsa in Friuli where it is broadest four hundred and ten about Otranto where narrowest it has not above twenty five and in the middle from the Mouth of Pescara on the Adriatick Sea to that of the Tiber on the opposite Shoar is one hundred twenty six Miles its whole Circuit may be about three thousand four hundred forty eight Miles The Apennine Hills divide it into two parts it is a very fruitful pleasant Country and towards the North extremely well watered with Rivers At first divided into divers Tribes and Nations which being all united by the Roman Conquests into one Empire upon the ruin of that it became again divided into divers Seigniories and Republicks that are now severally in the hands of the Pope the King of Spain the Republick of Venice the Dukes of Savoy Florence Mantoua Modena and Parma the Common-wealths of Genoua and Lucca and some other small Principalities of all which I shall discourse in their proper places This Country lies towards the midst of the Temperate Zone from 28. deg and an half of Long. to 42. and
River Rhosne between Switzerland to the North and Savoy to the South Called by those who live near it the Lake of Geneva by the Germans das Genfferzee by the Italians illago di Genevra extending from East to West about nine German Miles and about two over where it is broadest the Rhosne enters it at Noville and goes out at Geneva in the most Western end of it It is surrounded with good Towns the principal next Geneva is Lausanne on the North by the name of which this Lake is somtime called Lemburgh Luwow Leopolis a great and populous City of the Kingdom of Poland the Capital of Red Russia which was made an Archbishops See instead of Halitz or Haliotz in 1361. by Pope Vrban V. It stands amongst the Hills upon the River Peltew which with the Bug falls into the Vistula a little above Ploczko and is very strong being walled and fortified with two Castles one within the City the other without It was built by Leo Duke of Russia who flourished about 1280. In 1648 belleged by Chieilneck General of the Cossacks without any success In 1672. the Turks took it and soon lost it for in 1673. Michael King of Poland died in it This City stands fifteen Miles from Premislia to the East a little less from the Carpathian Hills to the North and about fifty from Warsaw to the South-East Lemgow Lemgovia a small City in the Circle of Westphalia in the County of Lippe which was once a Free Imperial City but now exempt and under the Count of Lippe It stands upon the River Begh five Miles from Minden to the North and Paderborne to the South and nine from Lippestad to the North-East Lemington a Market Town in the County of Southampton and the Hundred of Christ Church by the Seaside § There is another Lemington a Parish in Warwickshire in the Hundred of Knightlow remarkable for two Springs within few Foot of each other the one Fresh the other Salt yet at a great distance from the Ocean and of different Operations Lemnos an Island in the Archipelago See Staliment Lemâ—ta a Town and Desart in Libya now Zaara in Africa Lencicia or Lanscher Lancicia Lancicium a City of Poland the Capital of a Palatinate called by the Poles Lenczyc from this City which they call Lenczyckie It lies in the Greater Poland in a Marshy Ground upon the River Bsura not above ten Miles from the River Warte the same distance from Gnesna to the East and thirty from Warsaw to the West There belongs to it a Castle built on a Rock and in 1656. this City suffered much by Fire Divers Polish Councils have been Celebrated at it Lendrosia one of the Islands on the West of Scotland Lenham a Market Town in the County of Kent in Aylesford Lath at the Spring of the River Stewer Lenox Lenoxia Levinia a County in the North of Scotland through which the River and Lake of Lomond passeth on the East it hath the County of Menteith on the South Cunningham cut off by Dunbriton Fyrth on the West Argile and on the North Albania This County has the Honor of being a Dukedom which Title has been born by several of the Royal Line of Scotland The principal Town in it is Dunbritown Lens Lentium Lendum Lenense Castrum Nemetacum a small Town in Artois upon the River Souchets three Leagues from Arras to the North and four from Doway to the West The French besieged this small place in 1647. but by the loss of their General le Gasse slain by a shot whilst he was plucking at a Palisadoe they were forced to leave it near this place the French gave the Spaniards a great overthrow in 1648. and after possessed themselves of it to whom the Pyrenaean Treaty confirmed it in 1659. The Town has been fortified but was some years since slighted and dismantled Lentini Leontina a very ancient City in the Isle of Sicily in the Valley of Netina on the Eastern Shoar Heretofore a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Syracuse whilst Syracuse was the Metropolis of the Island under the Greek Emperors It is now pretty considerable and populous but very confusedly built A place of greater Antiquity than Syracuse and perhaps than any other City now in the Island It stands five Miles from the Sea to the West and ten from Catania to the South-West Lenza Nicia a River of Italy which springing from the Apennine runneth North and parteth the Dukedom of Parma from that of Modena then falls into the Po at Barsello eight Miles from Parma to the North. Leominster or Lemster a Market and Borough Town in Herefordshire in the Hundred of Wolphey upon the River Lug of chief Note for fine Wheat Flower and Wooll Leon Legio Germanica Sublanco a City of Spain in the Astures built in the Reign of Nerva the Emperor It is now called by the Inhabitants Leon or Leone a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Compostella so far exempted that he acknowledgeth no Metropolitan but the Pope and the Capital of the Kingdom of Leon ever since 658. It stands at the bottom of an Hill by the Fountains of the River Esla very great but not much peopled twelve Miles from the Ocean to the South and twenty one from Valedolid to the North-West It was Recovered from the Moors in 722. and is adorned with one of the most beautiful Cathedrals in Spain § There is another City in New Spain in America called Leon by the Spaniards and Nagarando by the Natives which being the Capital of Nicaragua the Province in which it stands is sometimes called Leon de Nicaragua This is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mexico by a Lake of the same name about 12 Leagues from the Shoars of the Pacifick Ocean and 18 from New Granada to the East The Kingdom of Leon and Oviedo Legionense Regnum hath on the East the County of Biscay on the North the main Cantabrian Ocean on the South Castile and on the West Gallicia It has its name from Leon and Oviedo the two chief Cities in it This is the most ancient Kingdom in Spain and began about 717. being more anciently called Asturia from the Astures an old People who possessed it It is mountainous and full of Woods divided in two by the River Duero about fifty five Leagues long from North to South and forty broad Augustus Caesar was the first Roman that conquered it The Goths after five hundred years free possession of it outed the Romans and after four hundred more the Saracens did as much for the Goths but they the Saracens did not long enjoy it this being the first Kingdom the Christians recovered from them under the Command of Pelagius a young Prince of this Nation about 717. It continued a separate Kingdom under twenty nine Princes till in 1228. Ferdin III. annexed it to Castile he being married to Berenguela second Sister of Henry King of Castile tho in prejudice of Blanch the eldest Sister married to
Lewis VIII King of France which was afterward in 1267. set right by a Treaty when Lewis IX in consideration of a Marriage surrendered all his Right and Title as Son of the said Blanch to Alphonsus V. King of Leon and Castile Peter de la Marca Archbishop of Paris in his History of Bearn saith this Kingdom did not begin so early as the Spaniards pretend and endeavours to prove it But this is no place for Controversies Leon Leondoul Leona a City in Britagne in France on the North Shoar of that Province thirty three Leagues from Rennes to the West ten from Treguier and eleven from Brest to the North. This is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Toures one S. Paul being its most ancient Bishop about the year 600 the City is often called S. Paul de Leon from him it is the Capital of the Territory of Leonnois well fortified and has also a Castle and a safe Harbour upon the British Sea Heretofore the Seat of the Dukes of Britagne and the Country of the ancient Osismi or Osismii mentioned by Caesar whence its Latin Name besides Leona and Leonum is Civitas Osismorum § There is mention made of another Leon in Cappadocia in the Lesser Asia otherwise called Vatiza and thought to be the Polemenium of the Ancients S. Leonard a Town in Limosin in France and another in Nivergne Lepanto Naupactus Aetolia a Sea-Port in Achaia now Livadia called by the Turks Enebchti is seated in that part of Greece which the Ancients called Aetolia twelve Miles from Patras the Italians gave it the name of Lepanto it is seated not far from the entrance of the Western Bay of Corinth heretofore so called but now from this place the Gulph of Lepanto The City is built on the South side of a towering Mountain formed like a Cone on the top of which is a strong Castle surrounded with four strong Walls set at some distance one above another between which the Inhabitants have their Houses The Port is very handsom and beautiful and may be secured by a Chain the Mouth of it is so streight it will hold but a few Ships and those cannot go out and in at any time for want of Water It is seated in a pleasant Country filled with delightful Gardens yielding some of the best Wine in Greece and has on the East side a a fine River which serves their Mills then their Gardens and afterward all the City and Seamen The Turks have six or seven Mosques in it the Greeks two Churches and the Jews three Synagogues In 1408. it was under the Emperor of Greece but being too remote as things then stood for him to secure it Emanuel the Emperor assigned it to the Venetians who took care to fortifie it as it is now In 1475. Mahomet the Great the same that took Constantinople having gained Corinth besieged it with an Army of thirty thousand Men and after four Months spent before it was forced to retire with with shame and loss The Turks having found by this costly experiment the strength of this important place in 1499. made use of another method besides a victorious Army and a potent Fleet to terrifie them he imployed Bribes corrupted Hiâ—ronimo Tropo the Venetian Governour and by a Treachery altogether unworthy of Bajazet II. who was here in person possessed himself of it In 1571. Octob. 7. in the Gulph of Lepanto from five a Clock in the morning till night was fought the most bloody Sea Battel betwixt the Christian and the Ottoman Fleets that ever besel the Turks since the beginning of their Empire There in the same Gulph where the Emperor Augustus overthrew Marc Anthony The Christians lost eight thousand Men. Of the Turks five thousand were taken prisoners and about thirty thousand slain with Hali Bassaw their Admiral Of the Turkish Gallies one hundred and thirty were taken and above ninety others sunk burnt and destroyed The Generalissimo on the Christians side was Don John of Austria a Natural Brother to Philip II. King of Spain accompanied with the Flower of the Italian Nobility At the same time nigh twenty thousand Christian Slaves recovered their Liberty In 1687. the Venetians having in the three preceding years almost beat the Turks out of the rest of the Morea and resolved to begin this Campagne with the Siege of Patras their General Morosini Landed in the Morea near Patras on July 22. notwithstanding all the opposition of the Serasquier the 24. he fought and defeated the Serasquier and having thereupon taken in Patras and the Dardanell Castle on that side so called in imitation of those of the Hellespont he crossed to the other to Lepanto and found the Turks making all the haste they could to empty the Place for him whereupon he entred and took Possession of it for that Republick without striking one blow Thus was this important Place lost as basely as it was gained and the Cowardize of this Age has revenged the Treachery of the former It had in it one hundred and twenty Brass Canon And it is an Archiepiscopal City tho the Archbishop has used to reside at Larta The Gulph of Lepanto is formed by the shooting forth of two Promontories into the Ionian Sea from the Morea and Achaia called Capo Antirio and Capo Rione The first of which has the Castle of Patras the other the Castle of Romelia for its defence Leprus Pariedrus a huge Mountain of a vast height out of which Araxes and Euphrates spring Lera Igmanus Sigmanus a River of Aquitain in France more commonly called La Leyre which falls into the small Bay of Buch eight Miles from Bourdeaux to the South-West and the same distance from the Mouth of the Guaronne to the South Leresse See the Nieper Lergue Larga a River in Gallia Narbonensis Hoffman Lericee a small Town upon the Coasts of the Republick of Genoua in Italy at the Foot of the Rocks looking to the Sea It is taken to be the Portus Erycis of Ptolemy and Antoninus A frequented place for Embarkations four or five Miles from Sarzana and East of Sestri de Levante There is a Gulph by it separated by a Neck of Land from the Gulph of Spezza or Speccia Lerida Ilerda a City of Catalonia in Spain which in the Roman times was the Capital of that part of Spain they called Tarraconensis It is now called Leyda by the Inhabitants and Lerida by the Spaniards a strong place built upon a rising ground but declining to the River Segre Taken from the Moors in 1143. and made a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tarragona In 1300. here was an University opened at which Pope Calixtus III. took his Degree of Doctor of the Laws yet it never acquired any great Fame or Repute of later times it has suffered much from the French who have made many Attempts upon it But in 1646. in one of their Attacks they were beaten off and lost all their Cannon here This City lies twenty four Spanish
it It is not very great but as neat and handsom a City as most in Germany There is in it a very great Market-place with never a bad House in it the whole Town is built of a very white free Stone and the Castle upon the Hill is of a Modern building very large there is also a Bridge over the Danube The Imperial Forces Rendezvouzed here when Solyman came to Vienna in 1532. This was also besieged by the Peasants of Austria in the time of Ferdinand II. They having got a Body together of forty thousand Men and many pieces of Ordnance but were stoutly repulsed after many Assaults and at last overcome by Papenheim The late renowned Duke of Lorraine dyed at a Convent near this Lintz See Lorraine Lintz Lentium a small Town upon the Rhine in the Diocese of Cologn in Westerwaldt five Miles beneath Coblentz to the North six from Cologn in the borders of the Dukedom of Juliers Lintzgow Lentinensis Populus a part of the Dukedom of Bavaria Lipari Liparae a knot of small Islands being seven in number belonging to the Kingdom of Sicily they lie in the Tyrrhenian Sea about thirty Miles to the North-West of the Island and the same distance from Calabria to the West Though they belong to Sicily yet Charles V. for his convenience attributed them to the Kingdom of Naples but in 1609. they were restored to Sicily and at this day are holden by the King of Spain as a part of it The ancient Poets Epithet them Aeoliae and Vulcaniae from a fiction of their being the Country of the Gods of those names The principal is the Island called Lipari which has an Episcopal City to enable it under the Metropolitical jurisdiction of Messina in Sicily In 1544. Barberousse the Turkish Admiral ruined this City but it was rebuilt again and a considerable Fortress added to it Lippa a City of Transylvania seated upon the River Marosch which falls in the Tibiscus at Segedin It stands five Hungarian Miles from Temeswar to the North and thirteen from Alba Julia or Weissenburgh to the South-West This City was taken in 1595. from the Turks by the Emperor Retaken by Assault by General Caraffa with a Body of ten thousand Imperialists on Aug. 19. 1688. And the Castle into which the Garrison retreated to save themselves being about two thousand Soldiers was obliged to Surrender upon discretion two days after There were eighteen pieces of Cannon in it Lippe Lippia a City of Westphalia more commonly called Lipstat It stands upon the River Lippe three German Miles from Paderborn to the East in Marshes and a bad Air yet it is a Hanse Town very great and the Capital of a County of the same name It was once too a Free Imperial City in length of time it became exempt and fell under the Jurisdiction of the Counts of Lippe and by one of them was mortgaged to the Duke of Cleve for eight thousand Marks of Silver and never since redeemed but together with Cleve fell to the Duke of Brandenburgh Charlemaigne assembled the Bishops of Germany here in 780. The County of Lippe is a part of the Circle of Westphalia between the Bishoprick of Paderborn the Dukedom of Westphalia and the County or Earldom of Ravensberg It is under its own Count the principal Town excepted whose Residence is at Lemgow He has also a part of the Earldom of Schaumburgh not long since granted him by Maurice Landtgrave of Hassia The Lippe Lupias Luppia is a River of Germany mentioned by Strabo and Mela. It ariseth in a Village called Lippsprinck near Paderborn and running Westward watereth Lippe or Lipstad separating the Diocese of Munster from the County of Mark it passeth by Ham Dorsten and Wesel into the Rhine twelve Miles beneath Cologn to the North-West Lippio Hyppius a River of Bithynia which falls into the Euxine Sea near Heraclea Ponti Lipuda Aretas a River of Calabria which falleth by the City of Vmbriatico into the Ionian Sea Lire Lira See Liere above Only let me add the Elogy given it by L. Guicciardin Lira elegans amoenum Brabantiae oppidum adeo ut multorum hujus Tractus Nobilium in otio degentium à curis turba jucundissimus sit recessus Lire is so beautiful and pleasant a Town of Brabant that many of the Nobility thereof make it their beloved recess from Cares and Crouds of Men. Lirio Iris the same with Casalmach Lis Loegia The same with Leye Lisbon Olysippo Vlysippo the Spaniards call it Lisboa the Capital City of the Kingdom of Portugal the Royal Seat of their Kings and an Archbishops See made by P. Boniface IX It has a large safe convenient Harbor and a Castle built on a Hill by the Taso on the North side of which River the City stands two Leagues from the Ocean and six from Cabo di Rocca Sintra In Long. 11. 00. Lat. 38. 50. According to Dr. Heylyn in Long. 9. 10. Lat. 38. 30. This City was recovered from the Moors by Alphonsus King of Portugal in 1147. It is the greatest in all Spain and every day encreasing At a Town called Bethlem within half a League of it are to be seen the Tombs of the Kings of Portugal Of this City the Spaniards have a Proverb Qui no ha visto Lisboa no ha visto cosa boa He that has not seen Lisbonne has seen nothing that 's good Lisieux Lexobii Lexovium Neomagus a City in the Vpper Normandy upon the River Tucca or rather Lezon which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Roan a great and fine City seated in a fruitful Country five Leagues from the Shoars of the British Seas to the East eighteen from Roan to the West and ten from Caen to the East The Country about is from it called the Lieuvin Caesar in his Commentaries twice mentions the Forces of the ancient People thereof against the Romans In 1106. The Ecclesiastiques held a Council here in the presence of Henry I. King of England and since others Lismore Lismora a small City in the Province of Munster in the County of Waterford which was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cashell but this Bishoprick has been united to that of Waterford since 1363. It stands upon the River More fifteen Miles from the Vergivian Ocean and twenty two from Cashell Lisnia a strong Fortress in Bosnia surprized by the Imperialists July 18. 1690. after having in the two precedent Years been thrice attack'd by them in vain Two hundred Christian Slaves were here free'd Lison Casius a Mountain of Syria mentioned by Pliny and Ptolemy lying between Cilicia and Phoenicia near Antioch and Laodicea There is another Mountain by it called the Anticasus and a Country between them called heretofore Casiolis in which are the Cities of Antiochia Seleucia Laodicea Epiphania Marathus Antaradus and some others most of which are by the Turks now Masters of this Country ruined A Gentleman who had Travelled over this Country informing me that it was little
for adhering to the Party of Albinus against him burning a great part of the City Gratianus the Emperor was perfidiously murthered in this City in 384. Majoranus General to Leo the Emperour at the request of Sidonius Apollinarus repaired and beautified this City very much about 460. But this was no long-lived splendor the Goths and Almains soon after prevailing against the Romans in France In the Reign of Clothaire King of France about 532. an end being put to the Kingdom of Burgundy erected here by the Goths this City fell into the Hands of the French In the Reign of Gunthram King of Metz between 565. and 596. this City was again burnt nor did it suffer less from the Moors about 730. who were called by the remainder of the Goths against the Franks About 955. it was given to Conrade I. King of Burgundy After this it was for some time subject to the Counts of the Forest till 1173. The See was founded by S. Potinus and Irenaeus the first of which suffered Martyrdom here about 177. Anno 1079. Pope Gregory VII is said to have made it an Archbishops See doubtless it was so long before Pope Clement V. was crowned here in the presence of Philip the Fair King of France Edward I. of England and James King of Arragon in 1305. There have been many Councils held here The most celebrated was that in 1245. under Innocent IV. against Frederick II. where that Prince was deposed as an Heretick for Intelligence with the Sultan and Familiarity with his Women which produced a destructive War in Germany and Italy There was another in 1274. under Pope Gregory X. against the Greek Church in which were five hundred Bishops sixty or seventy Archbishops and one thousand other Ecclesiasticks together with the Patriarchs of Antioch and Constantinople c. Long. 26. 00. Lat. 45. 15. Lyonnois Lugdunensis Provincia is a small Province in France having on the East la Bresse and the Dauphine on the South and West le Foretz and on the North le Beaujolois it has on the East the Rhosne and extends from it to the West about twelve Leagues in length about fifteen Lyons en Forest Leones a small Town in Normandy incompassed with Woods and Forests upon the River Orleau four Leagues from Roan to the East Lyon en Beausse a Village in that Province seven Leagues from Orleans to the North. Lyon sur Loyre a Village in Orleans in the Confines of Berry one League above Sully to the East Lysmore See Lismore M A. MAara Spelunca Sidoniorum a Grott or Cave in Palestine in the Territory of Great Zidon or the Land of the Sidonians mentioned Josh 13. 4. In the year 1161. the Christians secured themselves for sometime here against the Saracens Macandan a Promontory in Africa called by the Ancients Arsinarium now commonly Cape Verde Macao Amacao Amacum a City in China in the Province of Quantum upon the South part of that Kingdom in Long. 141. 30. Lat. 23. 00. Built upon a small Island with two Forts heretofore under the Portuguese during which times it was a celebrated Mart much frequented and very rich but being now in the hands of the Tartars who have conquered China it decays a pace and is much declined from what it was Macaria a Lake or Marsh near Marathon a Town in Attica in which a considerable part of the Forces of Xerxes King of Persia perished being beaten by the Grecians both by Sea and Land at the same time and in their flight forced into this unpassable place by the pursuers Whence the Proverb in Macariam abi for a Curse § This also was the ancient Name of a City in the Island of Cyprus now become a Village and called Jalines The whole Island of Cyprus had the Title of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 given it by the Greeks from its fertility And the Island of Maczua in the Gulph of Arabia has been honoured with the same Macascar Macassar Macasaria a great Island in the Indian Sea sometimes called Celebes Extended from North to South two hundred French Leagues and one hundred broad there are in it six Kingdoms Macasar Cion Sanguin Cauripana Getigan and Supara the two principal Cities are Macasar and Bantachia The South parts are much frequented by the English and Dutch which latter of late in 1669. have severely treated the King of Macascar whose Dominions lie in the South of the Island and comprehend the far greatest part of it This Island lies between the Molucco's to the East and Borneo to the West and is sometimes ascribed to the former The Line cutteth the Northern part of it The Inhabitants heretofore went naked did eat Mans Flesh and had all the Criminals of the Molucco's sent over to them for that purpose but they are much civilized Two young Princes of this Country Brothers that were bred at Siam in the Mahometan Religion and sent to Paris by the King of Siam to be instructed in Christianity on October 17. 1687. received Christian Baptism at Paris It produces plenty Rice Fruit Cocao Cattle Fish besides Gold Ivory Cotton c. The City Macasar stands in the South part and enjoys the benefit of a good Port. Macclesfield or Maxfield a large fair Market Town in Cheshire upon the River Bollin The Capital of its Hundred Adorned with the Title of an Earldom in the Person of the Right Honourable Charles Gerard. Macchia a Dutchy in the Capitanata in the Kingdom of Naples Macedonia is a Kingdom of great antiquity and fame in Greece Anciently bounded by the Adriatick Sea to the West the Aegean Sea to the East now called the Archipelago the Vpper Moesia a part of Illyricum now called Servia cut off by Mount Sandus to the North and on the South it had Epirus Thessalia and Achaia It was then divided into four parts as Livy saith under which were twenty six Provinces and at this day though Albania which was of old a part of it is dismembred yet the remainder is divided into four parts by the Turks 1. Jamboli of old Macedonia prima and secunda which lies East between Thrace and the Bay of Thessalonica 2. Macedonia properly so called lies between Mount Karoponitze to the North Thessalia to the South and the Bay of Thessalonica to the East 3. Comenolitari the third part Macedonia tertia and part of Thessalia has Macedonia properly so called on the North Albania on the West Thessalia on the South and the same Bay on the East 4. Janna lies yet more South and is the remainder of that which was anciently called Thessalia on the North it has Commenolitari on the West Epirus on the South Livadia and on the East the Archipelago and Bay of Negropont The Reader may observe that Thessalia is now a part of Macedonia though anciently not and Albania which anciently was a part of it now is a separate Kingdom both are under the Turks This Country anciently divided into one hundred and fifty Tribes or
fifty Leagues from Quiloa to the North in an Island of about four Leagues Circumference Long. 65. 00. Southern Lat. 30. 00. Dr. Heylyn placeth it Long. 72. 00. Lat. 4. 50. Francis Almaida the Portugal Viceroy of Africa sack'd and burnt this City in 1505. After which the Portuguese secured themselves of the Cittadel till 1631 when the King of Monbaze took it by assault Massacred all the Christians and from a Christian Convert turned Turk again to be protected by the Turks Mommedi a strong Castle in Lorain Mompellier Mons Pessulus or Pessulanus a City in the Lower Languedoc in France which has been a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Narbon ever since the Year 1636 when it was substituted in the place of Maguelone a ruined City by Pope Paul III. It stands upon the River Lez upon an Hill two Leagues from the Mediterranean Sea to the North and fifteen from Narbon to the East Sold in 1349. by Sanctius King of Majorca whose Predecessors and he till then was possessed of it to Philip de Valoise King of France It is great populous well built and has an University particularly famous for the study of Physick Monaco See Munchen Monaco Menaecium Herculis Monoecii Portus corruptly called Mourgues by the Neighborhood is a small Sea Port Town in the States of Genoua of great Antiquity being mentioned by Strabo and Ptolemy It is now very strongly fortified has a strong Castle built on a Rock a safe Harbor upon the Mediterranean Sea and a Princely Pallace belonging to the Family of Grimaldi the supreme Lords of the Town though under the Protection of the Crown of France ever since 1641. This is the Capital of the little principality of Monaco to which belong only two places more Rocca Bruna and Menton It is almost surrounded by the County of Nice but on the East it has the States of Genoua and at this Town the Maritim Alpes begin It stands about two Miles from Nizza to the East and sixty two from Embrun to the South-East Mon Mona Anglesey an Island and County in Wales Monaghan a Town and County in the Province of Vlster in Ireland The County hath on the East of it Armagh on the North Tyrone on the South and South-East Cavan Lowthe and part of East Meath and on the West Fermanagh It contains five Baronies Monbeliar Mons Belligardus a Town and County in the Franche Comte belonging to the Duke of Wurtenburgh called by the Germans Mompelgart by the French Montbeliart The County lies between Suntgow to the East and the Franche Comte to the West North and South under a Prince of its own The Town stands at the foot of Mount Vauge upon the River Alaine which a little lower falls into the Doux Dubis and has a Castle in which resides the Count who is of the Family of Wurtenburgh but the out-works of this Castle are destroyed This Town is forty Miles from Besanzon to the South-East and thirty three from Basil to the West Monbrison Monbrisonium a City in le Forez a Province of France upon the River Vesie sixteen Leagues from Lion to the West and two from the Loyre to the same Called in the middle Writers Mons Brusonis Moncastro the same with Bialogorod Moncayo Caunus a Mountain which lies in the Confines of Arragon and Old Castile two Leagues from Tarrazona to the South and six from the Ebro Moncenis Mons Cenisius Cibenica juga a Mountain over which the high Road lies between Piedmont and Savoy Moncon Montio a fortified Town of the Kingdom of Arragon in Spain upon an Hill with the River Cinea running at its foot Moncontour Monconturium a small Town in the Province of Poictou in France upon the ascent of a Hill where the River Dive passes nine or ten Leagues from Poictiers towards Loudun It was made remarkable in 1569. by the Victory which the Roman Catbolicks gained over the Huguenots in the Reign of Charles IX whose Army Royal fought under the Command of Henry Duke of Anjou afterwards K. Henry III. and that of the Huguenots under Admiral Coligny Mondego Monda Munda a River in Portugal which ariseth near la Guarda a City of that Kingdom and flowing Westward between the Douero to the North and the Tajo Tagus to the South it divides the Province of Beira and washing the City of Coimbra seven Leagues lower falls into the Atlantick Ocean Mondonnedo Mindon Mindonia Glandomirum a small City of Galicia which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Compostella it sprung up out of the ruins of Bretonia a near City four Leagues from the Ocean eight from Lugo to the North and six from Rivadeo to the West It is small and in a decaying State seated in the Mountains and washed by Valindares and Sexto two small Rivolets Long. 9. 25. Lat. 43. 18. Mondi or Mondevi Mondovi and Montdevis Mons vici Mons Realis a strong City in Piedmont in Italy which has a Noble Castle and is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Turin the second next to Turin within that principality for largeness and populousness Seated on a Mount or Hill at the Foot of the Apennine towards the Borders of the State of Genoua and of the Dukedom of Montisferat it had heretosore an University which is since removed to Turin It belonged heretofore to the Dukedom of Montisferat and at the Request of Theodorus II. Marquess of Montisferat was made a Bishops See in 1388. Pope Pius V. was Bishop of this place when he was chosen Pope It stands two Miles from the Tanaro fifteen from Cunio to the East and eighteen from Alba to the South now under the Duke of Savoy Charles Emanuel I. Duke of Savoy was the Founder of the Cathedral here in which they pretend to preserve a miraculous Image of the Blessed Virgin Mondidier Mons desiderii Mondiderium a strong and garrisoned Town in the tract of Santerre in Picardy in France upon an Hill betwixt Amiens and Compiegne near a little River falling into the Auregue It hath repulsed several attacques of the Spaniards Monemagt or Mono-Emugi Monemagium a Kingdom in Africa in the Lower Aethiopia otherwise called Nimeamaje it is a great Kingdom extending from the Kingdom of Macoco on the West to that of Monotapia on the South the Kingdoms of Monbaza and Quiloa East Sofala and Mosambick North. But what Cities or Provinces it has was never yet discovered by any European Monervino Minervium Minervinum Mons Orvinus a City in the Province of Bari in the Kingdom of Naples which is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Bari Small ill built not much peopled and seated in the Confines of the Basilicate Monfeltro or Montefeltro Feretrum Mons Feretranus Leopolis a City of Vmbria now in the Dukedom of Vrbino and the Capital of a Territory in the same in the States of the Church commonly called San Leo it is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Vrbino It stands upon the Skirts of
it self the Publick Schools and Physick Garden are admired by all By the Charter of K. Edward III. the Mayor of the City stands bound to obey the Orders and live in Subjection to the Vicechancellour of the Vniversity which from the time of its Restauration under K. Alfred has been all along accounted one of the four principal Vniversities of Europe the three other being Paris Salamanca and Bologna Henry VIII added in the year 1541. the Honor of a Bishop's See Aubrey de Vere the present Earl of Oxford is the twentieth of his Family which has been honored with this Title ever since the year 1155 or as others say in 1137. It is certain he is the first Earl in England Long. 19. 20. Lat. 52. 01. This City having suffered very much with and for Charles the Martyr after a Siege from May 2. to June 24. 1646 was surrendred to the Parliamentarians Oxirynchus or Oxgrynchus an ancient Town in the Kingdom of Egypt mentioned by Evagrius He says the Inhabitants were almost all Monks or Nuns and that it had then twelve Churches besides the Monasteries Oyse Aesia a River of France which ariseth in Picardy and running Southward by Guise and la Fere takes in there the Serre then entering the Isle of France at Compeigne it takes in the Aysne and between Clermont and Senlis passeth to Pont-Oyse beneath which it falls into the Seyne eight Leagues below Paris Ozaca a great City of the Kingdom of Japan in the Island of Niphonia with a splendid Castle belonging to the King built some few years since The Island is in a very large Bay of the Province of Jetsesena The City stands in the middle of the Island fifty Leagues from Meaco to the North-East Ozsurgheti Ozurietum the Capital City of the Kingdom of Guriel in Georgia where the King of Guriel resides Ozwieczin Ozviecinum a Town in the Lesser Poland in the Palatinate of Cracovia upon the Vistula where it takes in the Sala scarce three Polish Miles from Silesia and about seven from Cracovia to the West It has a Timber Castle seated in a Morass Honored with the Title of a Dukedom In the year 1654 it returned to the Crown of Poland after it had for many years been annexed to Silesia This Town is called by the Germans Ausch-Wits P A. PAchacama a famous fertile and pleasant Valley in the Kingdom of Peru four Leagues from Lima where stood in the times of the Yncas or Indian Emperors of Peru a most magnificent Temple by them built to the honour of the Creator of the Vniverse says Garcillasus not of the Sun as others misrepresent their Devotion Its Ruines are yet apparent This Temple was immensely rich with the Treasures especially hidden in it when Pizarro became Master of the Country It is said himself drew thence above nine hundred thousand Duccates Pacamores a People of Peru near the Confluence of the Maranio and the River of Amazons Pacca the Moorish Name of Beja a City of Portugal Pactolus a River of the Lesser Asia which ariseth in Lydia from the Mountain Tmolus and passeth by the City Sardis into the Hermus now Sarabat whence it is also by the Moderns called by the same Name of Sarabat The antient Poets often quote its golden Sands Padeborn Paderborn Paderborna Padeburna a City of Westphalia which is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Mentz by the Institution of Charles the Great who held a Diet or Parliament here in 777. In 799. Pope Leo III. took refuge in this City In 999. it happened to be burnt In 1002. the Empress Cunegonda was crowned at it Of old an Imperial and Free City but since exempt and in the Hands of its own Bishop ever since 1604. It is seated near the Rise of the River Lippe twelve Miles from Munster to the North-East and ten from Cassel to the South-West about two Miles from it lies the Castle of Newhaus built by Theodore Furstemberg Bishop of this Seâ— in the year 1590 for the Residence of the Bishop Long. 30. 30. Lat. 51. 45. § The Bishoprick of Paderborn is a Tract in the Circle of Westphalia bounded on the North by the County of Lippâ— on the East by Munster on the South by Hassia and on the West by the Dukedom of Westphalia It is from North to South forty Miles The principal Places in it are Paderborn Brackel and Warburgh Ferdinand Furstemberg Bishop of this Diocese has written a History of it Padoua Patavium a Ciâ—y of Italy in the States of Venice upon the Rivers Brenta and Bachiglione twenty four Miles from Venice to the West eighteen from Vicenza and forty eight from Ferrara to the North. All the ancient Writers agree this City was built by Antenor a Trojan particularly Virgil speaking of Antenor says Hic tamen ille urbem Patavi sedesque locavit soon after the Ruin of Troy They pretend to shew his Tomb here upon which there is an Inscription in Gothick Letters that cannot be equally old In this City was brought into the World Livy the great Roman Historian About the year of Christ 452 it was ruined by Attila King of the Huns rebuilt by the Inhabitants of Ravenna About an hundred years after the Lombards destroyed it and Charles the Great refounded it In 1140. it came into the Possession of the Carrarii In 1221 Frederick II. Emperor opened the University here In 1403. John Galeatius Duke of Milan put an end to this Family and three years after the Venetians took it from him In 1509 it was taken from them by Maximilian I. Emperor of Germany but being soon after recovered has ever since continued under that State It is great and strong but not very populous and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Aquileja Long. 33. 58. Lat. 44. 54. The Country it stands in is so fruitful as to give occasion to this Italian Proverb to prefer Padua before either Venice or Bologna Bologna la grassa Venetia la guasta ma Padoa la passa It is made a strong place by its Castles Towers Walls and Ditches The Palaces and publick Buildings are noble the Vniversity is particularly famous for the Faculty of Physick It is the Capital of the Territory called the Padouan which comprehends Este Arqua Poluerara Castelbaldo Montagnana Mirano c. There are two Academies of the Ingenious established in it under the Titles of gli Recoverati and gli inflammati It shews the ruines of a Roman Amphitheatre And in the year 1350. a Synod was assembled in this City Padstow a Market Town in the County of Cornwall in the Hundred of Pider with a Haven to the North Sea Pagâ—ts â—romley a Market Town in Staffordshire in the Hundred of Pirehill upon the River Blithe Paglion â—auâ—on a small River which washeth the City of Nice in Piedmouâ— then falls into the Mediterranean Sea alamos a Sea-Port Town in Catalonia The Palatinate of Bavaria See Bavaria The Palatinate of the Rhine Palatinatus Rheni Palatinatus Inferior
North America in the Province of Acadia was taken by the English and restored to the French by the Treaty of Breda in 1667. It stands at the bottom of the Bay of France and has a safe and large Harbour Port Royal a Port in Florida near Virginia Port Royal a celebrated Nunnery near Cheureuse in France six Leagues from Paris Port Royal a Port on the South of Jamaica in the Hands of the English by whom the Town was built Which before the late dreadful Earthquake 1692 ruined the greatest part of it had in it above one thousand and five hundred Houses and extended twelve Miles in length extremely populous it being the Scale of Trade in that Island It is seated at the end of a long point of Land which makes the Harbor and runs into the Main about twelve Miles having the Sea on the South and the Harbor on the North. The Harbor is about three Leagues broad and in most places so deep that a Ship of one thousand Tun may lay her sides to the Shoar of the Point Lead and Unload at pleasure and it affords good Anchorage all over For the security of it there is built a very strong Castle always well Garrisoned with Soldiers and has sixty pieces of Cannon mounted Yet this Town stands upon a loose Sand which affords neither Grass Stone fresh Water Trees nor any other thing that could encourage the building of a Town besides the goodness and convenience of the Harbor Porto Sabione Edron a Port on the Gulph of Venice near Chiosa Fossa Clodia a City in that State twenty five Miles from Venice Porto di Salo Salorius a Port in Catalonia four Miles from Tarragona towards Barcinone Porto Santo Cerne one of the Azore Islands discovered by the Portuguese in 1428 and by them called Ilha de Puerto Santo Not far from the Madera about eight Leagues in Circuit Porto Seguro a City Port and Prefecture in Brasil in South America upon the Sea Coast under the Portuguese The Prefecture lyes betwixt that called los Isleos and the other of Spiritu Santo Port Uendres Portus Veneris a large Port in the County of Russilion upon the Mediterranean Sea in the Borders of Catalonia Seventeen Miles from Perpignan to the North-East It has this name from a Temple dedicated to Venus in the times of Paganism which stood near it Porto Uenere Portus Venerii Portus Veneris a Town in the States of Genoua which has a Haven and a Castle built by the Genouese in 1113 seated over against the Isle of Palmaria Sixty Miles from Genoua and three from the Gulph del Spezza to the East Porto Uiejo a Town and Port in Peru in South America upon the Pacifick Ocean in the Province and not far from the City Quito Porto Zora Pisidon a City of Africa Propria mentioned by Ptolemy now called Zora by the Europeans and Zuarat by the Moors It is a strong Place which has a large Harbor belonging to it in the Kingdom of Tunis one hundred and twenty Miles from Tripoli to the West taken and plundered by the Knights of Malta not long since Portsmouth Portus Magnus a Town in Hampshire in the Hundred of Ports down of great Antiquity called by Ptolemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Great Haven the Old Town then stood higher up The New Town is built upon an Island called Portsey which is about fourteen Miles in Circuit and at a full Tide floats in Salt Water by a Bridge on the North joined to the Continent The Town is fortified with a Timber Wall covered with Earth on the North-East near the Gate it has a Fort and two Block-Houses at the entry of the Haven built of hewen Stone by Edward IV. and Henry VII To which Qu. Elizabeth added other Works and a Garrison to watch and defend the Place The latter Princes have built Store-houses for all sorts of Naval Provisions and Docks for the building of Ships In Mr. Cambdens time it was more resorted to on the account of War than Commerce and had little other Trade than what arose from the boiling of Salt But since its Trade is much encreased It is grown populous a good Nursery for Sea-men and a Corporation represented by two Burgesses in the Lower House of Parliament Giving also the Title of Dutchess to the Lady Louisa de Querouaille Created by K. Charles II. 1673. Baroness of Petersfield Countess of Farnham and Dutchess of Portsmouth Portugal Lusitania Portugallia a Kingdom on the West of Spain bounded on the West by the Atlantick Ocean on the South by Algarve which is annexed to this Kingdom on the East by Andalusia Extremadura and Leon and on the North by Gallicia It lies on the Sea Coast from North to South four hundred Miles not above one hundred where broadest and eighty in the narrower places eight hundred and seventy nine in Compass Divided into five Provinces to wit Entre Douero è Minho Tra los Montes Beira Estremadura and Alentejo or Entre Tejo è Guadiana whereunto was added Algarve under Alphonsus III. with the Title of a Kingdom The principal Rivers are those four expressed in the Names of the Provinces Douero Minho Tajo and Guadiana which furnish the Kingdom with very convenient Ports It was anciently called Lusitania from the the Lusitani its first Inhabitants and took the present Name about the fifth Century from Poriocale a celebrated Mart. The Air is generally healthful the Earth Hilly and Barren especially as to Corn which is much of it imported from France But it yields Wine Fruits Fish Game Salt Horses and Mines And is so very populous about Spain especially towards the Sea that they reckon more than four hundred Cities or great privileged Towns three Archbishopricks ten Bishopricks and above four thousand Parishes This Kingdom is said to be founded by one Henry Earl of Lorain about 1099. For this Prince having shewn much Gallantry in the Wars against the Moors was by Alphonsus VI. King of Castile rewarded with the Marriage of Teresia a Natural Daughter of his and a part of this Kingdom with the Title of an Earl The Son of this Henry Alphonsus I. having in 1139. in the Battel of Obrique defeated five Moorish Kings assumed the Title of King This Prince assembled the Estates of his Kingdom at Lamego in the Province of Beira who there passed a Law called the Law or Statute of Lamego for the exclusion of Strangers from the Crown which remains in full force to this day His Posterity enjoyed this Kingdom and very much inlarged it by Victories against the Moors at home and by the Discovery of several unknown Countries abroad for seventeen Descents Amongst which John I. styled the Father of his Country succeeded in 1385. tho only the Natural Son of Peter I. the King save one immediately preceding his ascension But Sebastian a young Prince who succeeded King John III. in 1557. perishing in a Battel in Africa in 1580. and Henry dying soon after who was a
Brabant in the Borders of Guelderland four Leagues from Bosleduc Which belongs with its Territory to the Duke of Newburgh but in the custody of the Vnited Netherlands The Cittadel that did stand here in the times of the Dukes of Cleves its former Masters was demolished by the Articles of a Treaty passed betwixt William Duke of Cleves and Juliers and the Emperor Charles V. Rayleigh a Market Town in the County of Essex in the Hundred of Rochford Re Rea Reacus an Island on the Coast of Saintonge in Aquitain near the Pais d' Aunis in the Diocese of the Bishop of Rochelle three Leagues from Rochelle to the West The principal Town of it is S. Martin once a place of great strength near which the English received a great defeat from the French in 1627 whilst they attempted the Relief of Rochelle There is now a considerable Fort standing to secure it a high Watch-Tower upon the Coast built by Lewis XIV called la Tour des Baleines to lighten the road and prevent the dangers of the Shelfes adjacent of that name It yields vast plenty of Wine yearly Rea a Stream in Shropshire Reading the best Town in Berkshire seated upon the Thames where it receives the Kennet with several Bridges over those two Rivers which had anciently a Castle and a noble Church both ruined in Mr. Cambden's time The Danes about 845. made this place the Seat of their Rapines and were hardly expelled by Aethelwolph King of Mercia Being Garrisoned for the King in the beginning of the late Troubles it was taken by the Earl of Essex April 26. 1643 after a Siege of ten days and was ever after a great vexation to the City of Oxford then the Kings Head Quatters The County Assizes usually are here kept It is a well inhabited Town contains three Parishes the Capital of its Hundred and a Corporation besides represented by two Members in the House of Commons Recanati Recinetum Recina Nova a City in the Marchia Anconitana in Italy which has sprung out of the ruines of the ancient Helvia Recina and whose See was united with that of Loretto in 1591. Recif a strong Fort in Brasil called by the Portuguese Reciffa it stands near the City of Olinda in the Province of Pernambuck for some time in the Hands of the Hollanders till the Portuguese in 1654. retook it Reculver a Sea Town in the County of Kent in Augustine Lath some Miles North of Conterbury Deserving to be particularly taken notice of for the Palace and Residence of Ethelbert the first Christian Saxon King of Kent here in former times The high Spire of the Church makes a good Sea mark The Red Sea Mare Rubrum Erythroeum Azanium Arabicus Sinus is a Branch of the Indian or Aethiopian Ocean which parts Arabia from Africa and Egypt running from North to South above twelve hundred Miles The Arabians call this Sea Buhriel Calzem the Sea of Calzem from a City of that name towards the North it is not above eight or nine Miles over as Mr. Thevenot observes who Travelled on its Shoars five days It is narrow and full of Rocks therefore dangerous to Sailers for which and other reasons now not much frequented since the way to the Indies was discovered by the Ocean This Sea will be famous to all Ages upon the account of the Children of Israels passing it on dry Ground when they went up out of Egypt Redford East a Market Town in Nottinghamshire in the Hundred of Northclay upon the River Iddel Rednitz Radiantia a River of Franconia which ariseth in Nortgow in the Borders of the Upper Palatinate near Weissenburgh and besides some smaller Rivers beneath Norimburgh it receives the Pegnitz and a little beneath Bamberg falls into the Mayn or Meyn Rees Reesium a small City formerly well fortified in the Dukedom of Cleves upon the Rhine and Garrisoned by the Hollanders tho it belonged to the Duke of Brandenburgh Being taken by the French in 1672 in 1674. it was restored to that Duke but dismantled by the French it stands three German Miles from Wesel to the North and the same distance from Cleve to the East Regen Reginus a River in Germany which ariseth in Nortgow in the Borders of Bohemia and flowing through the Upper Palatinate falls into the Danube at Ratisbon in Bavaria which City is from this River sometimes called Reginum Regenspurg the same with Ratisbon Reggio Regium Lepidi a City in the Dukedom of Modena which is a Bishops See once under the Archbishop of Ravenna but now under the Archbishop of Bononia It stands between Parma to the West and Modena to the East fifteen Miles from either The Capital of a Dukedom now possessed by the Duke of Modena and the second City of note in the estate of that Duke being great and strong accompanied with a good Cittadel The Goths and other Barbarians ruined it divers times But Charles the Great repair'd it Reggio or Regge Rhegium Julium or Rigio a City of the Further Calabria in the Kingdom of Naples called d' Rijo by the Spaniards which is an Archbishops See upon the Shoars of the Streights of Sicily at the most Southern point of Italy in a fruitful Plain Built by the Chalcidians in the year of the World 3279. eighty two years after Rome it flourished many years in the condition of a free State till at last it fell into the Hands of the Sicilian Tyrant Dionysius after a Siege of eleven Months This Prince began his Reign in the year of Rome 360. and Reigned thirty eight years but I cannot assign the year of this Action The City lay little regarded from that time till Julius Caesar rebuilt it and made it a Roman Colony calling it Rhegium Julium after which it is frequently mentioned in the Latin Historians At this day it is very considerable though it has been several times surprized and Plundered by the Mahometans particularly in 1552. Long. 40. 12. Lat. 37. 05. Regillus a Lake in the Territory of the ancient Tusculum in Latium now in the Campagna di Roma in the States of the Church by the name of Castiglione betwixt the City Tivoli and la Cava deli ' Aglio The Victory of Aulus Posthumius over King Tarquin the last King of the Romans after the deposition of him was obtained near this Lake Reims Remi Durocortorum Civitas Remensis Civitas Duricortora Remorum is a very ancient great fine populous City of France in the Province of Champagne and an Archbishops See a Dukedom and an University which latter was Instituted by the Cardinal of Guise in the Reign and by the permission of Henry II. King of France The Archbishop is always the first Duke and Peer of France claims the Right of Anointing the King accordingly the Holy Ampoul or Viol of Oil which an Angel brought from Heaven at the Coronation of the first Christian King of France is ever kept in the Abbey of S. Remy here This City stands upon the River
and with it into the Ocean Seyde Sidon by the Germans called Said is a City of Phoenicia in Syria upon the Shores of the Mediterranean North of Tyre about a League distant from the remains of the ancient Sidon Sister to Tyre in the Scripture for its Sins and the Punishments of them A populous City full of Merchants and Artisans of all Nations driving a great Trade in Cotton and Silk The Franciscans Capuchins and Jesuits have each their Chappels the Turks seven or eight Mosques and the Jews one Synagogue here The Maronites of Mount Libanus and the Armenian Greeks enjoy the like Liberties Without the City appear many Gardens of Oranges Citrons Tamarines Palm-trees and the Fig-trees of Adam so called because bearing a Leaf of the length of six foot and the breadth of two Adam it is supposed covered his nakedness with them It hath two small Fortresses but so far ruined as to remain indefensible The Turks keep a a Sangiack here under the Bassaw of Damascus a Cady or Judge and an Aga of the Janizaries The French a Consul All which Officers are handsomely lodged the rest of the Houses are ill built The Harbor formerly was capable of receiving many and great Vessels but is now choaked with Sand to that degree as to admit only of Skiffs whilst Ships lye in the road behind the Rocks for Shelter In the Christian times it was a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Tyre The Eutychians held Council here of twenty four Bishops in 512 under the protection of the Emperour Anastasius In 1260 the Tartars became Masters of it from whom the Turks obtain'd it about one hundred and fifty years since There is now a Caemetery upon a part of the Mountain Antilibanus in the place where the Old Sidon stood for the use of the Christians of Seyde And the Maronites have a poor Chappel by it Seyne See Seine ◠Sezza Setia a City of Campagna di Roma in Italy of good Antiquity mentioned by Martial It is said to have sometime been a Bishop's See though not now Du Val places an Epispocal City of the same name in the Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples Sfacchia Leuci a Range of Mountains in the Territory of Cydonia on the West side of the Island of Candy which gave name to the Sfacciotes who signalized themselves by their valiant resistance against the Turks when they endeavoured the ravishing that Island from the Seigniory of Venice of late years Shaftsbury Septonia a Town upon the Stoure in the North-East Borders of Dorsetshire towards Wiltshire seated in the form of a Bow on an high Hill which affords it a serene Air and a large delightful Prospect but deprives it very much of Water In the times of the Norman Conquest it had one hundred and four Houses and after this ten Parish Churches now three with about 500 Houses built of the Freestone of its own Hill Some write King Canutus the Dane died here This Town was built by King Alfred in 880 as Mr. Cambden proves from an old Inscription mentioned in William of Malmesbury In 1672 Charles II. created Anthony Ashley Cooper then Lord Chancellor of England Earl of Shaftsbury who died in Holland and his Son succeeded him in this Honour Shannon Shennyn or Shennonon Senus Sinejus a River in Ireland which is one of the principal in that Kingdom It ariseth in the County of Roscomon in the Province of Connaught out of Mount Slewnern and flowing Southward through Letrim forms a vast Lake called Myne Eske and Ree towards the North end of which on the East side stands Letrim in the middle Longford towards the South Ardagh on the West side Elphem and Roscomon and at some distance from the Lake to the South Athlone Beneath which comes in from the West the Logh a vast River from three other Lakes more to the West called Garoch Mesks and Ben-Carble on the East it receives the Anney so passing by Bannogh and Clonfort to the Lake of Derg at Kiloe it leaves that Lake and passeth to Limerick where it turns full West and between Munster to the South and Connaught to the North enters the Vergivian Ocean by a Mouth five Miles wide between Cape Leane and Cape Sanan having in this Course separated Leinster and Munster from Connaught Shap a large Village in the County of Westmorland in Westward near the River Lowther in which in the Reign of Henry I Thomas Son of Jospatrick founded an Abbey and the same was the only Abbey in this County There is near this Town a noted Well which ebbs and flows often in a day and a perfect Bow of vast Stones some nine foot high and fourteen thick pitch'd at equal distances from each other for for the space of a Mile Sheale a Town in the Bishoprick of Durham in Chester-ward upon the Mouth of the River Tine The Newcastle Coal-Fleet takes its Cargo here Sheffield a large well-built Market-town in the West riding of Yorkshire in the hundred of Strafford upon the River Dun of particular note for Iron Wares even in Chaucer's time who describes a Person with a Sheffield VVhittle by his side It shews the ruines of one of the five Castles formerly seated upon the same River Dun in the compass of ten Miles Corn especially is much bought up here for the supply of some parts of Derby and Nottingham shires as well as Yorkshire Shefford a Market Town in Bedfordshire in the Hundred of Clifton situated between two Rivulets which below it join to fall in one Stream into the Avon Sheppey Shepey Toliapis an Island on the Eastern Coast of Kent at the Mouth of the Thames and Medway Separated by the River Medway from Kent and on all other sides surrounded with the Sea About eight Miles long and six broad Fruitful in Pasturage and well watered especially on the South by Rivers The Danes Earl Goodwin his Sons and their Adherents much harassed it in former times Queensborough is its chief Town it hath several other Towns besides and hath been honoured with the Title of an Earldom in the Lady Dacres Countess of Shepey Shepton-Mallet or Malley a large Market Town in Somersetshire in the hundred of VVhiston Shipton a Market Town in VVorcestershire in the hundred of Oswalderston upon the River Stower It stands in a slip of the County taken off from VVarwickshire Shirburne Clarus Fons a Town and Castle in the North-West of Dorsetshire on the Borders of Somersetshire upon a River of the same Name which afterwards falls into the Parret the Capital of its Hundred Built on the side of an Hill in a fruitful and pleasant Country and much increased in the number of its Inhabitants and its Wealth by the Cloathing Trade In 704. a Bishop's See was erected here translated afterwards to Sunning and thence to Salisbury The Family of the Digbys Earls of Bristol are Barons of Shirburne § Also a Market Town in the West riding of Yorkshire in the Hundred of
Targovisto Targovistum Targoviscum Tergovistus Tiriscum a great City which is the Capital of Moldavia and the Seat of their Princes The Natives call it Ternisch It stands in the Borders of Walachia up the River Jaloniza sixty Miles from Nigeboli to the North and a little more from Cronstad or Brassaw in Transylvania to the South in a Marsh Heretofore together with Moldavia under the King of Hungary And now returned under that Crown again See Moldavia Tariffa a City of Spain in Andalusia near the Streights of Gibraltar once a great and strong place but now almost ruined inhabited by a few though it has a Castle and an Haven It was recovered from the Moors in 1292. And Octob. 28. 1340. the Moors received a great Defeat near this place which stands four Leagues from Algezira to the West and six from the Coast of Barbary to the North. Tarne or le Tar Tarnis a River of Aquitain in France which springeth from Mount Losere in Givaudan and being improved by some lesser Streams watereth Millaud then entering Languedoc it visiteth Montauban where it is covered by a lovely Stone Bridge and a little beneath Moissac falls into the Garonne five Leagues above Agen. The present King of France has with great expence of late years made this River Navigable by Boats Taro or Tarro Tarus a River of Lombardy in Italy which ariseth from the Apennine in the Borders of the States of Genoua and running through a Valley of its own name and through the Dukedom of Parma falls thirteen Miles below Cremona into the Po. Upon the Banks of this River Charles VIII of France in 1495. defeated all the Forces of Italy assembled hither to stop him from going out of Italy Tarpeya a Lake in the Kingdom of Peru in South America near the City Potosi springing from a large Fountain in the middle of itself Tarragona Tarraco a City of Spain which in ancient time gave name to that part of Spain called Hispania Tarraconensis It was built by the Scipio's others say before the Roman Conquest Eratosthenes having mentioned it in the year of the World 2780. The Scipio's much enlarged it and therefore Pliny and Solinus make them the Founders Mela saith it was in his time the richest Maritim City on the Eastern Coast of Spain It was certainly a great Metropolis and had fourteen lesser Cities under it The Moors ruined the Roman City and rebuilt that which now stands walling it for the greater security It is now an Archbishops See and an University founded by Cardinal Gasparo de Cervantes Archbishop of this See in the Reign of Philip II. It stands at the Mouth of the River Tulcis now el Fracoli which affords it a small Haven on the Mediterranean Sea thirteen Spanish Leagues from Tortosa and fifteen from Barcelone In a decaying condition Long. 22. 53. Lat. 41. 58. In 1242. a Synod was held here to oppose the progress of the Doctrines of the Vaudois Tarsus Tarsos the Metropolitan City of Cilicia in the Lesser Asia upon the River Cydenum which divides it into two equal parts It took divers names from the Roman Emperours At this day it is called by the Inhabitants Terassa by the Turks Terfis by the Italians Tarso Now an Archbishops See six Miles from the Shoars of the Mediterranean Pope Clement IX bore the Title of this See before his Election to the Pontificate Long. 66. 14. Lat. 38. 56. This City deservs a particular veneration from all Christians because S. Paul the Great Apostle of the Gentiles was born in it and by that means pleaded its privilege to avoid some ill usages he had otherwise suffered This is also the Tarshish whither Jonas desired to pass when he took Ship at Joppe Joh. 1. 3. which the following part of his Story hath made so memorable Lyra and S. Anselme interpret the Tharsis of King Solomon whither his Fleet went to buy precious Merchandises for the Temple of this place also But others reject their opinion and we have no Concord amongst the Learned upon that question See Ophir Tartar Occhardus a River of Serica a part of the Asiatick Tartary from which that Nation took its name of Tartaria The Country is bounded on the West by Mount Imaus and on the East by China now thought to be called Suchur There is a City upon it of the same name Tartaro Tartarus Atrianus a River in the States of Venice which ariseth in the Territory of Verona and flowing East watereth Adria an ancient City then one part of it falls into that Branch of the Po called il Fuosa and the other into the River Adige Tartary Tartaria Scythae is divided commonly into the Great and Asiatick the Lesser and European Tartary For this latter see Krim Tartary Chersonesus Taurica and Precop The Asiatick Tartary is the far greatest Country in all Asia called by the Poles Tartarcka Bounded on the North by the Frozen Ocean on the East by the same Sea and China on the South by China India Persia and the Caspian Sea on the West by Russia The North Eastern Bounds upon Japan and China are utterly unknown It is not certain but that Asia and America may there meet or at most may be divided by a narrow Channel which could never yet be discovered This Country extends from the Mouth of the Nieper to the Cape of Tabin North-East one thousand German Miles and from the Mouth of the River Obb to the Wall of China South-East fifteen hundred of the same Miles perhaps it is much greater towards the North and East It is divided into Tartary properly so called Tartaria Deserta Zagathai Cathay and Turquestan these containing many Kingdoms some of which as to the names of them are as yet unknown to us The people are the most Barbarous of Mankind Bloody Fierce and Brutish The Country appears Barren Desolate Uncultivated without Cities settled Inhabitants Agriculture and fixed Limits The Princes are absolute Masters of their respective People which live in Hoards wandring with their Wives and Children in covered Waggons from place to place with their Cattle their only Wealth as necessity and the season of the year require This course of life has in a great degree fitted them for War Accordingly when ever they have broken in upon the Civilized World they have proved in every Age the Scourges of God In this last Age one of these Princes broke in upon China and in a few years conquered it Tarudante Tarodantum Torodantum the Capital City of Suz Heretofore subject to the King of Morocco but has now a Prince of its own It is great and populous about fifty Miles from the Atlantick Ocean and three hundred from Morocco to the South Tasso Thassos Thalassia Chryse an Island of the Archipelago one League distant from the Continent of Romania in the Morea and about seven or eight in Circumference divided betwixt Plains and Mountains which afford good Wine and Marble The Phoenicians anciently planted a Colony here
have found their Ruins in the Wars of this Kingdom so the other is choaked up The Corporation retains the Honour of the Election of two Members to represent it in Parliament Warmerlandt Warmia a Province of Prussia called by the Inhabitants Ermelandt Bounded almost every way by the Ducal Prussia the Capital of it is Heilsbergh in which the Bishop of this Province resides which stands 8 German Miles from Regensperg to the South Warminster a Market Town in Wiltshire the Capital of its Hundred seated at the Spring of the River Willybourn or Willy and heretofore of very great note being the antient Verlucio Warrington Khigodunum a Town in Lancashire in the Borders of Cheshire upon the River Mersey over which it hath a fair stone Bridg leading into the last mentioned County in the Hundred of Darby Here the Scotch Army under Duke Hamilton was defeated by the Parliamentarians in the year 1648. Warsaw VVarsovia the Capital City of the Kingdom of Poland called by the Poles VVarswa by the Germans Warschaw by the French Varsovie It is the chief City of Mazovia upon the Vistula Twenty four Miles from Lenczycze or Lanschet thirty three from Gnesna and fifty from Lemburg Taken by the Swedes in the year 1665. after a great Victory the year following the Poles retook it and it is now under its own Prince A great and populous City being as it were near the Centre of that Kingdom has enjoyed the Residence of their Kings and the Courts of Justice ever since the Reign of Sigismond III. who built here a Royal Palace for his Successors There has also been added a great pile of Buildings now called the New City Long. 43. 20. Lat. 52. 25. Warte Varta a River of Poland which arising out of the Lesser Poland and entring the Greater washeth Siracks and Posnan and taking in the Obra the Notesik and the Prosna beneath Landsperg in the Marquisate of Brandenburg falls into the Oder near Custrin Warwick Varvicum Praesidium Verovicum the Shire-Town of the County of Warwick is seated on the West-side of the River Avon over which it has a Stone Bridge in the middle of the County Called by the Welsh Caer Guarvic and Caer Leon by the Romans Praesidium which signifies the same thing with the Brittish Name It stands upon a steep and craggy Rock mounted on high not easily approached hath two Parish Churches a handsom Market-House of Freestone an indowed Hospital the Assizes and Sessions for the County are kept at it and it was fortified with Walls and Ditches and towards the South-VVest it had a strong Castle Ethelsled a Mercian Queen rebuilt it in the year 911. In the year 1076 Henry de Newburg was created Earl of Warwick by William the Conqueror This Family lasted five Descents and in the year 1242 John Marshal was the seventh Earl in the Right of Margery Sister and Heir of Thomas the last Earl John de Placetis her second Husband was the eighth in 1243 William Maudit the ninth in 1263. William Beauchamp Son of Isabel Sister and Heir of William Maudit in 1268. This Family continued five Descents amongst which Henry Beauchamp the Favourite of King Henry VI who crowned him King of the Isle of VVight received this Place with the advanced Title of Duke which vanished after him And in the year 1449 Richard Nevil who married Anne Sister of Henry Beauchamp the former Earl and Duke of VVarwick succeeded in the Title of Earl In 1471 George Duke of Clarence Brother to Edward IV by the Marriage of Anne Daughter of Richard Nevil was the eighteenth succeeded by Edward Plantagenet his Son in 1471. In 1547 John Dudley and in 1562 Ambrose his Son descended from the Lady Margaret Daughter of Richard Beauchamp Earl of VVarwick In 1618 Robert Lord Rich of Leeze was created the twenty second Earl of VVarwick by James I. Charles great Grandson to Robert died without Issue whereupon Robert Rich Earl of Holland his Cousin Germain succeeded in the Earldom of VVarwick and left both the Titles of Warwick and Holland united to Edward the present Earl the twenty seventh and the sixth of this Family Warwick returns two Parliament Men and stands in the Hundred of Kington Warwickshire Varvicensis Comitatus is bounded on the North by Staffordshire on the East by Leicester and Northamptonshires on the South by Oxford and Gloucester and on the VVest by the County of Worcester In length from North to South thirty three Miles in breadth twenty five the whole Circumference one hundred and thirty five containing one hundred and fifty eight Parishes and fifteen Market Towns As it is seated well near in the heart of England so the Air and Soil are of the best the River Avon divides it in the middle VVhat lies South of that River is divided between fruitful Corn-Fields and lovely Meadows which from Edg-hill present the Viewer with a Plain equal to that of Jordan That which lies North is VVood Land The Cornavii were the old the Mercians the later Masters of this County There have been three great Battels sought in it One in the year 749 wherein Cuthred King of the West Saxons slew Ethelbald King of the Mercians at Seckington near Tamworth The second in the year 1468 at Edgcote in which the then Earl of Warwick defeated Edward IV and took him Prisoner The third in the year 1642 at Edg-hill in which Charles I overthrew the Parliament Forces under the Earl of Essex The Principal Town in this Shire is Coventry Wasgow Vasgovia Vogesus Tractus a Tract in Lorrain called by the French Le Pais de Vauge which takes its Name from a Mountain It lies between the Dukedoms of Lorain and Bipont and the Palatinate of the Rhine and it is a part of Germany Wash A Stream in the County of Rutland Wassi or Vassi Vasseum a Town in the Lower Champagne in France upon the Marn in the Diocess of Chalons well situated in a fruitful Soil A Rencounter betwixt the Duke of Guise and the Huguenots at this Town in the Reign of Charles IX gave an occasion to the ensuing Civil VVais of Religion in this Kingdom Watchet a Market Town in Somersetshire in the Hundred of Williton by the Sea-side Waterford Vaterfordia Mapiana a Town and County in the Province of Munster on the South of Ireland The Town is called by the Irish Phurtlairge The Capital of its County and next Dublin the greatest place in that Kingdom having a very large and safe Haven under the Protection of a strong Fort called Duncannon Fort and conveniently seated for a Trade with any part of the World Built by the Norwegians in a bad Air and a barren Soil at the Mouth of the River Shour Ever since it came into the hands of the English it has continued very loyal to this Crown and has on that score obtained many signal Privileges from it In the year 1649 they forced Oliver Cromwel to draw off when he was Master of