Selected quad for the lemma: kingdom_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
kingdom_n	castille_n	king_n	portugal_n	2,670	5	10.5073	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A91185	The fourth part of The soveraigne povver of parliaments and kingdomes. Wherein the Parliaments right and interest in ordering the militia, forts, ships, magazins, and great offices of the realme, is manifested by some fresh records in way of supplement: the two Houses imposition of moderate taxes and contributions on the people in cases of extremity, without the Kings assent, (when wilfully denyed) for the necessary defence and preservation of the kingdome; and their imprisoning, confining of malignant dangerous persons in times of publicke danger, for the common safety; are vindicated from all calumnies, and proved just. Together with an appendix; manifesting by sundry histories and foraine authorities, that in the ancient kingdome of Rome; the Roman, Greeke, German empires; ... the supreame soveraigne power resided not in the emperours, or kings themselves, but in the whole kingdome, senate, parliament, state, people ... / By William Prynne, utter-barrester, of Lincolnes Inne. It is this tenth day of July, ordered ... that this booke .... be printed by Michael Sparke senior. John White.; Soveraigne power of parliaments and kingdomes. Part 4	Prynne, William, 1600-1669.; England and Wales. Parliament. House of Comomns.	1643 (1643)	Wing P3962; Thomason E248_4; ESTC R203192	339,674	255

was named Flaevius Calvus the other Nunius surnamed de Rasura whose Son Gondesalvus after his Fathers death was substituted in his place made Generall of the Militia Principatum Militiae addiderunt and his son after him tam à Magnatibus Militibus quàm AB VNIVERS IS POPVLIS CASTELANIS made Earle of Castile and all submitted themselves to his government rejecting the Dominion both of Ordogno and his brother King Froila after him for their tyranny and trechery Alphonso the great King of Gallecia about the yeere of Christ 918. imprisoning his eldest sonne Garsias laying him in irons and exercising other cruelties was by the practise of his owne Queen Semena and his other sonnes and Nobles so prosecuted and put to such streights that they enforced him to resign his Crown to his sonne Garcias and to deprive himselfe of his gouernment in the presence of his sons and the grandees of his Realm after which he requested his sonne to raise and grant him an Army to goe against the Sarazens who condescending thereto hee gained a glorious Victory ouer them and so dyed Alphonso sonne of Ordogno King of Castile after 5. yeers reigne out of levity rather then Religion resigned his Crown to Ramire his younger Brother and then turnd Monk about the yeer 939. but not long after casting off his Coul leaving his Monastery he began to raise forces and to aspire to the Crown again which he had resigned wherupon Ramir raised an Army against him and after 2. yeers waries took him prisoner put out his eyes and thrust him into a Monastery Iohn the first the 35 King of Castile after the death of Ferdinand King of Portugall claimed that kingdome in right of Eleanor his wife and next Heire but the Portugals elected Iohn a bestard a Knight of the blood Royall for their King and excluded Eleanor Henry the 4. the 38. King of Castile having no children lawfully begotten would have made Elizabeth his bastard daughter heire to the Crown but the Nobles would no wayes permit it and resisting him with all their might preferred his own sister Elizabeth to the Crown and married her to Ferdinand the 6. sonne to Iohn King of Arragon rejecting his spurious daughter And Frier Iohn de Teixera i● his Book of The Originall of the Kings of Portugall affirmes that the Kings of Portugall were usually ELECTED BY THE SVFFRAGES AND FREE CHOICE OF THE PEOPLE who had power to conferre the Kingdome on whom they pleased averring that Alfonso 1. 3. and 5. Iohn the 1. Emanuel and Antonio Kings of Portugall were thus elected Which though Duardus Nomus Leo a Portugois Lawyer denyes and seemes to refute yet he grants freely that the Parliament or Assembly of the Estates in Portugall have usually determined the Title Right and ordered the Succession of that Crown in the Cases of these Princes and determined of their Legitimate or spurious birthes That when the Kings of Portugall have dyed without Heires they have BY THE LAW OF ALL NATIONS freely elected whom they thought meetest for their King And that after the death of King Ferdinand they put by Iohn and Ferdinand the sonnes of King Peter begotten of Agnes de Castro his Concubine from the Crown because they were bastards and moreover enemies to the name and Realme of the Portugois entring with Henry and Peter Kings of Castile in an hostile manner with an Army into the Confines of Portugall wasting them every where and doing great dammages to and committing many murthers among their Citizens for which reason the States assembled at Coimbri resolved that although they were legitimate yet THEY COVLD NOT OBTAIN THE SVCESSION OF THAT KINGDOME quod se hostes alienos a Portugalia declarassent because THEY HAD THVS DECLARED THEMSELVES ENEMIES AND ALIENS TO PORTVGALL And therefore beleeving the Kingdome to be void for want of a right heire to succeed in which case BY THE LAW OF ALL NATIONS THEY MIGHT LAWFVLLY ELECT THEM WHAT KING THEY PLEASED they chose Iohn the Bastard King After which he shewes that Philip the 2. his Title to the Crown was long debated by and resolved in the Assembly of the States of Portugall in the life of king Henry who summoned all the Pretenders to the Crown to come and declare their Titles to it in a Parliament held at Almierin upon the Petition of the Senate and People who earnestly pressed him that the Title of the crown might be setled and discided during his life to prevent division and civill warres after his death By which it is apparent that the Assembly of the Estates of Portugall is the most Soveraign power and above their kings themselves It is clear that the Gothish kings which reigned in Spain were not hereditary but elective yea censurable excommunicable and desposable by them for their Male-administrations The Generall History of Spaine is expresse that among the Goths they did not reigne by right and succession from Father to Sonne but those were chosen Kings among them which were held worthy which election was made by the Nobility and People and if any one did affect that dignity by any other unlawfull meanes he was excommunicated and rejected from the company of christians as appeares by the 5. Councell of Toledo Thus Vallia the 1. king of the Goths An. 418. Agila the 11. king An. 546. Luiba the 13. king An. 565. Gundamir the 18. king An. 610. Suintilla the 20. king An 621. Tulca the 23. king An. 642. Bamba the 26. king of Goths an 672. to omit others were elected by the Nobles and people though now and then the Crown went by succession through usurpation rather then right Theodiscle the tenth king of the Goths in Spaine giving himself to lusts and adulteries polluted great and honest families corrupted Nobles wives and committed many murthers whereupon the chiefe of the Goths conspiring against him strangled him at Sevill ●●oting in his banquets and elected Agila for their king So Victrix the 17. king of the Goths a vitious base unworthy Prince was miserably slain by his own people for his vitiousnesse as he sate at Table Suintilla the 20. king of the Goths in the beginning was a good Prince but in the end he grew exceeding covetous and cruell wherefore the Goths made him resign his Kingdome about the yeare 630. and deprived him of the crowne he was likewise excommunicated by the Bishops whose power at that time began to equall that of Kings at the Councell of Toledo which interdicted him with Geilands brother their wives and children the communion and fellowship of the Church and the possession of their goods gotten by violence and tyrannicall meanes and Sisenand his adversary with the consent of the people obtained the Kingdom The 6. Councel of Toledo under Cinthilla the 22. king of Goths about the yeare 686. decreed and by a perpetuall law imposed on the Kings of Spain not to suffer any one to live

people whereto the Nobilitie as well as the rest should contribute imposing 5. Maravidis of gold for every person but it took no effect for all the Gentlemen of Castile being discontented that he sought to infringe their Liberties fell to armes and being led by the Earle Don Pedro de Lara they were resolved to resist this tax and defend their Liberties with the hazzard of their live● Whereupon Alphonso changed his opinion and let them understand that from thenceforth he would maintain their immunities and that whatsoever he had then propounded was not to continue but only to supply the present necessity of affaires which he would seek to furnish by some other meanes For the great resolution which Don Pedro de Lara shewed in this action the Nobility of Castile did grant to him and his successours a solemn breakfast in testimony of his good endeavour in a businesse of so great consequence and thereby the Lords of Lara have the first voyce for the Nobility in the Court of Castile z An. 1204. King Alphonso the Noble called a Parliament of the Lords Prelates and Deputies of the Townes of his Realm at Toledo to advise and assist him in his warrs against the Moores where they concluded to crave ayd from all Christian Princes and a Crossado from the Pope against the Moores and made divers Lawes to restrain the supersluities of the Realm in feasts apparell and other things Iames the 8. King of Arragon being young at the time of his Fathers death it was thereupon after ordained in the assemblies of the Estates of Mencon and Lirida that Don Sancho Earl of Roussilon should govern the Realm during the Kings minority but they gave him limitation The Kings person they recommended to Frier William of Moncedon Mr. of the Templers After which An. 1220. this yong kings Vncles seeking to wrest the Realme from him instead of governing it by the fidelity of the Estates and their authority his interest was preserved and three Governours with a superintendent of his Provinces were appointed by them and to prevent the continuall practises of the Earles of Roussillon and Fernand the kings Uncles the states and justice of Arragon declared the King of full age when he was but ten yeeres old and caused the Earle of Roussillon to quit the Regencie the authority of the justice of Arragon being then great for the defence of the publike liberty An. 1214. Alphonso the Noble king of Castile dying his sonne Henry being but 11. yeer old the Prelates Nobles and Commons assembled at Burgon having declared him king and taken the oath made Queen Eleonora his Mother Governesse of his Person and Realms after whose death the custody of him was committed to the hands of the Lords of Lara This king afterwards playing with other yong children of Noble Houses at Palenca in the Bishops Palace one of them cast a tyle from the top of a Tower which falling on the covering of an house beat down another tyle which fell on the young kings head wherewith he was so grievously hurt that hee dyed the eleventh day after An. 1217. yet this his casuall death for ought I finde was neither reputed Felony nor Treason in the child that was the cause of it After whose death Fernand the 3. was proclaimed and made King by the States of Castile to prevent the pretentions of the French after which his Mother Queen Berenguela in the presence of the Estates renouncing all her right to the Crown resigned it up to her sonne Fernand About this time the Moores in Spain rejected the Miraluminis of Africk and created them severall Kings and Kingdomes in Spain being never more united under one Crown after this division which they thought it lawfull for them to make An. 1228. the Estates of Arragon assembling at Barcelona they consenting and requiring it according to the custome of the Arragonians and Cattelans these Estates having authority to make Warre and Peace and Leagues a warre was resolved against the King of the Moores and Majorkins Anno 1231. the Realm of Navarre being very ill governed by reason their King Sancho retired to his chamber did not speak with any man but his Houshold servants and would not heare of any publike affaires thereupon the State began to think of electing a Regent to govern the Realm during his retirednesse to prevent which Sancho made an unjust accord with the king of Navarre and confederated with Iames King of Arragon by the assents of the states of the Realm to leave his Kingdome to him if he survived him yet after his death Thibault Earle of Champaigne was by the states of Navarre elected and proclaimed King And anno 1236. The Estates of Arragon and Cateloigne assembled at Moncon for the continuance of the warre with the Moores and conquest of Valentia without whom it was not lawfull for the King to undertake any matter of importance For maintenance of this warre a custome called Marebetine and an exaction of impost for cattell was by the Estates imposed on the People it was likewise decreed that all peeces of Gold and silver coyned should be of one goodnesse and weight to the observation of which Edict for coynes all were bound to sweare that were above 18. yeers of age Anno 1236. Iames King of Arragon revealing to his Confessor the Bishop of Girone that before his marriage with Queen Yolant he had passed a matrimonial promise to Theresa of Bidame she sued him thereupon before the Pope who gave sentence against her for want of sufficient witnesse notwithstanding his Confessors testimony The King hereupon grew so angry with the Bishop for revealing his secrets that sending for him to his chamber he caused his tongue to be cut out For which out-rage committed on the Bishop though faulty the Pope in the Councell of Lions complained and in the end interdicted all the Realme of Arragon and excommunicated the king Hereupon to take off this interdiction and excommunication the king sent the Bishop of Valentia with his excuse and humiliation to the Pope wherewith he being somewhat pacified sent two Legates into Arragon who having assembled a Synod of Bishops at Lerida they caused the King to come thither and to confesse his fault upon his knees before these fathers with great submission and teares who gave him absolution upon condition he should cause the Monastery of Boneface to be built and endowed with an hundred and forty pounds of silver of annuall rent endow an Hospitall for the poore with foure hundred pounds silver per annum and give a Prebendary in the great Church of Girone for the maintenance of a Masse-priest About which time the Moors in Spain erected many new Kings and Kingdoms by mutuall consent and Mahumad Aben Alamar for his valour was by the Inhabitants of Mariona elected and made first King of Granado Anno 1243. all was in combustion in Portugall by the negligence and basenesse of their king Don Sancho

in Parliament out of Parliament His imposing of Taxes and Contributions in all Countries where His Forces are beyond mens estates and annuall revenues His burning sacking pillaging murdering ruining of His own Kingdom Subjects both by Sea and Land and putting them out of His regall Protection His raising of an Army of English Irish Scottish French and Germane Papists to maintain and settle the Protestant Religion among us which they have plotted totally to extirpat● as appears by their proceedings in Ireland England and the late plot discovered among the Archbishops Papers and the like are warranted which questions I doubt would put them to a non-plus and silence them for eternitie yet to satisfie their importunitie and stop their clamorous mouthes I shall furnish them in brief with some Presidents in point in all States and Kingdoms of note in former in latter times and in our own Realm too In all the civill warres between Kings and Subjects in the Romane and Germane Empires France Spain Aragon Castile Hungary Bohemia Poland Denmark Scotland and other Kingdoms mentioned in the Appendix They shall finde that the generall Assemblies of these States Lords Commons without their Emperors or Kings assents did both raise Forces impose Taxes yea and seise on the Imperiall and Royall Revenues of the Crown to support their wars against their Tyrannicall oppressing Princes In Flaunders heretofore and the Low-Countries of late yeers th●y have constantly done the like as their Excises long since imposed and yet on foot by common consent without the King of Spains good liking to preserve their Liberties Religion Estates from the Spanish Tyranny witnesse which every one willingly at the very first imposition and ever since hath read●ly submitted to being for the publike preservation The like hath been done in former ages and within these five yeers in the Realm of Scotland the same is now practised even without a Parliament by the Popish Rebels both in Ireland and England who have laid Taxes upon all Ireland and all the Romanists in England for the maintenance of this present Rebellion and yet neither King nor his Counsell nor Royallists nor Malignants for ought I can read or hear have ever so much as once written or spoken one syllable against it when as many large Declaration Proclamations Inhibitions in His Majesties Name and at least fortie severall Pamphlets have been published by Malignants against this Assessement of the Parliament and the Levying or paying thereof strictly prohibited under pain of high Treason such a grand difference is there now put by the Royall Court-partie to the amazement of all intelligent men between the Irish Rebels now the Kings best Subjects as it seems who may do what they please without censure or restraint and the English now un-Parliamented Parliament though perpetuated by an Act of Parliament who may do nothing for their own or the Kingdoms safety but it must be high Treason at the least O temporâ ô mores Quis 〈◊〉 fando temp ret a lachrymis Adde to this That the Lords Justices and Councell in Ireland the twenty nine of June 1643. have without authoritie of Parliament or King for their present necessary defence against the Popish Rebels there imposed an Excise upon most commodities in that Realm here lately Printed which no man can deem Illegall in this case of absolute necessitie But to come close home unto our selves who is there that knows ought in historie and policie but must needs acknowledge That the Brittains and Saxons warres of this Realm against their oppressing Kings Archigallo Emerian Vortigerne Sigeb●rt Osred Ethelred Beornard Leowulfe Edwine whom they deposed for their Tyranny and mis-Government That our Barons long-lasting bloody warres against King John Henry the third Edward the second Richard the second and others fore-mentioned were maintained by publike Assessements and Contributions made by common consent even without a Parliament and with the Revenues and Rents of the very Crown which they seised on as well as the Castles and Forts This being a true rule in Law Qui sentit commodum sentire debet onus All the Kingdom had the benefit of regaining preserving establishing their Fundamentall Charters Laws Liberties by those warres therefore they deemed it just that all should bear a share in the charge and burthen by voluntary Assessements without King or Parliament During the absence of King Edward the third in France The Lords and Commons in Parliament for the defence of the Realm by Sea and Land against forraign Enemies granted an ayde of the ninth Sheaf Lamb and Fleece besides many thousand Sacks of Wooll and the ninth part of other mens Estates in Towns and Corporations and disposed both of the Money and Militia of the Realm for its defence as you heard before The like did they during the Minorities of King Henry the third King Richard the second and King Henry the sixth as the premises evidence without those Kings personall assents Anno Dom. 1259. Richard King of Romans coming with a great Navy and Army of Germans and forraigners to ayd his Brother King Henry the third against the Barons thereupon the Barons sent out a fleet to encounter them by Sea and prepared a strong Army of Horse and Foot by Land that if they prevailed against them at Sea which they feared not yet they might valiantly and constantly entertain and repulse them on the shore and dry Land which the King of Romans being informed off disbanded his forces and came over privately with three Knights onely attending him This was done without the Kings assent and yet at publike charge When King Richard the first was tak●n particular by the Emperour in his return from the holy Land by Authority of the Kings Mother and the Kings Justices alone without a Parliament it was decreed that the fourth part of all that yeers Rents and of all the moveables as well of the Clergy as of the Laity and all the Woolles of the Abbots of the Order of the Cistersians and of Semphringham and all the Gold and Silver Chalices and Treasure of all Churches should be paid in toward the freeing and ransome of the King which was done accordingly If such a taxe might be imposed by the Queen Mother and Justices onely without a Parliament for ransoming the King alone from imprisonment may not a taxe of the twentieth part onely of mens estates be much more justly imposed on the Subjects by an Ordinance of both Houses in Parliament without the King for the defence and perservation both of the Parliament and Kingdom to when hostily invaded by the King In few words the King and his Councell yea his very Commanders without his speciall Commission or advice have in many Countries imposed large monethly weekly Contributions and Assessements on the People beyond their abilities and estates yea upon the very Speaker and Members of the Commons and Lords House notwithstanding their Priviledges of Parliament which they say

their consents who shall be the next Heir to avoid questions and commotions about the Title to the Crown That where the Right of the Crown is in controversie the whole Kingdom and State ought to decide the right and settle it where they see best cause That if the right Heir in Hereditary Kingdoms yea in Spain be an Ideot Infant Woman or a person unmeet or not so fit to Govern● as others of the blood he may be lawfully put from the Crown and another of their Race lawfully substituted King in his place by the whole State especially when the good or safetie of the Commonwealth requires it because the safety of the people is the supremost Law and what they by common consent have Enacted onely for the publike safetie they may without any obstacle alter when things require it by like common consent especially because the hereditary Rights of reigning are for the most part made rather by the dissimulation of the People not daring to resist the will of former Princes then by their certain will and the free consent of all the Estates That he which is thus settled by consent of all the Estates hath a just Title against the next Heir of the Blood and his Issue who are put by the Crown else divers Kings and Princes now reigning in Spain elswhere should be usurpers and want good Titles to their crownes they or their Ancestor● being not the next right heires of the Royall Stock for all which particulars he gives sundry instances in the Kingdomes of Spaine as in Berengaria Blanch the Mother of Lewes of France Ferdinand Sancho the younger sonne of Alfonso Henry the Bastard Iohn King of Portugall Fardinand and Iohn the 2. of Aragon c. concluding That if the King degenerate into a Tirant by subverting Religion Lawes Liberties oppressing murthering or deflowring his subjects the whole Kingdome may not onely question admonish and reprehend him but in case he prove incorrigible after admonition deprive him and substitute another in his place which saith he hath been done more then once in Spain Thus King Peter was publikely rejected for his cruelty to his subjects and Henry his Brother though of an unclean Mother obtained the Crowne so Henry his Nephewes Nephew for his slothfulnesse and evill manners was deposed by the Nobles suffrages and Alphanso his Brother though but a yong child proclaimed King After his death Elizabeth Henry his sister had the chiefe government of the Realme leaving Henry And for a conclusion he addes That such a Tyrannicall King continuing incorrigible after publike admonitions of the whole State if there be no hopes of amendment may not onely be deposed but put to death and murthered by the whole State or any particular persons by their appointment yea without it a note somewhat above Ela if he be declared a publike enemy by the whole state and in case the whole states cannot publikely assemble by reason of such a Princes knowne notorious tyranny he writes That then in such a case it is lawfull for any private man to murther him to free the Countrey and Kingdome from destruction Adding that it is a wholsome meditation for Princes to be perswaded that if they oppresse the Common-wealth if they become intoller able thorow vices and filthinesse that they live in such a condition that they may not onely be slaine of right but with laud and glory Peradventure this feare ●●●retard some Princes that they give not themselves wholly to be corrupted with vices flatterers and cast bridles upon their fury That which is the chiefe let the Prince bee perswaded that the authority of the whole Common-wealth is greater then his being but one neither let him beleeve the worst of men affirming the contrary for to gratifie him which is very pernicious All these positions of Mariana however other Kings and Kingdomes may relish them especially the last touching private Subjects which few can approve the Parliaments of France doing publike execution on this Book as they had just cause for extolling and justifying the barbaro●s murther of their King Henry the 3. by James Clement a Dominican Frier l. 1. c. 6. p. 51. to 57. and justifying the Guises Rebellion are yet authorized as Catholike and Orthodox by the most Catholike King of Spaine and the Emperour of Germany in whose Kingdomes they passe for currant coyne the most dangerous of them being seconded not onely by Hieronymus Blanca in his Aragonensium Rerum Commentariis Iohannis Pistorius Hispaniae Illustratae c. and other Spanish Historians collected by him but likewise by Alvarius Pelagius Cardinall Tolet Capistranus Dominicus Bannes Franciscus Victoria Simancha Patensis Gregory de Valentia Suarez the Doctors of Salamancha Becanus Bellarmine with other Spanish Iesuites Writers who most heretically affirme That even the Pope alone either with or without a Councell for heresie as they deem it and obstinacy against the See of Rome may excommunicate censure depose kill or murther any Christian Princes depose them from their thrones dispose of their Crownes to others at their pleasures absolve their subjects wholly from their allegeance and give subjects power to rise up in armes against and murther them by open force or secret treachery which Bishop Bilson truly affirmes to be farre more dangerous and derogatory to Princes then to attribute such a power not to any particular persons but to their own whole Kingdomes and Parliaments onely who being many in number of the same Nation and Religion with and having many dependances on and many engagements by oath duty favours benefits to their Princes lesse malice against them judging onely according to the fundamentall Lawes of the Realme and former presidents of their Ancestors and aiming at nothing but their Kingdomes safety are like to be more just indifferent Iudges of their Princes action when questioned then the Pope a meer enemy and forraigner who proceeds by no other authority but what he hath unjustly usurped from Kings and by no other rules but his owne will pride malice honour or profit I have thus given you an account of the Kings of Spaines subordination to their whole kingdomes and Lawes in point of Thesis and positive Doctorine approved by themselves professed by their eminentest Writers I shall now proceed to Historicall examples to confirme it in point of practise Ordogno the 14. king of Castile summoned 4. Earles of Castile to appeare before him who refused to goe to the warres against the Saracens promising them safe conduct not withstanding he commanded them to be apprehended imprisoned and slain for which bloody Treachery those of Castile rebelled against him rejecting his government and providing for the safety of them and theirs Duos Milites non de potentioribus sed de prudentioribus eligerunt quos Iudices statuerunt c. They elected two prudent Knights of their owne to be their Magistrates and Iudges to governe them to manage their warres and administer justice to them the one

Capello who was wholly given to his wives humours hated of the Portugales and himselfe disliked for her sake for many Malefactors and insolent persons were supported by her who grew daily more audacious in their excesse without feare of Iustice which was trodden under foot for their respect For these considerations and her barrennesse too all the Noblemen of the kingdome desired to have the Queen called Mencia separated and sent out of Portugall for effecting whereof they made a great instance at Rome but neither exhortation admonition nor commandment nor censure could prevaile the king so doting on her that he would not leave her Which the Portugals perceiving some of them presumed to seize on her in the City of Coimbra and conducted her into Gallicia from whence she never more returned into Portugall Not content herewith they sought to depose the King from his Royall dignity too for his ill government and to advance his Brother Don Alphonso to the Regall Throne in his place whom the Estates assembled made Regent of Portugall leaving only the Title of King to his brother which fact of the Estates the Pope in the Councell of Lions authorized by his Apostolicke power with which the King being displeased abandoned his Realme and retired into Castile Anno 1247. The Lawes and Customes of Arragon were reduced into writing by King Iames his appointment and compacted into one body having till that time been observed onely by tradition which Volume was coufirmed by the Estates held at Hu●f●a And the same yeere the King of Castile erected a kind of Chancery and standing Court of Parliament of 12. learned men which followed the Court. Anno 1254. Thibald the 2. king of Navarre being but 15. yeers old at the descent of the crown unto him was at 25. yeers of age declared of full age and crowned King in the great church of Pampelone where he did sweare TO PRESERVE AND AUGMENT THE PRIVILEDGES OF THE COVNTRY Afterwards he doing homage to the king of Castile for the Realme of Navarre as his predecessours had done before him and making such a peace with him as the prelates Knights and Commonalties of the Realme in the States had approved yet divers knights and the Inhabitants of the Borough of St. Iermin of Pampelone disallowed this homage this peace and would not subscribe to it as tending to the kings dishonour whereupon the king did punish them by fines but his choller being past some few dayes after considering they were good and faithfull subjects loving his honour and greatnesse and that they resisted his will out of true love and zeale which they owed to the Crowne and their Countrey hee caused their Fines to be restored Alphonso the 3. fifth King of Portugall putting away his first wife Mahault without cause after he had children by her and marrying Beatrix hereupon when by no intreaties of Friends or the Pope he would entertaine his first wife again he was excommunicated by the Pope and his Realme interdicted 10. or 12. yeers space continuing still obstinate till his first wife dyed after which he was absolved Anno 1260. and in some yeere following there were divers controversies concerning the Crown Lands and setling of Portions for the King of Arragons younger children moved and determined in the Assembly of the Estates of Arragon and the Nobility complaining that their King Iames did breake their priviledges made many Leagues and Factions This matter being debated in the Estates at Saragossa and then at Ex ea in the yeare 1265. for pacifying these troubles they enacted That no honours nor military fees should be given to any but to Gentlemen of race and born in the Countrey That no Gentleman should be subject to the tribute of Cattell nor to any other That in all controversies which the Nobility might have against the king or among themselves the Magistrate called the Iustice Major of Arragon should be Iudge being assisted by the Councell That the King should not give the fees and Military rewards allotted to them that doe him service as a recompence of their vertue and valour to any of his lawfull children who by right have their portions in the Realme Anno 1274. Iames King of Arragon comming to the Councell of Lions desirous there to be crowned by the hands of Pope Gregory a ceremony whereof he made great account the Pope refused him unlesse he would acknowledge himselfe vassall to the church of Rome and pay the arrerages of the rent which the deceased King Don Pedro his Father had promised the which King Iames would not doe holding it an unworthy thing so to debase the greatnesse of his Crowne and restraine the Liberty of his Realme in any sort And this yeare there were great and continuall Tumults in Arragon the Nobility opposing themselves against the King for composing which differencs the Estates of Arragon assembled in Parliament at Exea where king Iames tooke the government and managing of the affaires of the Realme from his sonne Don Pedro and diverse great Dons were there condemned of contumacy and their Lands confiscated by the Iustice Major of Arragon In this Assembly the Nobility pleaded the Priviledges of C●●teloyne That the Nobility might quit the Kings obedience in case of controversies and suites especially if there were question of their Liberties and to protest it publikely Anno 1265. Denis the infant King of Portugall desired his Grandfather Alphonso King of Castile to discharge the Realm of Portugall of the homage and vassallage it ought to the King of Leon who thinking it would be taken ill by the Noblemen his Subjects advised the infant to propound it in an open Assembly called to that end The opinion of Don Nugno de Lara was that by no meanes he should diminish the authority and greatnesse of his Crown which he should doe if he did quit this homage to the King of Portugall For which opinion the King growing angry with him the residue fearing the kings displeasure advised him to doe it Whereupon the Realme of Portugall was freed from all homage and subjection due to the Kings of Leon and Castile For which prodigality the other Nobles and D. Nugno were so much discontented that they made a League with the King of Granado against their own King for dismembring Portugall from the Crown of Leon to pacifie which differences the King used many mediations and at last called an Assembly of the Estates at Burgos the which was held without the Towne for the safety of these Confederates That great Astronomer Alphonso King of Castile who presumed to controule the Author of Nature saying That if he had been at the Creation of the world hee should in many things have been of another opinion and amended Gods workmanship was a most willfull indiscreet unfortunate Prince for his eldest sonne Fernand dying in his life time leaving Alphonso and other issue males behind him Don Sancho his second son resolved to dispossesse his

Nephews of the kingdom saying That it was fit that he who was a Knight and learned to govern a Realme were it in warre or peace should raigne after his Father rather then his Nephews sons of his eldest brother who were every young having need of Regents and Governours charges which were affected by great personages who by reason thereof grew into quarrels one with the other to the oppression of the people and hazzard of the Estate After which Don Lope Diaz of Haro pressed the King to declare Don Sancho his sonne his successour in the Realmes of Castile Toledo Leon and other places being his eldest sonne then living to which he giving a cold answer at first having afterwards assembled the Estates in Segobia he was by the King and the Estates consent declared and received as heire to the Crown after his Fathers decease Fernands children being disinherited of their right which fact was then excused and justified because there was no law at that time which did binde the King much lesse the Estates to leave the Realme more to one sonne then to another since which there was a law made and received in the time of Fernand the 5. in the City of Taro where it was decreed by the Estates upon this difficulty That the Children of the elder brother deceased representing their fathers person should in that respect be preferred before the Vncle Hereupon Queen Violant and Blanche widow to Fernand were so much discontented with the Decree of the Estates disinheriting the eldest brothers sonnes as taking the young children with them they departed out of Castile to Don Pedro King of Arragon where Don Sancho caused his Nephews to be imprisoned whom king Alphonso labouring under hand to get released Don Sancho advertised hereof made a league with the Moores of Granado against his Father and by assent of his confederates took upon him the Title of Regency of the Kingdome of Castile and other his Fathers dominions refusing the Title of King during his Fathers life time who was forced to pawn his royall Crown and Iewels to Iacob Abin Ioseph a Moore King of Morocco who aided him willingly against Don Sancho After which in an Assembly of the States at Cordova with the advise of the Noble men and knights of Castile thereupon sent by a Decree pronounced by the mouth of Don Manuel in the name of the whole Nobility Alphonso was deprived of all his Realmes for murthering his brother Don Frederick and burning Don Rues unjustly without any forme of justice or orderly proceedings the breach of the rights and priviledges of the Nobility and the excessive wasting of the treasure of the Realme Vpon this there arose bloody Warres between the Father and sonne and in the yeere 1282. Alphonso was so vexed with his sonnes proceedings that hee pronounced in the presence of many men of ranke both Clergie and Laity in the City of Sevill The curse of God and his upon Don Sancho a sonne said he disobedient rebellious and a par●cidie declaring him uncapable and unworthy to reign depriving him of his successions inheritance and discharging the subjects as much as in him lay from all oath and homage which they had done unto him But these were but words which Don Sancho did not much esteem enioying his Fathers kingdomes after his decease in Title as he did before in act and dying king of Castile his heires succeeded him in that Realme as lawfull heires thereunto Don Pedro the third king of Arragon about the yeare 1283. had many controversies with his Nobles and knights who complained much of his sower disposition and tyrannous manner of Government insulting over the greatest yea against his own blood contrary to all Law and nature Wherefore being ill intreated by him in their freedomes whereof the Townes and Commonalties of his Countries did also complain the Nobility Knights and Gentry for preservation of their Liberties made a Vnion together among themselves and with the people promising and swearing to let the King and his sonne Don Alphonso who was his Lieutenant Generall understand that if they did not contain themselves within the limits of the Lawes of the Country they would withdraw themselves from their obedience and declare themselves enemies and pursue them by armes that should seek to break them The king hereupon called the Estates to Tarrasone and afterwards to Saragossa where he intreated promised and did all what he could to break this Vnion but he was forced to yeeld and granted to the Arragonians the priviledge they call Generall whereby their Liberties which had been somewhat restrained were again restored the ancient manners of the Country and customes of their ancestours put in practise And moreover there were Laws made for their Kings which they should be bound to obey and for that they were in a mutiny in some places by reason of certain Impositions laid upon salt the traffique thereof was made free by the Estates And the king refusing the judgment of the Iustice Maior of Arragon deposing Pedro Martines Artassone who then exercised it from his Office the Estates soon after at an assembly at Zutaria fortified it with stronger Laws deeming the Iustice of Arragon to be a lawfull Iudge whom the King himself could not displace even in Cases commenced against the King who being cited and not appearing there were Decrees made against him in many instances In the end the King confirmed the Decrees of the Iustice Maior and whatsoever should be concluded by the Estates the Deputies and Councellors having given their suffrages I read in Hieronimus Blanca that about the year 1212. the Arragonians taking it ill that their Liberties gotten with their blood should so many wayes be subverted as then they were by King Pedro the first raised up the Name and forces of a Vnion that with one force and the consent of all one minde as it were being made out of all they might more easily propulse so great injuries but what was then done hereupon is not recorded But the two memorable Priviledges of the Vnion under King Alphonso the third are said to spring from thence Don Alphonso king of Aragon succeeding Pedro Anno 1286. he was admonished by the Estates Ambassadours to come speedily to the Assembly at Saragossa where having sworn and promised the observation of the Customs Rights and Priviledges of the Countrey and received the Oath of fealty from the Deputies he might lawfully take upon him the Title of the King of Aragon the which they said he might not use before this Act and Ceremony according to the ancient customs of Aragon Vpon these summons he came to the Assembly of the Estates to Saragossa took the Oath aforesaid after which he was Crowned Which done there grew in this assembly a great contention touching the reformation of the manners of Courtiers and the ordering of the Kings house the Noblemen and Deputies of the Estates of Aragon maintaining that the conusance thereof was incident

Coyning and High Treason Anno 1328. Alphonso King of Castile treacherously murthering Don Iohn the blinde his Kinsman in his own Court when he had invited him to dinner on all Saints day and then condemning him for a Traitor confiscating his lands a fact unseemly for a King who should be the mirrour of Iustice Hereupon Don Iohn Manuell stood upon his Guard fortified his Castles revolted from the King for this his Treachery allyed himself with the Kings of Arragon and Granado overran the Countries of Castile from Almanca unto Pegnafield the Prior of Saint Iohns Don Fernand Rodrigues hereupon caused the Cities of Toro Zamora and Vailledolit to rebell and shut their gates against the King and many others likewise revolted from him At last he was forced to call an Assembly of the Estates who gave him Subsidies to ayde him in his wars against the Moors and to conclude a peace with Don Manuel and his other discontented Subjects whom he afterwards spoiling of their lawfull inheritances and pursuing them in their honours and lives by Tyrannous crueltie extending his outragious disdain even to women of his own blood he thereby so estranged most of his Princes and Nobles from him that they revolted from him and joyned with Mahumet king of Granado and the Moors in a warre against him which lasted three or four yeers putting him to infinite trouble vexations and expences enforcing him to make a dishonourable peace with the Moors to release the Tribute which they payed him formerly and after much mediation he concluded a Peace thorowout all the Realm with his discontented Subjects This Prince thinking to raign more securely had taken a course of extream severity shewing himself cruell and treacherous to his Nobility whereby he was feared but withall he lost the love and respect of his subjects so as he was no sooner freed from one danger but he fell into another worse then the first his Nobles holding this for a Maxime That a Tyrant being offended will at some time revenge himself and therefore they must not trust him upon any reconciliation who to pacifie the troubles which had grown by his own errour had made no difficulty to sacrifice upon the peoples spleen his own Mignions degrading and in the end murthering condemning them as Traitors after their death yea the Princes of his own blood taking their goods estates and depriving the lawfull Heirs seeking to reign over free men and generous Spirits as over beasts entreating them as base and effeminate slaves who might not speak their opinions freely in matters of State and Government of which they were held dead members and without feeling Whereupon D. Manuel and other Nobles as men endued with understanding reason and not forgetting the nature of Alphonso who was proud a contemner of all laws and treacherous they proceeded so farre as to withdraw themselves from his subjection by protestation and publike act and entred into a league with the King of Portugall incensing him to take up Arms for their defence Where upon King Alphonso having some feeling that cruelty was too violent remedy for men that were Nobly borne he sought by all milde and courteous meanes to divide them and to draw some of them to his service which he effected and so more easily conquered and reduced their companions An. 1337. was founded the Town of Alegria of Dulanci in the Province of Alava and many Villages thereabout the which obtained from the King the priviledges and Lawes of the Realm whereby the inhabitants should govern themselves with libertie to chuse their own Iudges Don Pedro the first king of Castile surnamed the cruell most tyrannically murthering and poysoning divers of his Nobles and subjects without cause banishing others quitting Blanch his espoused wife within three dayes after his marriage to enjoy the unchaste love of Donna Maria de Paedilla by whom hee was inchanted which much troubled the whole Court divorcing himselfe without colour by the advice onely of two Bishops without the Popes assent from Blanch and marrying Jane of Castro in her life time Hanging up divers Burgesses of Toledo causlesly for taking the Queens part too openly and among others a Goldsmiths sonne who offred to be hanged to save his fathers life causing his own brother Don Frederick and divers Nobles else to be suddenly slain Anno 1358. poysoning and murdering likewise divers Noble Ladies among others Don Leonora his own Aunt after which Anno 1360 he murthering two more of his own brethren executing divers Clergy men and Knights of Castle banishing the Archbishop of Toledo putting divers Jews as Samuel Levy his High Treasurer with his whole family to death to gain their Estates and causing his own Queen Blanch to be poysoned after she had long been kept prisoner by him Anno 1361. Hereupon his cruelties rapines and murders growing excessive and the Popes Legat denouncing him an utter Enemy to God and man Henry Earle of Transtamara his brother with other Fugitives getting ayde from the King of Navarre entred Castile with an Army where by the Nobles importunity he tooke upon him the title of King of Castile and Leon which done the whole Kingdom long oppressed with D. Pedro his Tyranny immediately revolted from him so that in few dayes Henry found himselfe King of a mighty great kingdom almost without striking stroke the people striving who should first receive him such was their hatred to the Tyrant Pedro who being doubtfull what to doe fled with two and twenty Ships out of his Realme to Bayon craving ayde of the English to revest him in his Kingdom mean time king Henry assembling the Estates at Burgon they granted him the tenth penny of all the Merchandize they should sell in the Realm to maintaine the warres against Pedro who getting ayde from the English upon conditions accompanied with the valiant Black Prince of Wales entred with a great Army into Spain where the Prince writing to Henry voluntarily to resign the Crown to Pedro his Brother to avoyd the effusion of Christian blood he made answer That he could not hearken to any accord with him who had against the law of nature taken delight to murther so many of the blood Royall and other great personages of Castile who had no respect of the Lawes of the Countrey and much lesse of God falsifying his Oathes and promises having no other rule in his actions but his Tyrannous passions Whereupon battell being joyned Henry was conquered and Pedro restored But hee discontenting the English and others who had reseated him in his Kingdome by his insolency and Tyranny and the Biscaniers refusing to be under the command of strangers whom they would never consent to be put in possession of their Countrey and withall falling to his former cruelties and courses contrary to the advice of his friends and Astrologers he so estranged the hearts of all from him that the English returning and Henry receiving new forces from the French entred Castile

suddenly and conquered the Tyrant who being betrayed into King Henry his hands as hee was taking his flight by night King Henry stabbed him with dagger in the face and at last getting him under him slew him with his dagger for his excesse and tyranny Anno 1368. and raigned quietly in his steed I might prosecute and draw down the Histories of all the Spanish Kings and Kingdomes from his dayes till this present which are full fraught with presidents of this nature to prove all the Kings of Spaine inferiour to their Kingdomes Assemblies of the Estates Lawes resistible deprivable for their Tyrannyes but because those who desire satisfaction in this kinde may read the Histories themselves more largely in the generall History of Spain in Joannis Pistorius his Hispaniae Illustratae where all their chiefe Historians are collected into severall volumnes and in Meteranus and Grimstons Histories of the Netherlands I shall for brevity sake pretermit them altogether concluding with one or two briefe observations more touching the Gothish and Arragonian Kings in Spaine which will give great light and confirmation to the premises First for the Antient Kings of the Gothes in Spain Aimoinius and Hugo Grotius out of him confesse that they received the Kingdom from the people revocable by them at any time and that the people might depose them as often as they displeased them and therefore their acts might be rescinded and nulled by the people who gave them only a revocable power which the premised Histories experimentally evidence such likewise were the Kings of the Vandales removable at the peoples pleasure as Procopius writes such the Kings of the Heruli Quadi Iazyges Lombardes Burgundians Moldavians Africans the l Moores in Spaine the two annuall Kings of Carthage the antient Germane Kings the Kings of Sparta and most other Kings of Greece as Historians and Authors of best credite relate Secondly for the Kings of Arragon and originall constitution of the Kingdom I find this memorable passage in Hieronymus Blanca his Rerum Arragonensium Commentarius pag. 586. 587. 590. 72● 724. in the third Tom of Ioannis Pistorius his Hispaniae illustratae Sancho the fourth King of Arragon dying without issue the Estates and people advising together what course they should take for their security and future good administration of the Common-weale about the year of our Lord 842. elected twelve principall men to whom they committed the care and government of the Republike during the Inter-regnum These because they were very ancient men were called Elders from whence those who by birth are stiled Rici-men drew their originall And this manner of governing the Common-wealth continued long But the great incursions of the Arabians pressing them they imagined it would not continue firme and stable Yet notwithstanding taken with the sweetnesse of Liberty they feared to subject themselves to the Empire of one man because verily they beleeved that servitude would proceed from thence Therefore having considered and rightly pondered all things and reasons they made this the result of all their Counsels that they should consult with Pope Adrian the second and the Lombards what course they should take by their advise which should be most meet for the perpetuating of the Empire to whom as reports goe they returned this answer That preordaining certaine Rights and Lawes ratified with the previous religion of a cautionary oath they should set up one King over them but yet should reject a forraign Dominion and that they should take heed that he whom they adopted to be King should be neither of the superiours nor inferiours lest if superiour he should oppresse inferiours or lest if inferiour hee should be derided by superiours To which counsell and sentence they submitting founded that ancient Suprarbian Court For according to the answer given all decreed That they ought to elect one man excelling in vertue for their King But yet lest the pleasure of Kings like as in other Princes should likewise even among us become Lawes they first of all enacted some Lawes by which they might heale this inconvenience These Lawes they afterward called the Suprarbian Court which we should largely prosecute but through the injury of time the knowledge of them is buried and some fragments of them only are extant observed by Prince Charles himselfe and some other Writers which we shall verily remember because they are as the first elements of our Republike and containe in them the institution of the Magistrate of the Iustice of Arragon which is the chiefe thing of our institution therefore in the beginning of that Court it was provided that the King which should be since the Kingdom lately taken from the Moores was freely and voluntarily conferred on him should be bound both by the Religion of an Oath as likewise by the force and power of Lawes to observe the Lawes and Liberties of the Kingdom Now the Lawes were these Governe thou the Kingdome in peace and righteousnesse and give us better Courts of justice The things which shall bee gained from the Moores let them be devided not only between the Rich-men but likewise between the souldiers and infantry but let a stranger receive nothing from thence Let it bee unlawfull or a wicked act for the King to enact Lawes unlesse it be by the advice of his Subjects first given Let the King beware that he begin no Warre that he enter into no Peace conclude no Truce or handle any other thing of great moment without the concurring assent of the Elders Now lest that our Lawes or Liberties should suffer any detriment Let there be a certain middle Judge at hand to whom it may be lawfull to appeal from the King if he shall wrong any one and who may repell injuries if peradventure he shall offer any to the Common-weale With these Lawes therefore and sanctions those our Ancestors confirmed the enterprise of new moulding and reforming the Common-wealth But verily this was the chiefest garison for to retaine their liberty whereby they ordained the Presidentship of a middle Iudge placing the power in such sort in the King that the temperating of it should be in the middle Iudge out of which things the moderate and musicall state of the Common-weale which we enjoy is moulded and made up For from the very beginning of things even to these later times wee see by force of this intermediate Magistrate and by the goodnesse and clemency of most peaceable Kings that both our pristine liberty and ancient Priviledge hath been alwayes retained and due loyalty and reverence to the Kings Majesty observed Neither hath the Kingdome onely emplored the help of this Magistrate against Kings but the Kings themselves oft-times against the Kingdome by which meanes many intestine evils have been appeased without any tumult which unlesse they had been civilly suppressed seemed verily to have been likely to have broken out to the common destruction of all men so as we may rightly

imputed to the Co-gardians unlesse where they ought and are able they suspect and likewise take care to remove him to wit when he communicates not the administration with them if he doe not faithfully manage the tutelage or care if he admits fraud if he doth any thing sordidly or perniciously to the Pupill if he intercept any of the Pupils goods if he become an enemy to the Pupill finally if he be over rude sloathfull unskilfull c. So even the Nobles shall be held guilty of the Princes deed unlesse they remove or prevent his tyranny or supply his sloathfulnesse with their vigilance and diligence Finally as oft as the Gardian doth not doe in the name of the Pupill that which any fit Master of a family would doe he may not seeme to be defended but that he may be the better defended his Co-gardians are bound to foresee So much more justly if the Prince doth not act the housholder but the Enemy the Nobles may and ought to act against him since they are bound by his deed no lesse then by their owne Moreover the Nobles may consider that the King in governing the Republike holds the first part but they the second third and every one in his place Therefore if he doth his part ill they may not follow him if he destroy the Republike they may not connive for it is committed to them as well as to him and in such sort truly that not onely they themselves ought rightly to execute their office by themselves but to containe the Prince within the bounds of his office Finally as the King promiseth that he will take care of the benefit of the Commonweale so also doe they Therefore if he breakes his oath they may not thinke that they are absolved from theirs no more then Bishops if the Pope should defend heresie or destroy the Church yea they should thinke themselves so much the more obliged to performe their oathes by how much the more he shall violate his Therefore if they collude they are reputed in the number of prevaricators if they connive of desertors and TRAITORS if they vindicate not the Republike from the tyranny of tyrants as finally they become Patrons Defenders little Kings if they by all meanes protect and defend the Republike which they have undertaken to protect These things though they are sufficiently firme of themselves yet they may be demonstrated by examples The Canaanitish Kings who oppressed the people of Israel with hard servitude as well corporall as spirituall interdicting them both commerce and armes were true tyrants I say in practice yet not without a title for Eglon and Jabin reigned quietly almost twenty years Now God extraordinarily stirred up Ehud who slew Eglon craftily and Debora who routed the army of Jabin and by that meanes freed the people from tyranny This was not verily because it was lesse lawfull to the ordinary Magistrates and Princes of the Tribes and the rest to doe it but Debora rather objecteth their sloathfulnesse and carelesnesse to them and curseth some of them for this cause But truly God pittying his people extraordinarily supplyed the negligence of ordinary officers Rehoboam the sonne of Solomon refuseth to ease the people of unnecessary Tributes being intreated to doe it in a generall Assembly of all the people he groweth insolent and assisted with the counsell of flatterers even arrogantly threatens more grievous burdens No man doubts but that according to the covenant first made betweene the King and people the Nobles might have restrained this pride But the sinne was in this that they did by secession which was to be done in the Assembly and did a just and lawfull thing unjustly Frequent examples of this thing occurre in other Kingdomes he instanceth in Tarquin the proud expelled by Brutus and Lucretius who confiscated his goods and would have publikely sentenced himselfe had they apprehended his person because he consulted not with the Senate as former Kings usually did because he made warre peace and truces at his pleasure without the Senates and peoples advice violated the Lawes which he should observe and neglected the covenant established betweene the King and people in Nero the Emperour publikely sentenced by the Senate Vitellius Maximinus and the speech of Trajan forecited Likewise the French by authority of a publike Councell through the care of the Kingdomes officers expelled Childericke the first Sigibert Theodoricke Childericke the third from the Crowne for their tyranny and set up others of another stocke in their places Yea for sloathfulnesse negligence madenesse as also for injuries to Forrainers and yeelding to the impotencie or lust of flatterers or women they have deposed some and as it were taken away the reines from Phaeton lest all men should be burnt with the same fire as Theodoricke for Ebroines sake Dagobert of Plectrude and Theobald his Mignions with others reputing it to be all one whether a woman or an effeminate Prince reigned or whether a tyrant or petite tyrants under a sloathfull Prince domineered or finally whether he himselfe were a Devill or possessed by the Devill himselfe Thus not long since they compelled Lewes the eleventh a most imperious Prince to receive 36. Governours by whose counsell he was bound to governe the Republike Yea what other right had either the Carlingi adopted into the Kingdome in place of the Meruingi or the Capets who at this day hold it preferred before the Carlingi by the Decree of a publike Councell but from the people represented as it were in an Epitome by the Councell of the Realme which they call an Assembly of the three Estates who might lawfully of right both depose those and by their owne authority establish these in the Throne In the same manner we read Adolphus deprived of the German Empire An. 1296. because corrupted with mony he had made war with France in favour of the English and Wenceslaus An. 1400. although these may be called not so well evill as lesse good Princes Thus in the Realme of England Edward the second for his tyranny to his Subjects especially the Nobles whom he destroyed without hearing their cause was at his Queenes request adjudged unworthy of his Crowne by the Parliament Not long since Christierne in Denmarke Ericus in Sweden Queene Mary very lately in Scotland were deprived which Histories worthy credit testifie hath beene frequently done in the Kingdome of Poland Hungary Spaine Portugall Bohemia and the rest But what concerning the Pope himselfe The Cardinals they say because they have chosen him or if they doe not their duty the Patriarks who are Primates next after the Cardinals may against his will for certaine causes call a Councell and in it judge the Pope if he shall scandalize the Church by his notorious offences if he be incorrigible if reformation be necessary as well in the head as members if contrary to his Oath he will not assemble a Councell and the like and de facto we