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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A40439	The life of Dom John de Castro, the fourth vice-roy of India wherein are seen the Portuguese's voyages to the East-Indies, their discoveries and conquests there, the form of government, commerce, and discipline of warr in the east, and the topography of all India and China : containing also a particular relation of the most famous siege of Dio, with a map to illustrate it / by Jacinto Freire de Andrada, written in Portuguese ; and by Sr Peter Wyche, Kt., translated into English.; Vida de Dom João de Castro, quarto viso-rey da India. English	Freire de Andrade, Jacinto, 1597-1657.; Wyche, Peter, Sir, 1628-1699?	1663 (1663)	Wing F2155; ESTC R7129	235,174	319

by my Blood shall see my Loyalty and be the success good or bad I shall not count Death less Honourable then Victory 8. Coge-Sofar's Arguments were for the Odiousness of the cause and the Authority of his Person well approv'd of The King after magnifying his Loyalty commits to him as to one who out-went all the rest in his Zeal and Conduct the design He immediately quickens the preparations by diverse messages to the Neighbouring Kings putting them in mind of the Affronts had been put upon 'em and offering them his Princes arms in favour of their grievances He dispach't Embassadours to Constantinople inviting the Turk to redeem the credit of his Arms by beating the Portuguese out of India a thing which as much concern'd their Religion as Policy He made way for the Succour he ask't of him with a present of so great Value as 't was more likely to stirr up the Turks ambition against his Riches then that he should send him Auxiliary Forces to maintain ' em 9. Dom Iohn Mascarenhas was then Commander in chief in Dio great by his Birth in Portugall by his Virtue in the East a man who deserv'd as well from his Fame as Fortune He by private intelligence knowing Coge-Sofar's designs a●d that all his preparations threatned that Fortress writ what advise he had to Dom Iohn de Castro and that he wanted Men Ammunition and other necessaries neglects which so many years Peace wink 't at or 't was perhaps that our men thought themselves secure by the reputation of the former Victory he added too that the Soldan●s ●s Levies were very forward and the Enemy near and that Winter would shortly come which would shut out all Relief 10. When Dom Iohn de Castro receiv'd this advise he had already sent two hundred Souldiers to the Fortress under the Commands of Dom Iohn and Dom Pedro de Almeyda Sons to Dom Lopo de Almeyda the other Commanders were Gil Coutinho and Luis de Sousa Son to the High Chancellor of the Kingdome And that he might know the condition of the Enemy He dspatch't two Envoys experienc't in the Coast and In-land of Cambaya with Letters to Soldan Mahamud in which he told him the advice he had of the Levies and preparations he had made of which he hop't for an account from him because like a Friend he would accompany him in his design which he could at present very easily do having ready at Sea a very strong Fleet and in the Fortress of Dio stout Souldiers with an Overplus of Provision who had much rather enrich themselves with the spoils of VVarr then be at the pittance of an idle Peace He charg'd too those he sent cunningly to observe the Enemies Forces what Auxiliaries he had and what the people said that so by that they might Dive into the bottom of the design But whilst our Envoys are setting Sail we will forbear speaking about the business of Cambaya to make room for the successes in the Molucco's which depend on this Government 11. The Molucco's were many years under the obedience of our Laws Discovered and Conquer'd by the Arms of this Crown which were the first of Europe came to those Islands assign'd to us by the partition the Pope made 'twixt the Kings of Portugall and Castile the King Dom Manoel had on his side the right of Arms and Laws these Islands not coming to Portugall by Conquest only but by Inheritance In the time of the King Dom Manoel the last and first of the Name the Church and State equally flourish't in those Islands the light of the Gospel in the ecclipse of Paganism shining there through his Zeal many Kingdoms receiv'd from this so happy Prince their Religion and Government This King Dom Manoel Baptiz●d in Goa was amongst others King and Lord of the chief Islands of the Molucco's who well grounded in the Mysteries of our Faith returning to Govern and Instruct his people Dy'd without any Heir in Molucco and out of Gratitude for the benefits receiv'd of this Crown left by Solemn will Confirm'd by all the Formalities of the Law the King Dom Iohn the third Heir of the Kingdoms of the Molucco's to be successively annex't to the Crown of Portugall These Islands first discovered with Pains defended with our Blood and possest with so much Right have we seen parted with against the opinion of the best Lawyers and Geographers to Castile 12. The Governour Dom Iohn de Castro found in Goa Cachil de Aeyro one of great Power in the Molucco's who had for his Service deserv'd well of the State and was the nearest Ally'd to the Royal blood of the last Prince Dom Manoel but by many accidents so poor as he came to India to recommend himself to our Charity The Governour thinking his misfortunes not deserv'd by his Blood believing too that the memory of our Kings would be more honour'd by giving away then receiving a Kingdome invested him in the Crown of the Molucco's with this caution that in him and his Posterity the exercise of the Regality should depend on Portugall Amongst the Kings of India some made so great a gift a piece of Prodigality others of Pride but all stood amaz'd that we should take so much pains for what we gave away so easily 13. Whilst this was doing things in the Molucco's were not a little disturb'd by the arrival of three Castilian Ships which falling from their intended course got sight of those Islands and to refresh themselves after a Storm at Sea and carry their Prince more certainty of their discovery Landed in the Island Tidore I will not relate the Resistance our men made 'em because that hapned under an other Government and is Written by a better Pen I 'le but just tell what fell out in Castro's time who sent Fernaon de Sousa de Tavora to the Molucco's to dislodge the Castilians who invited by the Plenty and Richness of the Soil had a mind to enjoy the Fruits of other mens Labours and disturb the Peace and Trade of those Islands to which by Conquest and Inheritance we had a double Title Ruy Lopez de Villalobos a man more wary then Valiant was Commander of the Castilians he had proudly boasted of the strength of the Emperour Charls the Fifth his Master and of the advantage which from his Friendship those Pagan Kings might receive in their Warrs and Trade had too handled the report of us with a great deal of Disparagement and things hop't for being in the opinion of men greater then those at present some of the Islands listned to the Castilian pleading for it either sleight or forgotten Grievances 14. Fernaon de Sousa sent by the Governour arriv'd about this time at Molucco who upon information how things stood by Iurdaon de Freitas Commander in chief of the Fortress perceiv'd the Castilians party grew greater in hopes of Succour and Money promis'd from Spain As

the Altar on the Gospel-side is the Monument of Dom Iohn de Castro in which before 't was clos'd were laid his Bones with the following Epitaph D. JOANNES DE CASTRO XX. PRO RELIGIONE IN UTRAQUE MAURITANIA STIPENDIIS FACTIS NAVATA STRENUE OPERA THUNETANO BELLO MARI RUBRO FELICIBUS ARMIS PENETRATO DEBELLATIS INTER EUPHRATEM ET INDUM NATIONIBUS GEDROSICO REGE PER SIS TUR CIS UNO PRAELIO FUSIS SERVATO DIO IMO REIPUB REDDITO DORMIT IN MAGNUM DIEM NON SIBI SED DEO TRIUMPHATOR PUB LICIS LACHRIMIS COMPOSITUS PUBLICO SUMPTU PRAE PAUPER TATE FUNERATUS OBIIT VIII ID JUNII ANNO 1548. AETATIS 48. Under the Arch adjoyning to this rest the Bones of his Wife Dona Leonor Coutinho 108. On the Epistle-side of the Altar under an Arch over against that where is Castro's Monument rests his Son Dom Alvaro where his Bones were put in the same manner on him is writ this following Epitaph D. ALVARUS DE CASTRO MAGNI JOANNIS PRIMO-GENITUS CUI PENE AB INFANTIA DISCRIMINUM SOCIUS PUGNARUM PRAECURSOR TRIUMPHORUM CONSORS AEMULUS FORTITUDINIS HAERES VIRTUTUM NON OPUM REGUM PROSTATOR IN SINAI VERTIGE EQUES FELICITER INAUGURATUS A REGE SEBASTIANO SUMMIS REGNI AUCTUS HONORIBUS BIS ROMAE SEMEL CASTELLAE GALLIAE SABAUDIAE LEGATIONE PERFUNCTUS OBIIT IV. KALEND SEPTEMB ANNO 1575. AETATIS SUAE 50. In the next Arch to this lies his Wife Dona Anna de Attayde under the Body of the Chapel is made a Vault with six stone Arches in one of which is an Altar to celebrate Mass the rest have Repartments for the Bones and Bodies of the Dead 109. The Bishop Inquisitor General Founder of this Chapel gave for the maintenance of those Religious who are to perform the Duties of it to the Convent of Bemfica two hundred and forty thousand Reis yearly to be paid out of the Chamber of this City of Lisbone which are thus distributed One hundred and twenty thousand Reis for three Masses to be daily Celebrated fifty though given before for the Anniversaries he shall appoint in his Will forty for the Fabrick and providing the Chapel thirty for supplying the necessities of those Religious men who reside in the Novic●ate for the looking to and cleaning the Chapel which besides this he Adorn'd with many rich and devout Pieces and gave to the Sachristy all things necessary for Divine Worship as well Ornaments for Holy-days as Work-days Linning Candlesticks of all sizes Lamps and other such like necessaries all in aboundance and perfection 110. Dom Iohn de Castro as Illustrious for his Family as Virtues was Born in Lisbone the 27th of February of the year one thousand five hundred He was second Son to Dom Alvaro de Castro Governour of the House of Civil and to Dona Leonor de Noronha the Daughter of Dom Iohn de Almeyda second Earl of Abrantes Grand-child to Dom Garcia de Castro who was Brother to Dom Alvaro de Castro the first Earl of Monsanto these two were Sons to Dom Fernando de Castro Grand-children to Dom Pedro de Castro and great Grand-children to Dom Alvaro Pirez de Castro Earl of Arrayolos and first Constable of Portugal Brother to the Queen Dona Inez de Castro Wife to King Dom Pedro the Cruel This Constable was Son to Dom Pedro Fernandez de Castro call'd in Castile the Man of Warr who coming into this Kingdome begun here the Illustrious house of the Castros which hath preserv'd it self in so much greatness Dom Pedro by the Male line descended from the Infante Dom Fernando Son to King Dom Garcia of Navarre who Married Dona Maria Alvarez de Castro the only Daughter of the Earl Alvaro Fanhez Minaya the fifth Grand-child in descent from Lain Calvo from whom this Family derives its beginning Dom Iohn de Castro when very young Marry'd Dona Leonor Coutinho his Cousin-German once remov'd greater for her Quality then Portion with whom retiring to the Town of Almada he by an Antidated old Age avoided the ambition of the Court He went to serve at Tangiers where he gave the first but extraordinary proofs of his Courage though of his Actions there we have more from his Fame then our Knowledge He return'd to Court re-call'd by the King Dom Iohn the third and the Kingdome being too narrow for his Gallantry went to India with Dom Garcia de Noronha He accompany'd Dom Estevaon de Gama in his expedition to the Mouth of the Red-Sea and made a Journal of his Voyage a usefull and acceptable work to Sea-men On his return to Portugal he retir'd to his Country-house at Sintra recreating himself by Reading in his Solitudes and employments always Exemplary He put on his Sword again to follow the Eagles of Charls the Emperour in the Battail of Tunez where he rais'd his name with new Glory when this design was over hiding himself from his own Fame he again retir'd to Sintra knowing how to avoid not keep himself from employments The King Dom Iohn made him Admiral of the Navy of the Coast a Service where his Courage was answered by Success He went last of all to Govern India where by the Victories we have related he secur'd and brought into reputation the State When the designs of Warr spar'd him he in a large Card describ'd all the Coast betwixt Goa and Dio marking the Flats and Shelves the height of the Pole in which the Cities lye the depth of Water Anchoring and Creeks which form the Havens the Trade-winds and Nature of those Seas the force of the Currents the swiftness of Rivers disposing the Lines in different Tables all with so minute and exact Geography as only this Work might serve to make him Famous if he were not so eminently for his great Fortitude He look't the same in his streights at Home and prosperity in the East appearing always the same Man in diverse Fortunes his Ambition was to deserve all things and ask nothing He equally did reason and justice to all men unbyast in his Punishments but so Justifiable that the Complaints were more against the Law then Minister He was free to the Souldiers sparing to his Children shewing more civility in his Office then Nature He us'd with a great deal of Ceremony the Actions of his Predecessours honouring even those he put not in practice without prostituting his Civility he preserv'd his Respect He appear'd above the Great ones and Father of the Meanest such was his Life as by that more then by Punishments he reform'd extravagancies his first Zeal was always in God's cause then in the States he past no Virtue without Reward some Vices without Punishment amending not a few some by Favours others by Clemency The presents he receiv'd from the Prince of Asia he put to the King's Revenue a Virtue all prais'd few imitated the maimed Souldiers found him Sollicitous in their Cure and Compassionate of their Condition He oblig'd every one yet seem'd obnoxious to

D. IOAO DE CASTRO THE FOVRTH VICEROY OF INDIA W. Faithorne sculp THE LIFE OF DOM JOHN DE CASTRO The Fourth Vice-Roy of INDIA Wherein are seen the Portuguese's Voyages to the East-Indies Their Discoveries and Conquests there The form of Government Commerce and Discipline of Warr in the East and the Topography of all India and China Containing also a particular relation of the most famous siege of DIO With a Map to Illustrate it BY IACINTO FREIRE DE ANDRADA Written in PORTUGUESE AND By Sr PETER WYCHE Kt. Translated into English 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hesio. London Printed for Henry Herringman and are to be sold at his Shop at the Sign of the Anchor on the Lower walk in the New Exchange 1664. TO THE QUEENS Most Excellent Majesty May it please your Majesty EVery Man's way of paying his Reverence and Devotion being particularly his own and as peculiar as any thing he derives from his Temper and the Splendor of Your Majesties Vertues and Perfections of which to name any first were to fail in Ceremony to the rest being as Glorious and Unquestionable as Light in the Sun who daily Prodigal of his Benign Aspects is yet above being the Theame and Subject of Praises I have thought it suitable to my Zeal and first Imployment had in Portugall to tell my Fellow-Subjects in plain English the Greatness and Glory of that Crown and Kingdome which are Contractedly drawn in the Life of one particular Portuguese since the Ministers Actions have their Spring in the King's Instructions and the Prince's Zeal makes the Subjects Apostles And now Madam the Praises of your Native Country will come with Advantage to the Eyes and Ears of the English since your Majesty so Endear'd before as to make them Hope in Despair and Joyn such is the Miracle of your Goodness in one Form of Common-Prayer for your Happy Recovery when so many thousands so Sacrifize to their own Opinions as to be willing with their Lives and Fortunes to pay for their Non-conformity will be now look't upon as the Queen of every particular Man's choice The Life of the great Portuguese Dom Iohn de Castro Dedicated in the Original to Prince Theodosius of Happy Memory Your Royal Brother hath Suggested the presumption of Begging for the Translation your Sacred and Auspitious Patronage which only in so Censorious an Age can protect in Print and in Safety Madam Your Majesties most Loyal Subject and most Dutifull Servant PETER WYCHE THE Authors Dedication To Prince THE ODOSIUS Of Happy Memory Who was Heir of Portugall and Eldest Brother to Our Most Excellent Queen KATHERINE Most Serene SIR THE Scipios have met with their match in their Actions not in their Fortune There were in Darius's for Dom John de Castro to Conquer in Europe not a Curtius or Livy to propagate his Fame The Bishop Dom Francisco de Castro perswaded me to write this History which the Press now publisheth though in a Style inferiour to the deserts of a Man who came to be Great amongst the Greatest whose Vertues blossom'd so soon that they seem'd rather Hereditary then Acquir'd He Liv'd not out the Years of his Government in which almost the same Numbers stood for Days and Victories though he was long Liv'd to his Country short to Nature Yet now his Memory is under your Highness's Protection 't is a question if he were Happier in his Life or Posterity being always a Conquerour then over his Enemies now over Time I might here take an occasion to publish your Highness's Vertues but an Epistle is too short as the Book would have been for such a Subject The general Cry of the World is to be the Book where all shall read them in a more impartial Character since our Hopes are that your Highness uniting to the Pleasantness of Study the Glory of Arms will for Fame and Courage be the first on the File amongst our Portuguese Princes God preserve the most Serene Person of your Highness Lisbone 15 th of March 1651. Jacinto Freire de Andrada THE PREFACE 1. POrtugall given by Alphonsus the sixth King of Castile after a signal Victory obtained against the Mahometans Anno 1089. in Dowry with his Daughter Therasia to Count Henry Grand-child to Robert Duke of Burgundy in Recompence of his extraordinary though but personal assistance in the Battail and to have there so considerable a Strength where the incursions of the Moors were most frequent and terrible hath been maintain'd enlarg'd at home and abroad and recovered by Courage and Policy not below those Deserts which got so unusual a Match and Portion for a Stranger 2. Count Henry took Viseu and Lamego from the Moors yet left Portugall with Neighbouring Frontiers for Southward it was bounded with the River Mondego infested with the Invasions of the Infidels Northward with the River Minho towards the Rising Sun it had the Province Beira and towards the Setting on the Sea-side the City Porto which being the only Port unpossess't by the Moors and chiefly frequented by the French seems more reasonably then some other Etymologies to give the name to the Kingdome of Portugall 3. Alphonsus Henriques Son to Count Henry as the fatal greatness of Rome made its first King Romulus a Souldier was not second to any in Story in Courage and Action He defeated Albucaran King of Badajos and took the City raised the Siege of Coimbra besieged by King Eujunius with three hundred thousand men In the year 1139. at the Battail of Orique where impartial and concurrent Histories count an hundred Moors for every Christian he overcame Ismarus and four more Mahometan Kings on which he was as some affirm after the Fight saluted King by his own Souldiers from that Action also the Virgil of Portugall Luis de Camoens in the 53. and 54. Stanzas of his third Canto derives the bearing of the Arms of the Kingdome which are five small shields Azure in a great shield Argent left plain by his Father 53. Aqui pinta no branco escudo ufano Que agora esta vitoria certifica Cinco escudos azues esclarecidos Em sinal destes cinco Reys vencidos 54. En estes cinco escudos pinta os trinta Dinheyros porque Deos fora vendido Escrevendo a memoria em varia tinta Da quelle de quem foy favorecido Em cado hum dos cinco cinco pinta Por que assi fica o numero comprido Contando duas vezes o do meyo Dos cinco azues que em Cruz pintando veyo Which the Right Honourable Sir Richard Fanshaw late Embassadour to Portugal in his Excellent Translation of that Heroique Poem thus renders 53. In his broad Shield which he till then wore plain A badge eternal of this glorious day Five small shields Azure he doth now include In sign of these five Kings by him subdude 54. In these five Shields he paints the Recompence For which our Lord was sold in various Ink Writing his History who did dispence Such favour to him more

then heart could think In every of the five he paints five Pence So sums the thirty by a Cinque fold cinque Accounting that which is the Center twise Of the five Cinques which he doth place Cross-wise Though the more Venerable Testimony of a Latin Record made of the Oath Alphonsus Henriques took in the year 1152. before the Bishop and Magistracy of Combra and the Bishop of Braga about the Vision he saw before the Engagement saith he was proclamed King before the Fight as was fore-told by Christ who at the same time commanded him to take for his Arms what he paid for the Redemption of Man and what he was sold for to the Iews to which the King added for his Crest Moses's Serpent A Type of Christ The words under the King's Oath are Gentem tuam invenies alacrem ad bellum fortem potentem ut sub Regis nomine in hac pugna egrediaris Nec dubites sed quicquid petierint liberè concede Ego enim Aedificator Dissipator Imperiorum Regnorum sum Volo enim in te in semine tuo Imperium mihi stabilire ut deferatur nomèn meum in exteras gentes Et ut agnoscant succ●ssores tui datorem Regni insigne tuum ex pretio quo ego humanum genus emi ex qno ego à Judaeis emptus sum compones This Record also sets down a famous Prediction delivered at the same time by an old Hermit to Alfonsus as he then affirm'd upon Oath concerning the Succession Alienation and Restauration of the Crown of Portugall Bono animo esto Vinces vinces non vinceris Dilectus es a Domino Posuit enim super te super semen tuum oculos misericordiae suae usque in sextam decimam generationem in qua attenuabitur proles sed in ipsam attenuatam ipse respiciet videbit which this Age hath seen fulfill'd precisely and to the Letter by the King of Spain's seising on the Kingdome of Portugall after the Death of King Henry the Cardinal who succeeded the unfortunate Sebastian the seventeenth King and by the happy Restauration of the Royal Family in King John the Fourth of Glorious memory Father to our most Incomparable Queen Katherine This Record was found engross'd in Parchment with five Seals annex'd in the Royal Monastery of Alcobaca the Original was carried to Philip the Second King of Spain and is now in the Escurial there remains in Lisbone an Authentique Copy and Dom Antonio de Sousa de Macedo hath Printed it in the second Proeme of his Lusitania Liberata pag. 96 97 and 98. This first King took Saint Iren from the Moors and by the help of the Northern Fleet sent to the Holy Land under the Command of William Long-sword got from them after a long and bloody Siege Lisbone Afterwards Beja and Evora and the greatest part of the Country on the South-side of Tagus by the Portuguese called Allentejo he Died in the year of our Lord 1185. of his Reign 73. and of his Age 91. a King so extraordinary in his own Person in the unusual length of his Life and Reign was necessary for the fast Rooting that Monarchy which was so gloriously to spread it self as far as East and West extend 4 Alphonsus was succeeded by his Son Sanctius the first from whom the Crown continued in the direct Descendency for above two hundred years till John the first Brother to King Ferdinand the last of nine Kings who in continual Warrs had imployed their Pious and Victorious Arms in driving the Moors out of Europe so long so stoutly did they defend their Possessions 5. King John seeing all clear behind him did then Prudently and in Compliance with that Innate hatred the Crown of Portugall had against the Mahometans pass over to Africa where he took from the Moors the City of Ceuta as Emulous and Troublesome a Neighbour and Competitor to Spain as Carthage was once to Italy After this advantage on the Africans his third Son the Infante Dom Henrique Commander of the Cavalliers of Christ an order founded by Dennis the sixth King of Portugal against the Infidels on the Dissolution of that of the Knights Templers incited by the obligation of his Office and Family set upon the Discovery of the Western Coast of Arabia of which in the expedition of Ceuta cujus pars magna fuit and other passages made over thither he had got the best Information he could find amongst the Moors He began his design Anno 1420. by sending forth every year two or three Ships which were to pass Cape Non the furthest of the Spanish discoveries and by them so named like Hercules pillars from their despair of passing further In all the Voyages of twelve years they came but to the Cape Bojador so named from its Launching out which no man had the boldness to double because finding that Cape to shoot out Westward about forty Leagues further then the rest of the Coast and at the beginning of the Cape a Bank of Sands to run the same way the unexperienced and raw Pilots used then to Sail by the Shore durst not stand off ●ix Leagues which had avoided the Flats and go so far Westward The Infante undaunted by the consideration of expence or danger continually set out Fleets and gave Orders to the most skilfull and stout Commanders to adventure the passing that then so formidable Cape In these Voyages Porto Sancto was after a great Storm recovered and found out and so named from the Preservation afterwards the Island Madeira so called from the thick Woods upon it with Resolute and Magnanimous perseverance Vast and Prodigious expence unheard of Suffering and Danger he at last past the Cape and in forty three years carried on his Discoveries from Cape Non in twenty eight degrees and an half of Northern Latitude to Cape Sierra Lione in 7 3 4. of the same Latitude which makes on the Shore 430. Leagues In the Sea besides those already mentioned were found out in his time the Canary Islands and those of Capoverde He laid the foundation of that great Design not thought of by any of the Antients but Semiramis Bacchus and Alexander the Great and till now above the narrow Souls of so many succeeding Ages the 13th of November in the year 1463. was the Day of his glorious Memory 6. Alphonsus the fifth Grand-child to John the first by his Son King Edward who Reigned but five years set to Farm at a certain Rate the Trade of Guinney for five years to Fermon Gomes on condition that beginning from the Cape Sierra Lione he should every year discover one hundred Leagues on the Coast In January 1471. he first came to the place in Guinney by him called and yet of the same name the Mine and there began to truck for Gold His discoveries fell not short of his agreement for they reached to Cape Saint Katherine so call'd because first seen on her Day which lies in 2

and 1 2. of Southern Latitude From this most famous discovery of the Gold Coast he had according to the first rule of Sirnames by Patent from the King given him that of Da Mina and for his Arms in a field Argent three Moors heads with Gold Rings in their Ears and Nostrils and Chains of the same about their Necks In this King's time were discovered in the Sea the Islands of Saint Thomas of the Prince and of Anno Bon He went Anno 1458. in Person with a Fleet of 220. Ships and about 25000. Men and took Alcacer Leguer from the Moors In a second expedition got Anafe in a third Arzilla and Tangier 7. King John the Second took the Title of Lord of Guinney and Built on the Gold Coast the Fortress call'd Saint George of the Mine thereby to take Possession of the past and intended Discoveries and to lay the first Stone of a Church for the Conversion of the Pagans Diogo Cam by his Commission came in the year 1484. to the Kingdome and River of Congo where according to his Orders to raise Pillars of Stone in stead of Woodden Crosses used before in the most Eminent places of his Discoveries fixing to them an Escutcheon Royal and about it an Inscription in Latin and Portuguese declaring the King the Time and Person employed in the Discovery He set up a Pillar on the South-side of the River how much more Glorious then the Imaginary ones of Hercules which was therefore call'd Rio do Padraon i. e. the River of the Pillar the Discovery of the Kingdome of Congo was so considerable as Diogo Cam returned with the news to the King who in a little time fitted him out again in this Voyage he went 200. Leagues beyond Congo and planted two Pillars one called Saint Augustines in 13. degrees of Southern Latitude another which named the place Capo do Padraon in 22. degrees of the same Latitude About this time was discovered by Fernaon Do Po the Island yet called by his Name and the Kingdome of Benim whence the first Guinney Pepper came into Christendome In the year 1486. there came into Portugall an Ambassadour from the King of Penim to desire some Priests to instruct that Kingdome in the Catholique Religion this Embassadour told King John that twenty Moneths Iourney according to the slow Travelling of their Caravans Eastward of their Country was a Prince call'd Organé who amongst the Pagan Princes of that Coast was esteemed as the Pope is in Europe by whom according to antient Custom the Kings of Benim were Confirmed in their Succession to the Crown who instead of a Scepter and a Crown sent them a Staff and to wear on their Head a Cover of Copper like an Helmet and a Cross to wear about their Neck The King comparing this Relation with what some of his Friars had heard at Jerusalem from the Abissines of their Prince's being a Christian and his Kingdome Southward of Egypt upon consulting with Ptolomies Mapps and his own Discoveries and the distance Eastward concluded Ogané to be the Presbyter John then so much talkt off that by his means he might get into the Indies and that by his Fleets following the Coast they might arrive at Ptolomies Prasum Promontorium now Mozambique 8. This Story heightning his hopes and desires of getting to the Indies he sent May 1487. over Land Pero de Couilhaan to endeavour that way to come to India and Alphonso de Paiva with Letters to Presbyter John the first going from Grand Cairo in the Company of some Moors to Adem in the Streights mouth of the Red-Sea thence cross'd over to the Coast of India and was at Cananor Calicut and Goa at his return to Cairo finding his Companion Dead and meeting with fresh desires of the King that he should find out Presbyter John he went again to the Red-Sea and from thence got to the Court of Presbyter John where the welcome Ceremony of his Reception was great but his Return was according to Custom there to retain Strangers out of hope The prosecution of the Discoveries on the Coasts was continued by sending out a Fleet in 1486. under the Command of Bartholomew Diaz he placed his first Pillar in the height of 24. degrees Southward in a place then named Serra Parda 120. Leagues beyond the last of Diego Cam's pursuing their Voyage they came to Angra das Vottas which lies in 29. After five days stay here putting to Sea again bad weather kept them 13. days with their Sails half-Mast high when the Storm ceas'd concluding the Coast according to former Observation to run from North to South they stood in for the Land with an Easterly course but being some days without making it they went Northward which brought them to Angra dos Vaquieras North of the Cape not having here any Intelligence for want of an Interpreter and the fearfull Moors leaving the Shore at the sight of so unusual men returning to Sea with the same course they came to an Island in 33 1 4. Southward where they planted a Pillar call'd the Cross which also gave the name to the Island Here the Mariners weary and fearfull of the great Seas they found began to complain and desire not to be put to tempt Fortune further but to return having found a thing more considerable then any of the former Discoveries which was That the Land being now observed to run Northward there must be in their Stern some great Cape which they ought to strive to discover The Counsel of the Chief Officers of the Fleet rose in this Resolution hardly granting Diaz's earnest request to hold the same Course for two or three days and then finding no encouragement to proceed to Tack about at the end of the Limited time they came to a River 25. Leagues Northward of the Island of Cryz in 32 2 3. call'd Rio do Infante John Infante Commander of a Ship being the first who went on Shore Hence the Mariners renewing their Complaints they returned and came in sight of that so famous Cape hid for so many Ages which now did not only Discover it self but a new World Bartholomew Diaz from the Storm and Dangers he met with in doubling it call'd it Cabo Tormentoso but the King at the return of the Fleet gave it the more Illustrious name of Bona Esperanza They returned December 1487. having in sixteen Moneths seventeen Days discovered 350. Leagues on the Coast. In this King's time was the Astrolabe found out by two of his Physicians to whose thoughts he had recommended the Improvement of Navigation and one Martim of Bohemia Scholer to the Great Regiomontanus 9. King John Dying without Lawfull Issue the Kingdome came to Emanuel Son to the Infante Dom Ferdinand Brother to Alphonsus the Fifth This was that great Fortunate and only Emanuel of Portugall so call'd not only from being Born on Corpus Christi Day 1469. but from his Mothers being delivered after a sharp and dangerous Labour as the Procession

the Portuguese out of India This Siege began Antonio da Silvera being Governour of Dio July 1538. the first Army which came against the place consisting of six thousand Horse and thirteen thousand Foot under the Command of Alucan and Coge-Sofar and in September Solomon Bashaw Admiral of the Turks came to their Relief with a Fleet of seventy six Vessels full of Choise men and a suitable preparation of all other necessaries There was not wanting by Sea or Land the personal and constant gallantry of Assaults the subtilty of Stratagem and uninterrupted Battery of great Guns against a few men taken unprovided yet did the Enemy raise the Siege himself at the end of October and the Vice-Roy Dom Garcia de Noronha found him gone when he came to their Relief with one hundred and sixty Sail. 17. The subjection all India was in under the Fortress of Dio the old Animosities for the first Baffle received at that place and Mahumed's revenge for the Death of his Father Badur kill'd by the Portuguese begot the second Siege of Dio 1546. the chief Story of our History which if not much prejudiced by a lessening Translation may probably appear one of the greatest Actions on Record Here Envy cannot fasten that with which she so disparagingly blasted Alexanders Expeditions and Conquests in Asia That he had to do with unarm'd and unpolisht Men master'd to his hand by Vice and Luxury Courage Discipline Design and Arms were here in that height as they seem'd not to be newly learn'd in the East and must have prevailed against any one but a Dom John de Castro one so singular in all Vertues as he might Cope with any of the antient Heroes and challenge a place in the Kalendar of Saints whose constant Carriage and Influence over all India is besides the universal consent of History a strong argument for some successes which might be otherwise startled at as improbable if any can be so to that Magnanimous and Hereditary preseverance in difficulties which we have shew'd to be Entaild for above an Age upon the Portuguese To Atone the imperfections of the Translation and help the Reader in the passages of so famous and memorable a Siege I have procured and gratefully acknowledge it as an eminent favour the Ma●● of Dio from his Excellency the Marquess of Sandé now extraordinary Embassadour in England from the King of Portugall which I have inserted in the proper place 18. The Death of our great and glorious Dom John de Castro left not India so destitute but the following Governours added Conquests to the State Converts to the Church King John the Third was succeeded by his Grand-child Posthumus Sebastian Born with such restless desires to enlarge his Conquests against the Moors and Infidels as his thoughts had no other object The wonderfull success of his Arms in the Indies in getting ground on his Enemies the defence of Goa Besieged by Idalcan with 35000. Horse and 60000. Foot the keeping Chaul against a Siege of nine Moneths re-inforc'd with one hundred thousand Foot and 45000. Horse managed with all the horrour resoluteness and policy of Warr and the Counsel of the most Prudent about him could not so defend him against the subtle perswasions of his admiring Flatterers as to stop his fatal Voyage into Africa Anno 1578. where after a hard March in the hea●s and deserts second only to that of Resolute Cato's engaging with incredicle numbers of the Enemies he is by some supposed to be the third King slain in the Battail though others fond of their own Grief and his Memory tell compassionate and tender Stories of his disguise and escape and thinking so great a Light could not go out with out its last amasing Blaze believe Sebastian not yet Dead 19. Henry the Cardinal Son to King Emanuel and great Uncle to Sebastian was on his Death by the Civillians Nemine contradicente asserted King and accordingly receiv'd by the Kingdome his old Age which allow'd him but the Reign of one Year and five Moneths and the Character of his Spiritual orders beautified in him by the chast and exemplary Austerity of a Prince obliged him to endeavour to settle the Succession by appointing a meeting of the States at Almeirim there to hear the pretensions of those five Rivals who Courted the Crown The Competitors were Antonio Prior of Crato natural Son to the Infante Dom Lewis second Son to King Emanuel who for some Weeks carried himself as King at Lisbone by coyning Money and conferring Honours till forc'd away by the Duke of Alva fled to Porto thence got into France and in the year 1589. assuring Queen Elizabeth That all the Portuguese would unanimously acknowledge him if he got Footing there the Fleet design'd for the West-Indies under the Command of Captain Drake appeared in his Favour but the Portuguese answered not his expectation His only prejudice was his not being Legitimate Raynusius Duke of Parma Grand-child to Edward the fourth Son to King Emanuel by his eldest Daughter Mary excluded because the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdome provide in case a Daughter Marry out of Portugall against a Strangers pretending in her Right Catharine Dutchess of Barganza second Daughter to Edward but with the Legal advantage of having Married in the Kingdome Philip the second King of Spain Grand-child to King Emanuel by his eldest Daughter Elizabeth Married to the Emperour Charls the Fifth Emanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy Grand-child to King Emanuel by his second Daughter Beatrix Married to Charls Duke of Savoy Philip the second King of Spain having chased Prior Antonio out of Lisbone was acknowledged King of Portugall and went in Person to Lisbone in June 1581. 20. The Restauration of King John the Fourth to the Kingdome and Crown of Portugall Anno 1640. is eminently observable That the Possession of the King of Spain for threescore years had not made the Portuguese loose their Courage or Hopes to effect their desires That the King of Spain should make the Duke of Braganza whose pretences to the Crown and affections of the People he very well knew Grand-master of the Artillary who in dischage of his trust seemed to refuse the offer of the Crown That a secret intrusted with six hundred should not miscarry That the design should be perfected with only the Death of the Secretary And that its influence should be so general and powerfull as the Castillians were every where and almost at the same time laid aside particularly in Brazil where they were totally extirpated And where afterwards the States of Holland found this policy of the Portuguese seconded by the Courage of their Ancestors in taking the Reciffe in Pernambuck Ianuary 1654. a place the States with a Fleet of fifty Ships had taken from the Spaniard 1630. of such consequence That whilst the Crowns were united in one the Recovery of it was the great Debate of the Councils attempted by the Admiral Dom Antonio de Oquendo 1631. Afterwards for many years

by the greatest Preparations and most eminent Persons of both Kingdomes yet the complicated Strength of Nature and the Hollanders Fortifications whom their Experience had made the great Masters of that Art made it impregnable against all Attaques The taking in of this by the Portuguese alone when a King of their own made them act like and for themselves and the keeping of it against the Force and Fleet of Count Maurice of Nassau may at the end of a long Preface excuse the Recital of many more performances of the Portuguese after their Restauration Notorious for the Wisdome of the Contrivance and Gallantry of the Execution Peter Wyche WHITEHALL Aug. 12. 1663. Let this Translation be Printed Henry Bennet THE LIFE OF DOM IOHN DE CASTRO The First BOOK I Am Writing the Life of Dom Iohn de Castro a Man greater then his Name greater then his Victories whose Memory is yet fresh in the East descending from Father to Son a successive Book wherein the Fame of his Actions is preserv'd always Alive and we will add to the general Acclamations of his Glory this little shout since Records keep not so well in Tradition as Writing 1. Dom Iohn de Castro was a Renown'd Branch of an Illustrious Family But first we will tell his Vertues then his Stock the Nobility a man raiseth by his Actions being greater then that he acquires from his Ancestors He spent his first Years in that Learning and Vertue his Age was then capable of being so naturally inclin'd to Learning that he needed not be forc'd but only put in the way Dom Iohn not being the Heir of his House was intended for Study Learning being always the second Birth-right amongst the best Houses of this Kingdome Dom Iohn obey'd not having then Liberty to refuse or a School to take another Lesson in 2. He Learnt Mathematicks of Peter Nonnius the greatest Man Portugall knew of that Profession and came to be such a Master in the Science as if he had intended to profess it In this School he was Companion to the Infante Dom Lewis whose Familiarity he got into both by his Quality and Ingenuity but as Dom Iohn embrac'd Learning out of Obedience and Arms by Destiny he look'd upon the glory of the Schools as small finding himself intended for the Warrs both by his own Inclination and by his fore-fathers Example 3. The repute of Dom Edward Menezes Governour of Tangiers was at that time great whose Name the Africans heard with terrour and we with respect Dom Iohn look'd more upon his Victories then the Schemes and Circles of Euclid loving the Arts only as they waited on Courage 4. Being eighteen years Old finding himself more grown in Spirit then in Age making an escape he Embark'd for Tangiers where contrary to the Custom of such places he bore Arms nine years as if he intended to spend his Life in what was only a beginning on all occasions in that Warr he behaved himself with Courage equal to his Blood and above his Years deserving the joy of it from his Friends and envy from the Souldiery 5. Dom Edward de Menezes respected him as if he had then read in this History his Victories in Asia we are now Writing he would needs with his own hands give and receive the honour of Knighting him being proud so long before of this Son of his Discipline and considering that so great Bravery deserv'd to be encouraged by the favours of Princes desiring that Valour should have due Rewards equally favouring the King and Subject he writ to the King Dom Iohn the Third that Dom Iohn de Castro had so serv'd that now no Place or Reward could be too great for him that his Highness ought to conferr some honour on him because Kings make Souldiers by taking notice of them and it was just that in the sight of so great a Prince Vertue should not remain unrewarded 6. The King immediately sent for Dom Iohn by so honourable a Letter as if he had intended him no other recompence with that Dom Iohn came to the Court where he was as much Envy'd for his wounds as for the favour shown him The King made him Commendatory of Salvaterra awaking Deserts in others by the Value he had for them in him 7. Dom Iohn spent some time in Court without being drawn away to any youthfull Vice either by his Years or Example appearing truly a Man all along taking so well his Measures that neither his Maturity made him ill-humour'd nor his Civility facil He knew how to play the Philosopher amongst the Varieties of the Court shunning in that kind of Life what had any shew of Idleness not any thing that arguesd Discretion 8. He altered his course of Life by Marrying the Lady Leonore Coutinho his Cousin German once removed the Daughter of Leonel Coutinho a Gentleman of the Illustrious House of Marialva Nobility so known and so auntient that our knowledge of that and the Kingdome bear both the same Date He had no other Portion but the Qualities and Vertues of his Bride yet without the propps of an Estate did so maintain his Honour that he was by all treated with the respect of a Rich and the pitty of a Poor man 9. Then presented it self the Battail of Tunis an Action more famous for the Victory then Advantage in which Dom Iohn de Castro had no little share in the Honour of Danger We will give a larger relation of its success The King Dom Iohn having engaged in it his Forces the Infante Dom Lewis his Person That notorious Rover Barba-Rossa had infested all the Mediterranean with more Strength and Boldness then is ordinarily heard of in a Pirat finding Fortune so ready to assist his Daring that amidst the Triumphs of Charls only Barba-Rossa was the scandal of his Victories Seeing himself every day more advanc'd in Opinion and Forces he went to serve the Turk with whom the report of our injuries had given him credit and buying his favour with the most Valuable things he had got to be Admiral of the Seas coming often with great numbers of Gallies he very much infested the Ports of Naples and Sicily the Valour of the Natives or the Protection of the Empire to which they were Vassals not being able to defend them He made Slaves of i●finite numbers whereof divers truckt their Faith for their Liberty laid waste Provinces and burnt Ships getting a very great Name amongst the Infidels by the miseries of the Christians till forgetting his beginning his Prosperity made way for his ambition of Reigning and he usurp'd the Kingdome of Iunis by diverse Artifices which Story be●ongs not to our History Charls looking upon this Tyrant having so much force of his own that he was abetted by a far greater Power and that his Kingdoms lying so near it was not fit he should root himself at the Gates of his House that the Moors who