from the race of the Iewes cannot but follow the tracke of their predecessors Today they would follow and honour Antigonus to morrow they would accuse his bountie as a crime of high treason and iudge it to bee little lesse then pride and vanitie and as traitors they abandon and forsake him accusing him before Aristobulus and so be the causers of his death and destruction And therefore most humbly I beseech your Maiesties and all Christian Princes to keepe your selues from the Castilians and not to trust them Good and sound counsell howsoeuer they shew themselues mortal and deadly enemies to their kings and do make neuer so faire semblance that they are well and heartily affected to do you seruice The common sort of Castilians Sir are so maligne and peruerse so full of pride arrogancy ambition The malitious nature of the Castilian nation tyranny and infidelity that Fernand king of Portugall being the right and lawfull heire to the Realmes of Castile and Leon and being called vpon by the people of the same kingdomes who offred to receiue him for their Lord and king the Portugals would in no wise consent therunto saying that they would not haue any thing to doe nor meddle with them no not though it were to command ouer them It was my hap one day to deuise vpon this matter with a noble man of the French kings Councell who seeming much astonished at the report thereof did make mee this answer Certainly this that you tell me doth make me not so much to maruell as that which I haue heard reported of a Fryer Preacher who in the yeare of our Lord 1576. Math. 22. preaching vpon this part of the Gospel Thou shalt loue the Lord thy God c. and thy neighbour as thy selfe said that by this precept God commanded vs not onely to loue our father and mother brothers kinsfolke friends and countreymen but euen heretikes also and strangers Iewes Paynims An example worthy the marking Moores Turkes and the Castilians themselues This happened as it was told him and this Preacher was a religious person of the order of S. Dominicke and he did Preach in a parish Chuâ—ch of Lisbon called Saint Magdalens being one of the principall Churches within the citie and there were present at it the most part of the Gouernours of the towne with many Presidents of the Parliament Councellors Gentlemen and rich Marchants The said noble man shewing himselfe greatly abashed at this report did demand of me how it could be tollerated that this should be spoken openly in the Pulpit and the religious person not punished for it Whereunto I answered that there wanted not any accusers to call him in question for it but the number of them that did beare with him and fauoured him for the franknesse and libertie of this his speech was so great Portugals hold the Castilians to be worse then Infidels that those which did accuse him could not be heard Moreouer it is an ordinary and vsuall thing with the Portugals to say That the Castilians are worse then the Infidels themselues But let them speake the worst of them they can yet will they beare and endure it because they reâ—pe great benefite and aduantage by it The which the sayd Nobleman seeing in sort to make doubt of he did thus reply vnto me Albeit I doe beleeue some part of this you say yet there resteth one thing which is as a scruple in my mind and that is in that as I haue read the Portugals and the Castilians are both of one and the same Prouince and are borne in a manner of one Stock and issued of one Root and doe speake one and the selfe-same Language that is the opinion of Conestagio Conestag lib. 1. fol. 4. pa. 2. of whom we haue before spoken But he sayth he knoweth not what for the Portugals are descended of the Gaules the Celtes and the Braccates and their Language is almost the same with the Latine Tongue But as touching the Castillians we cannot certainely say from whence they are descended Neuerthelesse the best iudgement and coniecture thereof that can be made by circumstances and euident proofes is that they are descended of the Vandals of the Iewes and of the Moores and their Language is in a manner all one with that of the Moores and their pronunciation is all one or much alike Thereof it commeth that the Castillians being in the countrey of the Saracens or of the Turkes they doe soone and very easily denie the Christian Faith and doe turne altogether Turke and Infidell True it is that the Princes great Lords and Hijos de Algo are extracted eyther from the Gothes or from the ancient Spaniards which inhabited the mountaines and the countries of Leon and of Ouiedo and the Prouince of Galitia within which is enclosed the ancient Portugall Conestagio in the same place last before recited sayth that these two Nations doe hate each other most extreamely and hee setteth downe one notable vntruth to wit The vntruth of Conestagio That the hatred of the Portugall doth farre exceed that of the Castillians which is altogether false and vntrue The Portugals doe not hate the Castillians but they abhorre their actions as most wicked and full of crueltie and tyrannie The Castillians on the contrarie because they cannot with any reason hate the actions of the Portugals for that they are good and iust they doe therefore haâ—e their persons who haue so often ouercome vanquished and ill handled them and so much the more for that their numbers were alwayes as a man may say infinite and the Portugals were very few and in comparison of them as nothing The hatred of the Castillians is so certaine against the Portugals that it is vsually spoken in manner of a prouerbe That since the battaile of Alijbarto the Castillians would neuer suffer any to preach vpon the Fryday in the first weeke of Lent on which day the Church vseth to sing that part of the Gospell Matth. 5. where it is said Loue your enemies and therefore they iudge the Portugals to be like themselues and they esteeme them to be of the same nature and disposition as they are Both the one and the others hatred may well be seene by that which Charles the fift said one day to the Colonell Ferras a Portugall who in the warres betweene the sayd Emperour and Francis the first King of France did serue on the French partie against the Imperialists The warres being ended and peace concluded betweene those two Princes the Portugall retyring himselfe into his countrey did passe by the way of Castile where he went to visit the said Charles the fift who knew him very well and did loue him for his valour and doing him great honour in his Court he stayed him there for certaine dayes with him during which time as hee was one day deuising with him very familiarly A speech of Charles the 5. to Captaine Ferras a
touching your incredulitie and the opinion which you haue that the loue of a mans countrey doth easily deceiue them and make the remedie of their miseries and seruitude to seeme easie surely wee may with good reason call this incredulitie a blind â—nueiglement and darknesse of vnderstanding and therefore I come once againe to say as I haue sayd and I doe againe and againe aduise you That to send a good and well conducted Armie into Spaine or other parts of his Dominions will be the onely meane to resist and withstand the enemie to breake the course of his designes to beat downe his pride and to destroy his puissance And albeit that this may well be granted to follow by that which hath beene aboue spoken yet I will proue it by one other example onely which being most true maketh very much to our intended purpose Henry Count of Trastamara The Histories of Castise Portugall England c. the bastard sonne of Alphonsus the Iusticier by the aide of the French had slaine the King Don Pedro his lawfull brother Of this Peter there remayned two daughters The youngest Isabel espoused Edmond de Langley the fifth sonne of Edward the third King of England This Edmond hauing gotten sundry victories in fauâ—ur of the Portugals who accompanied him against the Castillians in Spaine did manage those affaires with such prudence and wisdome that he constrayned the sayd Henry King of Castile to accept and receiue of Fernand King of Portugall who was in a manner brought to vtter destruction both he and his whole Realme such conditions of peace as were most ignominious and dishonourable and very preiudiciall both to himselfe his vassalls and subiects In regard of which his notable deedes and deserts the said Edmond was afterwards made Duke of Yorke by Richard the second King of England his Nephew the sonne of Edward the Blacke Prince his eldest brother in a Parliament holden at Westminster in the yere of Christ 1386. Of these two Edmond and Isabell descended the Queene of England likewise named Isabell The other daughter being the eldest of King Peter and called Constance espoused Iohn of Gaunt the fourth brother of the sayd Edmond both by father and mother and Duke of Lancaster by his first wife Blanche who had by him Henry the fourth afterwards King of England and two daughters of which the eldest Philip was Queene of Portugall the wife of Ivan the Bastard Of John of Gaunt and Constance was borne one onely daughter called Katherine of whom we shall hereafter make further mention The said John of Gaunt in regard of his wife Constance did entitle himselfe King of Castile and Leon Guaribay lib. 15. cap. 25. and for the obtayning of his right to that Kingdome hee passed from Gascoigne which was then vnder the Dominion of the English into Spaine with eighteene thousand footmen and two thousand horse where with the aide of the Portugals who were his good friends he tooke the Groigne From thence he went into Portugal out of which he entred into Castile marching euen to the Citie of Burgos which was distant from the place of his departure more then a hundred and twentie Leagues The entry and inuasion of the English with the Portugals into Castile And from the time of his first arriuall he tooke and made himselfe Lord of all the Cities Townes and Castles which hee found in his way besides such as being farther off did come to render and yeeld themselues for very feare and terror And he might easily haue passed on much further if his people had not died who by reason of their disorder which they kept and by their ill rule and demeaning of themselues were oppressed with extreame famine whereof ensued this plague and pestilence amongst them And they were reduced to such necessitie of Victuals The amitie of the French and English out of their owne Countreyes that they were constrayned to haue recourse euen to the Campe of their enemies where then was in fauour of the King Iohn of Castile Lewes Duke of Burbon accompanied with the French forces of whom they demaunded reliefe for the sustentation of their poore and wretched liues The which being perceiued by John the Bastard then elected King of Portugall he complayned to the Duke of Lancaster telling him that he held it not good nor conuenient that his souldiers should goe to entreat with the enemie affirming that these might more endomage him then the others and that therefore he should immediately recall them and forbid them to haue any communication conference or parley with any of the contrary party otherwise that hee would fight against them altogether The valour of Iohn the Bastard King of Portugall Thomas Walsingham and would cause them all to be put to the sword the one for the loue of the other Thomas Walsingham an English Historiographer doth set it downe in these very words and he sayth that the King of Portugall had then with him foure thousand Portugals well armed Some haue esteemed the saying of this Historiographer as very ridiculous or as a meere Brauado onely The valour of the Portugals but they are much deceiued for these foure thousand Portugals hauing their King for their Chiefetaine and Leader had beene sufficient to defeat twentie thousand Castillians The same King with fiue thousand An Historie worthie the marking and so many Portugals and a hundred and fiftie Englishmen did defeat the said Iohn King of Castile both of them being present in person in the battaile of Aljibarot and put him to flight hauing with him foure and thirtie thousand fighting men of the which died vpon the place twelue thousand and there were of prisoners ten thousand taken by foure thousand and so many Portugals and a thousand Englishmen who remained masters of the field for there died in the fight about a thousand Portugals and fiue hundred English who fought as if they had beene Lyons About the same time Don Nunalvres Pereira This Historie is well worthie the marking the battell was called the battel of Valverde Constable of Portugall with three thousand footmen and a thousand horse defeated fiue and twentie thousand Castillians and slew and tooke the principall and chiefe men of Castile The same King before that he came to reigne and afterwards had many victories vpon his enemies no lesse admirable then that other insomuch that a certaine Nobleman of Castile being in speech one day and deuising with his King which was the said John he sayd vnto him Sir I cannot conceiue the cause why the King of Portugall with so few men hath so often vanquished you seeing that you haue alwayes had fiue or six against one of them The King answered him The cause is for that the King of Portugall doth fight against me being accompanied with his children and I combat against him being accompanied with my subiects I am King and Lord of Castile and hee is King and Lord of the
officers of the said realme who would assist him doe their vttermost endeauors to serue him faithfully to the intent they might remaine in their countrey with their charges offices vnder the obeissance of a naturall king not of a Castilian And if the most excellent Duke of Lorraine were disposed to restore Arragon Valentia Catalonia c. he should haue an Admirall many officers of those realms to accompany him they would hold esteeme theÌ„selues for most happy fortunate to deliuer their cuntry froÌ„ the tyranny yoak of a stranger to redeliuer it to a naturall lawfull Prince If the Portugals likewise would determine and resolue themselues to choose by election as they haue right so to doe some Prince or some other of the people either white or negro for it is most certaine that to deliuer themselues of the tyranny of Philip they would be content to receiue to their King the meanest negro of Guinee if he be a Christian and will liue in the Realme with them they are fully perswaded and they haue reason that this would be a great help and furtherance to the accomplishment of their desires to finde for their defence and preseruation a Constable of Portugall a Marshall and Admirall and all other such like officers of the Realme and their records and writings done in their owne tongue the fashions of their garments and the surnames of their families Contrarywise if it be graunted and yeelded vnto Philip that he may once take vpon him this title of King of Spaine it is most certaine and sure that he will make onely one house royall of all Spaine with a Constable Marshall or Marshals and Admirall graund Maister great Chamberlaine maister of the Horse and all other such like officers of the Realme all which shall be called of Spaine generally and they will call themselues also by the name onely of Spaniards and so will vnite all of them into one onely bodie which will turne to the great dammage and preiudice of the particular states and kingdomes of Spaine and to the great profit and surety of Philip and his posteritie Full little do strangers know of what importance this matter is and thereof it commeth that they speake so fondly and foolishly when they talke thereof which is a thing greatly to be blamed and reprehended in them considering that it is against the law which sayth Inciuile est de re incognita iudicare that it is a great inciuility for any man to iudge of that which hee doth not vnderstand The nations of Spaine doe see very well what mischiefe this may bring vpon them and therefore they doe resist and withstand it with so great force and vehemencie The Castillian knoweth full well the great aduancement and assurance which would hereof ensue to his estate if he could reach so farre and that is the cause he is so earnest to get himselfe entitled king of Spaine He is as we haue before sayd very expert and well seene in histories as his predecessors were also before him and by reading of them he hath learned that this is the most easie meane and readie way to commaund peaceably and to gaine the affection of all the Spaniards Histories do shew vs Egbert king of West Saxonâ— in England how Egbert a valiant and magnanimous Prince being chosen king of the realme of West Saxons in great Brittaine which Realme contained the prouinces of Cornewall Deuon Sommerset Wiltshire Dorsetshire Hampshire and Barkeshire and trusting vpon his skill and knowledge in the art military which hee had learned in Fraunce vnder Charlemaigne where he had beene banished for many years he resolued to make himselfe King Lord of all great Brittaine leauing Scotland apart And beginning his enterprise he first subdued the prouince of Wales which is the strongest of all the rest After which he wanne the Realmes of Kent Mercia Northumberland and the Realme of the East Saxons called Essex Or rather North Saxon in Norfolke hauing gotten this prouince and those foure realmes Egbert seeing himselfe now Lord of fiue and that there now rested no more to conquer but the Realme of Sussex so called of the South Saxons and that of the East Saxons called East Anglia of whose forces he made no great reckening And bethinking with himselfe how he might assure and secure these dominions and Seigniories vnto himselfe he determined not onely to roote out and extinguish the name and memory of the Brittaines the ancient inhabitants of that I le but also gaine the good willes and affections of his subiects by a new name and so by that meanes to draw vnto himselfe the residue which remained yet vnconquered To this effect and purpose he ordained and appointed and by a perpetuall edict commaunded that from that day forwards all those seuen Realmes should bee named by one onely name England and that all the inhabitants should name themselues Englishmen Egbert the first king of England And by this meanes hee came readily and fully to the ende of his desire In imitation of this Egbert Fernand the second king of Arragon and the fift of that name king of Castile seeing himselfe Lord of the greatest part of Spaine and that there rested no more for him to gaine saue onely Nauarre and Portugall he employed all his forces and endeauours to obtaine from the Princes realmes and prouinces of Spaine that which they refused to wit that hee might entitle and write himselfe King of Spaine With the like ambition and desire Philip his great graund-child pretendeth that the Realmes of Spaine and now of late Portugall haue constantly resolutely denied him and which you doe giue him so readily and so liberally So that now I thinke you will perfectly vnderstand the cause wherefore Philip doeth write himselfe King of Castile and of Leon Castillians and Castilo what it meaneth New Castile all those kingdomes which the kings of Castile haue gotten from the Moores The particular names of the kingdomes of new Castile when they were recouered from the Moores Toledo first set at liberty anno 1086. c. For so the nations of Spaine and the Castillians themselues call him howbeit that you doe make a iest and toy of it not knowing how much it doeth import them so to do and therefore I hope that from henceforth you will by these instructions both know your owne ignorance and correct this your fault and ouersight We call them Castilians which are naturall and borne in the Realme of Castile and in those Realmes which the kings of Castile with the aide of the Kings of Nauarre Arragon and Portugall other Soueraigne Lords of Spaine haue gotten and wrested out of the hands and possession of the Moores all which Realmes wee name â—y one onely name new Castile Of these Realmes that which was the shortest time in the power and puissance of the Moores was the kingdome of Toledo which was restored to
and Cardinals page 74. That tyranny is as proper naturall to the Castilian as laughter is to a man and that all which he hath in any part of the world hath bin vsurped either by his predecessors or by himselfe vniustly and by plaine tyranny and that it is now a long time since the predecessors of Philip haue vsed to serue their turne by poysoning page 76. The hatred which the Ecclesiasticall and Regular persons of Portugall haue to Philip king of Castile page 85. The nature and disposition of the Portugals page 86. Iohn the second king of Portugall the scourge and chastiser of the Castilians page 87. That the realmes of Arragon of Valencia and the Countie of Barcelona other Seigniories do appertaine of right to the Duke of Loraine and how Fernand the great grandfather of Philip was one of the maisters of Machiauell page 88. The crueltie of Philip and how he maketh no exception of persons be it Pope Nuncio Bishop c. page 89. 91. That king Philip promised fourescore thousand Duckats to haue the king Don Anthonio killed page 95. The blindnesse and inueiglement of those who beeing the followers of king Philip doe excuse and defend him page 97. Good and wholesome counsell for subiects towards their Princes page 99. The great rents and reuenues which Philip draweth yearelie from the Churches of Castile page 101. The offer made by Philip to them of the pretended Reformed religion to cause them to make warre against the late King of Fraunce page 104. How greatly Philip hath pained himselfe to trouble the estate of the French king by the meanes of some of the chiefe heads both of the one religion and of the other page 105. The reason wherefore king Philip yeelded the citie of Arzil to Muley Hamet page 107. The great difference diuersity betweene the manners of Philip king of Castile and Anthonio king of Portugall page 107. The cause why Don Anthonio refused the meanes to recouer his realme of Portugall page 109. Offers made by king Philip to Don Anthonio page 109. The explication promised by the Author page 119. Of the prouerb Jf the Cockerell had not come the Cocke had bin taken page 119. Of Auila page 121. Of Simancas page 122. The iudgement giuen by the Lackeys against the Archbishop ef Toledo page 123. Of Gelorico page 124. Of the Castle of Coimbre page 125. Of the king of Castile page 126. Of Egbert the first king of England page 132. Of the Castilians and Castile page 132 The reason why Braga entitleth it selfe Primate of Spaine page 132. Toledo Cordua and other kingâ—â—mes of new Castile set at libertie and recouered from the Mores page 132. Of the Cities of Spaine page 134. Of the townes of Spaine page 135. THE SPANISH PILGRIME OR A ROMISH CATHOLICKES DISCOVERIE By way of exhortation Wherein is shewed by good and euident reasons infallible arguments most true and certain histories and notable examples the right way and true meanes to resist the violence of the Castilian King to breake the course of his designes to abate his pride and to ruinate his puissance MOst excellent Princes they which doe make profession of wrastling or of fencing doe principally studie how to discouer the trickes and deuises vsed by their aduersaries in these kindes of exercises for that hauing once marked and taken notice of the same they doe enter into the lists and present themselues in place and doe combat with so much the more hardinesse and assurance as hauing conceiued thereby a full and assured hope to ouercome their enemies and by giuing them the foyle to gaine the prize propounded for the victory In like manner ought we in all affaires diligently to search out the originall of euery thing that we may foresee and preuent all the inconueniences which may grow therein to the intent they may not endamage vs in the time to come afterwards Now that which we in this Treatise ought most curiously to put in practise is to know and discouer the reasons which haue moued Philip King of Castile to make warre in France with so great expence and charge of his treasure with so great losse of his people and with so great decrease and diminution of his dominions especially in the Low Countries If the most Christian King Henrie the third were liuing he could say as much as a certaine stranger his seruant comming from Spaine in the yeare 1583. in the moneth of May did giue him to vnderstand and that was that the sayd King Philip seeing how his most Christian Maiestie had permitted Monsieur de Shosse the County du Brissar The reasons that moued Philip king of Castile to stir vp warres in France what opinion he hath of the French nation and other Lords and Gentlemen to goe with an army by Sea to giue aide and succour to Don Anthony the true rightfull King of the Realms of Portugall who had beene elected King according to the custome of the Portugals by all the cities and townes of the sayd Realme and by many Prouinces and Signories out of Europe being dependants of the same Realme and Kingdome The said Philip did deliberate in a solemne set Councell to stirre vp and procure a ciuill warre in France saying the French nation is at this day of such a nature and likewise the English that they neuer thinke vpon the time to come nor care for any thing but for the present and that which they haue in hand as being more desirous to gaine day by day three or foure Crownes then to keep three or foure thousand already gotten so farre are they changed from their old and naturall disposition For in former times they had a desire to goe abroad out of their owne Counttey for the succouring of Kings and Princes afflicted despoyled of their Realms and Dominions and to make warre vpon the Infidels and to chastise tyrants whereas now their thoughts are quite cleane altered and they doe set their minds altogether to the gotting of money vâ—on any conditions whatsoeuer and they are now growne to be no lesse in loue with the lasciuiousnesse and delights of their owne country then they are in dislike with the sterility and extreame heat of Spaine other discommodities of this countrey and for this cause we shall the more easily perswade and induce them to make warre within their owne countries euen against their own brethren cousins parents and countrimen rather then abroade against their enemies And for this cause I will and am resolued to spend one million of gold the more yearely to the intent I may keepe and entertaine them alwayes in domesticall and ciuill warres So that being held occupied and hauing their hands full in their owne countrey they shall not be able to resolue to passe into the Realmes and dominions of any other And so by meanes hereof shall I be able easily to preserue the Realme of Portugall to my sefle with all that doth depend
vpon the countrey of the enemie and to see our owne flaming with fire and spoiled and ransackt by our enemies Moreouer he which assaulteth is more couragious then hee which is put to his defence adde hereunto that the feare and astonishment is much the more and greater where it is not foreseene and preuented Now as soone as a man entreth within the enemies countrie he shall soone take knowledge both of the good and euill that may befall him therein he shal quickly discouer the commodities or the discommodities of the country Liu. Dec. 4. lib. â— Saying of P. Sulpitius to the Romans Remember well that which P. Sulpitius saide vnto the Romans and take it to your selues as if he had spoken it vnto you to wit That they had had good experience by that which was past how their warres were alwaies more happy and fortunate and their armies much more puissant in the countrey of the enemie then in their owne Hearken to the counsell which Hanniball gaue vnto Antiochus Idem Decad. 4. lib. 4. and make your profit thereof better then he did Assure your selfe that the countrie of the enemy will yeeld you souldiers who desire their libertie and will furnish you with victualls and all commodities for your armie Let the faults and ouersights of others make you wise doe as Cyrus did who cast himselfe away by contemning the counsell of Croesus Herodotus and by not making any recknoning of Tomyris his enemie Halicar lib. 1. Take heede that you doe not incurre more blame in this behalfe then all others and it may bee more deseruedly because you haue euer and doe daily vse too too much to contemne and not to regard your enemie Certainly this is the first and principall cause of the ruine of all estates when they contemne and set not by their enemies and when they will not hearken to any thing that shall bee alledged to the contrary For the question is not now of entring into a forraigne countrey to subdue and conquer it or to get to bee Lord and Master of it but onely to restore vnto libertie so many peoples and nations who doe crie and call for aide vnder the yoke and burthen of this tyranny and to deliuer your owne subiects from the armes of the enemie who hath gotten footing in the best and goodliest prouince of your realmes and kingdomes If you doe not as I aduise you I feare me least to morrow they will take yet some other of your townes and the next day another and so afterwards at one blow will seize vpon all the rest Take heed therefore to that which I tel you I would not haue you for the assailing of your enemie to leaue your selues vndefended but that in doing of one thing you do not let passe another because 4. or 5. thousand men which you men of Guyen Languedock Dauphine and other prouinces will not bring you to any such want of men but that you may haue meanes enough to defend your selues both in Picardie and elsewhere Thirdly to depriue a king from his Crowne and scepter and to dispossesse him of his realmes and dominions Two things do soone depriue a Prince of his crowne and scepter crueltie and licencious liuing when he is a tirant cruell or of a wicked licentious and lewd life there needeth no great forces Two thousand men which Charles the 8. King of France gaue vnto Henrie Earle of Richmond his cousine german remoued for he was the grand child of Katherine sister of Charles the 7. his grandfather who had to her first husband Henrie the fifth king of England were sufficient for the said Earle passing ouer into England to gather together men enough to bid battel to Richard the third in the which Richard was defeated and slaine most shamefully The cronicles of England by reason of hir crueltie and tyrannie Peter king of Castile the sonne of Alphonse the Iusticier The histories of Spaine for his tyrannie and many cruelties which hee committed got the sirname of cruell and was for the same cause slaine by his brother Henrie the bastard The crueltie which Christierne the second of that name Many histories brother in law to Charles the fifth vsed towards the principall and chiefe Nobles of Swethland made him lose the said Realme and consequently also the kingdomes of Denmarke and Norwaie which he was rightfull king and Soueraigne The kingdome of Spaine was taken from the King Roderike a most loose and licentious Prince The common historie of Spaine onely by twelue thousand Moores whom the Earle Iulian Captaine of the towne of Septa procured from Vlit king of Barbarie who in the yeare 713. passing into Spaine in Marchants ships had for their Chiefe and Generall Tarif Abâ—n Zarca who being blind of one eye gaue the name vnto the Towne of Tarifa which was before called Carteya and hauing destroyed the Towne of Seuill did take and ruinate many others both iâ—â—he Prouince of Boetica and in Portugall and did ouerthrow in set battell a cousin of the sayd king Roderike which Roderike himselfe afterwards assembling his forces vpon the riuer of Guadelethe on the seuenth of Iuly or according to others on the seuenth of September in the yeare 724. did giue battell vnto the Moores in the which hee was ouercome and vanquished and immediatly after he lost almost all Spaine The wicked liâ— of this king was the onely cause of this losse and of the ruine of that kingdome and especially because he had dishonoured Caua the daughter of the sayd Earle Julian who vpon this occasion finding himselfe grieuously outraged gaue free entry vnto the Moores by that towne of Septa which is as it were the key of Affrike and Europe Besides he did serue for a guide vnto them in that their inuasion At which time the said Mores had very good and happy successe in their affaires in Spaine by reason that they found the people not vsed nor accustomed to the warres as they are not now at this day likewise Antiochus the Great for his dissolute disordinate life at such time as he should haue set Greece at libertie and haue made warre vpon the Romaines for the assurance security of his owne Empire was reduced to such termes that he saw himselfe constrained in the end to accept peace of them vpon such conditons as pleased them And retiring himselfe out of Europe and Asia he was glad to withdraw himselfe into a corner as their vassall and tributary The Annalls of France Childericke for his voluptuous liuing and for seeking nothing but for his owne pleasures lost the Crowne and kingdome of France By all which examples sufficing as well as 6000. moe may be seene how little strength and small forces there doe need to trouble and ruinate the enemy in in Spaine which hath not at any time induced nor had any Prince so tyrannous and cruell nor of such wicked and licentious liuing Fourthly
in all Europe Frier Ioseph Texere a Portugal his commendation and knowne of all the Princes of Christendome both Ecclesiasticall and secular and especially in France where the chiefest and greatest persons of the realme and all men of honour doe loue and gladly entertaine him for his honest conuersation faire conditions and singular doctrine be being a man the most accomplished in the knowledge of histories and in the genealogies of great personages of any liuing at this day as his workes and ordinarie communication doe sufficiently testifie J doe much wonder at the patience of this religious man who being so exquisitely seene and practised in histories so expert in matters of State and so iealous of his honour as we know him to be that he doth not set hand to his pen and write not onely against the errours and vntruthes of this Jew but euen against the Catholike Maiestie also seeing it was his Maiestie that caused this false and infamous booke of Censures whereof we speake to be made against him and he did auow the same by his priuiledge giuen thereunto in the yeare 1590. permitting the sayd Jew to imprint the sayd booke intreating of the Genealogie of the Kings of Portugall after he had translated it into the Castilian tongue out of another which he had formerly made in Latine by the commandement of the said King Catholike in the which booke the Jew did of set purpose forget to name and set downe amongst them that died Don Emanuel de Meneses otherwise de Almada Bishop of Coimbre and another Bishop Don Aires de Silua Bishop of the Citie of Port and cousen german to the Regedour of Portugall which is a dignitie representing throughout all that Kingdome the person of the King in all causes of Iustice both ciuill and criminall both which Bishops were issued of the royall House of Portugall so were also the Baron of Portugall and the County de Prado with his eldest sonne besides some other Lords and Princes neere kinsmen vnto the Kings of Spaine The residue of them which remained vnslaine in Barbarie the Castilian with gifts and faire promises had so corrupted that they desired nothing more then to deliuer vp the Realme vnto him The chiefe force of Portugall wherein it consisteth The Knights of the Launce which are those whom we in France call Esquiers and in whom consisteth the greatest force of Portugall did in a manner stand still looking on not hauing any other commandement The negligence of the king Don Anthonio and his counsell which was long of the negligence of the King Anthonio and his Councell who did alwayes shew themselues very vnresolute and inconstant in the administration of their affaires by meanes whereof the Realme of Portugall is fallen into this so piteous and miserable estate not knowing how to recouer her former liberty there was none that had any faithfull affection or desire to oppose themselues against the enemy saue onely the Ecclesiasticall and Regular persons and some few of the nobility And though the people who were both without experience and without armes were likewise of the same affection yet had the Castilian by his policy and fraudulent deuices drawne them into his power by giuing out a false bruit and report that the Souldiers which did then leuy and assemble in Castile were onely to passe into Affricke against the Infidels for to reuenge the death of his Nephew Don Sebastian which notwithstanding were in very deed for Portugall as the successe did make manifest for hee began to make those his preparations for that attempt as soone as the King Don Sebastian did beginne to make prouision for his voyage to whom he hauing promised fiue thousand Souldiers and fifty Gallies when it came to the issue that hee should haue had them Conestagio l. 1. fol. 18. pa. 1. he vtterly refused to giue him any to the intent he might the sooner attaine to that hee desired And besides falling to an accord and agreement with Muley Maluco hee promised in the treaty made with him that he would abandon the poore King of Portugall The Castilian king accordeth with an infidel and to that effect did the Mooâ—e promise him certaine Townes in Barbary which he had before offered to the said Sebastian vpon condition hee should not giue any aide or succours to Mahumet Xeriffe But that Prince would not accept them saying that hee had passed his word to the said Xeriffe to helpe him Surely Sebastian was more true of his promise then his Vncle Philip who to compasse his affaires the beteer and to get that into his hands which he had of a long time most ardently desired did assure his owne doings by the breach of his conscience The Infidelity of the Castillian King his faith and his promise in refusing to giue those succours which hee had promised vnto Sebastian and more then that in commanding by a publike Edict or Proclamation that none of his Subiects should follow him nor serue vnder him in that voyage And this doth Conestagio giue vs euidently to vnderstand in his second Booke Conestagio lib. 2. fol. 34. pag. 1. where hee saith At that time there arriued in the Campe the Captaine Francisco de Aldana who had promised the King Sebastian to serue him in that iourney who to that effect had gotten leaue and licence of the King Catholike which no other could obtaine of him The Translator Conestagio writeth that Philip meeting with Sebastian at our Lady de Guadelupe Idem lib. 1. fol. 14. pag. 2. did not disswade him from the enterprise of Barbary but onely that hee should not goe thither in person for Philip knowing the generosity of this young Prince saw very well that if he did once vndertake this voyage there would nothing hinder him but that himselfe would goe in proper person and therefore to the intent he might conceale his ill intent and so excuse himselfe to the World hee did in shew discounsell him from going but not from vndertaking of the enterprise It seemeth that his Sorcerers by the meanes of the Diuell who is very skilfull in coniectures had prognosticated vnto him the losse and ouerthrow of the Christians Thus you may see how euen before the departure of this poore Prince he did then prepare himselfe to swallow vp and deuoure that morsell which hee so much esteemeth and loueth and for preseruation whereof he is at great costs and expences The Castilian to keepe Portugall to himselfe doth worke many mischiefes to all Christendome and feareth not to worke exceeding great mischiefes vnto all Christendome and to make peace with the Infidels to the intent hee may the more commodiously make warre vpon the Christian in so much that hee doth euen now triumph in the good successe which the Turke hath against them His reason is because seeing how the Popes holinesse hath embraced and receiued to fauour the most Christian King whose ruine he desired more
fiue thousand Marauedis which was at that time no small reuenue in comparison of that it is at this pay being about 12 duckats and a halfe allowing 400 Marauedis to each duckat and gratified him with sundry other gifts and great honours Fernand wrote vnto Jsabel the successe of this battell giuing her to vnderstand that if the Prince had not come the King his Father had beene taken Whereupon he returned him this answer that if the Cockerell had not come the Cocke had beene taken and hereof came that prouerbe which wee told you Guaribay sâ—tteth downe these last words and confesseth the very truth Neuerthelesse touching the residue of the History he reporteth a thousand vntruths which may be verified by the History which Damian de Goyes hath written of this Prince Don Juan in the which he saith Damianus de Goyes in the life of the Prince Don Iuan. that the Prince would haue kept and remained in the field where the battell was foughten by the space of three dayes if the Archbishop of Toledo had not disswaded him who with great instance and earnest entreaty caused him to retire into the City because the weather was extreame cold and his men were sore trauelled and wearied and had beene ouer-watched for want of sleepe And he said vnto him Sir your Highnesse hath kept the Field long enough these three houres you haue staied here are as good as three dayes and one houre is as much as three Some write that in memory of this victory King Edward the fourth of England sent vnto this Prince the order of the Garter And the Castillians had such ill successe continually against the Portugals that to grace themselues because the King Alphonso was defeated and forsooke the field though his sonne held the field and remained vanquisher yet they shame not to attribute vnto themselues the honour and victory of this battell Alphonsus Raymond the onely sonne of Vrraca the daughter of Alphonsus the sixt surnamed the Emperor was borne in Auila Auila a City of Castile and was nourished and kept by them of the City during the raigne of Alphonsus King of Aragon called the warriour together with his wife Vrraca Queene of Castile Mother of the said Raymond Now there were great reuolts and troubles in Castile in the which they of Auila following the party of Raymond against the said Alphonsus his Father in Law did so much that the Father in Law was dispossessed of the gouernment and the Sonne in Law was installed in the siege royall And for this cause this word hath passed for a common prouerbe The fidelity of Auila and Auila is for the King Simancas Touching Simancas you are to vnderstand that in the yeere 1463 Henry the 4 raigning in Castile at the perswasion of some of the Princes many other Cities and Townes did reuolt from him and grew into a rebellion which they called The league of the Princes and they entituled themselues Princes of the League And in imitation hereof did Philip King of Castile in the yeere 1582 baptize the League which hath beene the occasion of so many mischiefes and afflictions of which Fraunce hath especially tasted and had experience for these nine yeeres last past This is that League which hath wrought so great damage to the Church of Rome and hath so ruinated and pulled it downe as it shall neede many hundreds of yeeres to restore it againe But to our matter in processe of time the Souldiers of the Kings Army being greatly augmented and their puissance much increased they came to the City of Toro and the King hauing aduertisement that they of the League were issued out of Valladolid and that hauing broken downe and razed the walles of Begnafleur they were gone to Simancas he sent presently Iohn Hernandes Galiude his Captaine Generall with 3000 Horses for the succours of the Towne which being entred into Simancas were besieged by them of the League who notwithstanding were more afraid then those whom they had besieged The Lackies within the Towne who shewed themselues to be of a wonderfull good courage hauing assembled themselues one day in a great number and mocking those that had besieged them did make a picture which represented the Archbishop of Toledo whom because he was a Rebell against his King and Lord they called Don Opas the brother of the Count Iulian who caused the Moores to enter into Spaine against the King Rodericke After which one of the Lackies being appointed for a Iudge Iudgement giuen by the Lackies against the Archbishop of Toledo sate himselfe downe on the iudgement seat commanding the prisoner to be brought before him which was the picture of the Archbishop and he gaue iudgement vpon him in this manner For as much as Don Alphonso Carillo Archbishop of Toledo Guar. lib. 17. cap. 14. following the steppes of the Bishop Don Opas the destroyer of Spaine hath beene a Traytor to his King and naturall Lord rebelling against him with his places and Fortresses and with the money which he put into his hands to doe him seruice For these causes hauing seene and considered of his deserts by his triall wherein hath appeared his wicked practises and felonious offences we doe therefore condemne him to be burned and that he be first trayled and drawne through the streetes and publike places of Simancas and that in the execution thereof the common cryer shall cry and proclaime with a loud voice This is the iustice commanded to be done namely that this cruell Don Opas shall be burnt for his offence and trespasse because hauing receiued diuers places fortresses and monies of his King hee hath notwithstanding reuolted and rebelled against him Quien tal haze que tal pague That is to say So doe so haue The iudgement being pronounced another Lackey taking the picture between his armes with an open cry threw it forth of the Towne hauing in his company more then three hundred Lackies and immediately two of their company made a great fire to burne it not farre from the campe of the enemy who looked on whilest they were doing of it and whilest the picture was in burning all the Lackies together with open throat cryed and sang Esta es Simancas Don Opas Trahidor Y no Penaflor Which is to say This is Simancas Don Opas O thou Traitour And not Pegnastor With many other speeches to that purpose Which song of theirs was for a long time after vsed in Castile and was commonly sung both in the Court and throughout all that Realme Celorico After that the Portugals had deposed Don Sancho surnamed Capelo from his Realme and Kingdome Don Alphonso his brother who was then County of Bologne vpon the Sea was chosen Gouernour of Portugall by the same Portugals This election which they made together with the deposition of the said Sancho was approued and confirmed by Pope Innocent the 4 in a Councell held at Lyons which was the cause that the said Alphonso went
your Maiestie to a gentleman who had the managing of this businesse and had made an ouerture thereof vnto you did gaine you the affections of all good Frenchmen who did thereupon imprint you in their hearts and much more when it was knowne that your Maiestie had aduertised the most Christian king of the same in the year 1583 Insomuch that his Maiesty did permit you the yeare following 1584. to make an assembly of the chiefe Heads and Lords of the religion at Mountaban where it was well knowne that your Maiesty did sharply reproue those which had plotted these troublesome practises and others which were seene afterwards to bee set abroach by the enemy in the yeare 1585. And that your Maiestie did then make an accord reciprocally neither to enterprise nor to deliberate vpon any thing the one against the other And it was reported that all the pretended reformed Churches in this assembly did require your Maiestie for their Chiefe and secondly Monsieur the Prince of Conde and that all this was done by the permission of the said most Christian King who did greatly repent himselfe that hee had let passe the oportunitie to giue aid and succours to the late king of Portugall for the recouerie of his Realme as himselfe declared to that stranger aboue mentioned being at Bloys in the yeere 1589. At which time he complained of the tyrannie and irreligion of Philip and sent him into England there to entreat vpon his affaires with the Queene and the King of Portugall vnto whom hee promised that the first thing which he would doe after he had recouered Paris should be to send an armie into Portugall and to make warre vpon the enemie within his owne countrey and to constraine him to demand peace as the English with the aid of the Portugals had at other times constrained his predecessors to doe the like And in case that the said King of Portugal did and should vndertake the Voyage as it was giuen him to vnderstand that he was so resolued he prayed him that so soone as he should be arriued thither he would aduertise him hereof to the intent The desire that the Frēch K. Henry the third had to restore Portugall to her libertie that immediately vpon his comming into Portugall or any other part of Spaine if he had but two thousand men yet hee would send them away with all speed because he knew full well and was most assured that if the enemie were once entangled in Spaine and kept busied at home hee should soone be rid of him in France as the euent did make it manifest For as soone as the newes came that the King of Portugall was at Lisbon the most Christian King for the accomplishing of his promise commanded the late Monsieur the Marshall de Biron that he should put himselfe in a readinesse to passe into Portugall with as great speed and diligence as was possible for to succour the Portugals and to giue aide to their rightfull King Don Anthonio to reestablish him in his Kingdome But God which with a iust and equall ballance doth weigh and examine all things did display his wondrous workes where and when it pleased him Portugall the gate of the war in France Hereof then we doe gather two things the first That the enemie to keepe Portugall hath brought and caused the ciuill Warre in France the second That our deliuerance and his ruine doe depend vpon this That there be sent a good army into Spaine whereof he is exceedingly afraid Wherefore most excellent Princes to deliuer your estates from the danger that threateneth them and to set them in assurance you ought to vndertake and to enterprise this Voyage so importune and so necessarie for all Christendome without hauing any regard to the charge thereof be it neuer so great considering that in not doing it and that presently you shall euery day more and more in time to come bring your selues into hazard and extreame danger Take example by the times fore-past and looke vpon the instructions contayned in Histories written by men no lesse curious then vigilant and well affectioned to the weale publike and in reading and vnderstanding them make your owne profit and benefit of them Agathocles after he had beene about seuen yeeres King of Sicily being enuironed both by Land and by Sea within the Citie of Syracusa by the Carthaginians and finding himselfe in great trouble and perplexitie How important a thing it is to make war vpon an enemy in his owne Countrey as being lately forsaken of many people of his owne Realme who had at the first beene partakers with him and perceiuing also that he wanted both victuals money and other necessarie munitions for the warre and that it was not possible for him to escape out of the hands of the Carthaginians if he did not vse some draught or deuice which had not erst beene put in practise He did at the last leaue within the Towne a brother of his owne to whom hee committed the commaund and charge thereof and left with him for the defence thereof a certaine number of men whom he knew to be well affected vnto him and taking with himselfe certaine other troopes he embarked them vnknowne to any whither hee went and setting sayle to Africke hee there landed where hee warred so couragiously vpon the Carthaginians as if they had beene but his equals And hauing at the first beginning defeated certaine of their Captaines that came against him he ouer-ran harried and wasted all their Countrey hee burnt and ransacked all their Townes Villages and houses of pleasure round about Carthage After which victorie and good fortune with a certaine number of souldiers Bandoliers and aduenturers which came and ioyned themselues with him a thing vsuall and ordinarie in such tumultuous and troublesome times he encamped within a League of Carthage By this stratageme his affaires did not onely prosper in Africke but throughout all Sicily also for Antander so was his brother named being certified of the good successe of Agathocles tooke courage vnto him and sallying out of Syracusa vpon the Carthaginians that besieged him hee woon their trenches and hauing slaine a great number of them hee made such hauocke amongst them that this their ouerthrow and the victories of Africke being spread abroad and reported from thenceforth all the strong-holds and places of Sicily that before held with the Carthaginians did then reuolt from them This was about 314. yeres before the birth of Christ and did altogether abandon them which was the occasion also that Agathocles returning victorious into Sicily did all the rest of his life time afterwards enioy it quietly and peaceably After the death of Agathocles and his partizans the Signiorie of Carthage continued the Warre for the Conquest of Sicilia in such sort that in the end they carryed it and held the whole Island in their possession which was about 277. yeeres before the birth of Christ Whereupon the Romanes considering of
then his owne proper safety and that the Princes of Italy doe seeke his friendship and amity which I hope they will doe continually in regard of the publike good that may ensue thereby he iudgeth and not amisse that it may turne to his domage and detriment and that it may be an occasion to breake off the course of his great designes and enterprises Viz. The House of Austria which is indamaged by the Turke For this cause doth hee reioyce at the losses and misaduentures of the Christians notwithstanding that the mischiefe doe light vpon his owne flesh and bloud in so much that the prosperity of the Infidels maketh him the more proud and haughty And this is it that hath made him so hardy The Embassador of Venice ill intreated by the Castillian as to giue ill entreatie to the Embassadour of Venice if it be true that is reported if hee be not hindred ere long hee will giue worse entertainment to all other without any exception of persons Hee thinketh that Almaine and Italie especially in their afflictions and troubles will haue need of his helpe and assistance by reason whereof he is perswaded that they will not resolue themselues to follow and fauour the partie of the most Christian king by meanes whereof hee shall bee well able to effect his affaires in France If hee had beene disposed to hinder the Turke from making warre in Europe hee might very well haue done it by molesting and disquieting him in the East Indies as the true and lawfull kings of Portugall haue done Hee needed haue done no more but haue ioyned with Xatama the great King of Persia the friend of the Portugals for to keepe the Turke in awe and within compasse Infinite are the praises wherewith Historiographers haue celebrated the victory which D. Stephen de Gama a Portugall The victorie of Stephen de Gama against the Turkes Gouernour of the East Indies did obtaine against the Turke vpon whom hee made warre for that effect and purpose This battell was fought at the foot of Mount Synay Gama made many knights at the foote of Mount Sinay after which the said Gama made many Portugals knights for bearing themselues valiantly in that battell amongst the which there were two of speciall marke who being issued of noble parents did leaue behind them an immortall memorie of their honour and glorie The one of them was called Don Juan de Castre The victory of Don Iohn de Castre who afterwards being Viceroy of the said East Indies did get that famous victory which you may read of in the life of the king Don Emanuel in the which with lesse then foure thousand Portugals he defeated an infinite number of enemies and put to flight Moiecatan Constable of Cambaia who being sent by the king Mamud his Lord and maister with foureteene thousand men to succour the citie of Diu which held the Portugals besieged within the Castle he was constrained to leaue 300. of his men dead vpon the place hauing lost the Guydon royall with all their baggage Iuzarcan the yonger a great Lord in those parts was taken prisoner and Raman the Gouernour of the said citie which was great goodly and populous was there slaine and the Portugals made themselues absolute Lords of the citie Of this valorous Captaine Don Iuan de Castre who is now at this present in France is the grand child and he also hath beene as faithfull to his king and countrey as the said Don Iuan his grandfather The other of those two knights was called Don Lewes de Altaida Don Lewes de Altayda afterwards Countie of Aâ—ouguia who being in Almaign at the battle which the Imperialists gaue to the Duke of Saxonie and the Princes of his partie Anno Dom. 1548. 24. Aprill Charles the fift did him great honour by reason he surmounted all the rest in that iourney and recouered the imperiall Guydon which the enemies had once gained in so much that the Emperour gaue him all the honour of this victorie according as himselfe wrote vnto Don Juan the third king of Portugall his brother in law Don Lewes de Altaida Gouernour of the East Indies the first time and cousen German who had sent him thither for his Embassador and this noble man was twice Viceroy of the East Indies First in the life time of Don Sebastian at which time hee defended it against all the forces of Asia both Moores and Paynims had made a league against the Portugals who both by defending themselues an assailing of their enemies did purchase perpetuall and immortall glory Don Lewes Viceroy the second time Afterwards being made Viceroy the second time after the death of the King Sebastian during the raigne of King Henry and knowing that the people of Portugall had chosen and appointed certaine Gouernours to gouern and defend the realme after the death of the said Henry and that they had named ceâ—taine Iudges also to decide the cause touching the difference vpon the succession of that kingdome he said openly I for my part will not yeeld vp the Indies to any other His saying touching the possession of Portugall and the East Indies then to whom the Realme of Portugall shall be adiudged Insomuch as some say that they which followed the partie of the Castilian knowing well that the Iudge would neuer admit him to the succession of Portugall and being drawne on by the counsell perswasions and faire promises of the Castilian himselfe which were sent vnto them ouer land adde hereunto the notable diligence and industrie which he vseth in all his affaires They caused the said Lewes to bee made away with poyson so died that valiant and faithfull Portugall Don Lewes de Alcaida poysoned and there succeeded him in that gouernment a most vngratefull and notable Traitour who presently after deliuered vp the Indies to the enemy To the intent the happy memory of Don Stephan de Gama might be preserued there is an Epitaph set in a Pallace builded by Gama himselfe after his returne from the Indies neere to the towne of Setuval in Portugall which in the Portugall language though somewhat glossely is thus written Quem Cauelleyros armou O pé do monte Sinay Stephan de Gama his Epitaph Vâ—io acabar aquy That is to say He which made so many Knights At the foot of Mount Sinay Here as you see now doth he lie But to our purpose At this day Philip hath more force more puissance and many more commodities to hinder the Turke on that side of the East Indies from making warres in Europe then all the other kings of Portugall haue had heretofore Howbeit as that is not the way to aduance his ambitious desires so cannot he abide in any case to heare thereof For though it were a good deede and well done yet it will not be any helpe vnto him towards the preseruation of this his Monarchy of Portugall which he hath vsurped with so many
rendered the City of Arzile to Muley Hamet King of Marocco against the will and liking of the Portugals which did inhabit it who had bound themselues without his aide to defend it It was supposed by all the Christians that Philip surrendered the City because hee was assured that hee should not be able to defend it against the puissance of Infidels for so did he himselfe cause it to be giuen out saying The reason why Philip rendred that City of Arzil to Muley Hamet That it was a lesse mischiefe to render it without hazarding the liues and goods of the Inhabitants then by keeping it to put them all in daunger But therein hee abused them most maliciously for the true cause why this good Catholike rendered this City of Christians vnto the Moores was because he had promised it vnto their King vpon condition he should not lend two hundred thousand Crownes to Don Anthonio his cousin german King of Portugall The which summe the Moore had before promised to lend him at the intercession of England and for this reason had the said Don Anthonio sent his sonne Don Christopher to Marocco to be there in hostage for the said summe of money who remained there by the space of foure yeeres You see now what a good and Catholike Christian deede this man did whom you doe so defend for a most singular Christian and Catholike who to hinder a King a farre better Catholike then himselfe from recouering of his owne doth not onely tyrannically detaine anothers right but doth make it away from Christians to giue it vnto Infidels What answer doe you make hereunto I make your selues the Iudges wherefore then will you not acknowledge the irreligion of this man to whom you are so affectionate and the great malice and peruersenesse of him whom you loue so well Consider and know that you are taken and bound with a grosse chaine Psalme 41. and that abissus abissum inuocat One depth calleth another And I say to you one fault draweth on an hundred thousand after it Of the maintaining and defending of an euill and wicked man ensueth commonly a sinister and peruerse iudgement of them which are good This was well seene to be true and verified in the life time of Don Anthonio and is yet still euen at this day It is a shame to heare the abhominations which the fauourers of this pretended King Catholike haue heretofore spoken and giuen out and doe not yet cease to speake of this poore Prince deceased Some call him rebell others terme him a runni-gate and a fugitiue from place to place and from Countrey to Countrey and some others call him a seditious person an enemy to Christendome an Infidell and an hereticke Can there be any thing more grieuous more sensible more vniust and more vnworthy of a Christian How dare you against all Lawes both diuine and humane handle and vse so ill a Prince the sonne of the greatest Prince of his age the graund-child of that great Emanuel from whom the Princes of Europe doe glory to draw their descent and originall a Prince sore pressed and turmoyled with afflictions trouble and perplexity He hath well shewed euen in his exile and banishment that he was a better Catholike then your Philip his cousin lesse ambitious without choller without hatred and full of charity For if he would haue beene content to recouer his Realme of Portugall with more honourable meanes then your tyrant hath tyrannized ouer it and doth yet tyrannously detaine it hee might well haue done it If he would haue accorded that the English should haue had exercise of their Religion in Portugall onely within their owne Houses and lodgings the Earle of Leicester whom some call the Count of Lest would haue vndertaken to set him againe in possession of his Realmes and Seigniories In the yeere one thousand fiue hundred eighty nine when hee passed into Portugall with the English amongst other Articles of agreement made betweene them there was no other thing granted nor yeelded vnto them but onely a licence or liberty for them to liue in Portugall without being bound or compelled by the Ecclesiasticall Prelates to repaire to the Churches to the seruice and exercise of the Catholikes And in the same manner as the Queene of England did then entertaine the straungers Catholickes inhabiting within her Realme of England euen so did hee accord and ordaine that the English should finde the like vsage and entertainement in Portugall And it may be that if he would haue enlarged their libertie in this respect the English would againe haue enforced their aboade in that Countrey But he proceeded so like a Catholicke with them that they had a kinde of distrust and tooke occasion to suspect him The king of Marocco at this day now raigning of whom wee haue lately spoken sent an Embassadour into England to intreat him touching the deliuering of Portugall from her tyranny offering him to make present payment of 100 thousand Crownes at London for the prouyding of 100 sayle of shipps to passe into Barbary from whence he promised to embarke and to passe with him in person and also to set at liberty about seuen or eight thousand Portugalls whom he held in captiuity and which were good souldiers and with them and the principall horse of Barbary to take land and set foote in Spaine and to put him in possession of his Realme But Don Anthonio would not accept those his offers because hee would giue no occasion to the Moores namely those Moores that are baptized and liue as Christians in Arragon Valentia Murcia The cause why Don Anthonio refused the meanes to recouer his Realme and other quarters of Spaine where the Moore did assure himselfe to finde 60 thousand men at his deuotion there to rebell and to worke the misery and calamity of the Christians This was a more daungerous matter and would haue beene more burthensome and chargeable to King Pbilip then to the King Don Anthonio with whome Muley Hamet desired to haue made a peace very beneficiall and aduantageous to the Realmes of Portugall but Don Anthonio refused all onely mooued thereunto of a godly Catholicke zeale Now shew me my Masters where or when your Don Philip euer did as much He hath made great promises to Don Anthonio to the intent he might cause him to renounce his right which he had in Portugall by reason of his election He offered to make him Viceroy of Naples Offers of king Philip to Don Anthonio with 400 thousand Crownes of yearely rent and the collation of the officers and benefices of that kingdome Moreruer he would haue giuen him 500 thousand Crownes to pay his debts and to defray the charge of going to take that Gouernement vpon him And that hee would bee bound to restore all those Portugals to their former estates whose goods he had taken and confiscated for following of his partie And that hee would aduaunce and recompence such as did serue and attend
libertie by Alphonsus the 6 called the Emperour in the yeare 1086 hauing bin left vnto them when Spaine was lost by King Roderick in the yeare 714 so that by this account Toledo the chiefe and metropolitan City of Spaine The reason wherefore Braga entitleth her selfe Primate of Spaine was in the possession of the Infidels by the space of 372 yeeres For this cause the City of Braga in Portugall Metropolitan of the Realme of Galicia and hauing beene alwayes maintained against the Moores by the Portugals the Inhabitants thereof who at the time when they builded it were called Galli Bracchati and where there haue beene Bishops successiuely from the beginning of the primitiue Church euen till this time did heretofore obtaine the primacy of Spaine and shee doth yet so entitle her selfe against the consent and liking of the Church of Toledo which after it came to be restored to her liberty did againe begin to reuiue and take her former title and the Archbishops of those places doe yet at this day dispute and contend whether of them should haue the preheminence Cordua was in the power of the Moores by the space of 522 yeeres for it was restored in the yeere 1236 Cordua 2. the 29 of Iune on the Feast of the Apostles S. Peter and S. Paul Murcia was in their possession by the space of 527 yeers Murcia 3. Vniuersity of Salamancha founded Anno 2141. Iaen 4. For it was recouered in the yeere 1241 on which yeere also the Vniuersity of Salamanca was founded Iaen was vnder the Moores 529 yeeres and was restored in the yeere 1243. Seuill hauing beene held by them for the space of 535 yeeres was set at liberty in the yeere 1248. Seuil 5. Calis was vnder their commaund by the space of 555 yeeres and was reestablished in the yeere 1269 Calis 6. in the time of Jacob Aben Juceph King of Marocco Algizira hauing beene in their subiection for 630 yeeres Algizira 7. was deliuered in the yeere 1344. For the recouery of this City the people of the Realmes of Castile and of Leon did grant and accord to giue vnto the King Alphonsus the Iusticier as long as the siege should endure the tribute which is called Alcâ vala which is a shilling vpon the pound of all the Merchandize which should be sold The which tribute Alphonsus most vniustly and ambitiously against the will of those peoples did exact as long as he liued In so much as the kings his successors haue not onely euer since continued it but they haue also augmented it and they make them pay at this day one vpon ten Gibraltar 8. Gibraltar was held by the Moores for 748 yeares and was recouered in the yeare 1462. Malega 9. Malega was vnder them 773 yeares and was reconquered in the yeare 1487. Granada was regained in the yeare 1492 and was the last citie and realme taken from the Mores Granada 10. who had enioyed it the space of 778. This being knowne it is no maruell as I haue written in this Treatise that the Castilians are descended of the Mores and Iewes for these two peoples liue mingled pell mell together and that the pronunciation of their language is after the Morish fashion seeing that the Mores haue inhabited in that countrie so many hundred of yeares and doe yet at this present possesse and occupie a great part of Castile Cities the meaning thereof Cities in Spaine are those peoples wherein Bishops Seas are established These bee also some cities which by particular priuiledge albeit they bee not Metropolitanes nor heads of Bishoprickes doe vse this title and prerogatiue howbeit there bee very few of them Betweene a Citie and a Towne there is a great difference aswell in authoritie as in prerogatiues honours and priuiledges In Cities there are commonly Corrigidores specially in Portugall who may be resembled to the Pretours and Gouernours of the auncient Romanes which gouerned the prouinces One citie hath many townes peoples and villages which are subiects vnto it aswell in temporall as spirituall matters In such sort that the cities are as the heads and the townes as the members For this cause when there happeneth any great affaires or common reuolt in Spaine the townes do alwayes follow the party of that city whereunto they are dependant And to reduce any people into a citie the antiquitie of the place is more required then the greatnesse of it There be many Cities which are but meanely peopled and Townes which are full and thicke of people Valladolid Medina del Campo Madril and Caceles in Castile Santaren Abrantes Setuuall and Oliuenea in Portugall are very great Townes and notably well peopled and yet they surpasse in greatnesse many of the Cities neuerthelesse they are not for all that endowed with all these prerogatiues neither are they called Cities Valladolid and Santaren are so full of people that when in Spaine we make comparison of the greatnesse of Cities and of Townes we say Ciudad par ciudad Lisbona en Portugal Villa par villa Valladolid en Castilla si quieres otra tal busca Sentaren en Portugal that is to say City for City Lisbon in Portugall Towne for Towne Valladolid in Castile if you will find any other the like seeke Santaren in Portugall It is not many yeeres since that King Philip hath honoured the said Towne of Valâ—adolid with the title of a City Valladolid made a City and Bishops Sea by K. Philip and hath made it an Episcopall Sea and that was both because Valladolid was wonderfull well peopled as hath beene said as also because it is one of the most noble and chiefest Townes of Castile full of gâ—eat and rich buildings Churches King Philip borne in Valladolid The time of his natiuity Monasteries Colledges principall Houses and generall Studies and also because his Maiesty was borne in that Towne the 22 day of May 1527 on a Tuesday about foure houres after noone The Townes in Spaine are best peopled Townes in Spaine which they be which haue within their limits and territories many Villages hamlets and Houses and haue their iurisdiction limited and subiected to the Cities True it is that there be some Townes which are the heads of Baylife-wikes and gouernements as in Portugall the Towne of Santaren of the which wee spake before and the Towne of Tomar which hath 42 Townes depending of her iurisdiction These two Townes in Portugall doe precede and haue the preheminence of the place before many Cities in the publike Assemblies of the Estates of that Kingdome The Towne of Santaren precedeth and goeth before 13 Cities and is preceeded onely of foure to wit Lisbon Coimbiâ— Ebora and Puerto which in Latine is called Ciuitas Portugallensis Santaren in the time of the Romanes was called Julium Praesidium and was a Court Royall or as they call it in Fraunce a Court of Parliament and was a Colonie of the Romanes Tomar also at the same time was called Nabantia and was an ancient City Now I suppose that I haue sufficiently performed my promise and satisfied your desire and so fare you well FINIS