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which_o you_o cite_v which_o tho_o say_v to_o be_v
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be_v right_a but_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o general_n may_v appear_v by_o those_o memorial_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o of_o such_o common_a council_n or_o synod_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o our_o first_o norman_a king_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n l._n in_o who_o 14_o the_o year_n 1077._o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n be_v confirm_v by_o that_o king_n in_o a_o common_a council_n as_o well_o of_o all_o the_o clergy_n as_o laity_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o a_o charter_n still_o to_o be_v sound_a at_o large_a in_o the_o old_a chartulary_a of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n 3._o now_o in_o the_o corronian_a library_n collect_v by_o sulcardus_n a_o ancient_a monk_n of_o that_o abbey_n the_o conclusion_n of_o which_o charter_n of_o privilege_n make_v it_o very_o plain_a of_o what_o member_n this_o council_n than_o consist_v and_o who_o give_v their_o consent_n 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terrarum_fw-la possessionum_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la modis_fw-la quibus_fw-la potuerint_fw-la donec_fw-la fuerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la secundum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la eorum_fw-la salva_fw-la persona_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o reginâ—e_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o liberorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la â—uerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la intendent_a nobis_fw-la sient_fw-la prius_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o in_o the_o judgement_n even_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o they_o may_v free_o resist_v and_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o till_o he_o make_v good_a every_o article_n of_o these_o charter_n if_o violate_v and_o be_v not_o to_o return_v to_o their_o obedience_n till_o it_o be_v amend_v and_o the_o like_a clause_n almost_o word_n for_o word_n be_v also_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n publish_v in_o mat._n paris_n 261._o m._n i_o grant_v the_o clause_n be_v there_o as_o
you_o quote_v it_o yet_o i_o much_o doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v of_o any_o validity_n be_v no_o doubt_n draw_v up_o by_o the_o baron_n then_o in_o arm_n and_o which_o the_o king_n dare_v not_o at_o that_o time_n refuse_v and_o so_o he_o be_v indeed_o under_o a_o kind_n of_o duress_n when_o he_o do_v it_o and_o beside_o pray_v mark_v the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o clause_n this_o resistance_n be_v to_o be_v salva_n persona_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o reginae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la &_o liberorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la cum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la emendatum_fw-la intendent_a nos_fw-la sicut_fw-la prius_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la now_o how_o this_o security_n here_o reserve_v for_o the_o king_n person_n can_v consist_v with_o that_o open_a war_n the_o baron_n make_v afterward_o against_o his_o very_a person_n and_o cast_v off_o all_o their_o allegiance_n to_o their_o natural_a prince_n and_o call_v in_o prince_n lewis_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n i_o can_v understand_v f._n i_o think_v all_o this_o 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resistance_n that_o be_v make_v by_o almost_o all_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n against_o his_o son_n henry_n the_o three_o about_o the_o frequent_a and_o notorious_a violation_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n which_o his_o father_n and_o himself_o have_v so_o often_o swear_v to_o and_o confirm_v and_o for_o which_o he_o have_v receive_v such_o great_a benevolence_n and_o subsidy_n from_o the_o nation_n m._n before_o i_o answer_v this_o question_n pray_v take_v notice_n that_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o your_o argument_n that_o when_o ever_o subject_n shall_v think_v themselves_o injure_v and_o oppress_v by_o their_o sovereign_n that_o then_o they_o may_v cast_v off_o their_o allegiance_n to_o they_o if_o they_o can_v have_v the_o remedy_n they_o desire_v since_o this_o be_v to_o make_v they_o both_o judge_n and_o party_n too_o in_o their_o own_o cause_n which_o be_v altogether_o unjust_a and_o unreasonable_a between_o private_a man_n much_o 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resistance_n as_o you_o term_v it_o of_o subject_n against_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n f._n for_o all_o this_o i_o can_v find_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n do_v then_o at_o all_o condemn_v this_o defence_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n have_v before_o make_v of_o the_o liberty_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o great_a charter_n for_o though_o he_o restore_v the_o king_n to_o his_o former_a power_n by_o avoid_v the_o oxford_n provision_n yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o this_o be_v do_v 992._o as_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o he_o express_o except_v the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o king_n john_n vniversâ—li_n seil_fw-fr angliae_fw-la concessae_fw-la and_o from_o which_o per_fw-la illam_fw-la sententiam_fw-la in_o nullo_n intendibat_fw-la penâ—tus_fw-la derogare_fw-la and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o intend_v to_o derogate_v from_o they_o he_o can_v not_o with_o any_o justice_n condemn_v the_o only_a mean_n the_o baron_n have_v to_o maintain_v they_o after_o so_o many_o trial_n and_o fresh_a promise_n and_o oath_n of_o this_o fickle_a inconstant_a king_n all_o break_a and_o lay_v aside_o so_o that_o you_o may_v as_o well_o or_o better_o allege_v the_o pope_n shameful_a absolution_n of_o this_o king_n from_o this_o oath_n he_o have_v make_v to_o observe_v the_o great_a charter_n as_o a_o argument_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v any_o long_o bind_v by_o they_o nor_o the_o baron_n oblige_v to_o defend_v they_o as_o this_o sentence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n to_o render_v the_o resistance_n the_o baron_n have_v make_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n to_o be_v unlawful_a and_o that_o king_n henry_n himself_o do_v afterward_o allow_v this_o resistance_n for_o good_a and_o lawful_a pray_v see_v the_o agreement_n which_o be_v not_o long_o after_o make_v in_o full_a parliament_n 5._o in_o the_o 49th_o between_o the_o king_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n whereby_o he_o oblige_v himself_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o article_n and_o ordinance_n which_o have_v be_v before_o agree_v upon_o at_o london_n in_o the_o 48th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o then_o follow_v this_o clause_n in_o the_o record_n which_o the_o doctor_n himself_o have_v print_v in_o his_o appendix_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o introduction_n to_o english_a history_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o translate_v out_o of_o french_a because_o it_o be_v very_o old_a and_o obscure_a it_o be_v thus_o and_o if_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n or_o mounseur_fw-fr edward_n viz._n the_o prince_n shall_v go_v against_o the_o peace_n and_o ordinance_n aforesaid_a or_o shall_v grieve_v the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n or_o gloucester_n or_o any_o of_o their_o party_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o of_o the_o thing_n aforesaid_a that_o then_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n
in_o french_a hauz_fw-fr homes_n &_o comun_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr shall_v rise_v against_o they_o to_o grieve_v they_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n and_o shall_v be_v obedient_a to_o they_o in_o nothing_o and_o in_o do_v all_o thing_n as_o if_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o they_o in_o nothing_o until_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v amend_v and_o maintain_v according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o peace_n aforesaid_a and_o to_o this_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o mounseur_fw-fr edward_n and_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a gospel_n to_o keep_v and_o maintain_v the_o thing_n aforesaid_a and_o with_o this_o record_n agree_v this_o king_n latin_a charter_n much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n recite_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n 217._o an._n 1264._o only_o the_o word_n there_o be_v more_o general_n that_o if_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n shall_v break_v the_o say_a peace_n by_o hurt_v or_o fall_v upon_o any_o of_o the_o say_a earl_n of_o leicester_n or_o gloucester_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n abovementioned_a liceat_fw-la omnibus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostra_fw-la contra_fw-la nos_fw-la insurgere_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la gravamen_fw-la nostrum_fw-la opem_fw-la &_o operam_fw-la dare_v juxta_fw-la posse_fw-la ad_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la praesenti_fw-la praecepto_fw-la nostro_fw-la omnes_fw-la &_o singulos_fw-la volumus_fw-la obligaâ—i_fw-la fideliter_fw-la &_o homagis_fw-la nobis_fw-la facto_fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o that_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o the_o whole_a parliament_n this_o resistance_n may_v be_v exercise_v notwithstanding_o the_o homage_n they_o have_v do_v he_o and_o this_o be_v that_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n which_o i_o have_v before_o cite_v to_o you_o to_o have_v be_v make_v as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o yorkshire_n to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o same_o roll_n 5._o and_o in_o the_o same_o membrane_n unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o edwardi_fw-la silij_fw-la nostri_fw-la primogeniti_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la &_o communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o doctor_n brady_n think_v fit_a to_o conceal_v and_o not_o publish_v with_o the_o former_a record_n because_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v not_o at_o all_o suit_n with_o his_o notion_n in_o this_o place_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v this_o so_o solemn_a a_o agreement_n upon_o the_o record_n will_v have_v be_v very_o considerable_a have_v it_o be_v make_v whilst_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n have_v be_v free_a dein_fw-ge and_o in_o their_o own_o power_n whereas_o the_o dr._n have_v make_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o power_n of_o simon_n montfort_n and_o his_o adherent_n who_o call_v that_o famous_a parliament_n of_o the_o 49th_o to_o which_o we_o suppose_v the_o commons_o be_v first_o summon_v 143._o and_o therefore_o the_o prince_n be_v not_o deliver_v at_o this_o time_n any_o more_o than_o the_o king_n his_o father_n out_o of_o their_o power_n and_o be_v only_o take_v out_o of_o dover_n castle_n and_o make_v a_o prisoner_n at_o large_a under_o a_o guard_n as_o his_o father_n be_v until_o he_o make_v his_o escape_n from_o his_o keeper_n at_o hereford_n castle_n so_o that_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o value_n this_o agreement_n because_o make_v by_o duress_n though_o i_o confess_v the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n be_v express_v that_o it_o be_v de_fw-la unanimi_fw-la coâ—sensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la etc._n etc._n edwardi_fw-la filii_fw-la nostri_fw-la but_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o by_o this_o agreement_n the_o king_n have_v discharge_v himself_o of_o all_o royal_a power_n and_o confirm_v this_o agreement_n whereby_o the_o whole_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o nomination_n of_o all_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o nine_o earl_n and_o baron_n f._n at_o this_o rate_n no_o act_n that_o a_o king_n can_v do_v when_o he_o have_v the_o worst_a of_o it_o though_o confirm_v by_o a_o solemn_a oath_n as_o this_o be_v upon_o the_o holy_a gospel_n can_v ever_o be_v bind_v for_o it_o be_v but_o allege_v that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o duress_n and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v it_o null_n and_o void_a but_o be_v it_o as_o it_o will_v this_o be_v certain_o the_o general_a consent_n act_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n and_o that_o own_a by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o his_o son_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o his_o party_n and_o far_o that_o this_o resistance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o be_v one_o of_o these_o baron_n be_v not_o after_o count_v for_o treason_n or_o rebellion_n appear_v by_o that_o pardon_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n which_o we_o have_v before_o cite_v to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o this_o king_n 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it_o may_v prove_v to_o the_o reform_a religion_n in_o this_o kingdom_n this_o king_n choice_n of_o bishop_n and_o dean_n such_o as_o he_o think_v most_o fit_a for_o his_o turn_n will_v have_v teach_v â—s_a when_o it_o have_v be_v too_o late_o m._n you_o very_o must_v mistake_v i_o sir_n if_o you_o believe_v that_o i_o urge_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o book_n to_o you_o as_o contain_v any_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n which_o i_o grant_v must_v have_v the_o royal_a assent_n but_o whether_o that_o of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n i_o very_o much_o question_n since_o the_o king_n without_o the_o parliament_n be_v head_n of_o the_o church_n and_o diverse_a canon_n make_v under_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o king_n james_n be_v good_a in_o law_n at_o this_o day_n though_o they_o be_v never_o confirm_v by_o parliament_n but_o i_o only_o urge_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o book_n to_o you_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o these_o doctrine_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o the_o time_n you_o prescribe_v and_o also_o that_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n hold_v these_o doctrine_n which_o you_o so_o much_o condemn_v long_o before_o those_o court_n bishop_n or_o divine_n you_o mention_n meddle_v with_o this_o controversy_n and_o i_o suppose_v we_o may_v as_o well_o quote_v such_o a_o convocation_n book_n as_o a_o testimony_n of_o their_o sense_n upon_o these_o subject_n as_o we_o do_v the_o french_a helvetian_a or_o any_o other_o protestant_n church_n confession_n of_o faith_n draw_v up_o and_o pass_v in_o synod_n of_o their_o divine_n though_o without_o any_o confirmation_n of_o the_o civil_a power_n f._n if_o you_o urge_v this_o convocation_n book_n only_o as_o a_o testimony_n and_o not_o authority_n i_o shall_v not_o contend_v any_o further_a about_o it_o but_o then_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o the_o canon_n or_o decree_n of_o a_o convocation_n though_o never_o so_o much_o confirm_v by_o king_n and_o parliament_n do_v no_o further_o oblige_v in_o conscience_n than_o as_o they_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n sure_a their_o determination_n without_o any_o such_o authority_n can_v only_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o opinion_n of_o so_o many_o particular_a private_a men._n and_o though_o i_o have_v a_o very_a great_a reverence_n for_o the_o judgement_n of_o so_o many_o learned_a man_n yet_o grant_v those_o doctrine_n you_o mention_v to_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o book_n i_o think_v notwithstanding_o that_o we_o may_v just_o examine_v they_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n and_o express_v testimony_n of_o scripture_n by_o either_o of_o which_o when_o i_o see_v you_o can_v convince_v i_o of_o the_o falsehood_n of_o my_o tenet_n i_o shall_v count_v myself_o happy_a to_o be_v beâ—â—er_o inform_v but_o as_o for_o those_o treatise_n of_o bishop_n usher_n and_o bishop_n â—anderson_n which_o you_o now_o mention_v i_o must_v needs_o confess_v they_o be_v learned_o and_o elaborate_o write_v and_o though_o i_o be_o against_o rebellion_n as_o much_o as_o any_o man_n and_o do_v believe_v that_o subject_n may_v too_o often_o be_v guilty_a of_o it_o yet_o be_o i_o not_o therefore_o convince_v that_o it_o be_v absolute_o unlawful_a in_o all_o case_n whatsoever_o even_o in_o the_o most_o absolute_a and_o arbitrary_a sort_n of_o civil_a government_n for_o the_o people_n when_o violent_o and_o intolerable_o oppress_v to_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o resist_v such_o unjust_a violence_n or_o to_o join_v with_o any_o foreign_a prince_n who_o will_v be_v so_o generous_a as_o to_o take_v upon_o he_o their_o deliverance_n so_o that_o though_o i_o free_o acknowledge_v that_o those_o good_a bishop_n you_o mention_v be_v very_o pious_a and_o learned_a man_n â—im_a â—hat_n i_o bear_v great_a reverence_n to_o their_o memory_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o i_o must_v oâ—â—_n they_o to_o be_v infallible_a or_o as_o great_a politician_n as_o they_o be_v learned_a divine_n or_o that_o they_o understand_v the_o law_n of_o england_n as_o well_o as_o they_o do_v the_o scripture_n or_o father_n and_o perhaps_o there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o say_v on_o their_o behalf_n than_o can_v be_v for_o divers_a other_o who_o have_v since_o wekeen_v and_o prâ—â—_n so_o much_o upon_o those_o subject_n for_o if_o you_o please_v to_o consider_v the_o time_n of_o their_o writing_n those_o treatise_n you_o will_v find_v they_o write_v about_o the_o beginning_n or_o middle_n of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n which_o they_o suppose_v to_o be_v begâ—n_n and_o carry_v on_o contrary_a to_o all_o law_n and_o justice_n under_o the_o pretence_a authority_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n against_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o they_o think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o write_v very_o high_a for_o the_o prerogative_n
this_o will_v introduce_v great_a mischief_n and_o confusion_n in_o priute_n family_n so_o will_v it_o likewise_o prove_v a_o foundation_n of_o rebellion_n against_o all_o civil_a power_n whatsoever_o if_o subject_n who_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o a_o kingdom_n that_o child_n be_v in_o a_o family_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n shall_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o resist_v their_o prince_n when_o ever_o they_o think_v he_o go_v about_o to_o invade_v either_o their_o life_n or_o fortune_n which_o will_v likewise_o serve_v to_o justify_v all_o the_o most_o horrid_a rebellion_n in_o the_o world_n since_o all_o rebel_n whatsoever_o may_v or_o do_v pretend_v that_o their_o life_n liberty_n and_o fortune_n be_v unjust_o invade_v when_o indeed_o they_o be_v not_o and_o likewise_o upon_o the_o least_o hardship_n or_o injustice_n in_o this_o kind_n inflict_v upon_o any_o private_a subject_n either_o by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o minister_n which_o abuse_v and_o violence_n do_v often_o 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already_o lay_v down_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v first_o take_v notice_n that_o you_o have_v in_o your_o answer_n confound_v two_o power_n together_o which_o ought_v to_o be_v distingishued_a in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n viz._n the_o power_n which_o father_n as_o master_n or_o head_n of_o family_n may_v exercise_v over_o the_o live_v of_o their_o child_n or_o servant_n whilst_o they_o remain_v member_n of_o their_o family_n and_o that_o reverence_n and_o duty_n which_o child_n must_v always_o owe_v their_o father_n as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v even_o after_o they_o become_v father_n or_o master_n of_o family_n of_o their_o own_o in_o the_o first_o state_n i_o have_v already_o allow_v that_o such_o father_n as_o master_n of_o family_n may_v lawful_o exercise_v a_o far_o great_a power_n over_o their_o child_n whilst_o they_o be_v member_n of_o their_o family_n than_o they_o can_v when_o they_o be_v separate_v from_o it_o yet_o be_v not_o this_o power_n in_o all_o case_n 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all_o self_n defence_n whatsoever_o for_o it_o do_v often_o happen_v that_o wicked_a and_o unreasonable_a man_n will_v pretend_v that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o other_o only_o to_o preserve_v their_o own_o when_o indeed_o it_o be_v altogether_o false_a and_o needless_a and_o they_o only_o kill_v they_o to_o satisfy_v their_o own_o malice_n or_o passion_n and_o therefore_o as_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o abuse_n of_o this_o natural_a right_n shall_v be_v use_v as_o a_o argument_n against_o the_o use_n of_o all_o self-defence_n by_o any_o man_n whatsoever_o so_o likewise_o neither_o aught_o the_o like_a abuse_n hereof_o by_o some_o wicked_a child_n to_o be_v bring_v as_o a_o argument_n against_o its_o be_v make_v use_v of_o at_o all_o by_o other_o who_o be_v never_o so_o unjust_o assault_v and_o in_o danger_n of_o their_o life_n from_o their_o father_n violence_n if_o the_o first_o principle_n be_v true_a on_o which_o this_o be_v found_v that_o a_o son_n may_v excercise_n this_o right_n of_o self-defence_n in_o such_o case_n without_o any_o entrenchment_n upon_o his_o father_n paternal_a authority_n or_o that_o filial_a duty_n and_o respect_n which_o he_o must_v always_o owe_v he_o when_o ever_o he_o return_v to_o himself_o and_o will_v behave_v himself_o towards_o he_o as_o become_v a_o father_n and_o not_o like_o a_o enemy_n or_o cutthroat_n and_o as_o for_o the_o quarrel_n and_o confusion_n which_o you_o allege_v may_v happen_v in_o family_n between_o father_n and_o child_n in_o case_n such_o a_o liberty_n shall_v be_v allow_v those_o inconvenience_n will_v prove_v very_o inconsiderable_a if_o you_o please_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o first_o i_o do_v not_o allow_v this_o right_n of_o resistance_n to_o be_v exercise_v by_o any_o child_n before_o they_o attain_v to_o year_n of_o discretion_n second_o that_o after_o they_o have_v attain_v to_o these_o year_n no_o resistance_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v against_o a_o father_n whilst_o they_o remain_v part_n of_o their_o father_n family_n but_o only_o in_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o their_o mother_n wife_n and_o child_n life_n since_o i_o grant_v that_o a_o son_n as_o long_o as_o he_o continue_v a_o member_n of_o his_o father_n family_n aught_o to_o bestow_v all_o his_o own_o labour_n for_o his_o father_n profit_n and_o can_v acquire_v any_o property_n either_o in_o land_n or_o good_n without_o his_o father_n consent_n and_o since_o you_o conceive_v this_o right_n of_o self-defence_n if_o allow_v to_o child_n will_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o great_a mischief_n in_o family_n if_o child_n shall_v have_v no_o right_a to_o judge_v when_o their_o father_n abuse_v their_o power_n over_o they_o let_v we_o a_o little_a consider_v on_o which_o side_n this_o abuse_n be_v most_o likely_a to_o happen_v for_o if_o you_o please_v but_o to_o look_v into_o the_o world_n and_o survey_v the_o nature_n of_o father_n and_o child_n and_o set_v the_o fault_n of_o the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o you_o will_v find_v that_o as_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o many_o child_n to_o contradict_v and_o disobey_v their_o father_n command_n and_o that_o most_o young_a people_n hate_v restraint_n and_o love_v too_o much_o liberty_n and_o may_v oftentimes_o think_v their_o father_n too_o harsh_a or_o severe_a to_o they_o when_o real_o they_o be_v not_o yet_o do_v such_o false_a surmise_n and_o disobedient_a action_n seldom_o end_n either_o in_o absolute_a resistance_n or_o take_v away_o their_o father_n life_n by_o force_n or_o if_o they_o do_v so_o it_o be_v real_o do_v for_o their_o own_o defence_n or_o whilst_o they_o be_v assault_v by_o they_o in_o their_o own_o life_n or_o those_o of_o their_o child_n but_o be_v common_o act_v private_o to_o satisfy_v their_o own_o revenge_n or_o malice_n which_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v utter_o unlawful_a so_o likewise_o let_v we_o consider_v on_o the_o other_o side_n 41_o those_o temptation_n that_o father_n lie_n under_o of_o injure_v their_o child_n or_o take_v away_o their_o life_n or_o uâ—ing_v they_o like_o slave_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n you_o will_v find_v that_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o age_n natural_a temper_n or_o infirmity_n may_v be_v easy_o transport_v to_o that_o degree_n of_o passion_n that_o not_o consider_v the_o folly_n of_o youth_n they_o may_v oftentimes_o in_o their_o passion_n either_o beat_v they_o so_o cruel_o as_o utter_o to_o disable_v or_o maim_v they_o or_o else_o take_v away_o their_o life_n for_o little_a or_o no_o cause_n and_o beside_o father_n be_v often_o covetous_a and_o ill-natured_a which_o be_v the_o vice_n of_o old_a age_n may_v where_o there_o be_v no_o power_n over_o they_o to_o restrain_v they_o from_o it_o either_o keep_v they_o as_o slave_n themselves_o or_o else_o sell_v they_o to_o other_o for_o that_o purpose_n as_o i_o
government_n commence_v at_o first_o so_o that_o the_o people_n at_o first_o make_v king_n and_o not_o the_o king_n the_o people_n and_o further_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o father_n and_o master_n to_o provide_v for_o their_o child_n and_o servant_n but_o the_o people_n ought_v to_o provide_v for_o their_o king_n not_o only_o for_o their_o necessity_n but_o for_o their_o magnificence_n and_o grandeur_n so_o that_o the_o power_n of_o father_n and_o master_n be_v natural_a whereas_o that_o of_o king_n and_o republic_n be_v political_n and_o artificial_a as_o proceed_v from_o compact_n or_o the_o consent_n of_o divers_a head_n of_o family_n or_o other_o freeman_n and_o as_o kingdom_n and_o family_n differ_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o intitution_n so_o do_v they_o likewise_o in_o their_o end_n which_o be_v of_o a_o far_o large_a extent_n in_o the_o latter_a than_o in_o the_o former_a the_o main_a design_n of_o institute_a kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n before_o not_o only_o to_o defend_v their_o subject_n from_o such_o injury_n or_o violence_n that_o they_o may_v do_v each_o other_o but_o chief_o by_o their_o unite_a force_n to_z guard_z they_o from_o the_o violence_n and_o invasion_n of_o foreign_a enemy_n for_o tho'_o i_o grant_v it_o may_v be_v sometime_o happen_v that_o a_o family_n may_v consist_v of_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o child_n servant_n or_o slave_n as_o may_v make_v a_o little_a army_n such_o as_o abraham_n be_v when_o he_o make_v war_n againk_v the_o four_o king_n yet_o be_v this_o pure_o accidental_a and_o not_o at_o all_o essential_a to_o the_o be_v of_o a_o family_n which_o be_v as_o perfect_v in_o all_o it_o be_v constitute_v part_n if_o it_o consist_v of_o three_o or_o four_o person_n as_o of_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o whereas_o a_o kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n can_v subsist_v unless_o it_o can_v either_o by_o its_o own_o power_n or_o unite_a force_n defend_v its_o member_n from_o foreign_a force_n and_o invasion_n so_o also_o in_o private_a family_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n there_o can_v be_v no_o property_n acquire_v in_o land_n or_o good_n by_o any_o member_n of_o it_o without_o the_o master_n express_a will_n or_o permission_n but_o in_o all_o civil_a government_n the_o very_a institution_n and_o preservation_n of_o civil_a property_n be_v one_o of_o its_o chief_a end_n which_o may_v be_v easy_o prove_v by_o experience_n since_o in_o all_o nation_n where_o there_o be_v any_o property_n either_o in_o land_n â—or_a good_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o some_o civil_a government_n to_o maintain_v iâ—_n whereas_o in_o divers_a part_n of_o africa_n and_o america_n where_o there_o be_v no_o distinct_a property_n in_o land_n and_o where_o there_o be_v no_o other_o riches_n than_o every_o man_n cottage_n and_o garden_n with_o their_o hunt_n and_o fish_v instrument_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o any_o common_a or_o civil_a power_n over_o they_o high_o than_o that_o of_o master_n or_o father_n of_o family_n who_o own_v no_o superiority_n among_o themselves_o unless_o it_o be_v when_o they_o go_v to_o war_n and_o then_o they_o choose_v out_o of_o their_o own_o number_n for_o their_o captain_n or_o leader_n those_o who_o they_o know_v to_o be_v stout_a and_o most_o experience_a who_o power_n determine_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o war_n cease_v but_o to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o this_o long_a discourse_n suppose_v i_o shall_v grant_v all_o you_o can_v desire_v the_o oeconomical_a and_o civil_a government_n do_v not_o differ_v in_o kind_n but_o in_o largeness_n or_o extent_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v in_o all_o case_n irresistible_a since_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v that_o no_o power_n whatever_o except_o that_o of_o god_n himself_o can_v be_v endue_v with_o this_o prerogative_n if_o once_o it_o go_v about_o to_o frustrate_v and_o destroy_v all_o the_o main_a end_n of_o government_n viz._n the_o happiness_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o subject_n either_o by_o dowright_n destroy_v of_o they_o or_o else_o by_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o condition_n of_o slavery_n and_o misery_n as_o the_o great_a turk_n use_v his_o christian_a subject_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v i_o will_v deal_v fair_o with_o you_o i_o will_v discourse_v this_o point_n of_o adam_n sovereignty_n no_o far_o but_o will_v at_o present_a take_v it_o as_o the_o lawyer_n say_v de_fw-fr bene_fw-la esse_fw-la or_o for_o grant_v and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v show_v i_o in_o the_o next_o place_n when_o adam_n die_v by_o what_o law_n either_o divine_a or_o natural_a cain_n or_o seth_n choose_v which_o you_o will_v can_v command_v over_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n and_o their_o descendant_n and_o then_o again_o if_o you_o can_v do_v this_o what_o benefit_n this_o doctrine_n will_v yield_v to_o all_o prince_n and_o state_n at_o this_o day_n or_o how_o you_o intend_v to_o deduce_v a_o title_n for_o they_o from_o adam_n or_o noah_n or_o any_o of_o their_o son_n to_o their_o respective_a kingdom_n and_o consequent_o to_o a_o absolute_a subjection_n of_o their_o subject_n without_o which_o all_o your_o hypothesis_n will_v signify_v nothing_o m._n i_o must_v return_v you_o thank_v sir_n for_o your_o candid_a deal_n and_o for_o the_o great_a pain_n you_o have_v take_v to_o enlighten_v my_o understanding_n in_o this_o important_a question_n and_o tho'_o i_o doubt_v you_o have_v lay_v down_o principle_n not_o so_o suitable_a to_o god_n will_v reveal_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n yet_o i_o will_v not_o imput_n it_o to_o any_o want_n of_o sincerity_n in_o yourself_o who_o i_o hope_v be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o you_o have_v maintain_v so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n i_o desire_v you_o not_o to_o take_v it_o ill_o if_o i_o can_v leave_v my_o own_o opinion_n which_o i_o have_v always_o hitherto_o look_v upon_o as_o most_o suitable_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n and_o to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o must_v continue_v therein_o till_o i_o be_o convince_v i_o be_o in_o a_o error_n but_o since_o i_o desire_v to_o have_v a_o further_a conversation_n with_o you_o upon_o this_o important_a subject_n pray_v let_v i_o know_v when_o we_o shall_v meet_v again_o that_o i_o may_v prove_v to_o you_o from_o holy_a scripture_n as_o well_o as_o those_o author_n i_o have_v peruse_v that_o there_o be_v a_o divine_a right_n of_o blood_n institute_v by_o god_n for_o the_o succession_n of_o kingdom_n which_o can_v without_o a_o kind_n of_o sacrilege_n or_o the_o high_a injustice_n be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o right_a heir_n f._n i_o kind_o accept_v your_o proffer_n and_o if_o you_o please_v shall_v discourse_n this_o important_a question_n with_o you_o to_o morrow_n in_o the_o evening_n if_o your_o occasion_n will_v give_v you_o leave_v m._n i_o expect_v you_o between_o seven_o and_o eight_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_o your_o servant_n finis_fw-la advertisement_n state_n tract_n be_v a_o further_a collection_n of_o several_a choice_n treatise_n relate_v to_o the_o government_n from_o the_o year_n 1660._o to_o 1680._o now_o publish_v in_o a_o body_n to_o show_v the_o necessity_n and_o clear_v the_o legality_n of_o the_o late_a revolution_n and_o our_o present_a happy_a settlement_n under_o the_o auspicious_a reign_n of_o their_o majesty_n king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n print_a for_o richard_n baldwin_n bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n whether_o there_o can_v be_v make_v out_o from_o the_o natural_a or_o reveal_v law_n of_o god_n any_o succession_n to_o crown_n by_o divine_a right_n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o second_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o dialogue_n 1692._o the_o subject_a of_o the_o second_o dialogue_n whither_o hereditary_a succession_n to_o crown_n be_v by_o divine_a right_n or_o institution_n or_o not_o author_n make_v use_v of_o in_o this_o discourse_n and_o how_o denote_v in_o the_o margin_n 1._o sir_n robert_n filmer_n patriarcha_fw-la f._n p._n preface_n to_o his_o political_a observation_n f._n p._n o._n observation_n on_o form_n of_o government_n f._n o._n g._n direction_n to_o obedience_n f._n d._n o._n 2._o patriarcha_fw-la non_fw-la monarcha_fw-la p._n n._n m._n 3._o mr._n bohun's_o preface_n to_o sir_n r._n filmer_n patriarcha_fw-la b._n p._n p._n conclusion_n to_o the_o same_o b._n c._n p._n 4._o two_o treatise_n of_o government_n together_o t._n t._n g._n 5._o grotius_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la g._n i._o p._n 6._o bishop_n sanderson_n preface_n to_o archbishop_n usher_n power_n of_o the_o prince_n
to_o govern_v all_o mankind_n when_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o become_v so_o multiply_v and_o disperse_v over_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o language_n so_o confound_v by_o the_o act_n or_o will_v of_o god_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o three_o elder_a son_n of_o these_o three_o great_a patriarch_n to_o govern_v they_o but_o during_o the_o life_n of_o noah_n 10._o we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o any_o of_o his_o child_n or_o descendant_n withdraw_v themselves_o from_o he_o without_o his_o leave_n 2._o but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a for_o it_o be_v say_v the_o whole_a earth_n be_v of_o one_o language_n and_o of_o one_o speech_n and_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v as_o they_o journey_v from_o the_o east_n that_o they_o find_v a_o plain_a in_o the_o land_n of_o shinar_n &c_n &c_n by_o which_o word_n it_o appear_v they_o keep_v well_o enough_o together_o and_o the_o very_a reason_n why_o they_o begin_v to_o build_v the_o tower_n be_v leave_v say_v they_o we_o shall_v be_v scatter_v abroad_o upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o disunion_n among_o they_o nor_o so_o much_o as_o a_o desire_n of_o it_o whilst_o noah_n live_v f._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v say_v concern_v this_o distribution_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o noah_n last_o will_v and_o also_o his_o make_v all_o his_o son_n lord_n or_o monarch_n alike_o both_o which_o favour_n so_o strong_o of_o the_o rabbinical_a liberty_n of_o invention_n that_o i_o wonder_v how_o any_o learned_a man_n can_v believe_v such_o idle_a story_n especial_o when_o the_o scripture_n and_o the_o most_o ancient_a history_n and_o record_n that_o be_v extant_a in_o the_o world_n mention_v no_o such_o thing_n and_o though_o josâ—phus_n may_v in_o the_o place_n you_o have_v cite_v suppose_v that_o every_o one_o of_o the_o patriarch_n he_o mention_n be_v prince_n or_o monarch_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o say_v any_o thing_n like_o it_o concern_v the_o three_o son_n of_o noah_n be_v monarch_n or_o of_o this_o partition_n of_o the_o earth_n between_o they_o but_o make_v they_o to_o live_v together_o in_o those_o mountainous_a part_n till_o they_o descend_v from_o thence_o into_o the_o plain_a so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o noah_n to_o make_v a_o distribution_n of_o those_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v not_o yet_o discover_v and_o it_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o scripture_n itself_o that_o a_o considerable_a time_n after_o noah_n death_n all_o mankind_n live_v together_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o impossibility_n as_o you_o suppose_v why_o noah_n elder_a son_n can_v not_o have_v command_v his_o brethren_n and_o their_o descendant_n they_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o disperse_v or_o separate_v from_o each_o other_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o first_o verse_n of_o 〈…〉_z of_o genesis_n which_o you_o cite_v but_o now_o so_o that_o if_o noah_n elder_a son_n be_v disinherit_v of_o his_o right_n of_o govern_v his_o brethren_n and_o their_o descendant_n that_o can_v not_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o which_o you_o assign_v and_o if_o primogeniture_n be_v a_o divine_a right_o appoint_v by_o god_n himself_o and_o unalterable_a by_o humane_a law_n as_o you_o suppose_v i_o can_v see_v how_o the_o will_n of_o a_o father_n which_o be_v but_o a_o humane_a institution_n can_v ever_o alter_v it_o for_o i_o remember_v you_o lay_v it_o down_o as_o a_o maxim_n at_o our_o last_o meeting_n that_o the_o divine_a right_n of_o the_o right_a heir_n never_o die_v can_v be_v lose_v or_o take_v away_o so_o that_o if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o divine_a right_n of_o primogeniture_n belong_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o noah_n it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o he_o will_v have_v permit_v his_o two_o brother_n to_o have_v usurp_v it_o from_o he_o m._n i_o shall_v not_o insist_v long_o on_o this_o tradition_n concern_v the_o distribution_n of_o the_o earth_n among_o the_o son_n of_o noah_n but_o certain_o it_o be_v not_o a_o thing_n to_o be_v make_v so_o slight_a of_o as_o you_o do_v since_o cedrenus_n a_o modern_a greek_a historian_n be_v very_o particular_a in_o it_o beside_o so_o many_o other_o learned_a man_n and_o the_o great_a selden_n among_o the_o rest_n have_v give_v countenance_n to_o it_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o primogeniture_n be_v of_o divine_a right_n yet_o that_o may_v very_o well_o be_v alter_v by_o noah_n will_n especial_o since_o his_o child_n may_v be_v satisfy_v that_o he_o be_v a_o prophet_n and_o preacher_n of_o righteousness_n may_v make_v this_o division_n of_o his_o paternal_a power_n by_o a_o divine_a command_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o dwell_v long_o upon_o this_o but_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o period_n of_o time_n viz._n that_o of_o the_o confusion_n and_o dispersion_n of_o tongue_n in_o which_o there_o be_v more_o evident_a footstep_n of_o this_o right_n of_o primogeniture_n as_o also_o of_o the_o patriarchal_a power_n i_o maintain_v and_o therefore_o pray_v turn_v to_o the_o 10_o of_o genesis_n and_o there_o you_o will_v find_v after_o the_o recital_n of_o the_o genealogy_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o son_n of_o noah_n who_o descendant_n be_v there_o particular_o set_v down_o these_o word_n in_o the_o five_o verse_n by_o these_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o the_o gentile_n divide_v in_o their_o land_n 4._o every_o one_o after_o his_o tongue_n after_o their_o family_n in_o their_o nation_n and_o likewise_o in_o the_o 20_o verse_n these_o be_v the_o son_n of_o ham_n after_o their_o family_n after_o their_o tongue_n in_o their_o country_n and_o in_o their_o nation_n and_o in_o the_o last_o verse_n these_o be_v the_o family_n of_o the_o son_n of_o noah_n and_o their_o generation_n in_o their_o nation_n and_o by_o these_o be_v the_o nation_n divide_v in_o the_o earth_n after_o the_o flood_n so_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o first_o plantation_n of_o the_o world_n which_o be_v after_o the_o building_n of_o babel_n and_o the_o confusion_n of_o tongue_n we_o may_v find_v the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o distinct_a kingdom_n or_o nation_n by_o several_a family_n and_o language_n 275._o whereof_o the_o son_n or_o grandchild_n of_o noah_n be_v the_o king_n or_o governor_n by_o a_o fatherly_a right_n and_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o this_o power_n and_o right_o in_o these_o father_n god_n be_v please_v upon_o several_a family_n to_o bestow_v a_o language_n on_o each_o by_o itself_o the_o better_a to_o unite_v it_o into_o a_o nation_n or_o kingdom_n so_o that_o it_o become_v impossible_a as_o i_o say_v before_o for_o the_o elder_a son_n or_o descendant_n of_o these_o three_o great_a patriarch_n to_o govern_v all_o mankind_n who_o now_o no_o long_o understand_v each_o other_o language_n it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a that_o the_o head_n of_o the_o several_a family_n shall_v take_v that_o care_n upon_o they_o and_o their_o child_n submit_v to_o they_o wherein_o they_o have_v the_o direction_n of_o god_n almighty_n who_o have_v command_v they_o to_o obey_v their_o parent_n and_o a_o miraculous_a declaration_n of_o his_o will_n for_o their_o dispersion_n by_o the_o confound_a of_o their_o language_n and_o that_o so_o order_v by_o god_n too_o that_o the_o descendant_n of_o the_o same_o person_n and_o family_n speak_v one_o tongue_n be_v not_o this_o a_o declare_v these_o father_n prince_n of_o these_o several_a family_n and_o tongue_n by_o god_n himself_o who_o by_o his_o providence_n have_v thus_o confound_v their_o tongue_n and_o disperse_v they_o by_o family_n that_o they_o can_v no_o long_o be_v govern_v by_o three_o or_o four_o patriarch_n but_o must_v have_v as_o many_o distinct_a government_n as_o there_o be_v different_a tongue_n there_o be_v no_o mean_n at_o present_a of_o any_o intercourse_n or_o correspondence_n one_o with_o another_o or_o with_o their_o former_a governor_n so_o that_o however_o in_o this_o confusion_n of_o tongue_n by_o which_o as_o josephus_n suppose_v there_o be_v seventy_o two_o distinct_a nation_n erect_v yet_o be_v they_o not_o confuse_a multitude_n without_o head_n or_o governor_n and_o at_o liberty_n to_o choose_v what_o governor_n or_o government_n they_o please_v but_o be_v so_o many_o distinct_a family_n which_o have_v father_n for_o ruler_n over_o they_o of_o the_o same_o speech_n 10._o whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o even_o in_o the_o confusion_n god_n be_v careful_a to_o preserve_v fatherly_a authority_n and_o monarchical_a power_n entire_a by_o distribute_v the_o diversity_n of_o language_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o family_n which_o show_v that_o god_n be_v still_o for_o government_n and_o that_o paternal_a too_o since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o every_o people_n follow_v their_o ancestor_n or_o patriarch_n as_o their_o prince_n or_o
his_o death_n but_o shall_v have_v his_o portion_n present_o and_o be_v go_v and_o farther_o we_o read_v 147._o gen._n 25.5_o 6._o that_o abraham_n give_v all_o that_o he_o have_v unto_o isaac_n but_o unto_o the_o son_n of_o the_o concubine_n which_o abraham_n have_v abraham_n give_v gift_n and_o send_v they_o away_o from_o isaac_n his_o son_n while_o he_o yet_o live_v that_o be_v abraham_n have_v give_v portion_n to_o all_o his_o other_o son_n and_o send_v they_o away_o that_o which_o he_o have_v reserve_v be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o substance_n isaac_n as_o heir_n possess_v after_o his_o death_n but_o by_o be_v heir_n he_o have_v no_o right_a to_o be_v lord_n over_o his_o brethren_n for_o if_o he_o have_v why_o shall_v sarah_n desire_v to_o rob_v he_o of_o one_o of_o his_o subject_n or_o slave_n by_o desire_v to_o have_v he_o send_v away_o so_o likewise_o if_o you_o look_v into_o the_o first_o of_o chron._n chap._n 5._o v._n 12._o you_o will_v find_v a_o place_n that_o plain_o confirm_v this_o interpretation_n where_o it_o be_v say_v 148._o reuben_n be_v the_o first-born_a but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o defile_v his_o father_n bed_n his_o birthright_n be_v give_v unto_o the_o son_n of_o joseph_n the_o son_n of_o israel_n and_o the_o genealogy_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v after_o the_o birthright_n for_o judah_n prevail_v above_o his_o brethren_n and_o of_o he_o come_v the_o chief_a ruler_n but_o the_o birthright_n be_v joseph_n though_o he_o be_v the_o young_a son_n and_o that_o this_o birth_n right_o be_v iacob_n blessing_n on_o joseph_n gen._n 58.28_o tell_v we_o in_o these_o word_n moreover_o i_o have_v give_v thou_o one_o portion_n above_o thy_o brethren_n which_o i_o take_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o amorites_n with_o my_o sword_n '_o and_o with_o my_o bow_n whereby_o it_o be_v not_o only_o plain_a that_o the_o birthright_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o double_a portion_n but_o the_o text_n in_o chronicle_n be_v express_o against_o your_o opinion_n and_o show_v that_o dominion_n be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o birthright_n for_o it_o tell_v we_o that_o joseph_n have_v the_o birthright_n but_o judah_n the_o dominion_n so_o that_o unless_o you_o be_v very_o fond_a of_o this_o word_n birthright_n without_o consider_v in_o what_o sense_n it_o be_v to_o be_v take_v you_o will_v never_o bring_v this_o instance_n of_o jacob_n and_o esau_n to_o prove_v that_o dominion_n belong_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n over_o his_o brethren_n for_o if_o this_o blessing_n of_o isaac_n upon_o jacob_n signify_v any_o thing_n more_o than_o this_o it_o can_v not_o relate_v to_o his_o own_o person_n who_o never_o rule_v over_o his_o brother_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v at_o most_o no_o more_o than_o a_o prophecy_n show_v that_o the_o jew_n as_o be_v descend_v from_o jacob_n shall_v in_o after-times_a rule_n over_o the_o edomite_n or_o posterity_n of_o esau_n according_a to_o what_o rebekah_n have_v be_v foretell_v from_o god_n two_o nation_n be_v in_o thy_o womb_n 25.23_o and_o two_o manner_n of_o people_n shall_v be_v separate_v from_o thy_o bowel_n and_o the_o one_o people_n shaâ—l_v be_v strong_a than_o the_o other_o people_n and_o the_o elder_a shall_v serve_v the_o young_a and_o so_o jacob_n bless_v judah_n and_o give_v he_o though_o not_o in_o his_o own_o person_n but_o in_o his_o posterity_n the_o sceptre_n and_o dominion_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v have_v argue_v as_o well_o that_o the_o dominion_n belong_v to_o the_o three_o son_n over_o his_o brethren_n as_o well_o as_o from_o this_o blessing_n of_o isaac_n that_o it_o belong_v to_o jacob_n they_o be_v both_o but_o prediction_n of_o what_o shall_v long_v after_o happen_v to_o their_o posterity_n and_o not_o declare_v any_o hereditary_a right_n of_o dominion_n in_o either_o jacob_n or_o judah_n m._n i_o will_v not_o rigorous_o insist_v that_o primogeniture_n be_v such_o a_o divine_a right_o as_o can_v be_v alter_v by_o any_o humane_a act_n or_o constitution_n but_o yet_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v such_o a_o right_n that_o without_o the_o father_n order_v it_o otherwise_o 68_o in_o his_o life-time_n or_o that_o the_o elder_a brother_n do_v of_o his_o own_o accord_n depart_v from_o his_o right_n he_o will_v have_v a_o good_a title_n to_o his_o father_n government_n or_o kingdom_n and_o consequent_o to_o command_v over_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n and_o therefore_o grotius_n make_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o hereditary_a and_o patrimonial_a kingdom_n the_o former_a be_v to_o descend_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n only_o but_o the_o latter_a be_v divisible_a among_o all_o the_o son_n if_o the_o father_n please_v and_o hence_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v that_o as_o mankind_n increase_v one_o petty_a kingdom_n grow_v out_o of_o another_o 12._o thus_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n which_o be_v people_v by_o six_o son_n of_o canaan_n and_o philistim_o the_o son_n of_o mizraim_n have_v eight_o or_o nine_o king_n in_o the_o time_n of_o abraham_n and_o above_o thirty_o king_n in_o ioshua_n time_n which_o can_v proceed_v from_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o the_o father_n divide_v their_o kingdom_n in_o their_o lifetime_n or_o at_o their_o death_n among_o their_o son_n and_o descendant_n for_o we_o hear_v not_o of_o one_o tittle_n of_o popular_a election_n in_o those_o early_a day_n and_o i_o have_v proof_n enough_o of_o this_o in_o scripture_n since_o thus_o we_o find_v it_o to_o have_v be_v among_o the_o son_n of_o ishmael_n 40._o and_o esau_n as_o appear_v by_o gen._n 25_o and_o 26._o where_o it_o be_v say_v these_o be_v the_o son_n of_o ishmael_n and_o these_o be_v their_o name_n by_o their_o castle_n and_o town_n etc._n etc._n twelve_o prince_n of_o their_o tribe_n and_o family_n and_o these_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o duke_n that_o come_v of_o esau_n according_a to_o their_o family_n and_o their_o place_n by_o their_o nation_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o after_o age_n prince_n do_v often_o divide_v their_o kingdom_n among_o their_o child_n of_o which_o you_o may_v see_v divers_a example_n in_o grotius_n de_fw-fr i._n b._n l._n two_o cap._n 7._o which_o division_n 12._o when_o make_v and_o submit_v to_o by_o the_o elder_a son_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o be_v good_a yet_o i_o think_v it_o can_v be_v deny_v for_o all_o this_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n where_o there_o be_v no_o will_n of_o the_o father_n declare_v to_o the_o contrary_a the_o elder_a son_n ought_v to_o inherit_v and_o this_o be_v the_o judgement_n not_o only_o of_o christian_a but_o heathen_a writer_n thus_o herodotus_n the_o most_o ancient_a greek_a historian_n polym_n lay_v it_o down_o for_o a_o general_a custom_n of_o all_o people_n or_o nation_n that_o the_o elder_a son_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o empire_n and_o the_o roman_n be_v likewise_o of_o this_o opinion_n and_o therefore_o livy_n when_o he_o speak_v of_o two_o brother_n of_o the_o allâ—broges_n contend_v for_o the_o kingdom_n say_v the_o young_a be_v more_o strong_a in_o force_n than_o right_o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o call_v this_o right_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n the_o right_a of_o age_n and_o nature_n as_o also_o do_v trogus_n pompaeius_fw-la in_o his_o epitome_n of_o justine_n l.xi._n when_o he_o call_v it_o the_o right_n of_o nation_n and_o in_o another_o place_n a_o right_a of_o nature_n when_o he_o say_v l.ii._n that_o artabazanes_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n challenge_v the_o kingdom_n himself_o which_o the_o order_n of_o his_o birth_n and_o nature_n itself_o appoint_v among_o nation_n i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o other_o authority_n from_o more_o modern_a author_n but_o i_o rather_o choose_v to_o give_v you_o these_o because_o you_o can_v except_v against_o they_o as_o writer_n prepossess_v by_o either_o jewish_a or_o christian_a principle_n so_o that_o if_o this_o right_n of_o primogeniture_n be_v not_o absolute_o divine_a yet_o it_o be_v at_o least_o most_o natural_a and_o reasonable_a f._n i_o see_v you_o be_v convince_v that_o this_o divine_a right_n of_o primogeniture_n be_v not_o to_o be_v prove_v out_o of_o scripture_n and_o therefore_o you_o be_v content_v to_o fall_v a_o peg_n low_a and_o to_o take_v up_o with_o the_o right_n of_o eldership_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n which_o howsoever_o you_o be_v please_v to_o confound_v they_o be_v for_o all_o that_o two_o distinct_a thing_n for_o if_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v no_o more_o to_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o will_n of_o a_o father_n than_o the_o law_n of_o god_n itself_o and_o therefore_o notwithstanding_o all_o your_o quotation_n your_o right_n of_o primogeniture_n amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o
it_o will_v be_v leave_v in_o her_o power_n not_o only_o to_o govern_v herself_o but_o by_o marry_v to_o choose_v a_o king_n for_o her_o subject_n who_o they_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o and_o therefore_o we_o read_v that_o in_o diverse_a of_o the_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n woman_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o succession_n nor_o be_v these_o the_o only_a question_n that_o either_o may_v then_o or_o else_o have_v in_o latter_a age_n be_v start_v concern_v succession_n in_o kingdom_n 158._o and_o principality_n and_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a dispute_n between_o pretender_n to_o crown_n where_o a_o king_n die_v without_o lawful_a issue_n as_o whether_o a_o grandson_n by_o a_o young_a daughter_n shall_v inherit_v before_o a_o granddaughter_n by_o a_o elder_a daughter_n whether_o the_o elder_a son_n by_o a_o concubine_n before_o the_o young_a son_n by_o a_o wife_n from_o whence_o also_o will_v arise_v many_o question_n concern_v legitimation_n and_o what_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o wife_n and_o a_o concubine_n all_o which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v decide_v but_o by_o the_o municipal_a or_o positive_a law_n of_o those_o kingdom_n or_o principality_n it_o may_v further_o be_v inquire_v whether_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v a_o fool_n or_o madman_n shall_v inherit_v this_o paternal_a power_n before_o the_o young_a a_o wise_a man_n and_o what_o degree_n of_o â—olly_n or_o madness_n it_o must_v be_v that_o shall_v exclude_v he_o and_o who_o shall_v be_v the_o judge_n of_o it_o also_o whether_o the_o son_n of_o a_o fool_n so_o exclude_v for_o his_o folly_n shall_v succeed_v before_o the_o son_n of_o his_o wise_a brother_n who_o last_o reign_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o regal_a power_n whilst_o a_o widow_n queen_n be_v with_o child_n by_o the_o decease_a king_n until_o she_o be_v bring_v to_o bed_n these_o and_o many_o more_o such_o difficulty_n may_v be_v propose_v about_o the_o title_n of_o succession_n and_o the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n to_o kingdom_n and_o that_o not_o as_o idle_a speculation_n but_o such_o as_o in_o history_n we_o shall_v frequent_o find_v example_n of_o not_o only_o in_o our_o own_o but_o likewise_o other_o kingdom_n from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o if_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n have_v prescribe_v any_o set_a rule_n of_o succession_n they_o will_v have_v go_v far_a than_o one_o or_o two_o case_n as_o concern_v the_o succession_n of_o elder_a son_n or_o brother_n where_o a_o elder_a son_n die_v without_o issue_n and_o will_v also_o have_v give_v certain_a infallible_a rule_n in_o all_o other_o case_n of_o succession_n beside_o these_o and_o not_o have_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o will_n or_o particular_a law_n of_o diverse_a nation_n to_o have_v establish_v the_o succession_n so_o many_o several_a way_n as_o i_o be_o able_a to_o show_v have_v be_v practise_v in_o the_o world_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o perplex_v the_o succession_n to_o adam_n which_o seem_v design_v for_o nothing_o else_o but_o to_o make_v i_o believe_v that_o if_o adam_n or_o any_o of_o his_o son_n be_v king_n or_o prince_n it_o must_v have_v be_v by_o the_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o their_o child_n or_o descendant_n which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o say_v that_o those_o ancient_a prince_n derive_v their_o title_n from_o the_o judgement_n or_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n the_o contrary_a to_o which_o be_v evident_a as_o well_o out_o of_o sacred_a as_o civil_a history_n f._n since_o you_o appeal_v to_o history_n to_o history_n you_o shall_v go_v and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o i_o have_v not_o invent_v these_o doubt_n about_o succession_n of_o my_o own_o head_n and_o that_o there_o may_v have_v very_o well_o be_v a_o real_a dispute_n about_o the_o succession_n to_o adam_n in_o the_o case_n i_o have_v put_v may_v appear_v by_o the_o many_o dispute_n and_o quarrel_n that_o have_v be_v in_o several_a nation_n concern_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n between_o the_o uncle_n and_o the_o nephew_n of_o which_o grotius_n be_v so_o sensible_a 31._o that_o he_o confess_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o chapter_n last_o cite_v that_o where_o it_o can_v not_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o people_n judgement_n it_o be_v fain_o to_o be_v so_o by_o civil_a war_n as_o well_o as_o private_a combat_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v force_v ingenuous_o to_o confess_v that_o this_o have_v be_v practise_v divers_a way_n according_a to_o the_o different_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n and_o he_o give_v we_o here_o a_o distinction_n between_o a_o direct_a lineal_a succession_n and_o a_o transversed_a and_o acknowledge_v that_o among_o the_o german_n as_o also_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n nephew_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n before_o their_o uncle_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o saxon_n and_o norman_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v in_o our_o ancient_a english_a history_n that_o before_o the_o conquest_n the_o uncle_n if_o he_o be_v old_a always_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n before_o the_o nephew_n which_o i_o can_v more_o particular_o show_v you_o if_o you_o think_v fit_a to_o question_v it_o the_o like_a manner_n of_o succession_n be_v also_o among_o the_o irish-scotch_a for_o above_o 200_o year_n after_o â—â—rgus_fw-la their_z first_o king_n the_o like_a custom_n be_v also_o observe_v among_o the_o irish_a as_o long_o as_o they_o have_v any_o king_n among_o they_o and_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o tanistry_n the_o same_o be_v also_o observe_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o â—astile_fw-fr where_o after_o the_o death_n of_o alphonso_n the_o five_o the_o state_n of_o that_o kingdom_n admit_v his_o young_a son_n sancho_n to_o be_v king_n put_v by_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n the_o grandson_n to_o the_o late_a king_n by_o his_o elder_a son_n though_o he_o have_v the_o crown_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o grand-father_n will._n so_o likewise_o in_o sicily_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o who_o leave_v a_o grand_a son_n behind_o he_o by_o his_o elder_a son_n as_o also_o a_o young_a son_n name_v robert_n between_o who_o a_o difference_n arise_v concern_v the_o succession_n it_o be_v refer_v to_o pope_n clement_n v._o he_o give_v judgement_n for_o robert_n the_o young_a son_n of_o charles_n who_o be_v thereupon_o crown_v king_n of_o sicily_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o earl_n john_n brother_n to_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o be_v declare_v king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o estate_n before_o arthur_n earl_n of_o britain_n son_n of_o jeoffrey_n the_o elder_a brother_n and_o glanvil_n who_o be_v lord_n chief_a justice_n under_o henry_n the_o second_o in_o that_o little_a treatise_n we_o have_v of_o he_o make_v it_o a_o great_a question_n who_o shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o a_o inheritance_n the_o uncle_n or_o nephew_n but_o as_o for_o daughter_n whether_o they_o shall_v inherit_v at_o all_o or_o not_o or_o at_o least_o be_v prefer_v before_o their_o uncle_n be_v much_o more_o doubtful_a since_o not_o only_o france_n but_o most_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east_n at_o this_o day_n from_o turkey_n to_o japan_n do_v exclude_v woman_n from_o the_o throne_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o as_o much_o against_o the_o grain_n of_o the_o ancient_a northern_a nation_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o find_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o queen_n to_o have_v reign_v among_o the_o ancient_a german_n or_o irish-scot_n and_o never_o but_o two_o among_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o those_o by_o murder_n or_o usurpation_n and_o not_o by_o election_n as_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v and_o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n put_v by_o maud_n the_o empress_n and_o prefer_v stephen_n earl_n of_o blois_n to_o the_o crown_n before_o she_o for_o though_o he_o derive_v his_o affinity_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o a_o woman_n yet_o as_o be_v a_o man_n he_o think_v himself_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o she_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n mariana_n in_o his_o history_n tell_v we_o that_o ancient_o the_o brother_n of_o the_o king_n be_v to_o inherit_v before_o the_o daughter_n example_n may_v also_o be_v give_v of_o divers_a of_o the_o other_o instance_n but_o these_o may_v suffice_v m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a for_o by_o these_o example_n you_o will_v seem_v to_o infer_v that_o these_o law_n about_o settle_v the_o succession_n of_o crown_n in_o several_a kingdom_n depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o people_n whereas_o i_o may_v with_o better_a reason_n suppose_v that_o if_o such_o law_n and_o alteration_n have_v be_v in_o such_o succession_n they_o be_v make_v by_o
the_o sole_a will_n of_o the_o first_o prince_n in_o which_o the_o people_n have_v no_o hand_n for_o in_o the_o most_o ancient_a monarchy_n 71._o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o the_o people_n of_o all_o country_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o sole_a will_n of_o their_o prince_n which_o by_o degree_n come_v to_o be_v so_o well_o know_v in_o several_a instance_n that_o inferior_a magistrate_n need_v not_o resort_v to_o they_o in_o those_o case_n and_o the_o people_n be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n accustom_v to_o such_o usage_n they_o grow_v easy_a and_o familiar_a to_o they_o and_o so_o be_v retain_v though_o the_o memory_n of_o those_o prince_n who_o first_o introduce_v they_o be_v lose_v and_o after_o king_n find_v it_o better_a to_o continue_v what_o be_v so_o receive_v than_o to_o run_v the_o hazard_n and_o trouble_v of_o change_v they_o be_v for_o their_o own_o ease_n and_o the_o good_a of_o their_o subject_n content_v they_o shall_v be_v still_o from_o age_n to_o age_n so_o 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their_o subject_n for_o any_o breach_n or_o infringement_n of_o such_o liberty_n and_o immunity_n and_o this_o may_v serve_v against_o the_o fancy_n of_o all_o those_o who_o think_v prince_n have_v nothing_o but_o what_o the_o people_n have_v give_v they_o and_o likewise_o against_o such_o as_o mr._n hobbs_n who_o maintain_v so_o much_o be_v confer_v on_o they_o that_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o leave_v no_o body_n else_o any_o thing_n to_o enjoy_v that_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o take_v from_o they_o and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o much_o better_a security_n for_o the_o people_n liberty_n to_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o honour_n and_o conscience_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o that_o fear_v they_o ought_v to_o have_v of_o the_o divine_a vengeance_n in_o case_n they_o oppress_v their_o subject_n contrary_a to_o law_n than_o your_o heady_a and_o violent_a method_n of_o resistance_n for_o the_o oppression_n or_o tyranny_n of_o prince_n which_o will_v but_o give_v the_o common_a 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now_o mention_v but_o as_o for_o the_o expedient_a at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o your_o speech_n that_o these_o privilege_n and_o condescension_n when_o once_o grant_v by_o king_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o past_a into_o constant_a and_o stand_v law_n and_o also_o solemn_o swear_v to_o by_o prince_n at_o their_o coronation_n do_v not_o only_o bind_v those_o prince_n that_o grant_v they_o but_o also_o their_o successor_n under_o pain_n of_o damnation_n i_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o you_o though_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v think_v this_o a_o sufficient_a security_n for_o several_a reason_n i_o can_v give_v you_o at_o a_o more_o convenient_a time_n when_o i_o shall_v when_o you_o please_v more_o full_o discuss_v this_o point_n m._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o sir_n i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v neither_o with_o the_o instance_n you_o have_v bring_v nor_o yet_o with_o your_o reply_n to_o my_o answer_n and_o i_o think_v i_o can_v show_v you_o as_o to_o this_o kingdom_n that_o they_o be_v false_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o if_o that_o the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a kingdom_n and_o monarchy_n begin_v by_o conquest_n at_o first_o and_o that_o perhaps_o for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o war_n unjust_o make_v as_o i_o may_v also_o instance_n in_o england_n if_o this_o be_v a_o proper_a season_n for_o it_o so_o that_o indeed_o the_o great_a liberty_n in_o the_o world_n if_o it_o be_v due_o consider_v be_v for_o a_o people_n to_o live_v under_o a_o paternal_a monarchy_n it_o be_v the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o this_o kingdom_n all_o other_o show_v or_o pretext_n of_o liberty_n be_v but_o several_a degree_n of_o slavery_n and_o a_o liberty_n only_o to_o destroy_v liberty_n so_o that_o i_o think_v i_o may_v very_o well_o keep_v my_o first_o opinion_n that_o paternal_a government_n be_v the_o
foundation_n of_o all_o other_o and_o i_o have_v ever_o think_v god_n love_n and_o kindness_n to_o mankind_n do_v never_o appear_v in_o any_o thing_n more_o except_o in_o man_n redemption_n than_o in_o create_v only_o one_o man_n and_o out_o of_o he_o only_o one_o woman_n so_o that_o adam_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o father_n to_o his_o wife_n that_o marital_a as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o power_n may_v be_v found_v in_o paternal_a jurisdiction_n that_o all_o prince_n may_v look_v upon_o the_o mean_a of_o their_o subject_n as_o their_o child_n and_o all_o subject_n upon_o their_o prince_n as_o their_o common_a father_n and_o upon_o each_o other_o as_o the_o child_n of_o one_o man_n that_o mankind_n may_v not_o only_o be_v unite_v in_o one_o common_a nature_n but_o also_o be_v of_o one_o blood_n of_o one_o family_n and_o be_v habituate_v to_o the_o best_a of_o government_n from_o the_o very_a infancy_n of_o the_o world_n be_v this_o well_o consider_v as_o there_o can_v be_v no_o tyrant_n so_o neither_o will_v there_o be_v any_o traitor_n and_o rebel_n but_o both_o prince_n and_o people_n will_v strive_v to_o outdo_v each_o other_o in_o the_o office_n of_o love_n and_o duty_n and_o now_o do_v you_o or_o any_o man_n live_v read_v sir_n r._n f_n patriarcha_fw-la or_o other_o work_n and_o see_v if_o either_o he_o or_o i_o have_v ascribe_v one_o dram_n of_o power_n to_o prince_n which_o will_v not_o natural_o spring_n from_o this_o supream-paternal_a power_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a i_o think_v reason_n itself_o will_v conclude_v that_o this_o way_n of_o solve_v the_o first_o rise_v of_o government_n be_v true_a and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o all_o who_o by_o the_o blessing_n of_o god_n be_v under_o paternal_a monarchy_n to_o be_v very_o thankful_a for_o the_o favour_n and_o to_o do_v the_o utmost_a that_o in_o they_o lie_v to_o preserve_v and_o transmit_v that_o best_a form_n of_o government_n to_o their_o child_n after_o they_o and_o sure_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n under_o heaven_n have_v more_o reason_n for_o this_o than_o the_o english_a who_o be_v under_o a_o paternal_a monarchy_n which_o have_v take_v the_o best_a care_n that_o can_v be_v to_o secure_v they_o not_o only_o from_o oppression_n and_o wrong_v but_o from_o the_o very_a fear_n of_o it_o f._n since_o you_o lay_v the_o chief_a stress_n of_o your_o assertion_n upon_o the_o original_a of_o most_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o monarchy_n now_o in_o the_o world_n and_o of_o our_o own_o in_o particular_a i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o join_v issue_n with_o you_o on_o both_o point_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n affirm_v that_o a_o unjust_a conquest_n give_v the_o conqueror_n no_o right_n to_o the_o subject_n obedience_n much_o less_o over_o their_o life_n or_o estate_n and_o if_o our_o norman_a william_n and_o his_o successor_n have_v no_o more_o right_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n than_o mere_a conquest_n i_o doubt_v whether_o they_o may_v have_v be_v drive_v out_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n they_o come_v in_o but_o i_o believe_v you_o will_v find_v upon_o second_o thought_n that_o unjust_a conquest_n and_o usurpation_n of_o crown_n be_v no_o firm_a title_n for_o prince_n to_o rely_v on_o lest_o the_o old_a english_a proverb_n be_v turn_v upon_o you_o viz._n that_o which_o be_v sauce_n for_o a_o goose_n be_v sauce_n for_o a_o gander_n but_o i_o shall_v defer_v this_o discourse_n concern_v title_n by_o conquest_n and_o in_o particular_a that_o of_o our_o king_n to_o this_o kingdom_n to_o some_o other_o time_n when_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o false_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n but_o also_o that_o it_o will_v not_o prove_v that_o for_o which_o it_o be_v bring_v and_o therefore_o what_o you_o say_v in_o your_o conclusion_n in_o exaltation_n of_o god_n love_n and_o kindness_n to_o mankind_n in_o create_v one_o man_n and_o out_o of_o he_o only_o one_o woman_n that_o adam_n may_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o father_n to_o his_o wife_n be_v a_o very_a pretty_a and_o indeed_o singular_a notion_n and_o you_o will_v do_v very_o well_o to_o move_v the_o convocation_n next_o time_n it_o sit_v that_o this_o explanation_n may_v be_v add_v to_o the_o five_o commandment_n that_o woman_n may_v be_v teach_v in_o the_o catechism_n that_o obedience_n to_o husband_n be_v due_a by_o the_o precept_n of_o honour_n thy_o father_n and_o thy_o mother_n and_o therefore_o i_o need_v give_v no_o other_o answer_n to_o all_o the_o rest_n you_o have_v say_v however_o specious_a the_o hypothesis_n may_v seem_v as_o you_o have_v dress_v it_o up_o for_o prince_n and_o people_n yet_o till_o you_o have_v prove_v that_o all_o paternal_a power_n be_v monarchical_a and_o that_o all_o monarchical_a power_n be_v derive_v from_o fatherhood_n it_o signify_v nothing_o nor_o can_v these_o piae_fw-la fraud_n do_v any_o more_o good_a in_o politic_n than_o religion_n for_o as_o superstition_n can_v never_o serve_v to_o advance_v the_o true_a worship_n of_o god_n but_o by_o create_v false_a notion_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n in_o meâ—s_n mind_n which_o do_v not_o render_v it_o as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o object_n of_o their_o love_n and_o reverence_n but_o servile_a fear_n so_o i_o suppose_v this_o assert_v of_o such_o a_o unlimited_a despotical_a power_n in_o all_o monarch_n and_o such_o a_o entire_a subjection_n as_o sir_n r._n f._n and_o you_o yourself_o exact_a from_o subject_n can_v produce_v nothing_o but_o a_o flavish_a dread_a without_o that_o esteem_n and_o affection_n for_o their_o prince_n person_n and_o government_n which_o be_v so_o necessary_a for_o the_o quiet_a of_o prince_n and_o which_o they_o may_v always_o have_v whilst_o they_o think_v themselves_o oblige_v in_o conscience_n and_o honour_n to_o protect_v their_o life_n and_o fortune_n from_o slavery_n and_o oppression_n according_a to_o the_o just_a and_o know_v law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o not_o to_o dispense_v with_o they_o in_o great_a and_o essential_a point_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o those_o who_o have_v a_o hand_n in_o the_o make_n of_o they_o and_o all_o false_a notion_n of_o this_o supreme_a power_n as_o derive_v from_o i_o know_v not_o what_o fatherly_a but_o indeed_o despotic_a power_n be_v so_o far_o from_o settle_v in_o people_n mind_n a_o sober_a and_o rational_a obedience_n to_o government_n that_o they_o rather_o make_v they_o desperate_a and_o careless_a who_o be_v their_o master_n since_o let_v what_o change_n will_v come_v they_o can_v expect_v no_o better_o than_o to_o be_v slave_n nor_o be_v subject_n put_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n by_o this_o doctrine_n of_o absolute_a non_fw-fr resistance_n since_o all_o prince_n be_v not_o of_o so_o generous_a a_o nature_n as_o not_o to_o tyrannize_v and_o insult_v the_o more_o over_o those_o who_o they_o suppose_v will_v not_o or_o else_o dare_v not_o resist_v they_o and_o therefore_o i_o can_v see_v how_o such_o a_o submission_n can_v soften_v the_o heart_n of_o the_o most_o cruel_a prince_n in_o the_o world_n as_o you_o suppose_v much_o less_o how_o resistance_n in_o some_o case_n can_v enrage_v the_o mild_a prince_n to_o their_o people_n ruin_n since_o all_o resistance_n of_o such_o mild_a and_o merciful_a prince_n i_o grant_v to_o be_v utter_o unlawful_a nor_o do_v i_o hold_v resistance_n ever_o to_o be_v practise_v but_o where_o the_o people_n be_v already_o ruin_v in_o their_o liberty_n and_o fortune_n or_o be_v just_a at_o the_o brink_n of_o it_o and_o have_v no_o other_o mean_n leave_v but_o that_o to_o avoid_v it_o to_o conclude_v i_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o you_o that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o all_o that_o be_v bear_v under_o a_o kingly_a government_n limit_v by_o law_n to_o be_v very_o thankful_a to_o god_n for_o the_o favour_n and_o to_o do_v the_o utmost_a that_o in_o they_o lie_v to_o preserve_v and_o transmit_v this_o best_a form_n of_o government_n to_o their_o child_n after_o they_o without_o maintain_v such_o unintelligible_a fiction_n as_o a_o paternal_a monarchy_n derive_v from_o adam_n or_o noah_n and_o though_o i_o own_o that_o some_o of_o our_o former_a king_n have_v take_v the_o best_a care_n they_o can_v to_o secure_v this_o nation_n from_o popery_n and_o arbitrary_a power_n yet_o whether_o the_o method_n of_o our_o three_o last_o king_n have_v be_v the_o ready_a way_n to_o secure_v we_o from_o the_o fear_n of_o it_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o your_o own_o conscience_n if_o you_o be_v a_o protestant_n to_o judge_v but_o since_o you_o defy_v i_o to_o show_v you_o out_o of_o sir_n r._n f_n patriarcha_fw-la that_o he_o have_v ascribe_v one_o dram_n of_o power_n to_o prince_n which_o do_v not_o natural_o arise_v from_o a_o supreme_a paternal_a power_n and_o that_o this_o be_v
it_o be_v as_o he_o now_o make_v it_o they_o still_o remain_v under_o the_o paternal_a power_n of_o the_o former_a prince_n and_o the_o usurper_n govern_v only_o as_o his_o deputy_n wâ—ich_a be_v a_o very_a choice_n refine_a notion_n by_o which_o all_o man_n have_v be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o yield_v as_o full_o a_o obedience_n to_o crâ—mwell_n and_o the_o rump_n in_o all_o thing_n that_o do_v not_o tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o â—he_n 〈◊〉_d king_n person_n as_o to_o he_o himself_o which_o i_o suppose_v you_o high_a royalist_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n admit_v of_o but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o main_a matter_n that_o i_o have_v to_o except_v against_o for_o if_o the_o principle_n i_o have_v read_v out_o of_o that_o treatise_n be_v true_a that_o the_o right_n of_o a_o lawful_a monarch_n and_o his_o right_a heir_n be_v a_o divine_a right_n and_o that_o no_o length_n of_o time_n or_o prescription_n can_v bar_v it_o because_o a_o divine_a right_n never_o die_v can_v be_v lose_v or_o take_v away_o till_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o right_a heir_n be_v lose_v by_o all_o the_o subject_n and_o till_o when_o usurper_n and_o their_o heir_n can_v never_o acquire_v a_o absolute_a and_o indefeasible_a right_n in_o the_o kingdom_n they_o possess_v it_o will_v certain_o follow_v that_o the_o title_n that_o most_o prince_n of_o christenâ—om_n have_v to_o their_o crown_n will_v be_v hereby_o render_v disputable_a and_o uncertain_a for_o since_o this_o author_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o title_n of_o most_o king_n at_o this_o day_n begin_v by_o unjust_a conquest_n or_o usurpation_n at_o first_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o many_o of_o which_o expulse_v or_o depose_v prince_n be_v still_o or_o wear_v late_o in_o be_v they_o may_v upon_o this_o pretence_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o prince_n in_o possession_n and_o his_o heir_n to_o the_o world_n end_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v he_o say_v that_o a_o usurper_n be_v to_o be_v full_o obey_v when_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o right_a heir_n be_v lose_v by_o all_o the_o subject_n it_o be_v extreme_o uncertain_a and_o doubtful_a what_o he_o mean_v by_o it_o for_o if_o he_o mean_v a_o personal_a knowledge_n few_o ordinary_a subject_n but_o those_o that_o have_v personal_o know_v all_o the_o royal_a family_n can_v thus_o know_v who_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n and_o so_o consequent_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o his_o father_n or_o ancestor_n that_o hold_v the_o throne_n be_v turn_v out_o or_o dead_a few_o private_a subject_n can_v have_v any_o personal_a knowledge_n of_o this_o heir_n but_o if_o he_o mean_v a_o moral_a or_o traditional_a knowledge_n such_o as_o be_v convey_v down_o to_o posterity_n by_o history_n authentic_a record_n or_o genealogy_n i_o know_v not_o how_o such_o a_o knowledge_n can_v ever_o be_v say_v to_o be_v lose_v as_o long_o as_o such_o history_n or_o memorial_n remain_v in_o be_v and_o that_o this_o be_v so_o be_v apparent_a many_o prince_n in_o europe_n have_v upon_o this_o ground_n better_o right_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o some_o neighbour_a kingdom_n than_o those_o that_o wear_v they_o and_o we_o know_v that_o by_o virtue_n of_o such_o a_o old_a title_n from_o charles_n the_o great_a the_o king_n of_o france_n look_v upon_o himself_o to_o have_v a_o good_a title_n to_o alsatia_n flanders_n and_o all_o the_o low_a country_n and_o as_o much_o of_o germany_n as_o he_o can_v get_v so_o that_o i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o to_o judge_v whether_o these_o principle_n do_v not_o only_o render_v the_o title_n of_o most_o prince_n doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a but_o the_o subject_n allegiance_n too_o m._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o sir_n r._n f._n may_v have_v carry_v this_o point_n of_o obedience_n and_o submission_n to_o usurper_n and_o of_o a_o concurrent_a right_n in_o the_o lawful_a monarch_n and_o his_o heir_n a_o little_a too_o far_o for_o i_o think_v it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o suppose_v with_o grotius_n and_o other_o writer_n that_o after_o the_o three_o generation_n or_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o family_n of_o the_o usurper_n they_o may_v have_v a_o good_a and_o perfect_a title_n to_o their_o crown_n against_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o lawful_a monarch_n and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v high_o reasonable_a for_o the_o peace_n and_o welfare_n of_o mankind_n than_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v always_o divide_v in_o their_o allegiance_n between_o two_o opposite_a prince_n but_o till_o then_o i_o suppose_v the_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o assist_v and_o stand_v for_o the_o lawful_a heir_n and_o his_o posterity_n as_o far_o as_o be_v possible_a without_o their_o own_o apparent_a destruction_n f._n i_o confess_v this_o supposition_n be_v much_o more_o reasonable_a than_o the_o former_a but_o i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v by_o what_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n the_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o a_o crown_n by_o a_o usurper_n and_o his_o heir_n just_a for_o three_o generation_n or_o succession_n shall_v give_v a_o prince_n a_o better_a title_n than_o three_o or_o four_o year_n possession_n for_o god_n may_v have_v declare_v his_o will_n as_o sufficient_o in_o that_o time_n as_o in_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o and_o if_o your_o reason_n be_v good_a that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o peace_n and_o safety_n of_o mankind_n that_o the_o title_n of_o the_o right_a heir_n shall_v be_v lose_v and_o extinct_a after_o such_o a_o time_n i_o can_v see_v why_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v more_o for_o the_o good_a of_o mankind_n that_o their_o allegiance_n shall_v be_v settle_v and_o ascertain_v in_o a_o far_o less_o space_n that_o be_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o conqueror_n or_o usurper_n be_v quiet_o settle_v in_o the_o throne_n and_o have_v receive_v the_o consent_n or_o submission_n of_o all_o the_o subject_n but_o i_o do_v not_o desire_v at_o present_a to_o enter_v any_o far_o into_o this_o knotty_a dispute_n about_o conquest_n or_o usurpation_n but_o i_o rather_o desire_v to_o refer_v it_o to_o our_o next_o meeting_n m._n well_o since_o you_o will_v have_v it_o so_o i_o yield_v to_o it_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o can_v but_o smile_v at_o your_o great_a partiality_n to_o the_o people_n who_o upon_o your_o principle_n if_o they_o have_v but_o once_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o the_o usurper_n he_o shall_v present_o have_v as_o good_a a_o title_n as_o the_o most_o rightful_a monarch_n in_o the_o world_n so_o that_o cromwell_n have_v have_v this_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n in_o his_o mock-parliament_n have_v as_o good_a a_o title_n as_o king_n charles_n ii_o so_o that_o notwithstanding_o whatever_o you_o may_v pretend_v to_o the_o contrary_a you_o be_v no_o such_o enemy_n to_o usurper_n as_o you_o will_v make_v yourself_o but_o however_o you_o have_v no_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n even_o by_o your_o own_o principle_n to_o except_v against_o this_o author_n hypothesis_n of_o transfer_v the_o subject_n allegiance_n by_o a_o conquest_n or_o usurpation_n f._n i_o do_v not_o deny_v what_o you_o say_v but_o then_o the_o conquest_n must_v be_v in_o a_o just_a or_o lawful_a war_n or_o else_o if_o the_o great_a turk_n or_o french_a king_n shall_v without_o any_o provocation_n give_v make_v war_n upon_o and_o conquer_v this_o kingdom_n and_o use_v the_o people_n with_o the_o high_a tyranny_n and_o cruelty_n they_o must_v be_v all_o bind_v in_o conscience_n not_o only_o to_o become_v but_o continue_v absolute_a subject_n nay_o slave_n to_o such_o a_o conqueror_n without_o any_o resistance_n but_o let_v the_o power_n of_o usurper_n or_o conqueror_n be_v what_o it_o will_v i_o be_o sure_a it_o can_v be_v that_o of_o paternal_a authority_n for_o the_o reason_n already_o give_v nor_o can_v it_o be_v the_o usurpation_n or_o acquisition_n of_o the_o power_n of_o a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n for_o then_o the_o subject_n not_o be_v the_o child_n of_o the_o conqueror_n or_o usurper_n must_v be_v all_o slave_n instead_o of_o subject_n so_o that_o i_o must_v again_o tell_v you_o that_o it_o be_v from_o your_o want_n of_o distinguish_v between_o paternal_a masterly_a and_o regaâ—_n authority_n which_o have_v lead_v you_o into_o all_o these_o mistake_n in_o this_o matter_n for_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o father_n a_o master_n and_o a_o king_n be_v all_o real_o distinct_a and_o different_a so_o that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v not_o the_o other_o as_o any_o man_n may_v easy_o perceive_v that_o do_v but_o hear_v the_o three_o name_n pronounce_v to_o he_o and_o consider_v their_o signification_n and_o therefore_o quit_v this_o subject_a for_o the_o present_a if_o you_o have_v any_o better_a argument_n to_o prove_v your_o divine_a institution_n of_o monarchy_n pray_v produce_v they_o for_o it_o grow_v late_o m._n i_o shall_v ready_o obey_v your_o command_n but_o pray_v sir_n
the_o people_n may_v sometime_o happen_v to_o abuse_v this_o natural_a right_n of_o judge_v and_o resist_v by_o exert_v it_o when_o there_o be_v no_o real_a and_o absolute_a necessity_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o they_o be_v whole_o debar_v from_o it_o because_o they_o may_v happen_v sometime_o to_o abuse_v it_o the_o free_a people_n in_o the_o world_n viz._n our_o self_n for_o example_n may_v easy_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o condition_n of_o absolute_a slavery_n and_o beggary_n and_o that_o without_o all_o remedy_n by_o any_o humane_a mean_n that_o i_o can_v think_v of_o and_o which_o be_v the_o worst_a mischief_n of_o these_o two_o i_o leave_v to_o yourself_o or_o any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o judge_n m._n if_o you_o will_v have_v my_o opinion_n in_o this_o pointâ—_n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o that_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o find_v out_o a_o mischief_n so_o destructive_a to_o the_o people_n and_o which_o they_o shall_v exchange_v for_o this_o miserable_a state_n of_o war_n which_o you_o suppose_v may_v prove_v so_o beneficial_a to_o they_o and_o yet_o i_o doubt_v if_o it_o be_v thorough_o look_v into_o not_o only_o the_o doctrine_n itself_o but_o also_o the_o last_a war_n and_o misery_n it_o may_v produce_v will_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o contrary_a since_o the_o cruel_a tyranny_n slavery_n and_o loss_n of_o estate_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o almost_o may_v be_v better_o bear_v with_o in_o peace_n and_o unity_n than_o a_o civil_a war_n with_o the_o great_a liberty_n and_o plenty_n see_v all_o such_o comfort_n will_v quick_o be_v devour_v like_o pharaoh_n fat_a cow_n by_o such_o a_o cruel_a mâ—nster_n feed_v in_o their_o bowel_n and_o therefore_o since_o civil_a war_n be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a calamity_n and_o punishment_n that_o god_n use_v to_o send_v upon_o a_o nation_n it_o seem_v evident_a to_o i_o that_o the_o welfare_n of_o any_o state_n or_o people_n require_v they_o to_o be_v obedient_a unto_o the_o supreme_a power_n though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o great_a oppressor_n or_o cruel_a tyrant_n for_o when_o once_o they_o enter_v into_o this_o dismal_a state_n of_o war_n who_o can_v tell_v whether_o it_o will_v have_v a_o end_n without_o almost_o the_o total_a destruction_n of_o the_o nation_n or_o at_o least_o by_o bring_v they_o into_o a_o far_o worse_a condition_n of_o slavery_n and_o suffer_v than_o they_o be_v before_o since_o the_o state_n of_o prince_n or_o other_o supreme_a power_n can_v never_o be_v so_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a in_o the_o world_n as_o not_o to_o find_v when_o like_a to_o be_v oppress_v by_o such_o insurrection_n and_o rebellion_n of_o their_o subject_n sufficient_a assistance_n from_o neighbour_a prince_n or_o state_n who_o make_v the_o cause_n of_o such_o a_o prince_n their_o own_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o assist_v he_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n it_o be_v find_v true_a by_o experience_n as_o tully_n long_o ago_o observe_v manil._n that_o the_o afflict_a state_n of_o king_n do_v easy_o draw_v the_o help_n and_o pity_n of_o many_o other_o especial_o of_o those_o who_o be_v either_o king_n themselves_o or_o do_v live_v in_o a_o kingdom_n the_o regal_a name_n be_v by_o they_o esteem_v to_o be_v great_a and_o sacred_a and_o far_a how_o ready_a a_o way_n it_o be_v to_o subvert_v the_o state_n of_o any_o such_o distracted_a kingdom_n and_o to_o bring_v it_o under_o the_o subjection_n of_o foreigner_n we_o need_v not_o seek_v a_o plain_a proof_n than_o by_o a_o example_n no_o far_o off_o than_o ireland_n where_o dermâ—t_a king_n of_o leinster_n be_v force_v by_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n to_o â—rave_v the_o aid_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o for_o his_o restoration_n to_o his_o kingdom_n his_o assistance_n to_o recover_v his_o right_n produce_v that_o effect_n which_o we_o now_o see_v viz._n that_o the_o irish_a lose_v their_o dominion_n and_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n even_o to_o this_o day_n and_o suppose_v that_o the_o subject_n may_v likewise_o be_v assist_v by_o some_o foreign_a prince_n who_o will_v undertake_v their_o deliverance_n they_o will_v not_o be_v in_o a_o much_o bâ—ttâ—r_a condition_n since_o if_o he_o be_v a_o absolute_a monarch_n himself_o he_o will_v be_v 〈◊〉_d for_o example_n sake_n as_o well_o as_o for_o their_o own_o security_n to_o carry_v as_o strict_a a_o hard_a over_o tâ—em_n and_o use_v they_o more_o severe_o than_o their_o own_o prince_n have_v do_v before_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o lewis_n prince_n of_o france_n have_v be_v crown_v king_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o he_o be_v very_o near_o it_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o king_n john_n reign_n but_o that_o he_o will_v have_v be_v more_o cruel_a and_o tyrannical_a than_o ever_o king_n john_n have_v be_v before_o so_o that_o they_o will_v have_v get_v nothing_o by_o the_o bargain_n but_o a_o change_n of_o master_n and_o a_o heavy_a yoke_n impose_v upon_o they_o by_o a_o foreigner_n and_o so_o much_o the_o viscount_n melun_n confess_v upon_o his_o death_n bed_n to_o many_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o their_o return_v again_o to_o their_o allegiance_n to_o henry_n the_o three_o so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o have_v be_v much_o better_a for_o the_o baron_n and_o nobility_n of_o this_o kingdom_n never_o to_o have_v stir_v or_o rebel_v at_o all_o against_o their_o lawful_a prince_n f._n you_o seem_v so_o in_o love_n with_o slavery_n and_o all_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v a_o hundred_o pity_n but_o that_o you_o shall_v feel_v the_o smart_n of_o it_o a_o little_a while_n provide_v no_o body_n be_v to_o suffer_v by_o it_o but_o your_o self_n and_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n but_o can_v you_o see_v the_o miserable_a condition_n those_o poor_a people_n be_v in_o who_o live_v under_o arbitrary_a and_o tyrannical_a government_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o you_o will_v be_v of_o another_o mind_n and_o prefer_v a_o war_n though_o never_o so_o violent_a before_o such_o a_o peace_n for_o when_o man_n be_v once_o reduce_v to_o so_o desperate_a a_o condition_n as_o neither_o to_o be_v secure_v of_o their_o life_n liberty_n or_o estate_n they_o may_v have_v some_o hope_n to_o redress_v themselves_o by_o resistance_n but_o need_v not_o fear_v to_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o worse_a condition_n than_o they_o be_v before_o and_o therefore_o i_o can_v understand_v how_o all_o the_o comfort_n of_o a_o civil_a life_n will_v then_o be_v lose_v by_o a_o civil_a waâ—_n when_o i_o have_v already_o putit_a as_o a_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o case_n that_o subject_n be_v never_o to_o make_v such_o a_o resistance_n but_o when_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v just_a about_o to_o begin_v or_o else_o have_v actual_o enter_v into_o a_o state_n of_o war_n against_o their_o subject_n for_o what_o can_v any_o foreign_a enemy_n do_v more_o if_o he_o conquer_v they_o than_o take_v away_o their_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n so_o that_o this_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o state_n of_o peace_n that_o indeed_o the_o people_n be_v already_o expose_v to_o all_o the_o calamity_n of_o war_n but_o a_o war_n which_o you_o suppose_v may_v be_v make_v without_o any_o resistance_n whilst_o the_o subject_n forsooth_o be_v bind_v to_o keep_v the_o peace_n but_o much_o such_o another_o peace_n as_o will_v be_v in_o a_o house_n unto_o which_o thief_n have_v break_v and_o the_o inhabitant_n retire_v into_o some_o upper_a room_n there_o stand_v upon_o their_o guard_n and_o make_v resistance_n whilst_o the_o thief_n have_v seize_v upon_o all_o they_o have_v below_o one_o of_o they_o shall_v make_v such_o a_o speech_n as_o this_o i_o pray_v sir_n come_v down_o and_o submit_v yourselves_o to_o we_o for_o we_o assure_v you_o we_o intend_v not_o to_o kill_v you_o but_o only_o to_o bind_v you_o and_o take_v away_o all_o you_o have_v and_o be_v not_o slavery_n and_o loss_n of_o good_n better_a with_o peace_n and_o safety_n than_o by_o assault_v we_o to_o provoke_v we_o to_o fire_v the_o house_n and_o kill_v you_o all_o for_o if_o you_o once_o enter_v into_o a_o state_n of_o war_n with_o we_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a to_o end_v with_o your_o total_a destruction_n for_o if_o you_o continue_v to_o resist_v we_o or_o think_v to_o call_v in_o company_n to_o your_o assistance_n we_o can_v likewise_o call_v in_o many_o more_o of_o our_o party_n to_o come_v and_o help_v we_o and_o then_o eâ—pâ—â—t_v no_o mercy_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o will_v not_o this_o be_v a_o very_a rational_a argument_n to_o move_v these_o people_n to_o come_v down_o and_o surrender_v themselves_o to_o these_o thief_n and_o partake_v of_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o excellent_a peace_n they_o propose_v and_o whether_o they_o will_v not_o tell_v
they_o that_o by_o shoot_v they_o will_v also_o call_v in_o the_o neighbour_a town_n who_o may_v be_v too_o strong_a for_o all_o their_o fellow_n thief_n now_o if_o you_o will_v but_o take_v these_o honest_a people_n of_o the_o next_o town_n for_o such_o neighbour_a prince_n or_o state_n who_o may_v join_v in_o the_o assistance_n of_o such_o a_o oppress_v people_n this_o simile_n will_v full_o answer_v your_o argument_n of_o those_o neighbour_a prince_n that_o may_v take_v part_n with_o a_o oppress_v tyrant_n and_o as_o for_o the_o consequence_n of_o such_o assistance_n on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o the_o other_o that_o it_o may_v happen_v to_o bring_v they_o into_o a_o worse_a condition_n than_o they_o be_v before_o viz._n a_o subjection_n to_o foreigner_n as_o i_o have_v put_v the_o case_n it_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n to_o detâ—r_v the_o people_n from_o resist_v for_o if_o they_o be_v as_o i_o suppose_v reduce_v to_o a_o condition_n of_o slavery_n before_o and_o have_v lose_v all_o their_o liberty_n and_o property_n how_o can_v we_o imagine_v they_o in_o a_o worse_a case_n than_o they_o be_v already_o and_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o such_o a_o people_n whether_o their_o own_o or_o a_o strange_a prince_n do_v tyrannize_v over_o and_o oppress_v they_o nay_o be_v i_o to_o take_v my_o choice_n i_o have_v much_o rather_o be_v tyrannize_v over_o and_o oppress_v by_o a_o foreigner_n than_o from_o my_o own_o natural_a prince_n since_o the_o former_a conâ—ing_n in_o by_o force_n and_o without_o any_o precedent_a promise_n or_o compact_v i_o lie_v whole_o at_o his_o mercy_n who_o have_v no_o obligation_n upon_o he_o &_o i_o have_v much_o rather_o if_o i_o be_v to_o be_v â—_o slave_n be_v so_o to_o a_o stranger_n than_o to_o my_o own_o father_n if_o i_o be_v assure_v that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o will_v use_v i_o with_o like_a severity_n and_o to_o answer_v your_o instance_n of_o your_o irish_a king_n i_o think_v that_o nation_n have_v be_v so_o far_o from_o lose_v any_o thing_n by_o their_o subjection_n to_o the_o english_a government_n that_o they_o have_v gain_v far_o great_a privilege_n and_o liberty_n both_o for_o their_o person_n and_o estate_n than_o ever_o they_o enjoy_v under_o their_o own_o prince_n so_o that_o they_o be_v rather_o the_o better_a than_o the_o worse_a by_o the_o change_n and_o as_o for_o your_o other_o example_n of_o prince_n lewis_n it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n will_v have_v be_v either_o better_a or_o worse_o under_o a_o french_a king_n but_o thus_o much_o i_o be_o sure_a of_o that_o have_v king_n john_n proceed_v in_o that_o tyrannical_a course_n against_o his_o baron_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o subject_n they_o can_v scarce_o have_v be_v in_o a_o worse_a condition_n under_o the_o french_a nay_o the_o moor_n themselves_o haâ—_n king_n john_n actual_o surrender_v his_o crown_n to_o the_o sarracâ—n_a emperor_n as_o the_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n relate_v he_o offer_v to_o do_v nor_o can_v i_o be_v of_o your_o opinion_n that_o iâ—_n have_v be_v much_o better_a for_o the_o baron_n and_o nobility_n of_o this_o kingdom_n never_o to_o have_v stir_v or_o resist_v the_o king_n at_o all_o since_o if_o they_o have_v not_o they_o have_v never_o obtain_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o our_o liberty_n from_o he_o and_o if_o they_o have_v not_o as_o vigorous_o defend_v it_o when_o they_o have_v once_o get_v it_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o people_n of_o england_n have_v be_v long_o before_o this_o time_n in_o the_o same_o condition_n at_o to_o their_o liberty_n and_o property_n as_o some_o of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n all_o which_o be_v sufficient_a i_o think_v to_o prove_v that_o resistance_n in_o desperate_a and_o unavoidable_a case_n be_v not_o attend_v with_o those_o mischief_n and_o inconvenience_n you_o suppose_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o say_v much_o more_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o lose_a discourse_n since_o it_o will_v be_v to_o little_a purpose_n but_o only_o take_v notice_n that_o simile_n be_v not_o argument_n and_o therefore_o your_o comparison_n between_o thief_n and_o honest_a man_n do_v not_o hold_v as_o to_o prince_n and_o subject_n since_o sure_a there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v obey_v as_o the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n and_o those_o who_o be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o they_o and_o thief_n who_o act_n direct_o contrary_a to_o god_n will_v and_o honest_a man_n who_o have_v no_o obligation_n to_o they_o may_v just_o resist_v they_o so_o that_o if_o that_o be_v false_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o comparison_n will_v signify_v nothing_o and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o much_o for_o its_o credit_n to_o have_v be_v extort_a by_o force_n and_o afterward_o defend_v by_o rebellion_n though_o i_o will_v not_o go_v about_o to_o impeach_v the_o validity_n of_o it_o since_o so_o many_o of_o our_o succeed_v king_n have_v so_o solemn_o and_o voluntary_o confirm_v it_o only_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o it_o be_v whole_o derive_v from_o the_o grace_n and_o bounty_n of_o our_o monarch_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v not_o to_o resist_v though_o it_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v sometime_o and_o in_o some_o particular_a case_n break_v and_o infringe_v by_o the_o king_n for_o some_o great_a occasion_n or_o necessity_n of_o which_o we_o be_v not_o competent_a judge_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o evil_a consequence_n that_o may_v attend_v your_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n i_o think_v the_o benefit_n will_v be_v much_o great_a to_o the_o people_n by_o strict_o adhere_v to_o those_o doctrine_n of_o absolute_a subjection_n and_o nonresistance_n than_o by_o propagate_a you_o of_o rebellion_n for_o if_o the_o former_a be_v constant_o teach_v and_o inculcate_v as_o most_o beneficial_a for_o they_o and_o if_o they_o be_v once_o real_o persuade_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o and_o will_v both_o constant_o profess_v and_o practice_v it_o it_o will_v make_v all_o prince_n much_o more_o gentle_a and_o mild_a to_o their_o subject_n than_o otherwise_o at_o some_o time_n they_o be_v for_o now_o they_o be_v still_o fearful_a that_o they_o will_v take_v the_o first_o opportunity_n they_o can_v to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o they_o and_o upon_o the_o least_o grievance_n or_o misgovernment_n to_o resist_v their_o authority_n for_o then_o prince_n not_o need_v to_o keep_v any_o such_o constant_a guard_n and_o stand_v army_n may_v afford_v to_o lay_v much_o easy_a tax_n and_o imposition_n upon_o they_o for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o support_v of_o the_o government_n than_o now_o they_o do_v and_o in_o short_a will_v have_v much_o few_o temptation_n to_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n can_v they_o be_v once_o assure_v of_o their_o subject_n absolute_a obedience_n and_o subjection_n whereas_o when_o they_o be_v under_o those_o 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to_o maintain_v their_o own_o state_n and_o grandeur_n and_o magnificence_n of_o their_o kingdom_n but_o i_o can_v think_v that_o these_o word_n contain_v the_o original_a grant_n and_o charter_n of_o regal_a power_n but_o only_o the_o translation_n that_o be_v former_o in_o their_o high-priest_n or_o judge_n to_o king_n king_n have_v no_o more_o power_n than_o their_o other_o governor_n have_v for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o power_n great_a than_o that_o which_o be_v irresistible_a but_o this_o power_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o king_n be_v likely_a to_o be_v more_o burdensome_a and_o oppressive_a to_o they_o than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o priest_n and_o judge_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o different_a way_n of_o live_v which_o be_v the_o only_a argument_n samuel_n make_v use_v of_o to_o dissuade_v they_o from_o transfer_v the_o supreme_a and_o sovereign_a power_n to_o a_o king_n and_o therefore_o i_o rather_o choose_v to_o translate_v mishpat_o as_o our_o translator_n do_v by_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o king_n than_o with_o some_o learned_a man_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o king_n thereby_o understand_v the_o original_a charter_n of_o kingly_a power_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o regal_a power_n which_o samuel_n here_o blame_v which_o be_v much_o like_o that_o which_o he_o himself_o â—ad_v exercise_v while_o he_o be_v supreme_a judge_n of_o israel_n but_o their_o pompous_a way_n of_o live_v which_o will_v prove_v very_o oppressive_a and_o burdensome_a to_o they_o and_o be_v apt_a to_o make_v they_o complain_v who_o have_v not_o be_v use_v to_o such_o exaction_n f._n you_o have_v i_o must_v confess_v make_v a_o much_o fair_a exposition_n of_o this_o out_o of_o samuel_n than_o divers_a of_o our_o hot_a and_o giddy_a divine_n who_o will_v render_v this_o mishpat_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hebrew_n i._n e._n the_o manner_n of_o the_o king_n by_o right_a of_o the_o king_n whereby_o they_o will_v entitle_v all_o king_n whatsoever_o to_o a_o absolute_a right_n to_o all_o their_o subject_n estate_n when_o ever_o they_o will_v take_v they_o away_o not_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o word_n mishpat_o be_v sometime_o use_v not_o only_o in_o a_o good_a but_o a_o bad_a sense_n not_o for_o right_n or_o power_n but_o for_o a_o evil_a custom_n or_o abuse_v and_o therefore_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n of_o samuel_n that_o speak_v of_o the_o son_n of_o eli_n who_o be_v son_n of_o belial_n they_o know_v not_o the_o lord_n 14._o that_o the_o priest_n viz._n their_o custom_n with_o the_o people_n be_v that_o when_o any_o man_n offer_v sacrifice_n the_o priest_n servant_n come_v whilst_o the_o flesh_n be_v in_o seethe_v with_o a_o fleshhook_n of_o three_o tooth_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o he_o strike_v it_o into_o the_o pan_n or_o kettle_n or_o cauldron_n or_o pot_n all_o that_o the_o flâ—sh_a book_n bring_v up_o the_o priest_n take_v for_o himself_o so_o they_o do_v in_o shiloh_n unto_o all_o the_o israelite_n that_o come_v thither_o where_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o observe_v that_o that_o which_o be_v render_v in_o our_o translation_n the_o priest_n custom_n be_v in_o the_o hebrew_n mishpat_o which_o you_o render_v right_o so_o that_o if_o this_o word_n will_v do_v it_o these_o wicked_a priest_n have_v also_o a_o right_a to_o take_v away_o as_o much_o of_o every_o man_n sacrifice_n as_o they_o please_v for_o themselves_o nay_o to_o take_v it_o before_o god_n himself_o be_v serve_v and_o the_o fat_a burn_v according_a to_o the_o rite_n of_o sacrifice_a and_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n king_n also_o by_o this_o word_n mishpat_o shall_v have_v a_o right_a to_o take_v what_o they_o please_v of_o the_o subject_n estate_n i_o do_v like_o wise_a also_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o you_o that_o samuel_n do_v not_o here_o describe_v a_o a_o tyrant_n but_o one_o of_o those_o absolute_a eastern_a prince_n who_o make_v use_v of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o subject_n estate_n as_o they_o do_v at_o this_o day_n to_o maintain_v their_o stand_a army_n and_o royal_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n so_o that_o i_o grant_v in_o short_a samuel_n mean_v no_o more_o when_o he_o thus_o speak_v to_o they_o but_o since_o you_o will_v have_v a_o king_n he_o must_v be_v maintain_v like_o a_o king_n and_o very_o great_a tax_n will_v be_v lay_v upon_o you_o for_o this_o end_n of_o which_o burden_n if_o you_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v weary_a or_o will_v cast_v it_o off_o again_o you_o shall_v by_o no_o mean_n do_v it_o for_o since_o this_o king_n shall_v obtain_v the_o crown_n not_o only_o by_o god_n appointment_n but_o by_o your_o own_o choice_n or_o election_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v in_o your_o power_n again_o to_o depose_v he_o since_o it_o be_v your_o own_o act_n and_o therefore_o samuel_n tell_v they_o that_o when_o they_o shall_v cry_v unto_o the_o lord_n in_o that_o day_n because_o of_o the_o king_n which_o they_o have_v choose_v the_o lord_n will_v not_o hear_v they_o and_o as_o long_o as_o this_o king_n keep_v himself_o within_o these_o bound_n i_o grant_v he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v yet_o nevertheless_o this_o place_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v as_o it_o be_v very_o far_o from_o patronise_a tyranny_n or_o all_o the_o abuse_n of_o regal_a power_n so_o neither_o do_v i_o think_v it_o be_v samuel_n meaning_n to_o make_v the_o king_n of_o israel_n so_o absolute_a or_o irresistible_a as_o that_o upon_o no_o account_n whatsoever_o the_o people_n may_v disobey_v or_o resist_v they_o let_v they_o use_v this_o power_n never_o so_o wicked_o nay_o contrary_a to_o god_n express_v command_n and_o the_o end_n of_o all_o civil_a government_n and_o therefore_o pray_v tell_v i_o suppose_v instead_o of_o these_o necessary_a burden_n which_o they_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o when_o they_o have_v a_o king_n samuel_n have_v speak_v thus_o to_o they_o this_o king_n who_o you_o desire_v shall_v prove_v a_o idolater_n and_o as_o cruel_a a_o tyrant_n as_o pharaoh_n or_o any_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o philistine_n canaanite_n or_o any_o other_o nation_n who_o so_o long_o tyrannize_v over_o you_o and_o shall_v take_v away_o all_o your_o estate_n and_o live_v too_o at_o his_o good_a pleasure_n without_o any_o crime_n or_o legal_a trial_n and_o in_o short_a will_v not_o only_a himself_o use_v you_o for_o slave_n but_o sell_v you_o and_o your_o child_n for_o bondman_n to_o the_o egyptian_n and_o other_o nation_n and_o shall_v lay_v such_o grievous_a tribute_n and_o burden_n upon_o you_o that_o you_o shall_v be_v scarce_o able_a to_o live_v under_o they_o now_o can_v any_o man_n think_v if_o the_o israelite_n have_v be_v real_o persuade_v that_o their_o king_n must_v have_v such_o a_o absolute_a and_o arbitrary_a power_n as_o a_o necessary_a and_o inseparable_a prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n they_o will_v ever_o have_v be_v so_o fond_a of_o such_o a_o government_n as_o to_o have_v cry_v out_o with_o one_o consent_n nay_o but_o we_o will_v have_v a_o king_n over_o we_o that_o we_o may_v be_v like_o other_o nation_n but_o sure_a not_o to_o tyrannize_v over_o and_o enslave_v we_o but_o that_o he_o may_v judge_v we_o 20._o and_o go_v out_o before_o we_o and_o fight_v our_o battle_n or_o do_v you_o think_v if_o they_o have_v have_v such_o a_o king_n as_o this_o they_o will_v ever_o have_v long_o endure_v he_o for_o that_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n do_v not_o conceive_v that_o their_o king_n have_v such_o a_o absolute_a and_o arbitrary_a power_n over_o they_o as_o to_o oppress_v they_o with_o tax_n and_o to_o make_v their_o yoke_n more_o grievous_a to_o they_o than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v or_o to_o tyrannize_v over_o they_o at_o his_o good_a pleasure_n appear_v plain_o by_o the_o story_n in_o the_o first_o of_o king_n concern_v the_o child_n of_o israel_n assemble_v together_o at_o sichem_n to_o make_v rehoboam_n king_n 12._o and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o preliminary_a condition_n of_o his_o government_n be_v these_o 3.4_o all_o the_o congregation_n of_o israel_n come_v and_o speak_v unto_o rehoboam_n say_v thy_o father_n make_v our_o yoke_n grievous_a now_o therefore_o make_v thou_o the_o grievous_a service_n of_o thy_o father_n and_o his_o heavy_a yoke_n which_o he_o put_v upon_o we_o light_a and_o we_o will_v serve_v thou_o but_o see_v the_o answer_n that_o rehoboam_n make_v they_o according_a to_o the_o wisdom_n of_o his_o young_a counselor_n 10.11_o my_o little_a finger_n shall_v be_v thick_a than_o my_o father_n loin_n and_o whereas_o my_o father_n do_v lade_v you_o with_o a_o heavy_a yoke_n i_o will_v add_v to_o your_o yoke_n my_o father_n have_v chastise_v you_o with_o whip_n but_o i_o will_v chastise_v you_o with_o scorpion_n and_o mark_v what_o follow_v upon_o this_o answer_n 16._o so_o when_o
hinder_v the_o king_n officer_n from_o head_v the_o people_n and_o put_v the_o first_o decree_n for_o their_o destruction_n in_o execution_n as_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v do_v have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o this_o last_o and_o for_o that_o great_a power_n which_o they_o perceive_v mordecai_n have_v at_o court_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v before_o that_o absolute_o unlawful_a for_o the_o whole_a jewish_a nation_n to_o have_v defend_v their_o life_n against_o those_o officer_n or_o other_o who_o will_v have_v go_v about_o to_o destroy_v they_o and_o have_v total_o extirpate_v their_o nation_n so_o that_o i_o take_v this_o decree_n not_o to_o confer_v any_o new_a right_n in_o the_o people_n of_o the_o jew_n to_o defend_v themselves_o but_o only_o to_o be_v a_o confirmation_n of_o that_o natural_a right_n of_o self-defence_n which_o all_o nation_n and_o every_o particular_a member_n of_o mankind_n have_v to_o preserve_v themselves_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o particular_a person_n be_v often_o oblige_v to_o give_v up_o this_o right_n for_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n yet_o do_v not_o thâ—_n law_n extend_v to_o whole_a nation_n or_o such_o body_n of_o people_n without_o which_o the_o common_a wealth_n can_v well_o subsist_v and_o therefore_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o any_o unprejudiced_a person_n to_o judge_v whether_o it_o have_v not_o be_v better_o that_o the_o jew_n shall_v have_v thus_o resist_v and_o save_v their_o life_n though_o without_o this_o second_o decree_n which_o only_o discourage_v the_o king_n officer_n and_o other_o from_o fall_v upon_o they_o than_o that_o all_o god_n peculiar_a people_n shall_v have_v lie_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o their_o enemy_n to_o be_v destroy_v according_a to_o the_o first_o cruel_a decree_n but_o far_a to_o convince_v you_o that_o the_o jew_n after_o the_o captivity_n do_v not_o think_v it_o unlawful_a to_o make_v use_n of_o defensive_a arm_n against_o cruel_a and_o persecute_v tyrant_n who_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v their_o religion_n and_o nation_n it_o be_v apparent_a from_o the_o famous_a example_n of_o the_o priest_n mattathias_n with_o judas_n maccabeus_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o son_n who_o successive_o head_v the_o people_n of_o the_o jew_n in_o that_o obstinate_a and_o noble_a resistance_n which_o they_o make_v against_o antiochus_n epiphanes_n though_o then_o their_o sovereign_n who_o when_o he_o have_v profane_v the_o temple_n and_o will_v have_v force_v the_o jew_n to_o renounce_v their_o circumcision_n and_o to_o have_v sacrifice_v to_o idol_n under_o pain_n of_o death_n they_o join_v together_o and_o resolve_v to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o to_o stand_v up_o for_o their_o religion_n and_o nation_n then_o ready_a to_o be_v destroy_v and_o you_o find_v by_o the_o history_n as_o it_o be_v relate_v in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o maccabee_n and_o josephus_n that_o god_n do_v bless_v those_o arm_n with_o success_n which_o they_o have_v take_v up_o in_o their_o own_o defence_n against_o a_o prince_n infinite_o more_o powerful_a than_o themselves_o who_o with_o his_o predecessor_n have_v be_v their_o sovereign_n for_o above_o 130_o year_n and_o though_o antiochus_n die_v long_o before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o war_n yet_o do_v they_o still_o prosecute_v it_o against_o his_o successor_n nor_o do_v they_o ever_o make_v peace_n with_o they_o till_o jonathan_n brother_n of_o judas_n who_o have_v before_o recover_v and_o purify_v the_o temple_n be_v acknowledge_v highpriest_n by_o alexander_n the_o pretend_a son_n of_o epiphanes_n and_o that_o they_o have_v cast_v off_o that_o yoke_n of_o subjection_n which_o they_o be_v under_o to_o the_o king_n of_o syria_n and_o have_v settle_v the_o government_n of_o their_o nation_n upon_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o asmonaean_a race_n in_o gratitude_n of_o that_o deliverance_n they_o so_o just_o owe_v to_o their_o piety_n and_o courage_n and_o which_o continue_v in_o this_o family_n till_o the_o conquest_n of_o judea_n by_o pompey_n after_o 106_o year_n free_a enjoyment_n of_o it_o so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o jew_n before_o the_o come_v of_o christ_n both_o priest_n and_o people_n do_v not_o think_v it_o unlawful_a to_o defend_v their_o life_n and_o religion_n in_o case_n of_o great_a extremity_n and_o that_o our_o saviour_n christ_n have_v any_o where_o by_o his_o gospel_n retrench_v whole_a nation_n of_o that_o liberty_n lie_v upon_o you_o to_o prove_v but_o to_o conclude_v as_o for_o the_o text_n you_o have_v cite_v out_o of_o the_o proverb_n that_o will_v do_v you_o as_o little_a service_n for_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v true_a that_o no_o man_n can_v say_v to_o a_o absolute_a king_n or_o monarch_n what_o do_v thou_o i._o e._n call_v he_o to_o account_n as_o his_o superior_a yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o a_o whole_a people_n or_o nation_n have_v no_o power_n to_o defend_v themselves_o in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o against_o his_o unjust_a violence_n or_o tyranny_n this_o not_o be_v the_o act_n of_o a_o superior_a but_o a_o equal_a as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v nor_o any_o political_a but_o a_o natural_a power_n m._n i_o confess_v this_o be_v the_o notable_a example_n of_o resistance_n that_o you_o have_v bring_v yet_o but_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v easy_o answer_v if_o we_o suppose_v with_o josepbus_fw-la and_o other_o author_n that_o though_o alexander_n the_o great_a be_v certain_o possess_v of_o palestine_n by_o right_a of_o conquest_n and_o the_o submission_n of_o the_o highpriest_n jaddus_n unto_o he_o yet_o his_o chief_a captain_n conspire_v together_o make_v such_o a_o scamble_a division_n of_o the_o empire_n among_o themselves_o as_o they_o can_v every_o one_o almost_o seek_v how_o he_o may_v suppress_v the_o rest_n and_o attain_v the_o whole_a alone_a for_o himself_o so_o as_o thereupon_o the_o jew_n be_v as_o free_v from_o the_o macedonian_n as_o any_o other_o of_o their_o border_v neighbour_n none_o of_o the_o say_a captain_n have_v any_o lawful_a interest_n or_o title_n to_o judah_n but_o that_o which_o turn_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o some_o other_o bring_v a_o great_a detriment_n for_o want_n of_o ability_n unto_o they_o for_o one_o of_o the_o say_a captain_n viz._n antiochus_n have_v get_v to_o himself_o a_o very_a great_a kingdom_n in_o syria_n and_o another_o viz._n ptolemy_n in_o egypt_n the_o jew_n dwell_v betwixt_o they_o both_o be_v miserable_o on_o every_o side_n vex_v by_o they_o sometime_o the_o egyptian_n by_o oppression_n and_o force_n bring_v they_o under_o their_o subjection_n and_o impose_v great_a tribute_n upon_o they_o and_o sometime_o the_o syrian_n grow_v mighty_a than_o the_o egyptian_n do_v likewise_o very_o great_o afflict_v they_o especial_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o antiochus_n epiphanes_n who_o invasion_n and_o government_n be_v most_o unjust_a and_o tyrannical_a 1.37_o he_o shed_v innocent_a blood_n on_o every_o side_n of_o the_o sanctuary_n spoil_v the_o temple_n erect_v in_o it_o the_o abomination_n of_o the_o gentile_n and_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v name_v the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n olympius_n not_o to_o mention_v the_o profanation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o unspeakable_a cruelty_n exercise_v upon_o those_o who_o refuse_v to_o offer_v sacrifice_n unto_o idol_n until_o mattathias_n move_v with_o the_o monstrous_a cruelty_n and_o tyranny_n of_o the_o say_v antiochus_n make_v open_a resistance_n the_o government_n of_o that_o tyram_fw-la be_v not_o then_o either_o general_o receive_v by_o submission_n or_o settle_v by_o continuance_n so_o that_o after_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a the_o jewish_a nation_n be_v govern_v by_o their_o own_o high-priest_n and_o sanhedrim_n and_o live_v according_a to_o their_o own_o law_n in_o all_o matter_n both_o civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a though_o more_o often_o i_o own_o with_o a_o subordination_n to_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n till_o this_o invasion_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o liberty_n by_o antiochus_n so_o that_o they_o have_v a_o legal_a right_n to_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n which_o can_v not_o without_o the_o high_a violence_n and_o injustice_n be_v take_v from_o they_o f._n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v concern_v this_o action_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o you_o will_v consider_v josephus_n better_a as_o also_o the_o two_o book_n of_o the_o maccabee_n you_o will_v find_v thâ—t_v not_o only_a antiochus_n epiphanes_n but_o also_o antiochus_n the_o great_a and_o seleucus_n philopater_n be_v true_a and_o lawful_a monarch_n of_o coelo-syria_n and_o consequent_o of_o palestine_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o have_v be_v war_n between_o antiochus_n the_o great_a and_o ptolemy_n philopater_n concern_v the_o dominion_n of_o that_o country_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a out_o of_o iosephus_n antiquity_n lib._n 12._o the_o that_o antiochus_n have_v re-conquered_a
our_o saviour_n be_v not_o sufficient_a of_o itself_o to_o make_v a_o law_n 100_o but_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o confirmation_n and_o additional_a authority_n of_o his_o own_o apostle_n but_o we_o may_v just_o suspect_v ourselves_o mistake_v in_o the_o meaning_n of_o our_o saviour_n word_n or_o in_o the_o intention_n and_o design_n of_o his_o suffering_n have_v none_o of_o his_o apostle_n who_o be_v immediate_o instruct_v by_o himself_o and_o acquaint_v with_o the_o most_o sacred_a mystery_n of_o his_o kingdom_n ever_o preach_v any_o such_o doctrine_n as_o this_o of_o subjection_n to_o prince_n and_o therefore_o to_o give_v you_o the_o more_o abundant_a assurance_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v plain_o show_v you_o that_o the_o apostle_n teach_v the_o same_o doctrine_n and_o imitate_v the_o example_n of_o their_o great_a master_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o st._n paul_n who_o have_v as_o full_o declare_v himself_o in_o this_o matter_n as_o it_o be_v possible_a any_o man_n can_v do_v 2._o by_o word_n let_v every_o soul_n be_v subject_a unto_o the_o high_a power_n for_o there_o be_v no_o power_n but_o of_o god_n the_o power_n that_o be_v be_v ordain_v of_o god_n whosoever_o therefore_o resist_v the_o power_n resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n and_o they_o that_o resist_v shall_v receive_v to_o themselves_o damnation_n this_o be_v a_o very_a express_a testimony_n against_o resistance_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v consider_v it_o at_o large_a for_o there_o have_v be_v various_a art_n use_v to_o pervert_v every_o word_n of_o it_o and_o to_o make_v this_o text_n speak_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o design_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o apostle_n in_o it_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v divide_v the_o word_n into_o three_o general_a part_n 1._o the_o doctrine_n the_o apostle_n instruct_v they_o in_o let_v every_o soul_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n 2._o the_o reason_n whereby_o he_o prove_v and_o enforce_v this_o doctrine_n for_o there_o be_v no_o power_n but_o of_o god_n the_o power_n that_o he_o be_v ordain_v of_o god_n whoever_o therefore_o resist_v the_o power_n resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n the_o punishment_n of_o such_o resistance_n and_o they_o that_o resist_v shall_v receive_v to_o themselves_o damnation_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o doctrine_n 102._o that_o every_o soul_n must_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n and_o here_o be_v three_o thing_n to_o be_v explain_v 1._o who_o be_v contain_v under_o this_o general_a expression_n of_o every_o soul_n 2._o who_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o high_a power_n 3._o what_o be_v mean_v by_o be_v subject_a 1._o who_o be_v contain_v under_o this_o general_a expression_n of_o every_o soul_n which_o by_o a_o ordinary_a hebraism_n signify_v every_o man_n for_o man_n be_v a_o compound_v creature_n of_o body_n and_o soul_n and_o either_o part_n of_o he_o be_v very_o often_o in_o scripture_n put_v for_o the_o whole_a sometime_o flesh_n and_o sometime_o soul_n signify_v the_o man_n and_o when_o every_o soul_n be_v oppose_v to_o the_o high_a power_n it_o must_v signify_v all_o man_n of_o what_o rank_n or_o condition_n soever_o they_o be_v who_o be_v not_o invest_v with_o this_o high_a power_n and_o again_o say_v he_o the_o design_n of_o the_o apostle_n as_o you_o shall_v hear_v more_o particular_o by_o and_o by_o be_v to_o forbid_v all_o resistance_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o have_v he_o know_v of_o any_o man_n or_o number_n of_o man_n who_o may_v lawful_o resist_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v express_a it_o in_o such_o general_a term_n as_o to_o forbid_v all_o without_o exception_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v now_o a_o little_a more_o close_o examine_v your_o main_a argument_n or_o indeed_o foundation_n of_o all_o that_o you_o have_v urge_v for_o resistance_n viz._n that_o though_o it_o be_v unlawful_a for_o private_a or_o particular_a man_n to_o resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n yet_o that_o it_o do_v not_o extend_v unto_o the_o whole_a or_o major_a part_n of_o a_o people_n or_o nation_n whenever_o they_o be_v outrageous_o oppress_v it_o or_o assault_v by_o the_o high_a power_n beyond_o what_o they_o suppose_v they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v 103._o whereas_o the_o apostle_n here_o command_v every_o soul_n to_o be_v subject_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n be_v subject_a to_o god_n they_o must_v also_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o prince_n too_o because_o he_o act_n by_o god_n authority_n and_o commission_n be_v a_o sovereign_a prince_n the_o people_n creature_n that_o may_v be_v a_o good_a maxim_n rex_fw-la majâ—r_fw-la singulis_fw-la sed_fw-la minor_fw-la universis_fw-la that_o the_o king_n be_v great_a than_o any_o particular_a subject_n but_o less_o than_o all_o together_o but_o if_o he_o be_v god_n minister_n he_o be_v upon_o that_o account_n as_o much_o great_a than_o all_o as_o god_n be_v and_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n altogether_o as_o well_o as_o one_o by_o one_o 104._o be_v equal_o concern_v in_o this_o command_n of_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n be_v evident_a from_o this_o consideration_n that_o nothing_o less_o than_o this_o will_v secure_v the_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o humane_a society_n the_o resistance_n of_o single_a person_n be_v more_o dangerous_a to_o themselves_o than_o to_o the_o prince_n but_o a_o powerful_a combination_n of_o rebel_n be_v formidable_a to_o the_o most_o puissant_a monarch_n the_o great_a number_n of_o subject_n rebel_v against_o their_o prince_n the_o more_o do_v they_o distress_v his_o government_n and_o threaten_v his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n and_o if_o his_o person_n and_o authority_n be_v sacred_a the_o great_a the_o violence_n be_v which_o be_v offer_v to_o he_o the_o great_a be_v the_o crime_n have_v the_o apostle_n exhort_v the_o roman_n after_o this_o manner_n let_v no_o private_a and_o single_a man_n be_v so_o foolish_a 104.105_o as_o to_o rebel_v against_o his_o prince_n who_o will_v be_v too_o strong_a for_o he_o but_o â—f_o you_o can_v raise_v sufficient_a force_n to_o oppose_v against_o he_o if_o you_o can_v all_o consent_n to_o depose_v and_o murder_v he_o this_o be_v a_o very_a innocent_a and_o justifiable_a nay_o a_o heroical_a achievement_n which_o become_v a_o freeborn_a people_n how_o will_v this_o have_v secure_v the_o peace_n and_o quiet_a of_o the_o world_n how_o will_v this_o have_v agree_v with_o what_o follow_v that_o prince_n be_v advance_v by_o god_n and_o that_o to_o resist_v our_o prince_n be_v to_o resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n and_o that_o such_o man_n shall_v be_v severe_o punish_v for_o it_o in_o this_o world_n or_o the_o next_o for_o can_v the_o apostle_n be_v think_v absolute_o to_o condemn_v resistance_n if_o he_o make_v it_o only_o unlawful_a to_o resist_v when_o we_o want_v power_n to_o conquer_v which_o yet_o be_v all_o that_o can_v be_v make_v of_o it_o if_o by_o every_o soul_n the_o apostle_n mean_v only_o particular_a man_n not_o the_o unite_a force_n and_o power_n of_o subject_n nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o reason_n assign_v why_o the_o apostle_n shall_v lay_v so_o strict_a a_o command_n on_o particular_a christian_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n 106._o which_o do_v not_o equal_o concern_v whole_a nation_n for_o if_o it_o can_v ever_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o whole_a nation_n to_o resist_v a_o prince_n it_o may_v in_o the_o same_o circumstance_n be_v equal_o lawful_a for_o a_o particular_a man_n to_o do_v it_o if_o a_o nation_n may_v conspire_v against_o a_o prince_n who_o invade_v their_o right_n their_o liberty_n or_o their_o religion_n why_o may_v not_o any_o man_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n resist_v a_o prince_n when_o his_o single_a right_n and_o liberty_n be_v invade_v 106._o it_o be_v not_o so_o safe_a and_o prudent_a indeed_o for_o a_o private_a man_n to_o resist_v as_o for_o great_a and_o powerful_a number_n but_o this_o make_v resistance_n only_o a_o matter_n of_o discretion_n not_o of_o conscience_n if_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o a_o nation_n to_o resist_v in_o such_o case_n it_o must_v be_v equal_o lawful_a for_o a_o particular_a man_n to_o do_v it_o but_o he_o do_v it_o at_o his_o own_o peril_n when_o he_o have_v only_o his_o own_o single_a force_n to_o oppose_v against_o his_o prince_n so_o that_o our_o apostle_n must_v forbid_v resistance_n in_o all_o man_n or_o none_o for_o single_a person_n do_v not_o use_v to_o resist_v or_o rebel_n or_o there_o be_v no_o great_a danger_n to_o the_o public_a if_o they_o do_v but_o the_o authority_n of_o prince_n and_o the_o security_n of_o public_a government_n be_v only_o endanger_v by_o a_o combination_n of_o rebel_n when_o the_o whole_a nation_n or_o any_o considerable_a part_n for_o number_n power_n and_o interest_n take_v arm_n against_o their_o prince_n if_o
the_o mention_v of_o they_o since_o i_o grant_v that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o century_n when_o these_o thing_n happen_v not_o only_o the_o common_a people_n but_o also_o the_o clergy_n begin_v to_o grow_v very_o corrupt_a in_o their_o manner_n and_o therefore_o i_o can_v much_o value_v any_o precedent_n that_o you_o can_v bring_v in_o that_o time_n to_o justify_v resistance_n in_o christian_n unless_o you_o can_v have_v show_v i_o any_o before_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n which_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v much_o less_o any_o authority_n from_o any_o of_o the_o primitive_a father_n which_o justify_v resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o f._n it_o be_v a_o very_a hard_a matter_n to_o satisfy_v you_o by_o quotation_n for_o before_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n it_o be_v evident_a the_o christian_n be_v not_o only_o weak_a disperse_v and_o disarm_v but_o have_v also_o the_o law_n of_o the_o empire_n against_o they_o and_o i_o have_v already_o grant_v that_o self-defence_n against_o persecution_n upon_o account_n of_o religion_n be_v unlawful_a but_o when_o in_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n son_n and_o successor_n the_o people_n have_v the_o law_n on_o their_o side_n stand_v upon_o their_o defence_n against_o those_o that_o will_v have_v take_v away_o their_o life_n as_o in_o the_o example_n i_o have_v bring_v of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o paphlagonia_n than_o the_o instance_n come_v too_o late_o and_o the_o age_n be_v grow_v so_o corrupt_a that_o they_o be_v no_o long_o primitive_a christian_n than_o they_o observe_v your_o doctrine_n but_o as_o for_o express_v precept_n or_o testimony_n out_o of_o the_o scripture_n and_o father_n to_o justify_v resistance_n i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o needless_a to_o bring_v any_o for_o the_o great_a mr._n hooker_n show_v we_o very_o well_o that_o it_o be_v the_o intent_n of_o the_o scripture_n to_o deliver_v we_o all_o the_o credenda_fw-la and_o agenda_fw-la necessary_a to_o salvation_n but_o in_o other_o matter_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o our_o reason_n it_o be_v enough_o if_o we_o have_v evident_a reason_n for_o they_o scripturâ_fw-la non_fw-la contradicente_fw-la and_o if_o the_o scripture_n do_v not_o forbid_v such_o resistance_n for_o self-defence_n as_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v now_o prove_v to_o be_v lawful_a i_o do_v not_o value_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o express_a authority_n to_o be_v quote_v out_o of_o the_o father_n for_o it_o or_o not_o for_o whatever_o the_o scripture_n leave_v free_a i_o think_v the_o father_n have_v no_o power_n to_o forbid_v m._n i_o see_v it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o argue_v long_o with_o you_o from_o primitive_a example_n or_o testimony_n and_o therefore_o i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o last_o thing_n i_o propose_v 2._o which_o be_v to_o show_v you_o that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o our_o church_n of_o england_n as_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o 39_o article_n canon_n and_o 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i_o be_o your_o humble_a servant_n f._n sir_n i_o be_o you_o finis_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n whether_o the_o king_n be_v the_o sole_a supreme_a legislative_a power_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o whether_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v a_o fundamental_a part_n of_o the_o government_n or_o else_o proceed_v from_o the_o favour_n and_o concession_n of_o former_a king_n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o five_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z and_o four_o dialogue_n 1692._o the_o bookseller_n advertisement_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o author_n have_v order_v i_o to_o beg_v your_o pardon_n on_o his_o behalf_n that_o he_o have_v make_v bold_a in_o this_o discourse_n to_o deviate_v from_o the_o method_n he_o at_o first_o propose_v for_o 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and_o in_o all_o the_o statute_n of_o praemunire_n make_v by_o edward_n the_o three_o the_o king_n sovereignty_n independent_a from_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n be_v express_o assert_v and_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o express_o declare_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v so_o free_a that_o it_o be_v under_o no_o earthly_a subjection_n but_o immediate_o subject_a to_o god_n in_o all_o thing_n touch_v the_o regality_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o no_o other_o and_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 24_o and_o 25_o of_o henry_n the_o eight_o express_o declare_v that_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v a_o empire_n govern_v by_o one_o supreme_a head_n and_o king_n and_o the_o crown_n or_o royal_a authority_n be_v also_o thereby_o declare_v imperial_a and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v therein_o stiâ—ed_v king_n or_o emperor_n of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o man_n needs_o to_o doubt_v where_o the_o supreme_a or_o 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may_v have_v be_v depose_v for_o tyranny_n for_o misgovernment_n by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n may_v at_o this_o day_n and_o therefore_o these_o title_n may_v indeed_o prove_v a_o freedom_n from_o all_o foreign_a jurisdiction_n but_o do_v not_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o absolute_a sovereign_a power_n within_o the_o kingdom_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o these_o example_n i_o have_v now_o give_v you_o m._n if_o you_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o these_o proof_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o give_v you_o other_o authority_n both_o out_o of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a lawyer_n as_o also_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o sufficient_o declare_v where_o the_o supreme_a or_o sovereign_a power_n reside_v in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n to_o coâ—â—_n money_n dispose_v of_o all_o office_n and_o create_v new_a dignity_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a as_o also_o to_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n to_o make_v law_n and_o in_o short_a to_o do_v all_o thing_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o monarch_n and_o that_o he_o alone_o be_v the_o sole_a sovereign_a power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n glaâ—vil_n and_o fortescue_n plain_o declare_v the_o former_a of_o which_o 10._o say_v thus_o rex_fw-la nullum_fw-la labour_n potest_fw-la parem_fw-la multò_fw-la minùs_fw-la superiorem_fw-la the_o same_o thing_n be_v also_o repeat_v by_o bracton_n and_o a_o very_a good_a reason_n give_v for_o it_o in_o these_o word_n 9_o omnis_fw-la quidem_fw-la sub_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la sub_fw-la nullo_n nisi_fw-la tantum_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la parem_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la svo_fw-la quia_fw-la sic_fw-la amitteret_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la command_v cum_fw-la par_fw-fr in_fw-la parem_fw-la non_fw-la â—abeâ—_n imperium_fw-la item_n nâ—c_fw-la multò_fw-la fortius_fw-la superiorem_fw-la nec_fw-la potentiorem_fw-la habere_fw-la debeâ—_n quia_fw-la sic_fw-la esset_fw-la inferior_a sibi_fw-la subjectis_fw-la &_o inferiores_fw-la pares_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la potentioribus_fw-la f._n but_o pray_v read_v what_o immediate_o follow_v ipse_fw-la autem_fw-la rex_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la sub_fw-la bomine_fw-la sed_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la &_o sub_fw-la lâ—ge_a quia_fw-la lex_fw-la facit_fw-la regem_fw-la attribuat_fw-la igitur_fw-la rex_fw-la legi_fw-la quod_fw-la lex_fw-la attribuit_fw-la ei_fw-la viz._n dominatiorem_fw-la &_o potestatem_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la rex_fw-la ubi_fw-la dominatur_fw-la voluntas_fw-la &_o â—on_v lex_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n be_v subject_a or_o inferior_a to_o no_o particular_a private_a man_n yet_o that_o he_o have_v a_o superior_a or_o master_n within_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o god_n and_o the_o law_n and_o so_o be_v not_o the_o sole_a supreme_a power_n appear_v by_o a_o passage_n out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n 16._o in_o the_o second_o book_n rex_fw-la habet_fw-la superiorem_fw-la deum_fw-la item_n legem_fw-la per_fw-la quam_fw-la factus_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la item_n curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la viz._n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n quia_fw-la comites_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la quasi_fw-la sociè_fw-fr regis_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la habet_fw-la socium_fw-la habet_fw-la magistrum_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la si_fw-la rex_fw-la fuerit_fw-la sinâ—_n froena_fw-la i._n e._n lego_n debent_fw-la ei_fw-la froenum_fw-la ponere_fw-la from_o which_o word_n it_o seem_v apparent_a to_o i_o that_o this_o author_n think_v the_o king_n be_v not_o only_o inferior_a to_o the_o law_n but_o be_v also_o to_o his_o court_n of_o parliament_n call_v here_o curia_n baronâ—â—_n who_o may_v bridle_n or_o restrain_v he_o if_o he_o transgrese_v the_o law_n which_o be_v here_o call_v the_o king_n briale_a nor_o can_v i_o conceive_v how_o this_o can_v be_v do_v without_o some_o kind_n of_o force_n or_o constraint_n if_o he_o refuse_v to_o receive_v this_o bridle_n they_o will_v lay_v upon_o he_o m._n i_o do_v not_o desire_v at_o this_o time_n to_o enter_v upon_o this_o question_n concern_v that_o power_n which_o i_o know_v some_o parliament_n have_v pretend_v too_o of_o câ—â—bing_v and_o resist_v the_o king_n by_o force_n if_o they_o suppose_v he_o invade_v the_o fundamental_a right_n and_o lâ—bâ—râ—ies_n as_o they_o call_v they_o of_o the_o nation_n and_o that_o foâ—_n two_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o be_v not_o pertinent_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n of_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o the_o sole_a supreme_a power_n as_o also_o because_o you_o very_o well_o know_v that_o both_o house_n do_v in_o 13_o car._n 2._o by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n concern_v the_o militia_n solemn_o renounce_v all_o coercive_a power_n over_o the_o king_n or_o any_o right_n in_o either_o or_o both_o of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o make_v offensive_a or_o defensive_a war_n against_o he_o but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n hereafter_o to_o course_n further_o on_o this_o subject_a i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o prove_v to_o you_o from_o divers_a other_o passage_n out_o of_o bracton_n 41._o and_o that_o old_a treatise_n call_v fleta_n that_o it_o be_v no_o political_a superiority_n in_o the_o curia_fw-la baronum_fw-la but_o only_o a_o directive_n power_n or_o moral_a superiority_n which_o they_o have_v of_o advertise_v the_o king_n of_o any_o arbitrary_a proceed_v or_o injustice_n he_o shall_v happen_v to_o do_v and_o by_o complaint_n admonition_n and_o entreat_v to_o impose_v upon_o he_o to_o amend_v the_o same_o according_a to_o his_o oath_n but_o not_o by_o coaction_n or_o constraint_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n they_o may_v be_v say_v in_o a_o moral_a way_n to_o put_v the_o bridle_n of_o the_o law_n upon_o he_o which_o may_v be_v call_v civil_a resistance_n but_o as_o for_o military_a resistance_n against_o a_o unjust_a king_n it_o be_v as_o inconsistent_a with_o our_o english_a government_n as_o with_o any_o other_o monarchy_n in_o the_o world_n but_o you_o very_o much_o mistake_v if_o you_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o supreme_a 29._o because_o he_o be_v limit_v by_o law_n which_o rea_o be_v no_o objection_n because_o a_o sovereign_n without_o any_o diminution_n to_o his_o sovereignty_n may_v be_v limit_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o sovereign_a power_n either_o by_o his_o own_o act_n or_o condescension_n or_o else_o by_o those_o of_o his_o predecessor_n under_o who_o he_o claim_v this_o be_v so_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v no_o supreme_a power_n in_o heaven_n or_o in_o earth_n which_o be_v not_o limit_v and_o confine_v in_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o thus_o the_o omnipotent_a power_n of_o god_n himself_o be_v limit_v by_o his_o own_o wisdom_n goodness_n and_o justice_n which_o be_v himself_o so_o likewise_o the_o power_n of_o all_o absolute_a unlimited_a monarch_n be_v only_o so_o comparative_o with_o respect_n to_o positive_a law_n but_o as_o for_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n which_o
second_o he_o gives_z we_o in_o his_o prologue_n to_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n this_o testimony_n leges_fw-la namque_fw-la anglicanas_fw-la liceâ—â—on_fw-la scriptas_fw-la leges_fw-la appellari_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la absurdum_fw-la cum_fw-la boc_fw-la ipsum_fw-la lex_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la principi_fw-la placet_fw-la &_o legis_fw-la habet_fw-la vigorem_fw-la â—as_fw-la scilicet_fw-la quas_fw-la super_fw-la dubljs_fw-la in_o conâ—ilio_fw-la definiendis_fw-la procerum_fw-la quidem_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o principis_fw-la accadente_fw-la authoritate_fw-la constat_fw-la esse_fw-la promulgatas_fw-la so_o likewise_o bracton_n in_o his_o very_a first_o chapter_n speak_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n cum_fw-la legis_fw-la vigorem_fw-la habeat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr consâ—nsu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o reipublicae_fw-la commâ—ni_fw-la sponsione_n authoritate_fw-la principis_fw-la prâ—ceâ—â—nte_fw-la justè_fw-la fuerit_fw-la definiâ—um_fw-la &_o approbatum_fw-la and_o also_o in_o his_o three_o book_n chap._n 2._o when_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o make_v law_n in_o england_n he_o say_v quae_fw-la quidem_fw-la fuerint_fw-la approbate_a concensu_fw-la utentium_fw-la &_o sacramento_n râ—gum_fw-la confirmaâ—ae_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la mutari_fw-la atâ—_n destrui_fw-la sine_fw-la communi_fw-la consensu_fw-la utentium_fw-la &_o consilio_fw-la eorum_fw-la quorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o consensu_fw-la fuerint_fw-la promulgata_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v these_o ancient_a author_n plain_o declare_v that_o nothing_o have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o what_o be_v approve_v of_o and_o consent_v to_o by_o all_o order_n of_o man_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n and_o which_o be_v very_o remarkable_a bracton_n suppose_v the_o king_n authority_n or_o royal_a sanction_n of_o a_o law_n may_v precede_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n which_o quite_o destroy_v that_o notion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n give_v his_o last_o assent_n which_o give_v it_o the_o essence_n and_o vigour_n of_o a_o law_n and_o with_o these_o more_o ancient_a sage_n of_o the_o law_n fortescue_n also_o agree_v in_o his_o 9th_o chap._n dâ—_n laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la where_o he_o say_v rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la populum_fw-la gubernaâ—_fw-la non_fw-la mera_fw-fr potesâ—â—_n to_o regid_a sed_fw-la politica_fw-la populus_fw-la &_o enim_fw-la ijs_fw-la legibâ—_n guberâ—â—tur_fw-la quas_fw-la ipse_fw-la fert_fw-la etc._n etc._n what_o follow_v be_v word_n for_o word_n the_o same_o with_o what_o bracton_n have_v before_o in_o his_o first_o chap_n and_o therefore_o need_v not_o to_o be_v repeat_v so_o likewise_o in_o the_o 18_o chap._n speak_v of_o the_o absolute_a legislative_a power_n of_o king_n in_o some_o other_o kingdom_n he_o thus_o proceed_v sed_fw-la non_fw-la sic_fw-la angliae_fw-la statuta_fw-la oriri_fw-la possunt_fw-la dum_fw-la nelum_fw-la principis_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o toâ—ius_fw-la regni_fw-la assensu_fw-la ipsa_fw-la conduntur_fw-la quo_fw-la populi_n laesuram_fw-la nequiunt_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la eorum_fw-la commodum_fw-la procurare_fw-la but_o if_o they_o after_o prove_v inconvenient_a he_o immediate_o add_v concito_fw-la reformari_fw-la ipsa_fw-la possunt_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la sine_fw-la communitatis_fw-la &_o proterum_fw-la regni_fw-la illius_fw-la assensu_fw-la quali_fw-la ipsa_fw-la primitùs_fw-la emanarunt_fw-la to_o which_o i_o may_v also_o add_v a_o authority_n out_o of_o that_o learned_a author_n st._n german_n who_o in_o his_o dialogue_n call_v the_o dr._n and_o student_n write_v in_o latin_a in_o the_o 10_o chap._n entitle_v de_fw-la sexto_fw-la fundamento_fw-la legis_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o student_n thus_o speak_v sexium_fw-la fundamentum_fw-la legis_fw-la angliae_fw-la sâ—at_fw-la in_o diversis_fw-la statutis_fw-la per_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o progenitores_fw-la suos_fw-la &_o per_fw-la dominos_fw-la spirituales_fw-la &_o temporales_fw-la &_o per_fw-la communitatem_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la editis_fw-la ubi_fw-la lex_fw-la rationis_fw-la lex_fw-la diviâ—a_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la maxima_fw-la sive_fw-la alia_fw-la fundamenta_fw-la legis_fw-la anglia_fw-it prià s_o sufficere_fw-la minimè_fw-la videbantur_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o legislative_a power_n be_v here_o attribute_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o joint_o with_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o my_o lord_n coke_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n i_o call_v it_o a_o complete_a parliament_n as_o consist_v of_o all_o the_o estate_n necessary_a thereunto_o for_o say_v he_o a_o parliament_n concern_v make_v or_o enact_v law_n consist_v of_o the_o king_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o and_o 〈◊〉_d be_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n unless_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_z m._n i_o shall_v not_o much_o concern_v myself_o with_o what_o your_o common_a lawyer_n either_o ancient_a or_o modern_a have_v write_v upon_o this_o matter_n much_o less_o what_o sir_n edward_n coke_n a_o know_a enemy_n to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n do_v maintain_v since_o i_o have_v as_o good_a or_o a_o better_a authority_n than_o he_o b._n viz._n that_o of_o the_o year-book_n of_o 22_o ed._n 3._o wherein_o it_o be_v express_o declare_v by_o divers_a earl_n and_o baron_n and_o by_o all_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o headlow_n and_o his_o wife_n who_o have_v a_o suit_n with_o the_o king_n that_o the_o king_n make_v the_o law_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o not_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o that_o he_o can_v have_v no_o peer_n in_o his_o own_o land_n and_o that_o the_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o they_o so_o that_o it_o be_v i_o think_v evident_a that_o the_o law_n be_v primary_o and_o proper_o make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o that_o the_o two_o house_n have_v a_o cooperation_n but_o no_o co-ordination_a of_o power_n with_o he_o and_o though_o at_o this_o day_n i_o grant_v that_o custom_n have_v make_v the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o necessary_a to_o the_o pass_v of_o all_o law_n yet_o it_o be_v still_o the_o king_n word_n or_o le_fw-fr royal_a veulâ—_n that_o make_v they_o so_o and_o i_o much_o doubt_n whether_o even_o this_o be_v part_n of_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n or_o not_o or_o proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o gracious_a favour_n and_o permission_n of_o former_a king_n as_o i_o can_v show_v by_o the_o whole_a series_n of_o council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n if_o it_o be_v not_o too_o tedious_a to_o mention_v they_o particular_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o select_a some_o of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a for_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o english_a saxon_a king_n perform_v all_o great_a and_o considerable_a thing_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o advice_n of_o their_o bishop_n and_o nobleman_n comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o wit_n yet_o you_o will_v find_v by_o the_o title_n of_o almost_o all_o the_o council_n in_o spellman_n lambard_n and_o that_o these_o king_n alone_o make_v their_o law_n though_o by_o the_o advice_n and_o council_n of_o their_o wittena_n gemote_a which_o be_v then_o no_o other_o than_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n since_o he_o call_v what_o great_a man_n and_o bishop_n he_o please_v to_o it_o and_o omit_v the_o rest_n and_o it_o be_v never_o mention_v that_o they_o be_v make_v by_o their_o consent_n as_o necessary_a thereunto_o nay_o sometime_o we_o find_v that_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a king_n make_v law_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n 171._o thus_o offâ—_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n be_v at_o rome_n out_o of_o his_o royal_a munificence_n give_v to_o the_o support_n of_o the_o people_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o shall_v come_v thither_o a_o penny_n to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o for_o ever_o out_o of_o every_o family_n by_o all_o who_o good_n in_o the_o field_n exceed_v the_o value_n of_o thirty_o penny_n and_o this_o he_o make_v a_o perpetual_a constitution_n throughout_o all_o his_o dominion_n except_v the_o land_n confer_v upon_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n alban_n this_o imposition_n and_o law_n continue_v a_o long_a while_n in_o force_n though_o we_o find_v it_o not_o confirm_v by_o any_o great_a council_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o successor_n only_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n council_n and_o king_n edward_n it_o be_v enjoin_v to_o be_v pay_v as_o the_o king_n alm_n which_o imply_v it_o be_v the_o king_n gift_n and_o that_o sole_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o a_o great_a council_n but_o to_o give_v you_o a_o more_o particular_a proof_n of_o the_o supreme_a and_o absolute_a power_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n dein_fw-ge as_o well_o during_o the_o heptarchy_n as_o afterward_o in_o 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the_o counsel_n and_o consent_n as_o well_o of_o the_o prelate_n as_o the_o temporal_a lord_n be_v account_v necessary_a in_o pass_v of_o all_o act_n of_o grace_n and_o favour_n to_o the_o people_n because_o that_o have_v many_o royalty_n and_o large_a immunity_n of_o their_o own_o a_o more_o near_a relation_n to_o the_o person_n and_o a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n nothing_o shall_v pass_v unto_o the_o prejudice_n and_o diminution_n of_o their_o own_o estate_n or_o the_o disable_n of_o the_o king_n to_o support_v his_o sovereignty_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v a_o plausible_a account_n concern_v the_o government_n of_o william_n i._n who_o you_o call_v the_o conqueror_n whereas_o if_o it_o be_v more_o exact_o look_v into_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o he_o have_v no_o more_o power_n of_o make_v law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n neither_o have_v he_o any_o such_o 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plain_o show_v we_o and_o when_o king_n william_n make_v law_n it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v doubt_v whether_o he_o make_v they_o so_o much_o as_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n or_o not_o for_o the_o title_n to_o the_o french_a and_o latin_a copy_n of_o his_o law_n run_v thus_o put_v into_o english_a 206._o these_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o william_n the_o king_n grant_v to_o all_o his_o people_n of_o england_n after_o the_o conquest_n or_o subdue_a of_o the_o land_n they_o be_v the_o same_o which_o edward_n the_o king_n his_o kinsman_n before_o he_o observe_v in_o this_o preface_n we_o have_v only_o to_o note_n that_o the_o law_n be_v express_o say_v to_o be_v the_o king_n grant_n and_o the_o supplemental_a law_n write_v in_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n be_v by_o way_n of_o charter_n or_o grant_v thus_o wilhelmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la
from_o that_o of_o hereditary_a succession_n which_o mat._n paris_n be_v long_o since_o aware_a of_o 941._o when_o write_v of_o this_o king_n he_o say_v rex_fw-la anglâ—ae_fw-la ex_fw-la conquestu_fw-la dicitur_fw-la tameâ—_n quod_fw-la beatus_fw-la edwardus_fw-la co_fw-la quod_fw-la haerede_fw-la caruit_fw-la regnum_fw-la legaviâ—_n willielmo_n bastardo_n duci_fw-la normannorum_fw-la conquestus_fw-la with_o who_o sir_n henry_n spellman_n in_o his_o glossary_n agree_v willielmus_fw-la primus_fw-la conquestor_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quia_fw-la angliam_fw-la conquisivit_fw-la i._n e._n acquisivit_fw-la purchase_v â—on_v quod_fw-la subegit_fw-la and_o the_o learned_a sir_n john_n skene_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr verborum_fw-la significatione_n conquest_n write_v thus_o conquestus_fw-la signifyes_n land_n quiâ—ilk_n any_o person_n acquiriâ—_n and_o possessâ—s_n privato_fw-la jure_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la vel_fw-la donatione_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la oliquo_fw-la 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for_o the_o correction_n of_o the_o 12_o ch._n of_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n be_v sign_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o send_v to_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o bench_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o writ_n patent_n with_o a_o certain_a writ_n close_v date_v by_o the_o king_n hand_n at_o westminster_n 2_o maiâ—_n 9_o edw._n i_o require_v that_o they_o shall_v do_v and_o execute_v all_o and_o every_o thing_n contain_v in_o it_o 51._o though_o the_o same_o do_v not_o accord_n with_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n in_o all_o thing_n 19_o hen._n 3d._n a_o provision_n be_v make_v de_fw-fr assisa_fw-la praesentationis_fw-la which_o be_v continue_v and_o allow_v for_o a_o law_n until_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2_o which_o provide_v the_o contrary_a in_o express_a word_n so_o that_o in_o the_o old_a statute_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o distinguish_v what_o law_n be_v make_v by_o king_n in_o parliament_n and_o what_o out_o of_o parliament_n especial_o when_o king_n call_v the_o peer_n only_o to_o parliament_n and_o of_o those_o how_o many_o or_o who_o they_o please_v as_o it_o appear_v ancient_o they_o do_v it_o be_v no_o easy_a matter_n to_o put_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o council-table_n and_o a_o parliament_n or_o between_o a_o proclamation_n and_o a_o statute_n not_o but_o that_o i_o own_o in_o old_a time_n there_o be_v a_o distinction_n between_o the_o king_n special_a or_o privy_a council_n and_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o yet_o his_o special_a council_n do_v sit_v with_o the_o peer_n in_o parliament_n and_o be_v as_o part_v thereof_o and_o be_v of_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a authority_n there_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n some_o of_o which_o i_o have_v already_o recite_v as_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n i._n where_o it_o be_v say_v these_o be_v the_o act_n of_o edward_n make_v at_o his_o i._o parliament_n by_o his_o council_n the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnel_n 13_o ed._n one_a have_v these_o word_n the_o king_n for_o himself_o and_o by_o his_o council_n have_v ordain_v and_o establish_v and_o in_o articulis_fw-la super_fw-la chartas_n there_o be_v these_o provision_n nevertheless_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n do_v not_o intend_v and_o both_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n and_o all_o they_o tâ—at_o be_v present_a will_n and_o intend_v that_o the_o right_n and_o prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n shall_v be_v save_v to_o he_o in_o all_o thing_n preamb._n and_o before_o these_o the_o commons_o often_o petition_v the_o king_n as_o 1_o edw._n 3d._n where_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v confirm_v the_o preamble_n be_v thus_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o commonalty_n by_o their_o petition_n make_v before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n in_o parliament_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n etc._n etc._n i_o can_v give_v you_o many_o more_o example_n of_o this_o kind_a but_o that_o it_o be_v needless_a only_o these_o may_v suffice_v to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o the_o king_n council_n have_v a_o great_a authority_n in_o those_o time_n and_o perhaps_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o the_o great_a council_n itself_o yet_o i_o can_v forbear_v to_o give_v you_o one_o or_o two_o authority_n more_o to_o prove_v 234._o that_o the_o king_n with_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o a_o council_n of_o his_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o wise_a man_n have_v sometime_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o repâ—â—â—_n aâ—_n the_o statute_n make_v in_o a_o precedent_n parliament_n as_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o to_o his_o prerogative_n and_o right_n royal_a though_o grant_v by_o he_o in_o manner_n of_o a_o statute_n and_o for_o this_o 111._o you_o may_v see_v the_o statute_n of_o 15_o edward_n the_o 3d._n at_o large_a in_o pulton_n collection_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o preface_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 20_o e._n 3._o that_o we_o viz._n the_o king_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o our_o great_a man_n and_o other_o wise_a man_n of_o our_o council_n have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n where_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o here_o be_v no_o mention_n either_o of_o lord_n temporal_a or_o commons_o i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v it_o not_o too_o tedious_a from_o which_o statute_n it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o this_o king_n do_v sometime_o exercise_n a_o prerogative_n of_o make_v and_o repeal_n law_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o these_o word_n you_o so_o much_o rely_v upon_o viz._n by_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n 721._o and_o be_v it_o enact_v by_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o as_o if_o they_o be_v three_o coordinate_a estate_n be_v never_o in_o use_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n 6_o and_o hen._n seven_o two_o notorious_a usurper_n and_o that_o the_o king_n be_v single_a answer_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o 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the_o authority_n to_o provide_v the_o material_n of_o a_o law_n and_o to_o judge_v what_o be_v just_o convenient_a or_o necessary_a to_o be_v enact_v and_o to_o declare_v when_o any_o matter_n due_o prepare_v be_v make_v and_o grant_v into_o a_o law_n and_o this_o ministerial_a sort_n of_o legislative_a power_n improper_o so_o call_v the_o two_o house_n have_v and_o exercise_v yet_o by_o authority_n front_v the_o grow_v but_o then_o the_o legislative_a power_n be_v strictly_n and_o proper_o take_v for_o the_o power_n of_o sanction_n or_o for_o that_o command_a ordain_v power_n which_o give_v life_n and_o be_v to_o the_o law_n and_o force_v to_o oblige_v the_o conscience_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o this_o be_v radical_o and_o incommunicable_o in_o the_o king_n as_o sovereign_n and_o therefore_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v all_o the_o ancient_a act_n run_v in_o the_o king_n name_n alone_o and_o from_o the_o legislative_a power_n thus_o proper_o take_v the_o law_n be_v proper_o 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placuit_fw-la frameas_fw-la concutiunt_fw-la honoratissimum_fw-la assensus_fw-la genus_fw-la est_fw-la armis_fw-la laudari_fw-la 634._o so_o that_o you_o may_v here_o see_v their_o king_n have_v no_o negative_a vote_n in_o their_o council_n whatever_o they_o may_v have_v afterward_o among_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o that_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o preside_v in_o they_o but_o the_o priest_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o same_o place_n silentium_fw-la per_fw-la sacerdotes_fw-la quibus_fw-la tum_fw-la coercendi_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la imperatum_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v altogether_o unlikely_a that_o they_o shall_v have_v have_v that_o absolute_a power_n you_o fancy_n over_o the_o life_n and_o fortune_n of_o the_o people_n since_o you_o plain_o see_v that_o they_o can_v neither_o make_v peace_n nor_o war_n accuse_v or_o condemn_v any_o man_n nor_o raise_v tax_n without_o the_o approbation_n or_o consent_n of_o those_o council_n now_o since_o all_o the_o english_a 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doctor_n be_v glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o b._n g._n 4._o anamadversion_n upon_o treatise_n janii_n anglorum_fw-la force_n novo_fw-la b._n a._n i._n 5._o the_o author_n of_o janus_n etc._n etc._n his_o confutation_n of_o the_o say_a doctor_n entitle_v janus_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antique_a i._n a._n a._n 6._o dr._n brady_n preface_n to_o his_o history_n b._n p._n h._n 7._o dr._n iohnston_n excellency_n of_o monarchical_a government_n i._o e._n m._n g._n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n have_v in_o my_o last_o discourse_n treat_v of_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o also_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o our_o english_a government_n by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o former_a of_o which_o question_n i_o shall_v scarce_o have_v dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o have_v i_o then_o know_v of_o a_o learned_a treatise_n now_o 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v publish_v on_o that_o subject_a i_o be_o at_o last_o arrive_v at_o the_o hard_a and_o most_o important_a 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this_o question_n be_v sir_n will._n dugdale_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la juridiciales_fw-la who_o though_o he_o transcribe_v the_o same_o notion_n and_o argument_n from_o the_o 〈◊〉_d mention_a glossary_a 15._o yet_o allow_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v always_o after_o some_o manner_n represent_v in_o parliament_n though_o not_o by_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n yet_o agree_v with_o the_o author_n of_o the_o passage_n in_o the_o glossary_a that_o the_o commons_o first_o begin_v by_o rebellion_n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o opinion_n be_v look_n upon_o not_o only_o as_o novel_a and_o erroneous_a but_o dangerous_a to_o the_o parlamental_a right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v oppose_v by_o william_n petyt_n esq_n in_o his_o treatise_n entitle_v the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n assertio_fw-la which_o be_v also_o second_v by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o treatise_n call_v jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la facies_fw-la nova_fw-la but_o it_o be_v not_o long_o before_o both_o these_o book_n be_v animadvert_v upon_o by_o dr._n brady_n in_o two_o several_a edition_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o they_o and_o these_o be_v again_o vindicate_v by_o the_o author_n of_o jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o another_o treatise_n entitle_v jus_fw-la anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la which_o have_v not_o be_v yet_o answer_v i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o particular_a in_o give_v a_o account_n of_o these_o author_n because_o the_o controversy_n have_v be_v large_o debate_v in_o they_o i_o have_v for_o the_o save_v your_o trouble_n of_o read_v so_o many_o several_a book_n reduce_v all_o the_o material_a argument_n and_o authority_n man_n use_v of_o by_o both_o party_n in_o this_o weighty_a controversy_n into_o this_o dialogue_n and_o the_o next_o since_o so_o copious_a a_o argument_n can_v not_o be_v dispatch_v in_o a_o less_o compasâ—_n and_o 〈◊〉_d have_v not_o here_o give_v you_o 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for_o such_o reply_v as_o he_o may_v perhaps_o make_v to_o they_o therefore_o all_o i_o can_v now_o do_v in_o this_o case_n be_v that_o if_o the_o dr._n or_o any_o friend_n of_o he_o shall_v think_v it_o worth_a their_o while_n to_o peruse_v and_o impartial_o to_o consider_v these_o discourse_n and_o shall_v then_o remain_v unsatisfied_a with_o any_o of_o the_o authority_n or_o argument_n here_o make_v use_n of_o if_o either_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v think_v fiâ—_n to_o mâ—â—â—_n any_o observation_n on_o they_o and_o will_v communicate_v their_o paper_n to_o the_o publisher_n of_o these_o dialogue_n i_o do_v here_o engage_v to_o take_v care_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v fair_o and_o true_o publish_v with_o answer_n to_o they_o if_o they_o will_v admit_v of_o any_o in_o a_o appendix_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n when_o it_o be_v finish_v i_o have_v little_o more_o to_o trouble_v you_o with_o than_o to_o assure_v you_o that_o all_o the_o authority_n here_o make_v use_n of_o from_o our_o english_a historian_n and_o record_n be_v true_o cite_v without_o leave_v out_o or_o conceal_v any_o thing_n that_o i_o think_v make_v for_o or_o against_o either_o opinion_n but_o as_o for_o the_o record_n they_o be_v either_o such_o as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o try_v have_v pass_v for_o current_n between_o the_o dr_n and_o his_o antagonist_n or_o else_o such_o as_o i_o have_v see_v and_o examine_v with_o my_o own_o eye_n and_o consider_v the_o purport_n of_o they_o but_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o seem_v too_o prolix_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o disâ—â—â—se_n in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o divers_a word_n and_o phrase_n use_v by_o the_o dr._n and_o his_o opponent_n in_o a_o quite_o different_a sense_n from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n record_n and_o statute_n for_o if_o the_o â—â—â—ous_a use_n and_o equivocal_a meaning_n of_o those_o expression_n be_v true_o state_v and_o lay_v open_a according_a to_o the_o several_a age_n in_o which_o those_o author_n live_v or_o such_o law_n be_v make_v i_o reckâ—â—_n this_o great_a dispute_n as_o good_a as_o half_o end_v all_o that_o i_o shall_v far_o desire_v of_o you_o be_v careful_o and_o diligent_o to_o peruse_v the_o argument_n and_o authority_n and_o to_o examine_v the_o truth_n of_o they_o yourself_o if_o you_o doubt_v of_o any_o thing_n in_o they_o weigh_v and_o compare_v historian_n with_o historian_n and_o record_v with_o record_n and_o sometime_o both_o together_o as_o the_o subject-matter_n require_v and_o then_o i_o keep_v you_o will_v be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o right_a and_o impartial_a judgement_n on_o the_o 〈◊〉_d for_o as_o i_o have_v 〈◊〉_d in_o my_o province_n fair_o to_o report_v other_o man_n argument_n and_o notion_n so_o it_o be_v you_o to_o judge_v of_o they_o which_o i_o hearty_o desire_n may_v be_v without_o any_o unjust_a bias_n or_o partiality_n to_o 〈◊〉_d side_n the_o six_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n and_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n m._n sir_n you_o be_v welcome_a and_o since_o you_o be_v please_v to_o send_v i_o word_n that_o you_o will_v come_v and_o sit_v with_o i_o this_o evening_n i_o have_v be_v look_v over_o all_o the_o saxon_a council_n collect_v by_o mr._n lambard_n and_o sir_n h._n spelman_n and_o yet_o i_o can_v find_v in_o they_o any_o mention_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o burgess_n for_o city_n or_o burrough_n the_o only_a person_n there_o mention_v as_o member_n of_o those_o great_a council_n be_v archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o great_a lord_n and_o judge_n often_o call_v by_o the_o general_a 〈◊〉_d name_n of_o magnates_n principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la optimates_fw-la or_o primate_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o be_v all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o saxon_a word_n wites_n i._n e._n 〈◊〉_d g._n by_o who_o as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n 〈◊〉_d mean_v only_a senator_n or_o wiseman_n that_o be_v either_o nobleman_n 〈◊〉_d great_a lawyer_n wite_v in_o somner_n saxon_a dictionary_n be_v first_o â—â—endred_v optimas_fw-la 67._o a_o noble_a man_n and_o than_o sapiens_fw-la a_o wiseman_n so_o 〈◊〉_d these_o wite_n or_o sapientes_fw-la so_o often_o mention_v in_o our_o ancient_a 〈◊〉_d law_n when_o they_o be_v put_v alone_o sparsim_fw-la signify_v all_o the_o ecclesiastic_a 〈◊〉_d well_o as_o lay-member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n such_o as_o earl_n aldermen_z and_o thanes_z and_o judges_z as_o dr._n b._n more_o particular_o prove_v in_o his_o glossary_a 〈◊〉_d the_o end_n of_o his_o first_o volume_n but_o by_o principes_fw-la and_o optimates_fw-la can_v only_o be_v mean_v noble_n or_o chief_a man_n as_o the_o word_n princeps_fw-la magnas_fw-la and_o optimas_fw-la do_v alâ—â—ys_n signify_v in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o of_o the_o king_n be_v great_a officer_n noblemen_z and_o judge_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o he_o please_v to_o choose_v out_o and_o 〈◊〉_d to_o his_o great_a council_n either_o for_o their_o great_a wisdom_n or_o estate_n to_o make_v 〈◊〉_d of_o their_o advice_n and_o assistance_n for_o the_o make_n of_o law_n therefore_o pray_v show_v i_o where_o there_o be_v any_o commons_o once_o mention_v in_o any_o of_o these_o council_n 10._o or_o any_o that_o represent_v they_o here_o be_v indeed_o particular_o mention_v arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n alderman_n wites_z great-man_n and_o chief-man_n or_o nobleman_n these_o be_v all_o the_o order_n of_o man_n that_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a 〈◊〉_d of_o those_o great_a council_n wittenagemotes_a and_o if_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o take_v and_o understand_v be_v then_o member_n of_o they_o they_o must_v be_v comprehend_v among_o the_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la the_o wiseman_n but_o that_o it_o can_v probable_o be_v so_o i_o shall_v prove_v 1_o that_o most_o of_o the_o saxon_a law_n in_o their_o preface_n be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v and_o ordain_v by_o their_o king_n
atque_fw-la supâ—_n mâ—nerâ—_n ministri_fw-la notantur_fw-la and_o also_o in_o his_o perambulation_n of_o kent_n sai_z 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v usual_o take_v for_o the_o very_a same_o that_o we_o call_v now_o from_o the_o latin_a word_n gentilis_fw-la a_o gentleman_n that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o man_n well_o bear_v or_o of_o good_a stock_n and_o family_n so_o that_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o best_a critic_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o word_n thane_n do_v not_o always_o signify_v a_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n of_o parliament_n as_o he_o be_v now_o call_v in_o distinction_n to_o a_o inferior_a nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o burgh_n thanes_z thanes_z of_o city_n and_o borough_n will_v evident_o appear_v from_o a_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n westmin_fw-la which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d willem_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d alle_fw-mi my_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d on_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o charter_n with_o divers_a other_o of_o like_a nature_n confirm_v the_o privilege_n of_o that_o monastery_n be_v collect_v by_o a_o monk_n of_o westminster_n call_v sulcardus_n who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o for_o the_o word_n magnate_v though_o i_o grant_v it_o there_o often_o signify_v great_a man_n or_o lord_n yet_o not_o only_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n or_o nobleman_n by_o birth_n but_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o several_a instance_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o the_o norman_a entrance_n that_o it_o likewise_o also_o comprehend_v the_o gentry_n or_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o such_o as_o be_v eminent_a and_o considerable_a either_o in_o the_o country_n or_o city_n for_o interest_n office_n or_o estate_n as_o for_o the_o word_n optimates_fw-la i_o know_v it_o signify_v the_o better_a or_o best_a sort_n of_o man_n yet_o not_o always_o great_a nobleman_n or_o lord_n for_o in_o monastic_a anglic._n tom._n 3._o we_o read_v of_o one_o goda_n who_o under_o edw._n the_o confessor_n subscribe_v himself_o optimatem_fw-la &_o ministrum_fw-la regalem_fw-la i._n e._n thane_n and_o lest_o you_o shall_v apprehend_v that_o optimas_fw-la shall_v always_o signify_v the_o king_n thane_n or_o tenent_n in_o capite_fw-la du_fw-fr fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n define_v optimates_fw-la to_o be_v vassalli_n barones_n qui_fw-la ab_fw-la ullo_fw-la domino_fw-la ratione_fw-la hominu_n need_n pendet_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o this_o word_n optimates_fw-la when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o time_n not_o long_o after_o william_n the_o first_o in_o the_o next_o place_n for_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la it_o do_v not_o only_o signify_v man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o isidore_n a_o spanish_a author_n in_o the_o gothic-time_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o say_v thus_o proceres_fw-la sunt_fw-la principes_fw-la civium_fw-la and_o that_o this_o word_n often_o signify_v in_o the_o ancient_a english_a saxon_n the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o city_n or_o burgh_n 56._o appear_v by_o alfrick_n ancient_a glossary_a where_o these_o word_n proceres_fw-la primate_fw-la vel_fw-la primores_fw-la he_o thus_o render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d buph_n papa_n 420._o and_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n say_v also_o proceres_fw-la appâ—â—labantur_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la pracipuos_fw-la magistratus_fw-la gerebant_fw-la as_o for_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la any_o man_n that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n know_v that_o it_o do_v not_o always_o signify_v prince_n or_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o any_o chief_a or_o principal_a man_n remarkable_a by_o place_n office_n or_o dignity_n and_o therefore_o we_o often_o read_v in_o livy_n and_o other_o latin_a author_n of_o principes_fw-la civitatis_fw-la and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o suppose_v every_o member_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la principes_fw-la among_o the_o most_o considerable_a or_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o when_o our_o ancient_a english_a historian_n as_o well_o before_o as_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n do_v often_o after_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n add_v &_o caeteri_fw-la totiâ—â—_n regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la as_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o these_o writer_n do_v not_o then_o mean_v what_o you_o will_v understand_v by_o these_o word_n only_a prince_n earl_n or_o great_a lord_n mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n teach_v we_o 605._o when_o speak_v of_o this_o word_n principes_fw-la as_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a of_o any_o say_v that_o though_o princeps_fw-la in_o the_o singular_a be_v proper_a to_o every_o earl_n or_o alderman_n yet_o in_o the_o plural_a principes_fw-la be_v more_o often_o apply_v comprehensive_o to_o other_o also_o of_o less_o though_o of_o special_a eminency_n such_o as_o be_v viri_fw-la primarii_fw-la or_o thanes_z and_o for_o this_o he_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n ethelwulf_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v by_o w._n of_o malmsbury_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 2._o and_o ingulph_n wherein_o that_o king_n grant_v tithe_n frank._n and_o divers_a other_o privilege_n to_o the_o church_n abbey_n of_o malmsbury_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v consilio_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la snorum_fw-la as_o also_o of_o hen._n hunt_n ibid._n who_o relate_v the_o election_n of_o harold_n the_o son_n of_o king_n cnute_n express_v it_o thus_o fuit_fw-la magnum_fw-la placitum_fw-la apud_fw-la oxonford_n ubi_fw-la leofricus_n consul_n &_o omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la eligerunt_fw-la heraldum_n last_o as_o for_o the_o word_n wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la there_o can_v be_v nothing_o in_o that_o word_n which_o can_v limit_v it_o only_o to_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n since_o it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n of_o wise_a man_n or_o senator_n and_o may_v also_o well_o refer_v to_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n or_o representative_n of_o great_a city_n and_o borough_n for_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n tell_v we_o 700._o that_o among_o the_o lâ—mbards_n sapientes_fw-la in_o italia_n appellabant_fw-la &_o civitatum_fw-la cives_fw-la primarii_fw-la quorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la respublicae_fw-la gerebantur_fw-la hieron_n rubeus_n lib._n hist._n raven_n anno_fw-la 1297._o sed_fw-la long_o antea_fw-la illud_fw-la nomen_fw-la abtâ—â—uit_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la longobardâ—rum_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la ut_fw-la colligere_fw-la liceret_fw-la ex_fw-la ottone_n &_o acerbo_fw-la morena_n in_o hist._n rerum_fw-la lâ—ndevetium_n etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v this_o authority_n inconsiderable_a since_o the_o lombard_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o goth_n gothicam_fw-la from_o who_o also_o the_o english_a saxon_n have_v their_o original_a and_o have_v the_o like_a fundamental_a constitution_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o much_o the_o same_o law_n but_o that_o the_o title_n of_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la be_v often_o attribute_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n i_o shall_v explain_v to_o you_o when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o after_o the_o norman_n entrance_n where_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o divers_a petition_n be_v direct_v a_o tres_fw-la sage_n les_fw-fr commune_v and_o sure_o whosoever_o be_v choose_v by_o a_o county_n city_n or_o borough_n as_o their_o representative_a and_o be_v by_o they_o think_v wise_a enough_o to_o be_v trust_v with_o their_o purse_n and_o to_o make_v law_n for_o they_o may_v very_o well_o i_o think_v be_v call_v in_o old_a english_a a_o wite_n or_o in_o our_o modern_a dialect_n a_o disercet_a or_o wise_a man_n but_o let_v this_o word_n wite_v signify_v what_o it_o will_v yet_o it_o can_v never_o mean_v here_o great_a lawyer_n or_o judge_n as_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o since_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o law_n be_v then_o a_o trade_n or_o profession_n or_o not_o and_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o those_o day_n have_v not_o any_o more_o voice_n in_o make_v law_n than_o they_o have_v now_o or_o any_o more_o to_o do_v in_o it_o than_o in_o the_o bare_a draw_v of_o they_o up_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v since_o if_o they_o have_v any_o such_o power_n in_o those_o day_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v our_o king_n will_v ever_o have_v let_v they_o have_v lose_v it_o since_o it_o be_v so_o advantageous_a to_o their_o prerogative_n that_o they_o shall_v keep_v it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o divers_a other_o authority_n though_o of_o late_a date_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v often_o include_v under_o the_o word_n sapientes_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n but_o i_o refer_v those_o for_o the_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n but_o i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o be_v so_o
believe_v that_o the_o ancient_n and_o potent_a city_n of_o london_n tâ—â—_n câ—nterbury_n lincoln_n etc._n etc._n shall_v ever_o be_v exclude_v from_o have_v any_o hand_n in_o the_o great_a consultation_n of_o give_v money_n and_o make_v law_n and_o for_o the_o public_a defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n any_o more_o than_o they_o be_v now_o and_o therefore_o we_o find_v that_o in_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o german_a or_o gothick_n original_a the_o chief_a city_n and_o town_n have_v still_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o diet_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n as_o i_o say_v but_o now_o in_o the_o next_o place_n though_o i_o do_v not_o positive_o assert_v that_o there_o be_v knight_n of_o shire_n before_o the_o conquest_n yet_o be_o i_o not_o convince_v that_o there_o be_v none_o for_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o treatise_n you_o mention_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v write_v since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n yet_o may_v the_o substance_n of_o it_o have_v be_v much_o old_a than_o the_o time_n of_o edw_n iii_o and_o rich._n ii_o or_o else_o certain_o king_n hen._n iu._n or_o his_o chancellor_n for_o he_o will_v never_o have_v be_v at_o the_o trouble_n of_o transmit_v a_o copy_n of_o this_o say_v modus_fw-la into_o ireland_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n which_o be_v think_v to_o encroach_v so_o much_o on_o the_o prerogative_n have_v he_o not_o be_v very_o well_o inform_v of_o the_o antiquity_n as_o well_o as_o authority_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v write_v about_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n iii_o from_o some_o ancient_a historian_n and_o record_n not_o now_o extant_a though_o the_o copy_n we_o have_v of_o it_o may_v be_v of_o no_o long_o stand_v than_o the_o time_n mr_n selden_n mention_n but_o admit_v that_o there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o though_o the_o thanes_z who_o i_o suppose_v make_v the_o great_a figure_n in_o the_o wittena_n geâ—â—â—er_n be_v not_o earl_n or_o chief_a thanes_z that_o be_v of_o the_o great_a nobility_n yet_o they_o be_v great_a freeholder_n and_o though_o commoner_n yet_o gentleman_n and_o of_o the_o lesser_a nobility_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o gentleman_n or_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v now_o and_o the_o not_o elect_v by_o the_o country_n yet_o may_v be_v as_o well_o esteem_v their_o representative_n as_o they_o be_v now_o of_o freeholder_n under_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la lease-holders_n and_o copy-holders_n for_o year_n who_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n whereas_o these_o thanes_z be_v then_o the_o chief_a if_o not_o the_o only_a possessor_n of_o all_o the_o freehold_a estate_n in_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o material_a objection_n to_o say_v that_o these_o thanes_z might_n at_o first_o owe_v those_o estate_n to_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o first_o saxon_a king_n and_o may_v also_o after_o a_o sort_n hold_v their_o estate_n of_o they_o as_o head_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o such_o service_n as_o be_v settle_v by_o public_a law_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o owe_v their_o very_a right_n of_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n whole_o to_o the_o king_n favour_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o though_o the_o first_o saxon_a king_n conquer_v this_o island_n from_o the_o britain_n yet_o those_o that_o assist_v they_o be_v only_a volunteer_n the_o chief_a officer_n or_o commander_n of_o they_o may_v not_o only_o deserve_v but_o also_o capitulate_v for_o their_o share_n in_o the_o land_n so_o conquer_v and_o these_o be_v give_v out_o by_o the_o king_n according_a to_o each_o man_n quality_n condition_n or_o desert_n may_v constitute_v those_o who_o be_v call_v the_o king_n thanes_z as_o those_o who_o hold_v likewise_o under_o they_o be_v the_o middle_a thanes_z or_o vavassor_n suppose_v till_o you_o can_v prove_v the_o contrary_a that_o these_o have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o you_o may_v as_o well_o argue_v that_o they_o can_v have_v no_o place_n there_o but_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o their_o lord_n whereas_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o a_o estate_n of_o five_o hide_n in_o land_n of_o whosoever_o hold_v make_v a_o thane_n or_o nobleman_n of_o the_o inferior_a rank_n and_o we_o find_v by_o the_o same_o law_n of_o king_n athelstan_n his_o weregild_n or_o price_n of_o his_o head_n be_v value_v but_o equal_a with_o that_o of_o a_o mass_n thanes_z or_o priest_n viz._n at_o 2000_o thrymsas_n so_o that_o a_o sufficient_a estate_n in_o land_n do_v not_o only_o make_v a_o man_n a_o gentleman_n but_o also_o give_v he_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o there_o be_v beside_o all_o these_o several_a alodoril_n who_o hold_v their_o land_n discharge_v from_o all_o service_n and_o can_v sell_v or_o dispose_v of_o they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o inferior_a lord_n and_o be_v those_o mention_v in_o doomsday_n book_n qui_fw-la potuit_fw-la ire_n cum_fw-la terra_fw-la que_fw-la â—â—but_fw-la nor_o be_v your_o argument_n conclusive_a that_o because_o in_o those_o time_n as_o well_o as_o now_o all_o land_n be_v hold_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n and_o be_v chargeable_a with_o those_o three_o general_a service_n you_o mention_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n and_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o therefore_o not_o only_o all_o man_n civil_a property_n but_o also_o their_o right_n of_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n must_v whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o king_n will_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o first_o saxon_n king_n by_o their_o conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n can_v not_o acquire_v the_o sole_a property_n of_o all_o the_o land_n thereof_o to_o themselves_o though_o they_o may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o as_o public_a trustee_n to_o distribute_v they_o according_a to_o those_o man_n quality_n and_o desert_n who_o have_v help_v they_o in_o the_o conquest_n so_o that_o when_o they_o be_v once_o possess_v of_o such_o estate_n they_o have_v immediate_o thereupon_o a_o right_a to_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n the_o burden_n of_o the_o government_n lie_v chief_o on_o such_o as_o have_v estate_n in_o land_n and_o that_o many_o other_o beside_o the_o king_n thanes_z or_o great_a lord_n have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n appear_v as_o well_o by_o the_o name_n of_o mycel_n synod_n â—â—_o wittenagemots_a which_o be_v render_v by_o our_o ancient_a glossarist_n numerosa_fw-la or_o popuâ—â—sa_fw-la conventio_fw-la as_o also_o the_o title_n and_o conclusion_n to_o divers_a of_o the_o title_n of_o those_o great_a council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n where_o be_v often_o mention_v after_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o proceres_fw-la terrae_fw-la aliorum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la which_o must_v certain_o take_v in_o many_o more_o than_o the_o king_n thanes_z judges_z or_o other_o of_o his_o great_a man_n who_o be_v then_o but_o a_o few_o in_o comparison_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeholder_n of_o england_n m._n i_o will_v not_o long_o dispute_v the_o probability_n of_o what_o you_o say_v all_o the_o difficulty_n lie_v in_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o deny_v that_o any_o other_o of_o a_o less_o degree_n than_o the_o king_n thanes_z of_o chief_a tenant_n have_v any_o place_n or_o voice_n in_o the_o old_a english_a council_n nor_o can_v you_o find_v as_o you_o yourself_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v in_o our_o saxon_a law_n or_o ancient_a historian_n of_o those_o time_n any_o representative_n of_o the_o common_a people_n mention_v such_o as_o be_v now_o much_o less_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n for_o any_o city_n or_o burrow_n in_o england_n and_o therefore_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o riches_n or_o power_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n before_o the_o conquest_n though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v true_a yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o must_v then_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o they_o do_v because_o great_a city_n and_o town_n do_v or_o do_v late_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o like_a assembly_n in_o other_o country_n since_o our_o government_n may_v not_o only_o original_o differ_v in_o that_o from_o they_o but_o that_o also_o the_o send_n of_o those_o deputy_n may_v be_v grant_v by_o some_o late_a prince_n long_o since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o those_o kingdom_n and_o i_o do_v believe_v will_v prove_v so_o if_o close_o look_v into_o and_o in_o denmark_n which_o you_o know_v be_v a_o elective_a kingdom_n the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n never_o send_v any_o
deputy_n to_o their_o great_a council_n at_o all_o and_o since_o the_o government_n of_o england_n as_o you_o yourself_o grant_v do_v very_o much_o resemble_v that_o why_o may_v it_o not_o be_v so_o here_o too_o f._n i_o think_v your_o reply_n have_v no_o more_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o what_o you_o have_v already_o urge_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o lie_v upon_o your_o side_n to_o prove_v that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n be_v or_o chief_a thanes_z have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n and_o wheâ—â—_n you_o can_v prove_v that_o you_o may_v do_v something_o but_o what_o i_o have_v now_o bring_v to_o prove_v the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o our_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n be_v not_o so_o little_a to_o the_o purpose_n as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o it_o confirm_v that_o right_n of_o prescription_n which_o all_o ancient_a city_n and_o burrough_n be_v england_n do_v claim_n of_o senâ—ing_a member_n to_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o pray_v 〈◊〉_d what_o mr._n lambard_n a_o person_n who_o all_o the_o learned_a own_o extreme_o know_v in_o the_o english_a saxon_a government_n tell_v we_o on_o this_o subject_a etc._n in_o his_o archeion_n in_o these_o word_n that_o whereas_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o law_n viz._n those_o make_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n he_o there_o mention_n all_o the_o act_n be_v say_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o king_n and_o â—is_n wiseman_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o law_n each_o statute_n be_v thus_o and_o it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o his_o wiseman_n so_o as_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v then_o a_o receive_a form_n of_o speech_n to_o signify_v both_o the_o spirituality_n and_o laity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o great_a nobility_n and_o the_o less_o or_o commons_o by_o this_o one_o word_n witena_n i._n e._n wiseman_n now_o as_o these_o write_a authority_n do_v undoubted_o confirm_v our_o assertion_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o this_o manner_n of_o parliament_n so_o be_v there_o also_o unwritten_a law_n or_o prescription_n 〈◊〉_d do_v no_o less_o infallible_o uphold_v the_o same_o for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o in_o every_o quarter_n of_o the_o realm_n a_o great_a many_o burrough_n do_v yet_o send_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v nevertheless_o so_o ancient_a and_o so_o long_o since_o decay_v and_o go_v to_o nought_o that_o it_o can_v be_v show_v that_o they_o have_v be_v of_o any_o reputation_n at_o any_o time_n since_o the_o conquest_n and_o much_o lesâ—_n than_o they_o have_v obtain_v this_o privilege_n by_o the_o grant_n of_o any_o king_n succeed_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o interest_n which_o they_o have_v in_o parliament_n grow_v by_o a_o ancient_a usage_n before_o the_o conquest_n whereof_o they_o can_v show_v any_o beginning_n which_o thing_n be_v also_o confirm_v by_o a_o contrary_a usage_n in_o the_o self_n same_o thing_n for_o it_o be_v likewise_o know_v that_o they_o of_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la do_v prescribe_v in_o not_o send_v to_o the_o parliament_n for_o which_o reason_n also_o they_o be_v neither_o contributer_n to_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n neither_o be_v they_o bind_v by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n though_o the_o same_o be_v general_o pen_v and_o do_v make_v no_o exception_n of_o they_o but_o there_o be_v no_o ancient_a demesne_n save_v that_o only_a which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v such_o as_o either_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o conqueror_n himself_o who_o make_v the_o book_n or_o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n that_o be_v before_o he_o and_o so_o again_o if_o they_o of_o ancient_a demesne_n have_v ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n prescribe_v not_o to_o elect_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n then_o no_o doubt_n there_o be_v a_o parliament_n before_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o which_o they_o of_o other_o place_n do_v send_v their_o burgess_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o learned_a author_n do_v not_o only_o believe_v that_o the_o lord_n but_o that_o also_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o representative_n of_o city_n and_o town_n be_v include_v under_o the_o word_n wite_v and_o also_o that_o these_o placeâ—_n claim_v that_o privilege_n by_o prescription_n and_o not_o by_o grant_n of_o any_o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n or_o before_o m._n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o mr._n lambard_n be_v a_o learned_a antiquary_n yet_o there_o be_v other_o more_o in_o number_n and_o perhaps_o of_o great_a learning_n who_o do_v suppose_v that_o no_o city_n or_o burrough_n send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n but_o since_o the_o conquest_n the_o i_o confess_v the_o time_n be_v not_o exact_o agree_v on_o but_o whenever_o they_o begin_v to_o appeaâ—â—_n there_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o can_v have_v no_o right_n of_o come_v but_o from_o the_o king_n summons_n or_o grant_n since_o none_o but_o such_o city_n or_o town_n that_o hold_v of_o thâ—_n king_n in_o capite_fw-la 38._o have_v ancient_o any_o place_n in_o those_o assembly_n noâ—_n of_o they_o neither_o any_o other_o but_o those_o who_o the_o king_n please_v to_o call_v and_o from_o thence_o proceed_v that_o great_a variety_n we_o find_v in_o the_o list_n of_o those_o town_n which_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n but_o i_o shall_v omit_v speak_v any_o thing_n far_o of_o this_o at_o present_a but_o as_o for_o those_o middle_n inferior_a thanes_z or_o vavassour_n as_o they_o be_v afterward_o call_v who_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v make_v so_o great_a a_o figure_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o they_o have_v any_o vote_n there_o and_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v to_o you_o by_o and_o by_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v in_o those_o meeting_n from_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o the_o 49_o hen._n iii_o now_o if_o it_o be_v true_a as_o you_o suppose_v king_n william_n make_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o his_o conquest_n of_o it_o it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o person_n viz._n tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v the_o only_a member_n of_o it_o before_o the_o conquest_n too_o but_o if_o you_o have_v any_o express_a authority_n out_o of_o our_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n or_o history_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o appear_v at_o the_o wittena_n gemote_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n pray_v let_v we_o see_v they_o f._n i_o shall_v perform_v your_o command_n immediate_o but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o what_o you_o have_v say_v concern_v city_n and_o town_n not_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n till_o after_o the_o conquest_n be_v a_o great_a mistake_n build_v upon_o a_o false_a and_o precarious_a hypothesis_n that_o they_o all_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o i_o shall_v make_v out_o when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o question_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o as_o precarious_a that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o vote_n in_o our_o great_a council_n in_o the_o time_n immediate_o succeed_v your_o conquest_n till_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen_n iii_o and_o that_o therefore_o it_o must_v have_v be_v so_o before_o the_o conquest_n for_o as_o i_o own_o that_o king_n william_n make_v no_o material_a alteration_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o his_o entrance_n so_o i_o likewise_o affirm_v that_o as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o that_o time_n if_o not_o knight_n of_o shire_n yet_o all_o thanes_z the_o or_o baron_n i._n e._n great_a freeholder_n of_o england_n have_v place_n in_o that_o assembly_n before_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o authority_n you_o desire_v i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a general_n council_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v hold_v at_o canterbury_n a._n d._n 605._o by_o king_n ethelbert_n not_o long_o after_o the_o settlement_n of_o christianity_n in_o this_o island_n which_o be_v record_v by_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o british_a council_n in_o these_o word_n an._n incarnationis_fw-la dominicae_fw-la 685._o aethelbertus_n rex_fw-la in_o fide_fw-la roboratus_fw-la catholica_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la beria_fw-la regina_fw-la silioque_fw-la ipso_fw-la eadbaldo_n 126._o ac_fw-la reverendissimo_fw-la praesule_fw-la augustino_n caeterisque_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la terrâ—_n solenitatem_fw-la natalis_n domini_fw-la celebrant_n cantuariae_fw-la convocato_fw-la igitâ—r_fw-la ibidem_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o
the_o people_n than_o make_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n m._n pray_v sir_n 4._o will_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o question_n one_o by_o one_o as_o you_o go_v for_o fear_v i_o shall_v not_o only_o forget_v they_o but_o also_o tire_v you_o with_o too_o long_a a_o speech_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v to_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v the_o common_a people_n or_o vulgar_a whereas_o when_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v use_v together_o in_o our_o ancient_a writer_n of_o those_o time_n it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n or_o laity_n and_o not_o the_o common_a people_n for_o then_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a man_n will_v have_v be_v quite_o leave_v out_o of_o this_o council_n as_o certain_o they_o 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the_o same_o king_n aethelbert_n as_o it_o be_v mention_v by_o roger_n hoveden_n domestic_a to_o king_n hen._n ii_o in_o the_o 2d_o part_n of_o his_o annal_n where_o among_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edw._n the_o confessor_n and_o which_o he_o write_v to_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o king_n william_n i._o you_o will_v find_v under_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr aptbâ—â—s_n &_o de_fw-fr aliis_fw-la minutis_fw-la decimis_fw-la which_o be_v there_o say_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o clergy_n by_o former_a king_n and_o particular_o by_o this_o king_n ethelbert_n these_o word_n haec_fw-la entâ—n_fw-la sanctus_n 〈◊〉_d praedicavit_fw-la &_o docuâ—t_v &_o haec_fw-la concessa_fw-la sunt_fw-la a_o rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la so_o that_o it_o populusâ—ere_o â—ere_z do_v not_o signify_v a_o order_n of_o man_n contradistinct_a from_o the_o baron_n or_o great_a lord_n it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o tautology_n with_o a_o witness_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v if_o this_o authority_n you_o now_o urge_v have_v be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o time_n to_o which_o it_o be_v ascribe_v it_o will_v be_v of_o some_o weight_n but_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o word_n baronibus_fw-la not_o use_v in_o england_n till_o after_o the_o conquest_n that_o it_o be_v add_v long_o after_o that_o time_n by_o some_o ignorant_a monk_n to_o the_o confessor_n law_n and_o therefore_o will_v not_o prove_v that_o for_o which_o you_o bring_v it_o viz._n that_o the_o vulâ—â—â—_n understand_v for_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n but_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o this_o be_v but_o the_o confirmation_n of_o a_o law_n make_v by_o king_n aethelbert_n 298._o but_o how_o and_o by_o what_o word_n the_o legislator_n be_v express_v near_o 500_o year_n after_o the_o law_n be_v make_v or_o how_o they_o be_v render_v in_o latin_a after_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n transient_o and_o without_o design_n to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o they_o can_v be_v of_o much_o validity_n to_o prove_v who_o they_o be_v and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edw._n be_v make_v or_o at_o least_o translate_v into_o norman_a latin_a after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n appear_v by_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la beside_o barones_n already_o mention_v militeâ—_n servientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n all_o norman_a word_n and_o not_o know_v here_o till_o their_o come_n hither_o he_o that_o will_v assert_v any_o thing_n from_o a_o single_a uncouth_a expression_n in_o one_o case_n and_o upon_o one_o occasion_n only_o bring_v but_o a_o slender_a proof_n for_o that_o he_o say_v so_o will_n any_o man_n think_v because_o it_o be_v say_v in_o one_o of_o king_n edward_n law_n and_o perhaps_o no_o where_o else_o concern_v this_o king_n coronation_n quod_fw-la debet_fw-la in_o propria_fw-la persona_fw-la â—â—am_fw-la regno_fw-la &_o sacerdotio_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la jurare_fw-la ante_fw-la quam_fw-la ab_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la &_o 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tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v
dispute_v the_o matter_n far_o with_o you_o concern_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la since_o i_o shall_v refer_v speak_v more_o about_o it_o till_o i_o come_v to_o the_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n and_o therefore_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n have_v you_o but_o read_v a_o little_a far_o in_o the_o same_o leaf_n in_o the_o author_n you_o have_v cite_v you_o may_v have_v find_v who_o they_o be_v who_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a call_v to_o this_o council_n the_o word_n be_v these_o edwardus_fw-la rex_fw-la synodum_fw-la praedictam_fw-la nobilium_fw-la anglorum_fw-la congregavit_fw-la cui_fw-la presidebat_fw-la plegmundus_n 7._o here_o your_o own_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o few_o word_n the_o meaning_n of_o a_o long_a title_n of_o this_o synod_n now_o mention_v viz._n that_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n fideles_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la be_v all_o nobiles_fw-la nobleman_n that_o be_v the_o ecclesiastic_n and_o lay_v or_o the_o bishop_n and_o lay-nobility_n as_o i_o shall_v make_v more_o evident_a hereafter_o and_o not_o the_o vulgus_fw-la commons_o or_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o to_o this_o effect_n malmsbury_n and_o the_o manuscript_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n cite_v by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n and_o mr._n somner_n from_o the_o treasury_n of_o the_o record_n and_o evidence_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n cite_v by_o sir_n h._n spelman_n do_v all_o report_n of_o this_o very_a council_n that_o edwardus_fw-la rex_fw-la congregavit_fw-la synodum_fw-la senatorum_fw-la gentis_fw-la angloâ—â—â—_n cui_fw-la prasidebat_fw-la plegmundus_n etc._n etc._n that_o king_n edward_n convene_v a_o synod_n of_o the_o senator_n in_o the_o saxon_a alderman_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n that_o be_v such_o as_o be_v usual_o call_v to_o such_o council_n which_o be_v only_o the_o noble_n and_o great_a man_n for_o aught_o yet_o appear_v from_o this_o instance_n but_o what_o if_o after_o all_o there_o be_v never_o any_o such_o synod_n call_v and_o consequent_o no_o such_o title_n to_o it_o for_o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v assemble_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o chide_a letter_n from_o pope_n formosus_fw-la now_o this_o formosus_fw-la die_v anno_fw-la 895._o that_o be_v ten_o year_n before_o this_o council_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v call_v f._n i_o see_v this_o authority_n gall_v you_o therefore_o i_o do_v not_o blame_v you_o to_o do_v what_o you_o can_v to_o be_v rid_v of_o it_o but_o i_o shall_v not_o give_v it_o up_o for_o all_o that_o for_o that_o this_o word_n populorum_fw-la then_o signify_v all_o the_o lay-person_n who_o be_v actual_o nobleman_n that_o be_v of_o the_o great_a nobility_n i_o think_v be_v a_o great_a mistake_n for_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v all_o these_o different_a word_n here_o heap_v together_o since_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la have_v donâ—_n as_o well_o alone_o in_o your_o sense_n and_o at_o once_o comprehend_v all_o those_o lordâ—_n or_o nobleman_n that_o you_o will_v only_o have_v to_o be_v there_o but_o the_o word_n nobiles_fw-la do_v not_o in_o those_o time_n neither_o do_v at_o this_o day_n in_o any_o other_o country_n but_o england_n signify_v none_o but_o great_a lord_n baron_n or_o peer_n since_o in_o germany_n and_o france_n and_o other_o country_n every_o private_a gentleman_n be_v nobilis_fw-la and_o i_o think_v the_o middle_a or_o less_o thanes_z may_v then_o as_o well_o be_v call_v nobiles_fw-la as_o the_o great_a one_o and_o the_o alderman_n or_o other_o magistrate_n of_o great_a city_n and_o town_n may_v also_o very_o well_o be_v style_v nobiles_fw-la ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la for_o the_o time_n they_o act_v in_o that_o employment_n and_o may_v also_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o senator_n as_o well_o as_o the_o great_a alderman_n or_o earl_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o lay-man_n but_o your_o great_a sort_n of_o alderman_n than_o what_o become_v of_o your_o chief_n or_o king_n thanes_z which_o you_o yourself_o grant_v be_v constant_a member_n of_o those_o council_n nor_o indeed_o do_v the_o word_n senator_n only_o signify_v such_o who_o be_v nobleman_n by_o birth_n since_o among_o the_o roman_n there_o be_v senator_n of_o the_o plebeian_n as_o well_o as_o patrician_n order_n as_o any_o man_n who_o have_v but_o read_v lucius_n florus_n may_v quick_o see_v but_o as_o for_o your_o exception_n that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o council_n because_o pope_n formosus_fw-la be_v say_v to_o have_v die_v ten_o year_n before_o this_o council_n be_v call_v it_o be_v a_o bold_a assertion_n to_o annihilate_v a_o whole_a council_n because_o of_o the_o mistake_n of_o the_o date_n or_o time_n of_o its_o meeting_n or_o perhaps_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o pope_n or_o king_n then_o reign_v especial_o when_o it_o be_v assemble_v upon_o so_o remarkable_a a_o occasion_n as_o the_o erect_n of_o these_o new_a bishopric_n which_o all_o our_o historian_n ascribe_v to_o this_o council_n but_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o another_o authority_n and_o that_o be_v to_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n hold_v at_o winchester_n anno_fw-la 853._o where_o you_o will_v find_v in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n 350._o as_o also_o in_o ingulphus_n history_n that_o after_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o other_o great_a man_n or_o thanes_z who_o subscribe_v to_o the_o law_n of_o tithe_n grant_v by_o way_n of_o charter_n there_o mention_v wherein_o these_o follow_a party_n be_v mention_v aliorumque_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la regium_fw-la chirographum_fw-la laudaverunt_fw-la dignitates_fw-la verò_fw-la sua_fw-la nomina_fw-la subscripserunt_fw-la and_o the_o learned_a commentator_n upon_o king_n alfred_n life_n publish_v in_o latin_a at_o oxford_n be_v so_o well_o satisfy_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v mean_v by_o this_o expression_n that_o he_o have_v this_o remarkable_a observation_n upon_o this_o king_n be_v grant_v of_o these_o tithe_n bis_z videtur_fw-la rex_fw-la decimas_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la concessisse_fw-la primum_fw-la anno_fw-la 844_o &_o 2_o vero_fw-la 855._o vel_fw-la ut_fw-la alii_fw-la 854_o è_fw-la tota_fw-la region_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la assensu_fw-la omnium_fw-la nobilium_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la populi_n where_o this_o author_n right_o suppose_v that_o the_o word_n at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o council_n do_v comprehend_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o nobleman_n or_o else_o this_o recite_v of_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la as_o distinct_a from_o the_o nobiles_fw-la have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a so_o that_o though_o i_o do_v not_o affirm_v that_o the_o mere_a vulgar_a or_o plebeian_n sort_n of_o people_n do_v appear_v personal_o in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n any_o more_o than_o they_o do_v now_o yet_o they_o be_v there_o by_o their_o representative_n viz._n either_o by_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o now_o or_o else_o the_o chief_a thanes_z or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o also_o by_o the_o alderman_n or_o chief_a burgess_n of_o great_a city_n and_o town_n who_o i_o suppose_v do_v then_o represent_v those_o politic_a body_n since_o all_o man_n can_v not_o appear_v there_o in_o person_n but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o another_o authority_n out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n viz._n archbishop_n parker_n british_n antiquity_n 87._o where_o when_o he_o relate_v the_o call_n of_o the_o council_n of_o calne_n for_o the_o turn_n of_o marry_a priest_n out_o of_o monastery_n and_o cathedral_n church_n and_o put_v monk_n into_o their_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o a_o remarkable_a accident_n that_o then_o happen_v viz._n the_o fall_v down_o of_o the_o room_n where_o the_o council_n be_v assemble_v so_o that_o there_o fall_v together_o all_o of_o a_o sudden_a pray_v take_v the_o word_n themselves_o out_o of_o the_o author_n there_o cite_v praesules_fw-la proceres_fw-la equites_fw-la nobiles_fw-la pariter_fw-la &_o ignobiles_fw-la corruerunt_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o be_v other_o sort_n of_o man_n present_a in_o this_o council_n beside_o the_o prasules_a i._n e._n bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o the_o proceres_fw-la i._n e._n the_o earl_n and_o chief_a thanes_z viz._n the_o knight_n or_o inferior_a thanes_z noblemen_z or_o gentleman_n as_o also_o ignobiles_fw-la those_o that_o be_v not_o noble_a by_o birth_n such_o as_o be_v the_o representative_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o of_o this_o opinion_n the_o archbishop_n himself_o seem_v to_o be_v for_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o relation_n he_o make_v this_o remark_n sed_fw-la nec_fw-la huius_fw-la domus_fw-la in_o quâ—_n 〈◊〉_d ordinum_fw-la tam_fw-la conspicui_fw-la clarique_fw-la viri_fw-la consulto_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la tam_fw-la repentina_fw-la ruiâ—â—â—pe_fw-la diabolica_fw-la career_n potuit_fw-la where_o by_o omnium_fw-la ordinum_fw-la he_o must_v certain_o mean_v the_o three_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o the_o word_n ordines_fw-la be_v use_v by_o camden_n and_o other_o latin_a writer_n who_o call_v our_o parliament_n conventus_fw-la ordinum_fw-la that_o
be_v the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o authority_n before_o you_o proceed_v far_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v believe_v that_o all_o the_o person_n who_o the_o historian_n relate_v to_o have_v perish_v by_o this_o fall_n of_o the_o council_n chamber_n to_o have_v be_v all_o of_o they_o actual_a member_n of_o that_o assembly_n since_o there_o may_v have_v be_v there_o divers_a person_n who_o though_o of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n may_v have_v be_v present_v auditor_n or_o looker_n on_o it_o not_o be_v then_o the_o custom_n to_o hold_v those_o council_n so_o private_o as_o we_o do_v now_o so_o that_o divers_a of_o the_o common_a or_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n call_v here_o ignobiles_fw-la and_o perhaps_o of_o the_o inferior_a gentry_n too_o be_v there_o may_v all_o partake_v of_o this_o common_a ruin_n and_o so_o pay_v dear_a for_o their_o needless_a curiosity_n f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o do_v not_o assent_v to_o your_o opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n for_o i_o can_v believe_v unless_o you_o can_v show_v i_o very_o good_a authority_n for_o it_o that_o ever_o the_o common_a people_n or_o vulgus_fw-la in_o the_o sense_n you_o take_v they_o be_v let_v in_o only_a to_o gaze_v at_o such_o assembly_n for_o what_o room_n can_v have_v contain_v so_o great_a a_o crowd_n and_o if_o they_o be_v in_o those_o day_n so_o great_a slave_n as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n please_v to_o make_v they_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o crowd_n into_o the_o great_a council_n then_o any_o more_o than_o now_o when_o you_o allow_v they_o more_o liberty_n and_o great_a privilege_n than_o they_o then_o enjoy_v and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o may_v very_o well_o stick_v to_o the_o arch-bishop_n opinion_n who_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v be_v the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n who_o be_v all_o involve_a in_o this_o ruin_n but_o let_v this_o pass_n i_o shall_v now_o give_v you_o a_o authority_n of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v under_o king_n ethelred_n which_o will_v farther_o confirm_v our_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la which_o council_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o one_a volume_n of_o monasticâ—â—_n anglic_n contain_v a_o concession_n and_o confirmation_n of_o divers_a privilege_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o wolverhampton_n in_o these_o word_n 2._o haec_fw-la decreta_fw-la sunt_fw-la sigerich_n archiepiscopi_fw-la in_o placito_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la ethelredo_fw-la &_o eboracensi_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la britanniâ—_n seu_fw-la senatoribus_fw-la ducibus_fw-la &_o popâ—lo_fw-la terrae_fw-la where_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o the_o populus_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v here_o put_v as_o a_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n from_o all_o the_o rest_n aforego_v to_o come_v now_o to_o the_o time_n after_o the_o danish_a invasion_n and_o the_o settlement_n of_o the_o crown_n upon_o king_n knute_n who_o after_o he_o be_v make_v king_n partly_o by_o conquest_n and_o partly_o by_o election_n yet_o alter_v nothing_o of_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n and_o therefore_o florence_n of_o worcester_n tell_v we_o that_o anno_fw-la 1017_o being_n the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 619._o he_o divide_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n into_o four_o part_n and_o also_o foedus_fw-la cum_fw-la principibus_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la populo_fw-la ipse_fw-la &_o illi_fw-la cum_fw-la ipso_fw-la parcus_fw-la cessâ—runt_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o populus_fw-la or_o commons_o be_v put_v distinct_a by_o this_o author_n from_o the_o great_a lordâ—_n or_o nobleman_n here_o call_v principes_fw-la and_o this_o council_n be_v call_v by_o abbot_n bromton_n in_o his_o history_n parliamentum_fw-la apud_fw-la oxoniam_fw-la 908._o and_o also_o in_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o briadricesworth_n since_o call_v st._n edmundsbâ—ry_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n it_o be_v thus_o recite_v ego_fw-la cnut_n rex_fw-la totius_fw-la albionis_fw-la insulae_fw-la &_o aliarum_fw-la nationum_fw-la plurâ—marum_fw-la in_fw-la cathedra_fw-la regali_fw-la promotus_fw-la cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la eligi_fw-la sanciend_n whence_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o under_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v other_o person_n of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n or_o order_n to_o the_o comites_fw-la or_o earl_n there_o mention_v and_o these_o can_v mean_v no_o other_o than_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o who_o i_o have_v prove_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o these_o council_n m._n i_o can_v believe_v you_o have_v yet_o prove_v it_o for_o though_o i_o have_v hitherto_o omit_v to_o give_v you_o my_o thought_n of_o this_o word_n fidelium_fw-la yet_o i_o must_v now_o tell_v you_o once_o for_o all_o that_o by_o this_o word_n be_v not_o here_o mean_v or_o any_o where_o else_o in_o our_o saxon_a law_n to_o be_v understand_v the_o ordinary_a or_o common_a sort_n of_o people_n or_o any_o that_o represent_v they_o but_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o in_o military_a service_n which_o be_v then_o call_v the_o king_n thanes_z and_o be_v afterward_o the_o same_o with_o the_o barones_n minores_fw-la mention_v in_o king_n john_n s_o charter_n but_o i_o shall_v plain_o prove_v when_o i_o come_v to_o it_o that_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la after_o the_o conquest_n signify_v only_o the_o king_n s_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o mirite_n who_o we_o find_v to_o be_v witness_n after_o the_o duke_n or_o earl_n to_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n cnute_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v this_o word_n fideles_fw-la do_v in_o a_o common_a or_o large_a acceptation_n signify_v all_o such_o subject_n as_o owe_v fealty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n yet_o in_o a_o strict_a and_o legal_a signification_n as_o it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v take_v it_o signify_v only_o the_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o dr._n b._n have_v very_o well_o show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n and_o therefore_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n himself_o distinguish_v between_o these_o and_o all_o other_o subject_n fideles_fw-la in_o these_o word_n interâ—um_fw-la specialiter_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la â—dem_fw-la qui_fw-la vasalli_n qui_fw-la fâ—udo_fw-la accâ—pto_fw-la in_o patron_n fide_fw-la &_o cliâ—ntela_fw-la sunt_fw-la vicissimque_fw-la suamci_fw-la certi_fw-la obsequii_fw-la nomine_fw-la fidem_fw-la astrinxerunt_fw-la but_o indeed_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o understand_v it_o in_o your_o sense_n for_o then_o all_o that_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o be_v call_v fideles_fw-la shall_v have_v have_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o all_o the_o man_n in_o england_n above_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n must_v have_v be_v there_o in_o person_n which_o will_v have_v be_v a_o pretty_a large_a assembly_n and_o such_o a_o multitude_n as_o no_o one_o place_n can_v have_v contain_v they_o f._n if_o what_o dr._n b._n in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o norman_a history_n pag._n 157._o as_o also_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n pag._n 20._o be_v true_a 156._o that_o fendal_n tenor_n owe_v their_o original_a to_o william_n the_o conqueror_n though_o in_o other_o place_n he_o be_v of_o another_o mind_n then_o certain_o this_o word_n fideles_fw-la must_v have_v be_v use_v in_o a_o large_a sense_n in_o the_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o must_v have_v extend_v to_o all_o those_o who_o be_v bind_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n and_o allegiance_n in_o the_o folk_n mote_n or_o county_n court_n as_o they_o do_v long_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o aught_o to_o do_v so_o still_o if_o require_v and_o therefore_o this_o word_n fideles_fw-la can_v be_v then_o no_o more_o limit_v to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o that_o time_n than_o it_o be_v now_o who_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o can_v not_o all_o be_v present_a in_o the_o great_a council_n in_o person_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v there_o by_o their_o delegate_n as_o well_o as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o who_o may_v also_o consist_v of_o far_o great_a number_n than_o they_o now_o do_v since_o we_o find_v in_o the_o council_n of_o winchester_n but_o now_o mention_v that_o after_o the_o duke_n earls_z and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v also_o add_v aliorâ—mque_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la which_o great_a multitude_n sure_o must_v have_v signify_v somewhat_o more_o than_o your_o chief_a thanes_z or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_z or_o else_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la and_o proceres_fw-la may_v very_o well_o have_v comprehend_v all_o the_o degree_n of_o layman_n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o by_o some_o better_a authority_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o before_o the_o conquest_n the_o word_n fideles_fw-la
of_o walter_n of_o coventry_n 9o._o hen._n 3._o anno_fw-la dom._n 1225._o cotton_n you_o will_v find_v these_o word_n purificatione_n beatae_fw-la mariae_fw-la convocantur_fw-la apud_fw-la london_n proceres_fw-la angliae_fw-la ibique_fw-la tractatu_fw-la habito_fw-la diffusiore_fw-la cum_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la ibidem_fw-la convocato_fw-la rex_fw-la concessit_fw-la libertates_fw-la tam_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la quam_fw-la regni_fw-la quam_fw-la forestae_fw-la sicut_fw-la cartae_fw-la suae_fw-la inde_fw-la confectae_fw-la &_o singulis_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la liberatae_fw-la plenius_fw-la testantur_fw-la ibidemque_fw-la contessa_n domino_fw-la regi_fw-la a_o comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la ibidem_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la quintadecima_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la praeterquam_fw-la de_fw-la ecclesiis_fw-la but_o as_o for_o the_o word_n magnate_v mat._n paris_n in_o his_o history_n of_o this_o year_n relate_v it_o thus_o 223._o rex_fw-la hen._n ad_fw-la natale_fw-la tenuit_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westm._fw-la praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la solemnitate_fw-la igitur_fw-la ut_fw-la decebat_fw-la completa_fw-la hubertus_n de_fw-fr burgo_n ex_fw-la parte_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regis_fw-la proposuit_fw-la coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la universis_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o to_o give_v you_o the_o rest_n in_o english_a the_o king_n here_o demand_v the_o fifteen_o part_n of_o all_o their_o movable_a good_n upon_o which_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v with_o one_o accord_n answer_v that_o they_o will_v willing_o yield_v to_o the_o king_n desire_n if_o he_o will_v confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n to_o which_o the_o king_n have_v assent_v and_o seal_v they_o they_o grant_v the_o say_a supply_n from_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o as_o all_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la so_o must_v by_o a_o like_a parity_n of_o reason_n the_o commons_o be_v under_o populus_fw-la or_o else_o it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o idle_a tautology_n when_o it_o be_v put_v as_o it_o be_v here_o distinct_a from_o magnates_n now_o though_o there_o be_v no_o other_o person_n express_o mention_v by_o these_o two_o historian_n to_o have_v be_v at_o this_o parliament_n of_o the_o laity_n but_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n comprehend_v by_o they_o under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o proceres_fw-la populus_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la yet_o do_v but_o read_v the_o conclusion_n to_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o 9th_o hen._n 3._o and_o you_o will_v find_v that_o beside_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n there_o be_v also_o present_a the_o knight_n freeholder_n and_o all_o other_o of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o at_o large_a when_o i_o come_v to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o charter_n as_o a_o argument_n to_o prove_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v appear_v in_o parliament_n before_o 49_o hen._n 3._o so_o likewise_o the_o statute_n of_o fines_n make_v 27_o edward_n 1._o be_v ordain_v de_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n regni_fw-la and_o yet_o no_o mention_n make_v either_o of_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o commons_o and_o yet_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v but_o 9_o year_n after_o the_o 18_o of_o that_o king_n since_o which_o time_n the_o dr._n himself_o acknowledge_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v always_o represent_v in_o parliament_n as_o they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o yet_o mat._n westminster_n speak_v of_o this_o parliament_n mention_n its_o order_n only_o in_o general_a word_n thus_o dominica_n secunda_fw-la quadragesima_fw-la citatis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la and_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v there_o so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a to_o conclude_v from_o the_o general_a and_o equivocal_a expression_n either_o of_o ancient_a statute_n or_o historian_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o in_o parliament_n because_o not_o particular_o mention_v i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o instance_n of_o the_o like_a kind_a but_o i_o will_v not_o tire_v you_o but_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o use_v you_o make_v of_o the_o testimony_n of_o mat._n paris_n as_o to_z the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n magnate_v yet_o that_o all_o those_o historian_n that_o write_v immediate_o before_o or_o after_o he_o and_o continue_v his_o history_n do_v frequent_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n magnates_n &_o primate_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n and_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v give_v the_o testimony_n of_o two_o approve_a author_n the_o first_o be_v thomas_n walsingham_n in_o his_o history_n of_o england_n who_o in_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1313._o 6_o edw._n 2._o have_v these_o word_n recedâ—ns_n rex_fw-la de_fw-la berewici_fw-la partibus_fw-la pervenit_fw-la eboracum_n ubi_fw-la magnum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d clero_fw-la tenuit_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la universis_fw-la so_o likewise_o mat._n of_o westminster_n in_o his_o flores_n histor._n in_o the_o 24_o of_o edw._n 1._o anno_fw-la dom._n 1296._o relate_v a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o st._n edmondsbury_n at_o which_o appear_v primate_fw-la ac_fw-la magnates_fw-la svi_fw-la regni_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o quibus_fw-la novum_fw-la tallagium_fw-la postulavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n out_o of_o this_o author_n but_o i_o fear_v lest_o i_o shall_v tire_v you_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o hen._n de_fw-fr knighton_n in_o his_o history_n de_fw-fr eventibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la where_o in_o 9_o hen._n 3._o he_o thus_o speak_v concern_v this_o king_n be_v 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prelate_n &_o signior_n temporelx_n &_o vous_fw-fr mes_fw-fr compaignon_n les_fw-fr chivaler_n &_o autres_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr noble_a common_a de_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr and_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o word_n be_v then_o use_v in_o this_o sense_n among_o civilian_n from_o who_o we_o derive_v most_o of_o our_o title_n of_o dignity_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o large_a work_n of_o barthol_n cassaanaeus_fw
lord_n or_o peer_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o lesser_a or_o low_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la sometime_o style_v barones_n minores_fw-la be_v for_o some_o time_n before_o this_o summon_v by_o general_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n as_o appear_v by_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 18._o now_o whether_o these_o man_n be_v ever_o real_o peer_n or_o not_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o doubt_v since_o i_o do_v not_o find_v but_o it_o be_v they_o alone_a who_o for_o some_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o county_n court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o the_o public_a business_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v then_o as_o at_o this_o day_n a_o drudgery_n beneath_o the_o peer_n to_o perform_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o it_o but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v be_v certain_a that_o they_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o person_n much_o above_o any_o other_o layman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o they_o hold_v 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fe_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o affirm_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o after_o some_o sort_n represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o their_o superior_a lord_n deim_fw-ge though_o not_o as_o commoner_n since_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o baron_n do_v then_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n also_o though_o of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freehold_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o tenant_n by_o it_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freeholder_n f._n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o the_o falsity_n of_o this_o notion_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v tell_v i_o when_o a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v call_v who_o represent_v those_o person_n who_o you_o say_v do_v not_o appear_v there_o and_o make_v general_a law_n and_o grant_v general_n tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n for_o i_o see_v you_o shut_v out_o the_o great_a part_n even_o of_o these_o your_o true_a freeholder_n from_o this_o assembly_n m._n as_o for_o the_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n i_o at_o present_a conceive_v though_o i_o be_o not_o sure_a of_o it_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v hold_v land_n and_o perhaps_o divers_a knight_n fee_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n also_o since_o those_o estate_n which_o be_v give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o his_o servant_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o by_o such_o and_o such_o petit_fw-fr service_n may_v in_o process_n of_o time_n fall_v by_o purchase_n or_o descent_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o have_v sufficient_a estate_n to_o maintain_v that_o dignity_n and_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n they_o may_v for_o aught_o as_o i_o know_v before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la have_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n 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errant_a slave_n and_o vassal_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o mean_a person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v tax_v as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o superior_a lord_n which_o whether_o so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n will_v ever_o have_v suffer_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v m._n i_o grant_v this_o may_v now_o appear_v somewhat_o hard_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o then_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o grievance_n and_o it_o be_v then_o no_o more_o unjust_a than_o it_o be_v now_o that_o person_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n though_o of_o never_o so_o good_a estate_n in_o money_n or_o stock_n or_o that_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o for_o the_o life_n of_o another_o shall_v at_o this_o day_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o consequent_o be_v without_o any_o 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the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la above_o mention_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n from_o which_o you_o force_v i_o to_o digress_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n be_v only_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o which_o as_o in_o the_o lesser_a court_n baroa_n or_o court_n of_o manor_n the_o suitor_n or_o tenant_n be_v together_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o at_o first_o after_o the_o conquest_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o appoint_v or_o call_v which_o or_o what_o sort_n of_o those_o tenant_n be_v please_v to_o attend_v he_o with_o their_o aid_n and_o advice_n at_o his_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v more_o at_o large_a from_o our_o 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shall_v show_v you_o your_o mistake_v about_o the_o king_n tax_v anon_o but_o the_o main_a force_n of_o your_o argument_n lie_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o latin_a word_n you_o have_v last_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o i_o think_v you_o take_v in_o too_o strict_a a_o sense_n 108._o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o word_n baro_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o much_o in_o use_n before_o william_n i._o obtain_v the_o english_a diadem_n baro_n say_v camden_n britanni_n pro_fw-la svo_fw-la non_fw-la agnoscum_fw-la in_o anglosaxonicis_a legibus_fw-la nusquam_fw-la comparet_fw-la 121._o nec_fw-la in_o aâ—frici_fw-la glossario_fw-la saxonico_n inter_fw-la dignitatum_fw-la vocabula_fw-la habetur_fw-la for_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v those_o in_o their_o own_o language_n aealderman_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v name_v comites_fw-la and_o by_o the_o dane_n earl_n but_o it_o be_v of_o so_o extensive_a a_o import_n in_o its_o signification_n that_o we_o read_v of_o aldermani_fw-la regis_fw-la aldermani_fw-la comitatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o alderman_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a sense_n of_o this_o word_n we_o have_v whole_a regiment_n of_o earl_n who_o title_n seldom_o if_o at_o all_o descend_v hereditary_a till_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o after_o william_n i._o the_o saxon_a word_n aealderman_n and_o thegnes_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v change_v and_o in_o the_o room_n of_o aldermanni_n &_o thani_n we_o find_v comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o in_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o history_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n barones_n only_o take_v in_o those_o day_n for_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o for_o the_o inferior_a baron_n or_o free_a tenant_n which_o hold_v great_a estate_n of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o king_n by_o certain_a service_n and_o to_o who_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o earl_n as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n title_n baro_n often_o direct_v their_o charter_n 70._o barombus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la tam_fw-la francis_n quam_fw-la anglis_fw-la and_o we_o there_o also_o read_v some_o quotation_n from_o the_o old_a book_n of_o ramsey_n abby_n wherein_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ramsey_n as_o also_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la thereof_o be_v particular_o mention_v all_o which_o as_o this_o learned_a author_n tell_v we_o non_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la sunt_fw-la intelligenda_fw-la sid_n de_fw-fr vassallis_n feodalibus_fw-la note_n scil_n melioris_fw-la and_o the_o same_o author_n say_v a_o little_a low_o that_o baron_n be_v often_o take_v pro_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o soccagio_fw-it quam_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la m._n what_o then_o do_v you_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o freeholder_n in_o england_n by_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o hold_v appear_v in_o person_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n and_o dr._n b._n assign_v for_o the_o summon_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n at_o this_o rate_n every_o yeoman_n or_o petty_a freeholder_n be_v a_o baron_n so_o that_o this_o assembly_n may_v then_o consist_v of_o above_o 50_o or_o 60_o thousand_o person_n since_o spot_n in_o his_o chronicle_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o service_n of_o about_o 60000_o knight_n fee_n which_o by_o the_o time_n i_o suppose_v may_v have_v be_v divide_v into_o many_o more_o lesser_a one_o 19_o by_o co-heirship_a or_o by_o sale_n and_o otherwise_o parcel_v out_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n into_o half-knighs-fee_n three_o part_n of_o fee_n four_o part_n of_o fee_n eight_o part_n sixteen_o twenty_o thirty_o and_o forty_o part_n of_o fee_n and_o so_o have_v be_v increase_v into_o as_o many_o more_o and_o these_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o
and_o the_o other_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o since_o the_o 17_o of_o king_n john_n be_v summon_v by_o one_o common_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n since_o which_o time_n if_o not_o some_o time_n before_o i_o grant_v these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o look_v upon_o as_o baron_n or_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n proper_o so_o call_v yet_o do_v their_o vote_n in_o parliament_n still_o conclude_v and_o charge_v their_o tenant_n in_o the_o make_n and_o impose_v of_o tax_n or_o law_n which_o they_o alone_o together_o with_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a baron_n still_o perform_v until_o the_o time_n i_o assign_v f._n i_o see_v you_o be_v in_o a_o wood_n and_o do_v not_o know_v well_o under_o what_o class_n to_o rank_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o if_o they_o be_v at_o first_o all_o lord_n or_o peer_n how_o can_v they_o serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o hundred_o or_o county_z court_n if_o they_o be_v mere_a commoner_n than_o there_o be_v commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o and_o why_o may_v not_o other_o as_o considerable_a commoner_n have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o we_o never_o have_v any_o baron_n hold_v by_o mean_a tenure_n here_o in_o england_n this_o be_v plain_o equivocal_a for_o if_o you_o mean_v it_o of_o barony_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o be_v true_a if_o of_o other_o barony_n it_o be_v false_a by_o your_o own_o confession_n and_o sir_n h._n spâ—lman_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o title_n last_o quote_v that_o the_o baron_n of_o burford_n plead_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o yet_o he_o be_v never_o any_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o if_o he_o and_o such_o like_a baron_n as_o himself_o have_v no_o place_n in_o parliament_n who_o it_o be_v represent_v they_o there_o and_o therefore_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o dilemma_n i_o grant_v that_o every_o baron_n by_o tenure_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o every_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o a_o baron_n and_o this_o i_o think_v be_v so_o plain_a that_o you_o yourself_o can_v deny_v it_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o next_o question_n i_o can_v answer_v it_o without_o ask_v the_o gentleman_n from_o who_o you_o suppose_v i_o borrow_v the_o notion_n that_o there_o may_v be_v other_o baron_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o estate_n may_v have_v place_n in_o parliament_n suppose_v knight_n of_o shire_n be_v not_o introduce_v till_o after_o henry_n the_o ii_o or_o king_n john_n time_n when_o such_o freeholder_n become_v too_o numerous_a all_o to_o appear_v in_o person_n and_o yet_o these_o may_v not_o be_v baron_n by_o tenure_n and_o therefore_o all_o your_o question_n conclude_v nothing_o for_o you_o suppose_v that_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v prove_v that_o because_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n proper_o so_o call_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v consequent_o his_o baron_n that_o therefore_o none_o but_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n you_o only_o suppose_v and_o i_o as_o positive_o deny_v m._n well_o sir_n since_o you_o put_v it_o to_o that_o issue_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v full_o convince_v you_o that_o none_o but_o the_o person_n i_o have_v mention_v be_v the_o constituent_a member_n of_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n before_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o or_o 18_o edw._n i_o and_o who_o do_v give_v assent_v to_o all_o law_n that_o be_v make_v and_o all_o tax_n that_o be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o themselves_o and_o their_o under-tenant_n who_o be_v then_o conclude_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o superior_a lord_n but_o not_o to_o wrangle_v with_o you_o any_o long_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n 116._o i_o grant_v there_o be_v nominal_a or_o titular_a baron_n very_o many_o such_o as_o i_o have_v mention_v nay_o that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o great_a subject_n who_o have_v tenant_n that_o hold_v 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 〈◊〉_d nay_o more_o knight_n fee_n under_o they_o and_o who_o have_v the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o baron_n but_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o purpose_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v prove_v to_o i_o by_o any_o direct_a proof_n that_o these_o sort_n of_o man_n have_v any_o voice_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n in_o our_o great_a council_n till_o after_o the_o time_n we_o allow_v they_o and_o this_o beside_o the_o proof_n i_o have_v already_o bring_v i_o think_v be_v sufficient_a since_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o barones_n regni_fw-la or_o terra_n and_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n that_o be_v they_o be_v the_o king_n be_v great_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o alone_o constitute_v the_o baronage_n or_o university_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o for_o the_o far_a proof_n of_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o those_o very_a argument_n your_o own_o author_n 111._o mr._n p._n have_v make_v use_n of_o in_o his_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v wherein_o he_o will_v prove_v from_o certain_a letter_n that_o be_v send_v from_o the_o baronage_n or_o university_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o the_o pope_n against_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n exaction_n here_o in_o england_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o bring_v only_a fragment_n phrase_n or_o single_a word_n out_o of_o the_o record_n or_o history_n which_o seem_v to_o countenance_v my_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o those_o record_n and_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o historian_n as_o some_o of_o your_o man_n do_v but_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o quotation_n out_o of_o those_o author_n whole_a and_o entire_a and_o shall_v make_v such_o reasonable_a deduction_n from_o they_o as_o i_o think_v you_o will_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o deny_v to_o be_v fair_o raise_v from_o the_o word_n themselves_o and_o also_o as_o matt._n paris_n relate_v in_o the_o 29_o hen._n iii_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n send_v letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 658._o then_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o pope_n exaction_n which_o letter_n be_v say_v by_o this_o author_n to_o be_v direct_v a_o magnatibus_fw-la &_o universitate_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o in_o the_o same_o year_n there_o be_v other_o letter_n send_v thither_o from_o the_o same_o party_n to_o the_o cardinal_n there_o assemble_v which_o be_v recite_v by_o the_o old_a manuscript_n to_o have_v send_v messenger_n to_o the_o cardinal_n and_o the_o old_a manuscript_n in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n that_o they_o send_v to_o the_o cardinal_n assemble_v at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n â—_z a_o baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o universis_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la 〈◊〉_d rogeram_fw-la bigod_n comitem_fw-la norff._n willielmum_fw-la de_fw-la cantelupo_n johannem_fw-la silium_fw-la galfriâ—â—â—_n radulphum_fw-la filium_fw-la nicholas_n philippum_fw-la basset_n barones_n procuratores_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angâ—â—â—_n tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la innocentio_n papa_n quarto_fw-la celebrante_fw-la concilium_fw-la ibi_fw-la generale_fw-mi anno_fw-la gratia_n 1245._o and_o the_o letter_n be_v thus_o direct_v venerabilibus_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la fratribus_fw-la uniâ—â—sis_fw-la &_o singulis_n dei_fw-la gratia_n salutem_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o that_o matt._n of_o westminster_n do_v likewise_o agree_v in_o this_o relation_n only_o style_v the_o person_n last_o name_v milites_fw-la who_o matt._n paris_n call_v viri_fw-la nobiles_fw-la &_o discreti_fw-la but_o this_o will_v make_v no_o difference_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o and_o to_o these_o matt._n of_o westminster_n add_v mr._n william_n powic_n clark_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v their_o secretary_n but_o notwithstanding_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o all_o these_o person_n so_o send_v name_v barones_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la 103.104_o do_v not_o represent_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n at_o all_o but_o only_o the_o great_a earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o first_o it_o appear_v from_o sir_n w._n dugdale_n baronage_n of_o england_n they_o that_o every_o one_o of_o the_o person_n here_o name_v be_v either_o a_o earl_n baron_n or_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o nâ—â—_n common_a person_n as_o your_o author_n will_v have_v they_o and_o though_o it_o true_a the_o cottonian_a manuscript_n
that_o if_o the_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n have_v be_v sufficient_o explain_v i_o think_v no_o reasonable_a man_n can_v have_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v whether_o these_o abstract_a word_n nobilitas_fw-la universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la shall_v be_v take_v for_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n when_o thus_o represent_v in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o whether_o they_o shall_v be_v confine_v to_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a nobility_n only_o viz._n the_o great_a lord_n bishop_n and_o tenant_n in_o caâ—ite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v make_v i_o believe_v which_o require_v strong_a proof_n than_o what_o you_o have_v yet_o bring_v beside_o which_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la or_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la it_o be_v also_o more_o common_o use_v at_o this_o day_n and_o often_o then_o too_o in_o another_o more_o restrain_v and_o yet_o legal_a sense_n and_o that_o be_v when_o it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n distinct_a from_o the_o peer_n and_o this_o may_v very_o easy_o be_v distinguish_v by_o observe_v that_o when_o it_o be_v take_v in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v always_o set_v after_o the_o particular_a enumeration_n of_o the_o other_o order_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o peer_n viz._n the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n or_o when_o it_o be_v put_v contradistinct_a to_o the_o word_n magnate_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o some_o authority_n and_o example_n from_o historian_n and_o record_n of_o both_o these_o 35._o and_o that_o in_o the_o time_n precede_v those_o that_o you_o allow_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v in_o parliament_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v that_o which_o matt._n westm_n mention_n as_o a_o parliament_n hold_v 37th_o hen._n iii_o and_o which_o be_v thus_o recite_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n 352._o where_o after_o the_o excommunication_n denounce_v against_o all_o infringer_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la there_o be_v this_o solemn_a clause_n aâ—ded_v that_o if_o to_o the_o write_n concern_v the_o say_a sentence_n any_o other_o thing_n or_o in_o any_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v add_v thereunto_o beside_o the_o form_n of_o the_o say_a sentence_n then_o to_o be_v denounce_v and_o approve_v of_o that_o then_o dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o praedicti_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitas_fw-la populi_n pretestantur_fw-la publicae_fw-la before_o all_o the_o bishop_n that_o they_o will_v never_o consent_v thereunto_o and_o conclude_v thus_o in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la &_o in_o posterum_fw-la veritatis_fw-la testimonium_fw-la as_o well_o the_o king_n as_o the_o earl_n of_o norff._n heref._n essex_n and_o warwick_n as_o peter_n de_fw-fr sabaâ—dia_n ad_fw-la inslantiam_fw-la aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o populi_n praescripti_fw-la sigilla_fw-la sua_fw-la apposuerunt_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o it_o be_v usual_a before_o the_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o for_o those_o that_o be_v peer_n to_o sign_n for_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n or_o commons_o m_o i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o authority_n as_o you_o bring_v they_o lest_o i_o not_o only_o forget_v some_o of_o they_o but_o also_o tire_v both_o you_o and_o myself_o with_o too_o long_a a_o discourse_n i_o hope_v i_o be_o very_a well_o able_a to_o prove_v by_o the_o learned_a dr.'s_n assistance_n dein_fw-ge that_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n here_o mention_v doâ—h_o signify_v not_o the_o commonalty_n or_o commons_o but_o the_o community_n of_o the_o laity_n there_o present_a consist_v of_o the_o great_a baron_n or_o else_o the_o less_o or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o matt._n paris_n call_v this_o council_n tota_n angliae_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la 865._o and_o in_o this_o parliament_n the_o king_n demand_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o they_o after_o much_o contest_v and_o upon_o promise_n to_o reform_v all_o abuse_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n thereupon_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o the_o church_n grant_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o revenue_n for_o three_o year_n and_o the_o knight_n or_o nobility_n grant_v for_o that_o year_n scutage_n to_o wit_n three_o mark_n of_o every_o scutum_n or_o knight_n 〈◊〉_d and_o then_o the_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n in_o their_o pontificalibus_fw-la with_o light-candle_n in_o their_o hand_n in_o the_o presence_n and_o with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n the_o earl_n of_o cornwall_n his_o brother_n and_o several_a earl_n there_o name_v &_o aliorum_fw-la optimatum_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o other_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n excommunicate_v and_o curse_v all_o those_o that_o from_o thence_o forward_o shall_v deprive_v the_o church_n of_o she_o right_o and_o all_o those_o that_o shall_v change_v alter_v or_o diminish_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n especial_o those_o grant_v in_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o the_o common_a liberty_n of_o england_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n arâ—hiâ—piscopis_n episcopis_fw-la &_o cateris_fw-la angliae_fw-la praelatis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o â—â—berè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o â—â—gland_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free-tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a 〈◊〉_d knight_n service_n for_o they_o only_o be_v such_o aâ—_n pay_v scutage_n which_o be_v at_o this_o â—ime_n a_o kind_n of_o composition_n with_o the_o king_n for_o the_o confirm_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o be_v never_o charge_v but_o upon_o knight_n fee_n and_o these_o be_v such_o that_o hold_v perhaps_o one_o narrow_a or_o scanty_a knight_n fee_n only_o or_o some_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n as_o a_o half_a 3d_o four_o 6_o 8_o part_n etc._n etc._n who_o all_o pay_v a_o proportionable_a share_n of_o scutage_n to_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o land_n they_o hold_v of_o they_o in_o military_a service_n which_o be_v pay_v first_o to_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o by_o they_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o from_o thence_o i_o collect_v that_o beside_o the_o barones_n majores_fw-la that_o come_v to_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n there_o be_v also_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la according_a to_o the_o direction_n and_o law_n for_o summons_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n who_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la and_o that_o other_o tenant_n but_o hold_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o act_n 〈◊〉_d they_o all_o know_v how_o many_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o â—â—ey_n have_v give_v any_o away_o to_o other_o they_o hold_v of_o they_o as_o they_o do_v of_o the_o crown_n use_v answer_v a_o proportionable_a rate_n towards_o this_o tax_n for_o the_o fee_n quantity_n 〈◊〉_d part_n of_o fee_n they_o hold_v of_o they_o about_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o mistake_n 〈◊〉_d the_o scutage_n be_v ascertain_v so_o that_o in_o so_o great_a a_o assembly_n where_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n be_v call_v together_o by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v and_o upon_o so_o great_a 〈◊〉_d occasion_n and_o solemnity_n as_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o liberty_n after_o such_o a_o extraordinary_a a_o manner_n it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o beside_o the_o baron_n all_o the_o 〈◊〉_d in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a which_o be_v then_o very_o numerous_a be_v present_a or_o at_o least_o most_o of_o they_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o tell_v you_o to_o the_o communitas_fw-la be_v after_o the_o prelate_n baron_n and_o magnaâ—â—â—_n they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v all_o summon_v by_o one_o general_n write_v nor_o choose_v and_o send_v by_o the_o people_n but_o summon_v as_o the_o great_a baron_n in_o general_a by_o king_n john_n '_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o hereafter_o f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v well_o enough_o able_a to_o prove_v that_o what_o you_o have_v now_o allege_v be_v pure_a imagination_n or_o in_o the_o dr._n phrase_n a_o airy_a ambuscade_n and_o quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o matt._n paris_n as_o also_o of_o the_o lawyer_n and_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o this_o author_n by_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n must_v understand_v a_o order_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o magnate_v or_o else_o if_o the_o word_n magnates_n may_v have_v comprehend_v they_o all_o it_o will_v have_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o have_v mention_v any_o more_o but_o to_o answer_v those_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o mat._n paris_n as_o for_o the_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la since_o you_o still_o insist_v upon_o it_o i_o
have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a parliament_n as_o well_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a as_o commons_o be_v both_o before_o and_o after_o this_o time_n comprehend_v under_o these_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o if_o you_o yet_o doubt_v of_o it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o plain_a authority_n out_o of_o walsingham_n for_o it_o be_v in_o his_o life_n of_o edw._n ii_o anno_fw-la 1327._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o king_n deposition_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o queen_n and_o prince_n come_v to_o london_n there_o then_o meet_v tota_n regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la to_o depose_v the_o king_n and_o choose_v his_o son_n in_o his_o stead_n and_o then_o there_o be_v send_v to_o the_o king_n be_v prisoner_n in_o kenelworth_n castle_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n two_o bishop_n two_o earl_n two_o abbot_n and_o of_o every_o county_n three_o knight_n and_o also_o from_o london_n and_o other_o city_n and_o great_a town_n especial_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n a_o certain_a number_n of_o person_n who_o inform_v he_o of_o the_o election_n of_o his_o son_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v the_o crown_n and_o royal_a dignity_n etc._n etc._n this_o proof_n be_v so_o plain_a it_o need_v no_o comment_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n the_o strength_n of_o it_o chief_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o tax_n there_o mention_v be_v say_v to_o be_v grant_v à _fw-la militibus_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o of_o three_o mark_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o scutage_n be_v not_o scutage_n service_n but_o a_o general_a land_n tax_n or_o manner_n of_o tax_v according_a to_o knight_n fee_n and_o which_o be_v continue_v long_o after_o hen._n iii_o reign_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o passage_n in_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n scutagium_fw-la edwardus_fw-la primus_fw-la habuit_fw-la 40_o soli_fw-la de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la 〈◊〉_d anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 13_o dom._n 1285._o pro_fw-la expeditione_n contra_fw-la wallos_n and_o it_o be_v also_o grant_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o after_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n when_o you_o and_o the_o dr._n suppose_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v then_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o a_o militibus_fw-la here_o mention_v by_o this_o author_n must_v only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o not_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n since_o it_o be_v not_o here_o say_v a_o militibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o force_a interpretation_n of_o the_o dr.'s_n and_o without_o any_o authority_n to_o limit_v these_o word_n militibus_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la which_o you_o omit_v with_o a_o etc._n etc._n as_o also_o the_o omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la only_o to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o england_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free_a tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a or_o knight_n service_n because_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n whereas_o you_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v grant_v to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n who_o have_v all_o a_o benefit_n by_o it_o and_o who_o pay_v towards_o the_o aid_n there_o grant_v as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o if_o knight_n fee_n alone_o be_v tax_v and_o that_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o right_a all_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n and_o by_o burgoge_n oâ—_n sâ—occage_n tenure_n who_o make_v a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n can_v pay_v this_o scutage_n since_o they_o hold_v not_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o by_o certain_a rent_n or_o other_o service_n and_o so_o not_o appear_v in_o person_n can_v have_v no_o representative_n in_o this_o or_o any_o other_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o may_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o value_n that_o knight_n fee_n be_v then_o reckon_v at_o viz._n for_o every_o 20_o l._n a_o year_n estate_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o this_o can_v be_v call_v scutage_n or_o how_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o lord_n from_o who_o they_o hold_v those_o land_n can_v give_v away_o their_o money_n for_o they_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o desire_v also_o to_o know_v how_o all_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n can_v be_v charge_v with_o this_o tax_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o be_v you_o yourself_o grant_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o other_o mesâ—e_a lord_n by_o soccage_n or_o bargage_v tenure_n so_o that_o this_o tax_n if_o grant_v only_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n can_v reach_v they_o and_o no_o other_o person_n but_o if_o by_o this_o word_n a_o militibus_fw-la may_v be_v understand_v knight_n of_o shire_n than_o the_o tax_n be_v general_a as_o well_o upon_o soccage_n tenant_n as_o those_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o for_o the_o other_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o viz._n the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la which_o you_o translate_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n than_o they_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a since_o you_o have_v already_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o â—â—lites_n be_v so_o call_v non_fw-la a_o militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o feodo_fw-la and_o if_o it_o be_v no_o name_n of_o dignity_n then_o certain_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la will_v have_v serve_v to_o comprehend_v all_o your_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o any_o other_o addition_n but_o that_o these_o word_n laberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la do_v not_o here_o signify_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n pray_v see_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la where_o he_o there_o give_v we_o a_o more_o general_a signification_n of_o theseword_n thus_o ad_fw-la nobilesolim_n spectabant_fw-la isti_fw-la 〈◊〉_d à _fw-la majoribus_fw-la ortos_fw-la omnino_fw-la liberis_fw-la and_o then_o end_v thus_o vide_fw-la ingenuus_n legalis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d francus_n tenens_fw-la liberè_fw-la alius_fw-la libre_fw-la tenent_n quo_fw-la etiam_fw-la sensu_fw-la occurrit_fw-la interdum_fw-la homo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d which_o upon_o every_o one_o of_o these_o title_n he_o make_v to_o signify_v all_o one_o use_v the_o same_o thing_n viz._n a_o ordinary_a freeholder_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o very_a force_a interpretation_n of_o you_o to_o limit_v these_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n only_o to_o the_o community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o i_o confess_v you_o be_v very_o kind_a in_o one_o main_a point_n in_o únderstand_v the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n to_o mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o then_o do_v what_o you_o can_v these_o word_n must_v here_o signify_v mere_a commoner_n or_o commons_o unless_o you_o can_v show_v we_o a_o three_o sort_v of_o man_n who_o though_o neither_o lord_n nor_o commons_o yet_o have_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n so_o that_o these_o gentleman_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n be_v no_o more_o noble_a than_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vavafor_n themselves_o my_o than_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o then_o grant_v as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n have_v then_o also_o their_o representative_n there_o i_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v not_o commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o 49_o hen._n iii_o or_o not_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o your_o dr.'s_n assertion_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la must_v here_o signify_v the_o commons_o and_o not_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n appear_v plain_o by_o this_o place_n you_o have_v quote_v since_o it_o be_v restrain_v by_o yourself_o to_o mean_v not_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o only_o the_o community_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n but_o that_o matt._n paris_n do_v also_o in_o another_o place_n take_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la for_o the_o commoner_n and_o not_o for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n pray_v again_o remember_v what_o he_o say_v in_o anno_fw-la 1225._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n how_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la come_v to_o be_v confirm_v in_o 9th_o hen._n iii_o he_o tell_v we_o rex_fw-la henricus_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_n tenuit_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n
voluntate_fw-la &_o precipto_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la â—â—â—datorum_fw-la baâ—onium_fw-la ac_fw-la etiam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la praesentium_fw-la m._n i_o think_v the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o full_a satisfaction_n as_o to_o this_o record_n p._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n the_o substance_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o in_o short_a first_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o force_a peace_n simon_n mountford_n and_o his_o faction_n then_o hold_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n as_o also_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n brother_n as_o good_a as_o prisoner_n and_o make_v they_o do_v what_o he_o please_v and_o he_o carry_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n along_o with_o he_o until_o he_o have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v than_o he_o call_v this_o parliament_n which_o can_v not_o be_v one_o in_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v now_o take_v since_o there_o be_v none_o there_o but_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o head_n of_o the_o rebel_n which_o have_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o their_o power_n and_o as_o you_o yourself_o set_v forth_o be_v the_o same_o person_n that_o seal_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o other_o baron_n and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o community_n must_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o great_a man_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o military_a service_n and_o no_o other_o for_o how_o can_v the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v they_o do_v not_o then_o nor_o now_o do_v represent_v they_o 217._o but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o another_o authority_n to_o make_v this_o clear_a of_o some_o year_n before_o relate_v in_o matt._n paris_n viz._n anno_fw-la dom._n 12â—â—_n 42_o d_o hen._n iii_o where_o letter_n be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v a_o communitate_fw-la angliae_fw-la to_o the_o pope_n concern_v aymer_n de_fw-fr valence_n bishop_n elect_n of_o wachester_n the_o direction_n be_v thus_o sanctissimo_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la patri_fw-la etc._n etc._n communitas_fw-la comitum_fw-la procerum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la cum_fw-la subjectione_n debita_fw-la pedum_n osrâ—â—â—_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o put_v the_o matter_n beyond_o all_o doubt_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o letter_n be_v seal_v by_o six_o earl_n and_o five_o baron_n only_o vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la i_o need_v 〈◊〉_d give_v you_o their_o name_n since_o you_o may_v find_v they_o in_o the_o author_n himself_o as_o also_o cite_v by_o the_o dr._n and_o as_o for_o h._n bigod_n the_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o four_o person_n name_v after_o he_o they_o be_v prove_v by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o his_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v the_o great_a baron_n in_o the_o kingdom_n now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n do_v these_o eleven_o person_n all_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n represent_v the_o whole_a commons_o or_o community_n of_o england_n as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v or_o do_v they_o represent_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n only_o together_o with_o the_o alios_fw-la the_o milites_fw-la which_o hold_v by_o military_a service_n of_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o whole_a community_n here_o intend_v must_v be_v one_o of_o they_o take_v which_o you_o please_v you_o will_v lose_v the_o cause_n for_o certain_o these_o great_a 〈◊〉_d and_o baron_n that_o seal_v this_o letter_n vice_fw-la totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la be_v not_o choose_v nor_o send_v by_o the_o commons_o to_o this_o parliament_n or_o meeting_n nor_o be_v the_o commons_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n by_o they_o as_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o grant_v f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o make_v any_o long_a reply_n to_o this_o answer_n of_o youâ—â—_n or_o rather_o of_o your_o dr.'s_n since_o it_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o same_o false_a supposition_n with_o the_o other_o viz._n that_o the_o word_n cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la tot_fw-la â_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la must_v always_o mean_v only_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o supposition_n if_o it_o be_v false_a in_o your_o former_a argument_n be_v also_o as_o false_a in_o this_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o too_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v impertinent_a to_o repeat_v my_o answer_n to_o it_o but_o if_o this_o be_v no_o true_a parliament_n because_o simon_n mountford_n have_v then_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o his_o power_n this_o will_v likewise_o serve_v to_o unparliament_n that_o of_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o this_o king_n from_o whence_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n date_n the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n since_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v as_o much_o in_o simon_n mountford_n power_n then_o as_o now_o and_o yet_o no_o man_n as_o i_o know_v of_o ever_o question_v the_o validity_n of_o it_o though_o i_o can_v also_o omit_v that_o you_o pass_v by_o in_o this_o letter_n the_o word_n magnatum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la regni_fw-la under_o which_o word_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v may_v very_o well_o be_v comprehend_v all_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n unless_o the_o word_n have_v run_v thus_o as_o they_o shall_v have_v do_v to_o have_v make_v out_o your_o assertion_n aliorumque_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a point_n you_o insist_v upon_o which_o be_v how_o these_o great_a earlâ—_n and_o baron_n can_v seal_v this_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o these_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o i_o answer_v to_o that_o i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o one_o question_n you_o have_v already_o allow_v that_o the_o ordinary_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o which_o that_o numerous_a body_n chief_o consist_v though_o call_v by_o courtesy_n barones_n minores_fw-la be_v real_o no_o baron_n nor_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o if_o so_o be_v but_o commoner_n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o these_o great_a earl_n and_o baron_n you_o mention_v to_o have_v sign_v this_o peace_n and_o this_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n can_v put_v their_o seal_n for_o those_o who_o be_v no_o baron_n themselves_o by_o your_o own_o confession_n and_o you_o can_v say_v they_o represent_v they_o for_o they_o be_v as_o good_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o great_a lord_n but_o if_o you_o say_v they_o do_v it_o by_o their_o order_n and_o consent_n pray_v why_o may_v not_o these_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n as_o well_o do_v the_o like_a for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n by_o their_o appointment_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o lord_n do_v act_v thus_o in_o the_o letter_n which_o be_v send_v to_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o business_n of_o scotland_n and_o beside_o i_o must_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o dr._n and_o you_o do_v not_o deal_v fair_o with_o your_o adversary_n in_o cite_v this_o authority_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v these_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n vice_n tâ—tius_fw-la communitatâ—s_fw-la angliae_fw-la since_o i_o acknowledge_v in_o this_o place_n the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v put_v alone_o do_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o authority_n i_o have_v quote_v it_o be_v put_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o so_o then_o must_v mean_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n or_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v and_o as_o it_o have_v be_v always_o use_v in_o french_a as_o well_o as_o in_o latin_a when_o it_o come_v after_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v and_o for_o this_o pray_v see_v the_o stat._n of_o westm._n i._o make_v 3_o d_o edw._n i._n but_o eleven_o year_n after_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o hen._n iii_o per_n l'assâ—ntments_n des_fw-fr aechievesques_n evesques_n abbes_n prior_n count_n baron_n &_o tout_fw-fr le_fw-fr commonalty_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr illonques_fw-la summone_n which_o phrase_n i_o can_v show_v you_o to_o have_v continue_v the_o same_o in_o most_o of_o our_o french_a statute_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n and_o all_o his_o successor_n in_o many_o record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n whilst_o they_o be_v write_v in_o latin_a or_o french_a which_o i_o shall_v omit_v recite_v because_o i_o suppose_v you_o yourself_o will_v allow_v it_o i_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o to_o say_v concern_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la &_o le_fw-fr communality_n which_o because_o it_o be_v long_o and_o it_o now_o grow_v late_a i_o shall_v
confer_v any_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n upon_o freeholder_n of_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o give_v their_o voice_n at_o such_o election_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o only_o take_v away_o the_o right_n which_o the_o small_a freeholder_n of_o under_o 40_o s_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o have_v before_o and_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o the_o vaâ—â—_n of_o 40_o s._n by_o year_n above_o all_o charge_n and_o it_o be_v yet_o a_o much_o great_a mistake_n to_o suppose_v as_o your_o dr._n do_v that_o this_o statute_n of_o 8_o the_o hen._n vi_o be_v at_o all_o alter_v by_o that_o of_o the_o 10_o the_o of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o explanation_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o by_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v mean_v 40_o s._n freehold_n and_o that_o of_o land_n lie_v within_o the_o county_n where_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v so_o that_o nothing_o can_v prove_v more_o express_o that_o all_o freeholder_n as_o well_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o by_o any_o other_o tenure_n be_v all_o alike_o capable_a of_o election_n and_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o england_n long_o before_o those_o statute_n and_o consequent_o be_v all_o alike_a freeholder_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n but_o if_o you_o have_v nothing_o at_o present_a to_o object_v against_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v pray_v pursue_v the_o method_n you_o have_v undertake_v and_o let_v i_o see_v those_o convince_a proof_n you_o so_o much_o rely_v upon_o and_o which_o you_o hope_v may_v also_o serve_v to_o convert_v i_o m._n before_o i_o undertake_v this_o task_n pray_v permit_v i_o to_o give_v you_o my_o opinion_n in_o answer_n to_o the_o difficulty_n you_o have_v now_o propose_v which_o i_o confess_v seem_v to_o carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o but_o those_o prejudices_fw-la will_v soon_o vanish_v when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o first_o time_n this_o alteration_n be_v practise_v it_o be_v do_v in_o the_o king_n name_n though_o by_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o simon_n mountfort_n in_o the_o 49th_o hen_n iii_o and_o after_o a_o discontinuance_n of_o above_o twenty_o year_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o edw._n i._n at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o before_o we_o have_v finish_v our_o conversation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v first_o do_v by_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_a power_n and_o after_o with_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o lord_n there_o need_v no_o statute_n to_o introduce_v it_o any_o more_o than_o there_o be_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o give_v the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n place_n in_o parliament_n among_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o to_o bring_v their_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v before_o in_o franc_n almoigne_z under_o the_o yoke_n of_o military_a service_n but_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o design_n i_o have_v undertake_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o i_o show_v you_o first_o of_o all_o who_o be_v those_o freeman_n or_o freeholder_n proper_o so_o call_v upon_o who_o the_o whole_a burden_n of_o the_o subordinate_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chief_o rely_v and_o who_o then_o constitute_v the_o legal_a university_n or_o community_n thereof_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o during_o many_o king_n reign_n after_o that_o time_n i_o suppose_v you_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v out_v all_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o their_o estate_n give_v they_o away_o to_o his_o french_a and_o norman_a follower_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n in_o capite_fw-la either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o ancient_a demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o add_v more_o thereunto_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o royal_a dignity_n and_o for_o this_o i_o need_v refer_v you_o to_o no_o better_a author_n than_o doomsday_n book_n itself_o and_o then_o after_o he_o have_v thus_o distribute_v the_o land_n of_o england_n as_o aforesaid_a he_o compose_v a_o body_n of_o law_n still_o extant_a and_o which_o be_v in_o great_a part_n addition_n to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o his_o predecessor_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o three_o or_o four_o of_o these_o new_a law_n 254._o and_o then_o i_o shall_v leave_v you_o to_o judge_v who_o be_v the_o true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o the_o first_o be_v the_o 52_o d_o law_n of_o this_o king_n tit._n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la &_o obsequio_fw-la ergo_fw-la regem_fw-la statuâ—mus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la faedere_fw-la &_o sacramento_n affirmarent_fw-la quod_fw-la intra_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la olim_fw-la vocabâ—o_fw-la regnum_fw-la britanny_n wilâ—ielmo_n regi_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la fideles_fw-la esse_fw-la volunt_fw-la tâ—ras_n &_o honour_n illius_fw-la omni_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la seruare_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la &_o alienigenar_a difendere_fw-la now_o who_o these_o freeman_n be_v that_o be_v thus_o to_o maintain_v the_o king_n in_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o 55th_o law_n follow_v tit._n de_n clienteleri_fw-la seu_fw-la feudorum_fw-la jure_fw-la &_o ingenuòrum_fw-la immunitate_fw-la volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o â—â—_o mean_v terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o póssessiones_fw-la sâ—â—s_fw-la benè_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n libere_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injusto_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la liberum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jùre_fw-la nobis_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la &_o facere_fw-la tenentur_fw-la &_o prout_fw-la statutum_n est_fw-la in_o &_o allis_fw-la a_o nobis_fw-la datum_n &_o concessum_fw-la jure_fw-la hereditario_fw-la imperpetuum_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la votius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n here_o mention_v who_o be_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n in_o peace_n and_o free_a from_o all_o unjâ—_n exaction_n and_o taillage_n be_v only_o such_o who_o be_v to_o perform_v free_a service_n i._n e._n knight_n service_n which_o be_v before_o appoint_v and_o grant_v they_o in_o hereditary_a right_n by_o the_o king_n in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o none_o be_v proper_o freeman_n or_o exempt_v from_o tax_n or_o talliage_n 17._o but_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o military_a tenure_n though_o not_o knight_v and_o pray_v also_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n that_o by_o this_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la you_o be_v not_o to_o understand_v a_o council_n of_o english_a man_n or_o of_o english_a and_o french_a together_o but_o one_o whole_o make_v up_o of_o frenchman_n or_o norman_n who_o as_o well_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o temporal_a earl_n and_o baron_n hold_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o kingdom_n by_o knight_n service_n which_o be_v also_o far_o make_v out_o by_o the_o 58_o the_o law_n tit._n de_n clientum_fw-la seu_fw-la vassallorem_fw-la prastationibus_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o berme_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la &_o universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la prâ—â—â—â—tihabeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la se_fw-la semper_fw-la benè_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la &_o in_o equis_fw-la ut_fw-la decet_fw-la &_o oportet_fw-la &_o qud_fw-la sint_fw-la semper_fw-la prompti_fw-la &_o benè_fw-la parati_fw-la ad_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la integrum_fw-la nobis_fw-la explendum_fw-la &_o pâ—â—â—gendum_fw-la cum_fw-la semper_fw-la opus_fw-la adfuerit_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o teneâ—â—â—tis_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o sicut_fw-la illis_fw-la statuimus_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la dedimus_fw-la &_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la hoc_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la violatum_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la super_fw-la foris_fw-la facturam_fw-la nostram_fw-la plenam_fw-la so_o that_o here_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v to_o perform_v their_o military_a service_n ibid._n with_o horse_n and_o arm_n according_a to_o their_o fee_n and_o tenor_n therefore_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o military_a service_n only_o which_o in_o those_o time_n be_v the_o only_a great_a freeman_n and_o that_o service_n the_o only_a free_a service_n which_o be_v mean_v in_o this_o law_n and_o â—ow_o different_a they_o be_v from_o our_o ordinary_a freeholder_n at_o this_o day_n for_o who_o neither_o of_o these_o law_n be_v make_v i_o dare_v leave_v it_o
which_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v liable_a to_o as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o your_o conquest_n nor_o will_v the_o 58_o the_o law_n make_v more_o for_o you_o for_o though_o it_o â—â—ly_o say_v that_o all_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o their_o servitor_n or_o esquire_n and_o all_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v always_o be_v fit_v with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o they_o â—â—ought_v to_o be_v and_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v according_a to_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o â—ees_n and_o tenor_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o law_n can_v extend_v to_o the_o less_o 〈◊〉_d capite_fw-la only_a since_o they_o according_a to_o your_o own_o sense_n be_v comprehend_v â—â—eder_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o their_o servientes_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o mean_v their_o feudataâ—y_a tenant_n be_v as_o much_o tie_v by_o this_o law_n to_o find_v horse_n and_o arm_n as_o the_o tâ—â—ants_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_o so_o that_o whereas_o the_o law_n say_v express_o uniâ—â—rsi_fw-la liberi_fw-la â—â—mines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la it_o shall_v have_v be_v to_o make_v good_a your_o sense_n universe_n libeâ—â—_n homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o freeman_n who_o be_v â—f_o lesser_a estate_n than_o to_o find_v horse_n they_o be_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o such_o arm_n as_o beâ—â—ed_v their_o condition_n as_o we_o see_v it_o explain_v by_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n of_o henry_n ii_o which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v so_o that_o this_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o 〈◊〉_d sense_n you_o put_v upon_o it_o that_o all_o the_o true_a freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o if_o none_o be_v freeman_n that_o do_v not_o but_o refer_v the_o word_n horse_n and_o arm_n to_o those_o who_o be_v to_o â—ind_v both_o and_o the_o word_n arm_n to_o those_o freeman_n who_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o keep_v arm_n â—it_a for_o footman_n which_o sense_n the_o word_n will_v very_o well_o bear_v though_o express_v general_o and_o concise_o according_a to_o the_o mode_n of_o those_o time_n which_o abhor_v more_o word_n than_o â—eeds_o and_o if_o these_o law_n will_v not_o prove_v what_o you_o bring_v they_o for_o much_o less_o till_o the_o last_o you_o have_v cite_v for_o if_o the_o word_n omneâ—_n liberâ—_n homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o law_n who_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n must_v â—â—tend_v to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v all_o freeman_n be_v aâ—â—e_n oblige_v to_o be_v swear_v in_o the_o court_n leer_n and_o county_n court_n so_o must_v this_o too_o 〈◊〉_d title_n be_v that_o omnes_fw-la subditi_fw-la all_o the_o subject_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o maintain_v the_o king_n right_n with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o subditi_fw-la here_o be_v the_o same_o with_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o first_o law_n yet_o since_o by_o that_o law_n all_o freeman_n be_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n these_o must_v be_v also_o the_o very_a same_o freeman_n who_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v brother_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o their_o power_n and_o estate_n so_o that_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v your_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v the_o only_a freeman_n that_o serve_v oâ—_n jury_n etc._n etc._n be_v build_v upon_o a_o false_a interpretation_n of_o these_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v but_o the_o mere_a fancy_n and_o imagination_n of_o the_o author_n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v they_o but_o take_v the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o strict_a sense_n and_o as_o they_o be_v be_v the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n and_o h._n iii_o chap._n 14._o where_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la non_fw-la amercietur_fw-la pro_fw-la parvo_fw-la delicto_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la illius_fw-la delicti_fw-la saluâ—â—h_fw-mi contenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la &_o mercatar_a eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la salva_fw-la marchandiza_fw-mi &_o villanus_fw-la saluâ—_n wâ—nagio_n upon_o which_o word_n sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o 2_o d._n inst._n observe_v that_o 〈◊〉_d homo_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v such_o a_o one_o as_o enjoy_v a_o franc_n tenement_n that_o be_v any_o sort_n of_o freeâ—â—_n hold_v but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o prove_v by_o some_o plain_a authority_n that_o the_o arch-bishops_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n etc._n etc._n together_o with_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capita_fw-la be_v the_o only_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n in_o the_o time_n immediate_o succeed_v the_o reign_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o m._n i_o shall_v perform_v your_o desire_n and_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o great_a council_n 〈◊〉_d parliament_n hold_v at_o clarendon_n of_o which_o matt._n paris_n tell_v we_o 〈◊〉_d dom._n 1164._o 10_o the_o of_o king_n h._n ii_o â—20_n in_o presentia_fw-la regis_fw-la henriâ—s_n 〈…〉_z rendon_n 8_o calend._n febr._n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr mandato_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la presentibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la recognitio_fw-la and_o which_o quadrilogus_fw-la and_o gervasâ—_n 〈◊〉_d canterbury_n comprise_v under_o the_o general_a term_n of_o brasules_a &_o prâ—ceres_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingâ—dom_n 1164._o what_o can_v be_v more_o clear_a by_o this_o enumeration_n of_o the_o constitâ—â—ent_a part_n of_o this_o full_a parliament_n as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n and_o other_o author_n agree_v it_o to_o be_v than_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o none_o of_o theâ—_n and_o that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la in_o hoveden_n be_v only_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o lay_v nobility_n so_o likewise_o when_o these_o constitution_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o this_o king_n at_o bathampton_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o though_o by_o a_o mistake_v it_o be_v writtâ—â—_n nottingham_n that_o rex_fw-la pater_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la magnum_fw-la consilium_fw-la de_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v regni_fw-la 50._o &_o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopâ—â—_n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o council_n be_v more_o particular_o recite_v by_o benedictus_n abbas_n in_o his_o manuscript_n history_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n anno._n 1176._o which_o be_v the_o 25_o the_o h._n 〈◊〉_d circa_n festum_fw-la conversionis_fw-la sancti_fw-la pauli_n julii_fw-la venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la â—â—â—thampton_fw-la &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d episcopis_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la eye_v per_fw-la 〈◊〉_d regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o per_fw-la concilium_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o nilitâ—â—_n hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la hanc_fw-la subscriptam_fw-la assisam_fw-la â—ecit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n dean_n of_o st._n paul_n a._n d._n 1210._o a_o diligent_a searcher_n into_o the_o history_n and_o transaction_n of_o his_o own_o and_o former_a time_n 40._o do_v yet_o more_o full_o declare_v the_o meaning_n of_o abbot_n benedict_n in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o this_o great_a council_n thus_o rex_fw-la juxta_fw-la consilium_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la regis_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la consentientibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n hoc_fw-la autem_fw-la factum_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la northamptonam_fw-la â—ino_fw-la kal_n febr._n from_o all_o which_o authority_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o this_o council_n at_o northampton_n as_o well_o as_o that_o at_o clarendon_n be_v a_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o which_o be_v summon_v of_o the_o laity_n only_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o he_o viz._n the_o king_n land_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v for_o the_o better_a explain_v who_o be_v understand_v under_o these_o title_n of_o baronum_n militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la that_o be_v such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_n and_o such_o as_o be_v his_o man_n or_o tenant_n that_o be_v military_a tenant_n as_o be_v not_o knight_v and_o who_o hold_v land_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o son_n to_o who_o the_o king_n may_v assign_v divers_a of_o these_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o atturn_v tenant_n to_o he_o 204._o and_o to_o maintain_v his_o court_n and_o kingship_n and_o the_o king_n be_v comites_fw-la and_o barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o or_o be_v his_o immediate_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o homo_fw-la suus_fw-la &_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la do_v for_o
word_n clâ—rus_n which_o there_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n must_v needs_o signify_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n he_o express_v the_o lay_v order_n thus_o cum_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la ac_fw-la proceribus_fw-la cunctis_fw-la where_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la here_o put_v distinct_a from_o barones_n which_o may_v very_o well_o signify_v not_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la do_v often_o signify_v both_o in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n but_o quadrilogus_fw-la give_v we_o the_o title_n of_o these_o constitution_n more_o exact_o in_o these_o word_n facta_fw-la est_fw-la ista_fw-la recognitio_fw-la coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o in_o the_o next_o line_n he_o say_v that_o those_o custom_n be_v thus_o recognize_v per_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o per_fw-la nobiliores_fw-la &_o antiquiores_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o he_o likewise_o distinguish_v between_o the_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o those_o who_o in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o call_v proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o the_o next_o he_o call_v nibilores_n &_o antiquiores_fw-la regni_fw-la by_o which_o he_o may_v mean_v the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o be_v call_v in_o the_o saxon_a times_n seniores_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v now_o if_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n appear_v by_o their_o representative_n at_o this_o council_n since_o they_o can_v not_o then_o all_o come_v thither_o in_o person_n any_o more_o than_o now_o to_o imagine_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n shall_v not_o be_v likewise_o there_o by_o their_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o order_n be_v to_o deprive_v the_o commons_o of_o that_o right_n which_o you_o can_v but_o allow_v to_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n to_o conclude_v you_o yourself_o confess_v that_o your_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la sometime_o call_v barones_n minores_fw-la be_v only_o nominal_o and_o nor_o proper_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o sense_n that_o word_n be_v now_o take_v and_o if_o so_o pray_v give_v i_o any_o satisfactory_a reason_n why_o other_o commoner_n as_o well_o as_o they_o viz._n the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n may_v not_o then_o likewise_o have_v have_v place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n m._n i_o see_v you_o use_v your_o utmost_a endeavour_n from_o the_o various_a and_o equivocal_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n in_o question_n between_o we_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n miiâ—a_n &_o homines_fw-la sai_fw-la which_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a can_v not_o be_v according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n at_o that_o time_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o very_a plain_a answer_n to_o your_o question_n why_o other_o commonrss_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o be_v present_a or_o have_v place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o that_o time_n appear_v by_o those_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o dr._n b._n have_v make_v use_n of_o with_o so_o good_a success_n against_o mr._n p._n and_o the_o author_n of_o janus_n anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v read_v they_o along_o with_o i_o 〈◊〉_d they_o stand_v here_o in_o the_o appendix_n to_o the_o dr_n complete_a history_n of_o england_n 131._o and_o as_o he_o have_v transcribe_v they_o from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n in_o bennet_n college_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o so_o many_o distinct_a article_n or_o chapter_n but_o those_o we_o chief_o insist_v upon_o be_v these_o article_n 14._o nullum_fw-la scutagium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ponam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la corpus_fw-la nostrum_fw-la redimendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la primogenâ—â—_fw-la 〈◊〉_d filium_fw-la nostrum_fw-la militem_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la primogenitam_fw-la filiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la semel_fw-la nâ—â—tandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la siet_fw-la nisi_fw-la rationabile_fw-la auxilium_fw-la 15._o simili_fw-la modo_fw-la fiat_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la londinensi_fw-la &_o civitas_n londinensâ—_n habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la antiquas_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terras_fw-la quâ—â—_n per_fw-la aquas_fw-la 16._o praeterea_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la aliae_fw-la civitates_fw-la &_o burgi_n &_o villae_fw-la &_o barones_n the_o quinque_fw-la portibus_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la portus_n habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertà tes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la conclium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la aâ—â—liis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la 17._o et_fw-fr de_fw-fr scutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la submoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_n singillatin_a per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la 18._o et_fw-la praterea_fw-la faciemus_fw-la submoneri_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vice_n comites_fw-la &_o ballivos_fw-la nostrâ—_fw-la omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la scilicet_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la quadra_fw-la ginta_fw-la dierum_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la certum_fw-la locum_fw-la &_o in_o omnibus_fw-la literis_fw-la submonitionis_fw-la caâ—_n same_o submonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la 19_o et_fw-la sic_fw-la facta_fw-la submonitione_fw-la negotium_fw-la procedat_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la assignatum_fw-la secundâ—â—_n consilium_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la praesentes_fw-la fuâ—rint_fw-la quamvis_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la submoniti_fw-la venerint_fw-la from_o which_o ancient_a monument_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o the_o king_n exercise_v a_o royal_a prerogative_n before_o this_o charter_n of_o assess_v aid_n and_o scutage_n upon_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n without_o the_o assent_n oâ—_n the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n since_o call_v the_o parliament_n from_o do_v which_o for_o the_o future_a the_o king_n by_o this_o charter_n tie_v up_o his_o own_o iâ—â—and_n unless_o iâ—_n the_o three_o case_n here_o particular_o reserve_v 2._o that_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o other_o member_n to_o be_v summon_v to_o thâ—â—_n council_n but_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o great_a baron_n bâ—_n particular_a writ_n and_o all_o the_o other_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o one_o general_a summons_n by_o the_o sheriff_n so_o that_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o greaâ—_n council_n before_o this_o time_n only_o consist_v of_o such_o earl_n greaâ—_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 211._o as_o the_o king_n by_o special_a write_v waâ—_n please_v to_o summon_v and_o this_o new_a way_n bring_v in_o a_o greateâ—_n number_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o ever_o have_v appear_v before_o so_o that_o if_o iâ—_n shall_v be_v true_a which_o you_o assert_v that_o this_o charter_n be_v no_o new_a grant_n to_o the_o people_n of_o england_n but_o a_o confirmation_n of_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o liberty_n it_o muâ—â—_n then_o necessary_o follow_v that_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la call_v sometimes_o barones_n minores_fw-la be_v then_o the_o only_a representative_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o that_o the_o inferior_a tenant_n consent_n be_v include_v in_o tâ—â—_n assent_v of_o his_o immediate_a superior_a lord_n p._n who_o presence_n be_v râ—â—quired_v in_o those_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n need_v not_o think_v be_v doubt_v and_o i_o can_v give_v you_o if_o need_v be_v several_a authority_n to_o prove_v it_o but_o pray_v observe_v further_a that_o here_o be_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o in_o this_o charter_n of_o any_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n to_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o great_a council_n unless_o you_o will_v have_v they_o include_v under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o all_o other_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o then_o none_o but_o such_o city_n and_o town_n who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la can_v pretend_v to_o send_v any_o member_n much_o less_o be_v there_o any_o mention_n of_o any_o knight_n to_o be_v choose_v for_o county_n which_o certain_o will_v have_v be_v particular_o provide_v for_o by_o this_o charter_n have_v they_o then_o have_v any_o place_n in_o this_o assembly_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o otherwise_o represent_v than_o by_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o rest_n of_o king_n john_n and_o most_o part_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o reign_n for_o aught_o i_o can_v yet_o discern_v for_o though_o this_o charter_n be_v confirm_v in_o the_o second_o and_o nine_o year_n of_o
that_o king_n last_o mention_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la 〈◊〉_d regni_fw-la yet_o there_o be_v likewise_o no_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o knight_n and_o citizen_n 〈◊〉_d burgess_n f._n before_o i_o answer_v this_o main_a argument_n of_o you_o which_o i_o free_o grant_v carry_v the_o great_a show_n of_o probability_n of_o any_o you_o have_v yet_o bring_v give_v i_o â—â—â—ve_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o think_v you_o be_v very_o much_o out_o in_o your_o first_o conclusion_n that_o before_o this_o charter_n the_o king_n exercise_v a_o royal_a prerogative_n of_o impose_v tax_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o parliament_n for_o if_o you_o mean_v that_o this_o exaction_n be_v exercise_v de_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o you_o will_v make_v it_o a_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n i_o grant_v this_o be_v true_a not_o only_o before_o but_o after_o this_o charter_n before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v but_o if_o you_o mean_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la i_o affirm_v that_o our_o king_n be_v as_o much_o tie_v up_o by_o the_o 55th_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o which_o you_o have_v already_o cite_v from_o levy_v any_o unjust_a tax_n or_o exaction_n 〈◊〉_d communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o they_o can_v be_v afterward_o by_o any_o other_o subsequent_a law_n that_o can_v be_v make_v but_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o answer_v the_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v from_o this_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n to_o prove_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n but_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o charter_n of_o henry_n iii_o and_o confirmation_n of_o edward_n i._o be_v the_o same_o with_o this_o in_o the_o most_o material_a part_n yet_o there_o be_v several_a clause_n of_o which_o this_o clause_n in_o question_n be_v one_o which_o be_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n and_o yet_o be_v total_o omit_v out_o of_o both_o those_o of_o henry_n iii_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o hereafter_o so_o that_o let_v â—â—e_z sense_n of_o this_o place_n be_v what_o it_o will_v i_o defy_v you_o to_o show_v i_o any_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v ever_o summon_v according_a to_o this_o imaginary_a model_n of_o you_o and_o that_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v without_o book_n that_o parliament_n or_o council_n of_o 9_o henry_n the_o three_o when_o but_o 11_o year_n after_o king_n john_n charter_n be_v conâ—â—â—med_v mâ—t._n paris_n as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v tell_v we_o it_o consist_v of_o cleâ—â—_n &_o populus_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la but_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o read_v this_o clause_n according_a as_o your_o dr._n himself_o have_v print_v and_o transcribe_v it_o and_o as_o yourself_o have_v now_o read_v it_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v appear_v plain_a enough_o that_o the_o clause_n you_o insist_v on_o in_o this_o charâ—â—r_n do_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o only_o to_o observe_v that_o by_o the_o 15_o and_o 16_o clause_n of_o this_o charter_n you_o have_v now_o read_v both_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o all_o other_o city_n barâ—â—ghs_n and_o town_n have_v a_o right_a to_o have_v a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assessment_n of_o aid_n otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o three_o case_n there_o expect_v and_o â—ay_v take_v the_o dr_n paraphrase_n to_o this_o clause_n along_o with_o you_o in_o his_o appendix_n to_o his_o complete_a history_n of_o england_n viz._n that_o they_o viz._n the_o citizen_n burgess_n â—_o and_o cinque_fw-fr port_n shall_v send_v their_o representative_n or_o commissioner_n to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assessment_n of_o aid_n so_o that_o according_a to_o his_o concession_n there_o must_v have_v be_v citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o the_o great_a council_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o tell_v i_o whether_o those_o gentleman_n be_v commoner_n or_o not_o but_o i_o will_v not_o insist_v too_o much_o upon_o his_o concession_n for_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o plain_a from_o the_o word_n themselves_o which_o point_n out_o a_o distinction_n between_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n mention_v in_o the_o first_o clause_n which_o be_v to_o meet_v to_o grant_v or_o assess_v aid_n or_o subsidy_n and_o that_o other_o though_o not_o common_a council_n or_o assembly_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o by_o the_o 17_o the_o and_o 18_o the_o clause_n of_o that_o charter_n be_v to_o meet_v to_o assess_v escuage_z and_o to_o do_v such_o other_o business_n as_o be_v express_v in_o their_o summons_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o this_o assembly_n mention_v in_o this_o charter_n for_o assess_v escuage_z be_v a_o distinct_a council_n from_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o the_o grant_n of_o other_o tax_n call_v auxilia_fw-la and_o for_o the_o make_n of_o law_n m._n i_o confess_v this_o gloss_n of_o you_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n very_o plausible_a and_o agreeable_a enough_o to_o the_o way_n of_o read_v and_o point_v with_o which_o the_o dr._n himself_o publish_v this_o charter_n but_o for_o all_o that_o i_o much_o doubt_v whether_o you_o be_v in_o the_o right_n or_o not_o therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o put_v off_o this_o debate_n till_o our_o nâ—â—t_a meeting_n since_o it_o now_o grow_v late_a and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o i_o will_v take_v time_n to_o consider_v the_o argument_n and_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o f._n pray_v take_v your_o own_o time_n but_o do_v not_o defer_v it_o above_o a_o day_n or_o two_o for_o i_o have_v a_o great_a mind_n to_o have_v this_o question_v dispatch_v off_o our_o hand_n i_o be_o your_o 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complete_a set_v bind_v the_o tragedy_n of_o the_o last_o age_n consider_v and_o examine_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o by_o the_o common_a sense_n of_o all_o age_n in_o a_o letter_n to_o fleetwood_n shepherd_n edq_n a_o short_a view_n of_o tragedy_n its_o original_a excellency_n and_o corruption_n with_o some_o reflection_n on_o shakespeare_n and_o other_o practitioner_n for_o the_o stage_n both_o by_o mr._n rymer_n servant_n to_o their_o majesty_n bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n whether_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n represent_v by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o or_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n the_o second_o part._n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o seven_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o 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accepit_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o common_a council_n be_v this_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o anselm_n refer_v himself_o to_o be_v it_o not_o ex_fw-la more_o by_o custom_n you_o can_v find_v in_o eadmer_n any_o summons_n to_o it_o neither_o rex_fw-la asâ—ivit_fw-la nor_o praecepâ—o_o regis_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la nor_o rex_fw-la sanctione_n suâ_fw-la adunavit_fw-la in_o short_a not_o to_o multiply_v example_n look_v where_o you_o will_v in_o eadmerus_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_a historian_n you_o have_v cite_v and_o you_o will_v still_o find_v that_o the_o person_n who_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it and_o without_o any_o summons_n be_v the_o same_o who_o assemble_v by_o the_o king_n summons_n at_o other_o time_n that_o be_v the_o principes_fw-la and_o episcoâ—i_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o terrae_fw-la or_o call_v more_o general_o priâ—ates_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la or_o the_o barones_n or_o majores_fw-la 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hold_v whole_o by_o socage_n tenure_n whereas_o it_o appear_v plain_o by_o littleton_n that_o tenant_n in_o petyt_n serjeanty_n be_v subject_a to_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v that_o near_o half_a the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v hold_v by_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o who_o not_o a_o three_o part_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o will_v then_o likewise_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o tenant_n those_o abbot_n prior_n dean_n and_o chapter_n who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o must_v have_v have_v and_o who_o either_o hold_v estate_n in_o fee_n or_o else_o for_o life_n under_o they_o in_o socage_n as_o well_o as_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o all_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o tenor_n i_o have_v already_o mention_v which_o either_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o some_o honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o other_o 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of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o it_o then_o be_v and_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o common_a council_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o argue_v of_o any_o unreasonableness_n in_o or_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o such_o a_o constitution_n though_o perhaps_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la nor_o yet_o by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v upon_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o service_n acquit_v of_o all_o other_o charge_n yet_o this_o be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o ordinary_a service_n as_o those_o tenant_n be_v to_o perform_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o tenor_n such_o as_o be_v scutage_n service_n or_o the_o attend_v upon_o their_o lord_n when_o they_o go_v out_o to_o war_n along_o with_o the_o king_n but_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o such_o scutage_n as_o be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n or_o as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o then_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n too_o of_o such_o scutage_n tax_n from_o their_o military_a tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o those_o for_o scutage_n service_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v peruâ—e_v that_o writ_n which_o the_o dr._n quote_v of_o the_o 19_o of_o hen._n iii_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o that_o year_n dorso_fw-la rex_fw-la vice_n comiti_fw-la sussex_n salutem_fw-la scias_n quod_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priâ—reâ—_n comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la spontanea_fw-la voluâ—â—â—te_fw-la suâ—_n &_o sine_fw-la conâ—uetudine_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la efficax_n auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la magna_fw-la negotia_fw-la nostra_fw-la expedienda_fw-la unde_fw-la provisum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d de_fw-la consilâ—o_fw-la illorum_fw-la quod_fw-la habeamus_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n quae_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la gapite_fw-la duâ—s_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o unde_fw-la proviâ—erint_fw-la reddere_fw-la nobis_fw-la unam_fw-la medietatem_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la micâ—aelis_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 19_o &_o aliam_fw-la medictatem_fw-la ad_fw-la pasche_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la â—osirâ—_n 20._o ideo_fw-la tibi_fw-la precipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la capite_fw-la ad_fw-la mandatum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la patris_fw-la r._n cicestren_a episcopi_fw-la cancellarii_n nostri_fw-la sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la distringas_fw-la omnes_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberos_fw-la tenentes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenent_n per_fw-la servitium_n militare_fw-la in_o balliva_fw-la tua_fw-la ad_fw-la redlendum_fw-la ei_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la feotis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n dvas_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la per_fw-la manum_fw-la svam_fw-la reddendum_fw-la in_o terminis_fw-la predictis_fw-la sic_fw-la scribitur_fw-la pro_fw-la aliis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o tell_v i_o whether_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o that_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v wherein_o it_o be_v first_o especial_o provide_v that_o no_o aid_n or_o scutage_n shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n thereof_o and_o yet_o you_o see_v by_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o archbishop_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o baron_n there_o mention_v together_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o grant_v a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n tax_v of_o two_o mark_n for_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o not_o only_o those_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v in_o their_o hand_n but_o also_o all_o those_o subseudatary_a tenant_n call_v here_o freeholder_n who_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n be_v likewise_o charge_v for_o every_o knight_n fee_n so_o hold_v the_o like_a sum_n of_o two_o mark_n now_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a from_o this_o record_n than_o that_o this_o be_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o yet_o consist_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o some_o better_a proof_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n different_a from_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n f._n i_o grant_v this_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o be_v a_o good_a authority_n for_o
you_o but_o i_o doubt_v not_o for_o all_o that_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o make_v whole_o against_o you_o and_o will_v together_o with_o those_o proof_n i_o shall_v urge_v make_v out_o this_o difference_n between_o the_o two_o sort_n of_o council_n i_o have_v already_o assert_v and_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o understand_v the_o word_n de_fw-fr consilio_fw-la illorum_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o record_n to_o refer_v to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n it_o not_o be_v here_o say_v to_o be_v grant_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o then_o there_o can_v no_o more_o be_v prove_v from_o this_o record_n than_o that_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la take_v upon_o themselves_o a_o unusual_a power_n sine_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la as_o the_o writ_n here_o mention_n in_o those_o time_n to_o charge_v not_o only_a themselves_o but_o their_o under-tenant_n also_o and_o that_o even_o this_o be_v a_o encroachment_n appear_v by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr â—â—lagio_fw-it non_fw-it conâ—edendo_fw-la make_v 25_o of_o ed._n 1._o whereby_o it_o be_v express_o forbid_v that_o any_o talliage_n or_o subsidy_n shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n sine_fw-la volunâ—aâ—e_n &_o â—ssenâ—â—_n archiepiscorum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la militum_fw-la burgensium_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la liberorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la now_o pray_v read_v my_o lord_n cook_n reason_n in_o his_o 2d_o 532._o inst._n why_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v the_o second_o cause_o say_v he_o be_v that_o the_o king_n the_o year_n before_o have_v take_v a_o talliage_n of_o all_o city_n and_o burrough_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n whereupon_o arise_v a_o great_a murmur_a and_o discontent_a among_o the_o commons_o for_o pacify_v which_o discord_n between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o noble_n and_o for_o the_o quiet_v of_o the_o commons_o and_o for_o a_o perpetual_a and_o constant_a law_n for_o ever_o after_o both_o in_o this_o and_o other-like_a case_n this_o act_n be_v make_v etc._n etc._n be_v no_o other_o than_o as_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o comment_n on_o this_o statute_n then_o a_o restitution_n general_a to_o the_o subject_n of_o all_o their_o law_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n as_o free_o and_o whole_o as_o at_o any_o time_n before_o in_o better_a and_o full_a manner_n than_o they_o use_v to_o have_v the_o same_o but_o yet_o that_o this_o be_v no_o general_a scutage_n or_o tax_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o only_o upon_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n appear_v by_o the_o writ_n itself_o so_o that_o not_o only_o all_o the_o person_n i_o have_v already_o mention_v who_o be_v tenant_n to_o monastery_n and_o priory_n do_v not_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o all_o tenant_n in_o petys_n sergeanty_n and_o all_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la who_o if_o they_o have_v not_o then_o representative_n in_o the_o great_a council_n be_v whole_o free_a from_o this_o tax_n and_o not_o only_o these_o but_o all_o tenant_n in_o fee_n socage_n whether_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n be_v whole_o exempt_a from_o this_o scutage_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o this_o assembly_n that_o give_v the_o king_n this_o tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n be_v a_o common_a council_n only_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la charge_v themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n only_o and_o not_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o that_o do_v in_o a_o case_n of_o great_a necessity_n sine_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la for_o if_o it_o have_v include_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o will_v certain_o have_v be_v some_o mention_n make_v how_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o do_v not_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n shall_v be_v tax_v and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o council_n consist_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o may_v appear_v by_o a_o record_n of_o the_o 42d_o of_o this_o king_n which_o i_o pray_v read_v rex_fw-la bar._n etc._n etc._n quia_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la com._n baronum_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la in_o walliâ_fw-la nuper_fw-la existentium_fw-la provisum_fw-la est_fw-la levand_n quod_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la qui_fw-la servitium_fw-la nobis_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la ibidem_fw-la habeamus_fw-la scutagium_fw-la nostrum_fw-la viz._n de_fw-fr scuto_fw-la 40_o sol._n pro_fw-la exercitu_fw-la nostro_fw-la wall_n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 41._o vobis_fw-la mandamus_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la quae_fw-la tenentur_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la wardia_n in_o manu_fw-la nostra_fw-la existentibus_fw-la exceptis_fw-la feod_n illorum_fw-la qui_fw-la brevia_fw-la nostra_fw-la habuerunt_fw-la de_fw-la scutag_n svo_fw-la babendo_fw-la lâ—vari_fw-la fac_fw-la scutag_n nostrum_fw-la from_o which_o record_n it_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v only_o a_o common_a council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o have_v attend_v on_o the_o king_n and_o do_v their_o service_n in_o this_o welsh_a expedition_n and_o concern_v none_o else_o but_o such_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o their_o tenant_n who_o have_v fail_v to_o do_v their_o service_n and_o be_v just_a such_o a_o tax_n as_o be_v express_o reserve_v by_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o you_o have_v before_o cite_v whereby_o scutage_n be_v to_o be_v assess_v by_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_o the_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v thus_o meet_v and_o hold_v distinct_a council_n or_o assembly_n for_o the_o grant_n of_o scutage_n but_o also_o that_o the_o spiritual_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v also_o sometime_o hold_v separate_a assembly_n appear_v by_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 15._o of_o this_o king_n thus_o cum_fw-la peteremus_fw-la à _fw-la praelatis_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la auxilium_fw-la facerent_fw-la 3._o pro_fw-la magnâ_fw-la necessitate_v nostrâ_fw-la de_fw-la quâ_fw-la cis_fw-la conflabat_fw-la viz._n epis._n abbatibus_fw-la abbatissis_fw-la prioribus_fw-la &_o priorissi_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la ipsi_fw-la nobis_fw-la liberaliter_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la auxilium_fw-la tale_n viz._n de_fw-fr singulis_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la suorum_fw-la 40â—_n de_fw-fr tos_fw-la feodis_fw-la de_fw-la quot_fw-la ipsi_fw-la tenentur_fw-la nobis_fw-la respondere_fw-la quando_fw-la nobis_fw-la faciunt_fw-la servitium_n militare_fw-la where_o you_o see_v not_o only_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n but_o the_o abbess_n and_o prioresses_n grant_v a_o scutage_n of_o 40_o â—_o upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n not_o which_o be_v hold_v of_o they_o but_o for_o which_o they_o be_v answerable_a to_o the_o king_n before_o and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v that_o these_o woman_n leave_v their_o nunnery_n and_o appear_v in_o person_n at_o such_o meeting_n yet_o they_o may_v very_o well_o do_v it_o by_o their_o oeconomy_n or_o steward_n as_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n for_o assembly_n of_o that_o nature_n but_o when_o a_o general_a tax_n or_o subsidy_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n the_o style_n of_o these_o council_n run_v much_o otherwise_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o four_o of_o this_o king_n where_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o record_n that_o omnes_fw-la magâ—ates_fw-la &_o fideles_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la grant_v de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la carucatâ_fw-la duos_fw-la solidas_fw-la 5._o now_o it_o hence_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v a_o grant_n of_o caruage_n which_o not_o be_v a_o scutage_n service_n nor_o yet_o a_o tax_n by_o way_n of_o scutage_n and_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n assess_v not_o only_o upon_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n but_o upon_o each_o ploughland_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n must_v have_v be_v grant_v as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v out_o of_o bracton_n speak_v of_o this_o caruage_n de_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la totiut_a regni_fw-la for_o otherwise_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v never_o have_v charge_v all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n of_o which_o not_o half_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o to_o make_v it_o yet_o plain_o by_o other_o record_n pray_v see_v another_o of_o the_o 16_o of_o this_o king_n in_o these_o word_n rex_fw-la vicecomiti_a devon_n salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episc._n abbates_n dorso_n priores_fw-la &_o clerici_fw-la tâ—ras_fw-la habentâ—s_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la svas_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o villani_n de_fw-fr regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o auxilium_fw-la quadragessmam_fw-la pariem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mâ—bilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a here_o who_o make_v the_o commune_fw-la
of_o honour_n fol._n 586_o 587._o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o baron_n and_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o assembly_n matt._n paris_n express_v more_o succinct_o by_o these_o word_n tota_fw-la nobilitus_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la collecta_fw-la quasi_fw-la sub_fw-la numero_fw-la non_fw-la cadebit_fw-la so_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v plain_a than_o that_o many_o other_o beside_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v at_o this_o great_a council_n m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n before_o i_o answer_v the_o main_a of_o your_o argument_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o i_o can_v allow_v this_o assembly_n at_o run_v mead_n to_o have_v be_v true_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n but_o rather_o a_o rebellious_a arm_a rout_n meet_v together_o without_o the_o king_n writ_n of_o summons_n and_o indeed_o whether_o he_o will_v or_o not_o and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o assert_v that_o any_o representative_n have_v vote_n therein_o nor_o can_v you_o show_v i_o that_o any_o knight_n citizen_n or_o burgess_n be_v summon_v to_o it_o f._n i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o that_o assembly_n be_v not_o proper_o a_o parliament_n i_o mean_v such_o as_o we_o have_v at_o this_o day_n as_o not_o be_v call_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n yet_o since_o almost_o all_o the_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v then_o in_o arm_n it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v reckon_v a_o common_a council_n or_o solemn_a convention_n of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n and_o that_o after_o the_o most_o ancient_a manner_n since_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v there_o present_a in_o parliament_n and_o that_o this_o council_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o parliament_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n appear_v by_o a_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o northamptonshire_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n in_o the_o 28_o of_o hen._n 3._o dorso_fw-la to_o this_o effect_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o permit_v any_o one_o in_o his_o bailiwick_n to_o use_v any_o liberty_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n unless_o they_o have_v former_o be_v use_v ad_fw-la tempus_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la de_fw-la run_v mead_n quod_fw-la fuit_fw-la inter_fw-la dominum_fw-la johannem_fw-la regem_fw-la patrem_fw-la nostrum_fw-la &_o barones_n suos_fw-la angliae_fw-la m._n i_o see_v that_o you_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o this_o assembly_n be_v no_o parliament_n in_o the_o sense_n we_o now_o take_v that_o word_n nor_o indeed_o can_v be_v any_o more_o than_o a_o rebellious_a rout_n there_o meet_v whether_o the_o king_n will_v or_o no_o and_o therefore_o the_o word_n parliament_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o this_o record_n in_o the_o sense_n we_o now_o take_v it_o since_o that_o word_n come_v not_o in_o use_n here_o instead_o of_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la 71._o &_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o colloquium_fw-la a_o conferrence_n until_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o henry_n iii_o reige_n and_o do_v no_o more_o point_n out_o the_o constituent_a member_n of_o it_o than_o that_o word_n do_v at_o that_o time_n and_o so_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o this_o record_n f._n i_o think_v i_o have_v very_o good_a reason_n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v to_o affirm_v that_o this_o be_v a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n accord_v to_o the_o mode_n of_o those_o time_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o call_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a he_o avoid_v call_v any_o because_o he_o utter_o refuse_v to_o grant_v this_o charter_n at_o all_o yet_o that_o be_v not_o material_a since_o they_o be_v a_o general_a and_o full_a assembly_n or_o convention_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n have_v a_o just_a right_a to_o meet_v and_o vindicate_v their_o liberty_n then_o outrageous_o oppress_v and_o tread_v under_o foot_n by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o own_v they_o as_o a_o lawful_a assembly_n paâ—is_n by_o send_v to_o they_o and_o appoint_v they_o to_o meet_v in_o run_v mead_n between_o staines_n and_o windsor_n on_o the_o 15_o the_o of_o june_n which_o our_o historian_n tell_v we_o they_o joyful_o obey_v so_o that_o he_o himself_o admit_v they_o to_o be_v a_o lawful_a assembly_n of_o estate_n and_o consequent_o for_o his_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o agreement_n now_o cite_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o much_o trouble_v myself_o 159._o whither_o this_o be_v proper_o the_o great_a council_n or_o not_o but_o however_o i_o can_v see_v how_o mr._n selden_n can_v make_v out_o that_o this_o charter_n be_v make_v by_o or_o to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n for_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o ground_n for_o it_o for_o if_o under_o the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la all_o the_o freeman_n or_o free-tenant_n of_o what_o condition_n soever_o be_v comprehend_v yet_o she_o be_v nothing_o in_o this_o record_n that_o any_o way_n prove_v that_o they_o have_v any_o hand_n in_o make_v this_o charter_n but_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la here_o be_v only_o those_o who_o the_o king_n call_v liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o his_o charter_n and_o immediate_o grant_v they_o several_a relaxation_n of_o their_o rigid_a feudal_n tenor_n by_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o yet_o neither_o be_v the_o charter_n make_v by_o they_o as_o be_v before_o intimate_v though_o i_o confess_v these_o be_v the_o freeman_n which_o make_v such_o a_o cry_n for_o their_o liberty_n most_o of_o which_o be_v but_o a_o abatement_n of_o the_o rigour_n 51._o and_o a_o relaxation_n of_o the_o feudal_n tenor_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n itself_o the_o rest_n be_v only_a follower_n and_o help_v to_o augment_v the_o noise_n they_o be_v no_o lawmaker_n as_o you_o imagine_v for_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o those_o man_n that_o have_v the_o force_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o their_o hand_n will_v permit_v man_n of_o so_o small_a reputation_n to_o share_v with_o they_o in_o law-making_a those_o that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n de_fw-mi facto_fw-la always_o do_v give_v law_n and_o tax_v the_o people_n f._n suppose_v this_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v it_o to_o be_v a_o lawful_a common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o think_v i_o may_v still_o affirm_v that_o this_o charter_n be_v make_v not_o only_o by_o the_o king_n but_o by_o the_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o certain_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o it_o by_o draw_v it_o up_o into_o form_n and_o by_o accept_v it_o from_o the_o king_n when_o past_a under_o his_o seal_n as_o true_o as_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_n of_o king_n hen._n iii_o and_o edw._n i._o be_v call_v statute_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v to_o you_o or_o as_o much_o as_o the_o petition_n of_o right_o grant_v by_o king_n charles_n i._o be_v a_o statute_n though_o past_a under_o no_o other_o form_n nor_o be_v the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o who_o king_n john_n grant_v this_o charter_n no_o other_o than_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o suppose_v since_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n ii_o this_o king_n father_n the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homo_fw-la be_v take_v in_o a_o much_o large_a sense_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n ordain_v by_o this_o king_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o hoveden_n history_n where_o after_o it_o be_v appoint_v what_o corcelet_n helmet_n and_o other_o arm_n every_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v find_v it_o immediate_o follow_v thus_o quicuncque_fw-la libre_fw-la laicus_fw-la habuerit_fw-la in_o catallo_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o redditu_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la 16._o marcarum_fw-la habeat_fw-la loricam_fw-la &_o cassidem_fw-la &_o clypeum_fw-la &_o lanceam_fw-la quicunque_fw-la libre_fw-la laicus_fw-la habuerit_fw-la in_o catello_n ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la 10._o marcarum_fw-la habeas_fw-la habergellum_fw-la &_o capelet_n ferri_n &_o lanceam_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la burgenses_n &_o tota_fw-la communia_fw-la liberorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la habeant_fw-la wambais_n &_o capelet_n fervi_fw-la &_o lanceam_fw-la where_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o every_o freeman_n who_o be_v worth_a in_o rent_n or_o good_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 16_o mark_n be_v to_o find_v as_o much_o arm_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o he_o that_o possess_v a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n and_o the_o mean_a townsman_n and_o the_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o freemen_n for_o so_o i_o translate_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d libeâ—orum_fw-la hominum_fw-la be_v to_o find_v a_o caplet_n or_o head_n piece_n of_o iron_n beside_o
other_o weapon_n and_o the_o second_o article_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n say_v express_o concessimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o omnibut_fw-la liberis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la regui_fw-la anglia_fw-it pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haeâ—elibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberate_v subscriptas_fw-la â—abeâ—das_fw-la &_o â—enandas_fw-la eye_v &_o haeredibus_fw-la â—uit_fw-la de_fw-fr nobia_n &_o hâ—rodibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la which_o the_o dr._n himself_o render_v thus_o we_o have_v also_o grant_v to_o all_o our_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n and_o sure_o then_o this_o charter_n can_v not_o be_v make_v to_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la unless_o you_o will_v suppose_v that_o none_o but_o they_o be_v freeman_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n slave_n nor_o be_v this_o charter_n only_o make_v to_o relax_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o feudal_n tenor_n as_o you_o suppose_v since_o there_o be_v divers_a other_o clause_n in_o it_o which_o concern_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeman_n and_o free_a holder_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o they_o for_o beside_o the_o first_o and_o second_o chapter_n of_o this_o charter_n which_o grant_v and_o confirm_v to_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n their_o right_n and_o liberty_n if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v it_o you_o will_v find_v that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o chapter_n in_o this_o charter_n which_o all_o other_o freeman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v thereby_o a_o interest_n in_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o 10_o 11_o 12_o 13._o 15_o 16._o 22_o 23_o 24_o 25._o and_o above_o 30_o other_o chapter_n or_o clause_n therein_o express_v which_o be_v grant_v not_o to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o but_o either_o to_o ecclesiastic_n or_o other_o lay_v freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o to_o prove_v this_o a_o little_a further_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o one_o or_o two_o instance_n out_o of_o this_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o that_o too_o in_o the_o drs._n own_o translation_n article_n 48._o no_o freman_n shall_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v or_o disseise_v of_o his_o free_a tenement_n or_o liberty_n or_o free_a custom_n or_o outlawed_n or_o banish_v or_o any_o way_n destroy_v nor_o will_v we_o pass_v upon_o he_o or_o commit_v he_o to_o prison_n unless_o by_o the_o legal_a judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n i._n e._n by_o legal_a process_n the_o other_o be_v the_o 49._o article_n of_o this_o charter_n that_o we_o will_v not_o sell_v to_o any_o man_n we_o will_v not_o deny_v any_o maâ—_n or_o delay_v right_o or_o justice_n now_o judge_v yourself_o whether_o these_o two_o article_n be_v make_v to_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o or_o to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o hence_o it_o also_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o same_o body_n of_o freeman_n to_o who_o this_o charter_n be_v make_v be_v likewise_o present_a and_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o make_n of_o it_o nor_o be_v vavasor_n or_o fendatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la person_n so_o inconsiderable_a as_o you_o will_v make_v they_o that_o they_o only_o shall_v come_v hither_o but_o as_o follower_n to_o augment_v the_o noise_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v from_o bracton_n that_o there_o be_v divers_a of_o they_o man_n of_o great_a estate_n and_o power_n in_o their_o country_n beside_o the_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o as_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n at_o all_o and_o yet_o make_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o tenant_n in_o petyâ—_n serjeanty_n and_o those_o that_o hold_v of_o great_a honour_n who_o can_v never_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v notwithstanding_o what_o you_o affirm_v to_o the_o contrary_a look_v upâ—_n on_o all_o these_o person_n for_o as_o good_a lawmaker_n as_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o they_o all_o since_o the_o main_a force_n of_o the_o nation_n do_v not_o lie_v in_o they_o but_o in_o their_o feudatary_a tenant_n who_o will_v never_o have_v follow_v their_o lord_n in_o this_o assembly_n if_o they_o have_v not_o look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o have_v as_o good_a a_o interest_n in_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n they_o demand_v as_o appear_v by_o this_o silvo_n of_o all_o their_o liberty_n as_o their_o lord_n themselves_o and_o also_o as_o good_a a_o right_a as_o they_o in_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o they_o when_o they_o be_v to_o be_v pass_v into_o a_o law_n as_o they_o be_v by_o this_o charter_n since_o these_o feudatary_a tenant_n be_v not_o at_o all_o oblige_v by_o their_o tenure_n to_o obey_v their_o lord_n summons_n at_o any_o other_o warlike_a expedition_n but_o where_o the_o king_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n go_v out_o in_o person_n m._n i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v that_o this_o can_v be_v no_o parliament_n for_o the_o reason_n already_o give_v and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o these_o charter_n be_v make_v to_o and_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o clergy_n earl_n baron_n and_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o this_o prove_v not_o that_o they_o have_v any_o vote_n or_o suffrage_n in_o make_v of_o they_o 167._o nor_o indeed_o can_v they_o for_o the_o great_a charter_n be_v only_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o people_n draw_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o charter_n and_o pass_v under_o the_o king_n seal_n as_o his_o mere_a voluntary_a free_a grant_n and_o concession_n without_o any_o vote_n or_o authority_n from_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o henry_n iii_o recite_v they_o to_o have_v be_v make_v of_o his_o mere_a grace_n and_o free_a will_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o preface_n to_o it_o but_o pray_v answer_v i_o a_o few_o plain_a question_n concern_v king_n john_n charter_n which_o if_o you_o can_v resolve_v i_o may_v be_v incline_v to_o believe_v there_o may_v be_v some_o other_o great_a council_n beside_o that_o of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o first_o be_v if_o this_o common_a council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v for_o assess_v of_o aid_n and_o escuage_z only_z as_o you_o suppose_v it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o last_o clâ—use_n of_o this_o charter_n why_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o meeting_n to_o be_v declare_v in_o every_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 170._o if_o they_o be_v only_o summon_v about_o aid_n and_o escuage_z or_o other_o ordinary_a business_n of_o course_n sure_o than_o the_o cause_n of_o summons_n need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v declare_v as_o it_o be_v here_o provide_v in_o omnibus_fw-la litâ—er_fw-la be_v submonitionis_fw-la causam_fw-la submonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la f._n i_o will_v give_v you_o a_o answer_n to_o this_o question_n immediate_o but_o before_o i_o do_v it_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o be_v much_o mistake_v in_o say_v that_o the_o great_a charter_n because_o they_o be_v the_o king_n free_a concession_n be_v therefore_o pass_v without_o any_o vote_n suffrage_n or_o authority_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v in_o our_o discourse_n concern_v the_o legis_fw-la â—â—tive_a power_n that_o the_o matter_n of_o those_o charter_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o affirmative_a of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n long_o before_o your_o conquest_n and_o that_o the_o people_n consent_n and_o suffrage_n be_v sufficient_o give_v in_o their_o draw_v they_o up_o and_o offer_v they_o to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v seal_v and_o accept_v they_o from_o he_o when_o he_o have_v do_v it_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o great_a charter_n be_v always_o call_v statute_n in_o our_o ancient_a record_n and_o aâ—â—s_n of_o parliament_n but_o to_o answer_v your_o question_n i_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n beside_o the_o ordinary_a business_n of_o their_o assessing_a escuage_z have_v often_o other_o affair_n of_o great_a moment_n to_o be_v transact_v with_o and_o communicate_v to_o his_o bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o which_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v such_o as_o give_v the_o king_n their_o advice_n as_o a_o great_a council_n concern_v divers_a weighty_a affair_n as_o in_o the_o business_n of_o sicily_n mention_v in_o the_o first_o record_n i_o have_v cite_v as_o also_o about_o undertake_v foreign_a war_n against_o france_n scotland_n wales_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o follow_v and_o assist_v he_o together_o with_o their_o under-tenant_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a tenor_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n
that_o they_o shall_v have_v timely_a notice_n that_o they_o may_v give_v their_o advice_n in_o it_o as_o also_o that_o they_o may_v either_o come_v or_o stay_v away_o according_a to_o the_o greatness_n or_o urgency_n of_o the_o occasion_n and_o may_v also_o give_v their_o under-tenant_n notice_n to_o provide_v themselves_o with_o horse_n and_o arm_n and_o all_o thing_n necessary_a in_o case_n a_o war_n shall_v be_v agree_v on_o which_o i_o think_v be_v sufficient_a reason_n for_o thus_o express_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o meeting_n in_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n m._n admit_v this_o be_v so_o which_o i_o shall_v yet_o take_v further_a time_n to_o consider_v of_o pray_v tell_v i_o in_o the_o next_o place_n if_o all_o your_o inferior_a baron_n vavasor_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n etc._n etc._n suppose_v they_o either_o to_o have_v appear_v in_o person_n or_o else_o as_o choose_v for_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o else_o as_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o be_v the_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n i_o pray_v tell_v i_o why_o there_o shall_v not_o have_v be_v the_o same_o care_n take_v that_o they_o may_v be_v also_o summon_v as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la certain_o they_o come_v not_o to_o they_o by_o instinct_n nor_o be_v it_o scarce_o probable_a that_o they_o will_v leave_v their_o country_n business_n to_o travel_v from_o one_o remote_a part_n of_o england_n to_o another_o to_o these_o great_a council_n which_o seldom_o continue_v above_o three_o or_o four_o day_n if_o they_o have_v have_v a_o right_a so_o to_o do_v f._n i_o shall_v answer_v you_o in_o few_o word_n because_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o necessary_a to_o express_v that_o clause_n you_o mention_v for_o they_o all_o since_o it_o be_v sufficient_a therein_o to_o follow_v the_o old_a course_n of_o summon_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o do_v which_o it_o have_v always_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o give_v sufficient_a notice_n by_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o their_o meeting_n whereas_o in_o this_o council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o there_o be_v by_o this_o charter_n some_o alteration_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o summon_v 68_o so_o there_o be_v also_o for_o express_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o meeting_n for_o whereas_o before_o that_o as_o the_o dr._n himself_o allow_v all_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v particular_a letter_n or_o writ_n of_o summons_n express_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o meeting_n they_o be_v for_o the_o future_a to_o be_v summon_v by_o general_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o particular_a clause_n reserve_v for_o their_o general_a summon_v which_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o in_o those_o writ_n that_o be_v issue_v for_o the_o summon_n there_a of_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o to_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v appear_v in_o case_n we_o have_v those_o writ_n to_o produce_v in_o which_o likewise_o there_o be_v ancient_o often_o express_v the_o particular_a cause_n of_o their_o meeting_n as_o there_o be_v for_o instance_n in_o those_o famous_a writ_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o 49._o hen._n iii_o 137._o which_o the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n m._n but_o i_o have_v still_o a_o great_a objection_n behind_o than_o either_o of_o the_o former_a you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o by_o the_o first_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o i_o have_v make_v use_n of_o all_o aid_n and_o escuage_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o littleton_n himself_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o tenor_n that_o escuage_z be_v always_o to_o be_v assess_v by_o parliament_n upon_o those_o that_o fail_v to_o do_v their_o service_n after_o the_o expedition_n be_v end_v now_o if_o this_o have_v not_o be_v a_o right_n inherent_a to_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_z assess_v it_o in_o king_n john_n time_n how_o come_v they_o to_o lose_v that_o privilege_n and_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o parliament_n to_o get_v it_o if_o the_o former_a have_v not_o be_v the_o only_a great_a council_n at_o the_o first_o f._n i_o hope_v to_o give_v you_o as_o satisfactory_a a_o answer_n to_o this_o as_o i_o have_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o demand_n this_o alteration_n may_v have_v fall_v out_o two_o way_n either_o according_a to_o camden_n old_a manuscript_n author_n cite_v in_o his_o introduction_n to_o his_o britania_n 122._o the_o sum_n of_o which_o be_v that_o when_o king_n henry_n iii_o after_o his_o great_a war_n with_o sim._n momford_n and_o the_o baron_n have_v ruin_v many_o of_o they_o he_o out_o of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n which_o be_v before_o seditious_a and_o turbulent_a call_v the_o best_a and_o chief_a of_o they_o only_o by_o writ_n to_o parliament_n who_o after_o that_o time_n become_v baron_n by_o writ_n and_o not_o by_o tenure_n as_o they_o be_v before_o and_o as_o for_o the_o lâ—sser_a sort_n of_o they_o call_v â—â—ones_fw-la minores_fw-la they_o may_v be_v whole_o resolve_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o â—reeholders_n and_o the_o king_n be_v fearful_a of_o any_o far_a increase_n of_o power_n in_o these_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v no_o more_o desire_v their_o company_n at_o the_o usual_a feast_n of_o the_o year_n whither_o before_o they_o use_v to_o come_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it and_o so_o their_o power_n fall_v of_o course_n to_o the_o council_n or_o parliament_n of_o which_o before_z they_o only_o make_v a_o part_n or_o else_o it_o may_v happen_v from_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_z who_o grow_v weary_a of_o their_o attendance_n may_v neglect_v to_o come_v to_o those_o council_n because_o of_o the_o great_a trouble_n and_o charge_n of_o those_o journey_n and_o the_o king_n be_v as_o willing_a to_o dispense_v with_o their_o presence_n this_o court_n be_v lose_v by_o non-usage_n and_o so_o the_o judicial_a part_n of_o it_o remain_v in_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n and_o that_o of_o assess_v escuage_z and_o advise_v and_o give_v aid_n in_o matter_n of_o war_n fall_v whole_o to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o which_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o their_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v elect_v knight_n of_o shire_n soon_o become_v the_o principal_a member_n but_o admit_v i_o shall_v take_v this_o council_n for_o assess_v escuage_n for_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o one_o or_o two_o question_n likewise_o in_o my_o turn_n pray_v tell_v i_o therefore_o if_o this_o council_n have_v be_v such_o as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v there_o a_o full_a stop_n in_o all_o the_o old_a copy_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o clause_n &_o ad_fw-la babendum_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la legâ—l_fw-la de_fw-la scutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliâ—er_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praelictis_fw-la and_o why_o â—ould_v the_o next_o clause_n begin_v with_o &_o de_fw-fr scutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la submoneri_fw-la faciâ—â—us_fw-la 〈◊〉_d if_o they_o have_v be_v both_o one_o and_o the_o same_o council_n since_o it_o have_v be_v easy_a to_o put_v it_o all_o under_o one_o clause_n if_o the_o matter_n therâ—_n treat_v of_o have_v be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o next_o place_n pray_v tell_v i_o if_o this_o be_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o parliament_n as_o it_o be_v now_o call_v why_o be_v there_o no_o other_o right_n or_o privilege_n reserve_v to_o this_o council_n but_o this_o of_o assese_a escuage_z be_v not_o the_o power_n of_o grant_v other_o tax_n which_o can_v not_o be_v include_v under_o the_o word_n escuage_n and_o also_o of_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o law_n thing_n of_o as_o great_a say_v great_a moment_n than_o this_o of_o assess_v escuage_z m._n i_o shall_v give_v you_o as_o short_a and_o satisfactory_a a_o answer_n as_o i_o can_v to_o those_o query_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o both_o the_o clause_n you_o mention_n may_v have_v be_v contract_v into_o one_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v read_v without_o any_o full_a stop_n between_o they_o as_o sir_n h._n spellman_n in_o his_o glossary_a suppose_n they_o to_o be_v but_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o purpose_n must_v these_o therefore_o be_v two_o distinct_a council_n because_o the_o charter_n itself_o word_v they_o a_o little_a more_o loose_o than_o it_o need_v to_o have_v do_v and_o as_o for_o your_o next_o query_n there_o be_v no_o
need_n of_o insert_v any_o clause_n to_o this_o charter_n of_o reserve_v or_o confer_v any_o power_n to_o this_o common_a council_n of_o grant_v tax_n and_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o law_n because_o they_o be_v thing_n which_o at_o that_o time_n they_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o complain_v of_o since_o we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o king_n john_n as_o arbitrary_a as_o he_o be_v ever_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o make_v any_o new_a law_n without_o their_o consent_n and_o beside_o it_o be_v implicit_o reserve_v to_o they_o by_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o this_o charter_n viz._n save_v to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o all_o other_o etc._n etc._n the_o liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n which_o they_o have_v before_o so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o any_o other_o clause_n than_o this_o because_o it_o have_v be_v not_o only_o the_o custom_n but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o king_n to_o lay_v tax_n and_o assess_v escuage_z upon_o the_o nation_n without_o the_o consent_n or_o assistance_n of_o this_o great_a council_n which_o grow_v now_o so_o great_a a_o grievance_n that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v content_v until_o the_o king_n by_o this_o charter_n have_v renounce_v it_o f._n i_o shall_v not_o now_o trouble_v myself_o or_o you_o to_o confute_v this_o mistake_n of_o you_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n can_v legal_o raise_v tax_n upon_o all_o their_o subject_n without_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a council_n or_o that_o they_o ever_o exercise_v such_o a_o prerogative_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o violent_a reign_n of_o the_o two_o williams_n and_o then_o if_o it_o be_v ever_o do_v it_o be_v only_o upon_o their_o english_a and_o not_o their_o norman_a subject_n the_o latter_a be_v exempt_a from_o it_o by_o the_o very_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n william_n i._o by_o your_o own_o confession_n nor_o will_v they_o i_o believe_v have_v bear_v it_o at_o his_o hand_n but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o particular_o of_o this_o another_o time_n only_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o this_o one_o question_n if_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n have_v be_v intend_v as_o a_o constant_a stand_a rule_n or_o form_n not_o only_o for_o this_o but_o all_o succeed_a common_a council_n or_o parliament_n what_o can_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o this_o clause_n you_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o of_o summon_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v omit_v in_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o hen._n iii_o grant_v in_o the_o 2d_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o but_o three_o year_n after_o the_o 17._o of_o king_n john_n when_o these_o charter_n be_v first_o grant_v as_o also_o when_o it_o be_v again_o confirm_v in_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen._n iii_o for_o can_v any_o one_o of_o sense_n imagine_v that_o so_o material_a a_o clause_n as_o this_o and_o so_o express_v for_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o sole_a representative_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n can_v have_v be_v omit_v have_v they_o alone_o in_o those_o time_n constitute_v the_o common_a great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pâ—sâ—_n that_o in_o all_o the_o record_n of_o hen._n iii_o reign_n wherein_o this_o charter_n be_v mention_v it_o be_v always_o recite_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la nostra_fw-la viz._n his_o own_o charter_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o father_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a to_o receive_v a_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o this_o question_n from_o yourself_o or_o any_o other_o intelligent_a person_n m._n i_o hope_v i_o may_v give_v you_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o this_o scruple_n which_o i_o think_v may_v be_v thus_o satisfy_v i_o conceive_v that_o the_o first_o great_a charter_n we_o have_v which_o be_v commoly_a attribute_v to_o henry_n iii_o and_o style_v his_o charter_n in_o our_o statute-book_n be_v proper_o the_o charter_n of_o edw._n i._n or_o perhaps_o rather_o his_o explication_n or_o enlargement_n of_o those_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n iii_o for_o we_o find_v not_o the_o great_a charter_n either_o of_o that_o or_o king_n john_n in_o any_o of_o the_o roll_n until_o the_o 25_o of_o edw._n i._n and_o he_o have_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o confirm_v this_o charter_n than_o henry_n iii_o have_v now_o in_o this_o charter_n then_o confirm_v there_o be_v no_o provision_n make_v for_o any_o summons_n to_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o the_o reason_n may_v well_o be_v because_o the_o constitution_n of_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v late_o change_v from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o king_n john_n time_n and_o till_o the_o 49._o of_o henry_n iii_o nor_o perhaps_o be_v it_o so_o fix_a and_o peremptory_o resolve_v on_o at_o this_o time_n what_o it_o shall_v exact_o be_v for_o the_o future_a as_o to_o have_v it_o make_v a_o article_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o to_o this_o conjecture_n the_o frequent_a variation_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n in_o those_o time_n do_v give_v a_o probable_a confirmation_n f._n i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o this_o supposition_n of_o you_o for_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v altogether_o vain_a and_o ground_v upon_o no_o good_a authority_n either_o from_o history_n or_o record_n but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o before_o i_o have_v do_v that_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o we_o have_v still_o upon_o record_n by_o inspeximus_fw-la of_o edw._n i_o be_v the_o very_a same_o word_n for_o word_n in_o all_o the_o material_a part_n of_o it_o with_o that_o of_o hen._n iii_o both_o of_o the_o 2d_o and_o 9th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n at_o all_o make_v as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o a_o summon_v or_o choose_v member_n of_o parliament_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n to_o the_o very_a end_n of_o it_o nor_o yet_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n i._n as_o you_o suppose_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o be_v displease_v to_o see_v that_o prove_v though_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o show_v you_o the_o contrary_n but_o before_o we_o proceed_v to_o that_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v that_o there_o ever_o be_v ancient_o two_o council_n one_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o methinks_v not_o only_a yourself_o but_o mr._n petyt_n and_o mr._n atwood_n his_o second_o have_v fall_v very_o short_a of_o their_o proof_n they_o have_v bring_v in_o this_o point_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o drs._n whole_a answer_n to_o they_o in_o which_o in_o my_o opinion_n he_o have_v obtain_v a_o clear_a victory_n therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o some_o better_a proof_n of_o this_o distinction_n if_o you_o have_v any_o f._n i_o do_v not_o imagine_v i_o shall_v have_v need_v to_o have_v speak_v any_o further_a upon_o that_o head_n yet_o since_o you_o now_o require_v it_o i_o shall_v obey_v your_o command_n since_o therefore_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o time_n before_o your_o conquest_n be_v obscure_a and_o the_o authority_n uncertain_a i_o will_v give_v you_o a_o short_a history_n of_o these_o council_n begin_v with_o king_n william_n i_o and_o so_o go_v down_o as_o low_a as_o henry_n iii_o so_o fâ—r_v then_o we_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it at_o the_o great_a feast_n of_o the_o year_n and_o that_o they_o also_o grant_v the_o king_n aid_n or_o subsidy_n to_o be_v levy_v upon_o themselves_o alone_o as_o i_o grant_v appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o 19_o of_o henry_n iii_o which_o you_o have_v but_o now_o cite_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o sussex_n but_o that_o this_o council_n which_o be_v thus_o hold_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it be_v also_o often_o summon_v to_o meet_v at_o other_o time_n when_o the_o king_n occasion_n require_v it_o dorso_fw-la it_o also_o as_o 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whole_a kingdom_n consist_v of_o earldom_n and_o barony_n who_o meet_v according_a to_o custom_n at_o the_o king_n court_n and_o hence_o
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amiss_o to_o repeat_v again_o rex_fw-la henricut_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_fw-la termis_fw-la â—â—â—iam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westmon_n praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la which_o word_n as_o i_o have_v already_o urge_v must_v comprehend_v some_o other_o person_n than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_z otherwise_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v often_o hold_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n and_o be_v by_o way_n of_o excellency_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n as_o we_o at_o this_o day_n call_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n and_o curia_n and_o court_n differ_v no_o more_o than_o a_o latin_a name_n from_o a_o english_a which_o be_v likewise_o very_a well_o confirm_v and_o explain_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o walter_n of_o 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pray_v give_v i_o if_o you_o can_v some_o clear_a and_o late_a proof_n for_o this_o difference_n between_o the_o two_o council_n f._n i_o shall_v comply_v with_o your_o desire_n and_o in_o order_n to_o it_o shall_v conclude_v with_o two_o or_o three_o of_o those_o very_a authority_n the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n where_o he_o give_v we_o this_o passage_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n in_o the_o 2â—â—th_n of_o hen._n 3._o which_o plain_o prove_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o common_a university_n 1244_o or_o sole_a rep._n esentative_a of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n â—_o pray_v read_v it_o eâ—â—â—_n in_o anno_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la regis_fw-la summonitione_fw-la convocati_fw-la londinum_n magnates_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la arciâ—pisâ—ori_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n in_o quo_fw-la concilio_n portis_fw-la rex_fw-la oâ—e_fw-la proprio_fw-la in_o presentia_fw-la magnatum_fw-la i._n e._n of_o all_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v in_o refectorio_fw-la westmonasteriensi_fw-la axilium_fw-la sieri_fw-la pecuniare_fw-la cui_fw-la fuit_fw-la responsum_fw-la quâ—d_fw-la super_fw-la â—oc_fw-la tractarent_fw-la â—recedentesque_fw-la magnates_fw-la de_fw-fr râ—fectorio_n convenerunt_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la â—â—_o episcopi_fw-la abbates_n &_o priores_fw-la seorsim_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la superque_fw-la hoc_fw-la diligenter_fw-la tractaturi_fw-la â—andâ—m_fw-la requisiti_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la eorum_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n si_fw-la vellent_fw-la illis_fw-la unanimiter_fw-la conâ—entire_fw-la in_o responsione_n &_o previsione_n super_fw-la hiâ—_n facienda_fw-la qui_fw-la responderunt_fw-la scâ—licet_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n quod_fw-la sine_fw-la communi_fw-la universitate_fw-la nihil_fw-la facerent_fw-la ture_fw-fr de_fw-fr communi_fw-la dissâ—nsu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parie_fw-la cleri_fw-la electus_n cant._n etc._n etc._n now_o i_o think_v here_o be_v as_o manifest_v a_o distinction_n as_o need_v to_o be_v between_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o 208._o as_o member_n
of_o the_o great_a council_n and_o the_o common_a university_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o it_o be_v obvious_a that_o when_o all_o the_o lay_v lord_n earl_n and_o baron_n to_o who_o you_o may_v also_o add_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o you_o please_v be_v meet_v together_o be_v ask_v by_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n then_o present_a whether_o they_o will_v agree_v with_o they_o or_o not_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n answer_v for_o themselves_o that_o they_o will_v do_v nothing_o without_o the_o common_a university_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v only_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o be_v now_o all_o here_o and_o refer_v themselves_o to_o another_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n different_z from_o themselves_o who_o be_v not_o there_o present_a as_o also_o from_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o demand_v there_o consent_n to_o what_o they_o have_v agree_v upon_o now_o 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do_v nothing_o without_o their_o consent_n till_o it_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o but_o that_o they_o do_v afterward_o all_o agree_v pray_v read_v the_o rest_n of_o this_o narration_n and_o it_o will_v make_v it_o clear_a enough_o that_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v also_o agree_v with_o the_o lord_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v in_o mat._n paris_n be_v these_o tunc_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la cleri_fw-la blectus_fw-la cantuariensis_n wintoniensis_fw-la lincolniensis_fw-la &_o wigoriensis_fw-la episcopi_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la laicorum_fw-la richardus_fw-la comes_fw-la frater_fw-la domini_fw-la regâ—â—_n come_v bigod_n come_v legr_n s._n de_fw-fr monteforti_fw-la &_o come_v maresâ—ballus_n ex_fw-la parte_fw-la vero_fw-la baronum_fw-la richardus_fw-la de_fw-la montfiâ—hes_n &_o johannes_n de_fw-fr balliol_n &_o de_fw-fr sancto_n edmundo_n &_o rameseit_v abbate_n ut_fw-la quod_fw-la isli_fw-la duodecim_fw-la providerâ—nt_fw-la in_o communi_fw-la recitaretur_fw-la nec_fw-la aliqua_fw-la forma_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la ostenderetur_fw-la authoritate_fw-la duodecim_fw-la nisi_fw-la omnium_fw-la communis_fw-la assensus_fw-la interveniret_fw-la from_o which_o last_o passage_n it_o appear_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o in_o this_o parliament_n the_o several_a order_n of_o man_n that_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o it_o be_v only_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o that_o all_o these_o put_v together_o be_v term_v the_o common_a university_n which_o be_v more_o comprehensive_a than_o university_n simple_o take_v now_o if_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n represent_v have_v be_v there_o we_o must_v have_v have_v some_o mention_n of_o they_o one_o way_n or_o other_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o committee_n of_o the_o other_o order_n which_o make_v up_o the_o general_a committee_n of_o twelve_o so_o that_o 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sit_v with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n make_v this_o proposal_n therefore_o the_o lord_n may_v very_o well_o answer_v that_o till_o they_o have_v consult_v the_o common_a universty_a or_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la they_o can_v do_v nothing_o and_o though_o this_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v not_o then_o actual_o sit_v with_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o they_o make_v a_o distinct_a estate_n by_o themselves_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o then_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n etc._n etc._n who_o be_v here_o express_o say_v to_o have_v consult_v by_o themselves_o must_v have_v do_v so_o likewise_o therefore_o though_o our_o author_n be_v not_o so_o particular_a as_o he_o may_v have_v be_v yet_o certain_o this_o common_a university_n be_v thereupon_o consult_v and_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o choice_n of_o this_o committee_n of_o twelve_o who_o be_v to_o draw_v up_o their_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o word_n be_v tunc_fw-la ex_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o refer_v to_o the_o common_a university_n or_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o the_o lord_n excuse_v as_o well_o as_o the_o election_n of_o these_o person_n by_o the_o bishop_n earls_z etc._n etc._n have_v be_v very_o insignificant_a f._n this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o precarious_a assertion_n and_o without_o any_o due_a proof_n for_o though_o the_o word_n be_v tunc_fw-la ex_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o these_o word_n do_v refer_v to_o the_o common_a university_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o not_o for_o yourself_o confess_v that_o mat._n paris_n be_v short_a in_o this_o point_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o seem_v most_o likely_a to_o i_o by_o this_o material_a circumstance_n that_o not_o one_o person_n of_o the_o twelve_o but_o be_v either_o a_o bishop_n earl_n or_o great_a baron_n for_o that_o richard_n de_fw-fr monâ—sichet_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr baliot_n be_v so_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n have_v prove_v in_o his_o baronage_n of_o england_n 1._o whereas_o if_o the_o university_n or_o body_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v join_v in_o this_o election_n it_o be_v not_o likely_a but_o they_o will_v have_v choose_v some_o of_o their_o own_o body_n to_o represent_v they_o in_o this_o committee_n who_o be_v not_o earl_n or_o baron_n since_o yourself_o must_v confess_v that_o they_o then_o be_v a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n who_o be_v not_o lord_n nor_o do_v at_o this_o time_n sit_v or_o act_n joint_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a baron_n in_o this_o assembly_n and_o likewise_o it_o far_a seem_v high_o probable_a that_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la take_v it_o in_o your_o sense_n do_v not_o give_v any_o resolution_n in_o this_o matter_n since_o we_o do_v not_o find_v any_o money_n give_v in_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n request_n but_o only_a complaint_n of_o and_o order_n about_o redress_v of_o grievance_n which_o be_v in_o those_o day_n often_o do_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o now_o by_o some_o other_o record_n which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v make_v use_n of_o 197._o that_o there_o often_o be_v a_o distinct_a assembly_n or_o council_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o commons_o or_o commonalty_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 10._o the_o first_o record_n be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 42._o hen._n iii_o beginning_n thus_o rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la arduis_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o râ—gnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la contingentibus_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o fideles_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la london_n in_o quindena_fw-la paschae_fw-la proximae_fw-la praeterita_fw-la faceremus_fw-la convocari_fw-la &_o
cum_fw-la de_fw-la negoâ—iis_fw-la supra_fw-la dictis_fw-la &_o maxim_n the_o prosecutione_n negotii_fw-la siciliâ—e_fw-la diligenter_fw-la cum_fw-la iisdem_fw-la tractaremus_fw-la ac_fw-la ipsi_fw-la nobis_fw-la responderum_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la statum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la per_fw-la concilium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la ratificandum_fw-la duxerimus_fw-la &_o dominus_fw-la papa_n conditiones_n cirea_fw-la factum_fw-la siciliae_fw-la appositas_fw-la melioraverit_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la nigeâ—ium_fw-la illud_fw-la prosequi_fw-la possâ—mus_fw-la cum_fw-la effectu_fw-la ipsi_fw-la diligentiam_fw-la fideliter_fw-la apponent_fw-la erga_fw-la communitatem_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la commune_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la praestetur_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o rest_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o because_o it_o be_v not_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n but_o you_o may_v here_o see_v that_o take_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la and_o fideles_fw-la in_o your_o own_o sense_n the_o former_a for_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o latter_a for_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v call_v to_o consult_v about_o the_o business_n of_o sicily_n which_o kingdom_n the_o king_n have_v before_o too_o rash_o accept_v of_o from_o the_o pope_n yet_o though_o they_o be_v all_o meet_v they_o can_v do_v nothing_o but_o give_v he_o advice_n and_o can_v give_v he_o no_o commune_fw-la auxilium_fw-la i._n e._n common_a aid_n or_o subsidy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o what_o can_v this_o community_n signify_v but_o the_o commons_o for_o your_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v all_o meet_v already_o and_o if_o they_o alone_o make_v up_o the_o common_a university_n or_o body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o you_o suppose_v why_o can_v they_o not_o have_v immediate_o grant_v the_o king_n the_o assistance_n he_o desire_v if_o they_o have_v a_o sufficient_a power_n so_o to_o do_v without_o put_v he_o off_o with_o a_o promise_n that_o they_o will_v use_v their_o endeavour_n with_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o a_o distinct_a order_n or_o body_n of_o man_n that_o this_o aid_n or_o subsidy_n shall_v be_v give_v he_o and_o upon_o this_o condition_n it_o be_v that_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o record_n the_o king_n promise_v they_o that_o before_o christmas_n he_o will_v mend_v the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n per_fw-la consilium_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o fidelium_fw-la hominum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la which_o can_v mean_v nothing_o less_o than_o a_o parliament_n which_o the_o next_o record_n in_o the_o same_o roll_n recite_v be_v to_o meet_v at_o oxford_n after_o the_o feast_n of_o penâ—icost_n which_o record_v since_o it_o not_o only_o recite_v the_o king_n oath_n whereby_o he_o have_v bind_v himself_o to_o observe_v the_o direction_n of_o a_o committee_n of_o 24â—_n fideles_fw-la i_o e._n faithful_a or_o loyal_a man_n 12_o of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o king_n council_n and_o the_o other_o 12._o by_o the_o procoreâ—_n or_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v may_v take_v in_o the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n but_o whether_o by_o these_o wordâ—_n be_v mean_v the_o lord_n or_o commons_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o record_n sufficient_o confirm_v my_o argument_n from_o the_o precedent_a record_n that_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o then_o tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o their_o pleasure_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o commons_o or_o else_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o word_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o last_o record_n promiserunâ—_n etiam_fw-la nobis_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n memoraâ—i_n quod_fw-la expleris_fw-la negotiis_fw-la superius_fw-la tactic_a bonâ—_n fide_fw-la laboraâ—unt_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la communâ—_n praestâ—â—ur_fw-la à _fw-la communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o 2._o die_v maeii_fw-la and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o date_n as_o also_o by_o the_o entry_n on_o the_o roll_n that_o both_o these_o record_n be_v perfect_v at_o once_o and_o concern_v the_o same_o business_n and_o further_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o party_n appoint_v in_o the_o record_n to_o be_v choose_v ex_fw-la partâ—_n procerum_fw-la 6._o be_v not_o choose_v by_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o peer_n only_o may_v be_v see_v from_o a_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o same_o 42._o hen._n iii_o whereby_o henry_n de_fw-fr wengham_n dean_n of_o st._n martin_n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr and_o then_o keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o john_n manseâ—_n provost_n of_o beverlay_v be_v two_o of_o the_o say_a commissioner_n though_o they_o be_v neither_o baron_n nor_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o i_o know_v of_o hue_n only_o eminent_a lawyer_n 391._o and_o man_n of_o great_a ability_n and_o so_o mere_a commoner_n yet_o mat._n westminster_n call_v these_o man_n proceres_fw-la as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o this_o passage_n speak_v of_o this_o whole_a committee_n videntes_fw-la ergo_fw-la proceres_fw-la antedicti_fw-la viginti_fw-la quatuor_fw-la ad_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la regimen_fw-la 〈◊〉_d electi_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v only_o now_o conclude_v with_o a_o french_a record_n 199._o which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v also_o give_v we_o at_o large_a and_o which_o refer_v to_o the_o say_a committee_n of_o 24._o above_o mention_v it_o begin_v thus_o henry_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr etc._n etc._n a_o touz_v ceus_fw-la etc._n etc._n sachiez_fw-fr ce_fw-fr pour_fw-fr le_fw-fr profit_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr reâ—ume_fw-fr é_fw-fr a_fw-fr la_fw-fr request_n de_fw-fr nos_fw-la â—auz_fw-fr homes_n é_fw-fr prodes_fw-la homes_n é_fw-fr du_fw-fr commun_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr râ—aume_n otreyames_n es_fw-la vinc_fw-la quatre_fw-fr homes_n eusâ—ent_a pâ—â—r_n perqâ—_n tous_fw-fr ce_fw-fr quill_n ordencirent_fw-la del_fw-it estate_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr reaume_n fust_v serm_n é_fw-fr stable_a the_o rest_n be_v very_o long_o you_o may_v read_v at_o your_o leisure_n only_o i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o date_n of_o this_o letter_n to_o which_o the_o king_n also_o put_v to_o his_o seal_n the_o conclusion_n be_v thus_o coste_n choose_v feu_fw-fr feite_v a_o lundre_v landemaigne_a prochein_o apros_fw-la la_fw-fr gaul_n bauâ—â—l'an_fw-fr de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr corronement_n quarente_n secundo_fw-la ibid._n and_o though_o the_o dr._n caâ—_n make_v nothing_o of_o the_o word_n gaul_n baut_n this_o happen_v i_o suppose_v either_o from_o the_o bad_a write_n of_o the_o record_n or_o from_o the_o ignorance_n or_o mistake_n of_o the_o transcriber_n for_o it_o shall_v be_v gaeule_fw-fr d'_fw-fr aut_fw-la augusti_fw-la that_o be_v the_o gula_fw-la of_o august_n which_o be_v a_o great_a holy_a day_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n upon_o the_o first_o of_o august_n call_v also_o st._n petri_n ad_fw-la vincula_fw-la in_o the_o memory_n of_o st._n peter_n chain_n cure_v of_o a_o roman_a virgin_n by_o her_o kiss_v they_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v from_o this_o record_n that_o the_o hauz_fw-fr or_o prodes_fw-la homes_n mention_v in_o this_o record_n be_v take_v in_o the_o drâ—_n own_o sense_n for_o high_a and_o wise_a man_n that_o be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o the_o word_n è_fw-fr du_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o immediate_o follow_v they_o must_v needs_o signify_v some_o body_n of_o man_n different_z from_o the_o former_a or_o else_o it_o have_v be_v a_o notorious_a piece_n of_o nonsense_n since_o if_o the_o former_a word_n have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v in_o your_o sense_n the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o word_n è_fw-mi du_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o be_v immediate_o subjoin_v since_o the_o hauz_fw-fr &_o prodes_fw-la homes_n will_v have_v serve_v to_o express_v all_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la whether_o take_v as_o great_a or_o as_o wise_a men._n m._n i_o confess_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v will_v carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o be_v i_o not_o very_o well_o satisfy_v that_o you_o impose_v upon_o yourself_o by_o take_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n these_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la &_o communalti_fw-la in_o a_o wrong_a sense_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o they_o be_v now_o when_o indeed_o these_o word_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o nay_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._o as_o the_o learned_a dr._n show_v we_o in_o his_o 2d_o edition_n against_o mr._n p._n be_v always_o to_o be_v understand_v either_o of_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_a consist_v of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la call_v by_o mat._n paris_n and_o other_o historian_n communitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la or_o else_o for_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o style_v communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a record_n and_o this_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v to_o
citizen_n of_o london_n be_v the_o assensu_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la pardon_v all_o homicide_n 29._o the_o very_a like_o word_n be_v also_o use_v in_o the_o same_o roll_n in_o the_o act_n of_o pardon_n grant_v to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n i_o shall_v trouble_v you_o but_o with_o one_o more_o in_o this_o king_n reign_n but_o it_o be_v so_o remarkable_a i_o can_v omit_v it_o of_o the_o 34_o the_o of_o this_o king_n and_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o old_a edition_n of_o statute_n print_v in_o french_a the_o title_n begin_v thus_o ceux_fw-fr sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr choses_fw-fr queux_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr prelate_n signior_n &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la ount_n ordain_v &_o establéâ—s_v to_o conclude_v with_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o the_o like_a expression_n be_v find_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 5_o the_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o where_o the_o statute_n begin_v thus_o 21._o pur_fw-mi commune_fw-la prosit_fw-la du_fw-fr royalme_n d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr cient_a faiâ—es_fw-fr per_fw-la nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr prelate_n signior_n &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr le_fw-fr royalme_a esteante_n en_fw-fr cest_fw-fr parliament_n from_o the_o title_n to_o which_o two_o last_a statute_n i_o pray_v observe_v that_o the_o word_n le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v not_o only_o use_v for_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o fâ—rmer_a king_n reign_v but_o also_o that_o these_o statute_n be_v make_v by_o the_o joint_n assent_v of_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o roll_n be_v recite_v concordiae_fw-la sive_fw-la ordinationes_fw-la factae_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la assâ—â—su_fw-la regis_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o magnatum_fw-la &_o communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la which_o i_o give_v you_o to_o show_v that_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la &_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la always_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o our_o statute_n and_o record_n viz._n the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v different_a from_o your_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n and_o if_o they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o this_o sense_n after_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o i_o will_v be_v glad_a if_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o understand_v aâ—_n along_o before_o that_o time_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o only_a m._n though_o i_o grant_v that_o these_o word_n you_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o take_v in_o many_o record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n after_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o therefore_o you_o need_v not_o to_o have_v take_v the_o paâ—ns_n to_o have_v go_v beyond_o that_o time_n yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o very_o good_a authority_n that_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la which_o i_o grant_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la in_o french_a though_o put_v after_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n do_v not_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o general_a but_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o or_o at_o least_o the_o community_n of_o all_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n and_o that_o as_o low_o as_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o but_o for_o proof_n of_o thiâ—_n i_o pray_v peruâ—e_v this_o writ_n which_o the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n rex_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la 1._o abbatibus_fw-la priotibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliâ—s_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la cantiae_fw-la salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quâ—d_fw-la cum_fw-la pâ—â—mo_fw-la die_v junii_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la decimo_fw-la octavo_fw-la praelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o caeteri_fw-la magnâ—tes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la concorditer_fw-la pâ—o_fw-la se_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la tota_fw-la communitate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la nostro_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesse_n unt_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la solidos_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la in_o dicto_fw-la regno_fw-la in_o auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la primogenitam_fw-la filiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la mariâ—andam_fw-la etc._n etc._n cujus_fw-la quidem_fw-la auxilii_fw-la levationi_fw-la faciendae_fw-la pro_fw-la dictae_fw-la communitatis_fw-la aisimento_fw-la hucusque_fw-la supersedimus_fw-la gratioâ—è_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o this_o record_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o such_o as_o pâ—id_v scutage_n that_o be_v forty_o shilling_n for_o a_o knight_n fee_n be_v then_o the_o tota_fw-la regni_fw-la communitas_fw-la and_o no_o other_o and_o of_o these_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v and_o pay_v it_o first_o for_o themselves_o and_o tenant_n and_o then_o their_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o king_n precept_n pay_v it_o to_o they_o again_o for_o so_o many_o fee_n as_o they_o hold_v of_o they_o so_o that_o this_o tax_n be_v raise_v whole_o upon_o knight_n fee_n must_v be_v grant_v only_o by_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n but_o further_a that_o the_o communalte_n de_fw-fr royaume_n the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o represent_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v still_o so_o continue_v as_o above_o mention_v till_o almost_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o reign_n be_v as_o clear_o prove_v by_o this_o record_n of_o that_o king_n rex_fw-la dilectis_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la â—uis_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la wygorniae_fw-la â—homae_fw-la bâ—ttâ—ler_fw-fr de_fw-fr upton_n supeâ—â—abrinam_fw-la 37._o militi_fw-la &_o thomae_fw-la cassy_n de_fw-fr wych_n salutem_fw-la â—â—â—atis_fw-la quod_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la nostro_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la lunae_fw-la proximo_fw-la post_fw-la vestum_fw-la nativitatis_fw-la beatae_fw-la mariae_fw-la virgin_n proximo_fw-la praeteritum_fw-la tento_fw-la praelati_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o magnates_n de_fw-fr regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n pâ—o_fw-la se_fw-la &_o to_o a_o communita_fw-la e_fw-la ejaâ—dem_fw-la regni_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesseâ—unt_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la solidos_fw-la de_fw-la singulâ—s_fw-la â—eodiâ—_n militum_fw-la in_o diâ—â—â—_n regno_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o england_n in_o this_o record_n be_v military_a man_n such_o as_o hold_v knight_n fee_n or_o part_n of_o knight_n fee_n and_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n and_o they_o be_v neither_o the_o ordinary_a freeman_n or_o freeholders_n nor_o the_o multitude_n nor_o rabble_n f._n i_o pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o argument_n from_o these_o record_n as_o you_o â—ut_v they_o lest_o i_o forget_v what_o you_o have_v say_v in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o to_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 30_o of_o edw._n i._n which_o relate_v to_o a_o tax_n give_v in_o the_o 18_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o recite_v a_o aid_n of_o 40_o s._n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v give_v by_o the_o bishop_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o magnates_n or_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o full_a parliament_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n thereof_o to_o marry_v the_o king_n daughter_n and_o which_o subsidy_n he_o have_v defer_v to_o levy_v till_o now_o and_o therefore_o because_o this_o be_v a_o tax_n grant_v only_o upon_o knight_n fee_n that_o those_o only_o who_o pay_v this_o scutage_n be_v then_o the_o communitas_fw-la or_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v no_o argument_n at_o all_o since_o from_o this_o we_o may_v plain_o collect_v the_o clean_a contrary_n for_o if_o none_o have_v be_v to_o pay_v to_o this_o tax_n but_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o the_o king_n will_v have_v have_v no_o need_n to_o have_v have_v it_o grant_v in_o parliament_n since_o by_o the_o 14_o article_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n he_o may_v have_v tax_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o knight_n of_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o the_o marriage_n of_o his_o elder_a daughter_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n and_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v bring_v to_o prove_v it_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v also_o by_o the_o like_a reason_n have_v make_v their_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n have_v contribute_v to_o this_o tax_n which_o yet_o you_o see_v they_o can_v not_o do_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o this_o aid_n or_o subsidy_n be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n must_v needs_o extend_v to_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o do_v not_o for_o it_o be_v not_o here_o say_v as_o in_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o sussex_n qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o then_o the_o word_n pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o â—ota_fw-la
communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la can_v mean_v as_o you_o will_v have_v they_o viz._n that_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v grant_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o community_n of_o their_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n only_o who_o say_v you_o represent_v the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o then_o as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v this_o need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o at_o this_o rate_n no_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbey_n and_o monastery_n which_o be_v a_o great_a many_o who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la will_v have_v pay_v any_o thing_n to_o this_o tax_n nor_o yet_o the_o king_n tenant_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la but_o of_o some_o castle_n or_o honour_n nor_o last_o any_o tenant_n in_o socage_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o kent_n as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o county_n as_o mr._n taylour_n prove_v in_o his_o history_n of_o gauâ—l-kâ—nd_a so_o that_o if_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o other_o under_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n have_v be_v then_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o community_n have_v not_o consist_v of_o above_o one_o half_a or_o at_o most_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o in_o my_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o will_v be_v no_o difficulty_n at_o all_o for_o these_o magnate_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n be_v take_v as_o i_o have_v proveâ—_n they_o often_o be_v for_o knight_n of_o shire_n than_o these_o word_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v viz._n that_o all_o the_o party_n mention_v in_o this_o record_n give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o free_a holder_n of_o england_n who_o all_o contribute_v to_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o king_n daughter_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a estate_n and_o though_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n have_v be_v otherwise_o in_o this_o place_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o have_v contradict_v my_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la which_o i_o do_v not_o aver_v always_o to_o signify_v the_o commons_o but_o when_o it_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o it_o do_v not_o in_o this_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v m._n but_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o this_o can_v be_v since_o the_o record_n say_v express_o that_o this_o aid_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v by_o 40_o s._n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o can_v only_o extend_v to_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n nor_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v since_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o at_o all_o mention_v who_o you_o know_v do_v at_o this_o day_n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n f._n this_o proceed_v from_o your_o not_o know_v or_o else_o not_o consider_v the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o reckon_a estate_n and_o consequent_o of_o tax_v by_o knight_n fee_n not_o only_o land_n hold_v by_o military_a but_o socage_n tenure_n also_o faciendis_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o those_o writ_n of_o the_o 24_o and_o 26_o of_o hen._n iii_o as_o they_o be_v still_o upon_o the_o close_a roll_n be_v both_o almost_o the_o same_o word_n for_o word_n which_o i_o give_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n yet_o since_o you_o may_v have_v forget_v they_o pray_v read_v they_o again_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_a northampton_n saluâ—em_v praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la ballivam_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la bonis_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o similiter_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la clamari_fw-la faâ—ies_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la integrum_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la minus_fw-la quam_fw-la feodum_fw-la integrum_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-it tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la tam_fw-la militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socagio_fw-it possint_fw-la sistentari_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la siâ—ut_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sus_fw-la diligunt_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la anno._n regni_n nostr_n xxv_o arma_fw-la capiant_fw-la &_o se_fw-la milites_fw-la â—iâ—ri_fw-la faciant_fw-la where_o you_o may_v note_n that_o all_o man_n who_o hold_v the_o value_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n either_o by_o military_a or_o socage_n tenure_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v make_v knight_n provide_v they_o can_v maintain_v themselves_o of_o their_o estate_n which_o can_v never_o have_v be_v have_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o reckon_a and_o tax_v estate_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o otherwise_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o so_o many_o knight_n fee_n that_o be_v at_o 20â—_n per_fw-la an._n be_v then_o common_o use_v but_o as_o for_o your_o next_o objection_n that_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o this_o record_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la this_o prove_v no_o more_o than_o that_o which_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v you_o that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la use_v in_o your_o record_n be_v there_o to_o be_v understand_v restrictive_o and_o according_a to_o the_o subject_a matter_n viz._n the_o community_n of_o freeholders_n or_o land-holders_n of_o the_o who_o kingdom_n only_o since_o this_o tax_n be_v whole_o upon_o land_n the_o commons_o of_o city_n and_o burrough_n then_o call_v communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o buâ—gorum_n who_o estate_n lay_v in_o money_n or_o good_n can_v not_o be_v tax_v by_o knight_n fee_n nor_o do_v i_o doubt_v but_o that_o if_o we_o have_v the_o record_n of_o that_o parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n now_o leave_v we_o which_o be_v lose_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o they_o also_o contribute_v to_o this_o tax_n according_a to_o their_o estate_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o this_o king_n to_o make_v the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n a_o knight_n as_o for_o your_o record_n of_o the_o 20_o of_o edw._n iii_o it_o be_v but_o the_o same_o in_o effect_n with_o this_o of_o the_o 30_o of_o edw._n i._n and_o the_o same_o answer_n will_v serve_v for_o both_o only_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o whereas_o you_o have_v often_o assert_v that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v only_o signify_v the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la now_o you_o fall_v a_o peg_n low_a and_o it_o must_v at_o last_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n whether_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o m._n well_o then_o you_o gâ—ant_v that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o far_o that_o it_o must_v mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n only_o pâ—ay_o see_v this_o very_a record_n of_o the_o 34th_o of_o edw._n i._n which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o at_o large_a in_o his_o appendix_n 173._o which_o be_v long_o i_o shaâ—l_v trouble_v you_o with_o no_o more_o than_o what_o make_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n viz._n that_o the_o king_n intend_v to_o make_v his_o son_n prince_z edward_z a_o knight_n summon_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o appoint_v what_o aid_n they_o will_v grant_v the_o king_n towards_o it_o and_o than_o it_o follow_v thus_o that_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o as_o also_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n being_n mer_o treat_v together_o with_o deliberation_n upon_o this_o matter_n consider_v that_o a_o aid_n be_v due_a to_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n beside_o the_o burden_n that_o lie_v upon_o they_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o scotch_a war_n at_o lengh_n they_o unanimous_o domino_fw-la regni_fw-la concâ—ssâ—runt_fw-la pâ—o_fw-la sâ—_n &_o â—â—tâ_fw-la communitate_fw-la râ—gni_fw-la â—ricesimam_fw-la partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la bunâ—â—um_fw-la suorum_fw-la â—â—mporalium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la for_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n and_o towards_o his_o expense_n of_o his_o war_n in_o scotland_n aâ—d_v then_o the_o cives_fw-la &_o â—u_n genses_fw-la civet_fw-la â—â—um_fw-la ac_fw-la burgorum_n â—c_z caeteri_fw-la de_fw-fr dominiâ—s_fw-la râ—gis_fw-la congregati_fw-la treat_v about_o the_o premise_n and_o consider_v the_o burden_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n not_o mention_v any_o aid_n for_o make_v his_o â—on_n knight_n as_o not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knights-fee_n oâ—_n service_n and_o therefore_o none_o of_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o liable_a to_o it_o dâ—mino_fw-la râ—gâ—_n un_fw-fr inimitie_n ob_fw-la cauâ—as_fw-la supra_fw-la dictas_fw-la concâ—sserunt_fw-la vic._n simâ—m_fw-la pariem_fw-la bono_fw-mi 〈…〉_z mobilium_fw-la here_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n with_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n consult_v together_o and_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n a_o thirty_o part_n of_o their_o
continue_v on_o now_o the_o doctor_n upon_o second_o thought_n in_o â—is_n edition_n in_o folio_n will_v have_v they_o never_o to_o be_v summon_v any_o more_o than_o that_o once_o because_o forsooth_o he_o can_v find_v they_o mention_v in_o such_o express_a word_n as_o that_o he_o can_v evade_v they_o by_o say_v the_o sense_n be_v equivocal_a and_o if_o the_o commons_o not_o be_v express_o mention_v in_o our_o statute_n be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o prove_v they_o not_o to_o have_v be_v there_o be_v the_o writ_n of_o summons_n lose_v as_o well_o after_o as_o they_o be_v before_o the_o 23â—_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o you_o may_v as_o well_o have_v face_v we_o down_o that_o there_o be_v none_o in_o all_o that_o time_n till_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la you_o now_o mention_v and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o pray_v see_v the_o statute_n call_v articuli_fw-la super_fw-la charâ—â—s_fw-la make_v in_o the_o 28_o the_o of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v and_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n who_o be_v only_o mention_v in_o this_o statute_n and_o yet_o certain_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o at_o this_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n and_o expense_n i_o but_o now_o mention_v and_o sure_a their_o assent_n be_v give_v to_o it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n i_o can_v show_v you_o the_o like_a in_o many_o other_o statute_n of_o this_o king_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n communitâ—s_n or_o commonalty_n ever_o mention_v above_o twice_o in_o all_o the_o statute_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n viz._n in_o that_o of_o westminster_n the_o first_o and_o that_o against_o bear_v of_o arm_n neither_o be_v the_o word_n commons_o to_o be_v find_v above_o once_o or_o twice_o in_o all_o the_o statute_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o in_o the_o statute_n make_v at_o lincoln_n in_o the_o 9_o the_o of_o this_o king_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n the_o count_n baron_n and_o other_o grands_fw-fr of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o if_o these_o general_a word_n do_v comprehend_v the_o commons_o in_o those_o time_n you_o grant_v they_o be_v constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v give_v i_o any_o good_a reason_n why_o the_o same_o word_n may_v not_o as_o well_o comprehend_v they_o long_o before_o and_o if_o the_o bare_a omission_n of_o the_o distinct_a order_n or_o state_n of_o man_n that_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o make_n of_o any_o statute_n and_o the_o different_a pen_n of_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o prove_v they_o have_v no_o hand_n in_o it_o i_o doubt_v two_o part_n in_o three_o of_o the_o old_a statute_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o edward_z the_o first_o will_v have_v be_v make_v without_o the_o consent_n either_o of_o the_o bishop_n or_o lord_n since_o in_o most_o of_o they_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o either_o and_o that_o what_o i_o say_v be_v true_a pray_v at_o your_o leisure_n peruse_v these_o statute_n follow_v viz._n de_fw-fr districtionâ—_n scacarti_fw-la of_o the_o 51_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o with_o other_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o that_o king_n reign_n as_o also_o that_o of_o actoâ—_n burnel_n make_v in_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o edward_n i._o that_o of_o winchester_n make_v in_o the_o 13_o the_o of_o this_o king_n that_o of_o merchant_n in_o the_o same_o year_n as_o also_o those_o of_o circumspect_a agatis_fw-la and_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la and_o see_v if_o you_o can_v find_v any_o mention_n either_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o commons_o in_o they_o but_o to_o come_v to_o direct_v proof_n though_o i_o grant_v the_o word_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o express_o mention_v in_o our_o old_a statute_n yet_o i_o shall_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o other_o word_n of_o a_o much_o more_o comprehensive_a signification_n that_o they_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o reign_n for_o this_o we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o old_a manuscript_n as_o well_o as_o print_v copy_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o be_v first_o grant_v in_o the_o second_o year_n and_o again_o confirm_v in_o the_o 9_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o both_o which_o conclude_v thus_o pro_fw-la hac_fw-la autem_fw-la donatione_fw-la &_o concessione_n archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la dedâ—iunâ—_n quintâ—m_fw-la decimam_fw-la paâ—tem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la now_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v more_o express_a than_o this_o clause_n viz._n that_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o inferior_a order_n viz._n the_o knight_n and_o freeholder_n and_o all_o other_o of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n give_v this_o 15_o the_o of_o their_o movable_n at_o both_o those_o parliament_n in_o which_o this_o charter_n be_v first_o make_v and_o afterward_o confirm_v m._n i_o confess_v this_o authority_n look_v very_o plausible_a at_o first_o but_o if_o it_o be_v strict_o look_v into_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v prove_v nothing_o at_o all_o for_o as_o to_o your_o interpretation_n of_o these_o word_n i_o do_v not_o allow_v it_o for_o reason_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o dispute_v the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o charter_n which_o i_o do_v not_o take_v to_o be_v so_o ancient_a as_o you_o make_v it_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v such_o a_o charter_n make_v in_o the_o 2d_o and_o again_o confirm_v in_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen._n iii_o yet_o you_o have_v already_o have_v my_o thought_n of_o this_o charter_n which_o you_o suppose_v to_o be_v henry_n the_o three_o viz._n that_o this_o which_o we_o now_o have_v be_v not_o proper_o he_o but_o his_o son_n edw._n i._o since_o it_o conclude_v this_o his_o testibus_fw-la bonifacio-cantuariâ—nâ—is_a archiâ—piâ—copo_n e._n londinensi_fw-la episcopo_fw-la etc._n etc._n anno._n regninostri_a scil._n henrici_fw-la 3._o nono_fw-la whereas_o this_o bonifac_o here_o mention_v be_v not_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n before_o the_o 27._o hen._n iii_o nor_o be_v there_o any_o one_o who_o name_n begin_v with_o e._n bishop_n of_o london_n during_o the_o time_n that_o boniface_n hold_v the_o see_v of_o cantâ—rbuâ—y_n f._n i_o be_o very_o glad_a you_o have_v make_v these_o objection_n against_o the_o validity_n of_o this_o charter_n for_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o that_o what_o you_o have_v now_o urge_v from_o your_o friend_n the_o dr._n be_v a_o mere_a evasion_n against_o the_o charter_n itself_o i_o think_v you_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v my_o convert_n in_o the_o first_o place_n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o confirm_v the_o validity_n of_o the_o charter_n itself_o i_o therefore_o free_o grant_v that_o the_o original_a of_o this_o charter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o statute_n roll_v in_o the_o tâ—ner_n where_o there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v of_o it_o on_o record_n except_o this_o confirmation_n of_o it_o by_o a_o charter_n of_o impeximus_fw-la of_o edw._n i._o the_o conclusion_n of_o which_o be_v as_o you_o have_v now_o give_v and_o i_o think_v there_o can_v be_v a_o great_a pâ—oof_n of_o the_o careless_a keep_n or_o voluntary_a imâ—ezlement_n of_o the_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n of_o the_o kingdom_n than_o the_o loss_n of_o this_o great_a charter_n which_o certain_o must_v have_v be_v enrol_v at_o the_o time_n when_o it_o be_v make_v as_o well_o as_o every_o common_a grant_v make_v by_o the_o king_n to_o ordinary_a person_n of_o market_n and_o pair_n since_o we_o find_v copy_n of_o it_o still_o extant_a in_o the_o ancient_a annal_n of_o divers_a monastery_n where_o they_o be_v former_o keep_v deinâ—_n as_o in_o particular_a in_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o barton_n publish_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o ancient_a english_a writer_n late_o print_v at_o oxford_n which_o full_o answer_v your_o objection_n for_o instead_o of_o boniface_n it_o be_v there_o witness_v by_o s._n archibis_n cant._n i_o e._n stephen_n langton_n who_o be_v then_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n near_o 20_o year_n before_o boniface_n there_o be_v also_o a_o &c._n &c._n after_o the_o name_n of_o this_o archbishop_n and_o the_o same_o charter_n be_v likewise_o recite_v word_n for_o word_n with_o the_o former_a and_o have_v the_o same_o conclusion_n concern_v the_o grant_n of_o this_o 15_o by_o all_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o walter_n hemingford_n publish_v by_o the_o learned_a dr._n gâ—â—e_v in_o his_o 2d_o volume_n of_o english_a historian_n 1687._o only_o it_o have_v no_o witness_n name_n
at_o the_o end_n but_o the_o king_n himself_o teâ—â—e_o meipso_fw-la and_o far_o both_o agree_v in_o all_o thing_n material_a with_o four_o ancient_a manuscript_n copy_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o the_o 2d_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o he_o be_v in_o minority_n one_o of_o which_o be_v in_o the_o cuttonian_a library_n a_o second_o be_v late_o in_o possession_n of_o sam_n baldwin_n sergeant_n at_o law_n a_o three_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o john_n cook_n esq_n chief_a prothonotary_n of_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n and_o a_o four_o be_v at_o this_o present_a with_o mr._n peryt_n of_o the_o inner-temple_n which_o i_o myself_o have_v see_v but_o to_o put_v this_o out_o of_o all_o doubt_n there_o be_v still_o extant_a a_o fair_a original_a of_o this_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n of_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o he_o be_v of_o full_a age_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v belong_v to_o bâ—â—â—ail_v abbey_n and_o be_v now_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n nathaniel_n powel_n bench_n of_o the_o inner-temple_n who_o be_v so_o civil_a as_o to_o communicate_v it_o to_o all_o who_o have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o see_v so_o great_a a_o rarity_n so_o that_o though_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o charter_n publish_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o 2d_o institutes_n be_v proper_o the_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n of_o edw._n i._n since_o boniface_n be_v at_o that_o time_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o â—ulk_n bishop_n of_o london_n e._n being_n by_o mistake_n put_v for_o f._n yet_o i_o think_v no_o man_n have_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v whether_o that_o clause_n we_o dispute_v about_o be_v not_o in_o all_o the_o copy_n of_o this_o charter_n as_o well_o as_o in_o this_o of_o edward_n 1_n m._n well_o admit_v this_o charter_n to_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o you_o please_v yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o if_o your_o sense_n be_v that_o the_o word_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n viz._n omnes_fw-la de_fw-fr râ—gon_n those_o who_o give_v or_o grant_v this_o subsidy_n be_v member_n of_o that_o parliament_n if_o you_o wiâ—â—_n understand_v it_o so_o and_o according_a to_o the_o literal_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n than_o omâ—es_v de_fw-fr râ—gnâ—_n 126._o as_o well_o those_o thâ—t_n have_v estate_n in_o land_n as_o those_o that_o have_v not_o all_o copy_n holder_n all_o tradesman_n all_o bondman_n and_o villain_n of_o which_o there_o be_v great_a store_n in_o those_o day_n and_o all_o servant_n be_v member_n of_o parliament_n and_o so_o then_o i_o will_v willing_o understand_v where_o â—ll_a these_o people_n shall_v meet_v how_o their_o council_n shoulâ—_n be_v manage_v and_o how_o it_o be_v possible_a in_o such_o meeting_n i_o any_o such_o there_o can_v be_v to_o prevent_v the_o great_a confusion_n imaginable_a the_o meaning_n then_o of_o the_o word_n must_v be_v that_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_z â—arâ—_n baron_n knight_n free-tenant_n and_o all_o of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o all_o the_o king_n subjects_n dederunt_fw-la that_o be_v pay_v a_o fifteen_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n to_o the_o king_n for_o his_o grant_v these_o charter_n not_o that_o they_o themselves_o give_v or_o grant_v this_o subsidy_n and_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o conclude_v that_o all_o the_o king_n subject_n pay_v the_o fifteen_o part_n because_o one_o way_n or_o other_o little_a or_o much_o they_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o they_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n but_o mat._n paris_n who_o you_o now_o quote_v make_v it_o very_o apparent_a who_o be_v the_o constituent_a â—orts_n of_o this_o parliament_n for_o if_o you_o please_v to_o observe_v the_o man_n to_o who_o the_o chief_a justice_n propose_v this_o fifteen_o and_o those_o who_o consult_v about_o the_o king_n demand_n and_o those_o that_o return_v a_o answer_n to_o they_o and_o also_o grant_v the_o fifteen_o part_n of_o the_o movable_n as_o well_o of_o the_o ecclesiastic_n as_o laiâ—s_n oâ—_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v only_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n abbot_n prior_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v the_o only_a constituent_a part_n of_o this_o parliament_n as_o they_o be_v also_o of_o the_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o merâ—on_n in_o the_o 20_o year_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n whither_o say_v mâ—t._n paris_n consummato_fw-la cum_fw-la gaudio_fw-la nuptiali_fw-la convivio_fw-la rex_fw-la recedens_fw-la a_o londoniâ—s_fw-la venis_fw-la mereroâ—â—m_fw-la ut_fw-la ibi_fw-la revocati_fw-la magnaies_n unà â—um_fw-la rege_fw-la de_fw-la regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la eâ—ntractarent_fw-la f._n i_o think_v i_o can_v as_o easy_o answer_v this_o small_a objection_n against_o on_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n pray_v do_v i_o affirm_v that_o these_o word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v literal_o or_o the_o contrary_a therefore_o you_o do_v ill_a to_o put_v a_o sense_n upon_o i_o which_o i_o do_v not_o allow_v of_o but_o pray_v tell_v who_o ever_o be_v so_o mad_a as_o to_o believe_v that_o these_o word_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v literal_o or_o that_o all_o those_o person_n who_o you_o here_o give_v we_o a_o beadroll_n of_o can_v all_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o person_n or_o have_v all_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o this_o clause_n be_v true_a in_o a_o legal_a though_o not_o in_o a_o literal_a sense_n that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n grant_v this_o 15_o viz._n that_o the_o prelate_n and_o temporal_a lord_n in_o their_o proper_a person_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o their_o respective_a representative_n grant_v this_o fifteen_o i_o hope_v it_o be_v a_o good_a rule_n in_o your_o civil_a as_o well_o as_o our_o common_a law_n that_o he_o who_o give_v or_o grant_v any_o thing_n by_o his_o sufficient_a proxy_n or_o representative_a be_v say_v to_o perform_v it_o by_o himself_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n all_o the_o man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n give_v or_o grant_v a_o fifteen_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o charter_n and_o so_o at_o this_o day_n it_o may_v be_v say_v in_o a_o legal_a sense_n that_o all_o the_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v join_v in_o grant_v the_o king_n a_o tax_n by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n though_o none_o but_o such_o as_o be_v freeholders_n of_o 40_o â—_o a_o year_n can_v have_v vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n nor_o any_o but_o the_o alderman_n of_o divers_a city_n and_o town_n and_o the_o freeman_n of_o corporation_n and_o the_o scot_n and_o lot-man_n of_o burough_n who_o have_v any_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n and_o that_o your_o dr._n himself_o though_o he_o have_v mislead_v you_o in_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n dederunt_fw-la yet_o can_v grant_v this_o to_o be_v a_o reasonable_a interpretation_n of_o this_o clause_n when_o he_o be_v in_o a_o good_a humour_n pray_v remember_v his_o comment_n upon_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 34th_o of_o edw._n i._n which_o i_o give_v you_o but_o now_o wherein_o after_o the_o barones_n it_n follow_v that_o milites_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la grant_v a_o 30_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n and_o the_o communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o burgorum_n a_o 20_o whereupon_o he_o tell_v you_o these_o word_n be_v so_o express_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v all_o there_o in_o person_n but_o these_o word_n signify_v no_o more_o then_o that_o the_o knight_n and_o freemen_n give_v by_o their_o representative_n and_o that_o the_o community_n of_o county_n and_o these_o citizen_n and_o burrough_n give_v by_o their_o representative_n and_o why_o these_o milites_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la may_v not_o do_v it_o as_o well_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n when_o this_o charter_n be_v grant_v and_o confirm_v i_o shall_v be_v glad_a if_o you_o can_v give_v i_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n so_o that_o i_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o your_o own_o ingenuity_n to_o consider_v when_o the_o charter_n say_v express_o that_o all_o the_o person_n therein_o mention_v give_v a_o fifteen_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o a_o manifest_a wrest_n of_o the_o grammatical_a signification_n of_o this_o word_n dederunt_fw-la to_o render_v it_o they_o pay_v for_o at_o this_o rate_n a_o man_n may_v make_v word_n signify_v just_a what_o he_o please_v but_o our_o ancient_a english_a historian_n be_v the_o best_a judge_n in_o this_o case_n for_o the_o ancient_a annal_n of_o waverly-abby_n publish_v in_o the_o same_o volume_n i_o last_o mention_v under_o the_o year_n 1225._o have_v give_v we_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o grant_v thâ—se_a charter_n 9_o hen._n iii_o recite_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o great_a
indeed_o if_o the_o word_n have_v be_v milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tâ—nâ—ntes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la you_o have_v say_v somewhat_o but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v all_o mere_a supposition_n without_o any_o ground_n but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o the_o last_o woâ—ds_n in_o this_o charter_n &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la what_o can_v they_o mean_v â—ut_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v this_o fifteen_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_a m._n if_o you_o do_v not_o like_o our_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o libere_fw-la terentes_fw-la i_o can_v help_v it_o nor_o shall_v i_o dispute_v they_o long_o with_o you_o but_o as_o for_o this_o last_o clause_n in_o the_o charter_n 65._o &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la it_o only_a mean_n all_o these_o who_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o general_a in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o when_o our_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v regnum_fw-la &_o sâ—cerdotium_n by_o regnum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v both_o the_o temporal_a and_o spiritual_a baron_n great_a and_o small_a the_o king_n justice_n or_o any_o other_o that_o exercit_v any_o share_n or_o ministerial_a part_n of_o the_o government_n as_o perhaps_o all_o those_o diâ—_n one_o way_n or_o other_o by_o come_v to_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o quadri_fw-la partiâ—e_v history_n concern_v thomâ—s_n becket_n thus_o rex_fw-la apud_fw-la clarendun_v regnum_fw-la convo_fw-la aâ—_n universum_fw-la quò_fw-la come_v venisâ—_n ut_fw-la prasules_a &_o proceres_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n the_o whole_a baronage_n call_v together_o by_o the_o king_n writ_n or_o a_o full_a meeting_n of_o the_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n both_o great_a and_o small_a i_o pray_v also_o remember_v that_o passage_n you_o yourself_o make_v use_v of_o but_o now_o out_o of_o mat._n paris_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la because_o that_o after_o the_o curia_n hold_v at_o christmas_n the_o king_n immediate_o issue_v out_o his_o writ_n command_a omnibus_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantibus_fw-la to_o appear_v at_o london_n and_o yet_o you_o see_v there_o be_v no_o more_o mention_v to_o be_v summon_v than_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n 65._o so_o that_o we_o may_v hence_o learn_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n for_o these_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantes_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n the_o regnum_fw-la or_o government_n the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o totalis_fw-la regni_fw-la universitas_fw-la the_o insluita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la and_o also_o give_v we_o the_o meaning_n of_o those_o word_n omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 19_o the_o henry_n the_o three_o dor._n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o somersershie_n scias_n quod_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la etc._n etc._n concesserunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v further_o explain_v by_o a_o writ_n in_o the_o same_o roll_n about_o the_o same_o business_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o sussex_n which_o you_o have_v likewise_o cite_v begin_v thus_o 8._o sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la arohiepiscopi_n episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capire_n nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o the_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v the_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la which_o be_v then_o all_o the_o regnum_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la so_o likewise_o it_o may_v be_v far_o prove_v from_o a_o record_n of_o the_o 48_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o 5._o rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la venerabiles_fw-la patres_fw-la g._n e._n eborum_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o alii_fw-la praelati_fw-la magnates_fw-la milites_fw-la libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nobis_fw-la nuper_fw-la in_o articulo_fw-la necessitatiâ—_n servitium_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la &_o sulisidium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o i_o may_v also_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o writ_n i_o cite_v but_o now_o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la etc._n etc._n comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la de_fw-la comiâ—aru_n kanciae_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o the_o lew_v of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o every_o knight_n he_o in_o that_o country_n now_o this_o writ_n can_v not_o be_v direct_v to_o all_o the_o man_n in_o kent_n but_o to_o all_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n for_o not_o a_o forty_o part_n of_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o military_a service_n so_o that_o these_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la and_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la comitatus_fw-la be_v the_o same_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o be_v for_o by_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la or_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n in_o general_n can_v not_o be_v understand_v for_o they_o never_o be_v summon_v no_o not_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o they_o to_o meet_v in_o great_a council_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v and_o perhaps_o not_o above_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pay_v to_o this_o fifteen_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o many_o servant_n villainâ—_n bondman_n and_o many_o such_o people_n there_o be_v than_o in_o the_o nation_n that_o pay_v nothing_o f._n you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o perplex_v and_o darken_v word_n in_o themselves_o very_o clear_a and_o perspicuous_a for_o methinks_v it_o be_v a_o strange_a piece_n of_o confidence_n in_o your_o doctor_n when_o the_o charter_n say_v expresy_o that_o omnes_fw-la dâ—_n regno_fw-la all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v this_o 15_o to_o restrain_v this_o act_n only_o to_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v but_o a_o few_o in_o comparison_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o be_v indeed_o to_o make_v word_n signify_v any_o thing_n he_o fancy_v but_o to_o answer_v your_o authority_n which_o be_v found_v all_o upon_o false_a supposition_n without_o any_o proof_n as_o to_o your_o authority_n from_o the_o quadrilogus_fw-la history_n of_o thomas_n bâ—ecket_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o praesules_fw-la and_o prâ—ceres_fw-la be_v there_o call_v regnum_fw-la the_o kingdom_n but_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v that_o this_o word_n proceres_fw-la be_v of_o so_o comprehensive_a signification_n that_o it_o take_v in_o all_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v lord_n as_o those_o that_o be_v not_o so_o that_o the_o chief_a citizen_n and_o magistrate_n of_o our_o city_n and_o great_a town_n be_v often_o style_v proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o record_n and_o certain_o the_o great_a freeholders_n or_o knight_n of_o shire_n do_v much_o more_o just_o deserve_v that_o title_n as_o for_o the_o other_o passage_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n where_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v call_v omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantes_fw-la this_o be_v but_o a_o general_a way_n of_o expression_n in_o this_o author_n and_o prove_v nothing_o for_o either_o the_o word_n barones_n take_v in_o all_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o it_o do_v not_o if_o the_o latter_a than_o this_o author_n do_v not_o exact_o recite_v all_o the_o order_n of_o man_n who_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v appear_v there_o since_o the_o great_a baron_n alone_o can_v never_o make_v this_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o author_n if_o the_o former_a than_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o thereby_o comprehend_v more_o than_o those_o who_o be_v real_o baron_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o so_o nor_o be_v so_o much_o as_o call_v so_o in_o king_n john_n charter_n and_o then_o make_v the_o most_o of_o this_o word_n barones_n it_o may_v in_o a_o large_a and_o common_a acceptation_n take_v in_o all_o the_o chief_a freeholders_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v be_v often_o call_v baron_n in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o law_n of_o the_o first_o norman_n king_n and_o mr._n cambden_n tell_v we_o that_o under_o the_o word_n baronagium_n omnes_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continarentur_fw-la this_o i_o say_v suppose_v that_o by_o this_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v all_o the_o chief_n gentry_n or_o freeholders_n of_o england_n call_v often_o nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o make_v
praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la proborum_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la pâ—tentium_fw-la quod_fw-la rex_fw-la concedere_fw-la veli_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la pâ—ssunt_fw-la taâ—â—iâ—re_fw-la antiqua_fw-la dominica_fw-la unde_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o tenantia_fw-la â—icut_fw-la râ—x_fw-la dominica_n sua_fw-la taliavit_fw-la itâ—_n responsum_o est_fw-fr fiat_fw-la ut_fw-la petitur_fw-la from_o all_o which_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ancient_o a_o prerogative_n of_o lay_v tax_n not_o only_o upon_o their_o own_o tenant_n and_o their_o mesne_n tenant_n who_o hold_v under_o they_o but_o upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n too_o and_o it_o their_o successor_n have_v act_v otherwise_o it_o have_v proceed_v from_o their_o meet_a grace_n and_o favour_n who_o have_v tie_v up_o their_o own_o hand_n from_o exercise_v this_o prerogative_n f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v muster_v up_o a_o great_a many_o authority_n but_o for_o what_o end_n i_o know_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o some_o former_a king_n stretch_v their_o prerogative_n to_o act_v direct_o against_o law_n and_o their_o own_o charter_n to_o the_o contrary_a and_o to_o justify_v they_o in_o it_o when_o they_o have_v doâ—e_n as_o if_o all_o thing_n be_v do_v according_a to_o their_o lawful_a prerogative_n because_o they_o do_v it_o if_o this_o be_v law_n or_o reason_n either_o much_o good_a may_v do_v you_o with_o it_o for_o at_o this_o rate_n the_o king_n notwithstanding_o all_o law_n make_v and_o swear_v by_o he_o to_o the_o contrary_n may_v take_v what_o he_o please_v out_o of_o our_o estate_n without_o our_o consent_n because_o his_o predecessor_n break_v the_o law_n and_o their_o coronation_n oath_n into_o the_o bargain_n but_o you_o may_v have_v remember_v that_o a_o de_fw-fr fâ—cto_fw-la ad_fw-la jus_o non_fw-la datur_fw-la consequentia_fw-la but_o i_o doubt_v the_o precedent_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v will_v not_o come_v up_o to_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o assertion_n you_o have_v lay_v down_o for_o it_o be_v plain_a as_o well_o from_o king_n john_n charter_n as_o by_o that_o passage_n in_o bracton_n i_o but_o now_o cite_v whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o extraordinary_a tax_n such_o as_o hidage_n corage_n and_o carvage_a &_o alia_fw-la under_o which_o i_o suppose_v be_v include_v your_o scutage-tax_n also_o can_v not_o be_v impose_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o the_o king_n meet_v his_o people_n in_o parliament_n if_o then_o this_o be_v law_n whatever_o k._n john_n oâ—_n henry_n the_o three_o or_o any_o other_o king_n act_v contrary_a to_o this_o rule_n be_v illegal_a and_o produce_v among_o other_o mischief_n the_o general_a revolt_n of_o all_o the_o baronage_n i._n e._n as_o well_o the_o inferior_a as_o superior_a nobility_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n till_o such_o time_n as_o our_o king_n find_v they_o can_v do_v no_o good_a by_o force_n be_v fain_o at_o last_o to_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o legal_a prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o by_o new_a law_n and_o fresh_a declaration_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n to_o declare_v it_o unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o impose_v any_o tax_n upon_o their_o subject_n without_o their_o consent_n in_o parliament_n but_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o by_o thus_o set_v up_o the_o king_n illegal_a prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o their_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la you_o quit_v the_o question_n for_o i_o ask_v you_o by_o what_o right_a the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o you_o suppose_v can_v grant_v by_o this_o great_a charter_n a_o fifteen_o of_o the_o movable_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o of_o those_o who_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o military_a service_n as_o of_o those_o that_o do_v nay_o of_o those_o who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o at_o all_o and_o you_o then_o fly_v present_o to_o i_o know_v not_o what_o unknown_a royal_a prerogative_n of_o tax_v the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o pleasure_n which_o be_v either_o according_a to_o law_n or_o it_o be_v not_o if_o the_o former_a i_o have_v already_o prove_v he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o by_o law_n at_o all_o but_o if_o against_o law_n there_o be_v the_o like_a reason_n why_o he_o shall_v have_v have_v the_o like_a prerogative_n over_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la too_o even_o over_o the_o very_a bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a lord_n and_o then_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v whether_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v not_o be_v long_o since_o destroy_v and_o give_v up_o but_o to_o examine_v your_o authority_n it_o be_v true_a hoveden_n say_v of_o richard_n the_o first_o that_o accepit_fw-la de_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la hida_n terrae_fw-la v._o solidos_fw-la yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o he_o take_v this_o tax_n without_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n it_o be_v the_o ordinary_a phrase_n of_o writer_n in_o those_o time_n to_o say_v rex_fw-la accepit_fw-la i._n e._n receive_v such_o a_o tax_n when_o indeed_o he_o take_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v give_v he_o by_o his_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o though_o we_o find_v this_o tax_n not_o mention_v in_o any_o other_o writer_n but_o only_o hoveden_n and_o so_o can_v give_v you_o a_o express_a proof_n that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v in_o a_o great_a council_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a nay_o certain_a it_o be_v for_o the_o word_n accepit_fw-la do_v not_o in_o its_o own_o nature_n import_v any_o violent_a or_o illegal_a exaction_n and_o therefore_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o be_v great_a reason_n to_o suppose_v that_o this_o aid_n be_v grant_v by_o consent_n since_o this_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o relation_n of_o this_o affair_n that_o this_o money_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o two_o lawful_a knight_n of_o each_o hundred_o and_o that_o they_o do_v answer_v this_o money_n to_o the_o exchequer_n coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la assignatis_fw-la who_o will_v never_o have_v undertake_v it_o have_v not_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o this_o king_n can_v not_o tax_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o his_o pleasure_n may_v appear_v by_o a_o relation_n out_o of_o this_o very_a author_n in_o the_o very_a same_o year_n b._n but_o a_o little_a before_o viz._n that_o when_o the_o king_n demand_v by_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n that_o homines_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o man_n of_o england_n shall_v find_v he_o 300_o milites_fw-la i._n e._n knight_n to_o stay_v one_o whole_a year_n in_o his_o service_n or_o else_o will_v give_v he_o so_o much_o money_n as_o that_o he_o may_v therewith_o maintain_v those_o 300_o knight_n in_o constant_a pay_n viz._n to_o every_o knight_n three_o shilling_n of_o english_a money_n wage_n a_o day_n and_o that_o to_o grant_v this_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v willing_a as_o not_o dare_v to_o resist_v the_o king_n will_n only_a hugh_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n as_o a_o true_a servant_n of_o god_n abstain_v from_o all_o evil_n answer_v that_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n agree_v to_o the_o king_n desire_n because_o it_o will_v redound_v to_o the_o detriment_n of_o his_o church_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o it_o seem_v the_o business_n fall_v and_o come_v to_o nothing_o now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o request_n must_v have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o at_o least_o in_o that_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o he_o can_v not_o charge_v his_o subject_n with_o the_o keep_n but_o of_o 300_o horseman_n for_o one_o year_n without_o their_o assent_n can_v any_o body_n believe_v that_o he_o shall_v present_o after_o extort_v a_o much_o great_a sum_n viz._n five_o shilling_n out_o of_o every_o plow-land_n in_o england_n but_o as_o for_o all_o your_o precedant_n for_o king_n john_n reign_n he_o be_v such_o a_o notorious_a tyrant_n and_o breaker_n of_o his_o coronation_n oath_n and_o common_a faith_n both_o to_o god_n and_o man_n that_o i_o hope_v that_o neither_o yourself_o nor_o any_o good_a english_a man_n will_v have_v fetch_v precedent_n for_o prerogative_n from_o so_o prosâ—igate_v a_o reign_n as_o he_o and_o in_o which_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v more_o than_o once_o illegal_a exaction_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o yet_o be_v brand_v by_o those_o very_a historian_n that_o relate_v they_o for_o great_a oppression_n and_o unjust_a exaction_n oxford_n as_o particular_o in_o this_o first_o instance_n of_o out_o of_o mat._n paris_n of_o k._n john_n take_v away_o by_o force_n the_o seven_o of_o the_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o be_v by_o this_o author_n call_v by_o no_o better_a than_o rapinam_fw-la rapine_n or_o robbery_n the_o same_o i_o may_v say_v
of_o parliament_n and_o tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v law_n make_v and_o tax_n give_v when_o their_o bishop_n or_o earl_n be_v present_a which_o be_v not_o so_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n if_o the_o earl_n have_v be_v the_o representative_a in_o parliament_n of_o his_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o otherwise_o as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o abbey_n and_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n itself_o and_o all_o other_o great_a town_n in_o that_o county_n his_o vote_n in_o parliament_n will_v have_v oblige_v all_o of_o they_o and_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o whole_a county_n in_o which_o they_o then_o make_v law_n and_o tax_v themselves_o as_o a_o separate_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o may_v appear_v from_o these_o follow_a record_n which_o mr._n a._n have_v give_v we_o the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o k._n edw._n i._n 6._o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioriâ—us_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la â—liis_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o comitat._n câ—striae_fw-la recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n count_n baron_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la have_v give_v he_o a_o 15_o the_o of_o their_o movable_n he_o desire_v that_o they_o also_o will_v of_o their_o benevolence_n and_o courtesy_n in_o latin_a curialitate_fw-la grant_v he_o the_o like_a subsidy_n which_o note_n can_v not_o be_v do_v out_o of_o a_o common_a council_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o writ_n of_o the_o 20_o the_o of_o this_o king_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la b._n &_o communitas_fw-la cestriae_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la 15_o mam_n partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la gratiose_fw-la now_o suppose_v as_o the_o doctor_n always_o do_v that_o these_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la what_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o signify_v but_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o they_o viz._n the_o communality_n or_o commons_o of_o that_o county_n and_o which_o be_v also_o remarkable_a this_o county_n be_v now_o fall_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n male_a of_o the_o last_o earl_n and_o so_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n notion_n the_o king_n be_v their_o sole_a representative_a need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v behold_v to_o they_o for_o these_o subsidy_n since_o though_o not_o as_o king_n yet_o as_o earl_n of_o chester_n he_o may_v have_v tax_v they_o himself_o which_o yet_o he_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o do_v because_o he_o know_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o that_o county_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o the_o grant_n of_o it_o to_o hugh_n lupus_n by_o will._n i._n always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o which_o privilege_n be_v also_o express_o set_v forth_o in_o a_o supplication_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o this_o county_n palatine_n to_o k._n henry_n the_o six_o which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o from_o a_o ancient_a copy_n of_o it_o then_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n thomas_n manwaring_n of_o that_o county_n 46._o baronet_n wherein_o the_o abbot_n prior_n and_o clergy_n baron_n knight_n esquire_n and_o commonalty_n set_v forth_o that_o they_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o earl_n do_v make_v and_o admit_v law_n within_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n and_o that_o no_o inheritor_n or_o possessor_n within_o the_o say_a county_n be_v chargeable_a or_o liable_a or_o be_v bind_v charge_v or_o hurt_v of_o their_o body_n liberty_n franchise_n land_n good_n or_o possession_n unless_o the_o say_a county_n have_v agree_v unto_o it_o now_o what_o can_v here_o be_v mean_v by_o county_n but_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n thereof_o since_o otherwise_o they_o can_v make_v no_o law_n nor_o do_v any_o other_o public_a act_n the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o durham_n which_o from_o the_o grant_v thereof_o by_o william_n rufus_n to_o the_o then_o bishop_n have_v always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o 9_o and_o not_o by_o the_o bishop_n in_o parliament_n and_o that_o as_o low_o as_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n 3._o as_o appear_v by_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 14_o the_o of_o that_o king_n contain_v a_o letter_n or_o commission_n to_o r._n bishop_n of_o durham_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commons_o of_o county_n have_v give_v he_o a_o 9th_o of_o their_o good_n there_o mention_v that_o therefore_o the_o bishop_n shall_v convene_v the_o magnate_v &_o communitatem_fw-la libertatis_fw-la vestrae_fw-la to_o wit_n of_o his_o county_n palatine_n ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la with_o all_o convenient_a speed_n and_o that_o do_v to_o persuade_v and_o excite_v the_o say_a magnate_n &_o communitas_fw-la to_o grant_v the_o king_n the_o like_a or_o a_o large_a subsidy_n or_o aid_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o war_n which_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a if_o the_o bishop_n or_o the_o king_n can_v in_o those_o day_n have_v tax_v this_o county_n at_o their_o pleasure_n now_o if_o these_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o tax_n their_o mesne_n tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n much_o less_o can_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o england_n impose_v tax_n on_o their_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n or_o in_o socage_n without_o their_o consent_n which_o last_o have_v a_o much_o less_o dependence_n upon_o they_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o consider_v these_o precedent_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o durham_n and_o therefore_o can_v say_v nothing_o to_o they_o at_o present_a since_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n but_o as_o to_o reason_n and_o law_n i_o think_v it_o be_v consonant_a to_o both_o 171._o that_o not_o only_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n but_o socage_n tenure_n shall_v be_v find_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o superior_a lord_n of_o who_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v former_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o though_o in_o process_n of_o time_n many_o of_o these_o estate_n and_o land_n become_v free_a tenement_n or_o be_v hold_v in_o socage_n that_o be_v be_v free_a holder_n yet_o the_o lord_n retain_v homage_n which_o in_o the_o time_n we_o now_o write_v of_o be_v no_o idle_a insignificant_a word_n and_o by_o that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o estate_n whereby_o upon_o disobedience_n treachery_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n etc._n etc._n the_o land_n be_v forfeit_v to_o they_o and_o although_o the_o land_n nor_o the_o tenant_n of_o they_o which_o be_v term_v freeholders_n be_v subject_a to_o any_o base_a service_n or_o servile_a work_n yet_o the_o lord_n have_v a_o great_a power_n over_o these_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o do_v homage_n to_o they_o which_o though_o now_o antiquate_v yet_o eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la their_o land_n be_v many_o way_n liable_a to_o forfeiture_n and_o tax_n too_o so_o that_o upon_o all_o these_o account_n it_o be_v then_o as_o reasonable_a that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v in_o those_o day_n make_v law_n and_o grant_v tax_n for_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o scotland_n shall_v do_v so_o to_o this_o very_a day_n for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o kingdom_n of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o to_o this_o argument_n which_o be_v certain_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v yet_o answer_v nothing_o nor_o do_v i_o believe_v can_v f._n i_o can_v see_v notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o the_o superior_a lord_n by_o reason_n of_o homage_n shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o their_o tenant_n estate_n for_o though_o in_o the_o profession_n of_o homage_n to_o the_o lord_n i_o grant_v the_o tenant_n thereby_o promise_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n yet_o he_o never_o thereby_o mean_v to_o become_v his_o slave_n and_o there_o be_v mutual_a duty_n on_o both_o side_n so_o that_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v to_o protect_v his_o tenant_n in_o his_o estate_n or_o unjust_o oppress_v he_o he_o may_v have_v refuse_v nay_o renounce_v his_o homage_n till_o the_o lord_n have_v do_v he_o right_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o a_o bare_a right_n of_o have_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o the_o case_n you_o have_v put_v which_o yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o be_v never_o so_o strict_a in_o respect_n of_o socage_n as_o military_a tenure_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o be_v it_o worth_a while_n for_o if_o this_o right_n of_o forfeiture_n alone_o can_v give_v the_o superior_a lord_n a_o power_n over_o his_o tenant_n estate_n to_o make_v law_n for_o
i_o grant_v all_o the_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v to_o be_v summonld_v by_o the_o sheriff_n to_o come_v to_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n may_v have_v only_o call_v some_o of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a of_o they_o and_o such_o as_o he_o think_v most_o fit_a to_o advise_v he_o in_o make_v law_n and_o impose_v tax_n upon_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o like_a prerogative_n his_o son_n henry_n the_o three_o resume_v during_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a old_a statute_n by_o and_o by_o p._n and_o that_o our_o king_n do_v often_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o call_v who_o they_o please_v and_o omit_v who_o they_o please_v of_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v appear_v by_o those_o who_o be_v call_v pares_fw-la baronum_fw-la or_o alios_fw-la magnates_fw-la who_o be_v put_v after_o the_o baron_n and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v many_o instance_n of_o their_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n and_o again_o omit_v in_o several_a king_n reign_v after_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n as_o represent_v as_o at_o this_o day_n f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o now_o have_v say_v since_o i_o do_v not_o find_v your_o reason_n to_o come_v up_o to_o what_o you_o intend_v therein_o for_o you_o only_o suppose_v but_o without_o any_o proof_n that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la must_v signify_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o ancient_a scotish_n charter_n and_o statute_n all_o the_o argument_n you_o bring_v to_o the_o contrary_n be_v that_o i_o can_v show_v you_o any_o law_n by_o which_o it_o be_v alter_v to_o what_o it_o be_v now_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v always_o the_o same_o as_o at_o this_o day_n now_o pray_v consider_v whether_o this_o will_v not_o press_v altogether_o as_o hard_o upon_o you_o in_o relation_n to_o england_n for_o you_o can_v show_v i_o any_o law_n whereby_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v exclude_v here_o and_o knight_n of_o shire_n introduce_v in_o their_o flead_v and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n let_v the_o scottish_a parliament_n have_v be_v of_o what_o they_o will_v yet_o we_o have_v be_v still_o the_o same_o they_o be_v now_o but_o if_o you_o say_v that_o this_o contrary_a usage_n have_v be_v introduce_v either_o by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n or_o by_o the_o silent_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o some_o law_n that_o be_v now_o lose_v be_v not_o all_o the_o same_o argument_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o scotish_n parliament_n which_o i_o may_v upon_o as_o good_a ground_n suppose_v to_o have_v deviate_v from_o their_o original_a constitution_n as_o you_o do_v that_o our_o english_a parliament_n have_v do_v it_o so_o that_o if_o those_o argument_n be_v of_o any_o weight_n they_o will_v serve_v for_o england_n as_o well_o as_o scotland_n but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o at_o all_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v as_o to_o burrough_n in_o scotland_n since_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o suppose_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o scotland_n may_v voluntary_o desist_v from_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o parliament_n that_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o it_o be_v that_o divers_a burrough_n in_o england_n do_v petition_n to_o be_v exempt_v from_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o inability_n to_o pay_v the_o expense_n of_o their_o burgess_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o by_o divers_a precedent_n some_o of_o which_o be_v in_o print_n have_v i_o now_o time_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o discourse_n i_o can_v imagine_v to_o what_o it_o tend_v for_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o or_o right_o to_o come_v to_o parliament_n how_o come_v they_o to_o have_v it_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a freehold_a estate_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o if_o so_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o those_o that_o have_v as_o good_a or_o better_a freehold_a estate_n than_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o exclude_v or_o why_o a_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o but_o one_o knight_n fee_fw-mi hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o a_o place_n in_o parliament_n and_o get_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n or_o vavasour_n as_o he_o be_v then_o call_v who_o hold_v ten_o knight_n fee_n of_o some_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n who_o perhaps_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o shall_v have_v no_o right_n of_o appear_v there_o nor_o of_o choose_v any_o representative_a for_o he_o since_o notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v now_o say_v the_o doctor_n either_o contradict_v himself_o 68_o or_o you_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n represent_v only_o themselves_o and_o not_o the_o commons_o but_o how_o this_o will_v agree_v with_o what_o he_o say_v in_o his_o introduction_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o have_v no_o share_n in_o make_v law_n etc._n etc._n before_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o unless_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o thd_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o so_o must_v then_o certain_o represent_v those_o that_o he_o here_o call_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n collective_o take_v but_o as_o for_o your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o king_n court_n baron_n though_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o of_o a_o learned_a scotch_a lawyer_n sir_n george_n meâ—â—ensy_n yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o it_o be_v never_o true_a for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n both_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o tennre_n of_o land_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o then_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o manor_n in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o the_o doctor_n tell_v we_o be_v of_o no_o high_a a_o original_n than_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o admit_v i_o shall_v allow_v your_o notion_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v ancient_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n then_o certain_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v a_o right_a to_o appear_v there_o and_o to_o be_v not_o only_a suitor_n but_o judge_n of_o all_o difference_n arise_v among_o the_o tenant_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n where_o neither_o the_o lord_n himself_o nor_o his_o steward_n be_v judge_n and_o that_o of_o right_n and_o not_o by_o savour_n whereas_o you_o suppose_v such_o a_o courtbaron_n as_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o where_o the_o lord_n can_v admit_v or_o exclude_v who_o of_o his_o tenant_n he_o please_v to_o which_o if_o they_o have_v a_o right_a ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la certain_o he_o can_v never_o do_v so_o that_o instead_o of_o a_o courtbaron_n and_o a_o common_a council_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n whereby_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o this_o council_n or_o pretend_a court_n baron_n you_o suppose_v the_o king_n still_o retain_v a_o prerogative_n of_o call_v or_o omit_v who_o he_o please_v which_o instead_o of_o confirm_v the_o validity_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v a_o rule_n how_o such_o council_n shall_v be_v call_v for_o the_o future_a you_o make_v to_o signify_v just_a nothing_o and_o that_o no_o common_a council_n be_v ever_o call_v according_a to_o that_o model_n but_o pray_v show_v i_o a_o courtbaron_n wherein_o the_o tenant_n ever_o take_v upon_o themselves_o a_o power_n of_o give_v tax_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n that_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o manor_n though_o they_o be_v resident_a within_o it_o but_o indeed_o you_o be_v out_o in_o the_o whole_a matter_n for_o the_o doctor_n himself_o grant_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n when_o he_o give_v we_o king_n john_n letter_n of_o summons_n to_o a_o council_n direct_v to_o the_o baron_n and_o knight_n and_o as_o he_o translate_v eidelibus_fw-la feudatory_n or_o vassal_n of_o all_o england_n wherein_o he_o let_v they_o know_v 40._o that_o he_o have_v send_v his_o letter_n to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o if_o it_o may_v have_v be_v do_v now_o what_o reason_n have_v he_o to_o write_v thus_o if_o these_o gentleman_n have_v no_o right_a to_o be_v consult_v or_o that_o the_o king_n may_v have_v call_v or_o leave_v out_o who_o of_o they_o he_o please_v but_o the_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o another_o mind_n when_o in_o the_o 37th_o of_o king_n hen._n iii_o as_o mar._n paris_n tell_v we_o they_o refuse_v to_o act_n or_o proceed_v upon_o any_o thing_n
french_a peasant_n at_o this_o day_n and_o so_o be_v not_o reckon_v among_o the_o freeman_n all_o freedom_n consist_v then_o in_o so_o much_o freehold_a land_n hold_v in_o a_o man_n be_v own_o right_a or_o be_v freeman_n of_o some_o city_n or_o burrough_n town_n and_o this_o give_v we_o a_o reason_n why_o copy-holders_n and_o tenant_n for_o year_n have_v no_o vote_n in_o parliament_n at_o this_o day_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a and_o all_o our_o law_n book_n allow_v it_o that_o at_o the_o first_o all_o copyhold_n estate_n be_v hold_v by_o villeinage_n and_o the_o owner_n of_o they_o at_o first_o the_o villani_n or_o tiller_n of_o the_o demefnes_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o that_o town_n there_o be_v at_o first_o no_o freehold_n less_o than_o that_o of_o a_o whole_a township_n since_o a_o manor_n and_o therefore_o all_o copy-holders_n and_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o at_o will_n though_o freeman_n be_v not_o admit_v to_o have_v vote_n at_o this_o day_n because_o as_o i_o say_v before_o 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and_o be_v amerce_v if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v this_o be_v premise_v and_o sufficient_o understand_v will_v give_v we_o a_o very_a good_a account_n why_o copyholder_n and_o lease-holders_n for_o year_n do_v not_o give_v any_o vote_n at_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o yet_o the_o parliament_n may_v still_o continue_v the_o representative_a of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o territory_n about_o it_o be_v of_o all_o the_o roman_n though_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o liberti_n and_o in_o inqui_fw-la lini_fw-la who_o sure_o be_v freeman_n and_o not_o slave_n and_o yet_o have_v no_o vote_n in_o they_o comitiis_fw-la centuriatis_fw-la or_o general_a assembly_n of_o all_o the_o roman_a citizen_n but_o that_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la must_v take_v in_o more_o than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o doctor_n himself_o be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o 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purpose_n for_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o those_o county_n palatine_n be_v not_o at_o first_o conclude_v within_o the_o general_a law_n and_o tax_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o they_o have_v their_o particular_a council_n for_o both_o within_o themselves_o as_o the_o supplication_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n sufficient_o declare_v and_o certain_o durham_n have_v the_o like_a privilege_n since_o i_o never_o hear_v that_o the_o man_n in_o that_o county_n be_v more_o slave_n to_o their_o bishop_n than_o the_o cheshire_n man_n to_o their_o earl_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o about_o the_o confuse_a time_n of_o king_n hen._n vi_o there_o be_v a_o great_a breach_n make_v on_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n of_o these_o two_o county_n palatine_n and_o if_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n make_v law_n for_o and_o levy_v tax_n upon_o they_o though_o they_o have_v no_o representative_n therein_o this_o proceed_v partly_o from_o their_o be_v overpower_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o ease_n they_o find_v in_o be_v excuse_v from_o the_o expense_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o burgess_n which_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v at_o that_o time_n liable_a to_o and_o which_o come_v to_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o money_n four_o shilling_n per_fw-la diem_fw-la be_v in_o those_o day_n more_o than_o forty_o shilling_n now_o and_o yet_o you_o see_v at_o last_o they_o be_v aware_a of_o their_o error_n and_o at_o their_o request_n get_v the_o privilege_n of_o have_v representative_n in_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o this_o have_v not_o be_v a_o certain_a right_n of_o english_a subject_n how_o come_v the_o welsh_a county_n which_o be_v ancient_o no_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v admit_v to_o choose_v one_o knight_n for_o each_o county_n and_o burgess_n for_o each_o burrough_n town_n as_o well_o in_o north_n wales_n as_o south_n wales_n though_o both_o these_o be_v conquer_a country_n at_o the_o first_o and_o incorporate_v to_o england_n by_o particular_a statute_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o bracton_n and_o fortescue_n assertion_n that_o no_o law_n be_v make_v nor_o tax_n impose_v in_o england_n 84._o sine_fw-la consensu_fw-la communi_fw-la â—uius_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o as_o the_o latter_a true_o add_v in_o parliamento_fw-la and_o certain_o this_o word_n common_a assent_n must_v take_v in_o all_o their_o assent_n who_o have_v estate_n either_o in_o land_n or_o other_o riches_n at_o that_o time_n when_o this_o law_n be_v establish_v but_o leave_v this_o dispute_n about_o scotland_n and_o the_o county_n palatine_n pray_v make_v a_o end_n for_o it_o grow_v late_o and_o give_v i_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o reason_n
a_o few_o and_o for_o the_o great_a part_n but_o one_o in_o each_o year_n never_o but_o two_o in_o any_o year_n in_o all_o this_o long_a reign_n unless_o it_o be_v the_o 39th_o in_o which_o there_o be_v four_o which_o be_v very_o strange_a that_o in_o so_o busy_a a_o time_n as_o most_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n be_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o roll_n leave_v and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o at_o least_o half_a be_v lose_v and_o in_o which_o may_v be_v many_o summons_n as_o well_o to_o the_o commons_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o lose_v pray_v tell_v i_o what_o be_v become_v of_o all_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o your_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o certain_o often_o meet_v in_o this_o long_a reign_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o be_v lose_v or_o omit_v to_o be_v enter_v upon_o the_o close_a roll_n i_o may_v with_o like_a reason_n and_o certainty_n affirm_v the_o same_o of_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o if_o the_o one_o may_v be_v lose_v sure_o the_o other_o may_v be_v so_o too_o but_o what_o if_o after_o all_o these_o writ_n you_o have_v produce_v be_v not_o any_o summons_n to_o a_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o only_o to_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o i_o have_v great_a reason_n to_o believe_v not_o only_o because_o the_o title_n to_o the_o last_o writ_n be_v only_o summonitio_fw-la ad_fw-la concilium_fw-la and_o not_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la but_o also_o because_o mr._n selden_n and_o mr._n pryn_n who_o certain_o must_v have_v see_v all_o these_o writ_n as_o well_o as_o the_o doctor_n and_o be_v as_o able_a to_o judge_n of_o they_o never_o cite_v they_o for_o summons_n to_o parliament_n and_o mr._n pryn_n observe_v of_o several_a writ_n in_o which_o the_o like_a word_n of_o summon_v the_o lord_n to_o give_v their_o advice_n be_v likewise_o find_v that_o they_o be_v only_o to_o such_o council_n or_o treatise_n which_o be_v frequent_o use_v as_o low_a as_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n ii_o but_o if_o these_o writ_n have_v be_v summons_n to_o parliament_n sure_a mr._n selden_n and_o mr._n pryn_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o bewail_v as_o they_o so_o often_o do_v the_o loss_n of_o not_o only_o of_o parliament_n roll_n but_o of_o all_o writ_n of_o summons_n both_o to_o lord_n and_o commons_o except_o those_o of_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o till_o the_o 23d_o of_o edw._n i._n but_o pray_v go_v on_o if_o you_o please_v to_o make_v good_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o position_n you_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o m._n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v you_o though_o it_o be_v true_a most_o of_o our_o parliament_n roll_n be_v lose_v both_o from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o statute_n that_o there_o be_v no_o commons_o in_o any_o parliament_n during_o all_o the_o long_a reign_n of_o king_n hen._n iii_o except_v in_o the_o 49th_o of_o that_o king_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o act_n of_o parliament_n we_o have_v of_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n iii_o which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o 20_o of_o this_o king_n at_o merton_n where_o though_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v provide_v and_o grant_v as_o well_o by_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n as_o other_o yet_o the_o word_n &_o aliis_fw-la and_o other_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la distinct_a from_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v f._n i_o shall_v answer_v your_o authority_n as_o you_o go_v you_o may_v say_v you_o have_v prove_v it_o but_o i_o know_v not_o when_o and_o why_o may_v not_o i_o with_o as_o good_a a_o face_n maintain_v that_o these_o word_n &_o aliis_fw-la do_v here_o signify_v the_o commons_o if_o the_o word_n baron_n must_v take_v in_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o sometime_o you_o suppose_v it_o do_v when_o no_o other_o lay-member_n be_v mention_v but_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o this_o barones_n be_v a_o cheveral_a word_n and_o to_o be_v stretch_v or_o contract_v as_o best_a suit_n with_o your_o hypothesis_n so_o i_o think_v i_o may_v with_o great_a reason_n suppose_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o be_v all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n and_o the_o commons_o under_o aliis_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o which_o be_v also_o most_o suitable_a to_o the_o last_o clause_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n henry_n iii_o but_o you_o forget_v that_o i_o have_v i_o think_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o the_o commons_o have_v their_o representative_n both_o at_o the_o make_n and_o confirm_v of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o 2d_o and_o 9th_o of_o henry_n iii_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o proof_n you_o bring_v to_o the_o contrary_a will_v come_v to_o late_o though_o i_o shall_v patient_o hear_v what_o you_o have_v to_o say_v but_o if_o you_o have_v no_o more_o authority_n to_o produce_v from_o statute_n and_o record_n which_o have_v not_o be_v already_o consider_v pray_v proceed_v to_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n and_o give_v i_o some_o reason_n why_o the_o commons_o be_v call_v in_o that_o year_n and_o never_o before_o nor_o after_o till_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n for_o they_o both_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o improbable_a supposition_n m._n i_o shall_v observe_v your_o command_n and_o shall_v give_v you_o as_o short_a a_o account_n as_o i_o can_v of_o this_o transaction_n first_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o after_o simon_n monâ—fort_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o faction_n have_v take_v king_n hen._n iii_o dein_fw-ge and_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n brother_n with_o many_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n prisoner_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o lewes_n he_o carry_v they_o about_o with_o he_o till_o they_o have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o strong_a fort_n and_o castle_n of_o the_o land_n and_o when_o this_o be_v do_v mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o that_o call_v together_o at_o london_n the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o that_o faction_n which_o so_o seditious_o hold_v their_o king_n prisoner_n they_o begin_v to_o set_v up_o a_o committee_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o twelve_o lord_n who_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n without_o who_o advice_n and_o consent_n or_o at_o least_o of_o three_o of_o they_o no_o affair_n in_o the_o king_n household_n or_o in_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v be_v transact_v and_o to_o these_o ordinance_n the_o king_n and_o his_o son_n be_v force_v to_o agree_v and_o though_o the_o record_n of_o this_o agreement_n recite_v that_o this_o ordinance_n dorso_n be_v make_v at_o london_n by_o the_o consent_n good-like_a and_o command_n of_o the_o king_n and_o also_o of_o the_o prelate_n baron_n and_o of_o 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commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n but_o that_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o not_o by_o a_o conventicle_n of_o a_o few_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la summon_v ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la regis_fw-la appear_v by_o all_o the_o original_a writ_n found_v upon_o several_a branch_n of_o this_o statute_n whâ—ch_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o register_n recite_v that_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v de_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n regni_fw-la 175._o now_o the_o word_n commune_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o than_o general_n and_o how_o can_v this_o be_v call_v a_o general_n council_n which_o only_o consist_v of_o a_o few_o of_o the_o wise_a sort_n of_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o for_o what_o you_o and_o the_o doctor_n cite_v out_o of_o cambden_n nameless_a author_n of_o king_n henry_n send_v writ_n of_o summons_n and_o cull_v out_o a_o few_o of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n out_o of_o a_o great_a 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archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n dorso_n and_o conclude_v thus_o 155._o that_o he_o shall_v warn_v the_o procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la there_o mention_v to_o appear_v with_o he_o ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la ordinandum_fw-la &_o faciendum_fw-la noâ—iscum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o proâ—eribus_fw-la &_o aliit_fw-la â—ncâ—lis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o the_o margin_n over-against_o these_o last_o word_n the_o doctor_n give_v we_o this_o note_n the_o incolae_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a writ_n but_o not_o here_o particular_o enumerate_v now_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o writ_n be_v after_o the_o time_n that_o the_o doctor_n will_v acknowledge_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n yet_o if_o these_o word_n can_v mean_v the_o commons_o in_o this_o writ_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o signify_v the_o same_o in_o this_o statute_n i_o can_v see_v no_o 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mean_v not_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v but_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o for_o this_o parliamentum_fw-la pray_v consult_v the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o come_v to_o this_o parliament_n which_o i_o confess_v be_v the_o only_o write_v of_o this_o kind_n that_o be_v leave_v upon_o the_o roll_n from_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o to_o the_o 23_o d._n of_o this_o king_n in_o which_o you_o will_v find_v the_o archbishop_n summon_v ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la ordinandum_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la prelatis_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la that_o be_v as_o the_o doctor_n explain_v it_o with_o the_o prelate_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o great_a man_n very_o frequent_o comprehend_v as_o well_o the_o baron_n majores_fw-la as_o minores_fw-la 147._o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o less_o which_o then_o 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summons_n for_o the_o knight_n 147._o citizen_n and_o burgess_n to_o this_o parliament_n but_o it_o seem_v in_o his_o first_o edition_n of_o his_o book_n against_o mr._n p._n he_o have_v not_o make_v those_o rare_a discovery_n he_o do_v afterward_o where_o he_o pretend_v not_o to_o carry_v this_o opinion_n beyond_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o therefore_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o show_v this_o new_a light_n by_o which_o the_o doctor_n discover_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v never_o summon_v to_o parliament_n all_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n i._o till_o the_o 18_o m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o can_v show_v we_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o word_n communality_n or_o communitas_fw-la in_o any_o of_o the_o parliament_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n not_o in_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr bigamis_fw-la make_v in_o the_o four_o of_o this_o king_n the_o preamble_n thereof_o run_v to_o this_o effect_n 148._o that_o these_o under-written_a
future_a parliament_n the_o word_n be_v ad_fw-la faciâ—ndum_fw-la quod_fw-la â—unc_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la ordinabitur_fw-la or_o the_o like_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o the_o 23d_o of_o this_o king_n 155._o which_o the_o doctor_n have_v print_v whereas_o the_o word_n in_o this_o writ_n be_v ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la etc._n etc._n â—iis_fw-la qua_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o proceres_fw-la â—radicti_fw-la run_v duxerint_fw-la concordanda_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o if_o this_o have_v be_v do_v at_o the_o request_n of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o suppose_v how_o come_v the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o hold_v also_o in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v omit_v and_o not_o mention_v in_o this_o writ_n to_o have_v join_v in_o this_o request_n as_o well_o as_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n but_o as_o for_o the_o doctor_n next_o precedent_n viz._n a_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o northumberland_n to_o return_v two_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o then_o the_o next_o day_n after_o other_z two_o for_o the_o same_o county_n i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v that_o those_o writ_n be_v a_o summons_n to_o a_o parliament_n and_o not_o to_o a_o great_a council_n for_o beside_o the_o title_n of_o the_o writ_n be_v de_fw-fr militibus_fw-la eligendis_fw-la &_o miâ—tendis_fw-la ad_fw-la consilium_fw-la and_o the_o word_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o those_o which_o be_v common_o use_v in_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v '_o you_o in_o this_o writ_n of_o summons_n we_o be_v now_o upon_o whereas_o in_o the_o summons_n to_o parliament_n of_o the_o 23d_o of_o this_o king_n dorso_n the_o ordain_v part_n do_v as_o much_o refer_v to_o the_o commons_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n the_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la consist_v of_o both_o whereas_o in_o these_o writ_n you_o have_v cite_v they_o be_v to_o consent_v to_o such_o thing_n which_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o agree_v to_o but_o that_o i_o may_v show_v you_o a_o little_a more_o plain_o the_o absurdity_n of_o this_o fancy_n of_o your_o doctor_n that_o these_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v now_o summon_v the_o parliament_n sit_v pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o one_o or_o two_o question_n concern_v this_o business_n pray_v who_o be_v these_o gentleman_n that_o the_o king_n you_o say_v thus_o summon_v to_o parliament_n m._n according_a to_o the_o doctor_n account_n they_o must_v have_v be_v all_o tenant_n iâ—_n capite_fw-la since_o he_o often_o tell_v we_o that_o out_o of_o these_o alone_a the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v choose_v at_o the_o first_o f._n well_o but_o than_o who_o be_v these_o magnate_v and_o alii_fw-la proceres_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n and_o in_o this_o writ_n of_o the_o 18_o of_o edward_n i._o m._n i_o must_v own_v myself_o at_o a_o loss_n certain_o to_o define_v who_o they_o be_v for_o if_o i_o say_v they_o be_v the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v here_o put_v as_o a_o distinct_a order_n from_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n immediate_o forego_v i_o foresee_v you_o will_v ask_v i_o how_o these_o gentleman_n can_v be_v summon_v since_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v at_o this_o parliament_n already_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o think_v there_o be_v only_o some_o of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n now_o summon_v and_o who_o the_o doctor_n tell_v we_o be_v often_o call_v to_o great_a council_n as_o baron_n peer_n and_o who_o though_o sometime_o call_v to_o sit_v among_o the_o lord_n be_v often_o again_o omit_v in_o several_a king_n reign_v so_o that_o this_o parliament_n be_v compose_v as_o those_o of_o marlbridg_n and_o gloucesâ—er_n not_o of_o all_o but_o only_o of_o the_o more_o discreet_a of_o these_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n if_o this_o be_v all_o you_o have_v to_o say_v to_o extricate_v yourself_o out_o of_o this_o difficulty_n i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o amount_v to_o much_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n all_o you_o have_v here_o say_v be_v mere_a conjecture_n without_o any_o proof_n since_o this_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 3d._n say_v only_o in_o general_n that_o it_o be_v make_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o magnate_v under_o which_o title_n your_o doctor_n 147._o when_o he_o explain_v the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o arch._n bishop_n of_o canterbury_n tell_v we_o be_v frequent_o comprehend_v the_o barones_n majores_fw-la the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o under_o minores_fw-la the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o when_o the_o statute_n of_o westmister_n the_o first_o be_v make_v he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n therein_o mention_v and_o why_o this_o parliament_n of_o westminster_n the_o 3_o d._n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o the_o same_o member_n now_o needs_o some_o better_a reason_n than_o your_o bare_a affirmation_n to_o the_o contrary_n beside_o this_o prerogative_n of_o call_v these_o baron_n peer_n to_o parliament_n do_v not_o only_o extend_v to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o to_o other_o mesn_a tenant_n also_o if_o the_o king_n think_v they_o considerable_a enough_o for_o estate_n or_o wisdom_n to_o do_v they_o that_o honour_n and_o so_o be_v not_o confine_v to_o summon_v none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o according_a to_o your_o interpretation_n of_o k._n john_n charter_n have_v all_o a_o right_a to_o appear_v by_o general_n writ_n at_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o you_o may_v put_v what_o sense_n you_o please_v on_o these_o word_n magnate_v &_o proceres_fw-la yet_o i_o be_o sure_a your_o doctor_n can_v take_v they_o in_o no_o other_o sense_n than_o for_o the_o community_n of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a regni_n and_o so_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_a when_o he_o comment_n upon_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o 30_o edw._n 1._o which_o you_o now_o mention_v and_o which_o refer_v to_o this_o very_a parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o the_o when_o forty_o shilling_n be_v grant_v on_o every_o knight_n fee_n to_o marry_v the_o king_n daughter_n 33_o and_o there_o the_o doctor_n immediate_o tell_v we_o that_o such_o as_o pay_v that_o scutage_n be_v tota_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o no_o other_o and_o of_o these_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v and_o pay_v it_o first_o for_o themselves_o and_o tenant_n etc._n etc._n and_o which_o must_v certain_o relate_v to_o this_o very_a parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o edw._n 1._o or_o none_o at_o all_o m._n i_o confess_v i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o the_o doctor_n can_v solve_v this_o difficulty_n but_o by_o deny_v what_o he_o have_v already_o say_v and_o affirm_v as_o i_o do_v now_o that_o all_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o summon_v to_o this_o 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make_v use_n of_o into_o these_o three_o head_n first_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o divers_a quotation_n out_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a writer_n who_o live_v in_o or_o near_a the_o time_n you_o prefix_v viz._n the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_a william_n and_o shall_v descend_v down_o in_o order_n of_o time_n as_o low_o as_o your_o drs._n 18_o of_o edward_n 1_n 2._o i_o shall_v show_v you_o from_o the_o authority_n and_o testimony_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o almost_o all_o our_o court_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o nay_o of_o several_a whole_a parliament_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o that_o the_o commons_o have_v a_o undoubted_a right_n of_o sâ—tting_v there_o by_o prescription_n 3._o from_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o our_o neighbour_a kingdom_n who_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o king_n and_o a_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n according_a to_o the_o gothick_n model_n the_o commons_o have_v always_o from_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n their_o representative_n in_o those_o assembly_n m._n i_o much_o doubt_v that_o but_o pray_v begin_v with_o your_o ancient_a historian_n for_o as_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o though_o i_o have_v look_v they_o over_o very_o wary_o yet_o i_o can_v find_v nothing_o in_o they_o concern_v the_o particular_a constituent_a part_n or_o member_n of_o our_o great_a or_o common_a council_n but_o the_o magnate_v optimates_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la comites_fw-la and_o barones_n all_o which_o though_o you_o have_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n show_v i_o from_o some_o authority_n that_o they_o may_v take_v in_o other_o though_o not_o nobâ—â—_n by_o birth_n yet_o since_o these_o word_n have_v be_v most_o common_o take_v in_o another_o sense_n it_o need_v some_o better_a proof_n than_o to_o say_v in_o general_a that_o mere_a commoner_n be_v there_o because_o those_o general_a word_n may_v sometime_o be_v take_v in_o that_o sense_n and_o as_o for_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la and_o 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in_o that_o great_a council_n which_o make_v henry_n the_o first_o king_n 55._o because_o it_o be_v say_v by_o mat._n paris_n that_o congregato_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la universo_fw-it etc._n etc._n by_o which_o word_n populus_fw-la he_o will_v understand_v the_o commons_o alone_o distinct_a from_o the_o great_a lord_n 28._o but_o the_o dr._n very_o plain_o shewâ—_n he_o the_o falseness_n of_o this_o interpretation_n from_o the_o same_o author_n within_o three_o line_n of_o the_o place_n himself_o have_v cite_v where_o the_o same_o body_n of_o man_n which_o be_v but_o just_a before_o call_v populus_fw-la be_v present_o after_o call_v magnate_n ad_fw-la haec_fw-la clero_fw-la respondente_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la cunctis_fw-la not_o one_o word_n in_o this_o place_n of_o any_o populus_fw-la but_o the_o great_a or_o nobleman_n that_o be_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la must_v be_v the_o people_n or_o layman_n here_o mention_v and_o this_o same_o clerus_fw-la and_o 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superior_a as_o
of_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o which_o be_v certain_o a_o summons_n to_o parliament_n in_o which_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o summon_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n this_o be_v no_o more_o a_o argument_n than_o the_o former_a since_o it_o may_v not_o then_o be_v the_o custom_n to_o insert_v they_o in_o the_o same_o writ_n with_o the_o bishop_n to_o be_v summon_v by_o he_o but_o they_o may_v have_v general_a writ_n of_o their_o own_o direct_v to_o the_o clergy_n of_o each_o diocesâ—_n but_o that_o all_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n as_o well_o as_o the_o superior_a appear_v at_o divers_a common_a council_n or_o parliament_n during_o this_o king_n reign_n which_o they_o can_v never_o have_v do_v without_o the_o king_n summons_n though_o the_o writ_n be_v lose_v may_v appear_v from_o that_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o 9_o the_o of_o henry_n 3_o d_o whereto_o as_o mat._n paris_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o place_n i_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v be_v summon_v 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of_o late_a as_o the_o only_a representative_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n in_o parliament_n how_o else_o can_v they_o be_v oblige_v by_o general_a statute_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n since_o according_a to_o your_o own_o confession_n they_o give_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n but_o since_o the_o return_n of_o king_n charles_n ii_o so_o that_o if_o they_o have_v ever_o join_v in_o this_o legislative_a power_n as_o you_o suppose_v they_o ancient_o do_v i_o can_v see_v why_o they_o shall_v not_o have_v keep_v to_o this_o day_n f._n i_o grant_v indeed_o it_o have_v be_v otherwise_o between_o 300_o and_o 400_o year_n but_o for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o from_o the_o original_a institution_n of_o the_o government_n be_v also_o as_o certain_a for_o that_o the_o english_a common_a council_n consist_v of_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o ecclesiastic_n you_o must_v allow_v since_o before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n do_v not_o sit_v in_o the_o mycel_n synod_n as_o temporal_a lord_n be_v general_o acknowledge_v and_o yet_o even_o after_o they_o come_v to_o sit_v among_o the_o lay_v peer_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o barony_n the_o inferior_a clergy_n also_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o make_n of_o temporal_a law_n and_o give_v tax_n i_o have_v prove_v by_o such_o authority_n as_o i_o do_v not_o see_v you_o be_v able_a to_o answer_v and_o for_o further_a proof_n of_o this_o to_o show_v you_o their_o come_n be_v continue_v down_o to_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n three_o see_v sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n second_o volume_n where_o you_o will_v find_v that_o they_o be_v in_o that_o great_a council_n at_o clarendon_n 64._o when_o those_o famous_a constitution_n be_v make_v as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n in_o mat._n paris_n at_o the_o end_n of_o these_o constitution_n hanc_fw-la recognitionem_fw-la sive_fw-la recordationem_fw-la de_fw-la consuâ—tudinibus_fw-la &_o libertatibus_fw-la iniquis_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la 1164._o episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la clerus_fw-la cum_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la cunctis_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la so_o likewise_o at_o the_o council_n of_o gaintington_n in_o the_o 34_o the_o of_o this_o king_n 641._o roger_n hoveden_n have_v in_o his_o history_n these_o word_n dominus_fw-la vero_fw-la rex_fw-la statin_n postquam_fw-la in_o angliam_fw-la applicuit_fw-la magnum_fw-la congregavit_fw-la concilium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la multorâ—m_fw-la clericorum_fw-la quam_fw-la laicorum_fw-la apud_fw-la gaintington_n and_o mat._n paris_n in_o the_o year_n 1185_o be_v the_o 31_o st_z of_o this_o king_n reign_n mention_n a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n then_o call_v at_o clerkenwel_n where_o convocatus_fw-la est_fw-la clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la cum_fw-la tota_fw-la nobilitate_fw-la which_o dr._n heylin_n in_o his_o stumble_v block_n of_o disobedience_n thus_o
to_o examine_v this_o quotation_n because_o i_o confess_v it_o seem_v very_o specious_a at_o first_o sight_n but_o if_o it_o be_v thorough_o examine_v will_v make_v nothing_o at_o all_o for_o you_o 301._o and_o to_o this_o end_n pray_v let_v we_o read_v the_o dr_n observation_n on_o this_o passage_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o argumentum_fw-la antinormaunicum_fw-la f._n but_o you_o need_v not_o read_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o paragraph_n since_o i_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o the_o dr._n as_o that_o by_o principes_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinus_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o this_o author_n render_v they_o who_o the_o dr._n here_o write_v against_o the_o chief_a 301._o or_o principal_a man_n of_o several_a rank_n or_o condition_n but_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n of_o both_o order_n viz._n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v as_o the_o dr._n here_o will_v have_v it_o that_o these_o principes_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la be_v only_o bishop_n â—_o abbot_n and_o great_a dignify_a clergyman_n only_o and_o the_o procene_n and_o magnate_v the_o earl_n baron_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n alone_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v he_o produce_v several_a quotation_n out_o of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n malmsbury_n eadmer_n to_o prove_v that_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la ecclesiastici_fw-la &_o secularis_fw-la ordinis_fw-la primate_fw-la regni_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v at_o these_o council_n yet_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la and_o primate_fw-la do_v not_o in_o their_o proper_a signification_n signify_v none_o but_o bishop_n or_o dignify_v clergyman_n on_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n only_o since_o these_o word_n mean_v no_o more_o than_o chief_a principal_n or_o most_o considerable_a man_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o have_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n dignity_n or_o estate_n any_o place_n in_o our_o general_n council_n at_o that_o time_n and_o which_o do_v certain_o comprehend_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n also_o though_o the_o dr._n have_v make_v bold_a to_o pass_v they_o by_o without_o any_o notice_n take_v of_o they_o and_o if_o they_o be_v then_o there_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n the_o lesser_a nobility_n or_o commons_o be_v also_o summon_v from_o divers_a province_n city_n and_o great_a to_n m._n well_o but_o pray_v see_v here_o do_v not_o the_o dr._n prove_v plain_a enough_o that_o this_o gentleman_n he_o write_v against_o be_v mistake_v in_o his_o translation_n ibid._n and_o apply_v the_o word_n provinciis_fw-la &_o vrbibus_fw-la for_o chief_a layman_n from_o divers_a country_n city_n and_o burrough_n whereas_o the_o dr._n here_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n mention_v in_o this_o passage_n can_v here_o mean_v layman_n send_v from_o county_n to_o city_n but_o only_o the_o bishop_n who_o seat_n be_v here_o call_v urbes_fw-la and_o which_o as_o the_o dr._n show_v we_o be_v by_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o london_n in_o the_o year_n 1077._o be_v the_o 11_o of_o king_n william_n translate_v from_o village_n to_o city_n as_o be_v sherburn_n in_o dorsetshire_n remove_v to_o sarum_n selsey_n to_o chichester_n litchfield_n to_o chester_n which_o be_v before_o this_o council_n at_o westminster_n cite_v by_o sulcardus_n 302._o which_o this_o author_n place_n in_o the_o 14_o of_o this_o king_n and_o the_o dr._n here_o far_o prove_v from_o these_o word_n follow_v pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la christianae_n ecclesiâ—e_fw-la that_o this_o universal_a synod_n be_v call_v for_o hear_v and_o handle_v the_o cause_n of_o every_o christian_a church_n that_o these_o word_n every_o christian_a church_n must_v certain_o mean_v many_o church_n in_o england_n which_o in_o reason_n and_o probability_n can_v not_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o small_a parish-church_n all_o the_o nation_n over_o and_o therefore_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o cathedral_n or_o churches_n where_o bishop_n seat_n than_o be_v or_o where_o they_o have_v be_v or_o be_v to_o be_v remove_v f._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o comment_n of_o your_o doctor_n before_o we_o proceed_v far_o in_o the_o first_o place_n suppose_v i_o grant_v he_o that_o by_o urbes_fw-la may_v here_o be_v mean_v such_o city_n as_o have_v bishop_n seat_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o shall_v signify_v no_o other_o city_n or_o town_n but_o bishop_n seat_n only_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v in_o the_o modern_a acceptation_n of_o this_o word_n vrbs_fw-la here_o in_o england_n a_o city_n and_o a_o bishop_n seat_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o then_o there_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o law_n you_o mention_v whereby_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o bishop_n see_v shall_v be_v remove_v from_o village_n to_o city_n nor_o it_o seem_v be_v all_o of_o they_o so_o remove_v at_o this_o council_n you_o mention_v since_o the_o dr._n show_v we_o from_o this_o very_a place_n here_o cite_v that_o some_o of_o they_o still_o remain_v in_o villis_fw-la &_o vicis_fw-la in_o village_n and_o small_a town_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v here_o say_v dilatum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la regis_fw-la audientiam_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la transmarinis_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la bella_fw-la gerebat_fw-la â—and_v though_o the_o dr._n here_o suppose_v though_o i_o know_v not_o on_o what_o ground_n that_o the_o person_n summon_v by_o the_o king_n to_o this_o synod_n from_o province_n and_o city_n be_v such_o as_o be_v concern_v or_o able_a to_o advise_v the_o king_n in_o this_o matter_n of_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o place_n whither_o the_o removal_n be_v to_o be_v make_v as_o dean_n arch-deacon_n and_o other_o dignify_a person_n and_o church_n officer_n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o laity_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o the_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o great_a nobility_n who_o be_v in_o those_o day_n present_a in_o those_o assembly_n now_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v from_o these_o word_n of_o the_o doctor_n that_o even_o in_o his_o own_o supposition_n all_o city_n have_v not_o yet_o bishop_n seat_n annex_v to_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o word_n vrbibus_fw-la can_v mean_v bishop_n seat_n alone_o but_o any_o other_o great_a or_o wall_a to_n but_o the_o worst_a of_o it_o be_v it_o fall_v out_o very_o unlucky_o for_o the_o dr._n that_o this_o charter_n we_o now_o mention_v bear_v date_n a._n d._n 1075._o two_o year_n before_o this_o law_n for_o remove_v bishop_n see_v to_o city_n be_v make_v so_o that_o all_o his_o learned_a comment_n on_o that_o matter_n signify_v just_a nothing_o and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o doctor_n very_o rational_a conclusion_n which_o have_v no_o other_o ground_n than_o his_o own_o fancy_n to_o support_v they_o in_o the_o next_o place_n pray_v observe_v the_o dr._n own_v that_o by_o these_o principes_fw-la universi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la be_v mean_v the_o chief_a clergyman_n and_o nobility_n he_o there_o muster_v up_o but_o pass_v by_o or_o else_o do_v not_o consider_v the_o whole_a context_n of_o these_o word_n hii_fw-la autem_fw-la illo_fw-la tempori_fw-la diversis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la &_o vrbibus_fw-la ad_fw-la universalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la convocati_fw-la which_o must_v certain_o refer_v to_o the_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la to_o the_o chief_a and_o considerable_a man_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v alike_o summon_v from_o divers_a country_n and_o city_n and_o great_a town_n to_o this_o synod_n now_o pray_v do_v you_o or_o your_o dr._n tell_v i_o if_o he_o can_v what_o earl_n baron_n or_o great_a nobleman_n be_v then_o summon_v from_o city_n or_o great_a town_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o dean_n of_o cathedral_n which_o if_o you_o can_v do_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o we_o may_v not_o understand_v these_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o be_v also_o summon_v from_o the_o country_n and_o city_n for_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o those_o city_n and_o town_n at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o think_v the_o dr._n be_v as_o much_o out_o in_o his_o interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la for_o the_o cause_n of_o every_o cathedral_n church_n since_o it_o must_v certain_o mean_v not_o only_a cathedral_n church_n but_o all_o other_o church_n whether_o parochial_a or_o conventual_a for_o that_o it_o take_v in_o the_o latter_a appear_v by_o one_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o summon_n this_o council_n which_o be_v chief_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n which_o sure_o be_v no_o cathedral_n church_n and_o yet_o must_v be_v some_o church_n or_o ecclesiastical_a corporation_n or_o else_o this_o synod_n can_v have_v have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o it_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o this_o general_a
synod_n may_v if_o it_o have_v please_v have_v either_o make_v more_o parish_n church_n or_o unite_a other_o where_o there_o be_v many_o as_o we_o find_v be_v do_v in_o divers_a great_a council_n of_o this_o nature_n and_o shall_v it_o not_o then_o have_v be_v say_v to_o have_v meet_v pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la for_o the_o business_n of_o each_o parish_n as_o well_o as_o cathedral_n church_n last_o the_o dr._n will_v have_v all_o these_o great_a clergy_n 〈…〉_z layman_n only_o to_o meet_v at_o this_o council_n to_o advise_v the_o king_n about_o what_o far_a removal_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o bishop_n bee_n as_o if_o thereupon_o he_o have_v have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o make_v what_o law_n about_o they_o without_o their_o consent_n or_o that_o of_o the_o lay-nobility_n who_o though_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v always_o present_a in_o such_o synod_n and_o assembly_n yet_o do_v he_o not_o give_v they_o any_o vote_n therein_o whereas_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o charter_n in_o sulcardus_n but_o now_o cite_v that_o the_o bishop_n abbot_z earls_z and_o baron_n who_o name_n be_v to_o it_o consenserunt_fw-la &_o signaverunt_fw-la and_o it_o be_v ab_fw-la ipso_fw-la rage_n &_o supra_fw-la dictis_fw-la personis_fw-la testificata_fw-la consixmata_fw-la &_o auctoxiâ—ata_fw-la which_o if_o i_o understand_v latin_a signify_v not_o only_o that_o they_o witness_v but_o also_o assent_v to_o authorize_v and_o confirm_v it_o which_o also_o more_o plain_o appear_v more_o full_o by_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n stephens_n but_o now_o cite_v all_o which_o the_o dr._n pass_v by_o as_o sly_o as_o a_o commentator_n do_v those_o word_n in_o a_o text_n of_o scripture_n that_o make_v against_o his_o sense_n for_o this_o have_v quite_o ruin_v and_o destroy_v his_o fine_a notion_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n then_o whole_o consist_v of_o a_o few_o bishop_n abbot_n dignify_a clergyman_n and_o great_a nobleman_n who_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o do_v there_o but_o to_o look_v on_o whilst_o the_o king_n alone_o make_v the_o law_n to_o conclude_v to_o show_v you_o that_o this_o assembly_n be_v not_o only_o a_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n but_o civil_a council_n also_o or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o i_o will_v give_v you_o two_o good_a testimony_n for_o it_o that_o we_o be_v not_o alone_o in_o this_o opinion_n the_o first_o be_v from_o mr._n summoner_n glossary_a parliamentum_fw-la synodus_fw-la magna_fw-la voâ—atur_fw-la and_o to_o confirm_v this_o there_o be_v write_v in_o a_o old_a hand_n in_o the_o margin_n of_o this_o manuscript_n of_o sulcardus_n over_o against_o the_o passage_n now_o cite_v this_o note_n nota_fw-la hic_fw-la amnâ—s_fw-la comâ—rari_fw-la at_o rege_fw-la sua_fw-la auctoritate_fw-la ad_fw-la causas_fw-la religionis_fw-la tractandas_fw-la tam_fw-la nobitas_fw-la de_fw-la clero_fw-la quam_fw-la principes_fw-la regni_fw-la cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la inferioris_fw-la gradus_fw-la quorum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d videtur_fw-la essa_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la m._n yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o dr._n have_v plain_o prove_v from_o several_a quotation_n from_o gervas_n of_o canterbury_n rich._n of_o haâ—ulstad_n 302._o and_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o florence_n that_o the_o word_n prâ—â—iâ—â—ia_n in_o this_o place_n signify_v a_o bishop_n diocese_n and_o therefore_o that_o the_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o be_v summon_v out_o of_o those_o province_n or_o diocese_n be_v only_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o great_a clergyman_n fâ—punc_fw-la i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o this_o word_n provincia_n do_v sometime_o in_o our_o ancient_a author_n signify_v in_o a_o ecclesiastical_a sense_n the_o diocese_n of_o a_o bishop_n we_o these_o author_n the_o dr._n have_v here_o cite_v show_v we_o yet_o that_o it_o must_v be_v take_v in_o a_o more_o unlimited_a signification_n in_o this_o place_n be_v also_o as_o certain_a since_o beside_o that_o this_o word_n provinâ—sia_n do_v most_o common_o signifiâ—_n a_o shire_n or_o county_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v the_o very_a context_n sufficient_o prove_v it_o since_o bulcardus_fw-la say_v express_o that_o the_o chief_a person_n of_o both_o order_n be_v summon_v from_o the_o county_n or_o province_n as_o i_o already_o say_v which_o when_o it_o refer_v to_o layman_n we_o well_o as_o to_o the_o clergy_n i_o hope_v you_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o it_o can_v signify_v diocese_n only_o but_o that_o beside_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n there_o be_v a_o great_a 〈◊〉_d more_o person_n prosess_v at_o this_o council_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n the_o dr._n himself_o confess_v let_v we_o therefore_o consult_v the_o author_n themselves_o which_o dr._n brady_n have_v cite_v for_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n provincia_n and_o let_v we_o see_v how_o fair_o he_o have_v deal_v with_o they_o now_o pray_v sir_n observe_v it_o be_v true_a the_o same_o word_n be_v almost_o repeat_v verbatim_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o historian_n ibid._n r._n hagulstad_n gervas_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o continuation_n of_o florence_n who_o all_o speak_v of_o a_o general_n synod_n hold_v at_o westminster_n a._n d._n 1138_o be_v the_o three_o of_o king_n stephen_n in_o those_o word_n decima_fw-la tertiâ—_n die_v decembrie_n celebraetae_fw-la est_fw-la synodus_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonaâ—â—_n cui_fw-la praesuâ—_n albericus_fw-la hostleâ—sit_fw-la episcopus_fw-la domini_fw-la papae_fw-la legatus_fw-la cum_fw-la episâ—opis_fw-la diversarum_fw-la proviâ—oiarum_fw-la numero_fw-la xvii_o abbatibus_fw-la sere_a xxx_o here_o the_o dr._n conclude_v with_o a_o etc._n etc._n now_o see_v what_o lie_v hide_v under_o this_o etc._n etc._n in_o r._n of_o hagulâ—â—ad_n and_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o florence_n it_o follow_v thus_o cum_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n multitudine_fw-la numerosa_fw-la in_o gervase_n of_o 〈◊〉_d almost_o in_o the_o same_o word_n cum_fw-la innumera_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n multitudine_fw-la now_o pray_v tell_v i_o ingenuous_o what_o can_v be_v the_o doctor_n meaning_n who_o pretend_v to_o be_v so_o exact_a in_o all_o his_o quotation_n to_o leave_v out_o this_o so_o material_a a_o passage_n in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o author_n with_o this_o etc._n etc._n unless_o it_o be_v that_o he_o be_v afraid_a his_o reader_n shall_v take_v notice_n how_o numerous_a this_o council_n be_v both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n which_o if_o he_o have_v do_v it_o will_v have_v quite_o overthrow_v and_o destroy_v his_o notion_n of_o tenanâ—â—_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o let_v the_o world_n have_v know_v that_o this_o council_n consist_v of_o a_o far_o great_a number_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n than_o 17_o bishop_n and_o 30_o abbot_n now_o have_v such_o a_o thing_n be_v do_v by_o mr._n petyt_n it_o will_v have_v be_v brand_v by_o the_o dr._n with_o the_o hard_a term_n of_o take_v away_o or_o leave_v unrecited_a such_o word_n and_o matter_n as_o he_o think_v will_v either_o advance_v or_o destroy_v his_o assertion_n as_o he_o how_o just_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o you_o to_o judge_v accuse_v mr._n p._n in_o his_o title_n to_o his_o first_o edition_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o he_o but_o turpe_fw-la est_fw-la doctori_fw-la cum_fw-la culpa_fw-la redarguit_fw-la ipsum_fw-la m._n i_o can_v believe_v the_o dr._n have_v any_o sinister_a meaning_n in_o leave_v out_o this_o passage_n but_o do_v it_o either_o because_o as_o i_o say_v but_o now_o he_o suppose_v these_o expression_n as_o only_o hyperbolical_a phrase_n by_o which_o these_o monkish_a writer_n use_v to_o express_v all_o the_o ecclesiastical_a or_o lay-member_n of_o those_o council_n or_o else_o because_o he_o do_v not_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n since_o he_o may_v not_o look_v upon_o this_o innumerable_a company_n of_o clergy_n and_o people_n here_o mention_v to_o have_v have_v any_o share_n or_o voice_n in_o this_o great_a council_n but_o only_o to_o have_v come_v thither_o as_o idle_a spectator_n 30._o aâ—_n the_o dr._n show_v we_o the_o populus_fw-la do_v at_o the_o make_n of_o lanfrane_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n nor_o yet_o that_o they_o or_o the_o bishop_n and_o nobleman_n choose_v he_o but_o only_o all_o applaud_v the_o king_n choice_n but_o that_o the_o dr._n be_v not_o afraid_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o great_a multitude_n of_o people_n that_o in_o those_o hospitable_a day_n be_v wont_a to_o flock_v to_o such_o assembly_n pray_v see_v what_o he_o say_v in_o his_o series_n of_o english_a great_a council_n or_o parliament_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o introduction_n to_o english_a history_n where_o speak_v of_o the_o election_n of_o archbishop_n anselm_n 54._o he_o recite_v this_o passage_n out_o of_o a_o epistle_n in_o eadmerus_n huiâ—_n electioni_fw-la assueruns_fw-la episcopâ—_n abbates_n &_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o ingens_fw-la populi_n multitude_n the_o ordinary_a people_n say_v the_o dr._n come_v to_o shout_n and_o make_v a_o noise_n at_o such_o meeting_n and_o only_o for_o good_a victual_n and_o
of_o their_o and_o succeed_a time_n have_v ever_o hear_v any_o thing_n of_o dr._n brady_n annus_fw-la mirabilis_fw-la or_o 49th_o of_o henry_n 3d._n which_o be_v but_o 43_o year_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n 2._o his_o grandchild_n and_o little_a above_o 60_o year_n before_o that_o of_o edward_n his_o great_a grandson_n m._n well_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o whosoever_o will_v reflect_v upon_o what_o the_o doctor_n have_v write_v may_v suspect_v that_o the_o judge_n nay_o parliament_n be_v very_o ignorant_a in_o the_o history_n of_o this_o nation_n 13._o or_o that_o they_o speak_v out_o of_o design_n and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a argument_n that_o the_o lawyer_n study_v and_o know_v only_o popular_a and_o lucrative_a law_n and_o not_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o nation_n before_o their_o own_o time_n and_o though_o i_o must_v confess_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v may_v seem_v to_o i_o to_o carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o yet_o since_o i_o do_v not_o easy_o change_v my_o opinion_n upon_o the_o first_o hear_v of_o a_o new_a argument_n or_o authority_n give_v leave_v better_a to_o consider_v what_o you_o have_v say_v but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n since_o you_o have_v now_o mention_v the_o german_a diet_n pray_v sir_n before_o we_o leave_v off_o show_v i_o what_o you_o undertake_v to_o prove_v at_o the_o first_o entrance_n on_o this_o subject_a viz._n that_o in_o all_o the_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n in_o europe_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o german_n and_o goth_n there_o be_v find_v representative_n for_o the_o plebeian_n or_o commons_o distinct_a from_o the_o clergy_n and_o great_a and_o lesser_a nobility_n f._n i_o ready_o agree_v to_o your_o desire_n but_o since_o my_o own_o note_n concern_v this_o matter_n be_v very_o long_o and_o that_o i_o have_v they_o not_o about_o i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o dr._n heylin_n a_o author_n you_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o look_v upon_o aâ—_n partial_a since_o he_o be_v not_o only_o remarkable_a for_o his_o great_a skill_n in_o history_n but_o also_o as_o be_v a_o great_a friend_n and_o disciple_n to_o sir_n robert_n â—ilmer_n in_o politic_n be_v a_o vehement_a assertor_n of_o absolute_a monarchy_n and_o a_o utter_a enemy_n to_o the_o power_n of_o parliament_n yet_o this_o very_a person_n in_o his_o treatise_n call_v the_o stumble_v of_o disobedience_n and_o rebellion_n etc._n etc._n print_v 1658._o in_o his_o 5_o chapter_n i_o have_v already_o quote_v for_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v ancient_o a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o kingdom_n prove_v the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n to_o have_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o the_o christian_a kingdom_n on_o this_o side_n of_o europe_n he_o run_v through_o they_o all_o begin_v with_o germany_n which_o i_o shall_v contract_v because_o he_o there_o say_v a_o great_a many_o other_o thing_n not_o so_o material_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n and_o first_o beginning_n as_o of_o right_n with_o the_o german_a empire_n thuanus_n give_v this_o note_n in_o general_n 2._o imperium_fw-la in_o tria_fw-la omnino_fw-la membra_fw-la dividitur_fw-la that_o the_o empire_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o estate_n over_o all_o which_o the_o emperor_n be_v the_o head_n or_o supreme_a prince_n of_o these_o the_o first_o estate_n be_v ex_fw-la sacro_fw-la ordine_fw-la of_o the_o holy_a hierarchy_n compose_v of_o the_o three_o spiritual_a elector_n together_o with_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n and_o bishop_n and_o many_o abbot_n prior_n and_o other_o prelate_n the_o second_o be_v of_o the_o nobility_n consist_v of_o the_o three_o temporal_a elector_n the_o duke_n marquess_n lanâ—graves_n bâ—tgraves_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o determinate_a number_n the_o emperor_n have_v power_n to_o add_v daily_o to_o they_o as_o he_o see_v occasion_n the_o three_o estate_n be_v of_o the_o free_a or_o imperial_a city_n in_o number_n sixty_o or_o thereabouts_o who_o represent_v themselves_o at_o the_o general_n diâ—ts_v by_o such_o commissioner_n or_o deputy_n as_o be_v authorize_v to_o that_o purpose_n next_o pass_v we_o over_o into_o france_n and_o there_o we_o find_v the_o subject_n marshal_v into_o three_o estate_n whereof_o the_o clergy_n be_v the_o first_o rex_fw-la coactis_fw-la tribus_fw-la ordinibas_n sacerdotio_fw-la nobilitate_fw-la plebe_n subsidia_fw-la rei_fw-la pecuniariae_fw-la petiit_fw-la so_o paulus_n aemilius_n do_v inform_v we_o out_o of_o these_o three_o be_v choose_v certain_a delegate_n or_o commissioner_n some_o for_o each_o estate_n as_o often_o as_o the_o king_n occasion_n do_v require_v their_o meeting_n the_o time_n and_o place_n whereof_o be_v absolute_o leave_v unto_o his_o dispose_n and_o these_o thus_o i_o do_v make_v up_o the_o conventus_fw-la ordinum_fw-la or_o l'_fw-mi assembly_n des_fw-fr estate_n as_o the_o french_a man_n call_v it_o in_o form_n much_o like_o the_o english_a parliament_n and_o of_o the_o meeting_n of_o these_o three_o estate_n not_o only_o this_o author_n but_o all_o the_o other_o french_a historian_n and_o in_o particular_a phil._n the_o commine_v make_v frequent_a mention_n pass_v we_o next_o over_o the_o pyrenâ—â—s_n to_o the_o realm_n of_o spain_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v in_o each_o the_o same_o three_o estate_n who_o meeting_n they_o call_v there_o by_o the_o name_n of_o curia_n 3._o the_o court_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o way_n of_o eminency_n consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n the_o nobility_n and_o the_o commisioner_n of_o the_o province_n and_o most_o ancient_a city_n for_o proof_n of_o which_o we_o need_v but_o look_v into_o the_o general_n history_n of_o spain_n translate_v out_o of_o french_a by_o grimston_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v a_o court_n of_o parliament_n for_o the_o realm_n of_o arragon_n consist_v of_o the_o bishop_n nobles_z and_o deputy_n of_o town_n and_o commonalty_n have_v place_n in_o the_o say_a estate_n convene_v by_o k._n james_n at_o saragassa_n anno_fw-la 1325._o for_o settle_v the_o succession_n 14._o and_o declare_v the_o right_a heir_n also_o for_o castille_n we_o find_v a_o parliament_n of_o lord_n prelate_n and_o deputy_n of_o town_n summon_v at_o toledo_n by_o alfonso_n the_o noble_a anno_fw-la 1210._o upon_o occasion_n of_o a_o invasion_n make_v by_o the_o moor_n 10._o another_o before_o that_o at_o burgos_n under_o the_o same_o king_n anno_fw-la 1179._o for_o levy_v of_o money_n on_o the_o people_n to_o maintain_v the_o war_n also_o that_o great_a convention_n of_o the_o state_n hold_v at_o toledo_n by_o ferdinand_n the_o catholic_n 1479._o for_o swear_v to_o the_o succession_n of_o his_o son_n don_n john_n lib._n in_o which_o the_o prelate_n the_o nobility_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o town_n and_o city_n which_o send_v commissioner_n to_o the_o assemblâ—_n be_v express_o name_v thus_o final_o do_v we_o find_v a_o meeting_n of_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o navarre_n at_o the_o town_n of_o tosalla_n anno_fw-la 1481._o for_o preserve_v the_o kingdom_n in_o obedience_n to_o king_n francis_n plâ—eoâ—s_v be_v then_o a_o minor_a under_o age_n 22._o and_o for_o portugal_n that_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n province_n and_o good_a town_n of_o portugal_n assemble_v at_o tomaâ—a_n anno_fw-la 15â—1_n to_o acknowledge_v philip_n the_o second_o for_o their_o king_n 30._o and_o to_o settle_v the_o government_n of_o that_o kingdom_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v now_o let_v we_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n and_o still_o we_o find_v the_o people_n rank_v in_o the_o self_n same_o manner_n and_o their_o great_a counsel_n to_o consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n the_o nobility_n and_o certain_a deputy_n send_v from_o the_o province_n and_o city_n as_o in_o those_o before_o in_o hungary_n before_o that_o realm_n receive_v the_o gospel_n 1._o we_o read_v of_o none_o but_o nobiles_fw-la &_o plebeii_fw-la the_o nobility_n and_o common_a people_n who_o do_v concur_v to_o the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n but_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n admit_v and_o a_o clergy_n institute_v but_o instant_o we_o find_v a_o three_o estate_n episcopos_fw-la &_o sacerdotum_fw-la collegia_fw-la 3._o bishop_n and_o other_o of_o the_o clergy_n super_fw-la add_v to_o they_o for_o the_o election_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o dispatch_n of_o other_o business_n which_o concern_v the_o public_a as_o it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n in_o danemark_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o same_o if_o we_o mark_v it_o well_o for_o though_o pontanus_n seem_v to_o count_v upon_o five_o estate_n make_v the_o regal_a family_n to_o be_v the_o first_o 7._o and_o subdivide_v the_o commons_o into_o two_o whereof_o the_o yeomanry_n make_v one_o and_o the_o trade_n man_n or_o citizen_n the_o other_o yet_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o history_n we_o find_v only_o three_o which_o
be_v the_o bishop_n the_o nobility_n and_o civitatum_fw-la delegati_fw-la the_o deputy_n or_o commissioner_n of_o town_n and_o city_n for_o sweden_n it_o come_v near_o the_o government_n and_o form_n of_o danemark_n and_o have_v the_o same_o estate_n and_o degree_n of_o people_n as_o among_o the_o dane_n that_o be_v to_o say_v proceres_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n episcopi_fw-la &_o ecclesiastici_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n civitates_fw-la &_o vniversitates_fw-la the_o city_n and_o town_n corporate_a for_o so_o i_o think_v he_o mean_v by_o vniversitates_fw-la as_o tâ—uanus_n muster_v they_o 131._o to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v though_o here_o omit_v by_o this_o author_n the_o delegate_n of_o the_o rustic_n or_o husbandman_n who_o make_v a_o four_o estate_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o in_o this_o realm_n the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n enjoy_v the_o place_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n notwithstanding_o the_o alteration_n of_o religion_n to_o this_o very_a day_n the_o bishop_n in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o clergy_n out_o of_o every_o sochen_n a_o division_n like_o our_o rural_a deanery_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o rest_n have_v a_o necessary_a vote_n in_o all_o their_o parliament_n and_n this_v swedish_n great_a council_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o it_o come_v very_o near_o our_o constitution_n in_o england_n in_o which_o i_o prove_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o the_o commons_o not_o except_v the_o mean_a freeholder_n ancient_o have_v their_o representative_n so_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o strange_a thing_n that_o can_v have_v be_v observe_v in_o all_o the_o political_a constitution_n on_o this_o side_n of_o europe_n if_o that_o of_o england_n though_o descend_v from_o the_o same_o gothick_n original_a and_o found_v according_a to_o the_o same_o model_n shall_v have_v have_v no_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o or_o plebian_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o dr._n here_o conclude_v with_o scotland_n and_o england_n the_o former_a of_o which_o since_o you_o agree_v to_o have_v have_v from_o all_o time_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n i_o need_v not_o repeat_v what_o be_v there_o since_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o you_o yourself_o have_v grant_v and_o as_o for_o england_n he_o own_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o passage_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v out_o of_o this_o chapter_n 193._o that_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n be_v call_v to_o a_o parliament_n hold_v under_o henry_n the_o ad_fw-la at_o clerkâ—nwell_n m_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o there_o be_v representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n of_o all_o those_o kingdom_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v out_o of_o dr._n heylins_n treatise_n yet_o whether_o they_o be_v there_o from_o the_o very_a first_o institution_n of_o those_o government_n be_v much_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o since_o i_o have_v not_o now_o leisure_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o original_a of_o all_o these_o kingdom_n nor_o at_o what_o time_n each_o state_n begin_v to_o come_v to_o these_o great_a council_n give_v i_o leave_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o remark_n that_o all_o these_o kingdom_n except_o sweden_n come_v near_o to_o that_o constitution_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v ancient_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o also_o other_o kingdom_n where_o feudatory_a tenor_n be_v observe_v and_o consequent_o none_o but_o the_o chief_a lord_n or_o baron_n by_o knight_n service_n 96._o and_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o all_o those_o foreign_a council_n or_o dyeâ—s_n etc._n etc._n at_o first_o be_v all_o the_o same_o as_o consist_v of_o emperor_n or_o king_n with_o their_o earl_n and_o baron_n bishop_n and_o great_a officer_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o all_o the_o old_a german_a and_o french_a author_n and_o since_o city_n send_v deputy_n in_o germany_n and_o italy_n 126._o they_o be_v only_o from_o imperial_a city_n the_o like_a i_o believe_v will_v be_v find_v in_o france_n and_o those_o other_o kingdom_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v but_o you_o can_v show_v i_o unless_o in_o sweden_n any_o representative_n elect_v by_o the_o common_a people_n or_o rustic_n distinct_a from_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n like_o our_o knight_n of_o shire_n in_o england_n so_o that_o i_o still_o doubt_v whether_o all_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o other_o nobility_n that_o appear_v in_o the_o council_n of_o these_o kingdom_n be_v not_o all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o other_o f._n that_o this_o be_v a_o mere_a surmise_n of_o you_o i_o think_v i_o can_v easy_o prove_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o clergy_n who_o still_o make_v the_o first_o estate_n in_o all_o these_o kingdom_n nothing_o be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o they_o never_o any_o of_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o 〈◊〉_d in_o their_o great_a council_n by_o that_o tenure_n that_o institution_n be_v for_o aught_o as_o i_o know_v peculiar_a to_o england_n and_o introduce_v by_o your_o conqueror_n as_o you_o yourself_o acknowledge_v and_o as_o for_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n you_o will_v find_v that_o in_o france_n not_o only_o those_o nobleman_n that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o military_a service_n but_o those_o who_o hold_v in_o libero_fw-la alodio_n without_o any_o such_o service_n at_o all_o have_v place_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o deputy_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n so_o likewise_o for_o the_o city_n and_o town_n that_o send_v deputy_n to_o it_o i_o believe_v you_o will_v not_o find_v that_o any_o of_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o to_o come_v to_o germany_n you_o be_v likewise_o as_o much_o mistake_v in_o fancy_v that_o all_o the_o imperial_a city_n be_v subject_a immediate_o to_o the_o emperor_n before_o they_o become_v so_o for_o hamburgh_n and_o lubec_n be_v subject_a to_o their_o own_o prince_n the_o former_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o sleswic_n and_o the_o latter_a to_o earl_n of_o its_o own_o till_o at_o last_o they_o either_o purchase_v their_o liberty_n they_o enjoy_v from_o their_o prince_n or_o else_o cast_v they_o off_o and_o be_v after_o receive_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o diet_n by_o the_o bull_n or_o charter_n of_o several_a emperor_n 30._o and_o so_o likewise_o brunswick_n be_v always_o a_o fâ—â—e_a city_n till_o it_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o empire_n by_o its_o own_o consent_n i_o can_v show_v you_o the_o like_a of_o several_a other_o city_n now_o call_v imperial_a who_o hold_v ancient_o not_o of_o the_o emperor_n but_o either_o of_o their_o own_o earl_n or_o bishop_n though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v the_o charter_n of_o the_o emperor_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n that_o give_v they_o a_o place_n in_o those_o assembly_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o these_o kingdom_n the_o mere_a rustic_n or_o paisant_n have_v no_o representative_n in_o their_o great_a council_n yet_o this_o make_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o case_n if_o you_o please_v to_o consider_v it_o for_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v the_o only_a true_a and_o proper_a owner_n of_o the_o land_n of_o those_o kingdom_n all_o the_o rustic_n or_o paisant_n be_v mere_a vassal_n and_o in_o france_n almost_o slave_n to_o their_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n who_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v have_v all_o alike_a vote_n in_o their_o assembly_n of_o estate_n as_o well_o those_o who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a by_o knight_n service_n as_o those_o that_o do_v not_o whereas_o it_o be_v always_o far_o otherwise_o in_o england_n where_o the_o mean_a freeholder_n be_v always_o as_o free_a as_o to_o his_o person_n and_o estate_n as_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o who_o he_o hold_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o have_v have_v from_o all_o time_n those_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o yeoman_n so_o peculiar_a to_o england_n as_o fortiscut_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la take_v notice_n who_o if_o they_o live_v on_o their_o own_o land_n have_v no_o more_o dependence_n on_o the_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n than_o they_o have_v now_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o these_o shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o have_v most_o of_o they_o a_o far_o less_o share_n in_o the_o riches_n and_o real_a estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n second_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n except_o
england_n and_o scotland_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n in_o point_n of_o privilege_n as_o to_o be_v tax_v or_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n between_o the_o high_a nobility_n such_o as_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n marquess_n and_o count_n and_o simple_a gentleman_n whereas_o in_o england_n it_o have_v be_v always_o otherwise_o at_o least_o since_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n have_v by_o 〈◊〉_d tenor_n place_n as_o lord_n or_o peer_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o make_v a_o distinct_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n whereas_o in_o other_o country_n the_o high_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v reckon_v as_o all_o one_o estate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n or_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v be_v as_o very_a vassal_n as_o to_o their_o estate_n to_o the_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o boor_n in_o germany_n or_o the_o paisant_n in_o france_n be_v to_o their_o lord_n by_o who_o they_o be_v tax_v aâ—_n their_o pleasure_n which_o they_o never_o be_v in_o england_n as_o we_o can_v find_v either_o from_o history_n or_o record_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v the_o municipal_a law_n of_o each_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n that_o must_v determine_v what_o be_v the_o govern_v part_n of_o the_o people_n in_o those_o country_n yet_o though_o that_o be_v not_o absolute_o the_o same_o in_o all_o of_o they_o as_o it_o be_v in_o england_n yet_o we_o find_v it_o so_o in_o the_o main_a and_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n do_v sufficient_o assert_v the_o right_n of_o the_o plebian_n or_o common_a people_n who_o make_v the_o 3d_o estate_n in_o those_o great_a council_n but_o i_o must_v here_o except_v sweden_n in_o which_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o mere_a rustic_n or_o boor_n have_v always_o their_o own_o deputy_n in_o their_o diet_n as_o well_o as_o the_o city_n and_o town_n and_o if_o sweden_n have_v this_o privilege_n i_o can_v see_v why_o the_o english_a gentry_n and_o yeomanry_n who_o make_v but_o one_o body_n of_o commons_o may_v not_o have_v have_v the_o like_a till_o you_o can_v show_v i_o more_o sufficient_a proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n m_o well_o siâ—_n i_o shall_v consider_v of_o what_o you_o say_v but_o since_o it_o grow_v late_a that_o we_o may_v wind_v up_o this_o conversation_n as_o fast_o as_o we_o can_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o though_o i_o shall_v admit_v all_o that_o you_o have_v hitherto_o aver_v for_o truth_n and_o that_o we_o shall_v grant_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v as_o ancient_a a_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o any_o of_o the_o other_o two_o what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o main_a point_n in_o question_n between_o we_o viz_o that_o of_o nonresistance_a of_o the_o king_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o or_o how_o can_v you_o justsfie_v those_o of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n and_o contribute_v so_o much_o as_o they_o have_v do_v to_o the_o drive_v he_o away_o and_o in_o bring_v thing_n to_o this_o confusion_n they_o be_v now_o in_o since_o let_v your_o constitution_n of_o great_a council_n and_o parliament_n be_v never_o so_o ancient_a let_v we_o also_o for_o once_o suppose_v they_o as_o you_o do_v to_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o the_o nation_n yet_o how_o can_v this_o authorise_v they_o much_o less_o any_o private_a person_n out_o of_o parliament_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o since_o the_o whole_a current_n both_o of_o common_a as_o well_o as_o statute-law_n run_v direct_o against_o you_o and_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n assert_v that_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o militia_n or_o military_a force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v even_o so_o absolute_o in_o the_o king_n power_n and_o at_o his_o disposal_n that_o no_o man_n can_v without_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n take_v up_o arm_n whether_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a without_o his_o commission_n to_o authorise_v he_o to_o do_v it_o so_o that_o no_o government_n in_o the_o world_n be_v more_o averse_a to_o all_o forcible_a resistance_n than_o our_o own_o the_o king_n have_v be_v even_o from_o your_o time_n beyond_o memory_n so_o full_o possess_v of_o the_o whole_a militia_n or_o power_n of_o raise_v offensive_a or_o defensive_a arm_n in_o this_o kingdom_n that_o it_o be_v express_o forbid_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o seven_o ed._n i._o against_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o treatise_n with_o force_n of_o arm_n in_o which_o the_o king_n set_v forth_o that_o in_o the_o last_o parliament_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commonalry_n in_o latin_a communitas_fw-la or_o body_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v say_v that_o to_o we_o i_o e._n to_o the_o king_n it_o belong_v and_o our_o part_n it_o be_v through_o our_o royal_a seigneury_n to_o defend_v that_o be_v in_o old_a french_a to_o forbid_v force_v of_o armour_n and_o all_o other_o force_n against_o our_o peace_n at_o all_o time_n when_o it_o shall_v please_v we_o and_o to_o punish_v they_o according_a to_o our_o law_n and_o usage_n of_o our_o realm_n and_o hereunto_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o aid_v we_o as_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n as_o oft_o as_o need_v shall_v be_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o forbid_v all_o manner_n of_o arm_n or_o arm_a force_n within_o the_o realm_n so_o that_o no_o man_n can_v lawful_o arm_v himself_o without_o his_o authority_n and_o this_o be_v further_a confirm_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o ed._n the_o three_o concern_v treason_n wherein_o it_o be_v declare_v without_o any_o except_a case_n to_o the_o contrary_a that_o to_o levy_v war_n against_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n in_o this_o realm_n or_o to_o be_v adherent_a to_o the_o king_n enemy_n in_o his_o realm_n give_v they_o aid_n or_o comfort_n in_o the_o realm_n or_o elsewhere_o be_v treason_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o this_o statute_n say_v thus_o that_o this_o be_v high_a treason_n before_o by_o the_o common_a law_n for_o no_o subject_n can_v levy_v war_n within_o the_o realm_n without_o authority_n from_o the_o king_n and_o if_o any_o man_n levy_n war_n to_o expulse_v stranger_n to_o deliver_v man_n out_o of_o prison_n to_o remove_v wicked_a councillor_n or_o against_o any_o statute_n or_o to_o any_o other_o end_n pretend_v reformation_n on_o their_o own_o head_n without_o warrant_n this_o be_v levy_v of_o war_n against_o the_o king_n because_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o royal_a authority_n from_o which_o statute_n as_o also_o from_o your_o own_o oracle_n sir_n ed._n coke_n be_v interpretation_n of_o it_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_a treason_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n person_n but_o to_o take_v arm_n to_o make_v any_o reformation_n or_o alteration_n in_o church_n or_o state_n without_o the_o king_n authority_n nor_o can_v any_o subject_n of_o england_n justify_v the_o take_a arm_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o king_n commission_n and_o therefore_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n in_o the_o case_n of_o dr._n story_n report_n who_o be_v execute_v for_o treason_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v with_o one_o consent_n agree_v that_o the_o very_a consultation_n concern_v make_v war_n against_o the_o queen_n shall_v be_v interpret_v a_o make_v war_n against_o her_o person_n and_o suppose_v a_o design_n against_o her_o life_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o by_o the_o ancient_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a law_n of_o england_n all_o defensive_a as_o well_o as_o offensive_a arm_n be_v express_o forbid_v and_o condemn_v f._n i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v out_o notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o all_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o â—im_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v treason_n as_o you_o suppose_v that_o it_o be_v every_o man_n duty_n to_o oppose_v he_o in_o case_n he_o go_v about_o to_o set_v up_o instead_o of_o a_o legal_a monarchy_n a_o tyrannical_a arbitrary_a power_n in_o this_o nation_n since_o this_o be_v but_o to_o preserve_v the_o original_a constitution_n of_o parliament_n which_o in_o some_o case_n can_v be_v maintain_v without_o such_o a_o resistance_n be_v allow_v but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o our_o statute_n as_o for_o the_o first_o you_o urge_v
the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n i_o have_v now_o instance_a in_o but_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o other_o kingdom_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n in_o which_o there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v many_o more_o instance_n of_o the_o deposition_n of_o their_o king_n thaâ—_n what_o be_v in_o the_o west_n saxon_a kingdom_n &_o this_o waâ—_n then_o very_o just_a and_o necessary_a since_o these_o kingdom_n be_v all_o elective_a and_o none_o of_o they_o hereditary_a and_o that_o the_o general_a meeting_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v always_o at_o set_n and_o constant_a time_n and_o do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n either_o to_o call_v or_o dissolve_v they_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o that_o this_o power_n be_v no_o unusual_a thing_n i_o appeal_v to_o all_o the_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o europe_n found_v after_o the_o same_o model_n as_o we_o and_o which_o i_o mention_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v so_o that_o nothing_o be_v more_o frequent_a in_o their_o history_n and_o annal_n than_o the_o depose_v of_o their_o king_n for_o the_o abovementioned_a crime_n of_o tyranny_n or_o misgovernment_n but_o that_o some_o of_o these_o gothick_n kingdom_n as_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n whilst_o they_o continue_v elective_a have_v exercise_v this_o power_n even_o till_o of_o late_a be_v so_o notorious_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o it_o need_v no_o proof_n since_o the_o king_n of_o those_o kingdom_n hold_v their_o crown_n at_o this_o day_n by_o that_o title_n and_o on_o those_o condition_n which_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n give_v they_o after_o the_o deposition_n of_o their_o predecessor_n but_o though_o this_o be_v so_o ancient_o also_o in_o england_n it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v be_v so_o now_o for_o since_o the_o crown_n of_o this_o kingdom_n become_v hereditary_a and_o that_o the_o call_v and_o dissolve_v of_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n come_v to_o depend_v whole_o upon_o the_o king_n will_n i_o must_v allow_v that_o the_o case_n be_v quite_o alter_v and_o that_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n have_v now_o no_o power_n to_o depose_v the_o king_n for_o any_o tyranny_n or_o misgovernment_n whatsoever_o the_o first_o parliament_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o in_o the_o act_n for_o attaint_v the_o regicide_n have_v actual_o disclaim_v all_o coercive_a power_n over_o the_o king_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n may_v still_o have_v a_o good_a and_o sufficient_a right_o leave_v they_o of_o defend_v their_o life_n religion_n and_o liberty_n against_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o in_o case_n of_o a_o general_a and_o universal_a breach_n and_o invasion_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o original_a contract_n if_o you_o will_v call_v it_o so_o and_o not_o to_o lay_v down_o those_o defensive_a arm_n till_o their_o say_a just_a right_n and_o liberty_n be_v again_o restore_v and_o sufficient_o secure_v to_o they_o so_o that_o though_o i_o will_v not_o bring_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n as_o a_o precedent_n for_o the_o parliament_n depose_v of_o the_o king_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o may_v make_v use_n of_o it_o thus_o far_o that_o this_o nation_n have_v ever_o exercise_v this_o necessary_a right_n of_o defend_v their_o liberty_n and_o property_n when_o invade_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o minister_n either_o by_o colour_n of_o law_n or_o open_a force_n and_o that_o this_o have_v be_v the_o constant_a practice_n from_o almost_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n down_o to_o late_a age_n i_o think_v i_o can_v make_v out_o from_o sufficient_a authority_n both_o from_o history_n and_o record_n m._n though_o your_o doctrine_n be_v not_o so_o bad_a as_o i_o expect_v yet_o it_o be_v still_o bad_a enough_o and_o i_o never_o know_v this_o right_n of_o resistance_n carry_v home_o but_o that_o it_o always_o end_v in_o depose_v and_o murder_v of_o the_o king_n at_o the_o last_o as_o we_o have_v see_v in_o our_o own_o time_n but_o let_v the_o constant_a practice_n have_v be_v as_o it_o will_v i_o be_o sure_a such_o resistance_n have_v be_v always_o condemn_v by_o our_o ancient_n common_a law_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a statute_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v far_o to_o you_o by_o and_o by_o and_o therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o never_o so_o constant_a practice_n of_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n can_v no_o more_o justify_v the_o do_n of_o it_o than_o that_o constant_a usage_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n for_o thief_n to_o rob_v between_o london_n and_o st._n alban_n not_o that_o i_o fore-judge_n you_o or_o refuse_v to_o hear_v any_o instance_n and_o authority_n from_o history_n or_o record_n to_o make_v good_a your_o assertion_n f._n i_o thank_v you_o for_o your_o patience_n what_o therefore_o if_o i_o prove_v that_o such_o resistance_n have_v be_v not_o only_o actual_o exercise_v by_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n in_o former_a age_n but_o that_o it_o have_v be_v also_o allow_v by_o our_o king_n and_o approve_v of_o by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o those_o time_n for_o lawful_a and_o the_o actor_n in_o it_o whole_o indemnify_v and_o save_v harmless_a nay_o a_o power_n give_v they_o and_o that_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o to_o resist_v he_o and_o defend_v themselves_o in_o case_n he_o break_v his_o charter_n and_o agreement_n make_v to_o and_o with_o his_o nobility_n and_o people_n or_o else_o with_o some_o foreign_a prince_n may_v appear_v from_o this_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o king_n henry_n two_o at_o the_o end_n of_o who_o reign_n hoveden_n in_o his_o annal_n poster_n give_v we_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o peace_n make_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o this_o king_n between_o he_o and_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n where_o among_o other_o article_n you_o will_v find_v this_o for_o one_o particular_o relate_v to_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n who_o be_v also_o to_o swear_v to_o the_o peace_n in_o these_o term_n et_fw-la omnes_fw-la barones_n angliae_fw-la jurabunt_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la noluerit_fw-la have_v conditiones_n tenere_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la tenebunt_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la francia_fw-la &_o comite_fw-la richardo_n &_o choose_fw-la adjâ—vabunt_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la contra_fw-la regeâ—_n angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n whence_o we_o may_v without_o doubt_n conclude_v that_o the_o resistance_n of_o subject_n in_o some_o case_n against_o their_o king_n be_v then_o allow_v of_o even_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o think_v not_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o allegiance_n they_o bear_v he_o though_o it_o may_v suspend_v it_o for_o a_o time_n m._n i_o confess_v this_o instance_n will_v be_v of_o some_o weight_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o critical_a time_n when_o this_o peace_n be_v make_v viz._n when_o richard_n earl_n of_o 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n have_v rebel_v against_o his_o father_n and_o take_v part_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o have_v draw_v over_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o norman_a and_o pictavian_n and_o english_a baron_n to_o his_o party_n which_o when_o king_n henry_n perceive_v this_o very_a author_n you_o have_v quote_v here_o tell_v you_o quod_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o arcto_fw-la positus_fw-la pacem_fw-la fecit_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la philippo_n that_o be_v be_v constrain_v to_o make_v peace_n with_o he_o so_o that_o king_n henry_n be_v in_o this_o straight_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o earl_n richard_n with_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o party_n force_a king_n henry_n to_o sign_n what_o condition_n they_o please_v for_o there_o it_o no_o such_o clause_n so_o much_o as_o mention_v for_o the_o french_a baron_n but_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o it_o be_v but_o a_o temporary_a relaxation_n of_o allegiance_n from_o king_n henry_n to_o his_o baron_n and_o the_o king_n may_v sure_o thus_o release_v they_o if_o he_o please_v but_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o can_v not_o have_v act_v thus_o without_o this_o condition_n have_v be_v express_o infer_v f._n well_o suppose_v king_n henry_n to_o have_v be_v never_o so_o much_o constrain_v to_o the_o make_n of_o these_o condition_n and_o that_o it_o be_v his_o own_o act_n that_o render_v it_o lawful_a it_o still_o prove_v as_o much_o as_o i_o urge_v it_o for_o viz._n that_o neither_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o england_n then_o think_v this_o resistance_n absolute_o unlawful_a for_o then_o the_o king_n be_v own_o act_n can_v never_o have_v dispense_v with_o it_o but_o to_o show_v you_o far_o that_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n have_v ever_o maintain_v this_o right_n of_o resistance_n even_o with_o the_o allowance_n of_o our_o king_n themselves_o and_o for_o the_o do_v
his_o father_n and_o to_o be_v exile_v from_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n be_v in_o so_o great_a jeopardy_n in_o a_o strange_a country_n and_o see_v the_o destruction_n and_o disinherison_n which_o be_v notorious_o do_v in_o england_n upon_o holy_a church_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o same_o by_o the_o say_a spencer_n robert_n baldock_n and_o edmund_n earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o encroachment_n of_o royal_a power_n to_o themselves_o and_o see_v they_o may_v not_o remedy_v the_o same_o unless_o they_o come_v into_o england_n with_o a_o army_n of_o man_n of_o war_n and_o have_v by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n with_o such_o puissance_n and_o the_o help_n of_o the_o great_a man_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n vanquish_v and_o destroy_v the_o say_a spencer_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n and_o of_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n have_v provide_v and_o ordain_v &c._n &c._n as_o follow_v that_o no_o great_a man_n nor_o other_o of_o what_o estate_n dignity_n or_o condition_n soever_o he_o be_v that_o come_v in_o with_o the_o say_a king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o with_o the_o queen_n in_o aid_n of_o they_o to_o pursue_v their_o say_a enemy_n and_o in_o which_o pursuit_n the_o king_n his_o father_n be_v take_v and_o put_v in_o ward_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v impeach_v molest_v or_o grieve_v in_o person_n or_o in_o good_n in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n court_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o pursuit_n and_o take_v in_o hold_v the_o body_n of_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n nor_o for_o the_o pursuit_n of_o any_o other_o person_n not_o take_v their_o good_n nor_o for_o the_o death_n of_o any_o man_n nor_o any_o other_o thing_n perpetrate_v or_o commit_v in_o the_o say_a pursuit_n from_o the_o day_n of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n arrival_n until_o the_o day_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o say_v king_n this_o act_n of_o indemnity_n be_v so_o full_a a_o justification_n of_o the_o necessity_n and_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o resistance_n that_o be_v then_o make_v against_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o and_o his_o wicked_a councillor_n the_o spencer_n that_o it_o need_v no_o comment_n and_o though_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o take_v warning_n by_o the_o example_n of_o his_o father_n and_o be_v too_o wise_a then_o to_o follow_v the_o like_a arbitrary_a course_n yet_o richard_n the_o second_o his_o grandson_n be_v a_o wilful_a hot_a head_a young_a prince_n fall_v into_o all_o the_o error_n of_o his_o great_a grandfather_n and_o find_v the_o like_a if_o not_o great_a resistance_n from_o his_o nobility_n and_o people_n for_o when_o he_o have_v high_o misgoverned_n the_o realm_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o favourite_n alexander_n archbishop_n of_o york_n the_o duke_n of_o ireland_n and_o other_o a_o parliament_n be_v call_v in_o the_o 10_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v take_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n and_o commit_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o ely_z with_o thomas_z duke_z of_o gloucester_z the_o king_n uncle_n richard_n earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o thomas_n earl_n of_o warwick_n and_o nine_o or_o ten_o other_o lord_n and_o bishop_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o the_o king_n be_v new_o of_o age_n refuse_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o say_a duke_n and_o earl_n but_o be_v carry_v about_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o say_a duke_n of_o ireland_n and_o other_o to_o try_v what_o force_n they_o can_v raise_v and_o also_o to_o hinder_v the_o say_a duke_n and_o earl_n from_o have_v any_o access_n to_o he_o but_o see_v what_o follow_v these_o violent_a and_o arbitrary_a course_n as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o henry_n de_fw-fr knighton_n who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o that_o very_a time_n and_o be_v more_o exact_a in_o this_o king_n reign_n than_o any_o other_o historian_n 2697._o he_o there_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o thomas_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o other_o bishop_n and_o earl_n now_o mention_v sound_v they_o can_v not_o proceed_v in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o precede_a parliament_n through_o the_o hindrance_n of_o mich._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr poole_n robert_n de_fw-fr vere_n duke_n of_o ireland_n nich._n brembar_v and_o robert_n tresillian_n chief_a justice_n and_o other_o who_o have_v seduce_v the_o king_n and_o make_v he_o alienate_v himself_o from_o the_o council_n of_o the_o say_a lord_n to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereupon_o the_o say_a duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o lord_n aforesaid_a with_o a_o great_a guard_n of_o knight_n esquire_n and_o archer_n come_v up_o towards_o london_n and_o quarter_v in_o the_o village_n adjacent_a and_o then_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n the_o lord_n lovat_n the_o lord_n cobham_n the_o lord_n eures_fw-mi with_o other_o go_v to_o the_o king_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o the_o duke_n 2700._o and_o earl_n and_o demand_v all_o the_o person_n abovementioned_a to_o be_v banish_v as_o seducer_n and_o traitor_n to_o the_o king_n and_o all_o the_o lord_n than_o swear_v upon_o the_o cross_n of_o the_o say_a archbishop_n not_o to_o desist_v till_o they_o have_v obtain_v what_o they_o come_v for_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o meeting_n be_v that_o the_o king_n not_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v they_o be_v force_v immediate_o to_o call_v that_o remarkable_a parliament_n of_o the_o 11_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o which_o mich._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr poole_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o ireland_n be_v attaint_v and_o tresillian_n and_o divers_a other_o judge_n sentence_v to_o be_v hang_v at_o tyburn_n upon_o the_o impeachment_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n for_o deliver_v their_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o the_o article_n the_o king_n have_v not_o long_o before_o propose_v to_o they_o at_o nottingham_n i_o shall_v omit_v the_o resistance_n which_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n make_v after_o his_o arrival_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o the_o north_n of_o england_n against_o the_o arbitrary_a government_n of_o this_o king_n be_v then_o in_o ireland_n not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v notorious_o know_v but_o because_o it_o be_v carry_v on_o far_a than_o perhaps_o it_o need_v to_o have_v be_v and_o end_v in_o the_o deposition_n of_o this_o king_n only_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o there_o be_v the_o same_o act_n of_o indemnity_n almost_o word_n for_o word_n pass_v for_o all_o those_o that_o have_v come_v over_o with_o that_o king_n and_o have_v assist_v he_o against_o richard_n the_o second_o and_o his_o evil_a councillor_n as_o be_v pass_v before_o in_o primo_fw-la of_o edward_n the_o three_o i_o shall_v not_o also_o insist_v upon_o the_o resistance_n of_o richard_n duke_n of_o york_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o who_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o evil_a government_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o her_o minion_n the_o duke_n of_o suffolk_n because_o you_o may_v say_v that_o this_o be_v justifiable_a by_o the_o duke_n of_o york_n as_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n nor_o will_v i_o instance_n in_o the_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n during_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o since_o it_o be_v dispute_v to_o this_o day_n who_o be_v in_o the_o fault_n and_o begin_v this_o civil_a war_n whether_o the_o king_n or_o the_o parliament_n only_o thus_o much_o i_o can_v omit_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o the_o king_n in_o none_o of_o his_o declaration_n ever_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o people_n have_v a_o right_a to_o resist_v he_o in_o case_n he_o have_v make_v war_n upon_o they_o or_o have_v introduce_v arbitrary_a government_n and_o express_o own_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o one_o of_o the_o parliament_n message_n that_o they_o have_v a_o sufficient_a power_n to_o restrain_v tyranny_n but_o deny_v himself_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o it_o and_o still_o assert_v that_o he_o take_v up_o arm_n in_o defence_n of_o his_o just_a right_n and_o prerogative_n to_o the_o command_n of_o the_o militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o they_o go_v about_o to_o take_v from_o he_o by_o force_n m._n i_o have_v with_o the_o great_a patience_n hearken_v to_o your_o history_n of_o resistance_n in_o all_o the_o king_n reign_v you_o have_v mention_v because_o i_o can_v desire_v any_o better_a argument_n to_o prove_v the_o unlawfulness_n of_o such_o resistance_n than_o those_o act_n of_o pardon_n and_o indemnity_n you_o can_v but_o confess_v have_v
earl_n and_o in_o the_o like_a pardon_n to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o i_o now_o also_o quote_v those_o lord_n will_v not_o own_o they_o have_v transgress_v but_o the_o word_n be_v only_o etiam_fw-la transgressiones_fw-la si_fw-la quas_fw-la fecerit_fw-la so_o that_o since_o such_o reformation_n can_v not_o be_v bring_v about_o without_o violence_n and_o bloodshed_n and_o some_o irregularity_n which_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n can_v not_o be_v justify_v by_o the_o strict_a letter_n of_o the_o law_n it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o for_o the_o quiet_v of_o man_n mind_n and_o their_o future_a security_n they_o shall_v be_v indemnify_v for_o what_o they_o have_v do_v with_o so_o good_a a_o intent_n and_o for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o such_o act_n of_o pardon_n do_v not_o relate_v to_o the_o title_n such_o king_n have_v to_o the_o crown_n but_o only_o to_o their_o be_v king_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n appear_v by_o a_o like_a act_n of_o pardon_n pass_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o to_o pardon_v and_o save_v harmless_a all_o those_o that_o come_v over_o with_o the_o king_n and_o all_o that_o help_v he_o to_o recover_v his_o just_a right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o three_o there_o call_v that_o usurper_n so_o that_o you_o may_v see_v such_o act_n of_o pardon_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o just_a title_n of_o prince_n nor_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o war_n but_o be_v to_o quiet_a man_n mind_n under_o the_o new_a government_n whereas_o those_o that_o take_v part_n with_o the_o usurper_n be_v not_o pardon_v but_o leave_v to_o the_o law_n since_o the_o present_a government_n will_v not_o take_v care_n for_o their_o security_n that_o have_v obstruct_v its_o settlement_n so_o the_o act_n of_o oblivion_n of_o the_o second_o of_o charles_n the_o second_o though_o it_o pardon_v treason_n express_o yet_o it_o as_o well_o pardon_v the_o treason_n of_o they_o that_o have_v commission_n from_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o or_o second_o as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o act_v by_o commission_n from_o other_o pretend_a authority_n so_o that_o you_o see_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o this_o so_o modern_a a_o parliament_n man_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n though_o they_o have_v take_v part_n with_o the_o king_n and_o have_v act_v by_o â—is_n commission_n if_o the_o thing_n command_v be_v illegal_a m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o justify_v take_v up_o arm_n against_o nay_o imprisonment_n of_o our_o king_n when_o that_o which_o you_o call_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o government_n require_v it_o that_o be_v when_o there_o be_v a_o â—action_n in_o the_o kingdom_n strong_a enough_o to_o make_v a_o disturbance_n for_o it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v by_o tacitus_n in_o the_o speech_n he_o make_v for_o otho_n to_o the_o soldier_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o kill_v galba_n than_o emperor_n that_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o speak_v more_o for_o the_o justification_n of_o that_o action_n quod_fw-la laudari_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la nisi_fw-la peractum_fw-la treason_n if_o successful_a have_v never_o want_v a_o sufficient_a party_n in_o the_o nation_n to_o make_v up_o a_o parliament_n to_o countenance_v they_o and_o to_o pardon_v nay_o justify_v all_o those_o that_o have_v be_v actor_n in_o they_o as_o we_o may_v see_v by_o those_o act_n of_o indemnity_n you_o mention_v and_o therefore_o i_o be_o not_o the_o more_o convince_v that_o such_o resistance_n be_v lawful_a notwithstanding_o those_o specious_a declaration_n of_o parliament_n of_o their_o be_v make_v for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o preservation_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n but_o you_o have_v do_v very_o wary_o to_o pass_v by_o without_o any_o justification_n the_o deposition_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o as_o also_o that_o of_o the_o resistance_n as_o you_o call_v it_o of_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o as_o also_o his_o deposition_n though_o do_v in_o parliament_n since_o all_o the_o proceed_n against_o this_o king_n be_v repeal_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o four_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o that_o king_n reign_n wherein_o the_o take_n up_o arm_n against_o king_n richard_n by_o henry_n earl_n of_o derby_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o his_o faith_n etc._n and_o legiance_n and_o his_o take_v the_o crown_n call_v usurpation_n and_o the_o kill_n of_o king_n richard_n his_o sovereign_a lord_n term_v as_o it_o just_o deserve_v murder_v and_o tyranny_n which_o do_v though_o not_o direct_o yet_o by_o consequence_n condemn_v his_o deposition_n too_o since_o he_o be_v after_o that_o here_o call_v king_n and_o you_o do_v as_o wary_o pass_v by_o the_o late_a rebellious_a war_n of_o the_o long_a parliament_n against_o king_n 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uncle_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n who_o sure_o be_v too_o great_a to_o tell_v so_o notorious_a a_o lie_n 2683._o the_o speech_n you_o will_v find_v at_o large_a in_o knyghton_n begin_v thus_o domine_fw-la râ—x_fw-la and_o after_o many_o petition_n and_o good_a advice_n at_o last_o thus_o conclude_v which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o latin_a sed_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la aeliud_fw-la de_fw-la animo_fw-la nostro_fw-la superest_fw-la nobis_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la populi_n vestri_fw-la vobis_fw-la intimare_fw-la habint_fw-la enim_fw-la ex_fw-la antiquo_fw-la statuto_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la non_fw-la long_o retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la experienter_fw-la quod_fw-la dolendum_fw-la est_fw-la habito_fw-la si_fw-la rex_fw-la maligno_fw-la consilio_fw-la quocunque_fw-la vel_fw-la inepta_fw-la conâ—â—macia_n aut_fw-la contemptu_fw-la seu_fw-la protervae_fw-la voluntate_fw-la singulari_fw-la aut_fw-la quovis_fw-la modo_fw-la irregulari_fw-la se_fw-la alienaverit_fw-la à _fw-la 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not_o long_o pass_v and_o that_o king_n richard_n may_v as_o well_o destroy_v the_o record_n of_o that_o law_n be_v not_o then_o common_o know_v or_o in_o private_a man_n hand_n as_o well_o as_o he_o do_v divers_a other_o record_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o 24_o article_n against_o this_o king_n wherein_o it_o be_v set_v forth_o that_o the_o say_a king_n have_v cause_v the_o roll_n of_o the_o record_n touch_v the_o state_n and_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n to_o be_v deface_v and_o raze_v to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o his_o people_n and_o the_o disinherison_n of_o the_o say_a realm_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o nothing_o be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n at_o that_o time_n do_v look_v upon_o it_o as_o their_o undoubted_a right_n to_o depose_v the_o king_n in_o case_n he_o violate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o how_o this_o can_v consist_v with_o that_o power_n which_o the_o king_n then_o 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of_o the_o people_n rather_o than_o in_o the_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o as_o to_o your_o assertion_n that_o the_o whole_a people_n be_v more_o fallible_a and_o consequent_o more_o dangerous_a judge_n in_o such_o a_o case_n than_o the_o great_a council_n i_o deny_v it_o since_o all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n must_v be_v so_o evident_a and_o notorious_a to_o the_o sense_n and_o feel_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n or_o denial_n of_o it_o by_o any_o reasonable_a and_o indifferent_a judge_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n be_v willing_a to_o live_v in_o peace_n without_o make_v any_o disturbance_n or_o alteration_n in_o the_o government_n if_o it_o may_v be_v avoid_v whereas_o in_o any_o great_a assembly_n or_o council_n there_o be_v many_o and_o those_o of_o the_o most_o eloquent_a and_o lead_a man_n who_o common_o carry_v the_o rest_n which_o way_n they_o please_v who_o be_v 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do_v neither_o allow_v the_o people_n to_o judge_n or_o depose_v the_o king_n much_o less_o to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n though_o a_o tyrant_n but_o only_o to_o judge_n and_o declare_v when_o he_o have_v make_v such_o notorious_a breach_n on_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n as_o do_v necessary_o imply_v a_o forfeiture_n or_o rather_o a_o implicit_a abdication_n of_o his_o royal_a power_n and_o whereby_o he_o depose_v himself_o but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o second_o point_n to_o prove_v that_o our_o king_n be_v never_o absolute_a monarch_n or_o have_v the_o sole_a and_o absolute_a authority_n over_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o that_o there_o be_v somewhat_o still_o reserve_v by_o the_o people_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o which_o the_o king_n by_o the_o original_a contract_n when_o he_o or_o his_o ancestor_n take_v the_o crown_n must_v be_v still_o suppose_v as_o bind_v to_o maintain_v now_o that_o there_o must_v have_v be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o a_o original_a contract_n however_o light_v you_o be_v please_v to_o make_v of_o it_o i_o thus_o make_v out_o you_o may_v remember_v that_o at_o our_o five_o meeting_n i_o prove_v that_o at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o kingly_a government_n in_o this_o nation_n it_o be_v not_o by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n but_o election_n 2._o that_o this_o election_n be_v make_v either_o by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n in_o person_n or_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o mycel_v synod_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n 3._o that_o this_o great_a council_n do_v then_o reserve_v to_o themselves_o these_o material_a part_n of_o government_n first_o a_o right_a of_o meet_v or_o assemble_v at_o state_v time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o that_o without_o any_o previous_a summons_n from_o the_o king_n 2._o a_o right_a of_o propose_v or_o at_o least_o oâ—_n ascend_v to_o all_o law_n that_o shall_v be_v make_v in_o all_o future_a time_n 3._o a_o right_a of_o grant_v general_a aid_n or_o tax_n for_o the_o people_n and_o that_o without_o their_o consent_n no_o tax_n can_v be_v impose_v 4._o and_o as_o subsequent_a to_o all_o these_o a_o right_a of_o agree_v to_o all_o war_n and_o treaty_n of_o peace_n â—o_o be_v make_v with_o foreign_a nation_n but_o the_o first_o and_o last_o of_o these_o though_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o have_v be_v constant_o observe_v during_o the_o saxon_a government_n and_o long_o after_o yet_o since_o the_o people_n have_v part_v with_o their_o right_n to_o their_o king_n in_o these_o matter_n i_o shall_v not_o now_o insist_v upon_o they_o only_o that_o this_o people_n have_v still_o a_o right_n to_o parliament_n once_o in_o three_o year_n at_o least_o and_o often_o if_o necessity_n require_v these_o then_o be_v the_o original_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n must_v have_v either_o enter_v into_o a_o compact_n with_o the_o people_n for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o observation_n of_o these_o fundamental_a right_n or_o else_o it_o must_v have_v be_v leave_v to_o his_o discretion_n whether_o he_o will_v suffer_v the_o people_n to_o enjoy_v they_o or_o not_o if_o the_o latter_a have_v be_v true_a than_o i_o grant_v they_o have_v make_v he_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n and_o have_v leave_v it_o whole_o at_o his_o discretion_n whether_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v these_o fundamental_a right_n and_o privilege_n or_o not_o but_o it_o appear_v plain_o to_o the_o contrary_a that_o they_o do_v not_o for_o i_o shall_v prove_v if_o need_v be_v that_o the_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v at_o first_o elective_a and_o not_o hereditary_a now_o in_o all_o elective_a kingdom_n of_o the_o gothick_n model_n it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o their_o king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v absolute_a that_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n or_o great_a council_n of_o those_o kingdom_n reserve_v to_o themselves_o a_o power_n of_o depose_v their_o king_n for_o tyranny_n and_o mis_n government_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v be_v frequent_o do_v not_o only_o in_o england_n but_o in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a kingdom_n without_o any_o imputation_n of_o rebellion_n and_o i_o have_v also_o give_v you_o a_o quotation_n out_o of_o the_o ancient_a mirror_n of_o justice_n which_o tell_v we_o that_o upon_o the_o election_n of_o the_o first_o king_n of_o this_o whole_a island_n 8._o the_o prince_n that_o choose_v he_o then_o cause_v he_o to_o swear_v that_o he_o will_v maintain_v the_o holy_a christian_a faith_n with_o all_o his_o power_n shall_v rule_v his_o people_n just_o without_o regard_n to_o any_o person_n and_o shall_v be_v obedient_a to_o suffer_v right_o or_o justice_n as_o well_o as_o other_o his_o subject_n and_o now_o that_o upon_o a_o failure_n to_o perform_v these_o thing_n a_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o
svo_fw-la alios_fw-la prohibere_fw-la necesse_fw-la habet_fw-la id_fw-la ipsum_fw-la in_o propria_fw-la persona_fw-la committere_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la so_o that_o it_o be_v as_o plain_a that_o if_o he_o either_o command_n or_o permit_v these_o wilful_a injury_n general_o or_o all_o over_o his_o kingdom_n he_o fail_v to_o defend_v it_o according_a to_o k._n edward_n law_n and_o if_o he_o thus_o fail_v to_o defend_v it_o he_o thereupon_o lose_v or_o forfeit_v his_o very_a title_n or_o office_n of_o a_o king_n since_o he_o can_v keep_v or_o hold_v his_o crown_n or_o royal_a dignity_n for_o without_o justice_n it_o can_v subsist_v and_o this_o by_o the_o original_a contract_n since_o upon_o whatever_o term_n the_o first_o king_n of_o this_o race_n take_v the_o crown_n upon_o the_o same_o term_n all_o his_o posterity_n who_o succeed_v either_o by_o election_n or_o right_n of_o blood_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o first_o compact_n be_v to_o hold_v it_o under_o the_o like_a penalty_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n in_o case_n of_o a_o wilful_a neglect_n or_o violation_n of_o his_o duty_n m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v make_v a_o specious_a proof_n of_o this_o original_a contract_n you_o so_o much_o talk_v of_o and_o more_o than_o ever_o i_o think_v can_v have_v be_v say_v for_o it_o but_o let_v it_o be_v what_o it_o will_v it_o be_v certain_a in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o whatever_o coâ—ercive_a power_n the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n may_v pretend_v to_o when_o bracton_n write_v they_o have_v solemn_o renounce_v it_o in_o two_o successive_a parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n charles_n the_o ii_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v any_o long_o upon_o old_a antiquate_a law_n or_o original_a contract_n which_o be_v not_o direct_o express_v but_o consequential_o deduce_v at_o best_a but_o i_o must_v now_o tell_v you_o that_o let_v the_o first_o institution_n of_o this_o government_n have_v be_v what_o it_o will_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o what_o original_a contract_n soever_o you_o may_v please_v to_o fancy_v between_o they_o and_o their_o subject_n yet_o this_o be_v all_o go_v and_o out_o of_o door_n by_o that_o absolute_a conquest_n which_o k._n william_n i._o make_v of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n who_o do_v not_o at_o all_o claim_n under_o the_o title_n of_o our_o english_a king_n for_o since_o their_o ancestor_n have_v no_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o by_o the_o sword_n and_o that_o he_o gain_v this_o kingdom_n by_o the_o conquest_n of_o k._n harold_n and_o the_o people_n of_o england_n who_o have_v elect_v he_o and_o fight_v for_o he_o as_o also_o by_o the_o subsequent_a recognition_n of_o this_o right_n by_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n in_o their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n so_o often_o repeat_v to_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n have_v thereby_o acknowledge_v it_o to_o be_v as_o absolute_a a_o monarchy_n by_o conquest_n as_o ever_o be_v institute_v by_o any_o prince_n in_o the_o world_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o several_a of_o the_o conqueror_n have_v be_v gracious_o please_v to_o grant_v divers_a privilege_n to_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o some_o of_o they_o perhaps_o the_o same_o they_o enjoy_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n yet_o can_v they_o not_o enjoy_v it_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o original_a contract_n you_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v make_v between_o the_o first_o king_n of_o that_o saxon_a race_n and_o the_o people_n of_o england_n for_o as_o i_o say_v but_o now_o k._n william_n have_v no_o right_n by_o any_o title_n from_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n but_o whole_o by_o his_o sword_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o and_o by_o but_o however_o these_o concession_n ought_v not_o at_o all_o to_o derogate_v from_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o the_o power_n or_o the_o indefensibleness_n of_o our_o king_n title_n for_o since_o these_o limitation_n of_o absolute_a or_o imperial_a power_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o any_o other_o original_a than_o the_o free_a &_o voluntary_a concession_n of_o our_o â—_z &_o not_o from_o any_o compact_n with_o their_o people_n they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o derogate_a from_o the_o uncontrollable_a and_o unancountable_a sovereignty_n thereof_o 211._o so_o that_o we_o may_v very_o well_o distinguish_v between_o the_o be_v and_o essence_n of_o imperial_a or_o sovereign_a power_n and_o the_o exercise_n or_o emanation_n thereof_o as_o to_o the_o be_v and_o essence_n of_o it_o it_o be_v in_o as_o full_a perfection_n in_o the_o limit_a as_o in_o the_o arbitrary_a sovereign_n though_o the_o law_n confine_n and_o limit_n he_o in_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o but_o to_o be_v confine_v in_o the_o exercise_n do_v not_o destroy_v the_o be_v nor_o diminish_v the_o perfection_n of_o sovereign_a power_n for_o then_o the_o power_n of_o god_n himself_o can_v not_o be_v sovereign_a because_o there_o be_v certain_a immutable_a rule_n of_o truth_n and_o justice_n within_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_o limit_v and_o confine_v but_o god_n be_v nevertheless_o a_o perfect_a imperial_a sovereign_n over_o the_o universe_n though_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o government_n over_o his_o creature_n be_v limit_v by_o the_o eternal_a law_n of_o truth_n and_o equity_n it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o limitation_n of_o almighty_a god_n be_v intriasical_a and_o proceed_v from_o the_o perfection_n of_o his_o righteous_a and_o holy_a nature_n but_o yet_o it_o show_v that_o the_o most_o perfect_a and_o absolute_a imperial_a powe_n may_v without_o a_o contradiction_n be_v confine_v within_o bound_n and_o limit_v in_o the_o actual_a exercise_n thereof_o and_o that_o such_o limitation_n of_o absolute_a imperial_a power_n proceed_v whole_o from_o itself_o do_v only_o qualify_v and_o temper_n but_o not_o destroy_v the_o essence_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o cook_n in_o cawdrey_n case_n say_v that_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n england_n be_v a_o absolute_a empire_n and_o monarchy_n and_o that_o the_o king_n be_v furnish_v with_o plenary_a and_o entire_a power_n prerogative_n and_o jurisdiction_n and_o be_v supreme_a governor_n over_o all_o person_n within_o this_o realm_n therefore_o whoever_o will_v consider_v the_o original_a of_o this_o limitation_n of_o sovereign_a power_n to_o have_v proceed_v whole_o ab_fw-la intrinsico_fw-la from_o the_o voluntary_a grant_n of_o our_o first_o monarch_n after_o the_o conquest_n and_o will_v also_o distinguish_v the_o essence_n from_o the_o exercise_n of_o sovereign_a power_n will_v find_v there_o be_v no_o contradiction_n between_o the_o fullness_n of_o sovereign_a power_n in_o the_o root_n ibid._n or_o essence_n of_o it_o and_o a_o legal_a limitation_n of_o the_o use_n and_o exercise_v thereof_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n though_o he_o be_v thus_o limit_v in_o the_o use_n and_o exercise_v of_o his_o power_n yet_o he_o be_v still_o as_o much_o the_o fountain_n of_o all_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n within_o his_o dominion_n as_o if_o he_o be_v arbitrary_a he_o have_v none_o to_o share_v with_o he_o in_o the_o sovereignty_n but_o all_o power_n and_o authority_n be_v derive_v from_o he_o like_o light_n from_o the_o sun_n in_o he_o alone_o it_o be_v radical_o and_o original_o place_v he_o have_v no_o sharer_n or_o copartner_n with_o he_o in_o the_o sovereignty_n none_o coordinate_a with_o he_o in_o the_o government_n no_o equal_a 8._o no_o superior_a but_o only_o god_n to_o who_o alone_o he_o be_v subject_a hence_o say_v bracton_n omnis_fw-la quidem_fw-la sub_fw-la to_o &_o ipse_fw-la sub_fw-la nullo_n sed_fw-la tantum_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la inferior_a sibi_fw-la subjectis_fw-la non_fw-la parem_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la svo_fw-la and_o afterward_o ipsâ—_fw-la autem_fw-la rex_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la sub_fw-la homine_fw-la sed_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la therefore_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n be_v oblige_v by_o his_o coronation_n oath_n to_o keep_v to_o these_o limitation_n which_o both_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v swear_v to_o yet_o if_o he_o any_o way_n faâ—l_v in_o the_o performance_n of_o iâ—_n this_o failure_n can_v give_v his_o people_n any_o manner_n of_o right_a to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o and_o to_o resist_v he_o in_o any_o such_o case_n much_o less_o can_v it_o cause_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o royal_a power_n since_o be_v at_o first_o the_o sole_a sovereign_a power_n he_o do_v not_o by_o put_v this_o limitation_n thereunto_o intend_v to_o part_v with_o any_o share_n of_o it_o to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o parliament_n but_o only_o to_o take_v they_o into_o a_o part_n of_o the_o care_n and_o trouble_v of_o the_o government_n and_o to_o limit_v his_o prerogative_n power_n from_o pass_v any_o law_n or_o raise_v any_o money_n without_o their_o assent_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o great_a necessity_n and_o than_o if_o he_o be_v still_o judge_n
his_o successor_n but_o if_o they_o will_v only_o insist_v upon_o their_o title_n by_o the_o sword_n without_o any_o precede_a or_o subsequent_a right_n they_o may_v be_v as_o lawful_o turn_v out_o again_o by_o the_o sword_n since_o it_o be_v own_a by_o all_o writer_n on_o this_o subject_a that_o a_o conqueror_n in_o a_o unjust_a war_n can_v obtain_v no_o right_n over_o a_o free_a people_n so_o much_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o point_n of_o right_n in_o law_n i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o a_o simple_a oath_n or_o pact_n between_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n and_o his_o subject_n to_o do_v or_o perform_v such_o or_o such_o a_o thing_n or_o to_o let_v they_o enjoy_v such_o and_o such_o privilege_n do_v not_o immediate_o give_v the_o people_n a_o power_n to_o compel_v such_o a_o monarch_n and_o his_o successor_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o the_o strict_a observance_n of_o they_o in_o case_n of_o a_o violation_n on_o his_o part_n but_o our_o case_n be_v very_o different_a from_o this_o for_o here_o a_o foreign_a prince_n recover_v a_o former_a right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o by_o force_n and_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o crown_n in_o virtue_n of_o that_o right_n by_o which_o he_o claim_v it_o and_o be_v also_o swear_v to_o maintain_v the_o ancient_a government_n and_o law_n according_a to_o which_o the_o whole_a legislative_a power_n be_v not_o in_o the_o king_n alone_o but_o joint_o in_o the_o king_n and_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n without_o who_o grant_n or_o consent_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v lay_v any_o tax_n upon_o the_o nation_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v if_o there_o be_v occasion_n now_o all_o our_o ancient_a right_n be_v grant_v and_o acknowledge_v by_o he_o and_o a_o constant_a common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n appoint_v to_o meet_v to_o see_v they_o observe_v as_o it_o do_v many_o time_n in_o this_o king_n reign_n as_o also_o in_o those_o of_o his_o successor_n they_o be_v not_o bare_a privilege_n confer_v of_o favour_n and_o which_o may_v be_v observe_v or_o break_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o prince_n that_o grant_v they_o but_o a_o form_n or_o rule_n of_o government_n by_o law_n to_o be_v make_v and_o agree_v upon_o in_o a_o stand_a council_n appoint_v not_o only_o to_o make_v they_o but_o also_o to_o see_v they_o observe_v as_o appear_v by_o that_o passage_n so_o often_o cite_v wherein_o the_o king_n be_v express_o say_v to_o have_v a_o superior_a viz._n the_o law_n and_o the_o court_n of_o baron_n who_o be_v to_o put_v a_o bridle_n upon_o the_o king_n in_o case_n of_o his_o govern_n without_o law_n and_o this_o far_a appear_v by_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o henry_n i._n k._n stephen_n and_o k._n john_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o first_o of_o which_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o nation_n have_v be_v oppress_v by_o unjust_a i._n e._n illegal_a exaction_n he_o therefore_o forbid_v all_o common_a money_n or_o tax_n not_o take_v through_o all_o city_n or_o county_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n edward_n and_o also_o confirm_v the_o law_n of_o his_o father_n whereby_o his_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o taillage_n or_o tax_n and_o he_o also_o thereby_o restore_v to_o they_o the_o law_n of_o k._n edward_n with_o those_o emendation_n which_o his_o father_n have_v make_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o his_o baron_n now_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o k._n john_n be_v but_o a_o addition_n or_o rather_o explanation_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o k._n henry_n i._n which_o be_v at_o first_o demand_v by_o the_o baron_n to_o be_v again_o confirm_v by_o this_o king_n at_o the_o instigation_n of_o stephen_n langton_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 241_o as_o mat._n paris_n show_v we_o at_o large_a now_o since_o neither_o k._n william_n the_o i._o nor_o his_o successor_n ever_o change_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n as_o to_o the_o legislative_a part_n of_o it_o as_o have_v be_v already_o prove_v and_o that_o those_o breach_n that_o have_v be_v make_v upon_o it_o by_o take_v taillage_n or_o tax_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n be_v all_o hereby_o express_o forbid_v these_o be_v certain_o more_o than_o such_o mere_a privilege_n which_o the_o king_n himself_o be_v the_o only_a keeper_n of_o and_o can_v dispense_v with_o at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o be_v indeed_o such_o fundamental_o as_o concern_v the_o very_a cosâ—iâ—uent_a form_n or_o rule_n of_o government_n which_o as_o i_o have_v also_o prove_v be_v mix_v not_o limit_v in_o that_o very_a institution_n and_o though_o the_o learned_a pufendoâ—f_a agreeâ—_n with_o you_o in_o the_o case_n of_o compact_n between_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n and_o his_o subject_n yet_o as_o to_o the_o point_n in_o hand_n he_o be_v whole_o of_o my_o mind_n 272._o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o this_o passage_n in_o his_o academic_a dissertation_n in_o his_o discourse_n de_fw-fr interreguis_fw-la where_o argue_v against_o mr._n hobbs_n who_o will_v not_o allow_v of_o any_o compact_n between_o a_o absolute_a prince_n and_o his_o subject_n he_o have_v this_o passage_n which_o i_o shall_v here_o read_v to_o you_o in_o english_a that_o though_o in_o pact_n in_o which_o submission_n be_v want_v certain_a and_o define_v performance_n may_v be_v set_v forth_o to_o be_v observe_v on_o either_o side_n from_o a_o intrinsic_a impulse_n of_o conscience_n when_o either_o of_o these_o refuse_n to_o perform_v they_o nothing_o but_o war_n or_o the_o compulsion_n of_o a_o superior_a lord_n common_a to_o both_o of_o they_o remains_z yet_o in_o pact_n by_o which_o one_o party_n be_v make_v subject_n to_o the_o other_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o latter_a to_o define_v what_o ought_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o he_o as_o also_o a_o power_n over_o the_o other_o compel_v he_o to_o the_o performance_n whether_o he_o will_v or_o not_o which_o power_n do_v not_o belong_v reciprocal_o to_o the_o other_o party_n against_o the_o former_a hence_o the_o party_n command_a can_v be_v question_v for_o a_o breach_n of_o compact_n unless_o he_o either_o wilful_o abdicate_v all_o care_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n or_o put_v on_o a_o hostile_a mind_n towards_o his_o subject_n or_o manifest_o or_o deceitful_o in_o latin_a dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la depart_v from_o the_o rule_n of_o govern_v on_o who_o observance_n as_o upon_o a_o condition_n the_o subject_n allegiance_n depend_v which_o be_v easy_o to_o be_v avoid_v by_o any_o ruler_n if_o he_o will_v consider_v that_o not_o the_o high_a of_o mortal_n be_v free_a from_o the_o law_n of_o humane_a chance_n so_o that_o let_v the_o power_n of_o your_o conqueror_n have_v be_v never_o so_o great_a or_o absolute_a it_o be_v plain_a he_o not_o only_o renounce_v it_o himself_o but_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n have_v do_v the_o same_o for_o themselves_o and_o their_o heir_n therefore_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o they_o must_v still_o claim_v by_o â—ertuâ—_n of_o the_o contract_n to_o maintain_v the_o constitution_n as_o they_o find_v it_o or_o else_o resolve_v all_o their_o right_n into_o mere_a force_n and_o then_o vim_o vi_fw-la pellere_fw-la licitum_fw-la est_fw-la m._n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o you_o and_o i_o differ_v in_o our_o conclusion_n since_o we_o also_o differ_v so_o much_o in_o the_o premise_n and_o in_o the_o very_a matter_n of_o fact_n concern_v king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n you_o say_v he_o come_v to_o it_o partly_o by_o the_o sword_n but_o found_v on_o a_o donation_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o consent_n and_o election_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n yet_o you_o yourself_o can_v deny_v but_o force_n or_o conquest_n have_v a_o great_a share_n in_o the_o business_n and_o indeed_o be_v all_o the_o right_n he_o have_v for_o as_o for_o that_o donation_n of_o k._n edward_n it_o be_v either_o forge_v or_o else_o k._n william_n can_v claim_v nothing_o by_o it_o since_o england_n be_v then_o either_o a_o hereditary_a kingdom_n or_o elective_a and_o take_v it_o which_o way_n you_o will_v this_o donation_n of_o the_o confessor_n can_v signify_v nothing_o either_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v to_o elect_n or_o the_o next_o heir_n who_o be_v to_o succeed_v after_o k._n edward_n decease_n neither_o can_v he_o claim_v as_o heir_n to_o he_o by_o blood_n for_o the_o relation_n between_o he_o and_o k._n edward_n be_v by_o his_o mother_n emma_n sister_n to_o richard_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o normandy_n this_o william_n uncle_n so_o that_o the_o conqueror_n be_v no_o way_n descend_v from_o the_o blood_n royal_a of_o england_n therefore_o his_o true_a quarrel_n with_o harold_n let_v his_o pretence_n be_v what_o it_o will_v be_v
no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o their_o acclamation_n and_o cry_v yea_o yea_o will_v make_v our_o king_n elective_a any_o more_o than_o it_o can_v do_v it_o in_o the_o case_n of_o k._n william_n who_o have_v a_o title_n by_o conquest_n precedent_n to_o this_o prâ—tended_a election_n though_o i_o grant_v this_o custom_n may_v have_v be_v in_o use_n ever_o fine_v this_o coronation_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o that_o king_n william_n claim_v indeed_o by_o conquest_n and_o by_o no_o other_o title_n let_v we_o not_o mind_v his_o specious_a colourable_a pretence_n but_o his_o action_n which_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o the_o thought_n of_o prince_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o through_o all_o his_o reign_n he_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n as_o a_o conqueror_n and_o this_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o make_v good_a the_o three_o instance_n i_o have_v already_o give_v of_o his_o great_a alteration_n of_o the_o property_n law_n and_o civil_a liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o of_o these_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o gervace_n of_o tiâ—bury_n a_o considerable_a officer_n in_o the_o exchequer_n 33._o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o who_o receive_v his_o information_n from_o henry_n of_o bloâ—s_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o grandchild_n to_o the_o conqueror_n who_o be_v most_o full_a to_o that_o purpose_n which_o he_o thus_o deliver_v in_o the_o manuscript_n treatise_n call_v the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n which_o i_o shall_v read_v to_o you_o according_a to_o the_o learned_a dr._n b_n translation_n of_o it_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o just_a subversion_n of_o the_o rebel_n when_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o his_o great_a man_n have_v view_v and_o survey_v their_o new_a acquest_n there_o be_v a_o strict_a enquiry_n make_v who_o they_o be_v which_o have_v fight_v against_o the_o king_n and_o 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inform_v he_o how_o they_o be_v spoil_v of_o their_o fortune_n and_o that_o without_o redress_n they_o must_v be_v force_v to_o pass_v into_o other_o country_n at_o length_n upon_o consultation_n it_o be_v order_v that_o what_o they_o can_v obtain_v of_o their_o lord_n by_o way_n of_o desert_n or_o lawful_a bargain_n they_o shall_v hold_v by_o â—unqestionable_a right_n but_o shall_v not_o claim_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o time_n the_o nation_n be_v conquer_a under_o the_o title_n of_o succession_n or_o descent_n upon_o what_o great_a consideration_n this_o be_v do_v be_v manifest_a say_v gervacâ—_n for_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o compliance_n and_o obedience_n to_o purchase_v their_o lord_n â—avour_n therefore_o whoever_o of_o the_o conquer_a nation_n possess_v land_n etc._n etc._n obtain_v they_o not_o as_o if_o they_o be_v their_o right_n by_o succession_n or_o inheritance_n but_o as_o a_o reward_n of_o their_o service_n or_o by_o some_o intervening_a agreement_n this_o alone_o be_v sufficient_a come_v from_o a_o author_n of_o such_o credit_n and_o live_v so_o very_a near_o the_o time_n but_o beside_o he_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o divers_a other_o author_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o particular_o ordericus_n vitalis_n who_o you_o but_o now_o cite_v tell_v we_o how_o william_n the_o first_o circumvent_v the_o two_o great_a earl_n of_o moreâ—a_n and_o that_o after_o edwin_n be_v slay_v and_o morcar_n imprison_v than_o king_n william_n begin_v to_o show_v himself_o and_o give_v his_o assistant_n the_o best_a and_o most_o considerable_a county_n in_o england_n and_o make_v rich_a colonel_n and_o captain_n of_o very_o mean_a norman_n and_o that_o he_o thus_o dispose_v of_o whole_a county_n to_o divers_a great_a man_n appear_v by_o domesday_n book_n wherein_o it_o be_v see_v that_o the_o whole_a county_n of_o chester_n be_v give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o â—upus_fw-la a_o norman_a so_o likewise_o the_o great_a part_n of_o shropshire_n be_v give_v to_o monâ—gomery_n and_o further_o he_o take_v away_o from_o the_o english_a their_o estate_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o norman_n and_o this_o he_o do_v from_o his_o first_o come_v in_o for_o fitz-osbern_n be_v make_v earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o hereford_n at_o his_o first_o come_v in_o and_o be_v lord_n of_o bettivil_a in_o normandy_n and_o establish_v the_o law_n of_o that_o town_n at_o hereford_n alan_n earl_n of_o bâ—itain_n have_v all_o earl_n edwin_n land_n give_v to_o he_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o york_n about_o three_o year_n after_o his_o arrival_n to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v the_o 795_o manor_n robert_n earl_n of_o morâ—ton_n in_o normandy_n and_o cornwall_n in_o england_n have_v give_v to_o he_o by_o k._n william_n so_o likewise_o â—lan_o earl_n of_o britain_n and_o richmond_n 442_o manor_n and_o jeffery_n bishop_n of_o constance_n have_v 280_o manner_n give_v he_o by_o the_o conqueror_n beside_o many_o other_o land_n of_o the_o saxon_a earl_n thain_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o give_v to_o the_o norman_n who_o take_v their_o title_n from_o king_n william_n conquer_a sword_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o evident_a that_o this_o king_n have_v distribute_v most_o of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o his_o norman_n long_o before_o the_o survey_n be_v begin_v and_o by_o that_o infallible_a record_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o he_o give_v near_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o his_o follower_n and_o very_o little_a or_o none_o to_o the_o english_a who_o hold_v that_o they_o have_v his_o new_a title_n and_o new_a service_n from_o the_o conqueror_n or_o his_o great_a lord_n or_o become_v tenant_n to_o or_o drudge_n upon_o their_o own_o land_n as_o we_o hear_v before_o from_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n here_o be_v enough_o to_o satisfy_v any_o unbiased_a person_n that_o thâ—_n conqueror_n do_v not_o lay_v by_o his_o sword_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n f._n in_o answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v concern_v your_o conqueror_n take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n it_o be_v so_o apparent_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o it_o be_v a_o high_a piece_n of_o impudence_n to_o go_v about_o to_o deny_v it_o yet_o will_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o what_o he_o thus_o dispose_v of_o be_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o i_o be_o a_o fair_a adversary_n i_o will_v at_o present_a suppose_n that_o k._n william_n take_v away_o all_o the_o land_n from_o the_o former_a owner_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o follower_n who_o help_v he_o in_o his_o conquest_n but_o these_o be_v not_o only_o the_o norman_n his_o subject_n but_o french_a fleming_n anjovins_n britain_n poictovins_n and_o people_n of_o other_o â—_z who_o make_v up_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o come_v in_o with_o he_o under_o great_a and_o considerable_a man_n their_o leader_n and_o who_o your_o dr._n tell_v we_o come_v not_o out_o of_o staâ—k_a love_n and_o kindness_n 35._o without_o any_o consideration_n of_o share_v with_o and_o under_o he_o in_o the_o conquest_n now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o law_n or_o act_n of_o they_o they_o thus_o constitute_v k._n william_n a_o absolute_a monarch_n over_o they_o and_o their_o descendant_n for_o as_o for_o the_o norman_n though_o they_o be_v its_o true_a his_o subject_n yet_o they_o enjoy_v divers_a considerable_a right_n and_o privilege_n at_o home_n and_o sure_o never_o intend_v to_o come_v over_o hither_o to_o make_v themselves_o as_o great_a slave_n as_o the_o people_n they_o have_v conquer_a much_o less_o can_v it_o be_v suppose_v of_o these_o of_o other_o nation_n who_o be_v not_o subject_n to_o duke_n william_n before_o
though_o they_o themselves_o remain_v free_a man_n but_o your_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o be_v very_o much_o out_o in_o his_o application_n of_o those_o passage_n he_o cite_v for_o neither_o of_o those_o author_n do_v affirm_v this_o of_o all_o owner_n of_o land_n whatsoever_o but_o only_o there_o to_o give_v we_o the_o original_a of_o soccage_n tenant_n on_o the_o king_n demesne_n as_o appear_v by_o bracton_n title_n to_o that_o chapter_n from_o whence_o the_o dr._n cite_v this_o passage_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr diversis_fw-la conditionibus_fw-la personarum_fw-la tenentium_fw-la in_o dominicis_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o the_o first_o word_n of_o this_o chapter_n make_v it_o yet_o plain_o begin_v thus_o in_o dominico_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la plura_fw-la sunt_fw-la genera_fw-la hominum_fw-la sunt_fw-la enim_fw-la ibi_fw-la servi_fw-la sive_fw-la nativi_fw-la ante_fw-la conquestum_fw-la in_fw-la conquestu_fw-la &_o post_fw-la conquestum_fw-la and_o under_o these_o last_o range_v the_o person_n you_o mention_v but_o fleta_n be_v more_o exact_a in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr sokemannis_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o these_o man_n be_v tenant_n of_o the_o king_n ancient_a manor_n in_o demean_v &_o quia_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la cultores_fw-la regis_fw-la dignoscuntur_fw-la provisa_fw-la fuit_fw-la quies_fw-la nâ—_n sectas_fw-la facerent_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatum_fw-la vel_fw-la hundredum_fw-la tamen_fw-la pro_fw-la terra_fw-la quorum_fw-la congregationem_fw-la tune_n socam_fw-la appellarunt_fw-la hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la sokemanni_n hodie_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la esse_fw-la so_o that_o though_o king_n william_n may_v permit_v his_o ancient_a tenant_n to_o be_v thus_o out_v of_o their_o estate_n they_o hold_v in_o his_o own_o demesne_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o he_o take_v away_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o ancient_a owner_n all_o over_o england_n of_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o be_v or_o of_o whosoever_o hold_v but_o 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all_o the_o same_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o low_a sort_n of_o thane_n or_o freeholders_n who_o owe_v suit_n
each_o man_n pepzylo_n or_o price_n of_o his_o head_n as_o you_o will_v find_v they_o set_v by_o the_o law_n of_o k._n athâ—lstan_n i_o shall_v not_o insist_v much_o upon_o divers_a lesser_a thing_n which_o k._n william_n as_o a_o conqueror_n impose_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o england_n as_o disarm_v they_o of_o all_o offensive_a weapon_n forbid_v they_o to_o hunt_n or_o kill_v any_o deer_n in_o his_o chase_n or_o forest_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o loss_n of_o eye_n and_o member_n as_o also_o keep_v up_o and_o reinforcing_a the_o ancient_a law_n of_o decenaries_n or_o tything_n whereby_o every_o ten_o family_n be_v bind_v with_o their_o ten_o man_n or_o tthe_a man_n body_n for_o body_n of_o each_o other_o good_a abearance_n as_o also_o that_o law_n forbid_v all_o sit_v up_o late_o at_o night_n or_o assembly_n after_o eight_o of_o the_o clock_n but_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v go_v to_o bed_n and_o put_v out_o both_o fire_n and_o candle_n at_o the_o ring_n of_o the_o coverteâ—_n 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time_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o place_n of_o this_o last_o not_o any_o norman_a but_o one_o walcher_n a_o english_a man_n be_v name_v by_o the_o k._n to_o succeed_v and_o as_o for_o the_o earl_n of_o all_o those_o who_o have_v be_v against_o he_o and_o oppose_v his_o come_n in_o there_o be_v not_o one_o but_o he_o receive_v they_o into_o savour_n and_o continue_v in_o his_o dignity_n and_o estate_n as_o in_o particular_a the_o earl_n eadwin_n and_o morchar_n brother_n together_o with_o waltheof_n and_o siward_n and_o edgar_z aâ—â—eling_n who_o they_o have_v name_v k._n of_o england_n all_o who_o keep_v their_o earldom_n and_o estate_n till_o terrify_v by_o the_o king_n severe_a and_o tyrannical_a proceed_n the_o three_o first_o of_o these_o â—led_v away_o as_o you_o have_v already_o show_v though_o i_o confess_v prince_n edgar_n have_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n before_o this_o flee_v into_o scotland_n but_o yet_o be_v afterward_o restore_v to_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o his_o 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of_o duel_n or_o single_a combat_n in_o civil_a as_o well_o as_o criminal_a cause_n the_o chief_a argument_n you_o have_v for_o this_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o this_o trial_n by_o duel_n in_o our_o english_a saxon_n law_n before_o the_o conquest_n which_o be_v but_o a_o negative_a argument_n at_o the_o best_a and_o you_o can_v show_v i_o no_o ancient_a author_n that_o say_v express_o that_o k._n william_n introduce_v it_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v first_o mention_v in_o his_o law_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v not_o here_o before_o since_o it_o be_v certain_o in_o use_n among_o the_o franc_n and_o longobard_n who_o be_v german_a nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o saxon_n but_o admit_v it_o be_v first_o introduce_v by_o the_o conqueror_n this_o be_v no_o badge_n of_o conquest_n for_o the_o norman_n as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a be_v subject_a to_o this_o trial_n which_o be_v in_o use_n in_o france_n and_o normandy_n 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paul_n successor_n to_o frederick_n hic_fw-la primus_fw-la abbas_n huius_fw-la ecclesiâ—â—suti_fw-la postquam_fw-la anglia_fw-it normannis_fw-la penitus_fw-la fuit_fw-la sâ—bjugata_fw-la f._n i_o will_v not_o deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n in_o great_a part_n to_o be_v as_o you_o say_v but_o whether_o the_o english_a be_v to_o blame_v to_o make_v these_o insuâ—rections_n or_o whether_o they_o be_v provoke_v to_o it_o by_o the_o king_n unreasonable_a severity_n i_o have_v not_o now_o time_n to_o dispute_v if_o it_o be_v their_o fault_n he_o have_v no_o doubt_n very_o good_a cause_n to_o do_v as_o he_o do_v and_o to_o punish_v such_o as_o be_v guilty_a but_o it_o be_v altogether_o unjust_a and_o tyrannical_a to_o punish_v the_o innocent_a with_o the_o guilty_a nor_o can_v he_o have_v any_o right_a to_o do_v it_o as_o a_o conqueror_n since_o by_o take_v his_o coronation_n oath_n to_o deal_v merciful_o with_o his_o subject_n and_o to_o treat_v both_o english_a and_o french_a with_o 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mention_v law_n and_o the_o english_a be_v thus_o spoil_v at_o pleasure_n and_o impoverish_v without_o any_o legal_a judgement_n he_o therewith_o enrich_v his_o norman_n to_o the_o great_a provocation_n of_o his_o natural_a english_a subject_n who_o have_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n thus_o exalt_v he_o so_o that_o you_o see_v he_o never_o intend_v to_o keep_v his_o oath_n that_o be_v thus_o force_v upon_o he_o for_o conqueror_n do_v not_o love_v to_o be_v make_v slave_n to_o their_o word_n whether_o they_o will_v or_o no_o and_o therefore_o i_o may_v give_v you_o a_o answer_n both_o as_o to_o his_o coronation_n oath_n 289._o as_o also_o to_o this_o now_o mention_v from_o a_o old_a english_a proverb_n that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o oath_n but_o be_v either_o break_v or_o keep_v more_o conqueror_n than_o one_o have_v use_v fair_a pretence_n and_o make_v smooth_a promise_n and_o deal_v cunning_o with_o the_o people_n to_o carry_v on_o their_o design_n and_o have_v at_o first_o take_v 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positive_a answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v say_v though_o i_o do_v believe_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v true_a as_o mat._n paris_n have_v relate_v it_o either_o from_o tradition_n or_o else_o from_o the_o legier_n book_n of_o his_o own_o abbey_n yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o out_o of_o hatred_n to_o this_o king_n severe_a proceed_n they_o do_v not_o represent_v k._n william_n cruelty_n and_o severity_n much_o great_a than_o it_o be_v for_o though_o i_o grant_v after_o this_o time_n he_o turn_v a_o great_a many_o more_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n and_o put_v divers_a of_o they_o to_o death_n yet_o whether_o he_o do_v this_o without_o any_o colour_n of_o law_n or_o legal_a process_n be_v very_o much_o to_o be_v doubt_v since_o we_o find_v many_o forfeiture_n mention_v in_o doomsday_n book_n which_o have_v be_v needless_a
quantity_n of_o pamphlet_n that_o have_v be_v write_v upon_o these_o subject_n as_o also_o that_o such_o as_o have_v peruse_v they_o may_v find_v together_o in_o this_o and_o the_o follow_a discourse_n all_o that_o have_v be_v urge_v on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o other_o upon_o these_o important_a subject_n and_o since_o the_o great_a number_n of_o treatise_n of_o this_o kind_n have_v rather_o serve_v to_o confound_v than_o instruct_v ordinary_a reader_n i_o resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n of_o very_a few_o of_o they_o only_o to_o take_v the_o chief_a and_o strong_a argument_n on_o either_o side_n and_o fair_o to_o represent_v they_o at_o once_o to_o the_o reader_n view_v who_o i_o hope_n have_v the_o discretion_n to_o judge_v which_o be_v best_a since_o i_o declare_v i_o write_v for_o no_o party_n but_o pure_o for_o truth_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v now_o and_o shall_v still_o endeavour_v to_o avoid_v all_o personal_a reflection_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o the_o ensue_a dialogue_n not_o only_o on_o their_o present_a majesty_n but_o also_o on_o king_n james_n since_o i_o remember_v he_o be_v a_o crown_a head_n and_o be_v still_o the_o father_n of_o our_o illustrious_a queen_n let_v his_o fail_n have_v be_v what_o they_o will_n but_o i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v not_o be_v scandalize_v if_o i_o have_v so_o far_o follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o able_a divine_n as_o well_o as_o lawyer_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n in_o make_v one_o of_o the_o party_n in_o this_o dialogue_n assert_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n we_o the_o only_a just_a and_o natural_a mean_n of_o confer_v a_o just_a right_n to_o civil_a power_n since_o the_o learned_a mr._n hooker_n in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o ecclesiastical_a policy_n lay_v it_o down_o as_o a_o principle_n 70._o that_o in_o every_o politic_a societyâ—â—â—t_n be_v impossible_a that_o any_o shall_v have_v complete_a lawful_a powâ—â—_n buâ—â—y_v the_o consent_n of_o man_n or_o the_o immediate_a appointment_n of_o god_n and_o chancellor_n fortescue_n in_o his_o discourse_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la 12_o and_o 13._o chapter_n suppose_v all_o kingly_a â—ower_n as_o well_o what_o be_v absolute_a as_o that_o which_o be_v politic_a or_o limit_v by_o law_n to_o have_v proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o people_n consent_n not_o that_o the_o power_n itself_o be_v otherwise_o than_o from_o god_n only_o he_o have_v make_v use_n of_o the_o people_n as_o a_o instrument_n whereby_o to_o convey_v it_o and_o i_o hope_v none_o of_o those_o who_o be_v still_o for_o king_n james_n interest_n will_v be_v offend_v at_o this_o doctrine_n since_o those_o that_o have_v write_v with_o the_o great_a judgement_n for_o his_o absolute_a indefeasible_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n have_v place_v it_o in_o his_o legal_a right_n to_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o all_o must_v own_v can_v not_o have_v be_v make_v without_o the_o people_n consent_n i_o have_v but_o one_o thing_n more_o to_o desire_v of_o you_o which_o be_v your_o patience_n and_o attention_n if_o some_o of_o the_o speech_n in_o this_o dialogue_n be_v long_o than_o ordinary_a since_o they_o be_v upon_o subject_n that_o will_v not_o well_o bear_v interruption_n and_o to_o tell_v you_o far_o the_o press_n stay_v for_o the_o sheet_n i_o have_v not_o time_n to_o make_v they_o short_a the_o eleven_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n and_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n f._n dear_o sir_n you_o be_v welcome_a to_o town_n you_o have_v be_v absent_a a_o long_a time_n and_o indeed_o i_o wonder_v how_o you_o can_v stay_v away_o so_o long_o when_o such_o greaâ—_n thing_n as_o the_o king_n to_o have_v abdicate_v and_o place_v his_o son_n and_o daughter_n in_o the_o throne_n have_v be_v transact_v m._n i_o thank_v you_o kind_o sir_n but_o yet_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o i_o have_v be_v so_o little_o satisfy_v with_o what_o your_o convention_n have_v do_v in_o these_o matter_n that_o the_o very_a hear_n of_o it_o have_v be_v a_o great_a affliction_n to_o i_o and_o it_o will_v have_v certain_o be_v a_o much_o great_a have_v i_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n and_o see_v such_o horrid_a thing_n as_o the_o deposition_n of_o a_o king_n the_o disinherit_n of_o his_o right_a heir_n and_o the_o set_n up_o the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n who_o certain_o can_v have_v no_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o long_a 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n live_v nor_o yet_o after_o his_o death_n as_o long_o as_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n be_v in_o be_v f._n i_o confess_v these_o be_v very_o high_a charge_n if_o they_o will_v hold_v but_o if_o you_o please_v to_o consider_v the_o hypothesis_n i_o propose_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n that_o the_o king_n have_v by_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n make_v between_o his_o ancestor_n and_o predecessor_n and_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o observe_v the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n forfeit_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n all_o that_o have_v be_v do_v in_o this_o great_a affair_n i_o suppose_v may_v be_v very_o well_o maintain_v and_o justify_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o of_o maintain_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n how_o far_o i_o have_v proceed_v in_o the_o pâ—ooâ—_n of_o this_o assertion_n first_o i_o have_v make_v out_o that_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realâ—_n be_v not_o the_o sole_a supreme_a power_n thereof_o neither_o ever_o be_v so_o from_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o kingly_a government_n in_o this_o island_n second_o i_o have_v also_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n not_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n must_v hold_v that_o share_n thereof_o which_o he_o enjoy_v upon_o this_o imply_v or_o tacit_n condition_n that_o if_o he_o usurp_v what_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o he_o and_o the_o people_n do_v assert_v their_o right_n by_o oppose_v his_o unjust_a violence_n and_o usurpation_n and_o that_o he_o still_o obstinate_o persist_v in_o this_o violation_n he_o certain_o thereby_o lose_v and_o forfeit_v not_o only_o that_o part_n of_o the_o power_n which_o he_o so_o unjust_o usurp_v but_o also_o his_o own_o too_o and_o for_o this_o i_o give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o learned_a grotius_n at_o our_o last_o meet_v three_o i_o have_v also_o answer_v your_o main_a argument_n of_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n obtain_v by_o the_o sword_n and_o conquest_n of_o king_n harold_n a_o absolute_a right_n and_o unconditioned_a power_n foâ—_n himself_o and_o his_o successorâ—_n descend_v from_o he_o over_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o king_n william_n have_v no_o other_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n than_o by_o the_o testament_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o the_o eâ—ection_n and_o recognition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o this_o i_o have_v prove_v from_o the_o unexceptionable_a authority_n of_o the_o best_a historian_n of_o that_o time_n so_o that_o if_o he_o afterward_o act_v otherwise_o and_o contrary_a to_o his_o coronation_n oath_n it_o be_v not_o as_o a_o lawful_a king_n but_o as_o a_o tyrant_n and_o a_o usurper_n on_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n and_o can_v not_o by_o his_o own_o unjust_a act_n acquire_v any_o lawful_a power_n so_o to_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o title_n king_n william_n or_o his_o successor_n can_v pretend_v to_o it_o must_v be_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o election_n of_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o saxon_a line_n from_o who_o all_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o henry_n y._n be_v descend_v and_o consequent_o aâ—e_v oblige_v to_o hold_v the_o crown_n under_o the_o same_o condition_n on_o which_o it_o be_v first_o confer_v and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o ever_o since_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n i._o the_o crown_n have_v be_v no_o long_o claim_v by_o election_n but_o by_o succession_n of_o he_o that_o real_o be_v or_o else_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n yet_o this_o different_a way_n of_o acquire_v the_o crown_n do_v not_o at_o all_o alter_v the_o condition_n or_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o sâ—â—e_z ouâ—_n king_n have_v always_o after_o that_o time_n as_o before_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o same_o or_o rather_o â—â—â—cter_n terâ—â—_n in_o their_o coronation_n oath_n to_o observe_v and_o keep_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o also_o that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o parliament_n make_v law_n raise_v tax_n and_o redress_v of_o grievance_n arise_v 〈◊〉_d the_o unjust_a exercise_n and_o illegal_a encroachment_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n have_v be_v exert_v
ever_o since_o the_o crown_n become_v elective_a as_o much_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v before_o last_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o king_n james_n have_v violate_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o several_a instance_n i_o have_v already_o give_v and_o be_o also_o ready_a far_a to_o make_v it_o out_o if_o you_o require_v it_o so_o that_o this_o be_v the_o case_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a why_o the_o crown_n or_o legal_a authority_n shall_v not_o become_v forfeit_v to_o the_o people_n who_o at_o first_o confer_v this_o power_n on_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v do_v your_o endeavour_n to_o prove_v those_o assertion_n you_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o but_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v that_o you_o true_o have_v do_v it_o but_o however_o not_o to_o run_v into_o unneccessary_a dispute_n and_o repetition_n of_o what_o have_v be_v already_o argue_v and_o which_o i_o see_v you_o be_v too_o obstinate_a to_o recede_v from_o i_o shall_v now_o only_o oppose_v what_o you_o last_o assert_v concern_v the_o crown_n be_v be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o people_n upon_o the_o king_n be_v pretend_a breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n for_o beside_o the_o absurdity_n of_o make_v the_o crown_n forfeitable_a to_o the_o people_n who_o be_v and_o ever_o be_v subject_n and_o not_o prince_n or_o governor_n whereas_o all_o forfeiture_n still_o suppose_v a_o right_n in_o the_o person_n who_o be_v to_o take_v it_o as_o superior_a to_o the_o party_n forfeit_v there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a error_n and_o mistake_n in_o your_o suppose_v all_o civil_a and_o legal_a power_n to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o people_n and_o by_o they_o confer_v upon_o their_o king_n or_o governor_n whereas_o the_o scripture_n plain_o affirm_v and_o all_o divine_n so_o interpret_v they_o that_o all_o civil_a power_n and_o authority_n be_v whole_o from_o god_n and_o not_o from_o the_o people_n who_o even_o in_o elective_a kingdom_n though_o they_o may_v name_v and_o design_n the_o person_n who_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v their_o king_n yet_o be_v the_o power_n whole_o from_o god_n who_o alone_o have_v right_a to_o govern_v mankind_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o people_n do_v not_o confer_v the_o power_n so_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v forfeitable_a to_o they_o from_o who_o it_o be_v never_o derive_v and_o so_o much_o i_o tell_v you_o at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o our_o last_o meeting_n though_o i_o have_v not_o then_o time_n full_o to_o urge_v this_o argument_n as_o now_o i_o have_v and_o this_o will_v press_v the_o more_o upon_o you_o because_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o grant_v at_o several_a meeting_n that_o all_o civil_a and_o regal_a power_n be_v derive_v from_o god_n and_o not_o from_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o your_o notion_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o monarch_n forfeit_v to_o they_o be_v whole_o false_a and_o precarious_a f._n if_o this_o be_v all_o that_o you_o have_v to_o object_v against_o our_o assertion_n of_o the_o king_n be_v forfeit_v his_o royal_a authority_n to_o the_o people_n i_o think_v i_o can_v easy_o answer_v those_o objection_n for_o as_o to_o the_o first_o absurdity_n which_o you_o lay_v to_o our_o charge_n how_o a_o authority_n can_v be_v forfeit_v by_o a_o king_n or_o superior_a to_o his_o subject_n or_o vassal_n the_o absurdity_n lie_v on_o your_o side_n for_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v this_o forfeiture_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o people_n as_o subject_n but_o to_o they_o consider_v as_o a_o community_n of_o master_n of_o family_n and_o freeman_n who_o as_o the_o descendant_n and_o representative_n of_o those_o who_o make_v the_o first_o king_n upon_o a_o certain_a contract_n or_o condition_n upon_o the_o non-performance_n of_o this_o original_a contract_n do_v thereupon_o cease_v to_o be_v subject_n as_o a_o servant_n cease_v to_o be_v so_o and_o become_v again_o svi_fw-la furis_fw-la upon_o his_o master_n non-performance_n of_o the_o bargain_n make_v between_o they_o and_o so_o this_o authority_n thus_o forfeit_v return_v to_o the_o community_n of_o master_n of_o family_n and_o freeman_n who_o once_o confer_v it_o upon_o the_o first_o king_n nor_o need_v this_o forfeiture_n any_o more_o suppose_v a_o superiority_n in_o the_o person_n who_o be_v to_o take_v it_o over_o the_o prince_n that_o commit_v it_o than_o when_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n tenant_n for_o life_n alien_n in_o fee_n he_o in_o reversion_n may_v immediate_o enter_v upon_o the_o estate_n as_o forfeit_v to_o he_o 251._o though_o the_o person_n that_o hold_v it_o be_v perhaps_o his_o own_o father_n m._n but_o be_v not_o this_o then_o to_o recede_v from_o your_o former_a concession_n whereby_o you_o grant_v that_o civil_a authority_n be_v derive_v from_o god_n and_o not_o from_o the_o people_n at_o all_o whereas_o you_o now_o suppose_v they_o the_o only_a original_a or_o fountain_n of_o civil_a authority_n and_o from_o they_o to_o be_v derive_v to_o all_o prince_n and_o monarch_n f._n this_o difficulty_n whole_o proceed_v from_o your_o not_o right_o understand_v the_o manner_n of_o god_n confer_v civil_a power_n or_o authority_n upon_o those_o that_o exercise_v it_o for_o the_o better_a clear_n of_o which_o difficulty_n pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o two_o or_o three_o question_n first_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o you_o be_v still_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o monarchy_n be_v so_o much_o of_o divine_a institution_n as_o that_o no_o government_n but_o that_o may_v be_v lawful_o institute_v by_o man_n m._n i_o will_v not_o now_o affirm_v that_o monarchy_n be_v of_o divine_a right_n but_o this_o much_o i_o may_v safe_o over_o by_o what_o we_o can_v find_v in_o scripture_n that_o god_n institute_v no_o sort_n of_o government_n but_o that_o and_o he_o do_v not_o make_v saul_n or_o david_n to_o be_v only_o like_o those_o equivocal_a king_n who_o may_v be_v deposable_a at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o estate_n but_o confer_v part_n of_o his_o own_o divine_a power_n upon_o they_o without_o any_o condition_n or_o limitation_n whatsoever_o but_o as_o for_o those_o government_n call_v commonwealth_n though_o without_o doubt_n they_o be_v not_o of_o divine_a institution_n yet_o certain_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n which_o they_o exercise_v be_v whole_o from_o god_n since_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v a_o man_n not_o have_v power_n over_o his_o own_o life_n can_v confer_v that_o upon_o another_o which_o he_o have_v not_o in_o himself_o f._n well_o i_o be_o glad_a we_o be_v so_o far_o agree_v that_o commonwealth_n be_v endue_v with_o real_a authority_n or_o majesty_n as_o well_o as_o monarch_n and_o that_o from_o no_o less_o author_n than_o from_o god_n himself_o so_o that_o whatever_o you_o have_v say_v concern_v god_n institution_n of_o no_o other_o government_n than_o monarchy_n be_v either_o not_o true_a or_o not_o to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o thiâ—d_o meeting_n that_o the_o first_o government_n god_n institute_v among_o the_o jew_n be_v a_o aristocracy_n under_o moses_n joshua_n and_o the_o judge_n reserve_v the_o kingly_a power_n over_o they_o to_o himself_o and_o though_o it_o be_v likewise_o true_a that_o god_n divest_v himself_o of_o great_a part_n of_o this_o kingly_a power_n when_o he_o anoint_v saul_n king_n yet_o god_n institution_n of_o monarchy_n among_o the_o jew_n do_v not_o render_v it_o unlawful_a for_o other_o nation_n to_o institute_v such_o other_o sort_n of_o government_n as_o may_v best_o suit_v with_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o public_a good_a and_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a community_n but_o as_o for_o your_o argument_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o all_o civil_a power_n be_v derive_v from_o god_n because_o otherwise_o they_o can_v not_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o their_o subject_n i_o have_v sufficient_o take_v off_o that_o difficulty_n at_o our_o second_o meeting_n and_o show_v you_o that_o a_o man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n have_v not_o only_a power_n over_o another_o man_n life_n but_o also_o over_o his_o own_o not_o only_o to_o hazard_v it_o but_o also_o to_o lay_v down_o or_o lose_v it_o for_o some_o great_a public_a benefit_n to_o mankind_n which_o be_v also_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o apostle_n paul_n himself_o for_o a_o good_a man_n some_o will_v even_o dare_v to_o die_v but_o further_a to_o show_v you_o the_o absurdity_n of_o this_o principle_n let_v i_o put_v you_o this_o case_n suppose_v that_o a_o kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n be_v so_o institute_v at_o the_o first_o that_o no_o subject_a or_o freeman_n shall_v suffer_v death_n for_o any_o crime_n how_o great_a soever_o which_o that_o
its_o original_a to_o conquest_n but_o either_o to_o a_o long_a possession_n the_o extinction_n or_o at_o least_o dereliction_n of_o the_o right_a heir_n together_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n to_o confirm_v their_o title_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o my_o opinion_n but_o that_o of_o the_o most_o learned_a writer_n in_o your_o own_o faculty_n such_o as_o grotius_n and_o pufendoâ—f_n that_o conquest_n alone_o though_o in_o the_o just_a war_n can_v confer_v no_o right_n over_o a_o free_a people_n without_o their_o recognition_n or_o consent_n i_o have_v add_v of_o a_o free_a people_n because_o i_o much_o doubt_v upon_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o kingdom_n or_o territory_n as_o for_o example_n where_o the_o people_n do_v own_o themselves_o mere_a slave_n to_o their_o sultan_n whether_o their_o consent_n be_v at_o all_o necessary_a or_o not_o since_o they_o fall_v to_o the_o victor_n as_o the_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o prince_n conquer_a but_o then_o the_o power_n he_o have_v over_o they_o be_v not_o proper_o a_o civil_a authority_n but_o that_o of_o a_o lord_n over_o his_o slave_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o kingdom_n and_o territory_n obtain_v by_o conquest_n among_o we_o in_o europe_n prince_n do_v not_o think_v themselves_o to_o have_v any_o title_n to_o their_o subject_n allegiance_n before_o they_o have_v acknowledge_v they_o for_o their_o lawful_a soveraignâ—_n by_o some_o public_a act_n either_o of_o the_o estate_n or_o representative_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o else_o by_o the_o particular_a oath_n of_o all_o the_o chief_a subject_n or_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o place_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o at_o present_a dispute_v this_o point_n any_o far_o with_o you_o but_o yet_o there_o remain_v one_o great_a difficulty_n behind_o concern_v the_o manner_n of_o god_n confer_v this_o supreme_a power_n upon_o prince_n and_o state_n for_o you_o yourself_o have_v already_o grant_v that_o the_o power_n of_o father_n and_o master_n of_o family_n be_v not_o of_o the_o kind_n but_o somewhat_o specifical_o different_a from_o civil_a power_n or_o authority_n and_o if_o so_o since_o they_o have_v not_o this_o civil_a power_n in_o themselves_o i_o can_v see_v how_o they_o can_v confer_v it_o upon_o another_o since_o nemo_fw-la that_o quod_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la and_o therefore_o there_o still_o seem_v a_o necessity_n of_o god_n confer_v a_o new_a power_n upon_o that_o prince_n or_o upon_o those_o person_n who_o they_o shall_v pitch_v upon_o to_o rule_v over_o they_o f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v as_o easy_o remove_v this_o difficulty_n if_o you_o will_v please_v to_o consider_v the_o manner_n how_o god_n confer_v this_o civil_a authority_n upon_o man_n which_o be_v certain_o by_o natural_a mean_n and_o be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o by_o natural_a reason_n without_o any_o divine_a revelation_n since_o civil_a government_n be_v institute_v and_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o obey_v it_o long_o before_o the_o old_a testament_n be_v write_v 7._o but_o the_o true_a original_a of_o it_o be_v thus_o to_o be_v trace_v first_o it_o be_v without_o doubt_n that_o right_a reason_n sufficient_o teach_v mankind_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o multiply_v and_o that_o they_o be_v sensible_a from_o the_o great_a wickedness_n and_o corruption_n of_o man_n nature_n that_o their_o common_a peace_n and_o safety_n can_v not_o be_v well_o maintain_v unless_o commonwealth_n be_v institute_v which_o can_v not_o subsist_v without_o a_o supreme_a authority_n place_v in_o some_o one_o or_o more_o person_n this_o be_v a_o dictate_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o right_a reason_n and_o so_o high_o conduce_v to_o the_o good_a of_o mankind_n it_o must_v needs_o owe_v its_o original_a to_o god_n the_o author_n of_o all_o truth_n and_o the_o giver_n of_o every_o good_a and_o perfect_a gift_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o not_o only_o the_o institution_n of_o commonwealth_n themselves_o but_o also_o the_o supreme_a power_n with_o which_o they_o be_v endue_v do_v not_o proceed_v mere_o from_o man_n but_o from_o god_n command_v express_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o right_a reason_n so_o that_o the_o same_o legislator_n who_o first_o prescribe_v civil_a society_n also_o prescribe_v the_o order_n of_o that_o society_n but_o a_o supreme_a civil_a authority_n either_o in_o one_o or_o more_o person_n be_v the_o life_n and_o soul_n thereof_o without_o which_o it_o can_v live_v or_o subsist_v now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o those_o thing_n be_v not_o only_o say_v to_o proceed_v from_o god_n which_o he_o immediate_o institutes_n without_o any_o human_a act_n intervening_a but_o those_o also_o which_o man_n by_o the_o conduct_n of_o right_a reason_n and_o according_a to_o their_o present_a occasion_n and_o necessity_n have_v introduce_v to_o fulfil_v that_o obligation_n that_o lie_v upon_o they_o to_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a and_o safety_n of_o mankind_n and_o since_o in_o a_o promiscuous_a ungoverned_a multitude_n that_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n which_o prescribe_v the_o public_a peace_n and_o concord_n of_o mankind_n can_v well_o be_v exercise_v the_o unruliness_n of_o man_n passion_n consider_v nor_o be_v well_o maintain_v without_o some_o supreme_a civil_a authority_n to_o keep_v man_n in_o order_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o god_n who_o enjoin_v man_n this_o do_v also_o command_v that_o civil_a society_n shall_v not_o be_v only_o institute_v but_o their_o authority_n also_o obey_v as_o derive_v from_o himself_o and_o as_o the_o necessary_a mean_n of_o obtain_v this_o great_a end_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o common_a good_a and_o safety_n of_o mankind_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o he_o have_v not_o any_o where_o prescribe_v or_o institute_v any_o particular_a form_n of_o government_n but_o leave_v the_o choice_n of_o it_o to_o the_o particular_a genius_n and_o temper_n of_o each_o nation_n and_o people_n this_o be_v settle_v your_o objection_n be_v easy_o answer_v how_o civil_a power_n can_v be_v confer_v without_o a_o immediate_a confer_v of_o it_o from_o god_n since_o the_o people_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n have_v it_o not_o before_o which_o proceed_v from_o your_o not_o consider_v that_o this_o supreme_a authority_n be_v not_o like_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n a_o immaterial_a form_n that_o give_v knowledge_n and_o understanding_n to_o the_o body_n and_o may_v be_v separate_v from_o it_o but_o be_v only_o a_o moral_a quality_n which_o may_v be_v produce_v by_o the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o those_o that_o institute_v it_o as_o the_o productive_a cause_n thereof_o though_o they_o have_v it_o not_o formal_o in_o themselves_o before_o just_a as_o from_o many_o voice_n sing_v in_o consort_n though_o in_o different_a tone_n there_o arise_v a_o harmony_n which_o be_v not_o in_o any_o single_a voloe_n alone_o therefore_o since_o civil_a authority_n proceed_v from_o the_o nonresistance_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o their_o concession_n that_o the_o supreme_a power_n shall_v free_o dispose_v of_o their_o body_n and_o good_n for_o the_o public_a safety_n it_o plain_o appear_v that_o in_o each_o particular_a master_n of_o a_o family_n and_o freeman_n there_o lie_v though_o hide_v and_o disperse_v the_o seed_n or_o rudiment_n of_o supreme_a power_n which_o by_o mutual_a compact_n do_v afterward_o grow_v into_o a_o perfect_a civil_a authority_n and_o thus_o not_o only_o many_o master_n of_o family_n and_o freeman_n may_v combine_v together_o for_o their_o mutual_a safety_n to_o erâ—ct_v a_o commonwealth_n by_o appoint_v one_o or_o many_o man_n to_o rule_v over_o they_o for_o their_o mutual_a safety_n but_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a but_o that_o from_o the_o government_n of_o a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n have_v many_o village_n and_o slave_n under_o his_o power_n there_o may_v â—ise_v â—_o perfect_a kingdom_n for_o though_o paternal_a power_n do_v chief_o respect_v the_o education_n of_o child_n and_o that_o of_o a_o master_n the_o government_n of_o servanâ—â—_n for_o his_o own_o advantage_n yet_o be_v there_o not_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n between_o the_o power_n of_o a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n and_o civil_a authority_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o pass_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o without_o a_o new_a authority_n immediate_o create_v by_o god_n for_o that_o purpose_n for_o suppose_v a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n have_v a_o numerous_a train_n of_o child_n and_o servant_n shall_v permit_v both_o of_o they_o by_o way_n of_o emancipation_n or_o manumission_n to_o enjoy_v such_o a_o portion_n of_o land_n or_o other_o good_n to_o their_o own_o use_n as_o also_o to_o govern_v their_o own_o private_a family_n and_o affair_n as_o they_o shall_v think_v fit_a provide_v they_o will_v still_o obey_v he_o and_o contribute_v the_o utmost_a assistance_n of_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n for_o the_o public_a safety_n i_o can_v see_v any_o thing_n that_o will_v be_v
a_o generous_a prince_n a_o nephew_n and_o a_o son-in-law_n and_o one_o who_o be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n and_o honour_n to_o consult_v the_o last_a peace_n and_o happiness_n of_o the_o nation_n more_o than_o his_o own_o private_a interest_n or_o the_o ambition_n of_o wear_v a_o crown_n f._n you_o have_v make_v the_o utmost_a defence_n that_o i_o suppose_v can_v be_v bring_v for_o the_o king_n be_v first_o go_n away_o yet_o if_o it_o be_v better_o consider_v i_o doubt_v it_o will_v not_o serve_v the_o turn_n i_o see_v you_o be_v force_v to_o lay_v the_o whole_a fault_n of_o the_o king_n departure_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o treaty_n with_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o refuse_v to_o call_v a_o parliament_n according_a to_o his_o own_o promise_n and_o proclamation_n upon_o his_o want_n of_o security_n for_o himself_o the_o queen_n and_o prince_n if_o he_o have_v stay_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o want_n of_o fidelity_n in_o his_o army_n the_o general_a prejudice_n of_o the_o nation_n against_o he_o and_o the_o great_a firmness_n and_o resolution_n there_o be_v in_o the_o prince_n army_n to_o adhere_v to_o he_o now_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o every_o one_o of_o these_o be_v but_o pretence_n and_o that_o the_o real_a cause_n of_o his_o departure_n be_v because_o he_o fear_v to_o leave_v the_o inquiry_n into_o the_o birth_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o the_o free_a examination_n and_o redress_n of_o our_o grievance_n and_o those_o violation_n he_o have_v commit_v upon_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n to_o the_o impartial_a judgement_n of_o a_o free_a parliament_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o to_o want_v of_o fidelity_n in_o his_o army_n that_o can_v be_v no_o just_a excuse_n for_o his_o desert_v and_o disband_v they_o as_o he_o do_v without_o any_o pay_n since_o he_o himself_o in_o his_o say_a letter_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o feversham_n express_o own_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o brave_a man_n both_o officer_n and_o soldier_n among_o they_o and_o therefore_o if_o he_o be_v satisfy_v of_o this_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v first_o send_v for_o all_o his_o officer_n both_o colonel_n and_o captain_n and_o have_v examine_v they_o how_o far_o they_o will_v stand_v by_o he_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o person_n and_o cause_n against_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o he_o may_v have_v also_o order_v those_o officer_n to_o have_v examine_v every_o regiment_n troop_n and_o company_n in_o his_o whole_a army_n how_o far_o they_o will_v engage_v in_o his_o defence_n and_o if_o he_o have_v proceed_v thus_o at_o salisbury_n before_o he_o flee_v away_o in_o that_o confusion_n to_o london_n i_o have_v be_v credible_o inform_v by_o divers_a officer_n of_o that_o army_n that_o the_o king_n may_v have_v find_v above_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n that_o will_v have_v stand_v by_o he_o to_o the_o last_o man_n in_o his_o quarrel_n against_o the_o prince_n and_o therefore_o i_o impute_v his_o go_v away_o as_o he_o do_v from_o salisbury_n to_o some_o strange_a panic_n fear_v that_o god_n have_v cast_v upon_o he_o and_o all_o the_o popish_a faction_n about_o he_o since_o he_o have_v be_v know_v not_o to_o want_v sufficient_a courage_n upon_o other_o occasion_n but_o though_o he_o have_v omit_v it_o there_o yet_o he_o certain_o aught_o to_o have_v try_v this_o last_o experiment_n after_o he_o come_v to_o london_n rather_o than_o have_v quit_v the_o kingdom_n so_o dishonourable_o as_o he_o then_o do_v and_o thereby_o give_v the_o p._n of_o orange_n friend_n a_o opportunity_n of_o seize_v or_o get_v deliver_v into_o their_o power_n all_o the_o garrison_n and_o strong_a place_n in_o england_n beside_o portsmouth_n in_o those_o three_o or_o four_o day_n time_n that_o he_o be_v not_o hear_v of_o beside_o great_a part_n of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v not_o disband_v have_v in_o that_o time_n go_v in_o to_o the_o prince_n in_o hope_n of_o their_o pay_n and_o future_a preferment_n now_o that_o the_o king_n may_v with_o safety_n have_v reside_v with_o his_o army_n somewhere_o about_o london_n he_o himself_o grant_v 90._o in_o his_o proposal_n to_o the_o prince_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n till_o all_o matter_n be_v adjust_v concern_v the_o freedom_n of_o election_n and_o a_o security_n of_o their_o sit_v the_o respective_a army_n may_v be_v retain_v within_o such_o limit_n and_o at_o such_o distance_n from_o london_n as_o may_v prevent_v all_o apprehension_n that_o the_o parliament_n may_v be_v in_o any_o kind_n disturb_v which_o proposal_n be_v make_v not_o long_o after_o the_o king_n arrival_n at_o london_n we_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v that_o he_o be_v then_o well_o enough_o satisfy_v with_o the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o great_a part_n at_o least_o of_o his_o own_o army_n to_o he_o and_o if_o he_o be_v not_o he_o may_v have_v be_v better_o satisfy_v if_o he_o please_v but_o as_o for_o the_o next_o difficulty_n the_o nation_n be_v poison_v and_o prepossess_v against_o he_o admit_v it_o be_v so_o as_o long_o as_o he_o have_v a_o sufficient_a army_n about_o he_o as_o i_o suppose_v he_o may_v have_v have_v he_o need_v not_o have_v fear_v any_o thing_n the_o people_n can_v do_v but_o indeed_o this_o be_v a_o needless_a fear_n for_o before_o the_o parliament_n can_v sit_v it_o be_v not_o the_o people_n interest_n to_o hinder_v it_o or_o to_o fall_v upon_o the_o king_n or_o his_o army_n when_o matter_n be_v in_o a_o fair_a way_n of_o accommodation_n so_o after_o the_o parliament_n sit_v there_o will_v have_v be_v less_o cause_n of_o fear_n since_o the_o reverence_n of_o that_o court_n will_v have_v keep_v they_o in_o awe_n but_o as_o to_o the_o firmness_n and_o resolution_n of_o the_o prince_n army_n the_o fear_n of_o that_o be_v also_o as_o needless_a as_o long_o as_o the_o king_n army_n continue_v as_o firm_a to_o he_o and_o if_o the_o prince_n army_n have_v be_v the_o first_o aggressor_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o 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order_v and_o dispose_v of_o all_o public_a affair_n confer_v office_n and_o bishopric_n as_o if_o they_o be_v lawful_a king_n before_o your_o pretend_a election_n or_o the_o ceremony_n of_o their_o coronation_n and_o also_o have_v ambassador_n send_v to_o they_o from_o foreign_a prince_n as_o appear_v from_o your_o own_o quotation_n out_o of_o hoveden_n of_o those_o that_o be_v send_v by_o the_o king_n of_o scot_n to_o king_n john_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v though_o it_o be_v true_a he_o there_o style_v he_o no_o more_o than_o duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o this_o also_o may_v further_o appear_v by_o that_o passage_n i_o have_v cite_v out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n that_o king_n richard_n have_v fealty_n swear_v to_o he_o as_o king_n of_o england_n by_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o you_o yourself_o acknowledge_v the_o same_o oath_n to_o be_v take_v by_o the_o same_o person_n to_o king_n john_n before_o he_o come_v over_o to_o take_v the_o 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will_v be_v declare_v forfeit_v by_o their_o owner_n oppose_v of_o king_n james_n and_o then_o i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o to_o judge_n in_o what_o a_o condition_n we_o shall_v be_v in_o both_z as_o to_o our_o religion_n and_o civil_a liberty_n when_o the_o king_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v manage_v by_o man_n who_o be_v declare_v enemy_n to_o both_o neither_o will_v it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o those_o few_o moderate_a man_n either_o of_o the_o popish_a or_o protestanâ—_n religion_n who_o take_v king_n iame_n part_n to_o hinder_v it_o since_o the_o other_o party_n will_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o priest_n and_o jesuit_n and_o the_o interest_n of_o france_n run_v down_o all_o sober_a council_n and_o they_o will_v be_v but_o look_v upon_o but_o as_o trimmer_n at_o best_o that_o oppose_v
it_o but_o as_o for_o king_n james_n himself_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v of_o you_o what_o trust_v there_o can_v be_v put_v in_o he_o or_o what_o assurance_n he_o can_v give_v we_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o civil_a liberty_n more_o than_o the_o renew_n of_o those_o promise_n and_o that_o oath_n which_o he_o have_v already_o break_v this_o being_n most_o likely_a to_o be_v the_o consequence_n of_o thing_n if_o king_n james_n prevail_v i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o or_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v if_o what_o i_o have_v undertake_v to_o prove_v be_v not_o as_o clear_o make_v out_o as_o future_a thing_n be_v capable_a of_o and_o be_v sufficient_a to_o deter_v any_o man_n that_o love_v his_o religion_n or_o country_n from_o join_v in_o such_o pernicious_a design_n m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v make_v a_o long_a and_o tragical_a narration_n of_o the_o dreadful_a consequence_n that_o may_v follow_v both_o upon_o our_o religion_n and_o 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allegiance_n acknowledge_v or_o that_o not_o have_v take_v either_o oath_n yet_o otherwise_o know_v or_o believe_v that_o the_o true_a sovereign_a power_n in_o england_n to_o who_o natural_a allegiance_n be_v due_a be_v the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o lawful_a successor_n can_v without_o sin_v against_o his_o conscience_n take_v any_o new_a oath_n or_o do_v any_o other_o act_n whereby_o to_o transfer_v his_o allegiance_n from_o the_o king_n or_o his_o heir_n to_o any_o other_o party_n who_o have_v no_o right_a to_o it_o and_o thereby_o put_v himself_o into_o a_o incapacity_n of_o perform_v the_o duty_n of_o his_o bind_a allegiance_n to_o his_o lawful_a sovereign_n when_o it_o may_v appear_v to_o be_v useful_a and_o serviceable_a to_o he_o this_o be_v the_o express_a opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a bishop_n sanderson_n in_o his_o case_n of_o conscience_n concern_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o take_v the_o engagement_n which_o though_o he_o do_v not_o think_v absolute_o unlawful_a because_o it_o may_v be_v interpret_v in_o a_o dubious_a and_o qualify_a sense_n without_o abjure_v the_o king_n lawful_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o can_v this_o new_a oath_n be_v take_v in_o the_o like_o doubtful_a sense_n because_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v the_o word_n in_o the_o oath_n be_v to_o bear_v true_a allegiance_n to_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n will_v be_v indeed_o a_o transfer_v of_o our_o allegiance_n from_o our_o lawful_a prince_n to_o other_o which_o be_v absolute_o unlawful_a f._n i_o be_o somewhat_o please_v to_o see_v you_o be_v so_o far_o come_v off_o from_o your_o bigotry_n as_o not_o to_o think_v yourself_o bind_v to_o assist_v for_o the_o restore_a king_n james_n as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v no_o otherwise_o to_o be_v do_v but_o by_o the_o evident_a destruction_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o civil_a liberty_n but_o yet_o you_o say_v you_o can_v take_v the_o oath_n because_o it_o be_v bishop_n sanderson_n opinion_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o our_o best_a lawyer_n that_o allegiance_n be_v perpetual_a and_o untransferrable_a to_o another_o whilst_o the_o king_n or_o his_o heir_n be_v in_o be_v which_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o speak_v as_o a_o lawyer_n since_o it_o may_v well_o be_v prove_v from_o this_o statute_n as_o from_o the_o constant_a practice_n before_o that_o time_n that_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la and_o that_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o but_o to_o speak_v of_o this_o matter_n either_o as_o a_o civilian_n or_o a_o divine_a i_o think_v we_o be_v free_v from_o the_o former_a oath_n both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o law_n of_o god_n for_o as_o for_o natural_a allegiance_n by_o which_o you_o suppose_v a_o man_n be_v indispensable_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n in_o who_o territory_n he_o be_v bear_v and_o that_o as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v i_o can_v by_o â—o_o mean_v understand_v that_o be_v bear_v in_o a_o country_n make_v one_o a_o subject_a for_o all_o his_o life_n to_o the_o government_n of_o that_o country_n or_o why_o be_v when_o bear_v in_o a_o country_n it_z shall_v make_v one_o become_v a_o subject_a more_o than_o be_v in_o the_o same_o country_n at_o another_o time_n 49._o beside_o common_a experience_n show_v this_o to_o be_v false_a because_o whoever_o be_v bear_v in_o a_o country_n where_o his_o parent_n be_v foreigner_n may_v as_o it_o be_v allow_v by_o all_o leave_v that_o country_n when_o he_o please_v but_o perhaps_o iâ—_n may_v be_v say_v he_o be_v a_o subject_a to_o that_o prince_n where_o his_o parent_n be_v bear_v but_o what_o if_o they_o be_v bear_v under_o the_o same_o circumstance_n or_o suppose_v his_o parent_n be_v of_o different_a country_n as_o if_o a_o dutch_a woman_n and_o a_o english_a man_n have_v a_o child_n in_o france_n since_o france_n do_v not_o pretend_v to_o he_o which_o of_o the_o nation_n can_v claim_v he_o for_o their_o subject_n or_o must_v he_o be_v divide_v so_o that_o i_o can_v see_v nothing_o at_o all_o in_o this_o notion_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n that_o can_v oblige_v any_o body_n in_o conscience_n to_o observe_v it_o m._n if_o then_o natural_a allegiance_n signify_v nothing_o pâ—â—y_v tell_v i_o be_v no_o body_n oblige_v to_o obey_v the_o king_n or_o not_o to_o plot_v against_o he_o until_o he_o have_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o contrary_a this_o will_v make_v mad_a work_n indeed_o and_o upon_o these_o principle_n no_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o obey_v the_o king_n or_o his_o law_n and_o not_o to_o conspire_v against_o his_o person_n or_o government_n until_o he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n so_o that_o three_o part_n of_o four_o of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v absolute_o free_a from_o this_o great_a duty_n f._n no_o sir_n you_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v since_o i_o think_v i_o can_v found_v allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n and_o government_n upon_o a_o much_o firm_a foundation_n than_o that_o of_o be_v bear_v his_o subject_n that_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o suppose_v that_o our_o obligation_n commence_v from_o our_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n that_o though_o i_o think_v it_o may_v serve_v to_o enforce_v our_o former_a obligation_n to_o our_o king_n and_o country_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o super-induce_a any_o new_a obligation_n thereunto_o for_o indeed_o our_o obligation_n to_o any_o particular_a government_n may_v be_v make_v out_o from_o much_o sure_a principle_n viz._n that_o every_o person_n though_o he_o be_v bear_v free_a yet_o be_v he_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o his_o own_o safety_n oblige_v to_o part_n with_o his_o liberty_n and_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o some_o government_n 49._o nor_o can_v he_o be_v
communion_n can_v depend_v upon_o the_o canonical_a or_o uncanonical_a deprivation_n of_o any_o bishop_n in_o england_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o consider_v these_o thing_n as_o a_o canon-lawyer_n and_o give_v i_o your_o answer_n if_o you_o can_v against_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v and_o then_o tell_v i_o whether_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o threaten_a schism_n be_v so_o just_a and_o apparent_a that_o it_o be_v like_a to_o involve_v so_o many_o of_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o considerate_a of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n into_o open_a separation_n from_o the_o church_n as_o you_o suppose_v it_o will_v not_o but_o that_o i_o will_v grant_v there_o be_v many_o of_o the_o clergy_n of_o this_o opinion_n who_o as_o well_o out_o of_o conscience_n as_o for_o their_o own_o interest_n will_v be_v content_v to_o set_v up_o and_o encourage_v such_o a_o separation_n thereby_o to_o make_v themselves_o head_n of_o separate_a congregation_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o present_a benefice_n and_o employment_n upon_o their_o refusal_n of_o this_o oath_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o hear_v so_o much_o say_v upon_o this_o head_n before_o and_o if_o you_o can_v make_v out_o to_o i_o all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v now_o instance_a in_o i_o know_v not_o but_o that_o i_o may_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n thou_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o ever_o you_o can_v show_v i_o that_o any_o bishop_n be_v deprive_v in_o england_n by_o the_o mere_a lay_v authority_n of_o the_o king_n and_o a_o great_a council_n or_o convention_n of_o the_o laity_n whilst_o they_o continue_v of_o the_o same_o church-communion_n with_o those_o bishop_n for_o as_o to_o your_o instance_n of_o the_o popish_a bishop_n deprive_v by_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n i_o doubt_v you_o will_v find_v it_o do_v not_o come_v up_o to_o the_o point_n in_o question_n since_o the_o queen_n and_o parliament_n have_v then_o new_o declare_v themselves_o protestant_n do_v not_o own_v they_o for_o true_a and_o orthodox_n bishop_n and_o consequent_o think_v they_o may_v just_o depart_v from_o their_o communion_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o account_n may_v deprive_v they_o and_o the_o queen_n may_v then_o nominate_v other_o of_o their_o own_o religion_n in_o their_o place_n f._n i_o can_v but_o differ_v from_o you_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o fack_o as_o you_o now_o relate_v it_o part._n for_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o the_o parliament_n be_v when_o they_o make_v this_o act_n so_o far_o from_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o outward_a communion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n that_o mass_n be_v then_o say_v and_o the_o romish_a priest_n still_o continue_v in_o all_o the_o parish_n and_o church_n of_o england_n and_o yet_o they_o still_o maintain_v a_o outward_a communion_n though_o their_o bishop_n be_v deprive_v by_o the_o civil_a â—ower_n and_o other_o ordain_v in_o their_o stead_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o papist_n themselves_o have_v then_o no_o notion_n of_o this_o new_a cause_n of_o schism_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o bishop_n be_v uncanonical_o deprive_v nor_o indeed_o can_v we_o well_o vindicate_v the_o honour_n or_o legality_n of_o our_o reformation_n if_o the_o protestant_a bishop_n who_o succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o those_o who_o be_v thus_o deprive_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v canonical_a because_o their_o predecessor_n deprive_v by_o the_o lay_v power_n be_v still_o alive_a but_o admit_v this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o ever_o it_o have_v be_v thus_o practise_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v then_o reasonable_a and_o do_v upon_o good_a ground_n i_o can_v see_v but_o when_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o church_n and_o state_n require_v it_o and_o that_o the_o clergy_n in_o convocation_n be_v so_o wilful_a and_o wed_v to_o some_o old_a false_a notion_n as_o not_o to_o consult_v the_o peace_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o church_n and_o kingdom_n why_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n who_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v supreme_a over_o ecclesiastical_a as_o well_o as_o temporal_a person_n may_v not_o together_o with_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n make_v the_o like_a law_n now_o as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o first_o of_o queen_n elizabeth_n for_o a_o less_o matter_n for_o none_o of_o those_o popish_a bishop_n though_o they_o believe_v queen_n elizabeth_n to_o have_v no_o better_o than_o a_o parliament_n title_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o ever_o deny_v she_o to_o be_v their_o lawful_a and_o rightful_a queen_n only_o they_o will_v not_o own_v her_o supremacy_n in_o spiritual_a matter_n but_o leave_v the_o far_a discussion_n of_o this_o point_n to_o those_o who_o better_a understand_v it_o i_o will_v glad_o know_v of_o you_o what_o you_o intend_v to_o do_v and_o what_o you_o will_v have_v we_o do_v who_o be_v like_a to_o be_v make_v deputy_n lieutenant_n and_o justice_n of_o peace_n for_o if_o as_o you_o yourself_o allow_v there_o be_v a_o necessity_n that_o some_o civil_a government_n be_v maintain_v during_o king_n james_n absence_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v of_o you_o how_o it_o can_v be_v manage_v and_o who_o shall_v manage_v it_o in_o case_n all_o the_o gentleman_n of_o england_n be_v of_o your_o principle_n and_o shall_v positive_o refuse_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o their_o present_a majesty_n for_o if_o king_n james_n be_v never_o so_o much_o our_o lawful_a king_n it_o be_v not_o now_o possible_a for_o we_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o he_o since_o he_o be_v goâ—e_n and_o god_n know_v whether_o ever_o he_o may_v return_v again_o since_o than_o you_o can_v have_v he_o if_o you_o will_v and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n we_o shall_v be_v govern_v by_o some_o body_n and_o since_o it_o be_v also_o as_o certain_a that_o those_o who_o actual_o govern_v we_o will_v exact_v this_o or_o the_o like_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n from_o we_o as_o be_v due_a to_o their_o predecessor_n and_o that_o no_o man_n must_v expect_v to_o enjoy_v or_o execute_v any_o place_n or_o office_n not_o only_o of_o profit_n but_o of_o burden_n and_o charge_n for_o the_o necessary_a execution_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o maintenance_n of_o civil_a government_n without_o which_o we_o can_v live_v or_o subsist_v without_o take_v this_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n as_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o qualify_v they_o for_o it_o if_o then_o the_o end_n viz._n civil_a government_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o the_o take_n of_o this_o oath_n be_v the_o only_a mean_n allow_v of_o to_o qualify_v man_n for_o it_o this_o seem_v as_o evident_a to_o i_o that_o take_v of_o this_o oath_n be_v not_o only_o justifiable_a by_o law_n but_o by_o reason_n and_o good_a conscience_n since_o it_o be_v do_v for_o the_o high_a and_o noble_a end_n viz._n the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a nation_n or_o common_a wealth_n which_o you_o grant_v can_v subsist_v without_o some_o kind_n of_o civil_a government_n among_o we_o m._n i_o will_v say_v something_o in_o answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o allege_v concern_v the_o necessity_n of_o take_v of_o the_o oath_n in_o order_n to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o some_o civil_a government_n without_o which_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n good_a subject_n can_v subsist_v till_o his_o return_n since_o i_o confess_v this_o be_v the_o strong_a argument_n you_o have_v yet_o bring_v all_o i_o can_v say_v to_o it_o at_o present_a it_z that_o if_o all_o your_o country_n gentleman_n and_o all_o the_o lawyer_n in_o england_n will_v be_v so_o firm_a in_o their_o loyalty_n to_o his_o majesty_n as_o unanimous_o to_o declare_v that_o they_o can_v take_v this_o oath_n with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n the_o consequence_n than_o will_v be_v that_o either_o the_o present_a usurp_v power_n must_v be_v force_v to_o give_v up_o the_o government_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n or_o else_o they_o must_v at_o least_o desist_v from_o press_v this_o oath_n upon_o you_o f._n you_o know_v well_o enough_o this_o be_v altogether_o a_o vain_a supposition_n since_o you_o can_v but_o be_v sensible_a that_o their_o majesty_n have_v not_o only_o a_o sufficient_a force_n both_o of_o native_a englishman_n and_o foreigner_n on_o their_o side_n who_o can_v force_v those_o that_o shall_v make_v any_o opposition_n to_o the_o take_v it_o and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o many_o fanatic_n and_o commonwealth_n man_n who_o not_o look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o at_o all_o oblige_v by_o your_o notion_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n and_o the_o obligation_n of_o any_o former_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n will_v get_v into_o all_o the_o office_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n and_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o the_o church_n but_o the_o monarchy_n itself_o which_o be_v as_o yet_o preserve_v though_o the_o person_n
that_o administer_v it_o be_v alter_v so_o that_o it_o will_v conduce_v nothing_o to_o king_n james_n affair_n if_o all_o the_o gentry_n and_o lawyer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v go_v about_o to_o refuse_v this_o oath_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v they_o be_v also_o oblige_v to_o take_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o also_o that_o great_a law_n of_o prosecute_a the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o nation_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n m._n well_o since_o i_o can_v expect_v so_o great_a firmness_n of_o mind_n and_o courage_n from_o your_o country_n gentleman_n and_o especial_o the_o lawyer_n who_o have_v be_v always_o but_o too_o forward_o to_o comply_v with_o all_o government_n how_o unlawful_a soever_o and_o since_o you_o who_o think_v that_o you_o may_v lawful_o take_v this_o oath_n not_o only_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o you_o have_v interpret_v to_o countenance_v your_o opinion_n but_o also_o from_o a_o high_a and_o noble_a law_n viz._n that_o of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o nation_n or_o civil_a society_n which_o i_o grant_v must_v be_v maintain_v during_o the_o king_n absence_n since_o you_o say_v there_o be_v a_o necessity_n for_o it_o though_o i_o be_o not_o full_o satisfy_v of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o it_o so_o far_o as_o to_o take_v it_o myself_o yet_o will_v i_o not_o absolute_o condemn_v you_o or_o any_o other_o sincere_o and_o honest_a man_n who_o do_v only_o take_v it_o out_o of_o a_o good_a intent_n to_o maintain_v some_o civil_a government_n among_o we_o and_o also_o to_o keep_v out_o the_o fanatic_n from_o have_v any_o share_n in_o it_o so_o i_o hope_v the_o government_n will_v excuse_v i_o if_o my_o conscience_n will_v not_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o take_v it_o myself_o since_o there_o be_v enough_o of_o you_o who_o be_v free_a to_o do_v it_o without_o we_o so_o that_o if_o i_o can_v keep_v that_o small_a employment_n i_o have_v without_o take_v this_o new_a oath_n i_o will_v free_o give_v it_o up_o since_o as_o long_o as_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v in_o my_o conscience_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o it_o and_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n as_o the_o apostle_n have_v true_o define_v it_o f._n i_o confess_v you_o speak_v very_o honest_o and_o charitable_o in_o this_o matter_n and_o i_o can_v wish_v all_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n have_v the_o like_a moderation_n and_o that_o they_o will_v not_o condemn_v of_o wilful_a perjury_n so_o many_o good_a bishop_n nobleman_n gentleman_n and_o other_o both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o have_v be_v persuade_v that_o they_o may_v take_v this_o oath_n with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n and_o therefore_o pray_v however_o we_o differ_v in_o opinion_n about_o these_o matter_n let_v we_o maintain_v the_o same_o friendship_n for_o each_o other_o as_o we_o have_v before_o m._n sir_n i_o ready_o embrace_v so_o fair_a and_o kind_a a_o offer_n and_o as_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v do_v i_o what_o kind_a office_n you_o can_v whilst_o you_o continue_v to_o act_v under_o this_o government_n so_o i_o will_v promise_v to_o do_v the_o same_o for_o you_o when_o ever_o the_o king_n shall_v come_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o throne_n again_o f._n i_o willing_o and_o thankful_o accept_v the_o proposal_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o your_o friendship_n since_o i_o look_v upon_o your_o dissent_v from_o i_o not_o to_o proceed_v from_o any_o wilfulness_n or_o obstinacy_n but_o out_o of_o a_o tender_a conscience_n and_o too_o great_a and_o high_a a_o sense_n of_o your_o duty_n which_o i_o must_v still_o confess_v be_v error_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o therefore_o now_o take_v my_o leave_n of_o you_o shall_v only_o desire_v you_o to_o believe_v i_o your_o real_a friend_n and_o humble_a servant_n m._n i_o hope_v you_o think_v i_o have_v the_o same_o esteem_n for_o you_o and_o therefore_o must_v always_o own_v myself_o you_o finis_fw-la a_o general_n alphabetical_a index_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o question_n debate_v in_o the_o thirteen_o dialogue_n of_o bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o many_o be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o five_o six_z seven_o eight_o nine_o ten_o eleven_o twelfth_n and_o thirteen_o dialogue_n 1694._o a_o general_n alphabetical_a index_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o question_n debate_v in_o the_o thirteen_o dialogue_n of_o bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la the_o reader_n be_v desire_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o these_o dialogue_n be_v write_v discursive_o and_o not_o determinative_o this_o w._n signify_v the_o question_n by_o the_o word_n whether_o note_v d._n signify_v dialogue_n p._n page_n a_o abel_n w._n subject_a to_o his_o brother_n cain_n by_o divine_a institution_n d._n 2._o p._n 67._o to_o 70._o abesses_fw-la often_o present_a in_o saxon_n and_o french_a great_a council_n d._n 6._o p._n 393._o abbot_n w._n all_o that_o be_v ancient_o summon_v to_o parliament_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la d._n 8._o p._n 556._o and_o how_o many_o come_v to_o be_v by_o degree_n omit_v ibid._n abbot_n and_o abbess_n sometime_o grant_v aid_n by_o themselves_o d._n 7._o p._n 447._o abdication_n of_o the_o government_n w._n a_o king_n can_v do_v it_o any_o other_o way_n than_o by_o some_o express_a act_n d._n 11._o p._n 813_o 815_o 832_o to_o the_o end_n abuse_n of_o governor_n their_o several_a kind_n d._n 3._o p._n 161._o to_o 164._o king_n act_n illegal_a w._n also_o inauthoritative_a d._n 9_o p._n 644._o to_o 649._o act_n of_o parliament_n w._n they_o to_o hold_v good_a though_o not_o call_v by_o the_o king_n d_o 12._o p._n 894._o to_o 896._o adam_n w._n he_o have_v confer_v on_o he_o by_o god_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o whole_a eaath_v and_o of_o all_o creature_n therein_o d._n 1._o p._n 37._o to_o 39_o w._n by_o be_v a_o husband_n and_o father_n he_o be_v also_o absolute_a lord_n over_o eve_n and_o all_o her_o posterity_n ib._n p._n 12._o to_o 25._o adel_n and_o adelman_n their_o signification_n among_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n d._n 6._o p._n 374._o alderman_n its_o signification_n among_o the_o same_o ib._n p._n 375._o alderman_n of_o country_n who_o d._n 5._o p._n 370._o king_n alfred_n his_o testament_n d._n 10._o p._n 721._o st._n alban_n burrough_n petition_v to_o king_n edw._n the_o second_o d._n 8._o p._n 576_o to_o 578._o allegiance_n w._n due_a by_o law_n to_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la d._n 13._o p._n 905._o to_o the_o end_n the_o word_n alij_fw-la in_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n w._n it_o signify_v only_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la d._n 7._o p._n 491_o 493_o 518._o 523._o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n have_v be_v sometime_o elect_v in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n d._n 8._o p._n 570_o 571._o stand_v army_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n against_o law_n d._n 9_o p._n 638_o 639._o great_a assembly_n at_o runne-mead_n w._n it_o be_v a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n p._n 453_o 454._o attainder_n of_o treason_n against_o king_n de_fw-la facto_fw-la have_v always_o hold_v good_a till_o repeal_v d._n 13._o p._n 910._o authority_n of_o parliament_n the_o phrase_n how_o ancient_a in_o our_o statute-book_n d._n 5_o p._n 334._o to_o 340._o b_o babel_n when_o built_n d._n 2._o p._n 76_o 77._o banneret_n its_o ancient_a signification_n d._n 7._o p._n 540._o baro._n the_o title_n w._n it_o ancient_o signify_v no_o other_o person_n than_o a_o baron_n of_o parliament_n d._n p._n 402._o to_o 407._o barones_n angliae_fw-la w._n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o ib._n p._n 394_o p._n 406._o to_o 411._o barones_n comitatus_fw-la who_o they_o be_v ancient_o d._n 10._o p._n 743_o 744._o barnstaple_n burrough_n its_o â—lea_n to_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n by_o grant_n from_o king_n athelstan_n d._n 8._o p._n 605._o bishop_n w._n they_o derive_v their_o right_n of_o sit_v in_o parliament_n from_o the_o saxon_a king_n d._n 5._o p._n 366._o to_o 368._o they_o sometime_o grant_v aid_n by_o themselves_o d._n 7._o p._n 447._o seven_o bishop_n w._n their_o petition_n to_o king_n james_n against_o his_o declaration_n and_o his_o commitment_n of_o they_o be_v justifiable_a by_o our_o law_n d._n 12._o p._n 823._o to_o 830._o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n ancient_o confer_v by_o the_o king_n per_fw-la annulum_fw-la &_o baculum_fw-la d._n 5._o p._n 36._o 38._o elder_a brother_n w._n lord_n of_o all_o brethren_n by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o nature_n d._n 2._o p._n 65._o to_o 89._o bracton_n that_o passage_n in_o his_o book_n interpret_v viz._n rex_fw-la habet_fw-la superiorem_fw-la deum_fw-la &_o legem_fw-la d._n 10_o p._n 701._o burrough_n w._n any_o of_o they_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n by_o prescription_n d._n 6._o p._n 382_o 383._o d._n
in_o pleyn_n parliament_n that_o be_v in_o full_a parliament_n where_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o be_v present_a that_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o lord_n against_o those_o that_o be_v no_o peer_n shall_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o example_n etc._n etc._n now_o pray_v see_v the_o commentary_n of_o the_o most_o learned_a and_o reverend_a author_n of_o the_o grand_a question_n upon_o these_o word_n in_o this_o record_n this_o have_v all_o the_o formality_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o all_o the_o estate_n be_v present_a so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o year_n in_o the_o next_o roll_n but_o one_o accord_v est_fw-la per_fw-la nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o son_n counsel_n in_o plain_a parliament_n which_o be_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n concern_v those_o that_o have_v follow_v the_o earl_n of_o lancaster_n so_o in_o the_o 5_o the_o of_o this_o king_n we_o have_v the_o particular_a mention_n of_o the_o bishop_n as_o some_o of_o those_o who_o 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if_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o summon_v to_o this_o parliament_n as_o certain_o they_o be_v they_o must_v have_v give_v their_o assent_n under_o the_o title_n of_o grantz_n since_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v particular_o mention_v before_o to_o dialogue_n the_o 10_o the_o p._n 706._o after_o these_o word_n be_v reform_v by_o they_o or_o not_o read_v thus_o and_o that_o king_n james_n the_o first_o himself_o be_v satisfy_v of_o this_o original_a contract_n may_v appear_v by_o his_o own_o word_n in_o a_o speech_n to_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n 1609._o where_o he_o express_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o king_n bind_v himself_o by_o a_o double_a oath_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o his_o kingdom_n tacit_o as_o be_v a_o king_n and_o so_o bind_v to_o protect_v as_o well_o the_o people_n as_o the_o law_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o express_o by_o his_o oath_n at_o his_o coronation_n so_o as_o every_o king_n in_o a_o settle_a kingdom_n be_v bind_v to_o observe_v that_o paction_n make_v to_o his_o people_n by_o his_o law_n in_o frame_v the_o government_n as_o agreeable_a thereunto_o according_a to_o that_o paction_n which_o god_n make_v with_o noah_n after_o the_o deluge_n etc._n etc._n to_o dialogue_n 12._o p._n 874._o after_o their_o successor_n add_v this_o so_o that_o all_o the_o modern_a act_n of_o parliament_n for_o intail_v the_o crown_n be_v make_v and_o ordain_v by_o the_o counsel_n and_o assent_v of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o be_v so_o many_o plain_a declaration_n and_o evident_a recognition_n what_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o english_a government_n be_v in_o that_o grand_a point_n to_o dialogue_n the_o 12_o the_o p._n 898._o after_o the_o word_n of_o the_o say_a parish_n read_v thus_o and_o that_o not_o only_o all_o the_o private_a act_n of_o that_o parliament_n but_o some_o public_a one_o also_o though_o never_o confirm_v in_o the_o follow_a parliament_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o charles_n the_o second_o be_v yet_o hold_v good_a in_o law_n appear_v by_o these_o that_o follow_v viz._n 1._o a_o act_n for_o continuance_n of_o process_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n continue_v by_o which_o all_o writ_n plea_n indictment_n etc._n etc._n then_o depend_v be_v order_v to_o stand_v and_o proceed_v on_o notwithstanding_o want_v of_o authority_n in_o the_o late_a usurper_n and_o therein_o it_o be_v far_o ordain_v that_o process_n and_o proceed_n in_o court_n of_o justice_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n and_o the_o general_a issue_n be_v plead_v till_o august_n 1._o 1660._o as_o if_o the_o act_v make_v during_o the_o usurpation_n for_o that_o purpose_n have_v be_v good_a and_o effectual_a law_n and_o upon_o this_o foot_n only_o stand_v many_o fine_n recovery_n judgement_n and_o other_o proceed_n at_o law_n have_v and_o pass_v between_o april_n 25_o 1660_o and_o august_n 1._o 1660._o 2._o a_o act_n for_o conform_v and_o restore_a of_o minister_n this_o act_n be_v usual_o to_o this_o day_n set_v forth_o and_o plead_v in_o quare_fw-la impedit_n though_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v refuse_v upon_o debate_n to_o be_v confirm_v in_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o 13_o of_o car._n ii_o when_o divers_a other_o act_n of_o the_o same_o time_n be_v confirm_v yet_o both_o these_o act_n have_v no_o other_o authority_n but_o from_o that_o convention_n as_o you_o call_v it_o have_v be_v judge_v and_o constant_o allow_v to_o be_v good_a law_n for_o above_o these_o 30_o year_n to_o dialogue_n the_o 13_o the_o p._n 966._o after_o these_o word_n be_v still_o alive_a read_v this_o and_o to_o show_v you_o that_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n have_v deprive_v even_o bishop_n of_o their_o own_o communion_n and_o that_o such_o deprivation_n have_v be_v hold_v good_a and_o that_o the_o king_n have_v nominate_v new_a bishop_n upon_o the_o vacancy_n you_o may_v see_v in_o dr._n burnet_n history_n of_o the_o reformation_n and_o in_o the_o appendix_n to_o it_o where_o you_o will_v find_v a_o memorable_a act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o 25_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o viii_o before_o his_o departure_n from_o his_o obedience_n to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n whereby_o cardinal_n campegio_n and_o hieronimo_n de_fw-fr ghinicci_n be_v deprive_v of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o salisbury_n and_o worcester_z which_o they_o have_v hold_v for_o near_o 20_o year_n and_o campegio_n have_v without_o doubt_n be_v install_v in_o it_o when_o he_o be_v in_o england_n the_o act_n itself_o be_v so_o remarkable_a i_o shall_v give_v you_o some_o passage_n out_o of_o it_o verbatim_o first_o the_o preamble_n set_v forth_o that_o whereas_o before_o this_o time_n the_o church_n of_o england_n by_o the_o king_n most_o noble_a progenitor_n and_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o same_o have_v be_v found_v ordain_v and_o establish_v in_o the_o estate_n and_o degree_n of_o prelacy_n dignity_n and_o other_o promotion_n spiritual_a etc._n etc._n which_o sufficient_o confirm_v what_o i_o but_o now_o assert_v that_o all_o the_o bishopric_n be_v found_v by_o our_o king_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o grand_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o then_o it_o proceed_v to_o recite_v that_o whereas_o all_o person_n promote_v to_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n aught_o to_o reside_v within_o the_o realm_n for_o preach_v the_o law_n of_o almighty_a god_n and_o keep_v hospitality_n and_o since_o these_o prelate_n have_v not_o observe_v these_o thing_n but_o live_v at_o rome_n and_o carry_v the_o revenue_n of_o their_o bishopric_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n contrary_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o founder_n and_o to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o the_o realm_n etc._n etc._n in_o consideration_n whereof_o it_o be_v enact_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n that_o the_o say_v two_o see_v and_o bishopric_n of_o salisbury_n and_o worcester_z and_o either_o of_o they_o henceforth_o shall_v be_v take_v repute_v and_o account_v in_o the_o law_n to_o be_v void_a vacant_a and_o utter_o destitute_a of_o any_o incumbent_n or_o prelate_n and_o then_o follow_v a_o clause_n enable_v the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n to_o nominate_v and_o appoint_v successor_n be_v the_o native_n of_o this_o realm_n to_o the_o say_a see_v and_o the_o king_n do_v nominate_v successor_n according_a to_o the_o say_v act._n a_o table_n of_o errata_fw-la the_o author_n occasion_n not_o permit_v 〈…〉_z town_n whilst_o most_o of_o these_o dialogue_n be_v in_o the_o press_n beg_v pardon_n for_o the_o many_o errata_n in_o some_o of_o they_o and_o desire_v you_o to_o correct_v such_o gross_a one_o that_o alter_v or_o disturb_v the_o sense_n viz._n dial._n 1._o p._n â—0_n l_o 24._o for_o author_n r._n authority_n p._n 52._o l._n 37._o for_o four_o r._n 5_o p._n 36._o l._n 38._o for_o right_n r._n rite_n dial._n 2._o p._n 80._o l._n 25._o del_o hundred_o r_o thousand_o p._n 80_o l._n 22._o d._n greek_a p._n 84._o