succeeded the King his Father the 14th of May 1643. He was declared Major or at Age the 7th of September 1651. Consecrated at Reims 1654 and Married at St. John de Luz's the 9th of the same Month 1660. As to his Consecration or Anointing for so the French call the Coronation of their Kings though the Medals made on that occasion bear date the 31th of May you are to remark that it was not performed till the 7th of June of the said Year 1654. I thought I could not give you a more faithful Draught of the Person of our Invincible Monarch than that which I have borrowed from the words of the late Archbishop of Paris in the History that Illustrious and Learned Prelate composed of Henry the Great Yes Sir saith he to him Heaven has given you a generous good and bounteous Soul a Wit sublime and capable of the greatest things an happy and easy Memory an Heroick and Martial Courage a clear and solid Judgment a strong and vigorous Body and over and above all this another very particular advantage and that is That Majestic Presence that Air and Gate almost Divine that shape and that beauty worthy of the Empire of the Vniverse that attracts the Eyes and Respect of the whole World and which without the Force of Arms and without the Authority of Commands wins you all those to whom your Majesty is pleased to shew your Self The King of France is called Most Christian for the great and Signal Services received by the Church and the Holy See from this Crown He is also for the same reason stiled the Eldest Son of the Church and by several Bulls of Popes a priviledge has been granted to the Kings of France that they should not be liable to Excommunication nor their Subjects absolved of the Oath of Allegiance due to them This Monarch is in point of precedence the first King of Christendom notwithstanding the opposition of the Kings of Spain who never disputed or did so much as take place next after our Kings before the time of the Emperour Charles the Fifth and then other Kings preceded them It is true indeed that that Emperour being likewise King of Spain because his Ministers and Ambassadours preceded those of France as representing the Emperour the Spaniards under his Successour Philip the Second who was only King of Spain endeavoured under that pretence in the Year 1558. at Venice to gain the Precedence of France but that Republick regulated that dispute and ordered the Precedence to be continued to the Ambassadours of France as Pope Paul the Fourth had done before And Philip the Fourth the King of Spain last deceased agreed to it by the satisfaction he caused to be made to the King of France by the Marquess de la Fuente his Ambassadour Extraordinary in the presence of eight Ambassadours and twenty two Residents or Agents the 24th of March 1662. for the Assault made by his Ambassadour on ours in England in October 1661. The Title of the King of France is so Excellent and so much exalted above that of other Kings that Suidas an ancient Greek Author writes that in the World when it is said only the King without naming who it was meant of the King of France Matthew Paris calls him Terrestrium Rex Regum the King of Earthly Kings And Bodin says that that King is Emperour in France and many assert it to be a common notion of all the Nations of the World that the Quality of King is much more sublime than that of Emperour Pope Gregory the first lib. 9. Ep. 6. Writing to Childebert King of France says that the Kings of France as much surpass all other Kings of the Earth as the Royal Dignity is exalted above the rest of men CHAP. IV. The Genealogy of the Royal Branch of Bourbon SAint Lewis the Ninth of that Name had four Sons of which there was none but Philip the Bold and Robert his Fourth Son that left Issue Of this Robert Count of Clermont who was afterward Lord or Sire of Bourbon are descended our Kings in manner as follows Robert Count of Clermont in the Country of Beauvais Married Beatrix Sole Heiress of John of Burgundy Count of Charolois and of Agnes Daughter of Archimbald the Younger Sire of Bourbon and by her he had Lewis Sire of Bourbon in favour of whom the said Land Sirerie Lordship or Barony of Bourbon was erected into a Dutchy or Peerage by Philip de Valois in the Year 1329. which Lordship belonged to him in right of his Mother whose Name he bore according to the Articles of the Contract of Marriage between his Father and Mother Lewis had Issue Peter Duke of Bourbon and James Earl of Ponthieu and de la Marche Constable of France But because the Masculine Line of the said Peter is extinct we shall leave it to speak of that of James of Bourbon Earl of Ponthieu James of Bourbon Earl of Ponthieu had John of Bourbon by Jean de Chatillon Daughter of the Earl of St. Paul John of Bourbon had by Catharine of Vendome Sister and Sole Heiress of Bouchard last Count of Vendome James King of Naples who leaving no Children transferred the Birth-right to his Brother Lewis Lewis of Bourbon Count of Vendome Grand Master of France had by Jean Daughter of Guy Count de Laval Lord of Gaure John the Second of that Name Earl of Vendome John the second of Bourbon had by Isabelle of Beauvais Daughter of the Lord of Pressigny Francis his Successour and Earl of Vendome and Lewis Prince de la Roche Sur-Yon Francis of Bourbon had five Children by Marie of Luxemburg Countess of St. Paul the Eldest was Charles Count and made Duke of Vendome by King Francis the First Charles the First of Bourbon Duke of Vendome had seven Male Children by Francise Daughter of Renie Duke of Alencon of which there were but two that left Issue viz. Antony of Bourbon who succeeded him as first Heir and was afterward King of Navarre and Lewis of Bourbon Prince of Condé Duke of Anguien Marquess of Conti Count of Soissons which latter had among other Children Henry the First of that Name Prince of Condé whose Son Henry the Second Prince of Condé was Father of Lewis of Bourbon Prince of Condé of Armand of Bourbon late Prince of Conti and of Anne-Geneveve of Bourbon Dutchess of Longueville who had Children as we shall say afterward Antony of Bourbon Duke of Vendome had by Joan d' Albret Queen of Navarre Daughter of Henry the Second of that Name King only of Navarre and of Margaret d' Angouleme-Valois Daughter of Francis the First King of France Henry the third of that Name of Navarre who reuniting together the two Crowns of France and Navarre was named Henry the Great the Fourth of that Name King of France and Navarre Father of Lewis the Just and Grandfather of Lewis our glorious Monarch who by his great Actions as well as his Grandfather has
acquired to himself the Surname of Great You are to remark that as soon as any Branch of the Blood Royal comes to the Crown that they quit their former Surnames and take up that of France So the King stiles himself Lewis of France and not of Bourbon in which several people have been mistaken and Monsieur Philip of France c. though they Sign only with their Christian-Name without adding of France CHAP. V. Of the Children of France THE Children of France are only the Kings Children the Children of the Dauphin or the Kings Eldest Son and the Kings Brothers or Sisters and the Brothers Children the Sisters being always either Married abroad or made Religious all others of the Royal Family are called Princes of the Blood The first Son of the Kings of France is called the Dauphin and the second Son of France is called Monsieur without addition of any other Title But after the Dolphin his younger Brethren are Dukes of Orleans of Anjou of Alencon of Valois of Touraine of Berry of Ponthieu and other Apanages these younger bear the Surname of France and Sign only with their proper Names as the King does so likewise do the Daughters of France who are stiled Ladies The Dauphin was Born at Fountain-Bleau the first of November 1661. about Noon and Baptized at St Germains en Laye in the Court of the Old Castle the 24th of March 1668. by Cardinal Antony Barberin Great Almoner of France His Godfather was our Holy Father Pope Clement the Ninth Represented by the Cardinal Duke of Vendome Legate à Latere and his Godmother the Queen Mother of England Represented by the Princess of Conty who named him Lewis The Dauphin is Heir Apparent of the Crown of France and bears the Title of Dauphin by vertue of a Donation of the Province of the Dauphinate made by Humbert last Prince Dauphin of Viennois to Philip de Valois in the Year of our Lord 1349. upon condition the Eldest Sons of the Kings of France should thenceforward be stiled Dauphins For that reason he bears the Arms of France Quarter'd with those of the Dauphinate environed with the two Orders of the King because the Sons of France wear the blue Ribband from their Cradles His Coronet is raised with Flower-deluces as is that of all the Sons of France Some Authors had formerly without any ground affirmed the Dauphins used to wear their Coronets closed by way of Excellence but the Abbot of Brianville who had likewise upon their credit averred the same thing in his Game of the Coats of Arms of Europe hath since found the contrary upon all the Seals Coins and other Monuments and afterwards presented to the King such a Coronet of his own Invention closed by four Dolphins whose Tails meet all in a Button or knob with four Angels supporting a Flower-deluce which his Majesty liked so well that he order'd the Dolphin should wear no other The Princess that Heaven has replenisht with all sorts of Vertues to be the worthy Spouse of my Lord the Dauphin is named Marie-Ann-Christine-Francise-Josephe-Terese-Antoinette-C ajetane-Hyacinthe Felicia-Victoria of Bavaria Born in 1660. the 28th of November or the 18th old Stile She is only Sister to the present Elector of Bavaria Daughter of Ferdinand-Marie late Elector of Bavaria and of Henriette-Adelaide of Savoy Her Marriage with the Dauphin was Celebrated at Municke in Bavaria the 28th of January 1680. and the Ceremonies or the Benediction of the said Marriage was renewed in France at Chaalons in the Chappel of that Bishoprick between the hours of 7 and 8 at Night the 7th of March the same Year by the Cardinal of Bouillon Great Almoner of France who next Morning said the solemn Mass on that occasion By her he has three Sons the Duke of Burgundy the Duke of Anjou and the Duke of Berry Monsieur the Duke of Burgundy was Born at Versailles the 6th of August 1682. about a quarter and five or six minutes of an hour after ten at Night Some call him Monseigneur or My Lord Duke of Burgundy He is a very handsome Prince and seems to be very healthy He was sprinkled that is he received the essential part of Baptism without the Ceremonies which in the Children of France are commonly deferred some Years by the Cardinal of Bouillon Great Almoner of France presently after his Birth The King sent him the Cross of the Order of the Holy Ghost by the Marquess of Signelay Minister and Secretary of State and Treasurer of the Orders of his Majesty The Duke of Anjou was Born at Versailles at half an hour after four in the Morning on Sunday the 19th of December 1683. The Duke of Berry was Born on Saturday the 21st of August Old Stile and the last of August New Stile 1686. The Children of France that are deceased were 1. The most High and Mighty Princess the Lady Anne-Elizabeth of France was Born the 28th of November 1663. and died in the Castle of the Louvre the 10th of January 1664. 2. The most High and Mighty Princess the Lady Marie-Anne of France was Born the 17th of November 1664. and died in the Castle of the Louvre the 26th of December the same year 3. The most High and Mighty Princess the Lady Marie-Terese of France was Born half an hour past ten at Night the second of January 1667. and died the 1st of March 1672. at the Age of five Years and two Months She was Baptized in the Chappel of the Tuilleries in January 1668. and had for Godfather Monsieur the Present Duke of Orleans and for Godmother Madame the late Dutchess Dowager of that Name 4. The most High and Mighty Prince the Lord Philip Son of France Duke of Anjou was Born the 5th of August 1668. at St. Germains en Laye where he died the 7th of July 1671. at the Age of three years wanting 25 days He was Baptized in the Chappel of the Tuilleries by Cardinal Antony Barberin Great Almoner of France the 24th of March 1669. his Godfather was the Emperour represented by the Duke of Orleans and his Godmother the then Queen of Spain Represented by his Sister the Lady Marie-Terese of France 5. The most High and Mighty Prince the Lord Lewis-Francis Son of France also Duke of Anjou was Born the 14th of June 1672. and died the 4th of November the same year These two Dukes of Anjou are here placed according to the order of their Birth after the Ladies their Sisters though 't is well known they being of the nobler Sex took place before them though they were elder which Order is observed by the Officers of both Sexes that served them When there are any Children of France They are served by several of the Kings Officers As for Example The Kings Chaplains say Mass every day in their Chamber The Chief Physician or one of the Physicians of the quarter is present when they are shifted the Valets de Chambre come thither and serve them too The Door-Keepers do their
to Kiss There are eight Clerks of the Chappel and Oratory that serve Quarterly two each Quarter before the King or before the Dauphin and his Children They have each 180 l. a year Wages paid by the Treasurers of the Houshold for three Months Service to the King and Diet at the Almoners Table at Court during their said three Months Service 75 l. a piece paid by the Treasurers of the Offrings for Furniture for the Kings Chappel 90 l. Wages or recompense at the Treasure Royal for serving every other year at the Dauphins and their diet at the Serdeau's or Deservers Table at the Dauphins and when no Table is kept half a Pistol a day for their diet as have the Chaplains 100 l. for Furniture for the Dauphins Chappel They have likewise every other year 90 l. recompense paid at the Treasure-Royal for three Months serving the Duke of Burgundy 270 l. for their diet at their quarters end paid at the Chamber of Deniers and 100 l. for the Furniture of that Chappel paid likewise at the Treasure Royal which makes up one year with another 580 l. Revenue yearly besides their diet at Court and some other profits as for Fees due to them from Bishops and others at their taking the Oaths of Allegiance to the King in his Chappel and Oratory c. Besides all this when his Majesty gives Mourning at any time to the Officers of his Houshold and of his Chappel the Clerks of the Chappel and Oratory have an equal allowance with the Chaplains as it was confirmed in 1684. at the Mourning for the late Queen Marie-Teresa of Austria the Clerks of the Chappel having allowed them on that occasion 50 Crowns as well as the Chaplains for every Marriage Celebrated in the Kings Presence his Majesty allows them 20 golden Lewis's paid by the Principal Valet de Chambre then in Waiting which are at present divided between the two Chaplains and the two Clarks of the Chappel who are in waiting at the time of such a Ceremony The Chaplains and Clarks of the Chappel in the absence of the Almoners may perform almost all the Functions which they might do if present being as it were their Vicars by their places You are to observe that of the three Officers last named viz. Of the Almoners Chaplains and Clarks of the Chappel when they go out of waiting with the King there enters into waiting with the Dauphin one Almoner one Chaplain and one Clark of the Chappel and with the Dauphins Children only one Chaplain and one Clark of the Chappel You are likewise to observe that in the general Account-Books of the Kings Houshold the Ecclesiastical Officers are called Masters and in the Book of Accounts of the Chamber of Deniers the first eight Chaplains and the eight other Clarks of the Chappel are equally placed under the Title of the Kings sixteen Chaplains There are two Grooms of the Chappel who have 600 l. a year each The 20th of December 1669. the King Created an Office of Master of the Ecclesiastical Ceremonies of his Chappel and Oratory which is at present vacant He began first to exercise the Functions of his place on All Saints day in 1668. and bore for a mark of his Office a Staff about the length of a Singing Mans Staff covered with Violet-coloured Velvet wrought with Flower de luces and headed with a Crown Royal and used to serve principally at high Masses Vespers and other Ecclesiastical Ceremonies where his Majesty was present or that were performed by his Order He had 1500 l. per annum Wages paid quarterly The 2d of December 1681. The King Created an Office of Vestry-Keeper of his Chappel and Oratory who has 900 l. a year Wages and 1095 l. a year for his Diet and takes an Oath of Fidelity in presence of the Lord Great Almoner Note The manner of taking the Oath of Fidelity is thus The Party who takes the Oath kneeling on his Knees puts his hands joined between the Kings or any other dignified persons hands who receives the said Oath and so pronounces the Oath and after Kisses the Gospels which are presented to him and this is the reason of the French Phrase Prèter serment entre les mains du Roy to take an Oath between the Kings Hands when they speak of taking one to him CHAP. XIII Of the Musick of the Kings Chappel THE Musick of the Kings Chappel is composed of a Master of the Kings Chappel-Musick who is at present the Archbishop of Reims c. and has under the name of Wages 1200 l. and 3000 l. more for his Table at Court paid at the Chamber of Deniers He receives the Oath of Fidelity from the four Chaplains for the High-Masses from five Clerks from the Musick-Masters Organists and Singers and others of the Chappel-Musick Four Masters of the Musick that serve each their quarter The first of these performs all the Ecclesiastical Functions of a Musick-Master during the half year beginning from January and besides during all the same time he has care of the nourishment Education and maintenance of the Pages of the Musick And the second has the like care of them during the other half year You are to take Notice that in the Account-Books of the smaller expences by which all Wages of the Chappel-Musick are payed they are only stiled Under-Masters of the Musick Two Composers of the Musick 50 Crowns Four Organists 600 l. They serve quarterly There are several Musicians that serve all by the half year at the ordinary allowance for Diet and Maintenance of 900 l. a year and the Pages of the Musick c. Two Fouriers or Harbingers of the Chappel of the Kings Musick serving by the half year Two Grooms and one Landrer of the Musick Chappel Of the Clergy of the Kings Houshold and Court in general Thus much of the Ecclesiastical Officers that serve about the King and other Royal Persons There are besides them other Ecclesiastical Officers appointed for the Kings Houshold and the whol-Court in general viz. Six Almoners of the Kings Houshold serving every six Months whereof the last was added in 1670. whereas there were but five before They have for their Wages a Denier being the twelfth part of a penny upon every Liver or twenty pence French out of the Wages of all the Officers Commoners of the Kings Houshold each receiving 331 l. 2 pence and 48 l. besides at the Chamber of Deniers for every half year Formerly they used to Bless the Meat at the ancient Table of the great Master and at that of the Stewards of the Houshold when they had their diet at Court and they likewise rendred thanks there placing themselves at the upper end of the Table At present they eat at Court at the Table called the Almoners Table The Confessor and Preacher of the Houshold or of the Commoners as they are called have an allowance of 300 l. a year and likewise his diet at the Almoners Table He takes an
serve quarterly and in their Certificates of Service are called Valets de Chambre Their Salary yearly is 300 l. and 37 l. 10 d. Gratuity Their Office is every day to help the Valets de Chambre to make the Kings Bed They are obliged to take charge of the Kings Houshold-Stuff in the time of their Waiting when his Majesty is abroad in the Country or in the Field and to put up or take down his Furniture When the Court is on the march into the Country or the Field there always goes to a first and second Chamber that is Furniture of all forts for two Chambers because one would not be enough The first of these Chambers or the first Suit of Furniture is sent away always the Night before the King begins his Journey that so the King when he comes next day to the place where he is to lie at may find his Chamber ready furnished and the next day the Furniture for the second Chamber keeps on its march outright to the second Stage of the Journey and so along to the end of the Journey and back again and of the two Upholsters that are then in Waiting one conducts the first Chamber and the other the second He that waits at the Dauphins is allowed forty pence or ten Groats a day for his Diet. There are likewise four Clocks or Watchmakers that in their Patents are stiled Valets de Chambre and eat at their Table their Salary is 200 l. a piece Of the Yeomen of the Chamber There are six Yeomen in Ordinary of the Chamber they have under the notion of Wages together with other allowances 658 l. yearly They wait always in the Chamber to be ready to receive the Orders of their Superiours or in their absence from the King himself They take care of the Wax-Lights in the Kings Chamber and in his other Apartments and what is left of them is their Fees every where but at Versailles They open the Bed-Chamber Door every Morning before the Ushers come They have their share in all Gratuities given by Governours and Lieutenants of Provinces c. when they take the Oath of Fidelity to the King in his Bed-Chamber as is aforesaid They have a Table a part and in the year 1675 his Majesty by fresh Patents was pleased to confirm all former Grants made to them they as other Officers of the Bed-Chamber are Sworn by the Chief-Gentlemen of the said Chamber When the King or any other persons of Quality play at any Game in the Kings Bed-Chamber or any where else in his Apartments they have the profits of the Box unless it be at Versailles They are to make ready several necessary things in the Chamber as Tables Carpets and Seats for the Councils that are held in the Kings Chamber and for the Council of Finances or of the Treasury which is likewise held in his Majesties Chamber and they furnish Pen Ink Paper and Sand for which they are allowed 200 Crowns they lie always near the Kings Chamber and just by his Chests or Trunks they go and carry word to the Officers of the Kitchin when his Majesty has a mind to have any Broth or to Breakfast and to the Officers of the Wardrobe to bring the Kings Cloaths and every Night they light the Lamp that is placed in a Corner of the Chamber and burns all Night There likewise belong to the Bed-Chamber two Chair-men for business who have 600 l. Salary out of the Privy-Purse and 200 l. Gratuity at the Treasure Royal. The Table-Carrier likewise carries a Chair of State out of thé Bed-Chamber for the King when he goes to High-Mass Tenebras or elsewhere There is one Rubber in Ordinary of the Kings Chamber and Closets who enjoys his place by Commission Who has 540 l. yearly paid him by the Chief Valets de Chambre The Porters of the Bed-Chamber Are nine who carry and remove on all occasions the Kings Beds and other Furniture of his Chamber and Wardrobe They serve quarterly three the first quarter beginning at New-Years-Tide and two every of the other quarters Their yearly allowance counting all things amounts to 340 l. a year They have some Servants under them Besides there is a Captain of the Mules of the Chamber who has several Servants under him that Conduct and Load and Unload the Chests of the Kings Chamber and Wardrobe Other Officers assuming also the Title of Valets de Chambre Are the Painters Shoomakers Joyners Glasiers Lock-smiths Carvers and other like Tradesmen and Artists as likewise others belonging to the Wardrobe c. Of the Wardrobe or the manner of the Kings Dressing and Undressing There is at present but one Great Master of the Wardrobe He has likewise the Honour to have place in his Majesties Coach He has by way of Salary together with other allowances 19600 l. yearly He has the Charge of the Kings Cloths Linnen and Shoes and Stockings and what he leaves off he has for his Fees In the absence of the Princes the Great Chamberlain and the Chief Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber he gives the King his Shirt and in the Morning when his Majesty Dresses himself he puts on his Wast-Coat his Blue-Ribban and his strait Coat and presents him his Sword and at Night when he is going to Bed he presents him his Night Wastcoat Cap and Handkercher and asks him what Cloths he pleases to wear the next day You are to take notice That the Kings Handkercher is always presented him upon a Vermilion guilt Salver which is a kind of Plate-Stand Upon great Festival and Solemn Days he fastens on his Cloak the Collers of his Orders after he is Drest He has an Apartment in the Kings Lodgings What place he has at Audiences and other Solemnities I have already told under the Articles of the Great Chamberlain and chief Gentlemen Next are two Masters in Ordinary of the Wardrobe that serve by turns each of them his year Of their Salary and other allowances I find no account They take the Oath of Fidelity to the King in Person And in the absence of the Great Master of the Wardrobe and his Superiours they give the King his Shirt and do other things that he should do They are likewise present at Audiences of Ambassadours and mount upon the highest part of the Cloth of State He of them that is in waiting has an Apartment in the Kings Lodgings In the Morning when the King rises he presents him his Cravat his Gloves his Cane and his Hat The King himself empties the Pockets of the Suit he leaves off into those of the Suit he intends to put on but the Master of the Wardrobe is to hold those Pockets to him while he empties them At Night when the King goes out of his Closet the Master of the Wardrobe waits for him at the Door and takes his Gloves his Cane his Hat his Belt and Sword When his Majesty goes to Bed he first kneels down at his Praying-Desk which is by
Letters Patents of the Month of August in 1658. All Persons that print any Books by Priviledge are bound to bring two Copies of the said Books The Keeper of it has a Salary of 1200 l. He has likewise one Closet of Rarities and a Library left him by his Uncle Gaston late Duke of Orleans and another Library called the Kings Publick Library which are both now kept by one Person under the Title of Intendant and Keeper of the Kings Library and of his Closet of Manuscripts Medals and Rarities both antient and modern who has a yearly Salary of 2400 l. and 1800 l. for his Diet. All that print Books by Priviledge are likewise bound to bring two Copies more of every the said Books to this Library There is likewise one Master of the Library stiled otherwise the Great Master of the Kings Libraries who has a Salary of 1200 l. After the Closets and Libraries of Books it will not be amiss to place the Lecturers Interpreters and Historiographers kept by his Majesty his Governours that brought him up and his Masters of Exercises There are two Lecturers of the Kings Chamber and Closet who are allowed yearly for their Salary and Diet 2600 l. each There are several Interpreters of Languages and Historiographers who have each 500 l. yearly Stipend He who was Governour to this present King in his Minority had a Salary of 48000 l. yearly under whom there were two Under-Governours whose Salary was 7500 l. each He had likewise several Masters for all sorts of Exercises as for Mathematicks Fencing Writing Designing Dancing Vaulting on Horseback playing on the Lute Guitarre c. There is one Master of the Tennis who has a Salary of 1200 l. Next is The Closet of Arms. The Keeper of which is stiled the Guardian and Artillery-Keeper in Ordinary to the King and has a Salary of 400 l. Then The Closet of Antiquities Where there are a great many rare Marble Figures The Keeper of which has 300 l. Salary To this belong One Chief Painter the Famous Monsieur le Brun Director or Super-Intendant of the Kings Closets and Pictures and of the Manufactures at the Gobelins at Paris and Chancellor and Principal Rector of the Academy of Painting and Sculpture who has 1200 l. Salary and 2000 l. for his Diet And One Painter in Water-Colours at 600 l. Salary There are still some other Companies reckoned as belonging to the Chamber as first those that have care of the Greyhounds of the Chamber The Captain or Serjeant of these has for his Salary and keeping the Dogs 1548 l. paid by the Treasurer of the Privy-Purse There are three Yeomen Keepers of the Grey-hounds that have 120 l. Salary and 186 l. Bord-Wages Next are The Birds of the Chamber Consisting of two Flights one for the Fields and another for the Mag-Pie The places belonging to the keeping of which have been Independant of the Great Falkners Office from the time of Henry the Great and upwards To the first Flight viz. For the Fields belong one Chief or Serjeant who is stiled Captain and Chief of the flight of the Kings Chamber for the Fields and has a Salary of 750 l and 323 l. for the keeping of six Birds One Master-Falconer who has 300 l. One Pricker or Marker of the flight at 250 l. Salary One Officer for the buying of Hawks and their Furniture at 490 l. More allowed for the Hens of the flight 140 l. One Groom-Keeper of the Spaniels of the Kings Chamber for the said Flight who has for his Salary and for the maintenance of eighteen Dogs and himself 1900 l. Belonging to the Flight of the Magpie There is likewise one Captain and Chief at 500 l. Salary besides an allowance of 273 l. 15 d. yearly for the feeding of five Hawks at 3 d. a day a piece One Master-Falconer at 300 l. One Pricker at 250 l. Another Pricker at 214 l. One Falconer-Fowler who has for his Salary and for furnishing fresh Birds 450 l. yearly Besides these There was a new Flight of Birds set up in 1676 under the Title of the Falconry in Ordinary for all sorts of Birds to fly all the year and at the Army it self for the maintenance of which the Captain or Serjeant of them is allowed out of the Kings own Cash-Box 16000 l. which is paid by the Chief Valets de Chambre There are likewise The little Dogs of the Kings Chamber Whose Keeper has 1446 l. Salary and 200 l. for a Livery-Coat He keeps the Dogs that are given the King for Hunting as Setting-Dogs and Dogs for Shooting Flying c. The Kings Pastry-Cook delivers out every day seven Biskets for the Kings little Dogs As for those who in their Certificates of Service are called the Trumpeters and Drummers of the Chamber because they are entred in the Books of the Establishment of the great Stable and are sworn by the Great Master of the Horse I shall rather speak of them when I come to treat of the Great Stable Of the Anti-Chamber Before you come to the Kings Chamber there is an Anti-Chamber into which the Usher lets no Body enter but those he has order to let in or that have business there Note That no person ought to walk up and down in the Anti-Chamber When the King eats in publick the Table is commonly spread for him in the Anti-Chamber and there whether it be at Dinner or Supper he is commonly served with Ceremony After having treated of the Bed-Chamber Wardrobe and Bed-Chamber it will be next most proper to speak of the Keepers of the Houshold-Stuff or moveables above Stairs and their under Officers There is one Intendant and Comptroller-General of the Houshold-Stuff and Moveables of the Crown whose Salary by a Brief of the 16th of May in 1667. were fixed at 3600 l. yearly One Keeper-General of the Moveables of the Crown who has for his own Salary and for keeping two men under him 2000 l. Three Yeomen Keepers at 200 l. a piece Two Pack-Carriers and a Porter One Keeper of the Moveables and Furniture for the King and Ambassadours at 600 l. There remain still three Articles belonging to the Chamber which may properly enough follow here viz. The Musick of the Chamber the Gentlemen in Ordinary of the Houshold and the Officers of Health as the Physicians Chyrurgeons c. Of the Musick of the Chamber This Musick serves the King commonly at Nights when he goes to Bed and at his Dinner and at Hymns of Praises and Thanks Sung on Festival Days and on Corpus-Christi Day they alone Play and Sing at the reposing Altars erected for that Solemnity At great Ceremonies it joins with the Chappel-Musick as at the Kings Coronation and Marriage at the Creation of Knights at Funeral Pomps and Tenebras and is placed always on the side of the Epistle There are two Super-Intendants of the Musick that serve by turns half a year a piece who have a yearly Salary of 660 l. and an
allowance of 131 l. 12 d. a Month for their Diet. The Super-Intendant of the Musicks Office is to examine the Voices and Instruments that compose it that so his Majesty may have good Musick All that is to be sung by this Musick is first to be concerted in his presence and he may if he please keep a Page with him There are two Masters of the Children of the Musick who have the charge of keeping and instructing the three Pages of the Musick of the Chamber and have a Salary of 720 l. These Masters in the absence of the Super-intendant officiate for him There is one Composer of the Musick who may if he please be always doing and beating the Measures of his Works before they come to be examined by the Super-Intendant He that now enjoys this place is the Famous Baptist Lully an Italian by Nation whose Salary is 600 l. There are besides several Singers and Players on Instruments belonging to this Musick who have each a Salary of 600 l. and an allowance of 800 l. for their Diet and 80 Crowns for their Horses to follow the Court. There is likewise a Band of Violins called still the great Band of 24 though they be at present 25 who have each a Salary of 365 l. and play at the Kings Dinner and at Balls and Comedies And another lesser Band called the little Violins in number 21 who have each 600 l. Salary They follow the King along the Country and commonly play at his Supper and at Balls and other his Majesties Recreations with whom at certain Ceremonies as at Coronations Entries into Towns Marriages and other great Solemnities and Rejoicings the other Band of the Violins of the great Stables together with the Hoboys and other Musick of which we shall speak in their place are made to play There is likewise one Usher in Ordinary and Advertiser of the Balets and one Keeper of the Musick-Instruments instead of the two Dwarfs which were used to be specified in the Book of Establishment who have each a Salary of 300 l. Note that whether it be to insinuate the Grandeur of the Kings and Sons of France above all other Soveraign Princes or for some other reason is uncertain it is the Custom in the Court of France that when the Musick of the Kings Chamber by his Majesties Order goes to play before any of the Princes of the Blood except the Sons of France or before any other Princes though they be Soveraign if those Princes put on their Hats the Musick of the Kings Chamber put on their Hats too Thus they did before the Duke of Lorrain at Nantes in the year 1626. but at Perpignan in the year 1642. the Prince of Morgues being told of this Priviledge choser rather to hear the Musick Bare-headed The same thing was observed at the Palace of Mazarin before the Princes of Modena and Mantua in presence of the late Cardinal Mazarin Of the Gentlemen in Ordinary of the Kings Houshold They were Created by Henry the Third to the number of 48 but Henry the Great reduced them to 24. They are entred upon the Book of Establishment and divided into two Bodies as serving each their half year although they observe not so exactly that Order in Waiting The last King Lewis the XIII having exiled one of these Gentlemen and given his place to another the Queen Anne of Austria being Regent re-establisht him that was Exiled without Discarding the other that held his place so that and since that another place was added by way of recompense to a Gentleman for Voyages he had made to Constantinople both which places are still continued so that there are at present 26 but the number to which Henry the IV. reduced them was but 24. They ought to keep near the Kings Person to receive his Commands and when the King has any business to negotiate in Foreign Countries any Troops to be conducted to the Army or to be disposed of into Winter-Quarters when he has occasion to have his pleasure Communicated in the Provinces of his Kingdom and in the Parliaments and Soveraign Courts he commonly makes use of these Gentlemen in Ordinary He likewise makes use of them in all Complements of Congratulation or Condoleance he has a mind to send to other Kings and Sovereign Princes upon any subject of Joy or Affliction befallen them or when he would sound their intentions in any actions that seem to have been done by their Ministers and owned by them as also when he is pleased so far to honour any of the Princes and great Lords of his Kingdom so far as to send to visit them or to present them any Dignities Offices or Marks of Honour from him When the King goes to the Army they have the honour to be his Aids de Camp and if any Prisoners of note be taken his Majesty charges them with the Conduct of them so far as to the Fortresses where his pleasure is to have them kept They are also appointed by the King to attend on Princes and Princesses Exiled that come into France At the Funeral Solemnities of any Children of France they have the Honour to hold up the Corners of the Pall. The King usually commits to them the Government of some young Prince or other They have every of them a Salary of 2000 l. a year which is paid them at the Treasure-Royal upon an establishment apart They had formerly too a Table to themselves but at present they eat at the old Table of the Great Master otherwise called the Table of the Masters of the Houshold They had once a Chief over them who was the Constable of Luynes who had been one of them but they desired his Majesty they might have no more Nor has this Order of Gentlemen onely produced one Constable but several Marshals of France and Knights of the King Orders as the Marshal de Toiras the Marshal de Marillac and several others And because in all Books of Establishments made for the Kings Houshold the Physicians and other Officers relating to the preservation or recovery of health are always placed next after those of the Chamber we shall therefore observe the same Order and speak now Of the Kings Physicians and other Officers of Health Under these two Titles are comprehended First The Physicians 2. The Chyrurgions 3. The Apothecaries 1. The Physicians are The Chief Physician has a Salary of 3000 l 2000 l. Board-Wages at the Chamber of Deniers 16000 l. for his Maintenance 3000 l. for his Coach and abundance of other Gratuities and Perquisites He has a very great Power and can License any to practice Physick though they never passed the formalities of taking Degrees in that Science Note That the Chief Physician sometimes gives Orders in the Kitchin what Diet shall be provided for his Majesty and how when he is under a Course of Physick The first Physicians of the King the Queen the Dauphin and Dauphiness though they be not Doctors of the Faculty
standing Wages Board-Wages and other Fees above 13000 l. yearly for he has 1800 l. yearly standing-Wages paid by the General Treasurer of the Kings Houshold half a Pistol a day or 1825 l. yearly Board-Wages paid by the Master of the Chamber of Deniers 8000 l. Pension paid at the Treasure Royal which amounts in all to 11625 l. Besides which he has Meat for his Broth consisting of twelve pounds of Meat viz. Beef Mutton and Veal in equal portions and a Fat valued at 37 d. and six deniers or a half-penny the King allowing for the whole 4 l. 17 d. half-penny a day which he receives all in money on those days the Officers of the Dauphins Mouth make ready no Victuals for him as usually in Journies c. But upon other days when they dress Victuals for him the said Officers give him but a Crown a day and a certain portion of Meat for his Dinner and Supper agreed upon between him and them He has likewise a Loaf called the Loaf of Essay or tasting Loaf and a Bottle of Wine called the Bottle of Essay or the tasting Bottle every day from the Kings Baker and Wine-Merchant One Chyrurgeon in Ordinary who has 1000 l. standing Wages and half a Pistol a day or 1825 l. Board-Wages One Barber in Ordinary who has 700 l. standing Wages and a Crown a day or 1098 l. Board-Wages One Cash-Keeper or Pay-Master for the Dauphin and all the Children of France at 400 l. standing Wages and 1464 l. Board-Wages One Arquebuse or Armour-Bearer whose appointments amounts to 2200 l. For Hunting one chief Hunter a Pack of Hounds with Officers belonging to it for the Hare and his Highness taking a fancy lately for Wolf-Hunting since the year 1682. maintains for that sport a Pack of a hundred Hounds and twenty Saddle Horses four Lieutenants in Ordinary four Prickers or Huntsmen two Servants of the Blood-Hounds c. The four Lieutenants in Ordinary have each of them 1500 l. yearly appointments paid them out of the Dauphins own private Money-Box or Privy-Purse by the hands of his said Highnesses chief Valet de Chambre or Waiting-Man Both they and the rest under them are Commanded by the Grand Louveteer or Wolf-Hunter of France Two Yeomen or Grooms of the Bed-Chamber who have each of them 400 l. standing Wages out of the Privy-Purse of the Kings Bed-Chamber 180 l. gratuity at the Treasure-Royal and 732 l. Board-Wages at the rate of 40 d. a day One Master of the Mathematicks at 1500 l. Salary who is the Famous Monsieur Blondel who was formerly Envoy Extraordinary to the Northern Kings to the Princes Electours of the Empire and the Grand Signior One Reader One Master Designer who has 300 l. standing Wages paid by the Treasurer of the Houshold 1200 l. Board-Wages at the Chamber of Deniers and 1200 l. Gratuity at the Treasure Royal. One Writing-Master 1200 l. one Fencing-Master 1800 l. one Dancing-Master who has 2000 l. standing Salary out of the Privy-Purse and 100 Crowns Extraordinary when his Highness is abroad in the Country or in the Field One Musick-Master who has 600 l. out of his Highnesses own Privy-Purse Three Yeomen or Grooms of the Wardrobe who have every one 732 l. Board-Wages at the rate of 40 d. a day and 240 l. gratuity at the Treasure Royal. One Landress of the Body 600 l. and One Starcher of the Body at 1000 l. yearly Salary standing and Board-Wages One Porter or Burden-Carrier of the Bed-Chamber who has 30 d. or half a Crown a day or 549 l a year Board-Wages The King being minded to place several Persons of Quality about the Dauphin continually to attend him as his Gentlemen in Ordinary without creating any fixed Offices or Places of that nature made choice for that purpose of nine Lords of his Court viz. the Count de Torigny the Marquiss of Florensac the Count of St. Maure the Chevalier de Grignan the Marquiss of Dangeau the Count of Chivergny the Marquiss of Thiange de ChalenCay the Marquiss d' Vrfé and the Marquiss d' Antain His Highness had three chief Pages called the Children of Honour of whom there remains but one who is at present Bishop and Duke of Laon and one of the antient Ecclesiastical Peers of France These Lords or Gentlemen of Honour have every of them a Pension of 2000 Crowns When the Marshals of the Lodgings or chief Harbingers mark them out Lodgings when they follow the Court they stile them Gentlemen of Honour to the Dauphin Besides these there are two Gentlemen that have been Pages to his Highness to whom the King gives 3000 l. Pension and two present Pages of his Bed-Chamber a Governour of the Pages who has 2000 l. out of the Privy-Purse one Servant or Groom of the Pages and a Sub-Groom one chief Master of the Horse and twelve Footmen Other Officers belonging to the King that after their Quarters Service to his Majesty go and serve the Dauphin Officers under the Great Almoner An Almoner a Chaplain a Clerk of the Chappel and a Groom of the Chappel Vnder the Great Master of the Houshold One Master of the Houshold two Gentlemen Waiters the Masters of the Chamber of Deniers and the Comptrollers-General of the Kings Houshold are likewise so at the same time to the Dauphins and send thither one Comptroller one Clerk or Deputy of the Chamber of Deniers and two Clerks Deputies of the General-Comptrollers serving six Months each Two Chiefs of the Goblet viz. One Chief Pantler and one Chief Butler of the Mouth and one Aid to them both The Officers of the Goblet are allowed 3 l. or a Crown augmentation for every Meal the Dauphin eats in private The said Officers are moreover allowed for Salt Pepper Herbs and other things for the dressing of their own diet because his Highness keeps no common Kitchin 45 l. every Quarter There are two Grooms or Yeomen of the Goblet who have for furnishing Cups Glasses and other things for his Highnesses Table 36 l. a quarter and 50 l. a piece for Cloaths every year An Usher of the Mouth who has 150 l. Wages and 40 d. augmentation to furnish inter-Messes at every Meal his Highness eats at his own private Table One Master Cook at 150 l. Wages one Rosting-Cook and one Boiling-Cook at 100 l. Wages each these three have besides for looking after the Vessels 30 l. quarterly and the Rosting-Cook 6 l. a quarter more for furnishing great Knives one Porter of the Mouth who has 75 l. standing Wages and 36 l. quarterly for furnishing and looking after Pots and Pans Cords Pails and Brooms c. The Grooms and Porters of the Goblet and of the Mouth are allowed 6 l. a quarter for Straw and the three Grooms of the Kitchin have each of them 50 l. a year for Cloaths They that serve under them as Children of the Kitchin have each of them 8 l. a quarter for Larding Pins and Packthred An Usher of the Hall A
Serdeau or Water-Server who is allowed for Salt Knives Cups Glasses and other things for the last Course together with his Wages 600 l. And his Servant under him is allowed 50 l. more for a Suit of Cloaths One Chief or Head of the Wood-Yard or Fuel-Office and one Aid or Helper The Officers of the Fuel-Office or Wood-Yard are allowed for Straw every Month 6 l. each which is 144 l. a year and for Salt Pepper Herbs and other things necessary for dressing their Diet because his Highness has no common Kitchin 45 l. a quarter And the Aid of the Fueller or chief of the Wood-Yard having no standing Wages assigned him in the Establishment is allowed in lieu thereof 50 l. a quarter and the Groom of the Wood-Yard has 50 l. yearly for a Suit of Cloaths One Linnen-Draper and Landrer for Table-Linnen and other Linnen belonging to the said Offices that waits all the year and a Servant under him who is allowed 50 l. a year for Cloaths Officers that come out of the Kings Chamber and Wardrobe Two Ushers of the Chamber four Valets de Chambre or Waiting-men of the Chamber one Cloak Carrier one Barber in Ordinary and one other every four Months from among the Kings They have every one 466 l. 13 d. 4 Deniers standing Wages and 200 l. gratuity but their Board-Wages are different he that waits the four first Months which are reckoned from October has 369 l. the second 360 l. and the third and last 366 l. Board-Wages One Upholster one Chief Valet or Yeoman of the Wardrobe and two other Valets or Yeomen of the Wardrobe Officers of Health One Chyrurgeon who has 600 l. Wages or gratuity and 5 l. a day for his Diet which is in all 455 l. a quarter One Apothecary who has likewise 5 l. a day and an Aid or Helper whom he is to Diet. Officers under the Kings Great Master of the Horse One of the Kings Chief Querries and two of his Querries in Ordinary of the Great Stable and some time ago the four Eldest Pages of the Kings Great Stables used to attend at the Dauphins Stable and Exercise the Horses Officers of the Kings Guards attending the Dauphin are Either a Lieutenant or an Ensign of the Life-Guards by turns who are allowed half a Pistol a day or 450 l. a quarter for their Diet. One Exempt one Brigadeer one Sub-Brigadeer Fifty French Life-Guard-Men and six Suissers The Clerks of the Watch too both of the French Life-Guards and of the hundred Suissers are allowed for furnishing Straw and Straw-Beds and for Carriage of things and persons for the Dauphins Service 50 l. a quarter i. e. 200 l. a year Four Guards of the Gate one Exempt and four or six Guards of the Provostship when his Highness is not with the King Besides these Guards drawn out of the Kings the Dauphin has One Company of Gensdarmes or Men at Arms and one Company of Light-Horse of whom he is Captain who have their Lieutenant-Captains their Deputy-Lieutenants and other inferiour respective Officers Both these Companies are called Dauphins the Company of Men at Arms being called the Dauphin-Men at Arms and that of the Light-Horse the Dauphin Light-Horse He has likewise a Regiment of Horse a Regiment of Foot and a Regiment of Dragoons CHAP. XXXI Of the Dauphinesses Houshold Her Ecclesiastical Officers are A Chief Almoner who is the Bishop of Meaux Wages 200 l. An Almoner in Ordinary 180 l. Four other Almoners 150 l. each A Confessour in Ordinary 180 l. His Brother or Companion 90 l. One Chaplain in Ordinary 120 l. Four other Chaplains at 120 l. each Four Clerks of the Chappel 100 l each A Confessour for the Houshold 120 l. Four Grooms of the Chappel 100 l. each The Ladies and other Female Officers of her Bed-Chamber are A Lady of Honour who is the Dutchess of Arpajon of the Family of Harcourt whose Salary is 1200 l. Two Tiring Ladies who are the Marshal of Rocheforts Lady and the Famous Marchioness of Maintenon who have 600 l each The Mother or Governess of the Maids 600 l. who is the Marchioness of Montchevreuil Two Under Governesses who have each of them 400 l. standing Wages and a gratuity or Pension of 1000 l. The Lady of Honour of the Dauphiness has the priviledge to put in one of her Daughters as Chief Maid of Honour to her Highnesses who is not subject to the Governess or Sub-Governess of the other Maids of Honour and takes Place above the rest in the Coach and at all Ceremonies and Solemnities Her Highnesses Chevaliers or Knight of Honours Daughter may likewise place her self among her Maids of Honour especially at Great Ceremonies And accordingly we find that the Princess of Harcourt Daughter to the Count de Brancas Knight of Honour to the Queen-Mother often assisted with her said Majesties other Maids of Honour at the Ceremony performed by her Majesty of washing the poor Peoples Feet and serving them on Maundy Thursdays Six Maids of Honour One Chief Waiting Gentle-Woman at 300 l. Salary eleven other Waiting Gentlewomen at 120 l. each and one Landress of the Body Other Officers of her Chamber of the Male Sex are A Knight of Honour or Chief Gentleman Usher whose Salary is 1200 l. of whom we shall speak further under the Article of her Highnesses Stables He that at present enjoys this place is the Marquiss d'Angeau one of the Gentlemen of Honour to the Dauphin One Usher in Ordinary of the Chamber whose Salary is 300 l. Four Ushers quarterly Waiters at 180 l. each Two Ushers of the Cabinet or Closet half yearly Waiters 150 l. each Two Ushers of the Anti-Chamber who have the same Salary One Chief Valet de Chambre at 300 l. One Valet or Yeoman of the Chamber in Ordinary 200 l. Sixteen other Valets or Yeomen of the Chamber quarterly Waiters at 180 l. each One Porte-Manteau or Glove-Carrier in Ordinary 180 l. Three Grooms in Ordinary of the Chamber and of the Closet at 100 l. each The Officers of the Wardrobe are A Master of the Wardrobe at 300 l. Salary A Yeoman of the Wardrobe in Ordinary and three other Yeomen of the Wardrobe who have each 150 l. Salary one Womans Taylor four Upholsters one Keeper of the Moveables or Furniture 180 l. one Player on the Virginals 400 l. one Singing Master one Dancing-Master at 400 l. Salary each One Clock-Maker and Clock-Keeper in Ordinary 300 l one Shoomaker 110 l two Joyners at 60 l. each one Chair-man for business 300 l. two Porters or Burden-Carriers of the Chamber at 60 l. each one Groom or Servant in Ordinary to rub the Floors within the Rails in her Highnesses Apartments Her Officers of Health are One Chief Physician who has 600 l. standing Wages and 6000 l. Pension His name is Monsieur Moreau Doctor of Physick of the faculty of Paris and one other Physician for the Houshold at 300 l. One Chief Chyrurgeon or Chyrurgeon of the Body
2. The Bishop and Duke of Langres who is Louis-Marie-Armand de Simianes de Gordes 4. The Bishop and Count of Beauvais who is named Toussaint de Fourbin de Janson 5. The Bishop and Count of Chaalons in Champain Lewis Antony of Noailles of the Family of the Duke of that Name 6. The Bishop and Count of Noyon named Francis of Clermont-Tonnerre The six secular ones that are now only represented were The Dukes of Burgundy Normandy Guyenne And Counts of Toulouze Flanders and Champain The Quality of the twelve antient Peers of France is at present but a kind of Ceremonial Dignity by vertue of which those that possess it have a certain Rank or Precedence in France at the Consecration and Coronation of Kings have Place in Parliament and in the general Assembly of Estates and enjoy the Honours of the Louvre Their first Institution is so uncertain that it is impossible to gather out of History their true Original some attributing it to Hugh Capet and some to Charlemaine or Charles the Great But the Original of the Name and Functions of the Peers of France can properly be derived from nothing else then from the common use and custom of Fiess and Tenures which is that the Vassals holding moveable Fiefs fully and directly of the same Lord are called Pares Curiae aut Domus which is as much as to say Peers of the Fiefs or of the Court that are to assist when the Lord takes possession of his Land to be present at those days when causes relating to the Fiefs are pleaded and judged and have several other rights which are analogically common to them with our Peers of France who in like manner assist at the Consecration and Coronation of the King who is the supream Lord are Counsellers in his Court of Parliament which for this reason is called the Court of Peers so that in a word the Peers of France are but as Tenants that hold of the Monarchy and depend immediately on the Crown such as were the seven Peers in the time of Lewis the Young in the year 1179 or in the time of Hugh Capet who reunited to the Crown the Dutchy and Peerage of France or of Paris which he possessed before he was King So that there remained after that but six ancient Peers that were Seculars to which at several times by degrees were afterwards added six other Ecclesiastical Peers over whom Lewis the Young gave the Primacy to the Archbishop of Reims with the Prerogative of Consecrating and Crowning the Kings Since the time of the said Lewis the Young the number of twelve Peers at those great Ceremonies has been always continued till the present But the Secular Peers are as we have said only represented on that occasion there being none now that bear any of those Titles but only now lately the Duke of Burgundy Eldest Son to the Dauphin and the Count of Toulouze one of the Kings Natural Legitimated Sons Their several Functions at the Kings Consecration and Coronation are these The Archbishop of Reims Consecrates or anoints the King with the Oil of the Holy Ampull or Viol kept in the Cathedral of that Name from Age to Age only for that purpose The Bishop of Laon carries the said Viol the Bishop of Langres carries the Scepter the Bishop of Beauvais the Mantle Royal the Bishop of Chaalons the Ring the Bishop of Noyons the Belt The Duke of Burgundy carries the Crown Royal and girds on the Kings Sword the Duke of Guyenne carries the first square Banner the Duke of Normandy the Second the Count of Toulouze the Spurs the Count of Champain the Banner Royal or Standard of War the Count of Flanders the Kings Sword On the day of the Consecration and Coronation and during the Ceremony these Peers wear a Circle of gold in form of a Crown Now because of the six Secular Peerages there are now five reunited to the Crown and that of Flanders is likewise in part reunited and in part remains still in foreign hands therefore there are on such occasions six Princes or great Lords chosen to represent them and to perform their Functions The Order observed at the Coronation of the present King Lewis the Fourteenth now happily Reigning which was on the 7th of June 1654. was as follows The Ecclesiastical Peers that officiated on that occasion were 1. Anne-Marie de Levis de Ventadour late Arch-bishop of Bourges instead of the Bishop and Duke of Laon. 2. Francis de Harlay then Archbishop of Rouen and at present of Paris for the Bishop and Duke of Laugres 3. Nicholas Choart de Buzanval late Bishop and Count of Beauvais 4. Henry de Baradat late Bishop and Count of Noyon 5. Felix Vialar de Herse late Bishop and Count of Chaalons 6. The late Bishop of Soissons as first Suffragan of Reims anointed the King being assisted by the Bishop of Amiens as Deacon and by Monsieur de Bourlon now Bishop of Soissons but then but Coadjutour to the said Bishoprick as Sub-Deacon The other Bishops that were likewise assistants there were the Bishops of Rennes Coutances of Rhodes of St. Paul irois Chateaux or three Castles of Agde and of Leon. Cardinal Grimaldi performed the Office of Great Almoner of France because of the absence of Cardinal Barberin The Hostages given for the Holy Ampull or Viol were the Marquesses of Vardes of Richelieu of Biron and of Coislin since Duke and Monsieur de Manciny at present Duke of Nevers held up the Kings Train Those who represented the Secular Peers were 1. The Duke of Anjou now Duke of Orleans represented the Duke of Burgundy 2. The late Duke of Vendome the Duke of Aquitain or Guyenne 3. The late Duke of Elbeuf the Duke of Normandy 4. The late Duke of Epernon the Count of Champagne 5. The Duke of Rouanez Gouffier the Count of Flanders 6. The Duke of Bournorville the Count de Toulouze The late Marshal d' Etrées performed the Office of High Constable the late Marshal d' Hospital carried the Scepter the late Marshal du Plessis-Pralin the Crown the late Marshal d' Aumont the hand of Justice The late Chancelour Seguier officiated his own place the Marshal Duke of Villeroy performed the Office of Great Master or High Steward of France the late Duke of Joyeuse did his Office of High Chamberlain and the Count de Vivonne who had the Reversion of one of the places of chief Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber after the Duke of Mortemar his Father performed the Function of First or Chief Chamberlain He is at present Marshal Duke de Vivonne CHAP. IV. Of the particular Lords that are at present Dukes and Peers according to the Order of their Verification being in all 29. Names of the Dukedoms and the date of their Verification 1. USês in 1572. 2. Ventadour in 1594. 3. Suilly in 1606. 4. Luynes in 1619. 5. Les diguieres in 1620. 6. Brissac in 1620. 7. Chaunes in 1631. 8. Richelieu in 1631. 9. St.
with her Husband retired into France where in consideration of an honourable Pension for the support of the dignity of so great a Princess she yielded up all her rights to the Dutchy of Lorain and died without Children at Paris the 21th of February 1657. After which the said late Duke Charles Married for his second Wife at Nancy the 5th of November 1665. the Lady Mary of Apremont of Nantenil by whom he had likewise no Children He in like manner yielded up to the King of France the Property and Soveraignty of his Dutchies of Lorain and of Bar which Donation was verified in Parliament in presence of the King himself who sat there in person on his Bed of Justice in the Month of February 1662. Yet there remain two Natural Children of the said late Duke Charles the Third which he had by the Lady Beatrix of Cusance Princess of Cantecroix viz. a Son and a Daughter 1. The Son is Charles-Henry Legitimated of Lorain Prince of Vaudemont Born the 25th of April 1649. and on the 27th of April 1669. at Bar le Duc Married Anne-Elizabeth of Lorain of Elbeuf Daughter of Charles of Lorain Duke of Elbeuf and Anne-Elizabeth of Lannoy de la Boissiere Widow of Henry of Plessis of Liancourt Count de la Recheguyon his first Wife 2. The Daughter is Anne-Elizabeth Legitimated of Lorain Wife to Francis-Marie of Lorain Count of l' Isle-bone who was Born the 6th of August 1649. The late Prince named Francis-Nicholas of Lorain who died at Nancy the 26th of January 1670. was Brother to the said Duke Charles and likewise Married his Cousin-German Claudia of Lorain younger Sister of the abovesaid Dutchess Nicole by whom he left an only Son who is Charles-Leopold-Nicolas-Sixtus of Lorain the present Duke of Lorain in Title though as yet he has no possession of it as having refused to be included in the late Treaty of Nimguen His Titles are Duke of Lorain Marchis Calabria Bar and Gueldres Marquess of Pont-a-Mousson and of Nomeny Count of Provence and of Vaudemont Blamont Zutphen Sarwerden and Salm He was Born at Vienna the 3d of April 1643. On the 15th of February 1678. He Married the Princess Eleonor-Marie of Austria Sister to the Emperour and Queen Dowager of Poland He has for several Years been Generalissimo of the Imerial Forces He took Philipsburg from the French and has done very noble things against the Turks in Hungary at the relief of Vienna the Battel of Gran and the two Sieges of Buda c. The late Duke Charles had likewise two Sisters 1. Margaret of Lorain called Madame Dowager as being Widow of the late Monsieur Gaston Duke of Orleans Brother to the last and Uncle to the present King of whose Children we have spoken she died the 3d of April 1672. 2. Henriette of Lorain the younger Sister Married to her first Husband Lewis of Lorain Prince of Phalzburg Of the second Branch which is of Guise The late Duke of Joyeuse Lewis of Lorain left a Son and two Daughters by his Wife Margaret of Valois only Daughter and Heir of the Duke of Angouleme and of Henriette de la Guiâ—he Lady de la Palisse 1. The Son was named Lewis-Joseph of Lorain Duke of Guise he died the 30th of July 1671. on the 15th of May 1667. he Married Madamoiselle d' Alençon Isabelle of Orleans to whom he left a Son called Francis-Joseph of Lorain Duke of Alençon of Guise c. who died the 16th of March 1675. 2. Madamoiselle of Guise named Marie of Lorain Dutchess of Guise and Joyeuse c. Born in 1615. and 3. Francise-Renée of Lorain of Guise Abbess of Montmarire Born in 1621. and died the 5th of December 1682. Of the third Branch which is of Chevreuse The late Duke of Chevreuse was named Claudius of Lorain Son of Henry of Lorain Duke of Guise he died in his Palace at Paris the 24th of January 1657. and of three Daughters he had by the Lady Marie of Rohan who was Widow of the Constable of Luyne there is none left but Henriette of Lorain of Chevreuse Abbess of Joüare who was Born in 1631. Of the fourth Branch which is of Elbeuf The late Duke of Elbeuf who died the 8th of December 1657. left four lawful Children by Catherine-Henriette Legitimated of France Sister to the late Caesar Duke of Vendome and Daughter of King Henry the Great and of Gabriele d' Etrées Dutchess of Beaufort I. The Eldest who is at present the head of the House of Lorain in France is Charles Duke of Elbeuf c. and Governour for his Majesty in Picardy of the Country and County of Artois of Hainaut and the particular Governour of the Town and Cittadel of Montreuil on the Sea in the said Province of Picardy He was Born 1620. and Married to his first Wife on the 7th of March 1648. Anne-Elizabeth de Lannoy Daughter of the Count of Lazzon and Widow of Henry du Plessis Count de la Rocheguyon and to his second Wife in the Month of May 1656. Elizabeth de la Tour d' Auvergne Sister to the Duke of Boüillon who died the 23d of October 1680. And to his third Wife on the 25th of August 1684. Francise de Montaut de Navailles Daughter of the Marshal Duke of that Name By his first Wife he has two Children Charles of Lorain Prince of Elbeuf Knight of Malta who was Born the 2d of November 1650. and Anne-Elizabeth of Lorain who was Born the 6th of August 1649. and Married to Charles-Henry Legitimated of Lorain Prince of Vaudemont at Bar-le-Duc the 27th of April 1669. By his second Wife he has four Children 1. Marie-Eleanor of Lorain who was Born the 24th of February 1658. 2. Francise-Marie of Lorain who was Born the 5th of May 1659. She is a Nun at the Nunnery of St. Marie in the Fauxbourg St. Jaqu's 3. Henry of Lorain Prince of Elbeuf who has the Reversion of the Government of Picardie he was Born the 7th of August 1661. and Married to Madamoiselle de Vivonne Named Charlotte de Rochechoüart de Mortemart the 30th of January 1677. by whom he has one Son called the Abbot of Lorain whose name is Lewis of Lorain he was Born the 8th of September 1662. and is Abbot of Orcamp 4. Prince Emanuel of Lorain II. Charles of Lorain Count of Harcourt c. was Born in 1623. He Married in the year 1645. Anne of Ornano Niece to the Marshal of that Name by whom he had three Sons and three Daughters viz. 1. Alphonso-Henry-Charles of Lorain Prince of Harcourt Count of Montlaur c. who about the end of February 1667. Married Marie Francise de Brancas Daughter of the Count de Brancas Lady of Honour or of the Palace to the Queen Their Children are 1. Anne-Marie-Joseph of Lorain-Harcourt Count of Montlaur Born the last of April 1679. 2. Suson of Lorain-Harcourt 3. Francis of Lorain-Harcourt The Prince and Princess of Harcourt had the honourable Office of Conducting into
Savoy-Nemours was Born the 21st of June 1646. and was Married in 1665. to Alphonso the Sixth King of Portugal But afterwards that Marriage being declared void because of the Impotence of that King She was Re-Married to his Brother the Prince Don Pedro then declared Regent of Portugal the 28th of March 1680. and who is now King She died the 27th of December 1683. leaving behind her only one Daughter who was Born the 6th of January 1669. and Baptized the 2d of March following and named Elizabeth-Marie-Lewise-Josephe She is called the Princess or otherwise the Infanta of Portugal The Brother of the said Precedent Duke of Nemours was Born in 1625. and was named Henry of Savoy Duke of Aumale who after he had been brought up to the Exercises worthy of a Prince was promoted to the Archbishoprick of Reims and other Benefices But upon the Death of his said Brother he quitted his Benefices to take up the Sword to endeavour to keep up and make to flourish in his person the Illustrious House of Savoy And so taking the Title of Duke of Nemours he Married on the 22d of May 1657. Madamoiselle Anne-Marie of Orleans Daughter to the Duke of Longueville who is now Dutchess Dowager of Orleans but died without Heirs the 14th of January 1659. In whom the Branch of Nemours after it had subsisted in France about the space of 150 years was extinguished Of the Family de la Tour d' Auvergne of which the famous Godfrey of Boüillon All the Princes of this House have remained in France ever since the late Frederick Maurice de la Tour d' Auvergne made an exchange with the King of his Soveraignty of Sedan in the year 1651. who by Contract gave him in lieu thereof the Dutchies of Albret and of Chateau-Thierry and the Counties of Auvergne and Evreux without pretending any thing to the right of Soveraignty this Family has over Boüillon which then had been long usurped from him The said Prince Frederick-Maurice who died at Pontoise the 19th of August 1652. was the Son of Henry de la Tour-d ' Auvergne Duke of Boüillon Soveraign Prince of Sedan and of Raucourt Vicount of Turenne Count of Monfort and of Negrepelice◠and of Elizabeth of Nassau Daughter of William Prince of Orange He Married Eleonor-Fébronie de Bergh who died the 14th of July 1657. by whom he had Issue as follows 1. Emilia-Eleonor de la Tour-d ' Auvergne who is a Nun at the great Convent of the Carmelitesses at Paris 2. Godfrey-Maurice de la Tour-d ' Auvergne Soveraign Duke of Boüillon c. High Chamberlain of France and Governour of the upper and lower Auvergne The Principality of Boüillon upon the Kings Interposition was restored to him and put into his Possession the 15th of June 1678. On the 19th of April 1662. in Presence of their Majesties in the Chappel of the Louvre he Married the Lady Marie-Anne de Mancini Niece to the late Cardinal Mazarine by whom he has 1. Lewis de la Tour Prince of Turenne Born the 14th of January and Baptized the 18th of April 1665. upon whom the Reversion of his Fathers Office of High Chamberlain was Confirmed the 24th of January 1682. 2. A Daughter stiled Madamoiselle of Boüillon 3. Emanuel-Theodosius Abbot of St. Saviours of Redon now Duke of Albret 4. Madamoiselle d'Albret 5. The Duke of Chateau-Thierry 6. Lewis de la Tour d'Auvergne Count of Evreux 7. A Daughter Born the 26th of November 1679. 3. Frederick-Maurice de la Tour d'Auvergne Count of Auvergne Marquiss of Bergopzoom in the Low-Countries Colonel-General of the light-Horse of France Governour and Seneschal of the upper and lower Limosin and Lieutenant-General of the Kings Armies who in the year 1662. Married Henriette-Francise of Zollern only Daughter of the late Iter-Frederick Prince of Zollern of the Electoral House of Brandenburg and of Elizabeth de Berg Princess of Zollern by whom he has 1. Emanuel-Maurice de la Tour d'Auvergne Marquiss of Bergh 2. Henry de la Tour called the Abbot of Auvergne 3. Lewis called le Chevalier d' Auvergne 4. Francis Prince of Limeil 5. Elizabeth Eleonor de la Tour. 6. Lewise de la Tour. 7. Marie-Anne de la Tour. 4. Emanuel Theodosius de la Tour d'Auvergne Cardinal of Boüillon Great Almoner of France c. Great Provost of Liege and Doctor of Sorbon 5. Hippolyte de la Tour d'Auvergne who is a Carmelite Nun with her above-named eldest Sister 6. Mauricia-Phobronia de la Tour d'Auvergne called the Princess of Evreux who on the 25th of April 1678. was Married at Chateau-Thierry to Duke Maximilian-Philip of Bavaria Son of Maximilian Elector of Bavaria and of Marie-Anne Arch-Dutchess of Austria Henry de la Tour d'Auvergne Vicount of Turenne and of Castillon Count of Nêgrepêlice their Uncle was Governour and Seneschal of the upper and lower Limosin Colonel-General of the light Horse and Mareschal de Camp General to the Kings Army and was the Most Renowned Captain of this Age But alas on the fatal 27th of July 1675. New stile a Canon shot put an end to the Illustrious Life of that Great Man and to all the vast Projects he was about for the glory of his Majesties Arms. He Commanded then the French Army on the other side the Rhine against the Imperialists under the Command of Count Montecuculi The King in Honour of his Memory caused a solemn service to be said for him in the Church of Nostre Dame at Paris on the 9th of September 1675 at which the Parliament and all the Superiour Companies were present and ordered him a Stately Tomb in the Church of St. Denis in France among the Mausolaeums of his own Royal Predecessors Of the Family of Grimaldi de Mourgues or of the Prince of Monaco in Italy Lewis the first of that Name Soveraign Prince of Monaco c. Duke of Valentinois Peer of France c. and Lord of the Town of St. Remy was Born the 25th of July 1642. on the 30th of March 1660. He Married Catherine Charlotte of Gramont who died the 4th of June 1678. leaving him two Sons and two Daughters 1. Antony de Grimaldi called the Duke of Valentinois who is Colonel of the Regiment of Soissons and was Born the 27th of January 1661. 2. The Chevalier de Monaco Born in 1669. 3. Marie-Charlotte Grimaldi called Madamoiselle of Monaco Born the 14th of January 1662. And 4. N ..... de Monaco who is a Nun. The Prince of Monaco's Sisters are Marie-Hippolyte de Grimaldi Born in 1644. and Married in 1659. to Charles-Emanuel-Philibert de Simiane Marquiss of Pianezz lately first Minister of Savoy 2. Joan-Marie de Grimaldi who was Born in 1645. Widow of N .... Imperiale 3. Devote-Marie-Renée Grimaldi Born in 1646. who is a Nun. And 4. N .... de Grimaldi Born in 1648. Of the Family of Rohan The Family of Rohan being descended from the first Soveraigns of Brittany is one of the most illustrious ones of the Kingdom The Princes of
Duc for the said Lords States He made Abjuration of the reformed Religion before the Bishop of Anger 's the 3d of September 1670. and died the 14th of September 1672. He Married on the 1st of May 1648. the Princess Emilia of Hessen Sister to William Landgrave of Hessen-Cassel who was Born in 1626. by whom he left divers Children viz. 1. Charles-Belgick-Holland de la Tremoille Duke of Thoüars Peer of France Prince of Tarente c. who has the Reversion of the Place of one of the Principal Gentlemen of the Kings Bed-chamber after his Father-in-Law the Duke of Crequi He Married on the 3d of April 1675. Madamoiselle of Crequi named Magdalene of Crequi onely Daughter to the Duke of Crequi by whom he has Issue a Daughter N ..... of Tremoille Born in 1677. and a Son N .... of Tremoille Born in 1683. 2. William Frederick of Tremoille Prince of Talmont Abbot of Charroux c. and Canon of Strasburg 3. Charlotte-Emilia of Tremoille who having been Married in Denmark the 29th of May 1680. to Antony of Altemburg Count of Oldenburg became a Widow four Months after 4. N ..... of Tremoille 5. N ..... of Tremoille II. Marie of Tremoille their Aunt called heretofore Madamoiselle of Tremoille who was Married on the 18th of July 1662. to Prince Bernard of Saxe-weimar Son of Duke William Of the Brothers and Sisters of the deceased Henry Duke of Tremoille Grandfather to the present Duke who died the 21st of January 1674. There remains the Issue that follows 1. Of the late Frederick of Tremoille Count of Laval c. who died at Venice in February 1642. of a Wound he received in a Duel against the Sieur du Coudray-Montpensier there remain some natural Children by Mrs. Anne Orpe an English Gentlewoman and one Daughter by N .... de Moussi a Venetian Lady 2. Henry-Steven of Tremoille whose Birth was Controverted in the Court of Parliament of Paris and declared Illegitimate by a Sentence of the 23d of March 1647. 3. Charlotte of Tremoille Married to the Lord James Stanly Earl of Darby King in Man c. Eldest Son to the late Earl William and the Lady Elizabeth Vere He did great Services to the late King Charles the First in the Civil Wars against the Rebellious Parliamenteers Of this Marriage are come several Children Those which remain at present of the two Branches of Tremoille-Royan and Tremoille-Noirmoutier are second Cousins to the Prince of Tarente last deceased who was Charles-Henry of Tremoille The House of Tremoille at the late Treaties of Munster and Nimguen Represented the pretensions it has to succeed Frederick of Arragon last King of Naples in that Kingdom I have not mentioned the Family of Epernon because there remains none of it but one Daughter who is a Carmelite Nun and Marie of Cambout Dutchess Dowager of that Name Before I put an end to this Chapter it will not be amiss to tell you what it is to have The Pour or The for as they term it which is a Priviledge at Court allowed only to Princes of the Blood or to Legitimated Princes or to such Lords who as those of this last sort have the Priviledge and Rank of Princes To explain then what is the meaning of having the Pour or the for at Court You must know That in France 't is a thing immemorially practised by the Kings Harbengers called Fouriers to mark out before-hand Lodgings in private Houses in all places whither the Court is to remove for all the great Persons Officers and Attendants belonging to it without consulting the leave or liking of the Owners who are bound to furnish the Rooms and supply necessaries according to the respective Quality as well of the Owner as of the Person or Persons he is to lodge at a certain stinted inconsiderable rate Now these Harbingers or Fouriers mark the Doors of the Houses or Chambers they single out for these purposes with Chalk and if it be only for an ordinary or mean Officer or any Person beneath the Quality above-specified then they mark out in Chalk only the Name of the Person without further addition but when they mark out any House or Rooms for Persons of this high Quality They then prefix this word Pour i. e. for and write Pour i. e. for Monsteur or Monseignour tel i. e. Mr. or My Lord such a one And this is called Having The Pour It is to be observed That there are some particular Lords in France that bear the stile of Princes as a thing annexed to the Lands they possess which have the Title of Principalities such as are The Principalities of Dombes and of La Roche-sur-Yon lately belonging to Madamoiselle of Orleans Montpensier of Martigues and Anet to the Duke of Vendome of Neuf-Chatel and Wallenghin in Suisserland to the House of Longueville and of Chatel-aillon in the Country of Rochel to the Barony of Joinville belonging to the House of Guise Erected into a Principality the 9th of May 1552. Of Guémené belonging to the Prince of that Name Erected in 1570. and verified in Parliament the same year Of Soubize Erected into a Principality by Letters Patents of the Month of March 1667. and verified in Parliament the first of July the same year That of Talmont belonging to the House of Tremoille That of Tarente in Italy which though it be in the possession of the King of Spain yet the right thereof is pretended to by the said House of Tremoille and accordingly the Eldest Son of that House takes thence his Title That of Soyon in Vivarais belonging to the Duke d' Vses Of Enrichemont de Boisbelle to the Duke of Suilly Of Mortaigne sur Gironde to the Duke of Richelieu Of Marsillac to the Duke of La Rochefoucault Of Leon an ancient Principality in Brittany to the Duke of Rohan Of Tingrie in the Country of Bologne and of Lusse to the Duke of Piney-Luxemburg Of Bidache to the Duke of Gramont Of Chateau-Portien to the Duke of Mazarine Erected into a Principality by Charles the Ninth the 4th of June 1561. Of Poix to the Duke of Crequi Of Buch to the Duke of Foix-Rendan Of Bedeilles to the Countess of Marsan Of Carency to the House of Escars La Vauguyon Of Chalais to the House of that Name Of Yvetot to the House of Crevan-cing◠Of Amblise to the House of Anglure Of Delain in the Franche-County to the Marquiss of Montglat Of Chabanois in the Country of Angoumois built on the Bank of the River of Vienna to the Marquiss of Sourdis Although those that are possest of these Principalities have not the Rank of Princess unless they be otherwise so in one of those four Mannors last above described but only enjoy that place which is due to them among the other Dukes and Peers of France if they be such Of whom we shall treat further under that Title CHAP. XI Of the Royal Housholds Of the Kings Houshold and of the Ecclesiastical Officers of the Kings Houshold
and their Attendants and First Of the Great Almoner of France THE Present Great Almoner of France is the Cardinal of Boüillon who by his Place is Commander of the Kings Orders He was named to this Office of Great Almoner of France the 10th of December 1671. And after having taken the usual Oath on that occasion to the King accordingly took possession of it the 12th of the same Month. He succeeded therein the late Cardinal Barberin Nephew to Pope Vrban the VIII High Chamberlain of the Holy Church Archbishop and Duke of Reims and first Duke and Peer of France who died the 3d of August 1671. He has of ancient standing Wages fixed in the general Pay-Book of the Houshold 1200 l. a year and 1200 more under the name of a Pension 6000 l. for his Table and Livery 3000 l. paid him by the Treasurer of the Mark of Gold on the 1st of January and 3000 more by the same Treasurer as Commander by his place of the Kings Orders making in all 14400 l. French which is about 1108 l. Sterling The Great Almoner of France is by vertue of his Place Commander of the Kings Orders And He or his Great Vicars are commonly appointed to make the Inquests of the Lives and Manners of the Knights of those Orders and to receive their profession of Faith Roillard and Loiuseau and some other Authors affirm that he is an Officer of the Crown This Office is in France the Solstitium honorum or highest Pinacle of Ecclesiastical Honour and has accordingly been almost always honoured with the Purple and possest by Cardinals Though in all times there always was a Head of the Court-Clergy yet he never bore the Title of Great Almoner of France tell the time of Francis the First who Created Antony Sanguin Gardinal of Meudon Great Almoner of France though even in the time of Charles the VIII Geffrie of Pompadour Bishop of Perigneux began to take that Title as appears in the Chamber of Accounes by the Account he gave of the Kings Alms in the year 1489 but was not followed in it till the said Reign of Francis the First The Great Almoner takes an Oath of Fidelity to the King He gives the usual Certificates of the Oaths of Fidelity taken by all new Archbishops and Bishops in France and in partibus infidelium as likewise by any General of the Order by Grand Priors of the Order of Malta in France who are Grand Priors of France by those of St. Giles or of Provence of Champagne of Aquitain and of Auvergne and by some Abbots for formerly all Abbots and Abbesses did likewise take Oaths of Fidelity to the King He likewise presents to the King the Book of the Holy Gospels when he is to swear solemnly to any Alliance as appeared in the Church of Nostre Dame at Paris at the Renewing of the Aliance with the 13 Swisse-Cantons performed the 18th of November 1663. He marches at the Kings right Hand in all Processions and when the King permits any Officers to sit down in his Presence during Sermon or other Church-Service the Great Almoners Seat is on his Majesties right Hand The Great Almoner has the Charge of Goal Deliveries usually made by Kings at their coming to the Crown at Kings and Queens Coronations at their Marriages at their first Entries into any Cities of the Kingdom at the Birth of any Children of France at the great Annual Festivals at Jubilies upon any signal Victory or Conquest and upon other occasions 'T is he that Disposes of the Revenue appointed for the Kings Alms and that gives Order for the making the necessary Ornaments ordinarily used in the Chappel he goes when he pleases and performs the Service as at the Kings rising and going to Bed to assist at the Kings Prayers at Royal Feasts or at the Kings ordinary Meals to crave a Blessing and give Thanks and at Mass where he takes the Kings Prayer-Book from the Clerks of the Chappel of the Oratory to present it to the King as likewise the springsing Brush when Mass is done to give the King some Holy Water He Accompanies the King when he goes to the Offertory from his praying Desk to the Altar The same Functions are also performed by the Chief Almoner or in his absence by the other Almoners He does likewise other Functions if he please to be present at all the Ceremonies that are done as on the days the King touches for evil He administers the Communion to his Majesty and other Sacraments of which he has need He is the Bishop of the Court as the Abbot of Peyrat one of the Kings Almoners shows in his Antiquities of the Chappel Royal and performs several Episcopal Functions in any Diocess where-ever it be that the Court is without asking leave of the Bishops of the places He Baptizes the Dauphins the Sons and Daughters of France the Princes and all others for whom the Kings and Queens or any Children of France are please to stand Godfathers or Godmothers for whether in person or by Proxy He affiances and marries in the Kings Palace Princes and Princesses You are to observe that on a Communion-day the Great Almoner with his Crosier and Miter gives the Absolution without asking leave of the ordinary or else appoints another Bishop to do it in his stead according to the practise used in Cathedrals 'T is he if he be in the Chappel that gives the King the Gospel and the Pax to kiss on certain Festivals and when his Majestry Communicates He gives the Ashes to their Majesties and the usual Dispensation for eating Eggs and Flesh in Lent The Abbot of Peyrat in his Book of the Antiquities of the Chappel Royal brings Examples to show that the Great Almoner gives permission to the Court Clergy to Contract and Marry and Officers in the Kings Service without any need of their going to a Parish Church He apoints those of the same Clergy to hear the Confessions of the Kings Officers especially on the great Festivals of the year and at Easter and to administer the Sacraments to them when they desire it and when they are sick The power of the great Almoner extends it self yet further out of the Kings Chappel and Household He has the disposing of all places in the Hospitals of France and he has power to appoint Vicars throughout all the Provinces and Diocesses of the Kingdom to take an account of the Revenues of the said Hospitals but he appoints one Vicar General who has power over the rest The Great Almoner has likewise power in the University of Paris over the 17 Lecturers of the Royal Colledge over the Colledge of Mr. Gervase and over that of Navarre He has the gift of the Scholars and Principals Places in those Colledges where he has the right of Visiting He has also the Super-Intendance of the Hospital of the Fifteen-score blind People at Paris of that of the sixscore blind at Chartres and of
that of the Haudriettes at Paris which are now the Nuns of the Assumption It will not be amiss to place here the Form of the Oath of Fidelity or Allegiance which the Bishops in France take to the King upon the Holy Gospels The Form of the Oath of Allegiance taken by the Bishops I Swear Sir by the Most Holy and Sacred Name of God and Promise to your Majesty That I will be to you as long as I live a Faithful Subject and Servant That I will procure your Service and the good of your State with all my power That I will never be present in any Counsel Design or Enterprize to the prejudice of either and that if there comes any thing of that kind to my Knowledge that I will make it known to your Majesty So help me God and these Holy Gospels CHAP. XII Of the first Almoner and other Almoners according to their Quarters THE first Almoner when he pleases in the absence of the Great Almoner performs all the same Functions and he Administers the Oath of Fidelity to the other Officers of the Chappel and of the Oratory which the other Almoners do not do In the absence of the Great Almoner he likewise gives to Bishops and other Ecclesiastical Dignitaries a Certificate of their having taken the Oath of Fidelity or Allegiance to the King during Mass He has 1200 l. per annum Wages paid by the Treasurer of the Houshold and 6000 l. more for his Table at Court paid by the Masters of the Chamber of Deniers On Sundays if he be at Chappel he presents Holy Bread to the King to the Queen to the Dauphin and Dauphiness to Monsieur the Kings Brother and to Madame Then the Almoners of that Quarter give it to the other Princes and Princesses of the Blood or to those that are Legitimated which are near the Kings Foot-Cloth The first Almoner and another of that Quarter hold the two Corners of the Communion Napkin on that side next the Altar when the King receives and commonly two Knights of the Orders or two other Lords hold the two other Corners on his Majesties side But if the Dauphin happen to be there then he only is to hold the Communion Napkin on his Majesties side The Master of the Oratory has 1200 l. per annum Wages paid by the Treasurers of the Houshold and 3600 l. more for his Table at Court paid him by the Masters of the Chamber of Deniers The Kings Confessor who is the Reverend Father la Chaise a Jesuit has 1200 l. a year by Name of Wages 2654 l. at the Chamber of Deniers and 3000 l. more to maintain his Coach On the great Festivals of the year and when the King Communicates the reverend Father Confessor is always at Church near his Majesty Clothed with a Surpliss under his Mantle On other days he assists if he pleases at the Kings Mass but without a Surpliss By an Order of Philip the Long made at St. Germain en Laye in the Month of June 1316. The Kings Confessour has power to Order all Letters for Collating of Benefices to be made ready for the Royal Signature and Seal and the Great Almoner those of Royal Gifts and Alms according to Mr. Tillet Tom. 1. f. 434 435. By a Charter of the same Philip the Long made at Bourges the 16th of November 1318. All persons were forbidden to speak to the King while he was hearing Mass except his Confessour who might speak to him only about things concerning his Conscience And after Mass he might speak to him about the business of Collating of Benefices The King has eight other Almoners whereof two wait every Quarter and of those two at least he that is to wait that Day is to be present at the Kings Rising Dinner and Mass during which last the Almoner of the Quarter or some other is to hold his Majesties Hat and Gloves or in their absence the next Chaplain or Clerk of the Chappel to be found in the way is to receive them The Almoners are to be afterward at the Kings Supper and at his going to Bed to perform the following Ceremonies as to open the Nave on the Table if there be one and to take it away when Supper is done to crave a Blessing and to give thanks The Almoners are present on solemn Festivals and when the King Communicates Clothed with Rotchets under their Mantles both at Mass and at Vespers They Preach in Rotchets both before the King and else where They administer the Communion to the King They go and present the Holy Bread they also deliver Prisoners give Dispensation in Lent to eat Eggs and Flesh give Ashes to the King Queen and other Royal Persons they give Holy Water to the King and Queen when Mass is done and in fine in the absence of the Great or the first Almoner perform all Functions which they should do They have each a Salary 300 l. a piece for serving the King and their Diet at the Table called the Almoners Table And for serving at the Dauphins by turns one year in two they have half the Wages they have in the Kings Service and half a Pistol a Day for their diet which one year with another makes 600 l. to each besides their diet at Court I shall not mention those many titular Preachers and Almoners that the King is pleased to admit only ad honores because they have no rank here There is one Chaplain in Ordinary who has 1200 l. a year under the name of Wages and 1098 l. for his diet at the Chamber of Deniers Besides whom there are eight Chaplains that serve quarterly two to each Quarter Who are to say every day excepting the High-Mass dayes a low Mass before the King they serve commonly Weekly and he that is not in Waiting any Week in the Kings Service may if he pleases when he is present at the Kings Mass kneel in Mass-time next behind the Almoners on the Kings right hand They serve also the Dauphin and his Children They have each 240 l. Wages a year for three Months waiting in the Kings Service and their diet at the Almoners Table during their said three Months Service and 120 l. to serve by turns at the Dauphins and their diet at Court at the Deservers or Water-Servers belonging to the Dauphin They have likewise 120 l. Recompense for serving every other Year at the Duke of Burgundies and 270 l. for their diet at the end of their quarter And besides you are to take notice that at the Dauphins they are allowed half a Pistol a day a piece for their diet every day there is no Table kept which one year with another makes 495 l. yearly Revenue to each besides their diet at Court and some other profits The Chaplains besides the ordinary Ceremonies go before they begin Mass and give their Majesties Holy Water and when Mass is done they present the Corporal on which they have Celebrated to their Majesties
Oath to the Great Almoner Besides these there are the Almoners belonging to the great and little Stables and to the other Bodies of the Kings Houshold and the Chaplains belonging to the several Companies of Guards and of the Gentlemen-Musqueteers and others of which we shall speak in their places The New Chappel of the Louvre was Consecrated the 18th of February 1659. by the late Bishop of Rhodes since Archbishop of Paris and that of little Bourbon pull'd down in the Month of August the same year The Kings Ecclesiastical Officers keep always on his Majesties right hand in the Chappel and the Bishops Abbots and Ecclesiastical Officers of the Queen on his left Now on his Majesties right hand the Great Almoners Place is next to the Kings Person then follows that of the first Almoner on the right hand of the Great Almoner As for the Kings Father Confessour he places himself at the Great Almoners left hand more within the Kings Praying-Desk The Master of the Chappel-Musick takes his place on the left hand next adjoining to the Kings Praying-Desk The rest of the Almoners rank themselves to the right-hand-ward from the foot of the Kings Praying-Desk toward the Altar and after them the Chaplains and Clerks of the Chappel and Oratory and the other Clergy of the Kings Houshold every one in their Order CHAP. XIV Of the Great Master of the Kings Houshold and those who depend on him and of the Stewards of the Houshold THE Prince of Conde is at present Grand Master of the Kings Houshold and his Son the Duke of Enguien has it in Reversion The Grand Master has yearly under the name of Wages 3600 l. for Liveries 42000 l. paid quarterly for his Collations 1200 l. and 1800 l. for his Steward Under the first Race of our Kings the Great Master of France was called the Mayor of the Palace who was a Lieutenant-General over the whole Kingdom and according to the ancient Disposition of the State as there was a Duke placed over twelve Earls and sometimes a Duke over whole Provinces so the Mayor of the Palace was the Duke of Dukes and stiled himself Duke or Prince of the French His Authority was not confined only within the Kings Houshold where he disposed of all Offices but he had a great power over all Officers of War and Justice over the Managers of the Revenue and Treasury and indeed over all Affairs of State and grew so great at last that it Eclipsed the Kings and gave Pepin who was but Mayor of the Palace opportunity to assume the Crown which having done and fearing that if he continued any longer any such great Authority as this in an Officer his own practice might be returned on him and his Successors he suppressed this Office of Mayor of the Palace and Erected in its stead that of Seneschal for the Government only of his Household reserving all the other powers of that former Office to himself Yet it has happened since that the Seneschal for all that has taken upon him some Command in the Armies even so far as to have the Guard of the Kings Person Some have called him the Great Gonfanonïer or Standard-Bearer This Office became Hereditary to the Counts of Anjou from the time of Geffry Grisegonelle to whom King Robert gave it about the year 1002. and those that exercised it about the King held it in Fee of those Counts to whom they did Homage for it and paid certain acknowledgments as going to meet the Count of Anjou when he came to the Palace Lodging him letting him serve the King c. and furnishing him in the Armies with a Tent big enough to hold a hundred Knights as Hugh de Cléries reports at large This Officer also retained still a part of the power of the Mayors of the Palace in other things and decided all differences arising among the Attendants of the Court and among the Officers of the Houshold After the Kings Death he throws his Staff upon the Coffin before all the rest of the Officers Assembled together to show that their Offices are expired but the succeeding King ordinarily restores them out of his special Grace and Favour The Great Master Regulates every year the expence of the Mouth of the Kings Houshold He has an entire Jurisdiction over the seven Offices the most part of which places he disposes of and the Officers thereof take the Oath of Allegiance to the King between his hands Nevertheless the Great Masters have voluntarily resign'd the Office of Intendant of the Gobelet and of the Mouth into the Kings hands ever since Monsieur de Soissons Great Master of the Kings Houshold under Henry IV. refused to trouble himself any longer with the care of them He receives the Oath of Allegiance from the first Master of the Houshold from the Master of the Houshold in Ordinary and from twelve Masters of the Houshold that wait Quarterly from the Great and Chief Pantler Cup-Bearer and Carver from the thirty six Gentlemen Servitors from the three Masters of the Chamber of Deniers from the two Controulers-General from the sixteen Controulers Clerks of Offices from the Master of the Kings Chappel-Musick and from the Master of the Kings Oratory from the Almoners of the Kings Houshold from the Great Master the Master and the Aid of the Ceremonies from the Introductor of Ambassadours and from ........ from the Kings Master of the Horse in Ordinary and of the twenty other Masters of the Horse that serve quarterly from the four Lieutenants of the Guards of the Kings Gate from the Keepers of the Tents c. When he serves in Ceremony and that he goes along with the Meat he marches nearer the Kings Meat than all the Stewards of the Houshold carrying his Staff strait and bolt upright like a Scepter and the other Masters of the Houshold hold theirs more downward in his presence It is he likewise that at all Great Ceremonies presents the first wet Napkin to the King The Office called the Kings Office or Counting-House is kept under the Authority of the Great Master CHAP. XV. Of the first Master of the Houshold and of the other Masters under him THE first Master of the Houshold is at present the Marquiss de Livry who has a Jurisdiction over the seven Offices as far as relates to their Service but has not the disposal of their places He may also receive the Oath of Fidelity from the Offieers of the Cup or Goblet and of the Mouth and of the other Officers and in the Great Masters absence of those other Officers which ought to perform that Ceremony to him He has his Lodging in the Louvre and has yearly for Wages 3000 l. for Liveries 7968 l. and for the Counters 60 l. He keeps the Great Chamberlains Table and has the last course of it for his Fee The priviledge of the said Table is an acquisition that has been made to this Office by some preceding First Masters of
the Houshold When the King has at any time received the Communion he presents to the Priest a Cup of Wine for his Majesty and at the same time a Napkin to the King to wipe his Mouth But if a Prince of the Blood or any Prince Legitimated be present then that Prince presents the Napkin The first Master of the Houshold or the Master of the Houshold then in Waiting goes along with the Broth that is carried to the King when he takes any He receives the Kings Orders concerning his Majesties Diet and the hours he prescribes for his Repasts and gives notice of them to the Officers of the Goblet and of the Mouth The next Officer is the Master of the Houshold in Ordinary who has yearly 1200 l. ordinary Wages 1420 l. Liveries and 60 l. for the Counters In the absence of the first Master of the Houshold he doth the same Functions as he both in the Kings-Office or Counting-House and in his Household It was Order'd in 1669. that whenever the King being at a Ball a Comedy a Balet or an Opera or the like should take a Collation without sitting down at Table that the Master of the Houshold in Ordinary should serve his Majesty In the absence of the Captain of the Guards he renders for him the same Honours at the Great Masters Table There are twelve more Masters of the Houshold that wait three and three by quarters who formerly had 900 l. a piece yearly of the Treasurers of the Houshold but now they have but 450 l. besides which they have at the Chamber of Deniers each Man 300 l. at the end of their quarters waiting and 64 l. for Counters besides several other profits and he that serves the Dauphin in the same quality has 225 l. Wages at the Treasure-Royal and 150 l. more at the end of his quarters waiting out of the Chamber of Deniers His Majesty by a Declaration in April 1654. reduced the number of the Masters of the Houshold to twelve and that of the Gentlemen-Walters or Servitors to thirty six By another Declaration of the 17th of October The Masters of the Houshold are stiled Counsellers and Masters in Ordinary of the Houshold Knights and Squires They may bear their Coats of Arms timbred and enjoy as do their Widows after them an exemption from all manner of Taxes and Impositions whatever They have a Command over all the Offices called the seven Offices and in the Kings House when they Conduct the Meat to his Table they carry Staves garnished with silver and gilt Vermilion having on the tops a Crown set with Flower-deluces They present to the King the first wet Napkin with which his Majesty washes his hands before he eats and they yield this honour to none but the Princes of the Blood the Legitimated Children of France and the Great Master They are present at all business that passes in the Kings Office or Counting-House as we shall show afterward In the absence of the first Master or Master in Ordinary they go every Night to ask his Majesty what hours he will please to eat at next day and especially when the Court is upon a Journey they ask the King the time and place he would please to dine at that they may give Order to the Officers of the Goblet and of the Mouth to provide accordingly The Officers of the seven Offices and several others that are accustomed to take the Oath of Fidelity in the presence of the Great Master may take it in an Assembly of this Office and then those who preside there which are the Master of the Houshold in Ordinary or the Masters of the Houshold then in Waiting may in the absence of the Great Master or the first Master receive the said Oaths of Fidelity On Fish-Dayes a Master of the Houshold is to be present at the taking in of the Fish When the King is to give any Holy or Blessed Bread in any Parish or Society the Master of the Houshold in Waiting that day holding his Staff in his hand is to accompany the Holy Loaves to the Church which are commonly six in number The Almoner that goes to present them from his Majesty marches between the Master of the Houshold and the Comptroller at whose left hand goes the Treasurer of the Offerings The Masters of the Houshold keep the Table called the Masters of the Housholds Table or else eat at the Table of the ancient Great Master and at the Dauphins they keep the Table of His Highnesses Ser-d'eau or Water-server that is his Deserver or Voider that takes away when Meals are done Of the Great Pantler Cup-Bearer and Carver These three Officers are always present at great Ceremonies where they have Rank as they had at the Kings Coronation c. They have 600 l. a year each as Wages paid them on the Book of the establishment of the Household in which they are only stiled First Pantler First Cup-bearer and First Vsher-Carver We shall tell you their Offices in speaking of the Gentlemen-Waiters or Servitors who daily their Functions The present Great Pantler is Timoleon Count de Cosse of which Office it is observable that there remains still an ancient Custom in the Kings House that upon every New-Years-Day and on the four principal Feasts in the Year as soon as the King is gone out of his Chamber to go to Mass the Serdeau or Voider cries aloud three times either out of a Balcony or from the Stairs head M. such a one Great Pantler of France lay the Cloth for the King The Great Cup-bearer is an Office set up instead of the Great Bottler or Butler which was antiently one of the Principal Officers of the Crown from the time of Charles the Great to a considerable time after the rise of the Kings of the third Race he used to Sign all Charters and Letters Patents and to be present at all Assemblies as other great Officers are The Great Vsher-Carver is the last of the three The Great Pantler has a Jurisdiction at the Palace which is at Paris what Westminster-Hall has here as we shall shew further when we come to speak of that All the Bakers of Paris are obliged on every next Sunday after the Epiphany to go and do homage to the Great Pantler between the hands of his Lieutenant-General and to pay him as they call it the good Denier Besides all Master-Bakers newly made free are bound likewise to come and present the Rosemary-Pot to the Lieutenant-General for the Great Pantler Of the Gentlemen-Waiters The Gentlemen-Waiters perform by turns the Functions of the three next abovenamed Officers They are always called Gentlemen-Waiters to the King because they serve none but Crowned Heads Princes of the Blood and Soveraign Princes when the King is pleased to entertain them In the Letters Patents for their places they are stiled Esquires and by a Declaration of the King of the 17th of October 1656. they may take the Titles of Knights and Esquires
then he keeps the Door of the Anti-Chamber The Serdeau or Water-Server receives all the Dishes that are taken off the Kings Table which are carried thence to the Office or else to the Gentlemen-Waiters Hall commonly called the Serdeau's Hall where he serves up the same Dishes to the said Gentlemen-Waiters and to those who have their Diet at the same Table with them Under the Serdeau there are likewise several Servants that attend the Office and the Gentlemen-Waiters Servants eat afterward of what is taken from their Table Of the Kings-Office or Counting-House The Kings-Office or Counting-House which is of the nature of the Green-Cloth with us and is held twice a Week on Tuesdays and Fridays in which these following Officers have Voice and Place viz. The First Master of the Houshold the Master of the Houshold in Ordinary the Masters of the Household serving quarterly then the Masters of the Denier-Chamber or Chamber of Deniers and their Substitutes the Comptroller-General and his Substitutes the Comptroller in Ordinary of the Mouth and the Comptrollers-Clarks of Offices We have spoken of the former let us now speak of the rest There are three Masters of the Denier-Chamber or Treasurers of the Houshold who serve by turns and are present at all Debates and Consultations about the Government of the Officers and regulation of the Expences of the Houshold and other matters of concern They have 1880 l. a piece yearly Wages 5300 l. Liveries 64 l. for Counters and 2650 l. Wages more at the Dauphins They are to sollicite and see themselves paid the allowance assigned for defraying the Expences of the Mouth of the Kings Houshold and to pay the Officers for such Expences They pay also the Liveries they have their Ordinary at the Master of the Houshold's Table or else at that of the ancient Great Masters and he that serves at the Dauphins eats at his Highnesseses Sirdean's or Water-Servers Table They have every one their Substitutes and if they please under the Title of Officers who assist them at their Offices and officiate for them in their absence having their Diet as their Masters either at the Master of the Housholds Table or when they serve at the Dauphins at his Highnesses Serdeau's or Water-Servers Table There are two Comptrollers-General that serve each six Months who have 900 l. a piece Wages 1355 l. for Liveries and 64 l. for Counters and at the Dauphins for Liveries antient Wages and binding up the accounts they have in all 2065 l. The Comptrollers General settle and controul all the Expences of the Mouth in the Kings Houshold One of them or his Deputy that is in Waiting is always in the Office with Pen in hand They take all the setled Accounts of Extraordinary Expences of which a Roll is made every Month. They deliver the Extracts of the said Accounts so setled to the Merchants that furnished the Commodities in order to their payment by the Masters of the Chamber of Deniers and after the Comptroller-General has got the Original Roll of the said Accounts Signed by the Great Master and has Entred it upon his Register he gives the said Original to the Master of the Chamber of Deniers The Comptroller General during the six Months he is in Waiting do's likewise Accompany the Kings Broths and receives his Majesties Orders about his eating as the Masters of the Houshold do They have every one their Substitute and if they will in quality of an Officer who assist them at their Offices and Officiate for them in their absence When it happens that his Majesty Dines in Publick and that the Master of the Houshold does not reform the Ceremony of carrying his Staff there the Comptroller-General waies on his Majesty at Table in the absence of the first Master of the Houshold The Comptroller-General in the time of his Waiting is to take care of all his Majesties Gold and Silver and Vermilion Plate and Vessels which he gives in Custody to the Keepers of the Plate and Vessels and other Officers The Comptrollers General and their Substitutes have their Diet at Court at the Master of the Housholds Table and when they serve at the Dauphins at that of his Highnesses Serdeau or Water-Server There is besides a Controuler in Ordinary of the Mouth and of the Goblet or Buttry who has 2000 l. Wages and 3000 l. a year Liveries at the Kings and 1000 l. more for Liverles at the Dauphins He is to be present at the taking in of all Provisions of Fish and Flesh for the Kings Mouth and before they are served up to his Table he Examines whither all the particular things set down in the Account of the smaller Expences be made use of or no. Besides He keeps an Account of Novelties in Provisions for the King and of Fruits Comfits and Sweet Wines c. which are to be put into his hands and in fine he has an Eye and Inspection over all the Expences of the Mouth or Goblet and other Expences of the Houshold When the King eats in publick without the Ceremony of having the Staff born by the Master of the Houshold the Comptroller in Ordinary of the Mouth sets the Meat on his Majesties Table and when several are to serve the Comptrollers Clerks of Offices likewise place some Dishes but the Comptroller of the Mouth serves on the Kings side He has his Ordinary at the Master of the Housholds Table while he is in Waiting on the King and at the Dauphins Serdeau's or Water-Servers when he waits there There are sixteen Comptrollers-Clerks of Offices that draw up the Rolls and Bills of the Extraordinary expences of the Kings Houshold and have Voice and Place at the Board of the Office They have every one 600 l. Wages and about 1500 l. Liveries yearly These Rolls which are in Parchment contain a daily Account ready sum'd up of all the Expences of the Kings Houshold and are Signed by the Masters of the Houshold And the Roll which is made on the last day of every Month contains the whole Expence of all that Month which only is Signed by the Great Master For the extraordinary Expences there is a Monthly Account of them kept which is cast up and setled at the Office and Signed by the Great Master by the first Master by the Master in Ordinary and by the other Masters of the Houshold then in Waiting upon which Bills of Accounts so setled and verified in the Office the Masters of the Chamber of Deniers payes those Expences to the Purveyors and Merchants to whom they are due The said Comptrollers Clerks of Offices are of the Body of the Office At Feasts and extraordinary Entertainments they wait at the Kings Table with their Swords by their sides and set the Dishes on the Table themselves Under the Masters of the Houshold and other Superiour Officers they have Command over the seven Offices of the Houshold the Officers of which are bound to obey them as far as it concerns
Great Chamberlains Table He has a Super-intendence over all the Officers of the Kings Bed-Chamber of his Wardrobe of his Closets and Anti-Chamber when the King Dresses himself he gives him his Shirt which honour he parts not with to any but to the Sons of France the Princes of the Blood or Sons Legitimate of France When the King eats in his Bed-Chamber 't is his Duty to wait on him and give him his Napkin and in short he performs all the Honours and Chief Ceremonies of the Bed-Chamber At all Solemnities Balls and other Assemblies as likewise at Chappel when the King goes to hear a Sermon one of the Yeomen of the Bed-Chamber brings always a Chair out of the Kings Chamber for the Great Chamber placing it behind the Kings and another for the Chief Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber Of the four Chief-Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber The Chief Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber which now are four exercise as I have said by turns under that new Title the Office that was formerly performed by the Camerier or Chamber-Man There was at first but two of them but the late King Lewis the XIII made them up four They serve By turns each one their Year The present Chief Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber are 1. The Duke of Aumont 2. The Duke of Gevres 3. The Duke of Crequi 4. The Duke of St. Aignan They take the Oath of Fidelity to the King in Person and he of them that is in Waiting Sweats all the other Officers of the Bed-Chamber that are admitted into his years Waiting In the absence of the Great Chamberlain they supply his Place in all things They give Order to the Usher what Persons he is to let in and deliver Certificates of their Service to all the Officers of the Bed-Chamber They perform likewise many other Duties at the Kings rising going to Bed and Dressing He that is in Waiting lodges in the Louvre The King does them the Honour to give them a Place in his own Coach They used formerly to lie in the Kings Bed-Chamber as appears by the 9th and 82d Articles of the Ordinance of Charles the Seventh that are addressed thus To the Chamberlains lying in our Bed-Chamber c. They bespeak all the first Mourning at Court and all Cloths and Habits used in Masques Balls and Playes and other Divertisements for his Majesty They have the sole ordering of all the Expences allotted in the Establishments or Account-Books of the Argenterie or Privy-Purse for the Kings Person or otherwise as likewise of those allowed in the Establishments for the Kings Pocket Expences and affairs of his Bed-Chamber Under them are the Intendants Comptrollers and the Treasurers General of the Kings Privy-Purse and of the Pocket Expences and the rest of the Officers of the Bed-Chamber It is to be noted That there are many that out of courtesy are stiled Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber that have neither Place nor Salary as such and many Gentlemen in Ordinary of the Kings Houshold of which we shall speak in their proper place Next these are the Pages of the Bed-Chamber who are in number twenty four and serve constantly all the year long each Chief Gentleman being allowed six of them though they may if they please take a greater number over whom the King for better regulation maintains Governours and Under-Governours and Masters of all sorts to teach them all Exercises requisite for Persons of Quality These Pages go every Morning and Evening with the other Officers of the Bed-Chamber into the Kings said Chamber to give his Majesty his Slippers and on Evenings and Mornings too when 't is dark they carry white Wax-Flambo's before his Majesty when he walks on Foot out of his Anti-Chamber or when he crosses either on Foot or in a Sedan the Courts of any of his Palaces and in Summer they carry over him an Vmbrello In the Armies where the King is present they serve as Aids de Camp under the Kings own Aids de Camp as likewise do the Pages of the Kings Great and Lesser Stables Of other Inferiour Officers of the Bed-Chamber There are four Officers that are called the Ordinary or Chief Valets de Chambre which last Title though omitted in their Patents was since confirmed to them by a Brief from his Majesty Their places are worth counting all things about 2000. Crowns a Year They serve indifferently as they can agree one in the place of another and have all things common among them though the Eldest usually chuses his Quarter They perform several honourable Duties in the Chamber as keeping the Door of the Council and giving the accustomed Orders to the Ushers in the absence of the Chief Gentlemen c. They lie at the Kings Beds Feet and keep the Keys of his Trunks They are allowed at present in Money for their Table 1750 l. each Under these there are thirty two other Valets de Chambre that serve quarterly eight each Quarter their Salary is 660 l. yearly they diet at the Table called the Valets de Chambrés Table The quality of Esquires has been confirmed to them by several Orders and particularly by an Order of the Council of State of the 25th of April 1669. By which the Sieur de la Faye one of the Kings Valets de Chamber was maintained in the said Quality of Esquire They perform several Functions about the King when he is Dressing or Undressing as giving him his Chair holding his Morning-Gown and putting it on his Shoulders presenting the Looking-Glass c. They make the Kings Bed the Upholsters standing at the Beds-Feet to help them The Valet de Chambre that is in Waiting is to keep all day within the Rails of the Alcove to watch the Kings Bed They are to see the Officer of the Goblet tast the Wine and Bread that he brings up to the Kings Chamber before it is presented to his Majesty When the Court is on the march in the Country one of the Valets de Chambre goes before to conduct the Kings Bed and is then allowed a Crown a Day Extraordinary When the King quits only for a few days any of his Royal Palaces the Valet de Chambre that stays there to keep the Kings Bed is allowed a Crown a Day for his Diet. The three Valets de Chambre that wait on the Dauphin have each of them likewise a Crown a Day for their Diet. The last year the King supprest all the Supernumerary Valets de Chambre that waited but every other year The Vshers There are sixteen Ushers of the Chamber that serve Quaterly four each quarter They have 660 l. Salary and 300 l. gratuity In their Patents they are written Esquires As soon as the King is out of his Bed and has got on his Morning-Gown and is set down in his Chair the Ushers in Waiting come into his Chamber and one of them taking immediately possession of the Door takes notice what persons of Quality present themselves to come in which having observed
Wages upon the Establishment and 120 l. gratuity at the Treasure Royal They are Esquires by their Places Over these there is one Porte-Manteau or Cloak-Carrier in Ordinary who has a Salary of 1320 l. and his Diet at Court at the Kings Serdeau's or Water-Servers Table The Cloak-Carriers take the Oath of Fidelity before the Chief Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber then in Waiting and take from him Certificates of their Service They eat at the Valets de Chambre's Table They are to be present every Morning at the Kings rising when the King is on a Journey or going any where in the Country when he goes a Hunting a Walking or to see any Musters or when in ill weather his Majesty passes through any open place a Foot or a Horse-back and in any other encounters where the Cloak-Carrier foresees his Majesty may have occasion for his Cloak Nay if his Majesty does but step out of his Apartments into the open Air though it be but to cross the Courts of his Palace or walk in the Garden the Cloak-Carrier runs immediately to the Wardrobe and fetches his Majesties Cloak and keeps close by him with it to be ready to give it him whenever he calls for it At certain Ceremonies where his Majesty usually has a Cloak of State as at a Ball c. Every time his Majesty has a mind to put it off or on it is the Cloak-Carriers Office to do it for him Besides the Cloak these Cloak-Carriers are obliged to take and keep in Custody all other Cloaths or other loose things the Kings puts off only for the present with intention to use them again the same day as his Sword his Gloves his Hat his Muff his Cane c. and to be always nigh at hand to give him them So that by this means they have Entry into almost all places where the King goes But if the King puts off any of these things with intent to use them no more that day then the Officers of the Wardrobe take charge of them and not the Cloak-Carriers And as for his Sword there is something more of Ceremony observed in keeping or holding of that for sometimes it belongs to the Cloak-Carriers and sometimes to the Gentlemen of the Querry to do it for when his Majesty wears Spurs it belongs to the Gentleman of the Querry then in Waiting to carry his Majesties Sword but when the King goes out of his House in Shoes only the Cloak-Carrier carries his Sword as far as the steps of the outward Door and further if the King walks on Foot or goes out in a Coach with but two Horses but if he mounts on Horseback or goes out in a Coach and six Horses then whether the King wears Spurs or no the Cloak-Carrier delivers the Sword into the hands of the Gentleman of the Querry as soon as he comes to the said steps who when they come back if the King wear no Spurs returns the Sword again to the Cloak Carrier as soon as his Majesty lights from his Horse or out of his Coach but if he wear Spurs then the Gentleman of the Querry parts not with the Sword till the Kings Spurs be put off The Cloak-Carriers take Horse in the Court of the Louvre when the King goes out and follow him back again into the Louvre in the same manner when he returns When the King plays at Tennis they present the Balls to the King and keep account of them and they reckon with the Master of the Tennis-Court for the Expences made during the time his Majesty was playing because the King always pays them whether he win or lose The Cloak-Carrier that waits on the Dauphin is allowed a Crown a Day for his Diet. The Arquebuse or Fire-arms-Carriers Are two in number and wait by turns each his half year They have each of them 1100 l. paid them by the Treasurer of the Privy-Purse or Pocket-Expences as well for Wages as for Powder Shot c. for Hunting besides a gratuity of 300 l. at the Treasure Royal. All the Kings old Hunting Arms are their Fees as Fowling-Pieces Pistols c. They eat at the Valets de Chambre's Table They take Horse in the Louvre and follow the King back again thither in the same manner as likewise at present do several other Officers There is likewise one * Mall-Carrier in Ordinary who is likewise Valet de Chambre to the King who is allowed yearly 400 l. Salary paid out of the Privy-Purse 240 l. gratuity at the Treasure Royal and 549 l. for his Diet at the Denier-Chamber When the King goes to play at the Pall-Mall he goes to the Chests of the Wardrobe and takes out for him a Mall some Bowls and other Implements used in that sport Of other Officers who have or take at least the Title of Valets de Chambre and Diet at their Table There are eight Barbers qualified Valets de Chambre who jointly Exercise the same Office that was formerly enjoyed but by one under the Title of Chief-Barber which Title they all eight retain and part the Wages and Gratuities of the said Office among them by vertue of a Brief granted them in the year 1669. Besides which they have 700 l. Wages paid by the Treasurers of the Houshold 150 l. gratuity at the Treasure Royal and 100 l. for furnishing Combs and Sweet Powder At the Dauphins they have half as much Wages as they have at the Kings and 150 l. Gratuity all at the Treasure Royal. Besides a Crown a Day for their Diet. They have the Priviledge to keep by themselves or their Deputies open Shop in any Town of the Kingdom they will chuse not excepting Paris it self in the same manner as any Master Chyrurgion of Paris may do They commonly let out this their Priviledge at Paris for 100 Crowns a year they also let out apart the Priviledge of Chief Barber at Paris at 37 l. 10 d. each place Each of these Barbers are allowed to keep if they please two Prentices or Journey-men in their Shops that understand Chyrurgery but the Kings Chyrurgeons can keep none in their Shops that meddle with the Barbers or Perriwig-Makers Trade because nothing should divert from arriving to perfection in Chyrurgery which is supposed to require a Mans whole application Over these there are two Barbers in Ordinary who have a Salary of 800 l. a year each The Duty of all these is to Comb the Kings Head Morning and Evening to Shave him and to rub and dry him when he comes out of the Bath or Stove and when he has been playing at Tennis There is one Operatour for Teeth who has in all for Wages Diet and Gratuity 11295 l. yearly He furnishes Roots and Oprate There are three Bone-Setters that serve by turns four Months a piece they have each a Salary of 600 l. And one Operatour for the Stone who has a like Salary These eat at the Valets de Chambre's Table There are likewise eight Upholsters that
his Bed-side upon a Cushion laid for him by his Almoner and when he has said his Prayers he comes back and sits down in his Chair where the Master of the Wardrobe draws off his Strait-Coat and Vest and Blue-Ribban as likewise his Cravat There are four Chief Valets of the Wardrobe that wait quarterly they present his Majesty his Socks and Garters in the Morning and at Night tie the Ribbans of his Shirt Their Salary and other allowances from the King amount to 2935 l. yearly and from the Dauphin to 862 l. Sixteen other Valets of the Wardrobe that are allowed by the King a Salary of 520 l. and their Diet at the Valets de Chambres Table and at the Dauphins when they wait there a Gratuity of 260 l. and a Crown a day for their diet Over these there is one Valet of the Wardrobe in Ordinary whose Salary is 1200 l. The Valets of the Wardrobe bring the King his Cloths and their particular Office is when the King rises to give him his Breeches his Stockings and his Boots when he puts on any They always draw off the Shoe Stocking or Boot from his Majesties left Leg. Besides this they give the great Master or the other Masters of the Wardrobe the Cloths they are to dress his Majesty with and present and put them on themselves in their absence or in the absence of the chief Valets of the Wardrobe on all other occasions when the King shifts any of his Cloths in the day time or when he plays at Tennis or comes from Hunting the Valets of the Wardrobe perform the same Duties At Night when the King is going to Bed and in the Morning when he rises before day the Chief Valet de Chambre gives one of the Lords then present that the King names to him the Wax-Light to hold whilst his Majesty is Dressing or Undressing There is one Mail-Carrier who has for Wages Diet and other allowances 2405 l. yearly When the King is on the march he is obliged to mount on Horseback with his Mail covered with a Horse-Cloth Embroidred with his Majesties Arms and Motto in gold In this Mail he carries a Suit of Cloths Linnen Ribbans a loose Gown and other things necessary to shift his Majesty He is mounted at the Kings Stables and has fresh Horses provided for him at every Stage where the King takes any that he may be able to follow him and not be obliged to quit him There are four Yeomen in Ordinary of the Wardrobe they have care of all the Kings Cloths and Linnen they have a yearly allowance of 80 Crowns paid them quarterly at the Treasure Royal and at the years end the Great Master of the Wardrobe gives them the greatest part of the Cloths his Majesty left off that year They also have the keeping of several wearing things set with precious Stones as of Swords garnished with Diamonds Crosses of the Kings Orders likewise set with Diamonds and the like rich Cloths They eat at the Valets de Chambre's Table All the whole Body of the Wardrobe that is all the Officers of it have the priviledge of the first Entry that is they are of the number of those that first enter into the Kings Chamber even before the King is out of his Bed or before he be come out of the Queens Chamber when there is one that they may have in readiness his Majesties Cloths The Taylors Are three in number their yearly allowance counting Wages Gratuities and all things is 1200 l. They make all the Kings Cloths and one of them is to be always at the Kings rising to be ready to do any thing belonging to his Function if there be need and they always put on the Kings new Cloths the first time he wears them There is one Starcher of the Body whose Salary is 600 l. and he has his Diet at Court And two Landrers of the Body serving six Months each whose Salary is 528 l. 15 d. There are besides these several other Officers for the Kings Cloths as Embroiderers Furriers Linnen-Drapers and others that furnish the Silver and Platework His Majesty by a Brief dated the 25th of July 1673. having given leave to the Great Master of the Wardrobe to entertain Tradesmen of all sorts that contribute to the furnishing of the Wardrobe to enter them upon the Books of the Establishment and let them enjoy all the Priviledges of Tablers in the Kings Houshold of which there are about 222 retained all at the rate of 60 l. yearly Salary The Intendants and Comptrollers General of the Chamber-Treasury and Privy-Purse They regulate all the Expences of the Chamber and Wardrobe There are two of them Their Wages and Fees are fixed in the Establishments of the ordinary Expences of the Chamber-Treasury besides which they are allowed 1200 l. yearly each for their Diet which is paid at the Chamber of Deniers They are called Intendants and Comptrollers of the Chamber-Treasury and of the Privy-Purse They examine the particulars of all that is brought into or delivered out of the Chamber-Treasury and the Privy-Purse and all the ordinary and extraordinary Expences thereunto belonging as well for the person as besides the Person of the King and keep a Register of them of which they give an account first before the Chief Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber and afterwards to the Chamber of Accompts in the accustomed manner according to the Rolls particular Accounts and Acquittances comptrolled The expence for the Kings Person comprehends all Cloths Linnen and Jewels or other Ornaments for his Majesties own Wearing The expence besides his Person comprehends all Furniture and Silver or Plate-work for the Kings Apartments and all Extraordinary Expences made at Balls Comedies Mascarades Carouzels Turnaments and other Divertisements as likewise at Christenings Consecrations and Coronation of Kings and Queens Marriages Funeral Pomps Buryings Services for them when dead and Anniversaries They take the Oath of Fidelity before the Chancellor and at the Chamber of Accounts where they are sworn likewise to return into the said Chamber at the end of every Year their Comptrol of the Receit and Expence both Ordinary and Extraordinary of the Chamber-Treasury and Privy-Purse Of the Officers of the Cabinets or Closets and first of the Closet of Dispatches In the Closet or Cabinet of Business and Dispatches which by way of Excellence is simply called the Cabinet There are four Secretaries which in the Book of Establishment are stiled Secretaries of the Chamber and Closet who have for their Salary Diet and all things 9250 l. yearly They Stile themselves Councellours in Ordinary to the King in his Councils They serve the King in all his private Dispatches The Couriers of the Closet are appointed by the Secretaries of State and sent about on several businesses and dispatches Of the Closet of Books The King has a Closet of Books called otherwise the Library of the Kings Person in the Palace of the Louvre at Paris to which by
of Paris as very frequently they are not yet when they go to the Physick School at Paris in their White-Sattin Robes are received at the Door by the Dean of that Body accompanied with some Batchellors of Physick with the Beadles before them There is one Physician in Ordinary who is to attend on the Kings Person in the absence of the Chief Physician who has 1800 l. Salary upon the Establishment paid at the Treasure Royal and 1500 l. Board-Wages paid at the Chamber of Deniers And eight other Physicians serving two every Quarter who have each of them a Salary of 1200 l. paid at the Treasury Royal and 1098 l. Bord-Wages at the Chamber of Deniers at the rate of a Crown a Day These in their several turns of Waiting are always to be present at the Kings rising and going to Bed and at his Meals though he be never so well And when the King touches for the Evil and washes the poor peoples Feet on Maundy-Thursday they or their Superiours are first to visit the Persons that present themselves for Cure And every time the King Touches these Physicians have at the Chamber of Deniers each of them an allowance of 17 l. 9 d. and 4 Deniers in lieu of a former allowance of a dozen of Bread two Quarts of Table-Wine and six Larded Fowls There are besides four Spagyrical or Chymical Physicians who have each a Salary of 1200 l. and several Honorary or Titular Physicians 2. The Chyrurgions are 1. The Chief Chyrurgion who is like wise Guardian of the Charters and Priviledges of the Chyrurgions and Barbers of the whole Kingdom and has a very great Power He has a Salary of a 1000 l. paid by the Treasurers of the Houshold and 1277 l. Board-Wages paid at the Chamber of Deniers besides large and frequent Gratuities and License-Money and Presents from all the Chyrurgions of the Kingdom He has an Apartment in the Kings own Lodgings One Chyrurgion in Ordinary who has a Salary of 1000 l. paid by the Treasurers of the Houshold and 500 l. Board-Wages at the Chamber of Deniers Eight Chyrurgions waiting quarterly two every quarter who have every of them 600 l. Salary 300 l. gratuity at the Treasure Royal and 200 l. Board-Wages at the Chamber of Deniers Besides what is paid them by those that rent the Shops of them they have Priviledge to keep in Paris or in any other Town they shall chuse their dwelling House in And every time the King Touches they have the same allowance that the Physicians have as we have said on the same occasions The Chyrurgions are likewise to be present at the Kings Meals and at his rising and going to Bed as are the Physicians and besides are obliged to follow his Majesty on Hunting for fear of any accident and when he is upon the march into the Country or the Field they are always to keepnigh the Kings Coach There is one Chyrurgion-Major of the Kings Armies and Camps and many others that are only Titular and never wait as such The Kings Chyrugions and Apothecaries have the Priviledge to keep open Shop in Paris or elsewhere which they commonly let out as we have said to others 3. The Apothecaries Are four Chiefs who have a Salary of 1000 l. and 600 l. more allowed them for their Groom They serve quarterly every one their quarter and have every one his Aid or Helper These Aids or Helpers being likewise four have every one of them a Salary of 200 l. paid by the Treasurers of the Houshold and 266 l. 13 d. four Deniers Board-Wages at the Chamber of Deniers Note That a Denier is the twelfth part of a penny or the third of a farthing Besides which both the Chiefs and they have other allowances as followeth 1. The Head or Chief Apothecary that waits the first quarter of the year beginning at new-Newyears Tide is allowed instead of his Diet and some other things he used to have 1070 l. in Money and 42 l. more for furnishing Sugar to the Kings Kitchin on the 42 Fish-Days that happen in his quarter at 20 d. a day and his Aid 180 l. Augmentation Money at the Chamber of Deniers 2. He that waits the second quarter is allowed for the same Considerations 940 l. and 43 l. for furnishing Sugar to the Kings Kitchin on the 43 Meager or Fish-Days that happen in his quarter at the rate of 20 d. a day and his Aid is paid 182 l. at the Chamber of Deniers 3. He that waits the third quarter has upon the account aforesaid 940 l. and 29 l. for Sugar on the 29 Fish-Days in his quarter His Aid has 184 l. at the Chamber of Deniers 4. He that waits the last quarter has for Board-Wages and other things as abovesaid 1000 l. and 29 l. for Sugar for so many Fish-Days happening in his quarter And his Aid has an augmentation of 184 l. at the Chamber of Deniers It is only since 1682. that the Ordinary formerly allowed the Apothecaries in specie was turned into Money The Apothecary that attends on the Duke of Burgundy or any other of the Dauphins Children is allowed during the time of his Waiting 100 d. a day for his own and his Mans Diet. Note That in the Books of the Establishments the Physicians Chyrurgions and Apothecaries are stiled only Maitres or Masters which is a Title beneath that of a Gentleman so much less esteem do they put upon the Science of Physick in France than they do in England The Apothecaries furnish not only Medicines but also some kind of Comfits into the Coffers of the Chamber and other Compositions of Aniseed of Fennel and of Citron-Peel and Spirit of Wine and some other necessary Liquors without being obliged to the Formality of tasting any of them They make Sweet-Bags for the Kings Cloths Linnen and Perriwigs There is always a Carriage of Apothecaries Ware that follows the King There are besides these several Apothecaries Distillers and other Supernumeraries who have no certain times allowed them for waiting but only serve occasionally And many Operators Herbalists and others Of the Barber-Chyrurgions c. that serve the Houshold and the Chamber we have already spoken CHAP. XVII Of the Great Master of the Horse and of the Kings Stables THE Present Great Master of the Horse is Louis de Lorrain Count of Armagnac his Standing Salary is 3600 l. besides which he has 2400 l. Board-Wages upon the Establishment of the Great Stables and 6000 l. Board-Wages more upon the Establishment of the Chamber of Deniers and many other Fees and Perquisites It was formerly the Great or High Constable of France that had the Super-intendance over the Kings Stables who therefore was called Comes Stabuli that is Count of the Stable but when that Great Officer came to be entrusted with the general Command of the Armies the Care of the Kings Horses was wholly left to him who then was called Escuier that is Usher or Squire who was an Officer
that under the said Count of the Stable or Constable took care of the Horses For some time there were several of these Squires or Master of the Horse of equal Command in the Kings Stables as in the time of Philip the Long when there was no Great Master but only four Masters of the Horse entred in the Book of the Establishment for though the same King in 1319. made one Henry de Braybant Great and Chief Marshal of his Stables yet he had not the Title of Great Master neither do we find any mention of the said Title till the reign of Charles the Seventh who made Pothon de Saintrailles and Tanneguy du Chatel Great Squires or Masters of the Horse of France The Great Master of the Horse or Grand Squire or Querry of France for so his Title imports in French carries as a Mark of his Office the Royal Sword in the Scabbard with the Belt both which are covered with Purple-Velvet set with Flower deluces of Massy Gold and the Handle of it is of Massy Gold with Flower-deluces of the same the Buckles of the Belt are likewise of Gold And he bears the Figure of the said Sword on each side of his Coat of Arms. He takes the Oath of Fidelity to the King Himself and he receives it from almost all the rest of the Officers of the Stables He has by his place the power of Deposing of almost all the vacant Offices in the great and little Stable of the Haras or Nursery of Horses and their Dependencies As of the Places of Gentlemen of the Horse or Querries of his Majesties Great Stable of Bearers of the Swords of State of Heralds and Pursuivants at Arms of Cloak-Carriers and Carriers of Gabans or Felt-Coats or Cloaks of Governour Under-Governour and Tutor of the Pages of the Stables of the Almoners Chief Valets Harbingers Coach-men Farriers Great Foot-men Grooms and other places of Officers that actually serve in the great and little Stables and in the Haras or Nursery of Horses of the Ordinary and Extraordinary Riders of both Stables of the Hoboys Violins Bag-Pipers Trumpeters Drummers and Flutes and of all Tradesmen and Workmen that make or furnish any thing to either of the Kings Stables And though the Great Master happen to be imployed elsewhere out of Court or out of France it self nay though he should happen to fall under the Kings Displeasure and be made a Prisoner of State yet till the very Day of his Death he has ever been known to retain the power of Disposing of the said places the Respect of the Kings of France to the dignity of this Office being so great that they have not yet taken it from any in possession of it till they took their Lives as was well seen in the time of the late King Lewis the Thirteenth during the Disgrace of Monsieur de Belle-garde and the Imprisonment of Monsieur de Cinq-mars The Great Master of the Horse has the management of all Monies allowed for the Expences of the Kings Stables and Nursery of Horses as likewise for the maintenance of the Gentlemen-Querries Pages and Officers serving and retained in the Stables and of the Great-Horses Race-Horses and Horses belonging to the Kings Coaches and Waggons and for the Wages Fees Gratuities and Payments of all the Officers of the Stables and of the Merchants or Tradesmen for necessaries they have furnished for any use thereunto belonging as also for Liveries and other Cloths order'd for any of the said Officers and for the Hoquetons or Coats Strait-Coats and Cloaks of the Kings Life-guard-men for the Coats of his Guard of 100 Suissers for the Strait-Coats of Guards of the Gate for the Coats called Hoquetons of the Guards of the Provost of the Houshold and for the Campagn-Coats of the Musketeers and lastly for the Expences of Coaches Waggons and Coverings of the Mules of the Kings Chamber and of the other Offices of his Houshold All the Officers above-named are sworn by him and cannot enjoy any Priviledges and Exemptions annexed to their places till they be Entred upon the Establishments that are fixed and signed by him No Querry or Professor of Horsemanship can set up an Academy to instruct young Gentlemen in Warlike Exercises or any other things proper for noble persons to learn without the Order and Permission of the Great Querry or Master of the Horse of France first obtained The Office of Post-Master General was annexed to that of Great Master of the Horse but was dismembred from it by Henry the Great and still remains so being at present enjoyed by the Great Secretary of State Monsieur Louvois who has as Post-Master General 1200 l. a year Board-Wages paid at the Chamber of Deniers The late King had once promised Monsieur Cinq-mars then Great Master of the Horse to re-annex the Post-Masters Office to that of the Great Master of the Horse but the said Monsieur Cinq-mars being afterwards Imprisoned and Executed for High-Treason that intention came to nothing The Great Master of the Horse has the Honour to have place in his Majesties Coach next the Princes of the Blood and when he is abroad on Horseback he rides next his Person He makes use of the Pages Footmen and Horses of the Kings Stables at his pleasure When the King is on the march for any Warlike Expedition or in the Body of an Army the Great Stable is lodged nearest him before the little Stable but in any Journey wherein he marches not upon any Warlike design nor in a Body of an Army the little Stable is placed nearest his Majesties Lodgings When the King makes his first Entry on Horse-back into any City within his Kingdome or into any Conquered Town where he is to be received with great Ceremony the Great Master of the Horse rides directly before the Kings Person carrying his Majesties Royal Sword in a Sheath of Purple-Velvet set with Flower-deluces of Massy Gold hung in a Belt of the same Stuff and Colour and on a Horse Caparison'd with the same And the Canopy born over his Majesties Head on that occasion is his Fee He rode in this manner at the Solemnity made for the Majority and at the Entry of their Majesties into Paris and it is to be noted likewise that at the Ceremony of the Majority he took his Seat in the Palais or Parliament-House on the right hand of the Great Chamberlain who always sits at the Feet of the Kings Bed of Justice He also bears the said Sword at Funeral Solemnities At the publick Entries of Kings and other great Solemnities He Orders the Trumpeters Hoboys Violins Flutes Tabourins Sackbuts Cornets and Drums to sound and Play for the greater State and Solemnity of the Feast At the Kings Death all the Horses of the Stables and Nursery and all the Harness and Furniture belonging to them fall to the Great Master of the Horse Every time the King Orders any Money for making any new Coaches for himself he
grants out a Warrant for a thousand Crowns to the Great Master of the Horse for a new Coach for him too All new Horses that are brought to Paris do or ought to go and do homage to the King at his Great Stables that is ought first to be carried and shown to the Great Master of the Horse before they are offred to Sale who retains such of them as he thinks his Majesty may have need of or that may be useful for his Service paying very justly a good price for them to the Owners There are as we have already hinted two Stables a greater and a lesser we shall first speak Of the Great Stable He that has charge of the Great Stable next under the Great Master of the Horse and Officiates in his absence is called the first or chief Querry or Master of the Great Stable He has a Salary of 600 l. and 265 l. Board-Wages He is Sworn by the Great Querry or Master of the Horse and is put in by him as are the other Officers of the Kings Stables in the Book of Establishment He is stiled only Querry or Gentleman of the Horse in Ordinary of the Great Stable He has his Lodgings in the Buildings belonging to the Great Stable The other Officers of the Great Stable may be divided into three ranks or sorts 1. The persons and Officers that daily serve at the Great Stable 2. Those that belong to the Haras or Nursery of Horses And 3. The Officers of Ceremony or those Officers of the said Great Stable that are made use of only at Great Ceremonies 1. Then the Officers actually serving at the Great Stables are Three Querries or Gentlemen of the Horse in Ordinary who have each a Salary of 400 l. and 500 l. Board-Wages They instruct and teach the Pages and one of them had the Honour to teach the Dauphin to ride There are a great number of others so called but seldom any are seen to serve but these Three Under-Querries Nineteen Pages for there is pay allowed but for so many in the Books of the Establishment though there be commonly many more that they be augmented and diminished at pleasure The Pages are instructed in Riding Fencing and all other Exercises fit for Gentlemen One Governour in Ordinary of the Pages Two Under-Governours One Tutor in Ordinary One Almoner or Chaplain in Ordinary They have besides for other things A Master of the Mathematicks a Master to teach them Fencing and other Warlike Exercises a Dancing-Master a Vaulting-Master for both Stables a Writing-Master and a Master to teach them to design One Cash-Keeper and Provider And one Genealogist of the Stables This last Office was Created by Letters Patents bearing date the 22th of September 1643. To draw up and examine the proofs of all the Pages admitted into the Kings great or little Stable Which Letters express that his Majesty had set up that Office to prevent for the future the introducing of any abuses in the admission of the Querries and Pages that the service and honour of his Royal House obliged him to retain in his Stables and to know by that means the true Extraction of all such as should present themselves to be admitted who by the Exercises there practised were to add the happiness of being useful to him and the State to the goodness of their Birth that so according to the intention of the Kings Predecessors no person might be admitted into that Body unless he were a Gentleman both by Name and Arms at least by four Paternal Descents or Generations Next there are Four Chief Valets or Waiting-men of the Pages Two Ushers of the Kitchin with their Two Aids or Helpers One Chief or Head of the Office with his Aid or Helper Forty two Great Footmen of the Great Stable who serve two quarters in the year by turns twenty one every other quarter having a Salary for every quarter they serve of 250 l. 10 d. a piece so that in all they have every one 501 l. a year These Footmen sometimes carry up the Kings Meat as in the Army at little Huntings or Huntings of small Game and on all Days and occasions of Ceremony as on Twelfth-Day and when the King treated the Popes Legat and the Suisser Ambassadours and then the Pages fill the Drink and serve as Cup-Bearers Eight Harbingers who have a Salary of 165 l. Ten Coachmen and Conductors of Waggons and Coach-Waggons at 180 l. Salary and three Postilions who are allowed 2600 l. for their Cloaths and eight Farriers Forty Masters or Head-Grooms at 180 l. and fifty Aids or Helping-Grooms and several Riders There are besides many other Officers and Retainers belonging to the Kings Stables as Physicians Chyrurgions Apothecaries Fencing-Masters Vaulters Cooks Landrers and others There are 160 Horses in the Great Stable the keeping of which with what is expended in Medicines for them and Spurs Shoes Harness Sadles Caparisons Horse-Cloaths Bits Bridles and other Furniture must needs amount to a very considerable summ There is one Keeper of the Moveables of the Great Stable and a vast number of Tradesmen that furnish necessaries to both Stables as Horse-Merchants Sadlers Coach-Makers Wheel-wrights Armorers Sword-Cutlers Drapers Taylors Linnen Drapers and others Some Officers of the Houshold have Livery Horses kept for them at the Great Stable as the Mail-Carrier or else they are allowed Money for their Horses and Stabling as the Conductor of the Hackny the Advertiser the Yeoman or Groom of the Bottles the Groom of the Vessels and the Groom of the Fruitry 2. The Haras or Nursery Of Horses consists of a great number of Horses of the Kings own Breed and reared under the care of his Officers for that purpose viz. of Stallions Mares Colts and others which are kept at a place called St. Leger near Montfort L' amaury Over these there is one Chief Querry or Master who is called the Captain of the Haras or Nursery of Horses Fourteen Keepers of the Haras or Nursery who have 130 l. 18 d. yearly Salary two Grooms at 128 l. 15 d. and their Aids or Helpers and the Farriers that shoe the Horses who have each 50 l. Chyrurgions and Apothecaries at 100 l. and several other Officers of the Nursery and one Physician of the Officers 3. The Officers of Ceremony or that serve at Ceremonies are First The Heralds at Arms who are thirty in number whereof the first is King at Arms and is Stiled Mont-joye St. Denis The other twenty nine are Dukes at Arms and take the Names of several Provinces in the Order following Titles of Heralds Of Burgundy Of Alençon Of Brittany Of Poitou Of Artois Of Angōuleme Of Berry Of Guienne Of Picardie Of Champagne Of Orleans Of Provence Of Anjou Of Valois Of Languedoc Of Tolouze Of Auvergne Of Normandie Of Lyonnois or the County of Lyons Of Dauphiné or the Dauphinate Of Bresse Of Navarre Of Périgord Of Xaintonge Of Tourain Of Bourbonnois or the Country of Bourbon Of Alsatia
the Kings Order and a fourth holds up the other end of the Coat of Arms And the chief Querry or in his absence the eldest Querry carries the Helmet or Head-piece adorned with a Crest-Royal The five Querries in Waiting that Quarter march a breast all in Mourning next after the Herse or Waggon of Arms which is drawn with Horses covered with Black-Velvet set with Crosses of White-Satin having about them several Pages in Mourning There are in the little Stable almost the same kind and the same number of Officers as in the great one viz. Three Querries in Ordinary where the Court is and a fourth at Paris The Pages there at present are twenty five besides two Hunting Pages All the Pages the King has in his Chamber Stables or elsewhere serve in the Armies as Aides de Camp under His Majesties own Aides de Camp The Pages of the little Stable when it is dark always carry before the King a white Wax-Flambo and when he goes a Hunting they help the Arquebuse or Arms-Carrier to carry his Majesties Fowling-pieces or Fusils One Governour of the Pages One Tutor of the Pages who has a Salary of 225 l. and an annual gratuity of 200 l. and his Lodging and Diet at the little Stable a Horse at command and a Servant in a Livery to wait on him One Almoner or Chaplain of the little Stable who has a Salary of 400 l. and his Lodging and Diet with a Horse and a Servant at the little Stable Four chief Valets or Waiting-men of the Pages waiting Quarterly who have every one 75 l. Wages and 50 l. gratuity One Cash-Keeper or Pay-Master who has a Salary of 300 l. and an annual gratuity of 1200 l. besides his Diet Lodging and Horse in the said little Stable One Physician four Chyrurgions one Apothecary one Vaulting-Master two Dancing-Masters two Fencing-Masters One Ambling-Master one Porte-Gaban or Felt-Cloke Carrier They have also other Masters to teach them all other necessary Exercises as for the Mathematicks Designing Blazoning and Writing and handling the Pike and Musket c. Four Harbingers Quarterly Waiters who have every one of them a Salary of 165 l. and a gratuity of 100 l. with their Diet Lodging and each of them a Horse One Usher in Ordinary of the Kitchin Two Servants or Grooms of the Pages in Ordinary Seventeen Footmen in Ordinary of the little Stable which are only so by Commission and not as standing Officers Four working Farriers quarterly Waiters twelve Masters or Head-Grooms Quarterly Waiters by six every other Quarter and 50 Aids or Helpers Several Chair-men or Sedan-men The King has at present twenty five gallant Sets of Horses consisting of ten Horses apiece and as many Master-Coachmen or Drivers of Coaches and Calcehes with their Postillions and Servants To know what Livery Officers belong to the Great and what to the little Stable as well Pages as Foot-men and others you must take notice which way their Coat-Pockets are made for the Officers of the Great-Stables Pockets are slit Cross-ways their Liveries and the others long-ways downward CHAP. XVIII Of the Chief-Surveyor or Super-Intendant of the Royal Buildings and of the Architects and other Officers under him and of the Keepers of the Kings Houses Parks and Forests THE Super-Intendant is stiled Super-Intendent and General Orderer of the Buildings of the Royal Houses and of his Majesties Gardens and Tapstries and of the Arts and Manufactures of France of which last he is the Great Monopolizer under the King and is at present Monsieur Louvois Secretary of State He is sworn at the Chamber of Accounts in which he has both Voice and Place Monsieur Louvois when he was sworn took his place there above the Dean of the Masters of the Accounts There are three other Intendents or Surveyors of the Building that serve yearly every one his year at 6000 l. Salary Three Comptrollers of the Buildings who have each of them a Salary of 5500 l. One Chief Architect who has a Salary of 6000 l. and a gratuity of 4000 l. Two Treasurers Of the Royal Houses and first of the Louvre This Palace was called the Louvre that is to say as some will have it L'oeeuvre that is The Work by way of Excellence as if it were a Master-piece of Architecture and from that the French call all their Kings Palaces and those of other Kings in other Countries Louvres in ordinary Speech The old Palace of the Louvre at Paris was begun by the Predecessors of Philip Augustus and was finished in his Reign in the year 1214. of which Building there still remained in the time of Francis the First a Tower called the Iron Tower which was in the middle of the Court which the said King caused to be demolished because it darkened the Palace In the year 1364. Charles the Fifth rebuilt and enlarged that Palace of which the Porches are still remaining About the year 1545 Francis the First begun to build the Great Hall of the Louvre which was finished by Henry the Second in 1548 Charles the Ninth and Henry the Third continued this Building but Henry the Great built those Magnificent and long Galleries that go from the Louvre to the Tuilleries by the Water-side and the Gallery of the Painters which was burnt down by a Fire that hapned on the 6th of February 1661. which likewise did some dammage to the other Galleries but all has been since repaired Queen Catharine of Medicis built the Apartment that Fronts the Tuilleries in 1564. Lewis the Thirteenth built the other side of the old Court of the Louvre and the Continuation of it from the Great Dome in the middle under which the Councel of Finances and of the Farms is held Lewis the Great at present happily reigning has built on both sides of the old Louvre what remained unfinished He likewise has built a Dome at the Corner of his Chamber and of the Gallery of the Painters which is as we have said at present rebuilt and larger than it was before Besides he has rebuilt the whole Palace of the Tuilleries and the Hall of the Machines or Engines And he has likewise caused much to be done in the inclosure of the first Court of the Louvre at the Portal and in several other places There are at the Palace of the Louvre as at all other Royal Houses A Captain of the Palace who has a Salary of 1200 l. upon the Revenues of Paris A Lieutenant at 400 l. Salary out of the same Revenues A Keeper of the Palace of the Louvre who is Porter of the first and second Gates who has a Salary of 120 l. paid out of the Crown-Revenues of Paris A Keeper of the Tennis-Court One Gardiner Four Morte-Paies or Standing Guards that wear the Kings Livery who have every one a Salary of 90 l. upon the general Revenue of Paris several Porters and a Clock-Keeper that have Wages and Diet and enjoy the usual Priviledges of the Kings menial Servants A
Captain of the Tuilleries and two Keepers A Gardiner and Designer in Ordinary of the Tuillery-Garden a Keeper of the Orange-Garden of the Tuilleries a Porter of the Gate of the Queens Walk towards Chaillot A Gardiner of the Nursery of Trees at Roüle established there in 1670 who is Director of all the Designs or Plots of Trees in the Royal Houses In the Warren of the Louvre are these following Officers A Bailiff and Captain of the Game of the Warren of the Louvre a Lieutenant General and one other Lieutenant of the Game of the said Warren The Kings Proctor or Attorney for the Game of the said Warren One Deputy Lieutenant-General and one Exempt and one Keeper of the Palace Royal built by Cardinal Richelieu The Captains and other Officers belonging to the other Royal Houses are as follows 1. The Palace or Castle of Madrid which was built by Francis the First in 1530. at his return from his Imprisonment in Spain after the Pattern of the Palace at Madrid that had been his Prison has these Officers A Captain who is stiled Captain of the Game and Castle of Madrid of the Wood of Boulogne the Bridge of St. Cloud the Plain of St. Denis and its Appurtenances and Forrestes of the said places A Lieutenant-General of the said Game with a Deputy-Lieutenant The Kings Proctor and his Substitute An Exemt thirty Guards of the Game Horse and Foot for the Wood of Boulogne and three Leagues round about it Four Porters of the Park or Wood of Boulogne Of St. Germains en Laye 2. The old Castle of St. Germains en Laye was founded by Charles the Fifth but the Church and the Priory were built before by King Robert who died in 1080. In it are these Officers A Captain and Governour of the Castles Parks Forests Woods and Thickets of St. Germain en Laye of the Plains and places depending thereon of the Pack of Hounds of St. Jamme of the Town and Bridge of Poissy who is also Captain and Judge of the Game within the extent of the said Captainship who has a Salary of 1200 l. paid by the Treasurers of the Game There is likewise under the Super-intendant a Comptroller of the Building of St. Germain en Laye The Castle of St. Germains en Laye consists of two Castles so called the old and the new To the old one which was lately very splendidly rebuilt and enlarged belong these Officers A Keeper of the said Castle and of the Clock and other moveables of the same who has a Salary of 400 l. paid by the Treasurers of the Buildings One Chaplain who has a standing Salary of 2000 l. yearly 900 l. for Tabling two Priests under him instead of two Clerks allowed formerly and 400 l. for a Servant in the Vestry Which two Priests besides their Diet have a yearly allowance each of 400 l. The said two Priests by turns say Mass for the King after the Chaplain has said his on his day and have their Lodging in the said Castle or Palace One Porter at 100 l. Salary paid by the Treasurers of the Buildings Twelve Morte-Paies or standing Guards at 60 l. a piece yearly Salary paid by the Treasurers of the Game and two Gardiners In the New Castle of St. Germain en Laye are A Keeper of the said Castle and Moveables of the same A Governour and Keeper of the old Great Cage who has a Salary of 1455 l. paid at the Treasure Royal. Another Keeper of the new Cage with the same Salary Two Porters at 100 l. Salary paid by the Treasurers of the Buildings An Intendant or Surveyor of the Grottoes who has a Salary of 3600 l. A Gardiner of the Garden-Plots and Hillocks or Mounts at 700 l. Salary paid by the Treasurers of the Buildings another Gardner of the Garden next the Park at 400 l. Salary paid by the same Treasurers and a Gardner of the Bowling-Green at 900 l. Salary paid by the same Treasurers A Keeper of the Park and of the Pleasure-House called le Val or the Vale who has a Salary of 300 l. paid likewise by the same A Painter at 200 l. a Carpenter a Joyner a Lock-smith and a Mason at 30 l. Salary each A Keeper of the Dog-Kennel who has 240 l. Salary A Keeper of the Tennis-Court who has no Salary but only his Lodging and the profits of the said Tennis-Court A Keeper of the Hall and moveables of the Chancery there who has a Salary of 1000 l. paid him by the Treasurers of the Seal out of the profits of the said Seal this Office was established in 1631. and is in the Kings Gift This Keeper has both his Lodging and Diet there A Keeper of the little Stable at 400 l. Salary A Lieutenant and two Deputy-Lieutenants of the same whereof the first has a Salary of 600 l. and the two others of 300 l. a-piece paid by the reâ—s of the Game A Proctor for the King Four Exempts a Recorder an Inspector or Overseer by Commission several Huntsmen and twenty eight Guards of the Game on Foot and twelve on Horse-back A Master of the Waters and Forests a Lieutenant a Proctor for the King for the said Waters and Forests a Hammer-Keeper a Recorder and about sixteen Guards of the Forest Of Fountain-Bleau We find in History that Lewis the Seventh called the Young built the Chappel of St. Saturnine in the Oval-Court of the Palace of Fountain-bleau in the year 1160. In it there is one Captain or Governour who is stiled Captain Keeper and Governour of the Forest of Biévre and of the Burrough and Castle-Royal of Fountain-bleau particular Master of the Waters and Forests of the Bailywick of Melun and Provostship of Moret and Captain of the Game of the said places and of the Woods and Thickets of Brie and Captain Master and Keeper of the Keys of the House Castle Gardens Parks Fountains and Channels or Canals of Fountain-bleau Next are First Several Officers of the Buildings and Keepers of the Apartments and Pavillons or distinct Bodies of Buildings thereunto belonging Secondly For the Game and Thirdly For the Waters and Forests of the same The Officers of the Buildings and Keepers of the Apartments and Houses Next under the General Super-intendant of the Buildings of the Royal Houses of France are the three Comptrollers-General of the said Buildings and under them one particular Comptroller of the Buildings established at Fountain-bleau One Keeper of the Apartments of his Majesty and of the Dauphin for the Oval-Court for the Court of the Fountain of Perseus and for the new Apartment of the Queens towards the Court of the White Horse One Scavenger or Sweeper of the Courts at 400 l. Salary Two Keepers of the Garden-Plot of Orange-Trees One Keeper of the White-Horse-Court One Clock-Keeper and one Keeper of the Tennis-Court next the said White-Horse-Court and one Porter of the said Court In the House of the Reverend Fathers Maturins there are One Minister or Superiour and seven
Cuise lés Compiegne A Master of the Waters and Forests a Keeper of the Tennis-Court and other Officers Of the Castle of Vincennes In 1183. Philip Augustus inclosed the Park of Vincennes with Walls The Castle of Vincennes was afterward begun to be built by Philip de Valois in 1337. and continued in 1361. from the height of the Causey to the third Story and was at length finished by Charles the Fifth Belonging to this there are a Captain and Governour of the Castle and Park of Vincennes and of the Game and Chaces there This Government was created in 1676. The twelve Officers and Keepers of the Game hereunder mentioned are put in all by his nomination viz. A Lieutenant and a Deputy-Lieutenant four Horse and three Foot-Guards a Fox-Hunter and Cooper A Proctor for the King a Register or Recorder They enjoy their places by Patent from the King though they be named by the Captain-Governour and their Jurisdiction extends it self over eleven Villages and their Territories Lastly There is one Keeper of the Castle and moveables In the Castle of the Bastille at Paris where Prisoners of State are kept there are One Captain-Governour several standing-Guards one Chaplain one Physician one Apothecary which Office was Created the 17th of February 1647. with power of ordering a Committimus under the Great-Seal and one Chyrurgeon Over the Arsenal which belongs to it there is likewise one Great Master of the Artillery and several other Officers Of the Palace of Versailles This is a Palace in a manner wholly reared by this King chosen in a situation naturally bad the better to shew his Magnificence For there is no Water naturally comes thither but all forced yet are there the most sumptuous and magnificent Water-Works perhaps in the World and in the greatest number which are all fed by Water brought by Wells Machines and Pipes a prodigious distance There is one Intendant of the Palace of Versailles of Trianon of the Parks and of the other Lands and Lordships of Versailles and Marly The Description of it would take up a Volume it self it being the glory of all the Royal Buildings and Gardens of France It has a Canal where there are several Gallies Ships and Gondola's and has abundance of like Officers and Keepers belonging to it as there is at Fountain-bleau which it was made to out-vie Here is all the present Kings delight In the Month of April in 1682. The King established there twelve Clergy-men to serve the Chappel of the Palace and two other persons of which six were to be Priests and six Clerks and two Lay-Brothers All these fourteen persons are at present of the Congregation of the Mission And in 1683. the King retained and setled a Printer there who has a Salary of 300 l. a year Of the Castle of Monceaux Catharine of Medicis Wife to Henry the Second who was not King of France till the year 1547. Built at Monceaux a House truly Royal and made a Magnificent Seat of a Country place it was before There is belonging to it a Governour-Captain and Keeper of the Castle of Monceaux and Captain of the Game of the Warren of Meaux and the Plains belonging to it and under him a Keeper of the Castle and moveables of the same And another Keeper of the Great Lower Court Of the Castle of Chambor There was a Castle at Chambor built in old time by the Counts of Blois But the Castle now standing was built by Francis the First There is a Governour of it and Captain of the Game A Lieutenant and a Deputy-Lieutenant One Keeper and one Porter of the Castle One Master of the Waters and Forests One Provost who is Counsellour and particular Lieutenant of Blois One Proctor for the King A Recorder Four Ordinary Guards and one Huntsman and the Porters of the several Gates of the Park in number six One Keeper of the Decoy or Duck-Pond And under the Super-intendant of the Buildings there are two Surveyors or Comptrollers Of the Castle of Blois Though this Palace belongs to Monsieur the Kings Brother yet his Majesty disposes of all the Offices and Places belonging to it There are in it One Keeper of the Castle one Porter one Keeper of the Keys of the Lower-Court four Horse-Guards two Foot-guards one Pheasant-Hunter two Gardners and Keepers of the upper and lower Gardens Of Plessis les Tours In this Palace died Lewis XI in 1483. There is belonging to it a Governour and some other Officers There are several other Royal Houses and Palaces which are at present slighted and not lookt after The present King bearing the Sun for his Devise Monsieuer le Brun his Chief Painter has represented in a piece of Tapistry of twelve pieces so many Royal Houses alluding to the several Celestial Houses that King of Planets passes through with the name and sign of each Month. 1. For January on the top of the whole Tapstry is exprest the Louvre with the Sign Aquarius 2. For February the Palace Royal with the Hall of the Balls and the Sign Pisces 3. For March the Castle of Madrid in the Wood of Boulogne with a representation of the Hunting of the Deer with the Sign Aries 4. For April Versailles with the Sign Taurus 5. For May that side of the New Castle of St. Germain en Laye towards the River with the Sign Gemini 6. For June that side of Fountain-bleau towards the Garden-Plot of the Tyber with the Sign Cancer 7. For July the Castle of Vincennes with the Sign Leo. 8. For August the Palace of Marimont in Flanders near Mons which was the House of Arch-Duke Leopold with the Sign Virgo But this House was restored again to the Spaniards by the Treaty of Nimeguen in 1678. 9. For September the Castle of Chambor with the Sign Libra 10. For October the Palace of the Tuilleries with the Sign Scorpio 11. For November the Castle of Blois with the Sign Sagittarius 12. For December the Palace of Monceaux with the Sign Capricorn There are several Royal Houses not exprest there as that of Compiegne Plessis les Tours c. Besides the particular Officers of all these Palaces and their Appurtenances there are two other General Officers for all of them viz. 1. An Intendant or Surveyor-General of the Kings Waters and Fountains in all his Houses Royal He it is that gives out all the Orders to the Workmen about all Works to be done to the Waters Grottes and artificial Water-works in any of them He has Officers under him at Paris that take care of the Aque-ducts He has a Salary of 3000 l. 2. An Intendant of the Devises and Inscriptions upon Royal Edifices which was an Office of great esteem in the time of Francis the First In his Patent he is stiled Intendant of the Inscriptions of the Royal and publick Buildings of inventions of Trophies designs and draughts of Painting Emblems Descriptions and other Decorations made in the Chambers Closets Galleries Gardens and
was an Office that begun with the Monarchy it self He is sworn by the King himself and is received into the Great Council where he takes place as Secretary of State He has the Priviledge to chuse his Lodging after the Princes Dukes and Peers and Marshals of France have chosen theirs for which reason he is called the last in the Ranks He has a Salary of 2000 l. and an annual Gratuity of 8000 l. All the Officers of the Provost-ship are received by his Majesty upon the nomination of the Great Provost and afterwards take out Letters from the King under the Great Seal directed to the Great Council where they are admitted upon those Letters and qualified Judges The Great Provost Judges of all matters both Civil and Criminal hapning between the Officers of the Kings Houshold among themselves or between them and others which are not so The Jurisdiction of the Provostship of the Houshold is the ordinary Court of Justice for the Kings Houshold and therefore from the beginning was ordered to be kept in the Louvre that so the Kings Officers and others of his Court and Retinue having their natural Judge within the Kings House might not be diverted from the service of his Majesty for some years the place where the Provosts Court used to be kept being taken up by the Queen-Mother it was transferred to the Fort-Eveque or Bishops-Fort At present the Officers of the Provostship have their Auditory in the inclosure of the Great Council-Chamber there they have their Hall of Audience their Council-Chamber their Civil and Criminal Records or Registers and there is the Office of the Ushers of the Provostship The present King by a Brief bearing date the 8th of September 1658. declared that he would settle the Seat or Court of the Jurisdiction of the Provost of the Houshold re-established in the Louvre and that he would cause a convenient place there to be marked out and set apart for that purpose The said Court is kept there three times a Week viz. on Tuesday Thursday and Saturday-Mornings People plead there by a Proctor as in other Courts but in a more summary and concise way In civil matters there lies an Appeal from it to the Great Council but in matters Criminal the Great Provost Judges without Appeal as well as the Masters of Requests and those of the Great Council The Officers of the Kings Houshold and those of his Court and Retinue may by special priviledge bring all their Causes into this Court whether they be Civil or Criminal since the Court was chiefly erected in their favour There needs no Committimus to cite any one that belongs to or follows the Court but only an assignation or warning taken out of the Provosts Court by vertue of a Commission out of the Registry there But as the said persons have the priviledge to bring their actions against their Debtors in this Court or to appeal from their Prosecutors thither they may do it if they please by vertue of their Committimus and at their choice bring their Causes either before the Masters of the Requests of the Palace or of the Requests of the Houshold or before the Provost of the Houshold The Great Provost only has power to apply Seals make Inventories and do all other acts of Justice in the Louvre and in the Galleries and other places thereunto belonging and in other Royal Houses within fourteen Leagues distance of Paris as it was determined a Contradictory Sentence of the Council of the 25 of March 1650. given in favour of the Officers of the Provostship of the Houshold against the Officers of the Chatelet He may also take cognisance of all crimes and particular offences and other Causes pro or con any way relating to the people of the Court and of the Kings Retinne and belonging to the Royal Houses and against Vagabonds and of several other Cases with the consent and advice of the other Provosts When he follows the Court any where he Taxes and sets a price upon all Provisions gives assistance for taking of Lodgings if any resistance be made and doth other things necessary for the civil Government there by his Lieutenants of the Long Robe or in their absence by the Lieutenants and Exempts of the short Robe who call to their assistance the Officers or Magistrates and chief Inhabitants of the place When the Court takes a Journey the Great Provost Commands a sufficient number of Tradesmen and Handicrafts-men to follow it to whom he grants Letters of Priviledge by which they are obliged to furnish the Court and its Retinue with all necessaries who are called the Priviledged Tradesmen and by vertue of the said Letters are impowered to keep open Shop in Paris or elsewhere and enjoy several other Exemptions Of the Officers of Judicature belonging to the Provostship of the Houshold For the better administration of Justice to the Officers of the Kings Houshold and to the rest of his Court and Retinue the great Provost has under him two Lieutenants which are put in by the King but named by the Great Provost and are admitted as such in the Great Council where they are sworn There was formerly but one Lieutenant-General the other being but a particular Lieutenant but by an Edict of the Month of September registred in the Great Council the 7th of November following the King made these two Offices equal so that at present there are two Lieutenants-General for both Civil and Criminal matters they have each of them 400 l. Salary and 600 l. gratuity The first of these exercises his Office the first six Months of the Year where the Kings Court is and the other six Months he keeps the Provosts Court at Paris within the Inclosure of the Great Council-Chamber when the King is abroad and the Great-Council at Paris The other serves the latter six Months of the Year at the Kings Court and the first six Months keeps the Provosts Court at Paris for the causes of those that are Officers of any Royal Houses within his Precinct and priviledged persons and others So that there is always two Seats or Courts of Justice of the Great Provost one at Paris for the better expedition of the Causes of the Officers and priviledged Persons belonging to the Royal Houses and another where the Court is when his Majesty is not in Paris as he never is to stay Note That the two Lieutenants the Kings Proctor and the Register of the Provosts Court are allowed each of them at the Salt-Granary at Paris two Minots of Free-Salt that is for paying only some ancient Duties The Kings Proctor there has a Salary of 400 l. 75 l. Augmentation-Money and a gratuity of 1200 l. He serves all the year round and has a Substitute There is one Register in chief both for Civil and Criminal matters who has 104 l. Salary and 400l gratuity He has under him two Commis or Deputies that have the priviledge to wear both Gowns and Caps at
Audiences and two other Deputies to take informations under the Lieutenants of the Short-Robe in the Field and out of the Kings Quarter and then they are obliged within twenty four hours to put up their informations into the Registry or Recorders Office and to cause their Prisoners to be brought up to be Examined by the Lieutenants of the Long-Robe and in their absence by the Lieutenants and Exempts of the short one who only have power to take cognisance of and judge criminal Causes among the Kings Retainers and in his Quarter All the Officers above-mentioned are Commoners or Tablers in the Kings Houshold and on the four chief Festivals of the year are allowed Bread Wine and Meat Candles on Candlemas and Corpus Christi days and Prayer-Books and Cloth in the Holy Week There are also twelve Proctors called Postulants One Chief Usher and twelve other Ushers that wear the Kings Livery and carry in their hands a blue Wand with Flower-deluces at the end They are Exempt from Taxes Subsidies and Loans and enjoy all the other Priviledges of the Commoners of the Kings Houshold There are likewise two Notaries and Keepers of the Royal Notes that follow the Court And One Usher Trumpeter at 272 l. 10 d. Salary And One Executioner of Criminal Sentences Besides these there are other Officers as they call them of the Short-Robe that are a kind of Medium between Civil and Military Officers which we shall add here viz. One Lieutenant-General Four Lieutenants officiating each two quarters in a year who have a Salary of 400 l. and a gratuity of 600 l. Four other Lieutenants quarterly Waiters The Lieutenant of the quarter beginning in January has the liberty if he will to serve and bear the Staff in the quarter beginning in July he of July quarter in January he of April in October and he of October in April In the absence of the Great Provost they receive Orders immediately from the King When the Lieutenant of the Sword or of the Short-Robe of the Provosts Court has a mind to go up to the Seat of the Audiences at Paris he sits on the right hand of the Lieutenant-General that is of the Long-Robe and that presides there and the Kings Proctor as a Counsellour by his place sits on his left This has been practised several times and lately on Saturday the 30th of August 1681. When the Sieur Barbier Lieutenant-General of the Long-Robe had at his right hand the Sieur Tournier Lieutenant of the Short-Robe and the Sieur Le Roy de Gomberville Proctor for the King on his left and in the absence of the Lieutenant-General of the Long-Robe the Lieutenant of the Sword presides and has the Kings Proctor on his left hand There is likewise another Lieutenant of the Provostship that ordinarily waits on the Chancellour where he has his Diet and 5500 l. Salary and gratuity They are likewise Commoners of the Houshold and enjoy the same Priviledges with other Officers of the same As for the Exempts and Guards belonging to the Provostship we shall speak of them among the Military Officers of the Kings Houshold There are belonging to the Provostship besides these one Chaplain called the Chaplain of St. Barbara One Marshal or Harbinger of the Lodgings Three Treasurers of the Provost-ship that pay all the Officers of it both Civil and Military they serve by turns each one his year CHAP. XXI Of the Great Master the Master and Aid or Assistant of the Ceremonies THE Great Master of the Ceremonies of France is Jule Armand Colbert Marquiss of Blainville he was sworn the 30th of January 1685. His Salary is 3000 l. He is sworn by the Great Master of the Houshold under him there is One Master of the Ceremonies who has 2000 l. Salary and is likewise sworn by the Great Master of the Houshold and One Aid or Assistant of the Ceremonies at 600 l. Salary The Great Master Master and Assistant or Aid of the Ceremonies exercise their Offices jointly at Royal Solemnities bearing in their hands a Staff of Ceremony covered with black Velvet with the handle and top tipt with Ivory The Assistant of Ceremonies is also sworn by the Great Master of the Houshold They are to be present at Coronations of Kings and at the opening of Assemblies of the Estates at Christnings and Marriages of Kings and Princes at the first and last Audiences of Ambassadours both Ordinary and Extraordinary at the conducting of Queens or Princesses and at their Obsequies and Funeral Pomps where they order all and take care to give every one their Rank and Precedence due to their quality They are clad in different habits almost at every one of those different Ceremonies When the Great Master the Master or the Aid of the Ceremonies go to carry any Order or Message to any of the Soveraign Courts after they have saluted them they take their place among the Counsellours but with this difference that if it be the Great Master of the Ceremonies himself he takes place above the last Counsellour but if it be the Master in Ordinary or his Aid he takes his Seat after them all and then upon a sign made to him by the chief President he speaks to them from his Seat with his Head covered his Sword by his side and his Staff of Ceremonies in his hand At the first and last Audiences of Ambassadours the Great Master the Master or Aid of the Ceremonies marches on the right hand of the Ambassadour a little before him from the bottom of the Stairs to the Guard-Chamber where being come he advances before him to give notice to his Majesty There is likewise an Exempt of the Kings Guards appointed to wait at Ceremonies who in the Book of the Establishment is called Major of the first Company of the Guards Commanded at present by the Duke of Noailles CHAP. XXII Of the Introductour of Ambassadours THere were formerly two of these Introductours or Conductours but by the present King they were reduced to one who is stiled the sole Introductour of Foreign Princes and Ambassadours to his Majesty who at present is Monsieur Michael de Chabenat Knight and Count de Bonneville c. His Salary is 1200 l. But he has another under him at a like Salary The Introductour of Ambassadours both for Audiences and all other things relating to his Office receives Orders only from the King He conducts receives and introduces into the Chamber of their Majesties or of the Children of France and Princes and Princesses of the Blood any other Kings Soveraign Princes and Princesses or Cardinals Ambassadours Ordinary and Extraordinary Gentlemen Envoys Residents Agents Heads of the Orders Foreign Deputies bearing any Character or making any publick Figure and generally all Foreign Persons of Quality when they come to the Kings Palace for Audience He likewise Conducts the Wives of any such persons abovesaid to the like Audience of the Queen CHAP. XXIII Of the Secretary of the Houshold and the Treasurers
that pay the Officers of it THE Secretary of the Houshold who is at present the Marquiss of Seignelay the late Great Colberts Eldest Son who has as Secretary of the Kings Houshold 3000 l. Salary and 1200 l. as Secretary of the Chamber besides 6000 l. Board-Wages and 1200 l. for his first Commis or Clerk In all the Books of Establishment the Treasurers are placed after all the rest of the Houshold in this Order 1. There are three Treasurers of the Epargne or Spare Treasure that is to say the Treasure of the Kings clear Money all charges of the state born that are intituled Keepers of the Treasure Royal they wait by turns and pay all the Treasurers of the Kings Houshold 2. Three Treasurers of the Kings Offrings Alms and Devotions These Treasurers have no Comptroller 3. General Treasurers of the Houshold that serve by turns every one his year they are allowed each 1800 l. Board-Wages at the Chamber of Deniers 'T is upon the Certificates of these Treasurers that credit is given in all the Provinces throughout the Kingdom for maintaining the Kings Officers in their Priviledges as Exemption from Taxes Committimus c. They take the Oath of Fidelity in the Chamber of Accounts To these belong two Comptrollers Three Treasurers of the Cash or Pay-Office of the Chamber serving by turns Three Treasurers of the Kings Pocket or private Expences and of the affairs of his Chamber They pay the Expences of the Kings Cloaths and Furniture and the Fees allowed several Officers for their Cloathing We have already spoken of the Masters of the Chamber of Deniers and the Comptrollers-General of the Cash or Pay-Office of the Chamber and of the private Expences in treating of the Chamber Two Treasurers of the Stables that pay all the Expences and Officers of the Stables and one Comptroller of the same Four Treasurers of every Company of Life-Guards which make twelve in all besides the Quadriennial ones Three Treasurers of the hundred Suissers Three Treasurers of the Provostship of the Houshold three Treasurers of the Gend'armes or Men at Arms. The Treasurers of the other Companies as of the light Horse the Musketeers the Gentlemen au bec de Corbin or Gentlemen Pensioners Three Treasurers of the French-Guards and their Comptrollers Three Treasurers of the Suisse-Guards The Treasurers of the casual Revenues Two General Treasurers of the Ordinary of the Wars that pay all the old Regiments The Treasurers of the Extraordinary of the Wars that pay all the new Regiments Three Treasurers of the Game and of Hunting Three Treasurers of the Buildings One General Treasurer of the Vessels or Navy One Treasurer of the Gallies A Treasurer of the Bridges and Causeys and many others All these Treasurers receive their money every Month at the Treasure Royal except those of the Life-Guards who receive theirs once a Week for as for their other appointments they are not paid till the Years end Note That the Salaries and appointments of the Kings Officers cannot be stopt in the hands of the Treasurers according as it has been determined by several Orders and among others by an Order of the Privy-Council of the 5th of June 1657. CHAP. XXIV Of the Kings Pleasures and the Officers thereunto belonging FOrmerly instead of the Great Huntsman the Great Falconer and the Great Wolf-Hunter there were only entred upon the Books of Establishment of the Houshold Hunters Falconers Partridge-Catchers Fowlers Wolf-Hunters and other Officers necessary for the Game And there used to be two great Hunting-Seasons observed in the Year viz. at the risings of the Parlement or Assises which were held but twice a year I. Article Of the Great Hunter or Huntsman This Officer has a Salary of 1200 l. 10000 l. appointment and for his Dogs 6387 l. 10 d. which is in all 17587 l. 10 d. a year besides other Gifts from the King Almost all the Offices and places here under-named are in his disposal when vacant He is sworn by the King himself and gives Grants to the other Officers of the Venery or Hunting-Office He was formerly called The Great Forester He has the super-intendance over all the Officers of the Kings Hunting-Office The first Great Hunter was William de Gamaches under Charles the Sixth or long before as some will have it one Hugues Sire or Lord of Lesigems Under him are these Officers viz. One Lieutenant in Ordinary of the Hunting-Office whose Salary is 1000 l. Four Lieutenants Quarterly-Waiters put in by the King whose Salary is 1000 l. Four other Lieutenants ordinarily Waiting at the said Office Four Deputy-Lieutenants Quarterly-Waiters at 500 l. Salary One other Deputy-Lieutenant Forty seven Gentlemen Hunters and four other Gentlemen Hunters in Ordinary One Servant of the Dogs in Ordinary on Horse-back Salary 400 l. Four Servants of the Dogs in Ordinary on Horse-back Quarterly-Waiters Salary 200 l. Eighteen Servants of the Bloodhounds at 150 l. Salary Fifteen Servants of the Dogs Quarterly-Waiters at 100 l. and two other Servants of the Dogs at 60 l. Four Harbingers at 150 l. Four little Servants or Boys in Ordinary to look after the Dogs that lie under the same roof with them at 80 l. apiece Two Pages at 600 l. Two Farriers at 75 l. One Chyrurgion at 150 l. One Gelder of Dogs and Curer of Madness at 75 l. One Porter or Carrier of the Hunting Bed Three General Treasurers before-mentioned whose Salary with all other profits amounts yearly to 9300 l. each They take the Title of Counsellours to the King Three Comptrollers of the Hunting-Office of Hunting-Nets and of the Falconry who have each 2065 l. 13 d. 4 deniers Salary 1. The first and chief Hunting of France is that of the Red Deer 2. That of the Wild-Goat and Fallow-Deer 3. That of the Hare and Fox 4. That of the Wolf 5. That of the Wild-Boar There is a Pack of Hounds for the Wild-Goat to which belong two Lieutenants who have 800 l. apiece yearly allowance One Baker who has 60 l. Salary and 4925 l. for feeding and maintaining the Dogs Three Prickers or Markers who have 683 l. 6d and 8 Deniers or a half-penny Three Foot-Servants of the Dogs at 275 l. each and several other Servants of the Dogs at 300 l. apiece One Page at 600 l. There is a Company of Horse-Guards of the Kings Pleasures within the extent of the Plains Woods and Thickets near or within ten Leagues of the City of Paris under the Command of the Great Hunter under whom there is Lieutenant at 600 l. and a Deputy Lieutenant at 300 l. yearly Salary And six Archers or Horse-Guards at 150 l. a Man There is likewise a Pack of Scotch-Hounds for the Hare to which belong A Lieutenant who has 1000 l. Salary and 150 l. for a Page A Baker at 60 l. a Pricker or Marker of the Dogs who has 647 l. 10 d. Salary and 70 l. for Cloaths A foot Servant of the Dogs at 216 l. and a Page as abovesaid
is performed with a Ger-falcon and any sorry Greyhound to help the Hawk sometimes The Hawks and Flights belonging to the Kings Cabinet entred on the Establishment of the Great Falconry are 1. A Flight for the Crow to which belong A Captain or Chief at 700 l. a Lieutenant-Aid at 300 l. a Master-Falconer at 300 l. six Prickers at 250 l. each and a Porte-Duc or Decoy-Bearer at 250 l. Allowed besides for the keeping of sixteen Hawks at 3 d. apiece a day 873 l. 5 d. And to the Keeper of the Perch of the said Flight and that looks after the Hawks that are not carried out at the rate of 15 d. a day 273 l. 15 d. besides 36 l. more for Shoes which amounts in all to 4233 l. 2. A Flight for the Mag-Pie to which belong A Captain or Chief at 700 l. a Lieutenant-Aid and a Master-Falconer at 300 l. each three Prickers at 250 l. apiece More allowed for the feeding and keeping of eight Hawks and for buying them 838 l. And to the Keeper of the Perch of the said Flight who likewise looks after the Hawks that are not carried out 273 l. and 36 l. for Shoes which amounts in all to 3197 l. 15 d. 3. A Flight for the Pigeon to which belong A Captain or Chief at 700 l. a Lieutenant-Aid at 300 l. and three Prickers at 250 l. apiece More allowed for Keeping eight Hawks and buying them 838 l. and keeping eighteen Spaniels at 4 d. a day each 1314. To the Servant that looks after the said Spaniels 273 l. 15 d. besides 36 l. for Shoes and To the Keeper of the Perch of the said Flight and of the Hawks that are not carried out 273 l. 15 d. and 36 l. for Shoes which amounts in all to 4521 l. 10 d. 4. A Flight of Merlins to which belong A Captain or Chief at 700 l. a Lieutenant-Aid and a Master-Falconer at 300 l. each two Prickers at 250 l. each more allowed for keeping and feeding eight Hawks 438 l. and to the Keeper of the Perch and of the Hawks that are not carried out 273 l. 15 d. and 36 l. for Shoes which amounts in all to 2547 l. 15 d. The Merlins are made use of to flie at the young Partridge whilst the light Hawks are mewing or casting their Feathers they are used likewise for the Quail the Black-bird the Sky-Lark and other small Birds as likewise to fly at the Pigeon Brow-strung The Flight with the Merlins is particular to the Kings Cabinet being in no other Royal Falconry but that of the Cabinet This Flight is performed from the Fist that is when they are minded to let flie at a young Partridge they attack her not till the Dogs have raised her and there is no difference in the way of flying this little Bird and the Falcon called a Blocker but only that one may carry a Merlin without Hood-winking upon the Fist whereas a Falcon must be always carried Hood-winked whether it be let flie one way or the other In flying at the Black-Bird and other small Birds they use Poles to beat them out of the Hedges and Cross-Bowes to have the pleasure of killing them when they cannot be got out of their holds or shelters where they are attacked Of all the several sorts of Birds that the Merlins are used to fly at none is more delightful gives more diversion or shows more the eagerness and courage of the Merlins than the Sky-Larks because they commonly endeavour to save themselves by soaring aloft and so draw the Couragious Merlins up to the very Clouds from whence they force them to descend and to endeavour to light in some Thicket or some other shelter which before they can reach the Merlins commonly take them The manner of flying them at the Pigeon Brow-strung is thus two strings are passed through the lower Eylids of the Pigeon and then tied so together above her Head so that her Eylids are drawn up that she cannot see downwards at all but only upward and then she is thrown with the hand as high into the Air as a Man can throw her where seeing no way but upward she is forc'd to soar upwards by spirts and when she is mounted reasonably high the Falconers send the Merlins who overtake her and never leave pursuing her till they have fastened on her and brought her down which sort of scuffle lasts very often a great while and gives the most pleasure The total summ of the expence of the four Flights belonging to the Cabinet amounts to 14500 l. besides what is allowed for the buying of the Hawks for the Crow and the Merlins the Hens and other charges Other Officers of the Great Falconry After the Great Falconer and the Captains or Chiefs of the different Flights of Hawks above-mentioned there are besides Twenty five Gentlemen of the Falconry of which the five first have 300 l. yearly Salary and the others but 90 l. A Secretary of the Falconry at 300 l. a Marshal of the Lodgings or Chief Harbinger 400 l. He commonly goes and receives Orders of his Majesty when he pleases to go a Hunting two other Harbingers at 300 l. each one Chyrurgion at 250 l. and one Apothecary at 300 l. All the Officers above-named enjoy the same Priviledges as those that are Commoners in his Majesties Houshold Article IV. Of the Great Wolf-Hunter The Great Wolf-Hunter has the super-intendance over the Wolf-Hunting He has 1200 l. standing Salary and 8500 l. by way of Pension Appointments and Wages as Counseller of State Under him there are two Lieutenants and one Deputy-Lieutenant of the Wolf-Hunting who have each 1000 l. Salary Other particular Lieutenants and under Officers in being divided into four Provinces are 1. A Lieutenant of the Wolf-Hunting in the Provostship of Paris 2. A Lieutenant within the extent of the Countries of Anjou and Maint 3. A Lieutenant for the Bayliwick of the Country of Auxerre all which have a Salary of 150 l. each 4. Besides which there is a fourth Lieutenant without Title who has 450 l. Salary Two Wolf-Hunters at 300 l. each two Servants of the Bloodhounds at 150 l. two Servants of the Fleet-hounds 120 l. one Head-Servant to keep and teach the young Blood-hounds 90 l. two other Servants to keep and feed the young Greyhounds and other young Dogs 90 l. each eight Keepers of the Great Greyhounds or Irish Greyhounds of which four belong to the Kings Chamber 260 l. Salary each and 1095 l. for keeping the said Dogs four Serjeants Wolf-Hunters at 80 l. each a Baker to make the Dogs Bread 60 l. and a Captain of the Carriage at 180 l. Salary and 1035 l. for maintaining his Carriage Besides these several Hunting Games there is another Hunting or rather Fishing Divertisement which is performed with Cormorants of which there is one that has the oversight in the Park at Fountain-bleau After the several Divertisement of Hunting we may place that of the Tennis-Court There is
thereunto belonging and deprive them of that mark of honour to the tenderness of their affection and the fidelity of their services for these causes notwithstanding the Edict of November 1640. We Declare that all our Domestick Servants and Commoners the four Companies of our Life-Guards the Archers or Guards of the Provostship of our Houshold the hundred Suissers of our Guard the Officers of our Stables Hunting Falconry and Wolf-Hunting those of the Queen Regent our most honoured Lady and Mother of the late Queen Mary our most honoured Lady and Grandmother of our Dearest Brother the Duke of Anjou of our Dearest Vncle the Duke of Orleans and of our Dearest Aunt the Dutchess of Orleans his Wife at present living and of his former Wife deceased of our Dearest Cousin her Daughter and of our Dearest Cousin the Prince of Condé of our Companies of Gensdarmes or Men at Arms and light Horsemen consisting of two hundred Men apiece the Company of our Guard of Musketeers on Horseback and that of the Guards of our said Lady and Mother named and comprised in the Establishments to be by us Signed and agreed to and Counter-signed by our Secretary of State and of our Commandments who has the department of our Houshold shall enjoy the Priviledges and Exemptions granted and given to them in all times and from all Antiquity because of their Services and the same we grant to their Widows as long as they shall continue so Provided nevertheless that if any of the aforesaid Officers shall make any Traffick with Merchandises and keep Inns or manure any more than one Farm of their own and that with their own hands or hold any Farms of others whether in their own Names or in those of their Domesticks or Servants they shall be liable to be taxed towards our Taxes in every of the Parishes where the Lands or Heritages by them so manured shall lie In another Declaration given at Poitiers in the Month of January 1652. His Majesty says We confirm by these Presents all the Priviledges Franchises Liberties Immunities Exemptions and Affranchisements granted to the Officers of the Royal Housholds entred upon the Establishments of the Court of Aids and to their Widows during their Widow-hood Willing that they be henceforward held quit and exempt from all manner of contributions whether it be Loans general or particular made or to be made as well by us as by any of the Cities of our Kingdom likewise for furnishing Provisions or Ammunition for the War for Fortifications Reparations Charges and Conducts Taxes Aids and Impositions c. and of all other Subsidies Dues charges and subventions in general whatever they be made or to be made in any sort and on any occasion whatsoever though it be not here particularly specified and declared They are exempt from the Duty called the Duty of Aids for the Wines of the product of their own grounds by a Decree of the Council of State of the 16th of December 1654. By a Decree of the Council of State of the 20th of January 1644. The King declares his intentions to be that no Officers shall enjoy Priviledges and Exemptions from Taxes but those that actually serve and that receive at least 60 l. for their Wages and Appointments and not a great number of honorary and titular Officers that have obtained Briefs of some Offices but serve not and have no Wages nor the Keepers of the Plains and of the Game which his Majesty pretends shall be taxed with the common Taxes excepting the Keepers of the Game of St. Germains Fountainbleau Blois Limours Montâ—â—â—hery and Boisgency There are a great many other Decrees and Orders that say almost the same thing the Decree of the Counsel of State of the 14th of March 1654. maintaining the Kings Officers those of the Queen Mother the Duke of Anjou and of the Duke and Dutchess of Orleans exempt from the greater and lesser Taxes Subsistance money c. and other publick charges There are other Decrees of the Great Council in Conformity to the Edicts and Declarations of the King of the 22th of February 1673. and the first of March 1675. importing an Exemption from Lodging or Billeting of Souldiers for the Officers of the Royal Housholds their Persons their Houses Farms Tenements Farmers Domesticks and Servants There are likewise several Decrees and Declarations in favour of the Queens Houshold in particular and of that of Monsieur and of some of their Officers as also for those of the late Duke of Orleans The Kings Declaration of the last of January 1647. which was Registred in the Court of Aids the 19th of March the same year imports a re-establishment of the Priviledges and Exemptions of the Widows and Veterans of the Officers of the Royal Housholds in the same manner as the Commoners of his Majesties own Houshold enjoy the same In a Declaration set forth by the King in the Month of July 1653. It is said that the said Officers possess fully and entirely their Officers so as that the Coheirs with them in other things cannot pretend any share therein either upon their Salaries or upon the value of their Offices if sold which being in the Kings sole Disposition cannot be reputed of the nature of those goods that are liable to be divided among the Heirs and Successours of Families As for what concerns the point of Precedence of the Kings Officers and of the rank they ought to have in publick Assemblies whether general or particular several Kings by their Declarations and Decrees have Order'd that they shall march and place themselves immediately after the Counsellers of the Bailiwicks Seneschals and presidial Courts before the Officers of the Elections of the Salt-Granaries Judges not Royal and all others that are inferiour in degree to the said Counsellers as it was Ordained by Henry the Fourth by a Declaration of the 22th of March 1605. in favour of the Valets or Yeomen of the Bed-Chamber and other Officers of the Chamber Cabinet and Anti-Chamber and by Lewis XIII First By a Declaration of the 27th of July 1613. in favour of the Marshals of the Lodgings the Harbingers of the Body and the Harbingers in Ordinary to his Majesty Secondly By another of the 20th of December verified in the Great Council in favour of the Life-Guards And thirdly By his Letters Patents of the 12th of February 1618. and by a Decree of the Great Council dated the 27th of May 1630. and by the present King by another Decree of the said Council of the 29th of May 1653. The Priviledges of the Court-Clergy The Clergy of the Kings Houshold and other Royal Housholds have the Priviledge to be always reputed resident at their Benefices during the time of their Service and are allowed two Months to go to and come from their Benefices and that by several Bulls of Popes Declarations of Kings Decrees of Parliament of the Great and Privy-Council c. And they are paid the full Revenues of their Canonries
of September 1474. established a Company of a hundred Lanciers for his Guard under the Command of one Hector de Golart who were every one of them to have in their Retinue one Man at Arms and two Archers But afterwards he discharged the Lanoiers of their Archers and took them to himself composing of them a little Life-guard of two hundred Archers making one Lewis de Graville their Captain In the year 1479. when the same King began to grow Melancholy and suspitious he set up another French Company of Guards of which one Claudius de la Chatre was Captain The same Lewis the Eleventh too at the Recommendation of Charles the Seventh retained the Suissers in his Service and in the year 1481. being at Tours he made an Alliance with them and took a Company of that Nation for the Ordinary Guard of his Person Charles the Eight in 1497. set up a new Company of French Guards of which James of Vendome Vidame of Chartres was Captain Francis the first likewise in the year 1514. raised another Company of sixty Archers to which the next year he added forty five more under the Command of Raoul de Vernon But at length all these Companies were reduced to those now in being whose Denominations differ as much from the others as the Arms now in use from those then in Mode The Kings Guards now in being may be divided into two Bodies according to their Posts viz. Into the Guards within the Louvre or Palace and the Guards without the Louvre The Guards within the Louvre are 1. The four Companies of the Life-guards both Scotch and French 2. The Company of the hundred Suissers who also are Guards in Ordinary of the Kings Body 3. The Guards of the Gate and 4. The Guards of the Provost of the Houshold The Guards without the Louvre are 1. The Company of Gensdarmes or Men at Arms. 2. The Company of Light Horsemen The Foot are 1. The two French and Suisse Regiments of Guards 2. The two Companies of Musketeers on Horse-back besides which 3. There is a Band of a hundred Gentlemen called the Gentlemen au bec de Corbin or of the Ravens Beak so called from the Cutle-Axes they carry which are like our Gentlemen Pensioners Of the Guards within the Louvre and first of the Life-Guards There are four Companies of Life-Guards that wait by turns every one their quarter The first of these is the Duke of Noailles who is likewise Captain of the Scotch Company which is the first and antientest Command in the Kingdom the second is the Marshal Duke of Duras the third the Marshal Duke of Luxemburg and the fourth the Marshal de Lorges The year in France beginning always from New-Years-Day the Duke of Noailles Commands the first quarter that begins then and the rest successively the other three quarters in the order they are above-named in Under them There are twelve Lieutenants waiting quarterly three every quarter besides two others whereof the first is a Major received as a Lieutenant who precedes all the other Lieutenants admitted since himself and twelve Ensigns serving in like manner three every quarter Note That the Ensign or Lieutenant of the Guards keep generally the old Table of the Great Master of the Houshold jointly with the Usher that day in Waiting and that the Officers above-named viz. The Major the three Lieutenants the three Ensigns and the two Aid Majors then in Waiting and four Exempts eat at the said Old Table of the Great Master or at that of the Masters of the Houshold But the Lieutenant or Ensign that waits at the Dauphins is allowed half a Pistol a Day for his Diet There is also Diet allowed at the Kings Serdeau's or Water-Servers Table for one Exempt more of the Life-Guards and for two Guards de la Manche or of the Sleeve and the Dauphins Serdeau's for the Exempt of the Guards that waits on him The Lieutenants and Ensigns are heads of Brigades in their Company There are two Aid-Majors and four other Aid-Majors Exempts of the Guards Forty eight Exempts being twelve to each Company as many Brigadeers and as many Sub-Brigadeers There are several reformed Exempts which yet enjoy the Priviledges of their Places during their Lives and receive the same pay but cannot sell their Places These Guards wear Bandiliers of the same Colour with the Banners of their Company For those of the Company 1. Of Noailles wear White Bandiliers 2. Of Duras Blue 3. Of Luxemburg Green 4. Of De Lorge Yellow There are four Comptrollers Clerks of the Watch and Secretaries of their Companies who have sometimes their Servants under them who call the Watch every Night Every one of the said Clerks receives at the Chamber of Deniers 160 l. standing Wages and 240 l. augmentation Money for Straw Straw-Beds and paying the Carriage and Passage of themselves and their necessary things There are twenty Trumpeters five to every Company whereof sixteen remain in the said Companies and the four others called the Trumpeters of the Kings Private-Pleasures always follow the Watch about his Majesty and never stir from him five Kettle-Drummers in Ordinary of which one always follows the Watch about his Majesty the four others being equally distributed one to each Company One Almoner in Ordinary to the four Companies One Chyrurgeon in Ordinary to the same Companies who has 400 l. Salary and Priviledge to keep open Shop and Four Treasurers or Pay-Masters viz. one to every Company The four Companies being thus described we shall proceed to shew next what Order they observe in doing duty To take away all suspition and to make it impossible for a Captain to have intelligence or any secret Combination with all the people he has with him they are so intermixed that the Captain that is in Waiting has the Lieutenants and Ensigns of another Captain and the Guards themselves are composed of a Medley of a certain number of Souldiers taken out of every Company to serve that quarter The Captains the Major the Lieutenants Ensigns Aid-Majors and Exempts of these Companies bear all a Staff of Command in their Hands in the Kings House and accompany his Majesty all the day long a Foot and a Horseback The Brigadeers have Partizans Note That those that were formerly Great Exempts had besides their Wages and Gratuity an allowance of fifty Crowns which they went and received at their quarters end at the Epargne or Spare-Treasure The King allows the Guards every day twenty four Quarts of Wine and twenty four Loaves which the Clerk of the Watch of every Company causes to be brought them which was formerly distributed to them by equal Portions Morning and Night viz. Twelve Quarts of Wine and twelve Loaves every Morning and as much every Night when the King was in Bed but now it is all dealt out to them in the Morning which Wine is called the Watch-Wine They have allowed them besides this on the four Great Feasts of the year to every
same Ceremony they observe when his Majesty comes from Mass or when he goes to or comes from Sermon Note That the Drummers of this Company beat full out for the King and only beat a Call for the Dauphin or Dauphiness When an Ambassadour goes to his Audience the hundred Suissers upon notice given them by the Introductour of Ambassadours place themselves in two Ranks on each side the French Guard-Chamber Door outwards and all along the Stairs going up and when the Ambassadour is coming the Drummer gives two or three little strokes upon his Drum to give them notice to betake themselves to their Arms. Upon Days of great Solemnity such as Coronation-Days c. they display their Colours Every time the King goes out in a Coach or on Horseback or when he comes back into the Court of his Palace where he there Lodges these Suissers with an Officer at the head of them place themselves in ranks about his Majesties Coach or Horse and keep off the people if need be When a Te Deum is order'd to be sung at Nostre Dame Church at Paris though the King goes not thither yet he customarily directs a private Letter to the Captain or Chief Officer to send thither so many of this Company as are necessary for that occasion as he does likewise on the same occasions to the Captain of the French Life-Guards At the Feasts the King makes at the Creation of the Knights of his Orders upon the second day of that Solemnity the hundred Suissers serve up the Meat to the Table and have what comes off again for their pains Those of them that are upon the Watch have their Watch-Bread and Watch-Wine every Morning and Evening Candle Wax and a Watch-Torch every day and extraordinary allowances of Meat on the four great Festivals of the Year Wax-Candles on Candlemas Day some Linnen-Cloth on Maundy-Thursday Prayer-Books in the Holy Week and Torches with the Kings Arms on them on Corpus Christi Day This Company of the hundred Suissers is one of the most ancient Companies of the ordinary Guards of the Kings Body and first Company composed of them since their alliance with his Majesty they having been established in France ever since the year 1481. when Lewis XI Entertain'd them into his Service being very useful both for their known Fidelity to their Trust and the Manly properness of their persons both for the security of a King and for the setting forth his Grandeur This Company being a Corporation apart of it self has its peculiar Court of Justice within it self kept by their own Officers from whom their last Appeal is to the Colonels and Captains of the Regiments of Guards of their own Nation They enjoy the same Priviledges as do the French the Kings born Subjects they may purchase inherit and dispose of their Goods or Estates by Sale Deeds or Gifts while living or Wills at their Deaths and their Wives Children or next Kindred may Inherit what they leave Both themselves and their Widows and Children are free from all Taxes Subsidies and Impositions laid or to be laid on the subject under what name soever and under what pretence soever though the King himself should have expresly order'd them himself his Majesty being unwilling to make use of his Power and Prerogative against them because of their great Services and singular Fidelity They are also free from Watching and Warding and keeping of Gates as the Kings of France have always been pleased to let them be ever since their first Alliance with them which have still been confirmed by all succeeding Treaties When any of the Officers of this Company dies he is buried with the Ceremonies and Solemnities used to Military Persons his Sword and Commanders Staff are placed something Cross-wise on the top of the Biere which is carried in the midst of the Company who all Accompany the Body the Drums and Flute making a mournful sound as is usual at Funerals when any of the common Souldiers of them die they are buried much after the same manner only with proportionably less Ceremonies according to their Quality The Swords of the deceased belong to the Harbinger then in Waiting Besides the above-mentioned Priviledges enjoyed by this Company there are two other very particular and remarkable ones the first is the right of being lodged gratis all the year at Paris and the second the priviledge of selling Wine That Part or Quarter of Paris that comprehends the Streets of Montorgueil of Montmarire and other Neighbouring Streets is allotted for Lodging this Company though the King be not at Paris And the Owner or chief Tenants of the Houses in those Streets if their Houses be small are bound to find a Chamber ready furnished at most but two stories high for a common Suisse and to furnish all necessary Utensils and those who have bigger Houses are to find an Officer two Chambers ready furnished with a Stable and Coach-House if need be and with all necessary Utensils as Linnen Dishes Pots and Pans c. But generally the King having not for a long time resided at Paris not being like to do the Owners or chief Tenants of the said Houses agree with the said Suissers and Officers for a certain yearly payment in Money in consideration of which their Houses are free from this subjection and the Suissers upon occasion like Lodgings where else they please The Kings of France have granted to this Company thirteen Priviledges or an Exemption to be enjoyed by thirteen Persons of their Body from the Duties usually paid by Vintners and Wine-Merchants These thirteen Priviledges are enjoyed by twelve Suissers among whom are some Officers and the Clerk of the Watch They are by vertue of the same exempt from paying the Duty called the Eighth and generally from all other duties upon Wine except the duty of the Entry or Importation of those Wines they sell by retail The Jurours of the Wine-Sellers pretend that the number of Buts or Pieces of Wine which these Priviledged Suissers are to sell is limited to 150 and they on the other side say they are not limited to any definite number which is a Controversy as yet undecided the King abates 1400 l. a year to the Farmers of the Aids for every one of these thirteen Priviledges and yet they let them out but for 1000 l. or thereabout to those that hire them of them Formerly those of this Company that sold Wine paid no more for selling Wine with Napkins and Plates that is for selling Wine and Victuals too than for selling of it only by the Pot so that they paid 27 d. on every Piece of Wine less than the Vintners but in the year 1658. the Company sold this Priviledge which was called the little Priviledge to the Farmers of the Aids for a certain Annuity to be paid to their Captain which is distributed among them at the rate of 4 d. a day each Man so that ever since that time the hundred Suissers that
before had but 14 d. a day have now 18 d. a day Of the Guards of the Gate Of these Guards there is a Captain who has a Salary of 3000 l. paid by the Treasurers of the Houshold and 4000 l. Board-Wages at the Chamber of Deniers He is sworn by the King himself and receives from him the Staff of Command Under him are Four Lieutenants quarterly Waiters who enjoy their Places by Patent from the King but are sworn by the Great Master of the Houshold and have each of them 500 l. Salary and 50 l. Gratuity and during the time of their Waiting eat at the Masters of the Housholds Table Fifty Guards of the Gate that serve by Quarters viz. Thirteen of them each of the two first Quarters and but twelve of each of the two last Quarters of the year They enjoy their Places too by Patent and are sworn by their Captain They are reckoned among the first and most ancient Guards of the Houshold which is the reason that this Company is yet to this day entred upon the Book of the General Establishment of the Houshold and accordingly receive their pay from the Treasurers of the Houshold and not from peculiar Treasurers of their own as do the other Companies of Guards Every day at six in the Morning the Guards of the Gate receive from the hands of the Life-Guard Men the Keys of the Gates of that Court where the Kings Lodgings or Apartments are within which they place Sentinels and at six at Night they return the said Keys again to the Life-Guards By the Court where the Kings Lodgings are I mean the principal Court of the Palace where he is as the Oval Court at Fountain-bleau He that stands Sentinel at the Gate holds a Carbine on his shoulder as do all the rest of this Company that are on the Guard who likewise stand to their Arms and place themselves in Ranks making a Lane near the Gate when his Majesty any other Royal Persons or any Ambassadours in going to or coming from their first and last Audiences are to pass by They also stand to their Arms in the same manner about the Gate within the Court of the Louvre or other Royal Palace where the King is exercising the Company of Gentlemen Musketeers during the whole time of the said Exercise in that Court The Guards of the Gate are to let none pass into the Palace with Arms but the Life-Guards only but are to stop all that offer to go in with Blunderbusses Firelocks Pikes Powder or any other Arms but Swords They all wear blue Coats laced with large gold and silver Galoon and trimmed with Buttons of Massy Silver Formerly they used to wear Jackets or Hoquetons like those worn at present by the Great Provosts Guards save only that upon the four great Skirts of them they had two Keys Embroidered Salter-wise and Swivels which are both of Buff. Their Belts at present are edged about with gold and silver Galoon and in the middle of their Swivels there is before and behind a golden Flower deluce and an L of the same for Lewis being the Kings Name and above them two Keys placed Salteir-wise and tied with a red Ribband all which is wrought in Embroidery enterlaced with Palms and Lawrels and Crowned with a Crown Royal. The Guards of the Gate in the time of their Waiting never take off their Swivels wherever he goes unless it be when he goes into the Kings Anti-Chamber or into the other Chambers Closets and Apartments of his Majesty At the end of their Quarters Waiting they receive 200 l. Wages from the General Treasurer of the Houshold and 40 l. Gratuity at the Treasure Royal. At Easter Whitsontide All-Saints Christmas Martlemas and on Shrove-Tuesday they have Portions of Bread Wine and Meat from the King which gives them the priviledge of Tablers or Commoners of the Kings Houshold they that are in Waiting at the like times on the Queen or the Dauphin have the same allowance from them At new-New-Years Tide the King gives them that are in Waiting that quarter 50 l. 5 d the Queen 32 l and the Parliament of Paris as much for which they give an Acquittance The other Sovereign Courts likewise and the Guildhall of Paris pay them some certain summs for they give also Acquittances Upon St. Lewis's Day which is his Majesties peculiar Festival the Kings allow them 40 l. out of the Privy-Purse of the Chamber Besides which they have a Fee of ten Crowns from the Treasurer of the Offrings every time the King touches for the Evil But however on the four great Festivals of the year they are paid the said allowance on that account whether the King touches or no. Those that are in Waiting share amongst them the Gifts and Liberalities made to them by the New Dukes and Peers and Marshals of France and other Officers of the Crown at their first Entry into the Kings Palace in their Coaches or Sedans by vertue of their new Dignity They have likewise Wax-Candles at Candlemas Torches on Corpus Christi Day and Prayer-Books in the Holy Week given them They are Exempt from Taxes and from the Imposition on Salt in those Provinces where it is established and from all Subsidies and Billeting of Souldiers They have the Priviledge of Committimus and take out Letters of State when they have need of them By an Order of the Privy-Council dated the 19th of November 1668. the King has confirmed the quality of Esquires to the Guards of the Gate and by a Declaration of the 17th of June 1659. and Letters Patents of the 3d of May 1675. registred in the Great Councel on the 27th of July following The King was pleased to Order that the Guards of the Gate should have the precedence in all honours done in the Church and in all other places and Assemblies before all the Officers of the Elections of the Granaries of Salt and Judges not Royal and in general before all others inferiour in degree to the Counsellers of Bayliwicks Seneschalsies and Presidial Seats or Courts of Judicature Now it being the Duty of the Guards of the Gate in the Day time and of the Life-Guard Men from six a Clock at Night to distinguish those to whom the King is pleased to permit the Honour of going into the Louvre or other of the Kings Palaces in their Coaches or Sedans and to keep all others from entring in that manner It will not be amiss to subjoin in this place The Order and Rank of Precedence observed in admitting and placing of those to whom the King permits the honour of entring into his Royal Palace in their Coaches or Sedans No Body is to enter into the Kings Palace in a Coach in the Morning before their Majesties be awake and at Night as soon as the King is in Bed all the Coaches within the Palace are to go out and Monsieurs is set up under the Gate or Porch of the Palace Next to the first Coaches
their Companies and as soon as his Majesty comes the Suisse-Captains put on their Back and Breast-Pieces Note That the Captain either of the French or Suisse Foot-Guards whose turn it is to be upon duty or in his absence one of his Officers it is to take care the Watch-word be received and communicated in convenient time and for that end he is if he be a French Captain to go to the Colonel General of the French Foot-Guards if a Suisser to the Colonel-General of the Suissers to know of him whether he be pleased to go and wait on the King for the Word himself if he Answers Yes he is to wait till he comes back and take it of him if no he is to go and take it of his Majesty Himself and at his return to Communicate it first to the Colonel-General and then to the rest of the Officers concerned to know it When any Souldier of either of these Regiments of Foot-Guards not being upon duty desires to enter into the Kings Palace he is to to leave his Bandiliers or Swivel with the Sentinel at the Gate 4. Of the Musketeers on Horseback of the Kings Guard There are two Companies of Musketeers on Horse-back viz. The first Company called formerly the Great Musketeers which are 250 in number and a second Company formerly belonging to Cardinal Mazarine whose number is not fixed Of the first Company of Musketeers This Company is divided into four Brigades The Officers are a Captain who is the King a Lieutenant-Captain a Deputy-Lieutenant whose pay is 200 l. a Month an Ensign and a Cornet whose Monthly pay is 150 l. to each six Marshals of the Lodgings or chief Quarter-Masters the three first of which have every of them besides the Monthly pay of 75 l. 400 Crowns yearly Pension and the other three only their bare pay One Commissary of the Conduct or Muster-Master four Brigadeers who besides their ordinary pay which to every Man is 20 Crowns a Month or 40 d. a day have every of them a yearly Pension of 500 l. Sixteen Sub-Brigadeers who have the like pay as the former and 300 l. yearly Pension a Major and an Aid-Major two Standard-Bearers who have the same pay and Pension as the Sub-Brigadeers Besides which there are three other Harbingers or Quarter-Masters six Drummers four Hoboys one Almouer or Chaplain one Chyrurgeon one Apothecary one Farrier one Sadler and one Armorer whose pay is but fifteen Crowns a Month or 30 d. a day The pay of the 250 Musketeers is to every Man twenty Crowns a Month or 40 d. a day There are three Treasurers that belong to both the Companies and under them one Pay-Master peculiar to this Company The Musketeers of the first Company have their Hats edged with gold Galoon and those of the second with gold and silver Of the second Company of Musketeers The Officers of this are A Captain who is the King with the like number of other Officers as the first with the like pay bating only the three Fouriers or Under-Quarter-Masters the Sadler and the Armorer which I find not in the List of the Officers of this Company They have likewise a Pay-Master of their own but the Treasurers are the same with those of the former Their present number is above 250. who have the same pay as those of the first Company The Musketeers of the first Company are mounted all on white Horses and those of the second on black ones When the Musketeers do duty or stand Sentinel in any of the passages about the Kings Palace they are allowed their diet in specie that is to say Bread Wine and Portions of Meat Every Night the Lieutenant-Captain the Deputy-Lieutenant or other Commander in chief of the Musketeers for the time being waits on the King to know of his Majesty whether he intends to go abroad the next day that he may give timely notice of it to the other Officers and to the rest of the Company 5. Of the Band of the Hundred Gentlemen Au Bes de Corbin or Gentlemen Pensioners These Gentlemen who are reckoned likewise among the Gentlemen in Ordinary of the Kings Houshold and are commonly called Becs de Corbin or Ravens Beaks from the Falcions so called they carry in their hands were the first of all others instituted and established for the more secure and honourable guard of the Kings Person and because at first and for a long time their number was but 100 though now for several Reigns together they have been augmented to and continued at 200. compleat yet they still return the old name of the hundred Gentlemen Upon days of Ceremony and Solemnity they march two and two before the King with their Swords by their sides and their Falcions called Becs de Corbin or Ravens Beaks in their hands They attended and served in this manner at the Coronation and Wedding of the present King and since at the Ceremony of the Creation and Instalment of Knights in 1661. on which occasion six of them marched two and two before his Majesty and went into the Quire of the Augustins the rest of them marcht on each side of the Knights In any Battel they are always to keep near the Kings Person they are divided into two Companies the old one and the new one who have each of them their Captain Lieutenant and other inferiour Officers CHAP. XXIX Of the other Royal Housholds AFter the Kings Houshold follow the other Royal Housholds which are regulated ad instar or according to the Model of the King 's Both the Queen Mother and the late Queen being dead we shall say nothing of their Housholds save only that their surviving Domesticks and menial Servants as we have already remarked still do and will enjoy their old Priviledges as long as they live Note That the Queen Mother Anne-Marie-Mauritte of Austria of happy Memory died at the Louvre the 20th of January 1666. at the Age of 64 years and the late Queen Marie-Teresa of Austria Daughter to Philip the Fourth of Spain of happy Memory died at Versailles the 30th of July 1683. at the Age of 45 years CHAP. XXX Of the Dauphins Houshold To which belong 1. FIrst or chief Gentleman of his Bed-Chamber and Master of his Wardrobe formerly his Governour who is the Duke of Montausier whose Salary is 4000 l. a Month i. e. 48000 l. per Annum A Sub-Governour sworn by the Governour whose Salary is 7500 l. A Tutour sworn by the King who is the Famous Bishop of Meaux formerly Bishop of Condom his Salary is 12000 l. A Sub-Tutour at 6000 l. Two Gentlemen of the Sleeve who are sworn by the Governour who have each of them a Salary of 6000 l. One Secretary One chief Valet de Chambre or Waiting Man one chief Physician that attends all the year who is Monsieur Petit Doctor Regent of the Faculty of Paris sworn by the Kings Chief Physician In his Patent he is stiled Councellour of State he has for
which are allowed 365 l. apiece Wages and their Diet and 120 l. towards Cloaths and other little things under the Chief Querry or Master of the Horse there are One Querry in Ordinary at 600 l. and four Querries quarterly Waiters at 400 l. yearly Salary one Querry Cavalcadour or Rider who Commands in the Stable in the absence of the Chief Master of the Horse and that tenders his hand to the Dauphiness in the absence of the Querry in Ordinary and of the other Querries quarterly Waiters He has 400 l. standing Wages 800 l. Board-Wages 200 l. for a Servant and 600 l. in lieu of Fees at the admission of Pages and is allowed a Horse out of her Highnesses Stables every time he has a mind to ride out One Cash-Keeper or Pay-Master of the Stable who has 90 l. standing Wages and 800 l. Board-Wages Four Manteau-Carriers waiting quarterly who have each 150 l. yearly Wages 91 l. 5 d. for their Diet during their Quarters waiting and 60 l. gratuity and while they are in waiting they have Horses allowed them out of the Stable Four Harbingers quarterly Waiters who have 150 l. standing Wages and 20 d. a day or 91 l. 5 d. during their quarters waiting for their Diet and 60 l. gratuity and in their Waiting time they are allowed Horses out of the Stable when her Highness goes abroad into the Country One Head Groom in Ordinary who has 600 l. for his Wages and Diet and 84 l. more in lesser Fees Four other Head-Grooms who have each 365 l. for Wages and Diet a Livery-Coat once in two years and 86 l. more in other little Fees and Allowances Under them there are several other helping Grooms Four Farriers at 90 l. each they serve quarterly and during their quarters service are allowed besides 450 l. for Shoing and Physicking the Horses and 16 d. a day for a Journey-Man or Servant and both they and their Servants wear her Highnesses Livery and are allowed Horses out of her Stable when her Highness Travels One Keeper of the Moveables and of the Keys of the Wardrobe of the Stables who has 240 l. standing Wages and 365 l. Board-Wages and is lodged at the Stables and is allowed a Horse when her Highness Travels Other Officers belonging to the Stables are Two Chyrurgeons serving by the half year at 200 l. One Upholster who is to furnish 71 Beds at 3 d. a Bed who holds his place only as long as no Body shall offer to do it cheaper Four Taylors by Commission who are paid at a certain rate for all the Cloaths they make for the menial Servants of the Stable and six other Tradesmen who are allowed only 110 l. apiece bare Wages without any further allowance for their work Of her Highnesses Coaches Chairs or Sedans and Litters and the necessary Servants belonging to them The Dauphiness had from the beginning two Coaches called the Coaches of the Body and since the Queens Death the King has added a third To the first belong two Coachmen and one Postilion and to the two others one Coachman and one Postilion to each The two Coachmen belonging to the first serve quarterly every other quarterly Both the Coachmen and Postilions of her Highnesses Body and those of her other Coaches have all the same standing Wages Profits and Appointments that is to say the Coachmen have 365 l. each standing Wages a Suit of Cloaths every year and a great Coat or Cloak every two years and 125 l. in other little Fees and Profits and the Postilions the same standing Wages the same allowance of Cloaths and 82 l. besides in other little Fees and Appointments Her Highness has one Chair or Sedan to which belong four Chair or Sedan-Men who have every of them 365 l. standing Wages a Suit of Cloaths every year and a Coat or Cloak every two years 50 l. in other little Fees and 60 l. gratuity by an Order for that purpose Two Litters of the Body and another to each of which belong two Muleteers who have the same Wages and Appointments the one as the other viz. 365 l. standing Wages a Suit of Cloaths every year and a great Coat or Cloak every two years and 66 l. in other small Fees and Appointments Her Highness has besides one Coach called the Querries Coach one called the waiting Gentle womens Coach one called the Maids of Honours Coach one called the Maids of Honours Womens Coach and three other Coaches who have each of them a Coachman and Postilion with the same Wages and Appointments as abovesaid To the Waiting Gentle-Women belong four Foot-men who have every of them 72 l. standing Wages a Doublet and Trunk-Breeches every year and a Coat or Cloak every two years and 50 l. in other little Fees and Allowances To the Maids of Honour belong likewise two Footmen who have the same Wages and other profits as her Highnesses own Footmen Of her Highnesses Pages and Footmen There is one Governour of the Pages who has 200 l. standing Wages 200 l. Gratuity and 600 l. in lieu of the ancient Fees allowed at the admission of new Pages now taken away besides which he has a Table all the year long a Servant and a Horse maintain'd and his Firing and Candle The Pages are twelve in number who have all their Diet Firing Washing Lodging and Horses at the Stable where they are also waited on and instructed in all gentile and noble accomplishments and have every of them besides 260 l. standing Wages besides their Livery-Suits every year and Cloaks every two years Note That the Queens and Dauphinesses Pages have hanging Sleeves behind their Doublets as have the Pages of the Kings Bed-Chamber There is one Tutour of the Pages who has 320 l. standing Wages and his Lodging Diet and washing with them he is allowed two Billets or Logs and two Fagots during the six Winter-Months and two Faggots only during the six other Months and every day a quarter of a pound of Candles He has for his Fees what the Pages leave off and 20 l. out of what is allowed for every of their Shoes and Stockings One Almoner or Chaplain of the Pages who has his Diet there and his Fire and Candle all the year and a Servant and a Horse maintain'd for his Service One Professour of the Mathematicks 300 l. One Fencing-Master 180 l. One Vaulting-Master one Writing-Master and one Dancing-Master at 180 l. each There are two Servants of the Pages they have a Suit and Cloak out of those the Pages leave off and what the Pages please to give them at their Admission and the profit of the Flambeaux One Landrer of the Pages who holds his place by Commission One Master of the Houshold or Marshal of the Table of the Pages Sixteen Footmen serving quarterly eight every other quarter who have every of them 365 l. standing Wages one Doublet and one pair of Trunk-Breeches every year in Summer one Cloak every two years and 130 l. in other
who have 60 l. Salary apiece viz. One Shomaker in Ordinary one Shomaker of the Wardrobe one Jeweller one Shomaker of the Stable one Joyner one Linnen-Draper one Needle-Maker one Herb-man and Orange-Merchant one Grocer one Pin-Maker and one Baker There are four Marshals of the Lodgings or Chief Harbingers at 150 l. each In the Stable are One Chief Querry or Master of the Horse who has in all for his Appointments and Board-Wages 5445 l. Two Querries in Ordinary 2000 l. each Four Querries quarterly Waiters 500 l. each Six Pages Two Querries Cavalcadours or Riders 546 l. each One Comptroller-General of the Stable 1200 l. One Secretary of her R. Highnesses Commandments 4200 l. One Intendant or Surveyour of the House and Revenues Six other Secretaries 300 l. each Two Sollicitours of Affairs 500 l. One Treasurer of the Houshold whose Salary is 3000 l. Other Officers of the Stable Ten Great Footmen who have every of them 20 d. a day that is 366 l. a year besides their Summer and Winter Cloaths One Footman belonging to the Maids of Honour who is allowed 20 d. a day or 366 l. a year Two Manto-Carriers at 292 l. each Two Coaches the first called the Coach of the Body and a second Coach who have each of them one Coachman and one Postilion the Coachman of the first Coach has 200 l. Salary and he of the second 150 l. and the Postilions have each of them 100 l. Besides which there is a Coach for the Maids of Honour and another for the Waiting-Gentlewomen to each of which belong one Coachman and one Postilion who have every of them 100 l. Salary One Head-Groom in Ordinary 100 l. Two Chair-men 365 l. each Two Farriers 100 l. each One Keeper of the Moveables of the Stable 100 l. Two Taylors one Flock-Bed-Maker one Wheel-wright at 60 l. each One Chirurgeon 220 l. One Barber to trim the Pages 100 l. One Dancing-Master and one Fencing-Master at 200 l. each One Governour of the Pages 300 l. One Almoner in Ordinary and Tutor of the Pages 200 l. One Servant of the Pages 100 l. And lastly One Pay-Master or Cash-Keeper of the Stable whose Salary is 100 l. We have already spoken of the Duke of Chartres THE Present State OF FRANCE PART II. Of the Nobility of France CHAP. I. Of the Nobility in General IN France as in most other Countries not only those which are Princes Peers and Great Lords but all Gentlemen of ancient Descent and that are enobled by the King are reckoned into the Body of the Nobility and there the King often gives Letters of Nobility as they are called whereby he constitutes the person receiving them Noble or makes him a Gentleman without Conferring upon him any particular Title of Honour contrary to the practice used in England It is to be noted too that there neither Arts nor Sciences ennoble neither Lawyers nor Physicians nor Divines being accounted noble or Gentlemen unless they be otherwise so or enjoy some Place or Dignity that gives them the Title of Lord which is only temporary and personal The Chief Priviledges of Nobles or Gentlemen are to be Exempt from Taxes and to enjoy some other immunities and be capable of enjoying Dignities and rising to Honour If they take Church Dignities or addict themselves to the Law they derogate not from their Nobility though they increase it not but if they follow any Trade or Commerce or marry with any Family not Noble they derogate and lose their quality and till of late those that medled with Sea-Affairs were reckoned to derogate likewise but that being found prejudicial to the Improvement of the Power of France by Sea It was Order'd by the present King having concerns in publick Companies such as the East-India Company that studying or practising Sea-Experience should not only not derogate but be encouraged with Priviledges and accordingly appointed publick Schools and Nurseries in several Marine Places with good Endowments wherein a considerable number of the younger Sons of the meaner Nobility might be instructed in Navigation and Maritime Affairs and trained up to make useful Sea-Officers So that now the younger Sons or Cadets of the Gentry are either provided for in the Church with Ecclesiastical Dignities or raise themselves by Military employs by Sea or Land not so many as formerly affecting the civil ones because they are such as are often enjoyed by the Sons of rich Citizens or Farmers of Taxes whom they a little disdain for Companions The Nobility or Gentry in France is the most numerous of any Kingdom of the World they being reckoned above ten thousand able Bodies and generally well educated in all accomplishments that may make them serviceable to their Country and in them consists the Kings chief Force and he is in some respects as absolute over them as over the Peasants for though they pay no Taxes and cannot be legally compelled to take Arms unless upon an Invasion or imminent danger yet it is by Custom thought so disgraceful for any Principals or Heads of greater Families not to attend the King and spend what they have in his Court or Service or for Cadets or younger Brothers not provided for in the Church to follow any thing but the Wars by which only in a manner all Nobility was ever acquired there that the King can never want Souldiers among them It being almost impracticable for a Gentleman any thing considerable to live privately or retired there unless he thrust himself into a Convent CHAP. II. Of Dukes and Peers OF Dukes and of Peers severally and of such as are both Dukes and Peers there are six or seven sorts 1. The Antient Dukes and Peers 2. The Dukes and Peers verified in the Parliament of Paris as both Dukes and Peers 3. Such as are verified in the said Parliament only as Dukes 4. The Dukes or the Dukes and Peers that are verified as such in other Parliaments than that of Paris which is the only true Court of Peers 5. Those who are Dukes and Peers only by Patent under the Great Seal not verified or past yet in any Parliament 6. The Dukes and Peers by Brief as the House of Clermont-Tonnerre Besides which there are some Dukes of Foreign Creations as in the County of Avignon under the Pope and several other Persons who though they be no Princes nor Princesses yet are suffred by his Majesty to enjoy the Honours of the Louvre as to enter into the Louvre in their Coaches and their Ladies have the priviledge of the Low-stool or Tabouret before the Queen without having any Dutchy or Patent for any CHAP. III. Of the antient Peers of France THE Antient Peers were formerly twelve viz. Six Ecclesiastical Peers and six Secular ones The six Ecclesiastical ones are still in being and are these viz. 1. The Archbishop and Duke of Reims and first Peer of France who is at present Charles-Maurice le Teliier Brother to the Marquess of Louvois first Minister of State
Montausier we have already spoken La Valiere otherwise called Vaujours is a Dutchy and Peerage Erected in 1667. in favour of Madamoiselle de la Valiere and verified in Parliament the same It now belongs to her Daughter the Princess of Conti. Of Rouanez and Chevreuse we have likewise spoken apart CHAP. VIII Of the Ancient Counties and Baronies Erected formerly into Peerages most of which since reunited to the Crown POitou a County and Peerage Erected by Lewis Hutin in 1315. The County of Beaumont le Roger made a Peerage by Philip de Valois in 1338. Given to the House of Boüillon The County of Mortaigne made a Peerage in 1331. by Philip de Valois The County and Peerage of Clermont by the same in the same year The County and Peerage of Macon in 1359. by Charles Dolphin and Regen while his Father was absent in England The County and Peerage of Maine in 1360. by King John The County and Peerage of Soissons by Charles the Sixth in 1404. enjoyed by a Prince of the House of Savoy The County and Peerage of Saintonge or Xaintonge in 1428. by Charles the Seventh The County and Peerage of Auxerre by Charles the Seventh in 1435 and verified in 1436. The County and Peerage of Foix by Charles the Seventh in 1458. The County and Peerage of Eu by the same in 1458. It belongs to Madamoiselle of Orleans of Monpensier The County and Peerage De Foret held by the Dukes of Bourbonnois The County of Perche Erected into a Peerage by Charles the Ninth in 1566. The County and Peerage of Dreux Erected by the same in 1569. The County and Peerage of Evreux given to the House of Boüillon in 1652. Baronies and Peerages reunited to the Crown Chateauneuf in Timerais held so by Charles of Valois and Charles his Son in 1314. Mante and Meulan Erected by Philip de Valois Coucy Perone Montdidier Roye and Ham by Charles the Sixth in 1404. Mortaigne near Tournay by Charles the Sixth in 1407. Beaujolois held in Peerage by Peter Duke of Bourbonois La Fêre in Tartenois Erected by Lewis the Twelfth in 1507. Colomiers is an ancient Peerage and a principal Member of the Dutchy of Nemours It was lately revived again in favour of the late Duke of Longueville but now Extinct CHAP. IX Of the Orders of Knighthood in France THE Orders of Knighthood were always used as honourable recompenses and marks of the Kings favour to such as had signalized their service to their Prince and the State Kings likewise have been used to confer them on such as have the honour to be of Kin or allied to them or considerable persons in the State It being needless to speak here of all the Orders of Knighthood that have been instituted in France it will be sufficient to tell you that there was formerly the Order of the Star Instituted in memory of the Star that Conducted the three Kings or wise Men of the East to Bethlehem by Robert the Devout King of France in the year 1022. which is attributed to by some to Hugh Capet but more commonly to King John because after a long disuse he reestablished it in the year 1351. The Knights of this Order were the Figure of a Star wrought in gold with five rays upon their left Breasts The Great Collar of the Order was made like a Chain of gold wreathed with three Links fastned or knotted together with Roses of the same Enamel'd with white and red and in the time of King John the Knights wore at the end of the said Collar or upon their Cloaks a golden Star with this Inscription or Motto Monstrant Regibus stra viam This Order growing common as some say even in the time of King John the Restorer of it and others in the time of Charles the Seventh and thereupon observed by Lewis the XI to be grown into contempt with the people the said King tototally supprest it by taking the Collar of the Order in presence of several of the Knights of it and putting it with a Black Ribband about the Neck of his Captain of the Watch which is even to this day a badge of that Office from whence he is stiled le Chevalier du Guet or Knight of the Watch upon which nobler persons disdaining to own it any longer the Order ceased CHAP. X. Of the Orders of Knighthood at present subsisting called the Kings Orders AT present there are only two Orders of Knighthood subsisting viz. of St. Michael and of the Holy Ghost which are usually called the Kings Orders The Order of St. Michael was Instituted the first day of August in the year 1469. by King Lewis the XI in honour of St. Michael the Archangel He Ordained that this Order should consist of thirty six Knights which should be obliged in accepting it to quit all other Orders they might have received from Foreign Princes unless they were Emperours Kings or other Sovereign Princes who only were priviledged to wear it together with the other Orders of which themselves were Chiefs or Soveraigns with a Proviso nevertheless that the Brotherhood by common consent might modifie this regulation according to their pleasure And in like manner he provided that the Kings of France should be free to wear the Orders of other Princes with this Order The Knights of this Order wear a golden Collar wrought all in the form of double Sea-Shells interlaced one with another in true Lovers Knots composed of double points of silk tag'd with gold at the end of which hangs a Medal on which is Engraven a Rock upon which is figured St. Michael Fighting with the Dragon But Francis the First changed these Laces called true Lovers Knots into Cords of gold of the fashion of those worn by the Cordelier Fryers because he bore the name of the Founder of that Order All the Knights of the Holy Ghost are obliged by way of preparation to take this Order the Eve before they are to take that of the Holy Ghost for which reason their Arms are Encompassed with the Collars of both the Orders and they are called Knights of the Kings Orders in the plural number Of the whole number of those that had formerly received the Order of St. Michael the King selected and retained a hundred on the 12th of January 1665. of which a List was Printed since which his Majesty has reformed several of them as you may see in the following List The Order of the Holy Ghost was Instituted at Paris on new-New-Years Day in the year 1579. by Henry the Third King of France and Poland as an Eternal-Mark of his Piety and thankful acknowledgment he desired to render to Almighty God for the repeated and signal Favours he had received from him on the day of Pentecost or of his sending the Holy Ghost for that on that day he was Born was Elected King of Poland and succeeded to the Crown of France by the Death of Charles the Ninth He likewise stinted the number of these
Knights to thirty six but their number has now been a long time unlimited the late King Lewis the Thirteenth in the year 1633. at Fountainbleau gave the Order to fifty of his Lords and at the last Promotion that was made in 1662. there were Installed threescore and ten The Knights of this Order wear at present a silver Cross set on Orange-Coloured Velvet upon the left side of their Cloaks and Suits in the midst of which is a Dove Embroidered in silver with rays of Silver and at the Corners Flowerdeluces also of Silver with another Cross all of gold hung about their Necks with a Sky-Coloured Ribband which Cross is Enameld with white on the sides having at the Corners Flowerdeluces and in the middle the Figure of a Dove on both sides The Great Collar of this Order is composed of Flowerdeluces of gold Crowned with golden Flames Enameld with red enterlaced with three Cyphers likewise of gold Enamel'd with white The first Cypher is an H and a double A all double which may be read upward or downward the H standing for Henry the Third the Letter L for Lewise of Lorrain his Wife and another for something which is as yet a mystery The Cross of the Order is of Gold in the midst of which there is a Dove Enameld with white on one side and on the other side the Image of St. Michael On the last of June in the year 1594. Henry the Great took out of the Collar of the Order the Cyphers of Henry the Third his Predecessour and caused to be put in their place Trophies of Arms interlaced together and intermingled with Crowned H's Some assert that this Order was first Instituted by King Lewis of Scicily and that Henry the Third did but renew it The Knights upon the day of their reception or Instalment are clad in Cloth of Silver with Breeches tuckt up white Silk Stockings and Pumps of white Velvet their Bonnets of Black-Velvet and their Cloaks made with a Cape after the ancient Fashion of Black-Velvet uncut and their Ruffs stiff-starched When they are received their Capes are taken off and a long Green-Velvet Cloak is put on their Shoulders trailing on the ground wrought all over with Trophies of gold for the Knights and Flames for the Officers and lined with Orange-Coloured Satin They kneel down before the King who taking their joined hands between his own strikes them gently over the Shoulders with his Sword and Kisses them on the Cheek When the King Confers this Order in any Church he goes and sits down near the Altar in the middle of the Officers of the Order then the Great Master of the Ceremonies of the Order Accompanied with the Usher and the Herald goes and gives notice to the Lords which are to receive the Order who presently advance towards his Majesty one after the other or else by two and two and kneeling down take the usual Oath holding their two hands between his Majesties in the manner aforesaid and touching the Book of the Holy Gospels which is held by the Chancellour After which the Provost and Great Master of the Ceremonies present the King with Cloaks and Mantles to Invest the Knights and then his Majesty taking the Collars of the Order from the hands of the High Treasurer puts them about the Knights Necks saying to them these words Take from our hand the Collar of our Order of the blessed Holy Ghost c. In the Name of the Father of the Son and of the Holy Ghost CHAP. XI Of the Knights of the Order and Militia of the Holy Ghost 1. THE King Soveraign of the Order 2. The Dauphin to whom the Officers of the Order carried the Blue-Ribband presently after his Birth on the first of November 1661. Since which the King made him Knight on New-Years Day in 1682. 3. The Duke of Burgundy to whom the Great Treasurer of the Order being the Marquiss of Seignelay carried the Cross and Blue-Ribband presently after his Birth on the 6th of August 1682. 4. The Duke of Anjou had it likewise presently after his Birth on the 19th of December 1683. And 5. The Duke of Berry soon after he was Born on the last of August 1686. 6. The Duke of Orleans who had likewise the Blue-Ribband soon after his Birth and was afterward made Knight Where note that the Kings Sons Grand-Children or Brothers are Born Knights and wear the Blue-Ribband presently after their Birth though they be not fully and actually received as such till the King thinks fit The last King made a Promotion of Knights of this Order in the year 1633. of which remain only two Knights viz. the Duke of St. Simon and the Marquiss of St. Simon Of the Knights promoted in 1662. The Present King with the greatest Ceremony that perhaps was ever practised on the like occasion made a Promotion of several Knights of this Order in the year 1662. in which number were two Princes of the Blood nine Prelates and fifty nine other great Persons and Commanders Besides the King sent the Collar of his Orders of his Ambassadours at Rome and in Spain to Julius Cesarini Duke of Castel-Nove a Roman Baron and to the Prince of Conty Father of the present Prince of that Name and to the seven other Lords absent in the Southern Parts of France who repairing immediately to the then Prince of Conty who was Governour of Languedoc and kept his Residence at Pezenas were Installed the same year in Nôtre-Dame Church at Pezenas with the same Ceremonies that had been used in the Great Augustines Church at Paris the Order being Confer'd on them by the Duke d' Arpajon who was sent thither on purpose by the King where Monsieur Martineau and des Prés as Herald and Usher of the Orders officiated their Places Some dayes before the Ceremony of Installing the said Knights at Paris the King gave the Cross of the Order of the Holy Ghost to the late Duke of Beaufort in the Month of December 1661. who was then going out upon an Expedition to Sea who upon his return in 1663. received the Collar of the Order from his Majesty upon the Feast of the Assumption in the Chappel of Germains en Laye Those of them that are still alive are 1. Prince of the Blood 1. The Prince of Condé Prelates 1. The Archbishop of Arles 2. The Bishop of Mets. 3. The Archbishop of Paris 4. The Archbishop of Lyons Other Commanders are 1. The Duke de Chaunes 2. The Duke de Luynes 3. The Duke de Crequy 4. The Duke of Nevers 5. The Duke of St. Aignan 6. The Marquiss de Vardes 7. The Count de Beringhen 8. The Duke de Montausier 9. The Marquiss de Polignac 10. The Marquiss de Pompadour 11. The Marquiss de Gamaches 12. The Marshal Count d' Estrades 13. The Count de Guitault The rest are dead Since that his Maiesty was pleased to Confer the said Order on the Duke of Mecklenburg on the first of November 1664.
in the Chappel of the Louvre The Great Almoner of France who is a Commander of the Kings Orders by his Place and who is at present the Cardinal of Bouillon took the Oath in that quality the 12th of December 1671. On the 29th of September being St. Michaels Day in the year 1675. the Duke of Nevers by Commission from the King gave the Order of the Holy Ghost to the Duke of Bracciano of the House of the Vrsini to the Duke of Sforza and to the Prince de Sonnino Brother to the Constable of Colonna at Rome On the 17th of December 1675. the King and the Knights of his Orders begun to wear the Blue Ribband over their Coats whereas before they always wore it underneath and the next day the King held a Chapter of the Order wherein the Present King of Poland and the Marquiss of Bethune who has the Honour to be his Brother-in-Law were proposed and admitted into the Order and the latter of the two received the Order from the Kings hand on Sunday the 22th of December in the Chappel at the Palace of St. Germains en Laye You may please to observe that formerly those two Lords that held up the two ends of the Communion-Cloth on his Majesties side whilst his Majesty was kneeling before the Altar to receive the Sacrament were ordinarily two Knights of the Orders but now it is not so much regarded whether they be Knights or no And if the Dauphin happen to be in presence then he alone holds up both the ends of the said Cloth on the Kings side and did so several times before he was made Knight and when he was but a Blue-Ribband Man and but a Candidate of the Order All Knights of these Orders Assistant at the Kings Consecration and Coronation especially the next day after when his Majesty receives the Habit and the Collars of the Orders from the hands of the Archbishop of Reims or such other Prelate that Consecrated him The Knights of the Kings Orders upon the Festival Days of the Order go in the Morning to the Kings Chamber and march two and two before him from his Chamber to the Chappel And if upon such days his Majesty chances to go to some Church that is any thing distant then the Knights go beforehand to the said Church where they receive the King at the Door on the inside and then all the Knights march by two and two before his Majesty with their Officers at the head of them accompanying him to his praying Desk and the King commonly giving them leave to sit down they go and seat themselves in the places prepared for them CHAP. XII Of the Officers of the Kings Orders 1. THere is the Chancellour of the Order who is M. de Louvois 2. The Provost and Master of the Ceremonies M. the President Meme Brother to the Count d' Avaux 3. The Great Treasurer the Marquiss of Seignelay 4. The Secretary M. Chateau-neuf These four Great Officers wear the Cross of the Order fastned to a Blue-Ribband and put about their Necks and Embroidered on their Cloaths as do the Knights 5. The Herald King at Arms of the Order is Bernard Martineau called M. du Pont. 6. The Usher of the Order is M. des Prés 7. The Under-Treasurer of the Order is M. Damond Besides which there are two General Comptrollers Their Office is to receive the Deniers of the mark of gold of the Offices of France of which the Under-Treasurer gives up an account every year before the Great Treasurer of the Order They are also Officers of the Order and may wear the Cross of the Holy Ghost though with some distinction and enjoy the same Priviledges as do the other Officers that were Created at the first Institution of the Order There is likewise a Genealogist of the Kings Orders who is M. Cotignon de Chauvry Chief President of the Court of Monies CHAP. XIII Of the number of the Knights of the Kings Order under the Title of the Order and Militia of St. Michael in the Year 1678. with other things concerning both this Order and the Additional Orders of Nôtre Dame de Mont-Carmel and of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem THE Knights of the Order of St. Michael in the year 1678. were seventy four in number The two eldest of these enjoy the Priviledge of Committimus under the Great Seal The King has named since other Knights in the room of those Deceased and to compleat the number of a hundred to which his Majesty reduced it by the reformation he made in the year 1665. who will be received in the first general Chapter which shall be held by the Kings Order when they have made proof of their Nobility and good Services His Majesty has been pleased to honour some Strangers with the Collar of this Order and among others the Count of Padua M. Vbaldo Cima d' Ozimo at Rome and the late Dutch Admiral Ruyter But Strangers are not comprehended in the said number of a hundred In the year 1666. The King Commissionated the late Duke of Noailles Peer of France and Captain of his Life-guards M. de Beringhen Chief Querry and Commander of his Orders and the late Mr. Colbert Secretary of State Comptroller-General of thē Finances and then Commander and great Treasurer of his Orders to survey and examine the Proofs and Evidences of the Nobility of the Knights of the Order of St. Michael which were put into the hands of Mr. Cotignon de Chauvry Genealogist of the Kings Orders The King commonly Commissionates one of the Knights of his Orders to assist at the general Chapters of his Order of St. Michael and to receive those which are to be received with the usual Ceremonies according to the intention of his Majesty after they have made due proof of their noble Extraction and of their Services And at the holding of every General Chapter the King sends a new Commission to one of the Knights of the Holy Ghost and though his Majesty be pleased to continue sometimes the same Person yet he may change if he please at every new Chapter for he of the said Knights of the Holy Ghost that is named for that purpose can plead no prescription from thence for his being continued perpetual Commissioner of this Order of St. Michael In the year 1608. King Henry the Great Instituted an Order which he named the Order of Nôtre Dame de Mont-Carmel i. e. of our Lady of Mount-Carmel in memory of the ancient Order of the Dukes of Bourbon dedicated to the B. Virgin and in the Month of October the same year he joined thereto the ancient Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem It is composed all of French Gentlemen They wear a Golden-Cross Cantoned or quarter'd with four Flower-deluces edged with a white Hem in the midst of which on one side upon a white Enamel is represented the Virgin and on the other a St. Lazarus upon an Enamel of Green This Cross is tyed to a
Orleans The Marquiss of Lanion Governour of Vannes in Brittany is Captain-Lieutenant of the Queens Gensd'arms Next are the Light Horse of Burgundy and Flanders Note That the Light-Horse Men are so called because they formerly wore only Back and Breast-Pieces to distinguish them from the Gensd'arms or Men at Arms that were compleatly Armed with Back Breast Arms and Thigh Pieces The other Regiments of Light-Horse are likewise Armed in the same manner as the aforesaid Light-Horse When they march in Battle Array five or six Regiments of Cavalry are formed into a Brigade under the Command of an old Camp-Master who is then called a Brigadeer There is a Brigadeer General of the Cavalry Every Regiment of Cavalry contains nine Companies more or less and in every Company there is a Captain a Lieutenant and a Cornet The Regiments of Light-Horse are called by the Names of their Camp-Masters There is a Commissary-General of the Cavalry who is the Count of Montrevel There are thirteen Regiments of Dragoons the Marquiss of Boufflers Lieutenant-General of the Kings Armies is Colonel-General of the Dragoons the Count de Tesse is Camp-Master General the other Colonels of the Dragoons are Monsieur de Tilladet M. de Roncherolles M. de Longueval M. de Barbezieres the Marquiss de la Breteche Governour of Hombourg the Chevalier de Tesse M. de Chevilly M. N. And the Major-General is M. Bruyset As for the Infantry or Foot after the two Regiments of Guards the French and Suissers the other Regiments are divided first into old Bodies that bear the Names of the principal Provinces of France as the Regiments of Picardie Champagne Piemont Navarre Normandy the Sea Regiment Where Note that the Regiment of Picardie has always the Precedence and those of Piémont Champagne and Navarre have each their year one after another and after them is the Norman or Sea Regiments Next are the little old Bodies viz. The Regiments of Auvergne Bourbonnois Sault Le Roy Feuquieres and Vaube-Cour and after them the New Regiments The old Regiments are kept always standing in time of Peace only the number of Men is reformed and reduced to thirty or forty in a Company but the Officers are retained that they may be always in readiness to compleat their Companies again to their full number whenever occasion shall be The new Regiments which almost always bear the names of their several Camp-Masters consist commonly of fewer Men then the old ones and are often-times reformed or disbanded in time of Peace Besides these the King has several Regiments of Foreign Foot which are composed of Germans Scotch Irish Italians Liegeois and others and particularly of Suissers of which there are six or seven thousand in France And lastly There is the Company of Fuzileers of Flanders consisting of sixty Men Commanded by the Chevalier de Montelet The Kings Field Regiment consists of sixty seven Companies We have already spoken both of the French and Suisse Regiments of Guards and of their Officers We shall now speak of the others Colonels of the Infantry Of the Regiments of Picardie the Marquiss d' Harcourt-Beuvron Champagne M. le Bailly Colbert Navarre the Duke de Rocheguion Piémont the Marquiss de Rebé Normandie the Count de Guiscard Feuquieres the Marquiss of Feuquieres The Sea Regiment the Marquiss of Liancourt Bourbonois the Marquiss de Refuge Auvergne the Marquiss de Prêle Nicolaii Sault the Duke de Lediguieres Vaube-Court the Count of that Name The Kings the Chevalier de Montchevreüil Royal the Marquiss de Crequi Poitou M. de Guenegaud the Marquiss of Biville Lyonnois the Marquiss d' Alincourt Dauphin the Marquiss d' Vxelles Crussol the Duke d' Vzais Touraine the Marquiss d' Vsson Anjou the Marquiss d' Hautefort Le Maine the Duke or Prince of that Name Dampierre the Marquiss of that Name Louvigni the Duke of Grammont Grancey the Marquiss of that Name The Queens the Marquiss de Crenan Brigadeer and Surveyor-General of the Infantry Bouligneux M. de Bouligneux Royal of the Fleet or Vessels the Marquiss de Gandelu Orleans M. de Bailleul Crown the Chevalier de Genlis Brittany the Marquiss de Novion Soissons the Count of that Name and under him M. Salieres Artois the Marquiss d' Escots La Châtre the Marquiss of that Name Vendôme the Duke of Vendôme La Saâre M. de Braque La Fêre the Marquiss de la Fayette Alsace the Prince Palatin of Birkenfeld Roussillon M. de Chimene Condé the Marquiss de Nêêle Anguyen M. de Vilandry Vieubourg M. de Vieubourg Rouergue the Marquiss of Malauze Burgundy the Count de Chamilly Royal of the Sea the Marquiss de Nangis Brichanteau Vermandois the Marquiss de Soyecourt Kings Fusileers the Marshal d' Humieres Great Master of the Artillery and under him M. de Barville with a Colonels Commission Languedoc the Marquiss de Puzingnan Plessis-Belliere the Chevalier or Knight of that Name Jarzé the Marquiss de Jarzé Clerambaut the Marquiss of that Name Castres the Marquiss de Castres Governour of Montpelier Le Royal-Comtois the Marquiss de Bellefonds Son to the Marshal Larré the Marquiss de Larré Provence M. de Magny de l' Anglée Vivonne the Marshal Duke of that Name Faméchon a Walloon Regiment M. de Faméchon Royal Italian M. de Magalotti Lieutenant-General of the Kings Armies and under him his Nephew M. de Albergoti Furstembourg Count Ferdinand of Furstemburg St. Laurence M. St. Laurence L' Allemand M. l' Allemand The Colonels of the six following Regiments being all Suissers give names to their several Regiments as follows Herlac Salis. Phipfer Stoupp Greder Stoupp the Younger Coningsmark a German Regiment Count Charles John of Coningsmark Guien M. de Blanzac Son to the Count de Roye Lorrain the Marquiss d' Hoquincourt In February in the year 1684. the King raised three Regiments of Infantry more being those of Toulouze under the Count de Toulouze Great or High Admiral of France There were seven Regiments more Created the 30th of August 1684. Flanders the Marquiss of Folleville Berry the Marquiss de Goezbriant Bearn M. de Monchevrueil Count of Mornay Hainaut M. de Pompone Boulonois the Marquiss de Vibrage Angoumois M de Proüy Perigord the Count de Chamarande The Regiment of Bombardeers Created the 31th of August 1684. Whose Colonel is the Great Master of the Artillery and the Lieutenant-Colonel M. de Vigny with a Colonels Commission The six following Regiments were Created the 4th of September 1684. viz. those of Saintonge the Marquiss de Bligny Bigore the Chevalier Pelot Forêts the Count de Chemerault de Barbezieres Cambresis the Marquiss de Chateaurenaud in Tourain Tournesis the Marquiss de Broüilly de Pienne Foix the Marquiss de Blainville Great Master of the Ceremonies The fourteen following Regiments were Created the 5th of September 1684. viz. those of Bresse the Count de Kercado La Marche the Marquiss of Bi on Quercy the Count d' Amanzé Brie the Marquiss de Charrôts Nivernois the Count
de Lusse of the Family of Montmorency Soissonnoīs the Duke de Valentinois N ...... de Grimaldi Isle of France the Marquiss d' Antin Vexin the Chevalier d' Hautefort de Montignac Aunis the Marquiss de Polignac Dauphiné or Dauphinate the Chevalier de Kercado Vivarais M de St. Pater Luxemburg M. de Brancas Bassigny the Count de Mailly Duke of Villars Beaujolois Created the 17th of June 1685. M. de Berulle Beausse M. de Pompadour Marquiss de Lauriere Ponthieu Created in the Month of September 1685. M. de Lomont So that in all counting the two Regiments of Guards before-mentioned there are 102 Regiments of Infantry or Foot A List of the Camp-Masters of the Cavalry There are forty Regiments of Cavalry whereof twelve consists of twelve Companies apiece and the rest but of eight Those that consist of twelve are the Colonels Generals those of the Camp-Master and Commissary-General the Kings seven Regiments and those of Tilladet and Coningsmark The Regiments of Cavalry take place according to the Eldership of the date of the Commissions of their Camp-Masters excepting the three general ones and those that go under the name of his Majesty or of some of the Princes of the Blood The Camp-Masters of the Cavalry 1. In the Colonels Regiment the Count d' Auvergne Colonel-General of the Cavalry and under him the Marquiss de Musse 2. In the Commissary-Generals Regiment the Marquiss of Montrevel Commissary-General of the Cavalry 3. In the Camp-Master Generals Regiment the Baron de Monclar Camp-Master General of the Light-Horse 4 In the Royal Regiment the Count de Bourg Lieutenant Camp-Master 5. In the Kings Regiment the Marquiss de Beaufort 6. In the Royal Foreign Regiment the Count de Coligny 7. In the Regiment of the Kings Cuirassiers the Marquiss de Mongon 8. In the Royal Regiment of Cravots or Croats the Count de Roucy 9. In the Royal Piémont Regiment the Marquiss de Rivarolles 10. In the Royal Regiment of Rousillon the Count de Montfort 11. In the Queens Regiment the Count de Rousillon 12. In the Dauphins Regiment the Marquiss de St. Gelais 13. In the Dauphins Foreign Regiment the Chevalier de la Vrilliere 14. In the Duke of Burgundies Regiment the Marquiss de Houdetot 15. In the Orleans Regiment the Marquiss de Vatteville 16. In the Regiment of Condé the Marquiss de Toiras 17. In the Regiment of Anguien Monsieur de Saintrailles 18. In the Regiment of Tilladet the Marquiss de Tilladet 19. In the Regiment of Villeroy the Duke of that Name 20. In the Regiment of Grignan the Chevalier de Grignan 21. In the Regiment of St. Aignan the Duke de Beauvilliers Chief of the Council-Royal of the Finances or Revenues 22. In the Coningsmark Regiment Count Otho William of Coningsmark Marshal of Suedeland c. and under him M. la Mote-Paillas In the other Regiments there are several Camp-Masters incorporated whose Companies are reformed or reduced into one Colonels of the Dragoons The Colonel-General the Marquiss de Boufflers The Camp-Master General the Count de Tesse The Regiment of the Colonel-General is Commanded by the Count de St. Florentin The Regiment Royal by the Marquiss d' Alègre The Queens Regiment by the Marquiss de Murcé The Dauphins Regiment by the Count de Longueval The following Regiments viz. those Of Gramont of the County of Burgundy by the Count de Gramont Of Barbeziéres by the Marquiss de Barbesiéres Of Peissonel by M. de Peissonel Of Lande by M. de la Lande Of Chevilly by M. de Chevilly Of Tesse by the Chevalier de Tessé Of Asfeld by the Baron d' Asfeld Brigadeer of the Dragoons De Fimarcon by the Marquiss of that Name The aforementioned Regiments of Foot consist some of more and some of fewer Bataillons and every Bataillon is composed of fifteen Companies and of one Company of Granadeers except only the two Regiments of Guards French and Suissers and the six other Suisse Regiments As to the Order observed in the Command of the Armies of France they are always Commanded by one General in Chief who has under him two Lieutenant-Generals who Command by turns every other day and under them there are two Camp or Field-Marshals that change in the same manner beginning with the Elder of the two When the King Commands his Armies in Person he has always two or four Marshals of France under him And when any Prince of the Blood Commands them he has commonly two Marshals of France under him Every General has four Adjutants or Aids de Camp to carry about his Orders which are commonly young Noblemen or sometimes old Officers A Lieutenant-General has at least two Aids de Camp and the Marshals de Camp or Field-Marshals have each of them one Formerly there were Battle-Marshals in every Army but at present there are none only Mr. de Fougerais is one as being such by Title of a standing Office though without acting as such Next are the Brigadeers who are chosen from among the Camp-Masters of oldest standing to Command Brigades composed of five or six Regiments of Horse Foot and Dragoons Next them are the Camp-Masters that Command over the several Regiments of Horse and the Colonels in the Foot-Regiments and then the Lieutenant-Colonels a Major and the Aid or Adjutant-Majors in the Foot-Regiments but in the Cavalry the Major is the second Person Next are the Captains of every Company and in Companies of Light-Horse under every Captain there is a Lieutenant and a Corner but in Companies of Gensd'arms or of Foot there are Lieutenants and after them Ensigns instead of Cornets As for the Quarter-Masters or Marshals of the Lodgings of the Armies There is one Quarter-Master General of the Cavalry who is M. de St. Martin who enjoys it by Title of a standing Office who has under him several Adjutants and Fouriers or Under-Quarter-Masters In the Body of the Infantry of every Army there is a Major-General of the Brigades from whom the Majors of every Brigade receive their Orders Then there is a Quarter-Master for every Regiment who having known from his Superiours the Quarters allotted to his Regiment divides and shares them out among the several Companies and Orders the Quarter-Masters of each Company to lodge the Captains Officers and Souldiers accordingly The four Quarter-Masters General at present of the Kings Camps and Armies are M. Fougueux M. de l' Anglée M. Bolé and M. du Verger when they are in the Armies they have every one two Harbingers or Quarter-Masters under them who are paid by the King There is likewise one standing Fourier or Harbinger of the Kings Camps and Armies who is the Sieur de Couty Now because there often have happened differences and contests among the Officers of Horse and those of Foot concerning place and precedency of Command It is ordered that when they are both Incamped on a Plain the Officers of Horse shall have the Command but when they are Posted in any Inclosure Retrenchment
their chief Commanders or Generals at Sea All Ships of War are to bear their Admirals Colours and the Admirals own Ship bears a square White Flag upon her Main-Mast and a Lanthorn in his Poop He has a Sovereign Command over the Seas of France especially over all that part of the Ocean and of the Mediterranean near the Coasts of France and over all the Ships of War and Naval Forces The first Admiral that we read of was one Lehery or according to some one Rotland under Charles the Great called by Eginard Praefectus Maris This Office was formerly held only by Commission and the first that possest it by Patent as a standing Office was Enguerrand Sire or Lord of Coucy under Philip the Hardy in 1273. though according to some others it was not made a standing Office till the year 1369 under Charles the Fifth and the first Admiral according to that account was Amaury Vicount of Narbon There were several Admirals belonging to France whilst the Kings of France remained unpossest of many of the Maritime Provinces for there were the Admirals of Normandy Brittany Guienne and Provence the Admiral of Normandy who was since the Re-union called the Admiral of France Commanded from Callis to St. Michaels Mount He of Brittany from St. Michaels Mount to Raz He of Guienne from Raz to Bayonne and he of Provence from Perpignan to the River of Genua About this Admiralty of Provence there arose a great contest in the last Kings time between the Duke of Guise who pretended to that Admiralty and the Cardinal of Richelieu who put an end to the Dispute by prevailing with the King totally to suppress the Office of Admiralty and to Erect instead of it another under the Title of Great Master Chief and Super-Intendant General of the Navigation and Commerce of France which he did by a Declaration in the Month of January 1627. The said Cardinal gave it afterward by his Will and Testament to the Son of the Marshal de Brezé Duke of Fronsac who when he took the accustomed Oath for it in Parliament in the year 1648. reassumed the Title of Admiral but he being killed at the Siege of Orbitello this Office was exercised in the Name of the Queen Regent under the Title of Great Master of the Navigation of France but since that the Title of Admiral has been reannexed to those other newer ones The Admiral of France as having Command over two Seas viz. the Ocean and the Mediterranean bears as a mark of his Dignity two golden Anchors passed Salteir-wise behind his Coat of Arms hanging upon and fastened to two Cables the Vice-Admiral likewise bears the same The Great Admiral has 30000 l. yearly appointment raised out of the duties of Anchorage and other Revenues Next to the Admiral there is likewise a Vice-Admiral of France who is at present the Marshal d' Etrées and his Son in Reversion There are three Lieutenant-Generals of the Naval Forces viz. 1. Abraham du Quêne Marquiss du Bouchet Valgrand under the name of Du Quêne 2. The Marquiss de Preuilly d' Humieres 3. The Chevalier de Tourville And seven Chiefs or Commanders of Squadrons viz. 1. Monsieur Gabaret 2. The Count de Chateaurenaud Great Prior of Brittany of the Order of St. Lizarus 3. The Marquiss d' Amfreville 4. The Chevalier de Sourdis 5. The Chevalier de Bethune 6. M. Villette de Murcé 7. M. Forant who was lately the eldest among the Captains of single Vessels Besides the Marquiss de Seignelay who as one of the four Principal Secretaries of State has the Maritime Affairs under his department there are two Intendant Generals of the Marine Affairs under whom there are two Intendants of the Levant or East who are M. Brodard for the Galliet residing at Marseilles and M. Girardin Sieur de Vauvray residing at Toulon likewise four Intendants for the Western Sea or Ocean viz. 1. M. Arnoux de Muin residing at Rochefort Rochelle and Broüage 2. M. de Champy Desclouzonne residing at Brest in Brittany 3. M. Patoüillet at Dunkirk and 4. M. de Fargis Montmor at Havre de Grace The Secretary General of the Admiralty or Maritime Affairs is M. de la Grange The Treasurers General of the Admiralty are 1. M. Lubert for the Men of War and 2. M. de Bellinzani for the Gallies There are likewise Comptrollers of the Admiralty The Admiral has upon any Vacancies hapning by Death or otherwise the nomination of all Judges Lieutenants general or particular Counsellors Receivers Advocates Proctors Registrers or Recorders Serjeants and other Officers of the Admiralty both at the Supreme Court of Admiralty held at the Marble Table and at the particular ones held in Picardy Normandy and Brittany The King has at present 150 Ships of War and 30 Gallies besides tenders c. The Royal Docks for Building Ships in France are only at Brest Rochefort and Toulon For the better furnishing the Royal Fleet with Almoners or Chaplains the King has established a Community or Seminary of Priests in the Burrow of Folgoet in Brittany CHAP. XX. Of the General of the Gallies THE Kingdom of France being washed with two Seas viz. on one side with the Great Ocean and on the other towards the South with the Mediterranean upon this last are kept the Gallies as a more proper Shipping for that Sea whose Port and Harbour is Marseilles over which there is a Chief called the General of the Gallies The General of the Gallies is sometimes called the Admiral of the Levant or East as says the Sieur de la Popeliniere who has composed a Book particularly of the Admiral of France The present General of the Gallies is Lewis Victor de Rochechoüard de Mortemar Duke de Vivonne Marshal of France Governour of Champain and late Viceroy in Sicily during the Revolutions of Messina He is as such stiled General of the Gallies and Lieutenant-General in the Seas and Naval Armies of the Levant he was sworn General of the Gallies in the Month of December 1669. His Son the Duke of Mortemar Married a Daughter of the late M. Colbert Minister of State has the Reversion of his Fathers Place and in the year 1681. Commanded alone himself the Gallies of France Charles the Ninth by an Order of the 6th of April 1562. Verified the 8th of June 1563. Declared Messire René of Lorrain General of the Gallies as well in the Levant as in the Western Seas making him Chief General of all his Gallies Galiots Fregats Fusts and Brigantins and giving him Command over all Vessels and Ships whether long or round and authorising him to cause due obedience to be given him by all manner of ways and in all places where it should concern the Duty of his Office The Lieutenant-General of the Gallies is the Chevalier de Noailles Knight of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem c. Thus having treated of the Military Officers we come now to the Officers of Justice in the Kings
Paris Of the Grand Council Of the Leagues of the Suiffers The Rents upon the Guildhall or Town-House of Paris 3. Mr. De Breteuil has The eighteen Generalities of the Countries of Election The greater and lesser Tax called the Taille Taillon The Revenue of the Chamber of Accounts or Counting-Chamber at Paris That of the Court of Aids at Paris There are four Secretaries of the Council who are M. Berrier M. de Beauchamol M. Ranchin and M. Coquille And M. Bartillat and M. Du Mets with the Title of Commissionated Keepers of the Treasure-Royal exercise by turns what was formerly exercised by three Persons with the Title of Treasurers of the Main Treasury or Exchequer called L' Epargne or Spare Revenue There are eighty Masters of Requests in Ordinary of the Kings Houshold that officiate quarterly The Officers called les Gens du Roy are One Proctor-General M. Lewis Maboul who likewise performs the Function of Advocate-General One Advocate-General M. Francis-Nicholas Berthelot The Secretaries of the Court of Finances are the same with those of the Council of State There are four Secretaries-Registrers of the Privy-Council four Commissioners of the Register of the Council and four Registrers-Keepers of the Council-Bags all officiating quarterly And one Chief Registrer of the Requests of the Houshold There are eight Ushers or Door-Keepers in Ordinary belonging to the Kings Councils and eight other Ushers of the Requests of the Houshold There is also held another Council called the Council of Parties because it was established to take cognisance of the Processes or Suits moved by particular Parties one among another whether it be upon their Appeals from the Judges of a particular Jurisdiction or of a Parliament or any other entire Jurisdiction or for particular Affairs between City and City or between one private Person and another that this Council has called before it or of which it has reserved the cognisance to it self The Councellors of State that sit in this Council of Parties or in the Council of the Finances are for the most part Persons that have served a long time in other Courts or Jurisdictions as in the Parliament Grand-Council and even in the very Body of the Masters of Requests or in Embassies to Foreign Princes and States Those of the last sort enjoy the Quality and Pension of Councellours of State at their return from their Ambassages but yet have not all Entrance into the Council Some of them serve there all the year and some but six Months their Salary when they serve all the year is 2000 Crowns to each They are sworn by the Chancellour Anciently there were three Masters of Requests taken out of the Body of the Parliament that used to stand at the Door of the Kings Lodgings leaning with their Elbows on the Rails ready to receive all Requests or Petitions that people had a mind to present to the King And if they were businesses of no great consequence they commonly dispatcht them immediately but if they were of Consequence then they made report of them to the King when he was in his Chamber or when he was going to Mass or a walking And when business begun to increase they waited no more at the Door but near the Kings Person who committed to their Examination all the Petitions that were presented him They usually had Lodgings in the Kings Palace and were tabled at Court They at present take cognisance in their Court of Masters of the Requests of the Houshold of the personal and possessory Causes of the Crown-Officers and of the Officers that are Commoners and Tabled in the Royal Housholds and others that have the priviledge of Committimus There lies an Appeal from them to the Parliament of Paris unless it be when a Sovereign Jurisdiction is given them by a solemn remission of any cause to them by the Council of State They serve likewise in the Chancery and in the Council of State where they report and sign all Petitions that come thither and have extraordinary Commissions in the Provinces where they are Intendants of Justice of Policy and of the Finances or Revenues as also in the Armies where they have a very great Authority and Power They have power to preside in the place of the Presidents in all Seneschalchies and Baily-wicks The Habit used by the Masters of Requests at great Ceremonies and Solemnities is a Scarlet-Gown as being of the Body of the Parliaments where they have Entrance Place and Voice or freedom of Suffrage and opinion deliberative When the Masters of Requests march all in a Body accompanying the Chancellour as they did in the year 1660. at the Kings solemn Entry they wear as they did then black Velvet-Gowns with golden Girdles and Hat-Bands CHAP. XXIV Of the Grand Council THE Grand Council being at its Original or first Institution the only Councils of the Kings of France the Princes of the Blood Officers of the Crown and chief Presidents of the superiour Courts used to stile themselves Councellours of it Afterwards the Title of Councellour to the King in his Councils was taken up instead of it as soon as a plurality of Councils was erected The Grand Council was reduced by Charles the Eighth to 17 Councellours and one Proctor-General and since augmented by Lewis the Twelfth with three Councellours to make up the number of twenty and that served by the half year since that the Advocates-General and the Presidents were added thereto and the number of Councellours augmented from time to time by new Creations insomuch that at present this Company is composed of eight Presidents serving by turns four each half year 54 Councellours serving by turns 27 each half year two Advocates-General serving half a year apiece and one Proctor-General who only is perperpetual The half-yearly waiting times of the Councellours begin in October and April Besides these there are fourteen Councellours of Honour or Titular Councellours in the Grand Council who are Candidates as it were of it and succeed in the Vacancies There are likewise twelve Substitutes or Deputies one Registrer or Recorder in Chief five Secretaries one Chief or first Usher twenty other Ushers and 23 Proctors The Jurisdiction of the Grand Council extends throughout all the whole Monarchy and Dominions of the King At its first beginning it had power to judge of Appeals from and of the Regulations of Judges and of the nullities and contrarieties of Sentences of which Regulations of Judges and contrarieties of Sentences it still takes Cognisance as also of the Jurisdiction of Presidials and of the Provosts of the Merchants and of whatsoever depends thereon concerning the Honour Function and Regulation of their Offices It also takes Cognisance of all matters concerning Consistorial Benefices Archbishopricks Bishopricks Abbies and Conventual Priories and in general of all other Benefices that are at the Kings Nomination Presentation Collation or other Disposal whatsoever as well in respect of the Title to them as of the Pensions charged on their
Letters whether it be on the account of Hypotheques or Titles and they are to keep a Register of them and make mention of them upon the said Letters that they may not be sealed without being charged with the said oppositions because they are responsible for them and that if they should be sealed without opposition the Acquirers or Purchasers would be discharged of all Duties and Hypotheques according to the Edicts and Declarations set forth or that purpose and have the same Security as they could have by a Decree in a Court of Justice These Conservatours have likewise four Principal Deputies whose places are united to theirs There are four Keepers and Depositaries of the Minutes of the Expeditions of the Chancery that serve quarterly Their Chief Office is to keep a Register of the Letters that are sealed in the Chancery of France and to keep the Minutes of them that are signed by the Kings Secretaries that dispatched them and to place the Registring of them and the date on the backside of the principal Letters and to put the Visa or attestation of view on the backside of the ordinary and common ones as it was order'd by the Edict of the Creation of the said Offices There is at present but one Treasurer of the Seal though there be several Commissioners or Deputies under him whose places are united to his There are four Wax-Chasers and Hereditary Sealers that serve by the quarter in the Great Chancery of France and by the Month in the Chancery of Paris The Office of these Wax-Chasers is upon Sealing-Days to go into the great Chancery of France and fetch the Seals out of the Chancellours Closet to carry them thence before him to the Sealing-Table and when the Seal is open to Seal with it Of the Vshers In all times there has been a Royal Usher bearing a Mace that used to execute the Kings Orders This Officer was Created and made a standing Officer under the Title of Usher in Ordinary in the Chancery of France in the Month of December in the year 1473. to wait on the Person of the Chancellour and Execute his Orders as likewise the Sentences and Ordinances of the Council and of the superiour Courts He was then the sole Usher of the Council the Grand Council and the Court of Chancery being then the only Council the King had he was afterward made first Usher of the Grand Council In 1597. there was Created another Usher in Ordinary to the King in the Great Chancery of France and in the Month of March 1655. two more with the same qualities Honours Rights Powers Functions and Priviledges as the old one These four Officers at great and solemn Ceremonies are to wear Robes of Violet-Crimson Velvet with double hanging Sleeves and in their Ordinary Service Black Velvet Gowns with a Bonnet or Cap of the same and a golden Chain about their Necks adorned with golden Flower-deluces They carry the four Maces next before the Chancellour They are to be always attending in his Palace to receive his Orders and on sealing days they meet in his Chamber to accompany him when he goes to the Sealing room they march before with their golden Chains on and the Wax-Chafer in the midst of them carrying the Trunk where the Seals are laid up into the Hall where the Table for that purpose is made ready and as soon as the Chancellour is seated in the Sealing-Hall they are to shut the Door and to suffer none to come in but those Officers that are Priviledged so to do They Command Silence in the said Hall and when the Sealing is over Conduct the Chancellour back again into his Chamber with the same Order And because they were antiently the first Ushers of the Council that always used to execute all Orders from the King and Sentences and Expeditions of the Council as well whilst attending the Court as in the Provinces and Superiour Courts they still hold Society and keep one common Purse with the now Ushers of the Council for and of all Fees for signification and other Executions of the Kings and Chancellours Orders Their Places are in the gift of the Chancellour and pay him an annual Duty There is one Harbinger of the Chancery of France who is put in by the Great Audiencers and Comptrollers-General of the Chancery and pays them an annual Duty He is to go one of the foremost with the Marshals of the Lodgings of France when the Chancellour follows the Court and takes his Departments or Lodgings from the Marshals of the Lodgings of France which afterward he distributes and shares out among the Great Audiencers Comptrollers-General and other Officers of the Great Chancery He has a right or share distribution of Fees in the Sealing-Office but he meddles not with Lodging the Council There are two Trunk-Carriers in the Chancery of France that serve by the half year who are put in by the Great Audiencers and Comptrollers General of the said Chancery and pay them an annual Duty Their Function is to go and take and receive the Chancellours Order what day he pleases to pitch on for a Sealing day and to give notice of it to the Great Audiencer the Comptroller-General and other Officers whose presence is necessary in the Sealing-Office They prepare the Table the Trunks the Carpets and the Chairs on Sealing-Days they take away and shut the Trunks they pass the silk and strings through the Letters and Charters and they have a right to a share in the distribution of the Fees and Perquisites that happen in their six Months waiting There are two Wax-Furnishers of the Great Chancery And one Hereditary Servant Wax-Chaser of all the Chanceries of France who has power to put in Deputies under him in the other Chanceries although he that now is has reserved to himself this Priviledge only in the Chancery of Paris and some others The Function of this Officer is to take care on Sealing-Days to heat the Water to soften the Wax which he tempers and works behind the Wax-Chaser and then lays it in bits before him big enough for a Seal As a necessary Officer he has his Lodging at the Court and at the Chancellours when he follows him He has a share in the distribution of Fees at the Sealing-Office There is one Messenger of the Great Chancery whose particular care it is to go to the Register Office of the Grand Council and take out the Sentences or Decrees that are to be sealed in Chancery He then carries them to the Seal-Office takes them out when Sealed and returns them into the Proctors hands who give him something for his pains In time of any Court-Journies or Voyages He has priviledge to come and go to and from Court and to carry all sorts of Letters and Packets He is put in by a Patent from the King All these Officers of the Great Chancery enjoy the same Priviledges as the Kings Sec̄retaries and those that are tabled in his Majesties Houshold
Camboya Lao and Cochinchina 2. The Bishop of Caesaropolis Francis Piquet Native of Lyons who was formerly Consul for the French Nation at Aleppo for nine years space He is now Apostolical Vicar in the Levant and chiefly at Bagdat or Babylan on the Tigris where he at present is with M. Casmont de Nerac Priest of the Oratory They Embarked at Toulon the 11th of September 1679. to go for Aleppo the Capital City of Syria The Gallican Church is composed of these Prelates who all of them stile themselves Councellours of the King in both his Councils viz. Of State and his Privy-Council though they have no ordinary right to sit there unless they be called by an express Commission They are all Doctors either in Divinity or Law The manner how they swear Allegiance to the King and the Form of their Oath we have already described Once in five years the Clergy hold Assemblies which they call the Lesser Assemblies and once in ten years their greater Assemblies which are more numerous Besides these the King upon Direction to the Chief Prelates calls extraordinary Assemblies of them as lately and sometimes a National Synod is Convoked These Assemblies consist of some Prelates and some Deputies of the Clergy chosen out of the most qualified among them In these Assemblies most affairs relating to the Church and Clergy are debated and Represented if need be to the King to whom at every Session they give a considerable summ of Money The last Assembly was held in 1685. There are also besides these in France the Great Priours of Malta which are the Great Priour of France the Great Priour of St. Giles's or of Provence the Great Priours of Champagne Aquitain and Auvergne and the Knights and Commanders of Malta all which are of the Body of the Clergy CHAP. XXVIII Of the Governments in France HAving spoken of France as divided into Arch-bishopricks and Bishopricks being next to speak of it as divided into Governments I shall observe the same Order that was Decreed and observed in the Assembly of the General Estates held in 1614. after several Contestations concerning this point as thinking it better and more authentick than any other I could follow And as for the New Conquests I have ranked them according to the Order observed by the Ministers and Secretaries of State According to which Order they are in all 17 Governments besides some other particular Governments and those in America And are thus Ranked The general Governments in France and its Acquisitions 1. PAris and the Isle of France 2. Burgundy Dutchy and County 3. Normandie 4. Guienne 5. Britanny 6. Champagne 7. Languedoc 8. Picardie and Flanders 9. Dauphiné or Dauphinate 10. Provence 11. Lyonnois or Country of Lyons 12. Orleans and the Dependances 13. Navarre and Bearn 14. Alsatia 15. Three Bishopricks 16. Lorrain 17. Rousillon 1. Paris and the Isle of France Countries Towns Places and Governours 1. Town Provostship and Vicounty of Paris The Duke of Gêvres 2. The Hospital Royal of Invalides or Maimed Souldiers The Sieur St. Martin Knight of the Royal and Military Orders of Nôtre Dame de Mont Carmel c. 3. Isle of France and Country of Soissons The new Duke D' Etrees and the Count de Chamel Lieutenant-General 4. The Provost of Paris M. de Bullion de Bonelle 5. Valois The Duke de Gêvres Bayliff 6. Of the Towns and Cittadels of Laon Neyon and Soissons and Kings Lieutenants at Laon at Soissons The Duke D' Etreés Governour M. de la Simonie M. Fourcher 7. Beauvais and Country of that Name The Count de Marêts Governour of the Town and Lieutenant of the Country 8. Marle M. Moreau 9. Ribemont M. De la Tour. 10. Town Castle and Captainry of Compiegne The Marshal d' Humieres 11. The Captainry or Captainship of Villiers Coterets The Duke D' Etrées 12. Senlis The Marquiss de St. Simon Note That all Governours of Provinces are stiled Lieutenants-General though there be under them another Lieutenant-General of the same Province and sometimes several 2. Of the Government of Burgundy Countries Towns Places and Governours Captains c. 1. Burgundy and Bresse Bugey Valtomey and Gex The Governour General is the present Prince of Condé 2. In the Bayliwick of Dijon Chatillon Barsurseine La Montagne and the Vicounty of Auxonne which is the first Lieutenant-General of Burgundy The Count d' Amanzé Lieutenant-General And the Count d' Armagnac Seneschal 3. In the Bayliwick of Châlon James Dublé Marquiss of Vxelles Lieutenant-General And the Marquiss of Tavanes Seneschal 4. In the Bayliwick of Maçon The Marquiss d' Antragues both Lieutenant-General and Seneschal 5. In the Bayliwicks of Auxois Auxerrois and Autunes Nicolas de Chaugy Count of Rousillon 6. Of Bresse Bugey Valtomey and Gex The Marquiss d' Entremons Lieutenant-General and Seneschal Of the County of Burgundy or Franche Comté which though lately Conquered is placed with the former The Marshal Duke of Duras Governour-General And René de la Tour de Gouvernet Lieutenant-General 7. Besancon taken in 1674. Duke of Duras Governour M. de Clerans Lieutenant 8. Cittadel of Besançon M. de Moncaut 9. Fort of St. Steven M ....... 10. Fort Griffon M. Polastre 11. Dole taken in 1674. M. de la Feuillée Governour M. Philippe Lieutenant 12. Salins The Marquiss de la Freziliere Governour M. de Salieres Lieutenant 13. The two Forts of St. Andrew M. de Bartin d' Escarlian Governour M. de Bourbitou Lieutenant 14. Fort of Belin. M. Olivier Commander 15. Castle of Joug and Town of Pontarlier M. de la Platier Governour M. de St. Maurice Lieutenant 16. Castle of Blamont M. Bertrandi Commander 17. Castle of Montheliard M. de Lansberg 3. Government of Normandy Countries Towns Places Governours Lieutenants c. 1. Province of Normandie The Duke of Montausier Governour-General 2. High Normandie The Marquiss de Beuvron Lieutenant-General 3. Low Normandie The Count of Torigny There are five Under-Lieutenants for the King viz. 1. In the Baylywicks of Rouen and Caux The Duke of Gevres 2. In those of Evreux and Alençon The Marquiss de L' aigle 3. In that of Cotentin The Marquiss de Canizy 4. In that of Caen. The Marquiss de la Luzerne 5. In that of Gisors The Marquiss de Flavacourt Of other particular places here follow the Governours 1. Rouen The Duke de Montauzier 2. Old Palace of Rouen The Marquiss of Beuvron 3. Bayliwick of Rouen The Count of Torigny 4. The Bridge of the Arch called the Pont de L' Arche M. Druel under the Duke of Montausier 5. Dieppe and Fort de Polet Under the same M. de Tierceville Mahaut Lieutenant 6. Fecamp M. de Ratabon Lieutenant 7. Havre de Grace which is Independant and has the Rank of the Government of a Province The Duke of St. Aignan who is also Lieutenant-General of Montiervilliers and Harfleur 8. Honfleur The Marquiss of Esears 9. Caen Town and Castle The Count de Congny Lieutenant and Bayliff 10.
there are 1. A Governour in Chief The Count de Pas de Feuquieres 2. A Lieutenant M. de Pimodan 4. In the Country of Verdun are 1. The Governour in Chief The Count de Vaubecourt Town and Cittadel of Verdun The Marquiss de Feuquieres Governour in Chief 2. In the Town M. des Crochets Lieutenant In the Cittadel M. de la Pornerie Lieutenant 16. In the Government of Lorrain and the Country of Bar there are 1. A Governour in Chief ............ 2. Nancy The Marquiss de Joyeuse Governour 3. Longvy M. de Matthieu de Castelas Governour 4. Saar-Loüis M. de Choisy Governour The Chevalier Perrin Lieutenant 5. Castle of Traerback near Saar-Louis M. de Bar Commander In Luxemburg and its Dependances which are placed under this Government are 1. Luxemburg taken in 1684. The Marquiss de Lambert Governour 2. Castle of Rodenac near Thionville M. de la Brugêre Commander 3. Thionville M. d' Espagne Governour M. d' Argelé Lieutenant 4. Montmidy The Marquiss de Vandy Governour M. de Haulles Lieutenant 17. In the Government of the County of Rousillon and other Acquisitions towards Spain are 1. A Governour in Chief The Duke de Noailles 2. A Lieutenant-General The Count de Chazeron The Governours of the Frontier Places are 1. Of the Town and Cittadel of Perpignan The Duke de Noailles Governour In the Town M. de la Robertiere Lieutenant In the Cittadel M. de la Caussade Lieutenant 2. Colioure The Chevalier d' Aubeterre Governour M. de Marsolier Lieutenant 3. Salces M. de St. Abre Governour M. de Manse Lieutenant 4. Bellegarde M. du Breuil Commander M. Pitoux Lieutenant 5. Mont-Louis or Mount Lewis Vrban de Fortia Governour M. de Long-Pré Lieutenant Ville-Franche M. Fisicat Governour M. Perlan de Sagne Lieutenant 6. Of the Fort and Village of the Baths or Les Bains and the Town of Arles M. de Boirre-Cloux Commander 7. Pratz de Moliou M. de la Caze Commander There is besides in Piedmont the Province Town and Cittadel of Pignerol and Forts of St. Brigitte and of Perouse with the Vallies Countries and Dependances of it of which 1. The Governour General is The Marquiss de Herleville The Lieutenant M. de Vercantiere In the Cittadel M. de la Mothe de la Myre-Rissan 2. Cazal the Capital of which is Montferrat Under the Duke of Mantua Don Pedro de Gonzaga The Governour is The Dukes Natural Uncle The Governour of the Cittadel and French Troops is M. de Catinat The Lieutenant M. de L' Isle The Commissary of War Policy c. M. de Chassenay 3. Of Morgues or Monaco Under the Prince who is Governour and Captain of it the Kings Lieutenant is M. de la Ronsiere The Ordinary General and Provincial-Commissary for the War and for the Conduct and Mustering of the Troops in Garrison at Pignerol and in all the aforesaid Places and Dependances is the aforesaid M. de Chassenay de Luynes In America 1. The Governour or Commander of New France is The Marquiss of Nonville 2. Of the Islands The Count de Blênac Towns that remain to the King by the Pyrenean Treaty made in 1659. Arras Hesdin Bapaume Bethune Lilers Lens St. Paul Terouane Pas Graveline Fort of St. Philip Sluys and Hannuin Bourburg St. Venant Landrecy Le Quesnoy and all their Bayliwicks Marienburg and Philip-ville in Exchange of La Bassée and St. Vinox which latter is since too in the French Possession Avenne Thionville Montmidy and Damvilliers The Provostships of Ivy of Chavancy of Marville Rocroy le Câtelet and Limchamp The County of Rousillon and that of Conflans and that part of the County of Cerdana on this side the Pyreneans Upper and Lower Alsatia Suntgau the County of Ferrette Brisac and its Dependencies The King after he had caused the Fortifications of Nancy to be demolished had by a Treaty of Peace restored the late Duke of Lorrain to the Possession of the Dutchy of Lorrain and to those Towns Places and Countries that he formerly possest depending of the three Bishopricks of Mets Toul and Verdun excepting Moienvie the whole Dutchy of Bar the County of Clermont the Places of Stenay Dun and Jamets and of the three Bishopricks And since that the said late Duke last Deceased Resigned to the King of France his Propriety and Soveraignty of the Dutchies of Lorrain and Bar which Donation was verified in the Parliament in the Month of February 1662. By the Treaty of Peace at Aix la Chapelle the 2d of May 1668. It is stipulated That the M. C. King shall retain remain seised of and injoy effectively all the Places Forts Parts Towns and Posts that his Arms have occupied or Fortified during the Campaign of the preceding year viz. The Fortress of Charleroy the Towns of Binch and Aethe the Places of Doway including the Fort of Scarp Tournay Oudenarde L'Isle Armentiêres Courtray Bergues and Furnes and of the whole extent of their Bayliwicks Chatellanies or Castellanies Territories Governments Provostships Appurtenances Dependencies and Annexions by what name soever they be called with the same rights of Soveraignty Propriety Rights of Regality Patronage Guardianship Jurisdiction Nomination Prerogatives and Preeminences over the Bishopricks Cathedral Churches and other Abbies Priories Dignities Cures and other Benefices within the Extent of those Countries The Fortifications of several places in which there is now no Governour have been demolished as those of Chateau-Renaut and Linchamp Donchery Damvilliers Jamets Râ—â— Corbie Furnes Armentieres Binch Sirk Moienvie Mouzon Grey Huy St. Venant c. By the Treaty of Peace concluded between France and Spain at Nimmeguen the 17th of September 1678. The Most Christian King is to injoy effectively the whole County of Burgundy commonly called the Franche Comté and the Towns Places and Countries thereon depending including therein the Town of Besancon and its District or Precinct as also the Towns of Valenciennes and its Dependances Bouchain and its Dependances Cambray and Cambresis or the Country of Cambray Aire St. Omer and their Dependances Ypres and its Castellany Warwick and Warneton on the Lys Poperinghen Bailleul and Cassel with their Dependancies Bavay and Maubenge with their Dependancies besides the Town of Dinant and in case the King of Spain be not able to obtain of the Bishop and Chapter of Liege the Cession of Dinant with the consent of the Emperour and Empire with a year to be reckoned from the day of the date of the Ratification of the Treaty of Peace between the Emperour and the Most Christian King the King of Spain obliges himself and promises to yield the Town of Charlemont to the King of France And some Villages there were to be Exchanged By the Treaty of Peace concluded at Nimmeguen the 5th of February 1679. the Town and Cittadel of Friburg in Brisgaw with the three Villages Lehn Metthausen and Kirchzart and their Banlieus or Liberties is to remain to the King of France And the passage from Brisac to Friburg is to
remain free to his M. C. Majesty over the Lands of his Imperial Majesty and of the Empire by the Ordinary Road called Landrass The Duke of Lorrain is thereby re-established in the possession of Lorrain excepting first the Town of Nancy and its Banlieu or Jurisdiction in lieu of which Town the King of France is to give him the Town and Banlieu of Toul which he warrants him to be of equal extent and value In the second place except four High-ways of the breadth of half a Lorrain League which shall lead from Nancy into Alsatia to Vesoul in the Franche Comté to Mets and to St. Dizier And all the Borroughs Villages Lands and their Dependancies which shall be found within the extent of the said High-ways of half a Leagues breadth with all Rights as well of Superiority and Soveraignty as of Propriety shall belong to his Most Christian Majesty Thirdly The Town and Provostship of Longui and its Dependancies shall remain to his Most Christian Majesty who yields to him in Exchange another Provostship of the same extent and value in one of the three Bishopricks Remarks concerning the Governours of Provinces The Governours and Lieutenants for the King in the Provinces are what the Dukes were formerly and the Governours of Towns what the Earls or Counts were Under every Duke there were twelve Counts and over all the Dukes there was one that was stiled Duke of the Dukes or Duke of France who was the Mayor of the Palace The said Qualities of Dukes and Counts became Hereditary under Hugh Capet who having made himself King every one of the other Great Men would needs make himself Master and Proprietour of the Government of which he was in Possession Hugh Capet to have their good will winked at this Usurpation but yet being not willing on the other side that the Royal Authority should remain always Clouded he assembled all these Dukes and made an Agreement with them by which he left them a lawful Succession to all their respective States but with condition however that for lack of Heirs Male to succeed in a Right Line or when the Possessours of them should happen to be Attainted and Convinced of the Crime of Felony they should return to the Crown They that are well read in History have without doubt remarked the return of all these parcels to their principle by the one or the other of these reasons And because the Quality of Mayor of the Palace or of Count of Paris in which the first was Confounded had served him as it had done to Pepin for a step to arrive to the Throne he supprest that too at the same time for the better securing of the Crown to his Successours The Governours and Lieutenants for the King in the Provinces have under them the Governours of Towns as the Dukes had the Counts but with this difference that the number of Governours of Towns that are under each Governour of a Province is not determined one Province having more Towns and another fewer The Power of the Governours and Lieutenants-General of Provinces is altogether like that of the ancient Dukes and Counts which is to keep in the Kings Obeysance the Provinces and Places given them in Custody to maintain them in Peace and Tranquility to have Power or Command over their Arms to defend them against Enemies and against Seditious attempts to keep the places well fortified and provided with what is needful and assist the Execution of Justice every one in his respective Government But at the beginning when these Governours were first established there were none but only in the Frontier Towns but because in the time of the Civil Wars all the Provinces became Frontier there was a necessity of placing Governours not only in the Provinces but in all the Towns Their Commissions are verified in the Parliaments of their respective Provinces in which the Governours of the same Provinces have place ordinarily next after the Chief Presidents They are only simple Commissions whose Continuation depends only of the Kings sole Pleasure though some years past there were crept in some abuses in this affair and the Governours were become as it were Hereditary Note That all the Lieutenants-General of Provinces and Lieutenants of particular Towns and Places are stiled Lieutenants for the King because they are put in by the King and have no dependance on the Chief Governour under whose Command they are CHAP. XXIX Of France as divided into Parliaments Courts judging without Appeal and other Courts of Justice 1. Of the Administration of Justice and the first Institution of Parliaments JUstice was formerly administred by the Kings themselves who render'd it in Person to their People but Affairs multiplying every day more and more the Kings were obliged to ease themselves of that Burden reserving to themselves only the Cognisance of Affairs of State And for the Administration of Ordinary Justice he established a certain Council which they called a Parliament which judged and decided all Causes and Affairs both Civil and Criminal between Man and Man and that without Appeal in which were present all the Peers of France both Ecclesiastical and Secular This Parliament followed the King in all his Voyages and consequently for that reason was in those times Ambulatory It was first Instituted by Pepin in the year 757 and was doubtless the same thing that the Privy-Council is now But at length the Kings parted with this Council in favour of their people And Philip the Fair was the first that made the Parliament Sedentary and gave them a part of his Palace at Paris to be the Seat of that August Senate which by the Integrity of its Decrees and Sentences has acquired so great a Reputation among all Nations that Popes Emperours Kings and Foreign Princes have voluntarily submitted their differences to their Judgments as may be seen by several Examples in History and among others by that of the Emperour Frederick with Pope Innocent the Fourth and of the King of Castile with the King of Portugal King Philip the Fair following the Example of his Predecessours Ordained there should be only two Sessions of the Parliament viz. At the Feasts of Easter and All-Saints and distinguisht them into two Chambers of which one because it judged of the most important matters was called the Grand Vault or Grand Chamber and the other the Chamber of Inquests or Inquiries CHAP. XXX Of the Institution of all the Parliaments of France and of the extent of their Jurisdiction with the present number of the Chief Presidents and other Counsellours THere are in France and its Dominions 11 Parliaments viz. 1. Paris 2. Toulouze 3. Roüen 4. Grenoble 5. Bourdeaux 6. Dijon 7. Aix 8. Rennes now Vannes 9. Pau. 10. Mets. 11. Besançon 1. The Parliament of Paris as we have already told you was Instituted by Pepin in the year 757 and made Sedentary at Paris by Philip the Fair in 1302. When there was but one Parliament People came thither
from all parts of the Kingdom to plead The Provinces out of which Causes are at present brought to Paris are The Isle of France La Beausse Higher and Lower Sologne Berry Auvergne Lyonois Forets the Countries of Aunis and Rochel Anjou Angoumois Maine Perche Picardie Champain Brie Tourain Nivernois Bourbonnois and Maconnois and Tournay with the Adjacent Country The Lands also Erected into Dutchies and Peerages are also obliged to Answer at the Parliament of Paris which is the Court of the Peers The Chief President of this Parliament is M. Nicholas Potier de Novion 2. That of Toulouze Instituted by Philip the Fair in the year 1302. and made Sedentary by Charles the Seventh in 1443. This Parliaments Jurisdiction extends over High and Low Languedoc High and Low Vivarais Velay Gevaudan And the Countries of Albigeois Rouergue Laurageois Quercy Foix and a part of the Lower Gascony The first or Chief President is M. Gaspard de Fieubet 3. Roüen which is the Sovereign Court of Normandie was Established under the name of an Exchequer by Philip the Fair in 1302. and was made perpetual by Lewis the Twelfth in 1499. though it bore not the name of a Parliament till the Reign of Francis the First in the year 1515. It extends to all the whole Province of Normandy The Chief President is M. N .... d' Amfreville 4. Grenoble Instituted by Charles the Seventh in 1452. and at the same time made Sedentary It comprehends Dauphiné or the Dauphinate The Chief President is M. Nicholas de Prunier 5. Bourdeaux which sits at present at Marmande Instituted in 1462. by Lewis the Eleventh and at the same time made Sedentary This Parliament has under it the Countries of Bourdeaux Medoc Saintonge Perigord Limosin Basadois Agenois Condomois Albret Landes Upper Gascony and part of Biscay The Chief President is named M. Charles-Denys d'Olide 6. Dijon Instituted in the year 1476. by Lewis the Eleventh and made Sedentary at the same time It is only for the Dutchy of Burgundy The Chief President is M. Nicholas Brulard des Bordes 7. Aix Established by Lewis the Twelfth in 1501. and made Sedentary at the same time This Parliament is for all Provence by which name it is also called The Chief President is M. Arnold Marin 1. Rennes held at present at Vannes by Henry the Second and made Sedentary at the same time in the year 1553. It was removed to Vannes in October 1675. This Parliament is called the Parliament of Brittany because there is no other Provence under its Jurisdiction It is Semestral i e. One half of the Counsellers serve the first six Months and the other half the last six Months The Chief President is M. Lewis Philipeaux de Pontchartrain 9. Pau Instituted and made Sedentary in 1519. by Henry the First King of Navarre and Prince of Bearn Great Grandfather to Henry the Great King of France and Navarre It comprehends the Bishopricks of Lescars and Oleron The Chief President is M. N. Dalon 10. Mets Instituted by Lewis the Thirteenth in the year 1633. and made Sedentary at the same time It is for the Country of Messin and the three Imperial Towns of Mets Toul and Verdun The Chief President is M. William de Sêve 11. Besançon the present King re-established the Parliament for the County of Burgundy or Franche Comté first at Dole the 17th of June 1674. and since that removed it to Besançon The Chief President is M .... Jobelot The Parliament of Rouen was for a time made Semestral or six Monthly after the Rebellion that happened in Normandy in 1640. But since that that Alteration was abolished and the Parliament restored to the State it was in before The Parliament of Aix was once likewise made Semestral To the Parliaments may be added the other Sovereign Councils which though they are not dignified with the Title of Parliaments yet give Sentence without Appeal which are 1. The Council of Rousillon the Counsellers of which wear Scarlet Robes The Chief President there is M. de Sagare who is likewise Keeper of the Kings Seal there Commissary of the Crown Lands and Judge of the General Captainry or Government 2. The Council at Arras which is Soveraign in Civil Causes 3. That of Tournay 4. That of Pignerol 5. That of Alsatia transferred from Ensisheim to Brisac the 23d of September 1675. CHAP. XXXI Of the Parliament of Paris called by way of Excellence The Parliament THE Court of Parliament of Paris is composed of ten Chambers viz. The Grand Chamber The Tournelle-Civil the Tournelle-Criminal Five Chambers of Inquests and two Chambers of the Requests of the Palace The Presidents au Mortier or of the Mortar-Cap so called from the Fashion of the Caps they wear which are made in the Form of a Mortar when they give Audience and the Counsellers when they march in Ceremony or Assemble about publick Affairs in presence of the King are Clothed in Scarlet with Facings of Black-Velvet which was wont to be practised at the pronouncing of the solemn Sentences four times a year viz. The Day before Christmass Eve the Tuesday before Easter the Day before the Eve of Whitsunday and the 7th of September At their return from giving Audience the Chief President and the Presidents au Mortier are Reconducted by the Ushers in Waiting with their Wands in their hands to the Higher Holy Chappel The Officers of the Parliament and other Officers of Judicature are habited all alike viz. In Cassocks or long Close-Bodied Coats and Square-Caps At the first Institution of the Parliament one Moyety of the Counsellers were of the Short Robe and the other Moyety of the Long but at present they are all of the Long. The particular solemn Ceremonial Habits of the Court of Parliament are for the Presidents Scarlet Mantles Furred with their Mortar-Fashioned Caps The Chief President wears two gold Galoons upon his Mortar-Cap by way of distinction from the other Presidents who have but one Galoon The Counsellers and the Advocates and Proctors General wear Scarlet Robes red Chaperons or little Hats Furred with Ermines The Chief Recorder or Registrer a Scarlet Robe with its Epitoge or small Cloak and the Register or Recorder of the Presentations and the four Notaries and Secretaries of the Court wear also Scarlet Robes and the Chief Usher a Scarlet Gown with a Cap of Cloth of gold Formerly All the Bishops of France had ordinarily Place and Voice in Parliament They still use the Title of Councellours to the King in his Councils The Archbishop of Paris and the Abbot of St. Denis in France are Counsellers by their Places in this Parliament where they place in ordinary and a deliberative Voice Four of the Masters of Requests have likewise the same Priviledge as also the Honorary Counsellours of this Parliament The Parliament of Paris has this particular preeminence above the rest that it alone is called the Court of the Peers where the Dukes and Peers of France ought to be sworn
Accounts thirty Correctors and seventy four Auditors one Advocate and one Proctor-General for the King one Comptroller-General of the Remains two Chief Recorders who are stiled the Kings Secretaries two Book-Keepers one Chief Usher thirty other Ushers twenty nine Proctors one Commissioner for the Receit of the Duties called the Spices of the Accounts one Receiver of small necessities of the Chamber and three Receivers and Payers of Wages The Presidents Masters Correctors and Auditours are of the Long Robe if they have taken any Degrees in Law and of the short Robe if not but however they have all used the Long Robe since the Late Queens Entry into Paris in 1660. Four of the Masters of the Accounts are Secretaries to the King sharing each a Purse in the Great or High Chancery of France The Chief President and the three eldest Presidents that serve half-yearly keep always in the Grand Office and the two last that serve by the half year keep the second Office The Masters serve alternatively and by turns that is to say the eldest Master of that half year officiates in the Grand Office in January March and May and in the second in February April and June the second Master of the same half year serves in the Grand Office in February April and June and in the second in January March and May and so forward the third and fourth Masters which same order is practised in the other half year Commencing in July The Chief President of this Chamber at present is Nicholas Nicolai Marquiss of Goussainville This Chamber was established at Paris according to the Register of the Sieur de Just under the reign of St. Lewis since which Philip the Fair when he made the Parliament Sedentary at Paris re-establisht that at the same time At its first establishment it consisted but of two Presidents of which the first who was a Clergyman was ordinarily some Archbishop or Bishop and the other a Lay-man or for the most part they were both Clergymen of six Masters of Accounts viz. Three Clergymen and three Laymen Philip the Long added thereto another Master Clergy-man that there night be always two in the Chamber to hear the Accounts and two below to correct them and eight Clerks two of which were to keep the accounts one to keep the Journal for Registring Affairs and the five other to look after the business of the Examination of the Accounts according to the Ordinance of the 6th of January 1319. Since that Charles the Fair added another Lay-Master and another Clergy-man Master Lewis the XI Establisht the second Office Created a third President and augmented the number of Masters so that till the time of Francis the First the Chamber of Accounts was composed but of three Presidents twelve Masters and sixteen Clerks since called Auditors to whom Henry the second gave the Quality or stile of Councellours to the King with priviledge of having a Voice and opinion deliberative under whose reign it was made Semestral or to be distinguished by six Months alternative service In the year 1410. there were Created two Correctors which were chosen out of the number of the Masters who had the same Salaries Priviledges and Honours as the Masters and place in the Office The solemn and Ceremonial Habits of those of this Chamber are as follows The Presidents wear Robes of Black-Velvet the Master of the Accounts of Black-Satin Correctors of Accounts of Black Damask the Auditours of Black Taffaty the Advocates and Proctors-General of Black-Satin the Comptroller-General of the Remains of Black Taffaty the Recorders Black Damask the Chief Usher of Black Taffaty This Chamber has been in so much estimation that the most important affairs of the State of the Finances or Revenues and of Justice were there debated and thither were cited the principal Officers of the Crown and of the Parliament And Patriarchs Archbishops and Bishops Princes Constables and other great Persons used to sit in it And in the year 1497. It had the honour to have for its President James of Bourbon a Prince of the Bloud several Kings have honoured it with their Presence as Philip of Valois who during his absence into Flanders left his Seal in their Keeping and gave them Power and Authority to distribute his Graces and Favours nay and to grant Letters of Pardon or abolition of Crimes as amply as he himself might have done The same hapned under the reigns of Charles the Fifth and Sixth and of Lewis the Twelfth in the years 1330 1359 1381 and 1498. At that time it was not only a supreme Court to judge of all Causes Criminal or Civil relating to the Finances or Revenue but also of those concerning the Policy and Direction or surveying and maintaining of Bridges Causeys and High-ways This Chamber Registers the Oaths of Fidelity or Allegiance taken by Archbishops Bishops and Abbots and others in Royal Abbies and of Heads or Chiefs of Orders that are subject to the rights called the Regalia which cease not till the day they be registred in this Chamber and the Fruits and Profits of these Benefices belong to the King from the day of the Decease of the Archbishop Bishop or Abbot till the day of the Registring of the Oath of a new Successour Which fruits St. Lewis gave towards the maintenance of the Holy Chappel viz. One Moiety to the Canons and the other for the maintenance of the Structure of the said Chappel and of the Houses of its Dependance of which the Gentlemen Officers of the Chamber of Accounts are the Orderers and Directors At present by Letters verified in this Chamber the King returns these Regalia or Regal Rights to the Archbishops and Bishops as soon as they have taken the usual Oaths of Fidelity and as soon as the Counsellours Auditours of this Chamber to whom alone that Priviledge belongs have delivered out their expedition or dispatch of them This Chamber examines closes and casts up and fixes the accounts of the Treasure Royal those of the Kings Houshold of the other Royal Housholds and of all the Officers that are accountable and have the managing of receits and expences The other Chambers of accounts are obliged to send every year to that of Paris duplicates of the accounts of their respective Provinces that so they may there have a general knowledge of the Finances or Revenues and accordingly make the necessary Verifications and Corrections of the Accounts of the Treasure Royal and of the Officers that are accountable and that take there their Assignations This Chamber receives Fealty and Homage of the Vassals of Principalities Dutchies Peerages Marquisates Counties Vicounties Baronies and Chatellanies or Captainships and may receive the like of all that hold moveables Fees or Fiefs depending on the Crown it has the keeping of all the acknowledgments and numbrings of all those under its Jurisdiction and even of the Fealties and Homages of the Fiefs or Fees which the Treasurers of France are to receive It Registers the
Declarations of War Treaties of Peace Contracts of Marriage of the Kings and Children of France with their Apanages or Portions all Re-unions and Alienations of Crown Lands Letters of Naturalization and Amortising Legitimations Gifts Pensions Gratuities and generally all Letters of Grace or Pardon And the Creations of Dutchies Peerages Principalities Marquisates Counties Vicounties Baronies Chatellanies and Courts of High Justice together with all Letters of ennobling and Confirmations and Restorations of Nobility having the power not only to pass and verifie the gift of it but to liquidate or discharge the Kings Finance or Revenue for the Indempnity thereby from the Kings Dues as also that of the Parishes in which the new ennobled persons were Taxable before the said Letters and for that reason the Title of their Nobility is and must necessarily be established by the verification of this Chamber All verifications are made here too for the noble Partages or Portions of noble or Gentlemens Children in the Parliaments and for the Exemptions from Taxes at the Court of Aids The Children of France have power to erect a Chamber of accounts in the principal place of their Appanages or Lands allotted them for their maintenance but they cease in case they happen to Revert to the Crown for want of Heirs Male And they most commonly oblige their Treasurers to give up their Accounts in the Chamber of Accounts at Paris This Chamber likewise verifies all Priviledges granted to Towns or Provinces Amortisings Affranchisements or Freedoms Naturalizations Permissions for Fairs and Markets Gifts Sales and Engagements of Crown-Lands The Presidents Masters of Accounts Correctors Auditours Kings People that is his Advocates and Proctor-General and Treasurers of France are subject to be examined at every Semestral or half yearly Assembly The other Proctors as also the Ushers are likewise subject to an Examination but not before any other then Commissioners expresly deputed for that purpose The first or Chief President and the other Presidents of this Chamber are reconducted by the Ushers in Waiting for the time being with their Wands in their hands till they come before the Lower Holy Chappel CHAP. XXXIII Of the Court of Aids THE Court of Aids is composed of six Presidents and of forty Councellours divided into three Chambers In the first is the first or Chief President and the eldest of the other Presidents with fifteen Councellers of the longest standing In the second Chamber there are two Presidents and thirteen Councellers and in the third two Presidents and twelve Councellers The Court of Aids was erected soon after the Parliament was made Sedentary at Paris And excepting only the Parliaments of Paris and Toulouze it precedes in antiquity all the other Parliaments It was established after a general Assembly of the Estates under King John about the year 1355. by Charles the Fifth then Dauphin and by vertue of a particular Prerogative the Books of Accounts of the Royal Housholds and of those of the Princes of the Bloud are Registred in this Court. And all the Officers named upon the Rolls of the said Books have no other supreme Judges to have recourse to in relation to the Aids or Taxes but those of this Court though their Seats or Dwellings be within the Precincts of the Jurisdiction of the other Courts of Aids The Jurisdiction of the Court of Aids extends to take cognisance off and judge without Appeal of all Causes relating to the Taxes Aids Gabelles and Impositions and of all Farms and Dues to the King the Cognisance of Titles of Nobility does likewise belong to this Court Their Solemn Habits are thus The Presidents wear Black-Velvet Robes and the Councellers and Advocates and Proctors-General Scarlet ones The Chief President of this Court at his rising from Audience is Reconducted as far as the Higher Holy Chappel by the Ushers then in Waiting Next to the Court of Aids at Paris that of Montpelier was establisht by Charles the Seventh in 1437. it is joined to the Chamber of Accounts of the same Country That of Rouen is for Normandy that of Glermont-Monferrand in Auvergne was establisht by Henry the second in 1557. There is another at Bourdeaux for Guienne That of Provence is joined to the Chamber of Accounts for the same Country There is likewise one at Grenoble in the Dauphinate and another in Burgundy that is joined to the Chamber of Accounts at Dijon The present Chief President of this Court is Nicholas le Camus Lord of La Grange c. and besides the forty Councellers there are belonging to it two Advocates and one Proctor-General four Substitutes two Recorders or Registers four Secretaries one Chief Usher and seven other Ushers and three Honorary Councellers CHAP. XXXIV Of the Court of Monies or Coynage UNder the very first Race of our Kings there were three Generals of the Monies of France who were made Sedentary at Paris at the same time as the Parliament The like Offices were Created in the reign of Philip the Fair and in some other Reigns and annexed to the Chamber of Accounts from these Generals of the Monies or Coins as they are stiled were separated in the year 1358. They have judged without Appeal both in Civil and Criminal matters within their Jurisdiction ever since the year 1551. under Henry the Second who gave them the Title of the Court of the Monies or Coinage They take place in all Solemnities next after the Court of Aids Their Habits on solemn occasions are these the Presidents wear Black-Velvet Robes the Councellers the Kings Advocates and Proctor-General and the Chief Recorder Black-Satin ones and the Chief or first Usher one of Black Taffaty This Court gives Audience on Wednesdays and Saturdays to the Advocates and Proctors of the Parliament and sits in a Room above the Chamber of Accounts from whence the Chief President of it is reconducted every day by the Ushers as far as the bottom of the great Stairs before the lower Holy Chappel as is the Chief President of the Chamber of Accounts This Court Judges without Appeal of all Causes relating to Monies Metals Mines and Weights and the Officers and Artificers employed therein as also of all things that concern the fabrick title currantness value and policy or regulation of all Monies or Coins and receives the Appeals made from the Judgments or Sentences of the Chambers of the Monies and of other Judges depending of it There are two Presidents and several Counsellers whose Offices are fixt that go every year to visit the Provinces In this Court are kept with great care the Original Standard weights of France from which are taken those of the several Towns of the Kingdom One of the Councellers who is at present M. Chassebras du Breau has been deputed and authorised ever since the year 1668. to look after the keeping a general Uniformity in all the Weights and marks of France and accordingly causes all publick weights when they are conformable to the Kings Standard to be markt with
the Kings mark which is a Flower-deluce and that Gratis and without exacting any Fees The present Chief President of this Court is Nicho'as Cotignon de Chauvry Lord of Chawvry and of Breüil c. There are besides eight other Presidents twenty nine Councellers two Advocates and one Proctor-General one Substitute or Deputy to the Proctor-General who is likewise the Kings Proctor in the general Provostship of the Monies of France and one other Substitute who is likewise an Assessour in the general Provostship of the Monies or Mint One Recorder or Registrer in Chief one Chief Usher and seventeen other Ushers besides which there is a Provost-General of the Monies or Mint and Marshalsy of France who takes place after the last Councellour when he comes thither to bring the Criminal Processes to be judged that he has drawn up and taken information of There are likewise several Lieutenants and Exempts one Assessour some Registrers and sixty Archers or Guards In the year 1685. the King established a Hall and Chamber or Court for the Mint in the Town of Lisle for the Provinces of Flanders Artois Hainault Luxemburg the Town and Country of Lisle and Towns of Tournay and Cambray and the Countries of their Name CHAP. XXXV Of the Treasurers of France THE Treasurers General of France whose Institution is almost as ancient as the Monarchy were Erected into generalities about the year 1450. which were establisht in divers parts of the Kingdom to judge of all matters relating to the Crown Lands and the Kings Revenues They are of the Body of the Sovereign Companies or Courts and injoy the same Priviledges as the Chamber of Accounts in which they have Place sitting Voice and opinion deliberative or freedom of debating as they have likewise in the Court of Aids when they go thither about any important affairs They have likewise place and sitting in the Parliament with the Councellours when it is necessary for them to go thither for the Kings business or that of the publick and are Commissaries by their Places of the Sovereign Chambers of the frank or free Fiefs or Tenures of the Crown Lands c. They are reckoned among the Kings Domestick Officers that are Commoners in his Houshold and enjoy all Priviledges as such And in that Quality they are sworn to the King by the Chancellour before they are admitted to their Offices They give out all Orders concerning the Buildings and Reparations of all Royal Houses of Palaces where Courts of Justice are held of Presidials Bayliwicks Seneschalsies Provostships and other Royal Jurisdictions and of Bridges Causeys Pavements and other publick works but the Palace of the Louvre and some other Royal Houses were dismembred from their Office and Care when the Sieur de Fourey Treasurer of France at Paris caused the Office of Super-intendant of the Buildings to be Erected of which he got himself provided by Patent selling his former place of Treasurer of France All Letters of ennobling restoration of Blood Naturalization Legitimation Aubaine or Grant of deceased Strangers Goods or Estates Disinheritance Erections of Lands into Baronies Marquisates Counties and Dutchies and all Letters of Donation Impost or Toll Pensions and other Letters concerning the Kings Crown-Lands are to be addressed to them to be Registred in their Office All Levies of Taxes are to be made by vertue of Letters Patents addressed to them after they have given in to the King and the Lords of his Councel the Departments made by them of the Taxes upon the Elections in Execution of the Brief or Brevets his Majesty directs every year to them for that effect upon which Letters they make Remonstrances to his Majesty when need requires and send their annexed Schedules or Bills and Commands to the Persons Elected to lay Impositions accordingly on the Parishes within their respective Elections That Imposition is made in the generality of Paris by the Treasurers of France and other Commissaries distributed throughout the several Elections depending of that generality whither they go and preside in order to make a Regulation of the said Taxes together with the Officers thereto belonging They afterwards send to the general and particular Receivers the Accounts or Calculations of recovering or collecting the said Taxes in order to their receiving them The same method is to be used in levying all the other Monies raised in the Kingdom of what nature soever they be There are two Receivers-General of the Finances or Revenues in the generality of Paris and two Comptrollers-General of the Domain or Crown-Lands and Treasure which were Commissionated in 1670. All the Officers of the Elections of the Granaries of Salt and all the Officers concerned in the Accounts of the general or particular receits thereof or the Commissioners for the Receit of the Royal Deniers or Monies are admitted and sworn by these Treasurers and give up their Accounts there truly and exactly before they give them up to the Chamber of Accounts They are great Seers or Surveyours and have the Direction Oeconomy and Policy of the Surveys particularly of that of Paris as well for the High-ways and for hindring all Enterprises that may be made in them as for the Buildings and all advances jettings out incumbrances and nuisances of High-ways Views or Prospects and publick ways and passages And all Letters Patent for the removal changing and stopping up or inclosing of High-ways and the like matters are addressed to them as persons to whom the Cognisance of the Cause belongs and the parties therein concerned are cited and plead before them where Justice is rendred them without further Appeal There are twenty three Generalities in the Kingdom of France and twenty three Treasurers of France in every Office the first of which is at Paris in the Palace near St. Michael's Chappel These Treasurers meet on Mondays Tuesdays Thursdays and Fridays in the Morning and every Saturday the Commissioners for the Pavements likewise meet In Vacation time they meet but twice a Week viz. on Tuesdays and Fridays These Treasurers-General of France and of the Finances or Revenues and Grands Seers or Surveyours in the generality of Paris are as follows There are four Presidents 19 Councellers-Treasurers two Advocates and one Proctor-General for the King one Recorder or Register one Chief Usher and House-Keeper and five other Ushers Of the Chamber of the Treasury In the Great Hall of the Palace is the Chamber of the Treasury which privately or exclusively to all other Judges takes cognisance of the payment of the Dues and Farms of the Crown-Lands and of the differences arising on that subject Of the Duties of Abeine or deceased Strangers Estates of Bastardise disinheriting and of the Fines and Amerciaments awarded by the Decrees of the Parliament and all incidents arising thence from which there lay an Appeal to the Parliament The Officers of the Chamber of the Treasury have another Chamber besides in the Office of the Treasurers of France where they assemble sometimes The Treasurers of
they only we find that Philip the Long about the year 1318. took a double upon every pound of Salt and that under Charles the Fifth this Duty was already united to the Domain or Revenue of the Crown-Lands contrary to the opinion of those that attribute the establishment of it to Philip de Valois In the Ordinance of King Francis the First made in the year 1542. It is said that a Muid of Salt shall be sold for 20 Livers The Gabels or Duties on Salt were sold by Henry the Second to the Inhabitants of the Countries of Poitou Xaintonge Aunis Angoulême Higher and Lower Limosin and the Higher and Lower March of Perigord in the year 1553. and those Provinces for that reason are called the Countries of free Salt The Town of Callice and the Reconquer'd Countries when they came from under the Dominion of the English to return to the Obedience of the French Monarchs demanded likewise the same priviledge of having their Salt free There are three Parties or Divisions for the Gabels viz. 1. That of the Country of Lyons or Languedoc 2. That of the Dauphinate and Provence And 3. That of the rest of France which is called the Grand Party The Farmers of the Gabels are obliged to buy all the Salt at the Salt-Pits at a certain price to pay there the Kings Duties and to convey it at their own Charges Perils and Fortunes to the Granaries established by the King where they are to deliver out the Salt to the People by a Commissioner for that purpose There are certain Officers established over the several Granaries which are One President two Granateers or Granary-Keepers three Comptrollers and one Advocate and one Proctor for the King who issue Process out against such as make bad Salt and judge of the goodness of the Salt and of the quantity requisite for the extent-of their Jurisdiction look after the Weights and Measures and take care it be not sold above the Kings set price The Salt is distributed two ways viz. By way of Imposition or voluntarily according to the discretion and will of the Buyers They that Inhabit within the extent of the Granaries of Impost which are fixed in the Frontier Parts of the Kingdom or that live near the Countries that have the priviledge of free Salt from whence Salt may be easily brought to them are obliged to take every year a certain quantity of Salt proportionable to their Family but at the voluntary Granaries every one takes but what he pleases And so you see that the Gabel is personal at the Granaries of Imposts and real only at the Voluntary Granaries CHAP. XLVII A List of the other receiving Offices the Monies and Incomes of which are yearly returned into the Exchequer or Treasure Royal. 1. THE Forain of Languedoe and of Provence 2. The five Great or Gross Farms 3. The Convoy of Bourdeaux 4. The Customs of Bayonne 5. The Farm of Brouage 6. The Growths or Products of Ingrande 7. The Farm of the River of Seine at the places granted out 8. The 9 Livers and 18 pence of Picardie 9. The ancient 10 pence of Paris 10. The new 10 pence of Paris 11. The 30 Sols or Pence of Paris 12. The Domain or Crown-Lands of Languedoc 13. The ancient Crown-Lands of Navarre 14. The new Crown-Lands of Navarre 15. The Lands of Queen Margaret 16. The Crown-Lands of Chateau-Regnault 17. The Crown-Lands of the Queen-Mother 18. The Iron Farm 19. The Farms of the Duties on Paper and the Comptrol of the Offices relating to it 20. The Duties on Ashes Gravel and Soder 21. The Customs of Lyons 22. The Sale of the Forests and Woods of the Isle of France Generality of Paris and of Soissons Orleans Tours Chaalons Roüen Caen and County of Perche Part of the Crown Lands whose Revenues were formerly received by the Receivers-General of some Generalities The Parties Casual or Casual Revenue The Frank Fiéfs or Free-hold and several other Duties and Revenues CHAP. XLVIII Of the Treasury-Royal of the Keeper of the Treasury-Royal and of the Treasurers of the Parties Casual or Casual Revenue THE Treasure-Royal or Exchequer formerly called L' Epargne or Spare-Treasury is in France what the Aerarium Populi was at Rome It is as 't were a Sea into which all the Receiving Offices as well general as particular of the Taxes Taillons Subfistance-Money and in fine of the Kings whole Revenue like so many Rivulets and Rivers discharge themselves and in which all the Treasurers establisht for the payment and delivering the Kings Money come and take the summs needful for the Administration of their several Offices as for the expences of the Royal Housholds for the payment of the Souldiery who have their Treasurers both Ordinary and Extraordinary which are the Treasurers for the Ordinary and the Treasurers for the Extraordinary Expences of the Wars The Treasurers of the Navy who have charge of the payment of the Naval Army and of all the Ships the King puts to Sea The Treasurers of the Fortifications The Pay-Masters of the Rents of the Guildhall or Town-House of Paris and the Pay-Masters of the Officers of the Sovereign Courts with many others The Treasurer of the Epargne or Spare-Treasure was put in the place of the Ancient Receiver-General by Francis the First Henry the second made that Office Alternative so that in his time there were two The Late King Lewis the Thirteenth made it Triennial as he did all the other Offices that were accountable or handled Money and during this Kings Minority they were about to make it Quadriennial or to be executed by four every one in his year as likewise all the other accountable Offices The King used to stile them the Counsellours and Treasurers of his Epargne or Spare-Treasure They that possessed these Offices had 12000 Livers Salary and three Deniers out of every Liver they handled and every time they handled it whether in receiving or paying it and so took the said Deniers every time any Money was brought to or carried out of the said Treasury which amounted to a very great summ At present this Office is alternatively executed by M. Steven Jehannot de Bartillat and M. Gedeon de Mets under the Title of Keepers of the Treasury-Royal The Keepers of the Treasury-Royal usually pays every year all the Gifts and Gratuities given by the King or otherwise they give in lieu of them assignations or Bills acquitting the Parties of so much as the King has been pleased to grant them There are three Offices of Treasurer of the Parties Casual or Casual Revenue viz. The ancient one the Alternative one and a Quadriennial one was going to be established but that the three first bought off this fourth Office Formerly there was but one at the time of the establishment of the venality of accountable Offices by Lewis the Twelfth Their Office is to receive all the Money arising from the Sale of Offices but since the time of Henry the Great
several Offices are become Hereditary upon condition of paying every year a certain Duty or Fee which is therefore called the annual Duty or the Paulette But if it happen that any Officer having not paid the aforesaid Duty die before he resign his Office or survives not forty days after his Resignation of it then the Treasurer of the Parties Casual has power to dispose of the Office for the Kings profit The Sieur Peter Richer Treasurer of the Kings Casual Revenues at present exercises alone the three forementioned Offices CHAP. XLIX Of the Universities of France 1. PAris is the most famous University in the whole Kingdom whether it be for Divinity Law Physick the Arts or several other Exercicises after Paris are reckoned these following Universities viz. Those 2. Of Toulouse 3. Bourdeaux 4. Poitiers 5. Orleans famous for the Civil Law 6. Bourges 7. Anger 's 8. Caen. 9. Montpelier famous for Physick 10. Cahors 11. Nants 12. Reims 13. Valence 14. Aix 15. Avignon 16. Pont à Mousson 17. Perpignan 18. Douay 19. Dole 20. Fribourg in Brisgan And besides these there are several other Towns in the Kingdom where there are very good Colledges though they bear not the Title of Universities as at Rouen Tournon and la Flêche where the Jesuits or other Communities instruct Youth There is one likewise at Juilly managed by the Fathers of the Oratory who have divers others in several Towns But to inform you of the exercises performed in all these Universities it will be enough to give you the Description of those done in the University of Paris which is the Mother of the Rest after whose pattern the others are model'd Of the Exercises used in the Vniversity of Paris In this University are reckoned four distinct chief Faculties which are called the four Faculties which are 1. The Faculty of Theology or Divinity 2. The Faculty of Law 3. The Faculty of Physick And 4. The Faculty of Arts. We shall speak CHAP. L. 1. Of the Faculty of Theology or Divinity THeology has always flourished in this University ever since its first Institution but it has been more especially in recommendation since the time of Peter Lombard Bishop of Paris that died in 1164. who is commonly called the Master of the Sentences because he composed a Book of them It flourished much too here in the time of St. Thomas Aquinas about the year 1265 who composed a Summary of Divinity and several other works and now in Vogue and Reputation more than ever Although they have priviledge to teach Divinity in other Universities yet there are no where more Renowned Schools for that Faculty than in the Colledges of the Sorbonne and Navarre The greatest part of the Doctors have not fixed in any House or Colledge yet there are many of the House and Society of Sorbonne and many of the House of Navarre But those that only take their Degrees there are only Doctors of the Sorbonne or of Navarre and not of the House There are some likewise that have only the priviledge to claim Hospitality in the House of the Sorbonne who are called either Sorbonici Hospites Sorbon-Guests or è familia Sorbonica of the Family of Sorbonne but not Socii Fellows of the Society of Sorbonne As the House of the Sorbon founded in 1254. in the time of St. Lewis by one Robert de Sorbonne is the most famous in its kind for persons of most Eminent Learning and Vertue that compose its Society the Beauty of its magnificent Building adds a Luster to it The admirable Structure of its Grand Halls where Acts are kept and Lectures Read as well as that of the whole Body of the House but more especially of its Church in which there is a Dome of a very extraordinary and lofty height sufficiently set forth the Magnificence of the late Cardinal Duke of Richelieu who has immortalised himself by this work and made of it as 't were a Temple Dedicated to his Memory He lies there Buried having been Provisour of the said House The Provisour both of the House of Sorbonne and of that of Navarre at present is the Archbishop of Paris CHAP. LI. 2. Of the Faculty of Law IN ancient time all Churchmen and Councellers were Commanded to instruct themselves well in the Canonical Constitutions for fear they should ignorantly offend against any of them The Schools called the Decretal Schools where at the present the Canon Law is taught and of late time the Civil Law too are in the Street called la Rue de St. Jean de Beauvais There are six Regents that read publick Lectures viz. Three on Mornings and three in the Afternoons The present King has newly set up a Chair for the teaching of the French or Municipal Law at Paris in the Colledge of the three Nations Mr. Launay one of the ancient Advocates is the Lecturer having sworn by the Chancellour in the Month of November 1680. At Bourdeaux there is likewise another Professour of the French Law established in the Month of July 1681. And there is another at Cahors CHAP. LII 3. Of the Faculty of Physick THE third Faculty is that of Physick which is as ancient as the Institution of the University Several eminent Persons have made this Science flourish in this University since its Institution and among others the Learned Fernelius Chief Physician to King Henry the Second The Physick Schools are in the Rue de la Bucherie where they have been ever since the year 1469. and in the year 1608. a Great Anatomical Theatre was Erected there There is besides one Demonstratour and Operatour of the interiour parts of Plants and of all other Medicines and of Chyrurgical Operations at the Kings Physick-Garden at Paris who is Joseph du Verney Physician of the Academy of Sciences CHAP. LIII 4. Of the Faculty of Arts of the Rector and of the four Nations THE Faculty of Arts is the Mother of all the Rest and for which Schools were first Founded The Head of the whole University who is called the Rector is always chosen out of this Body and never out of the other Faculties This Rector has so great a power over the other Faculties that he can make them cease all publick Acts and Lectures and on the days he makes his solemn Processions which is four times a year he forbids the Preachers to go up into the Pulpit For these solemn Processions all the Faculties assemble in the Maturins Convent in the Rue St. Jaques and from thence march in order to the Church appointed by the Rector who is accompanied thither by the Doctors of the three superiour Faculties by the Masters of Arts and a great number of Religious Men. He being the Head of that University which the Kings of France treat as their Eldest Daughter as it is reported takes place of all sorts of Persons excepting the Princes of the Blood and ought at publick Acts in his University take place of the Popes Nuntio of Ambassadours Cardinals
and the Dukes and Peers of France At the Funeral Obsequies of Kings he marches side by side in an equal Rank with the Archbishop of Paris Whilst he injoys this Dignity he wears a Violet-Coloured Girdle the trimming of his Gloves is also of Violet-Colour His solemn Habit is a Violet-Coloured Gown with a silk Girdle of the same Colour with golden Tassels at the end of which hangs a Purse of Violet-Coloured Velvet called an Escarcelle trimmed with gold Buttons and Galoon He wears over his Gown a little Mantle of white Ermine which reaches down round about half way his Arms. This Dignity is Elective and lasts but three Months unless it be thought convenient as sometimes it happens to continue it to one Person two or three times together The Faculty of Arts is divided into four Nations which are 1. The Nation of France 2. The Nation of Picardie 3. The Nation of Normandy And 4. The Nation of Germany The Titles or Epithetes assumed by these several Nations when their Proctor speaks for them in publick Assemblies are 1. Honoranda Gallorum Natio the Honourable Nation of the French 2. Fidelissima Picardorum Natio the most Loyal or Faithful Nation of the Picards 3. Veneranda Normannorum Natio the Venerable Nation of the Normans And 4. Constantissima Germanorum Natio the most constant Nation of the Germans The three superiour Faculties likewise when they speak have their peculiar Titles for the Faculty of Divinity stiles it self Sacra Theologiae Facultas the Sacred Faculty of Divinity the Faculty of Law Consultissima Decretorum Facultas the most wise Faculty of the Decrees and the Faculty of Physick Saluberrima Medicorum Facultas the most wholsome Faculty of the Physicians There are in this University many Colledges in which are maintain'd several Regents and Lecturers and Professours that teach the Humanities or Learning of the lesser Schools which they do by Classes and the Sciences Tongues and Philosophy So that in this University is taught all in one House whatever is taught both in the inferiour Schools and Universities of England So that there is no need of fitting youth before-hand in inferiour Schools for Universities in France as in England they running through the whole Circle of Learning in one Colledge where for better help to youth there is a different Regent in every Classis which are all in distinct Rooms and they have Preceptors or Tutors besides to help them in their Exercises There are maintain'd in these Colledges too some few Foundation Scholars called Boursiers or Bursers but the Colledges subsist most by Pensioners or Borders and it is free for any of what Nation soever to lie any where in the Town and yet go and learn in the Classes and hear Lectures upon doing which they have as much priviledge to take their Degrees as those that reside in Colledges so that the number of Students lying in the Town dost vastly exceed that of those that reside in Colledges And the number of them is indeed prodigiously great the Youth not only of all Provinces of France but of all other Europaean Nations flocking hither to study Besides what is performed in the Colledges that depend of the University There are likewise Lecturers and Professors of Royal Foundation for teaching of the Oriental Tongues viz. The Greek Hebrew Arabian Syriack Caldean Samaritan and other Tongues as also the Mathematicks and Physick as also Philosophy Rhetorick and the Latin Tongue all which are performed in the Royal Colledge by Professors paid by the King Philosophy is also taught there in French by some Persons as of late by the deceased M. de L' Eclache with success enough There are also Academies for Natural Philosophy Some parts of the Mathematicks are also taught there by private Men as Geography by Mr. Sanson and others c. There are also many Masters of the Modern and living Tongues It is also worth our remark that at certain times in the year there are several particular and extraordinary Exercises performed in Paris As in the Nave of the Church of St. Germains Abby there is every Sunday a Flemish Sermon Preached at half an hour past two in the Afternoon a Latin Sermon at the Great Cordeliers Church on St. Bonaventures Day as likewise at the Augustins Bernardins and Jacobins on the Days of St. Austin St. Bernard and St. Dominick and on the Day of Quasimodo there is a High Mass sung in Greek in the Cordeliers Church for the Confraternity of the Pilgrims of Jerusalem and of the Holy Sepulcher in the middle of which there is a Greek Sermon Likewise Note that in the Colledge of Beauvais and in that only there are every Year publick Acts and Disputations in Greek CHAP. LIV. Of the Historiographers of France THE Office of Historiographer of France is possest or pretended to by three sorts of persons viz. 1. Those that actually write as such and are Entred upon the Kings Books for such 2. Such as though they be enterd as such upon the Kings Books have as yet written nothing and thirdly Such as have only taken out Patents but are not enterd in the Book or such as only assume the title I shall mention only those of the first sort which are 1. The two Brothers de St. Marthe who have given to the publick a general History of the Prelates of France in four Volumns under the Title of Gallia Christiana and continue the Genealogicat History of the House or Royal Family of France containing and including all the Sovereign Families of Europe as likewise the Genealogical History of the House of Tremoille and several other Works 2. M. de Chêne Son of the Famous Andrew du Chêne who has published the Continuation of the Historians of France begun by his Father and the History of the Cardinals and Chancellours of France Other Writers that though they have not the Title of Historiographers yet write Histories and other commendable Curiosities are M. Blenchard M. Justel the two Valois M. de la Roque M. Doujat M. de Varillas and several others The Journal des Sçavans or Philosophical Transactions is done by the Abbot de la Roque The Journal of the Palace by M. Blondeau and M Gueret The Mercury Gallant by M. Vizè CHAP. LV. Of the Academy of France or Society of the Virtuosi THis Famous Company or Society of Learned Men which is in France what the Royal Society is in England and is called the French Academy was Instituted by Letters Patents granted by the late King Lewis the Thirteenth Verified in Parliament in the Month of July 1637. The King has been pleased in the said Patents to grant them the same Priviledges as his own Domestick Officers enjoy Their Causes are committed to the Masters of Requests of the Houshold or else of the Palace at Paris by vertue of a Committimus under the Great Seal they are exempt from being Administratours or Guardians and from doing service at the Guards of the Gates of the Towns
where they reside The first Function or Duty enjoined by their Patent is to promote the Embellishment and Purity of the French Tongue which was the chief design of the late Cardinal Richlieu the first Protector of their Society and because in the time of his Ministry by reason of the great Sway and Authority he bore every Body strove to please him many persons of great Quality would needs be admitted of this his new Erected Society The late Chancellour M. Seguier was placed over them as their Director who after the Cardinals Death became their Protector Since whose Decease his present Majesty has been pleased to do them the Honour to be their Protector himself and has given them leave to Assemble in one of the Halls of the Louvre or of his Palace in Paris The number of the Members of this Society is limited to forty The Names of the present Members that are most to be remarked are those M. John Douiat Dean of the Doctors Regenes of Law who is Dean of the Academy Francis Tallement Chief Almoner to the Dutchess of Orleans Fraâ—â—is Charpentier Advocate in Parliament Armand de Gambout Duke de Coislin Peer of France These four as eldest of the Society have the priviledge of Committimus under the Great Seal The others to be noted are Paul Pellisson Fontanier Master of Requests c. Philip de Chaumont formerly Bishop of Dax c. The Cardinal d' Etrées Roger de Rabutia Count de Bussy Jaints Têtu Abbot of Bellival Paul Tallement Prior of St. Albin Francis Seraphim Reguier des Marais Secretary to the Academy Peter Cureau de la Chambre Curate of St. Bartholomews in Paris The Archbishop of Paris The Bishop of Meaux Esprit Flechier Bishop of Lavaur John Racine Treasurer of France in the Generality of Moulins John Galois Abbot of St. Martin des Cores Lewis de Courcillon de Dangtau Abbot of Fountain-Daniel c. and Chamberlain to the Pope Nichelas Boileau Author of the Satyrs Thomas Corneille Son of the famous Peter Corneille The most remarkable persons of this Academy that have signalized themselves by their works and are deceased since the Institution of this Society were M. Maynard M. Malleville M. Voiture M. Boissat M. Scudery Boilean M. des Marêts The Famous Peter Corneille M. Vaugelas M. Balzac M. Serizay M. St. Amand. M. d' Ablancourt Hardouin de Perefixe late Archbishop of Paris M. de Gomberville M. de Mezeray We expect daily from this Illustrious Society a French Grammar and Dictionary by which people may be directed how to speak and write French correctly Queen Christine of Suedeland honoured this Society with a visit to which she was Conducted by the late Chancellour Seguier on Monday the 11th of March 1658. They performed before her Majesty in their ordinary places their usual Exercises and Conferences with which her Majesty signified her self highly satisfied On the 8th of June 1669. there was a Royal Academy establisht at Arles composed of twenty Gentlemen Natives and Inhabitants of the same City with the like Priviledges as have those of Paris of which the Duke of St. Aignan is Protector The Patents for that purpose were verified the same day in the Parliament of Provence since which in the year 1677. their number was augmented to twenty One of these named M. de Guion is writing the History of the present King in Latin There is also an Academy Royal at Soissons established there in the Month of June 1675. of which the Cardinal d' Etrées is Protector Another at Ville-Franche in Beaujolois of which the Archbishop of Lyons is Protector And another at Nîmes which was opened the 8th of September 1682. CHAP. LVI Of Dignities without the Kingdom The Ambassadors of France in Foreign Countries are 1. AT Rome the Marquiss de Lavardin 2. In Spain the Marquiss de Feuquieres Counsellour of State in Ordinary Ambassador Extraordinary 3. In England M. Barillon 4. In Portugal M. Amelot de Gournay Ambassador Extraordinary 5. In Denmark the Count de Chiverny 6. In Holland the Count d' Avaux 7. In Savoy the Marquiss d' Arcy Ambassador 8. At Venice M. de la Haye Ventelet formerly Ambassador in Turky 9. In Suisserland M. Tambonneau 10. At Constantinople M. Girardin Note That the Ambassadors sent to Rome the Empire Spain and England are usually chosen out of the Great Lords of the Court and those sent to Venice Holland and Suisserland are generally Gown-men or Lawyers the Ambassador of Savoy is sometimes of one sort and sometimes of the other and so is he of Constantinople but if he be a Gown-man he must on that occasion wear a Sword The Residents Envoys or Agents which are sent to the Princes and Republicks of Germany and Italy are likewise sometimes of one sort and sometimes of the other according to occasion 11. The Marquiss of Bethune is now Ambassador Extraordinary to the King of Poland The Envoys Residents and other Ministers of lesser Character abroad are 1. At Rome the Abbot d' Hervault Auditor of the Rota for France 2. At the Emperours Court M. de la Vauguyon Envoy Extraordinary 3. At the Diet of Ratisbonne and other Assemblies of the Empire the Count de Crecy is Plenipotentiary 4. At the Elector of Mayence or Ments's Court M. Fourcher Envoy Extraordinary 5. With the Elector of Cologne M. de Gravel is Envoy Extraordinary 6. In Bavaria the Envoy Extraordinary is M ....... 7. To the Elector Palatin the Envoy Extraordinary is the Abbot Morell Counsellour in the Parliament 8. To the Elector of Saxony the Envoy Extraordinary or Resident is M ...... 9. To the Elector of Brandenburg the Envoy Extraordinary is the Count de Rebenac-Feuquieres 10. To the Duke of Zell and Princes of the House of Brunswick and Lunenburg the Marquiss de Bourgeauville is Envoy Extraordinary 11. To the Duke of Wirtemberg and other German Princes within the Circles of Suabia and Franconia M. de Juvigny is Envoy Extraordinary 12. To the Landgravesse of Hesse and Chapter of Munster M ....... 13. At Siege the Resident is M. de la Renaudiere 14. At Hamborough the Abbot Bidal 15. At Geneva M. du Pré 16. The Envoy Extraordinary to the Duke of Mantua is the Sieur de la Guilletrie 17. At Genoa the Envoy Extraordinary is M. de Sève 18. At Florence the Abbot de Strozzi The Agents and Consuls At Rome the French Agent is the Abbot Beneditti There are several other Agents and Consuls abroad in places of Traffick as in Aleppo Smirna Grand Cairo c. Having spoken of the French Ambassadors abroad it will not be amiss to add the Ambassadors of other Princes and States in that Court The Foreign Ambassadors and Ministers then at present in the Court of France are 1. From Rome M. Ranucci Nuntio Extraordinary from the Pope 2. From Venice M. Girolamo Venier Ambassador 3. From Savoy the Marquiss de Ferrero c. Ambassador 4. From the States General of Holland M.
straight well-shaped and very handsome and well complexioned both Men and Women the middle sort of people are generally slight timber'd but indifferently well shaped and complexioned the Men more than the Women as if they had in some sort rob'd the Female Sex of their chief Prerogative Yet the Women there among the Gentry and better sort of Citizens are for the most part tall and well shaped and many of them very fair hair'd and complexiond very white skin'd and blue-eyed which is reckoned there a Beauty and some there are as perfect Beauties as any are in the World But the major part are black or pale yet well featured and are almost all so aiery so well carriaged as we have already remarked and withal so witty and dextrous at their Tongues that they charm without Beauty Those of Normandy Picardy and Brittany are most like the English and Germans but yet at and about Anger 's and Blois are reckoned to be both the handsomest and wittiest Women in all France Those in Languedoc Provence and other Provinces towards Italy and Spain come nearer the temper and complexion of those two Nations And in a word we may say of the whole Nation in general that they are of a Sanguine and airy temper and complexion Their Diet among the Peasants is very miserable who feed on black Bread Sallets and Broth made of a little Salt and Herbs fatned with the rinds of Rusty-Bacon and on Apples and other Fruits and drink Water almost all the Year daring not to eat their own Fowls nor drink the Wine of their own growth for fear of being taxed the more they being very envious one against another and apt to betray one another and carry tales on such occasions to the Assessors of Taxes making them believe their Neighbours are richer than they think and consequently able to bear a heavier burden by which they became the mutual instruments of their own misery But in Towns and Cities Tradesmen and Artificers diet well enough only they eat their meat fresh and fresh having constantly boiled meat and Broth they call Soupe for Dinner made generally of a little piece of Mutton Beef and Veal and sometimes a Fowl and at Night they have commonly a joint of meat roasted or some good Fowl with Fruits and Sallets on Fish-Days they have their meager Broths of Herbs with Fish or Pulse in proportion and always a competent quantity of Wine The Noblemen Gentry and richer sort keep very good Tables though not so profuse as the English they chusing rather to shew their riches in Coaches Horses Liveries Attendants and other Equipage than in Diet Yet at Feasts and Entertainments they are generally more Magnificent than the English They use great variety of Hashes Entries Kickshaws Poignant Sawces and other made Dishes But in Pastry they use only Pasties and no Pies among which the Hare and Wild-Boar Pasties are much in esteem they eat much young Kid but Venison they prize it not They are in general great Eaters of Sallets Fruits and Bread they use no salt meat but Pork and Bacon but they use much Salt and Pepper in their Hashes and other Dishes Those of the Female Sex seldom drink Wine there till they come to be Married Their Attire being so much imitated by the English cannot be unknown whose Nations little or much following of late years their Mode and therefore I shall refer you to your own Eyes for that but this may be said in general of them both Men and Women that are more neat curious and costly in their Habit than in any thing else and put them on after such a manner that they always become them and that they look upon a fair outside as one of the first and most necessary steps to any that would live and make a figure in the World Their Recreations and Exercises are Tennis every Village affording a Tennis-Court and Paris many hundreds Dancing which is natural to them Masques Playes Musick Singing Fencing Riding the Great Horse Vaulting Bowls Biliards Dice and Cards to which they are much addicted It is accounted a mean and scandalous thing to smoke Tobacco at Paris or in any of the Inland Towns and they will drink briskly enough for good Company and Divertisement but seldom to Drunkenness at least the better sort and never drink without eating some good bit Their Gentry use much Hunting and Hawking and for the former sport buy many Horses and Hounds out of England having them in great esteem At Court they use too running at the Ring at a Head and Carousels where these and other nobler Divertisements are practised They have Christen-Names and Sur-Names as in England Their Christen-Names are generally Saints-Names of which they join many times two or more and sometimes a Mans and Womans Name both in one compound as Lewis-Marie or Marie-Lewis Their Surnames have generally the Particles du de la le or la that is to say of of the or the before them and are taken from the name of some Quality Trade or other matter or thing or accident if they be not noble as le Blanc White la Fleur the Flower le Fevre the Smith c. But Noblemens or Gentlemens Names are generally taken from some chief or ancient Land of their Inheritance or Possession and their Sons that are not Heirs to the whole Estate or succeed to any Lordships newly acquired by their Father many times Quit their Fathers Name and take up the Name of that Land or Lordship which they Inherit from him which in process of time breeds obscurity in the Genealogies of Families notwithstanding the help of Heraldry which yet is very much cultivated among them It is to be observed to by the way before we quit this Article that a Woman by Marrying quits not her Name for though in common Conversation she be called by her Husbands Name yet in all Writings and Acts she Signs always her Maiden-Name They number as the English and other Europeans but they compute the Year from the first of January and follow the New or Gregorian Account which is ten days before the Julian or English and denominate their quarters or terms of payment from the first day of every first Month of each Quarter As for Example the Quarter beginning the first of January they call the Quarter of January c. Of the King Royal Family and other Princely Families in France CHAP. III. Of the Present KING and of the Title Stile and Prerogatives of the KINGS of France THE Present King is named Lewis the Great the Fourteenth of that Name King of France and Navarre Son of Lewis the Thirteenth Surnamed the Just and Grand-child of Henry the Great Many have called our Most August Monarch God-given for his happy Birth granted to the Prayers of the French after twenty three years expectation He was Born of Queen Anne of Austria at St. Germans en Lay the 5th of September 1638. and
Spain Marie-Lewise of Orleans the Present Queen Consort of Spain 2. Marie-Angelique-Henriette of Lorain who was Married the 7th of February 1671. to the Duke of Cadaval of the House of Braganza in Portugal where she died the 7th of June 1674. 3. N .... Lorain Born in 1657. Abbess of Montmartre 4. N .... Lorain Abbot of Harcourt Born in 1661. III. Francis-Marie of Lorain Prince of l' Isle-bone c. called by some Julius-Augustus-Lewis was Born in 1624. and Married to his first Wife on the 8th of September 1658. Christine d' Etrées and to his second on the 7th of October 1660. Anne of Lorain Legitimated Daughter of the aforesaid late Charles Duke of Lorain and Beatrix of Cusance Princess of Sante-Croix who in the year 1684. had the honour to Conduct into Savoy her Royal Highness Anne of Orleans Dutchess of Savoy Their Children are 1. Charles of Lorain Prince of Comercy Born the 11th of July 1661. 2. Madamoiselle de l' Isle-bone Beatrix de Lorain Born in June 1662. 3. The Princess of Commercy Teresa of Lorain Born in May 1663. 4. N .... Lorain she was Born the 4th of April 1664. 5. N .... Lorain Born in 1672. Of the fifth Branch which is of Armagnac The late Henry of Lorain Brother to the late Duke of Elbeuf Count of Harcourt who died the 25th of July 1666. Married the Daughter of the Baron of Pont-Chateau named Margaret-Philippa de Cambout Kinswoman to the late Cardinal of Richelieu who was Widow of the late Lord Antony de Lage Duke of Puylorent and died in 1675. by whom he had five Children viz. I. Lewis of Lorain Count of Armagnac of Charny and Brione Vicount of Marsan c. Great Seneschal of Burgundy in the Bailywick of Dijon c. Grand Master of the Horse of France was Born in 1641. and on the 7th of October 1660. Married Catherine of Neuville Youngest Daughter of the late Marshal Duke of Villeroy by whom he has 1. Henry of Lorain Count of Brione who was Born on the 15th of November 1661. who has the reversion of his Fathers Place of Great Master of the Horse which was confirmed to him the 25th of November 1677. 2. Margaret of Lorain called Madamoiselle d' Armagnac who was Born the 17th of November 1662. and Maried on the 25th of July to Don Nunno Alvarez Peyrera de Mello Duke of Cadaval Grandee of Portugal Grand Master of the Houshold to the Queen of Portugal who had buried his first Wife the Princess of Harcourt 3. Francis-Armand Born the 17 of February 1665. called the Chevalier D' Armagnac Abbot of Chateliers 4. Camillus of Lorain Born the 26th of October 1666. called Prince Camillus He gain'd the Prize the first day of the Carousel held at Versailles at running at Heads with the Lance Dart and Sword the 4th of June 1685. II. Philip of Lorain called the Chevalier de Lorain Marshal of the Kings Camps and Armies was Born in 1643. He is Abbot of St. John of the Vines of Soissons III. Alphonso-Lewis of Lorain called the Chevalier de Harcourt was Born in 1644. He is General of the Gallies of the Knights of Malta and Abbot of Royaument Primate of Lorain and Commander of Noisy-le-sec IV. Raymond Beranger of Lorain called the Abbot of Harcourt is a Licenciate in Divinity of the Colledge of Navarre and was Born the 4th of January 1647. He has several Abbeys V. Charles of Lorain called the Count of Marsan was Born in 1648. He won the Prize at the running at the Ring at St. Germains in the Month of February 1680. In 1682. he Maried Madamoiselle d'Albret Of the House of Savoy setled in France The late Count of Soissons Eugenius-Maurice of Savoy was Cousin-German to Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy His Elder Brother that is in Savoy is named Prince Emanuel-Philibert-Amedeus of Savoy Prince of Carignan who was Born the 22d of August 1631. His Sister the Princess Lewise-Christine of Savoy on the 15th of May 1653. was Maried to Ferdinand-Maximilian Marquess of Baden-Hochberg Prince of the Empire he was Born the 23d of September 1625. and died in 1669. By whom she had Lewis-William Prince of Baden who was Born at Paris the 8th of April 1655. They were Children of the late Prince of Carignan who was called Prince Thomas Son of Charles-Emanuel Duke of Savoy and of the Daughter of Philip the Second King of Spain he was Grand Master of the Kings Houshold when he died at Turin the 22th of January 1656. of a Feaver he got at the Siege of Paris where he Commanded the French Army He Maried in the year 1624. Marie of Bourbon-Soissons called the Princess of Carignan who was Born the 3d of May 1606. The late Count of Soissons Colonel General of the Suissers and Grisons and Governour of Champagne and Brie was Born the 3d of May 1633. and on the 21th of February 1657. Married a Niece of the late Cardinal Mazarine named Olimpia Mancini who was formerly Chief of the Queens Council and Super-Intendant of her Houshold He died the 7th of June 1671. and left these Children following viz. 1. Lewis-Thomas of Savoy Count of Soissons Duke of Carignan Colonel of the Regiment of Soissons who was Born the 16th of December 1658. He has Married Madamoiselle de Beauvais 2. Philip of Savoy Knight of St. John of Jerusalem Abbot of St. Peter of Corbie c. 3. Francis-Eugenius of Savoy Chevalier de Carignan called the Abbot of Savoy 4. Madamoiselle de Soissons named Marie-Joan-Baptiste Born the first of January 1665. 5. Madamoiselle de Carignan Born the 22d of November 1667. named Lewise-Philibert There were still besides of the House of Savoy the two late Dukes of Nemours descended from Philip of Savoy Count of Geneva to whom King Francis the first gave the Dutchy of Nemours he was Uncle to the Grandfather of the present Duke of Savoy and Brother to Emanuel-Philibert and Charles-Emanuel Dukes of Savoy The first of these two Dukes of Nemours last deceased was named Charles-Amedeus of Savoy Duke of Nemours and of Aumale Peer of France Count of Geneva and of Gisors c. He was a very Comely Prince and bred up to all the Exercises becoming his Birth He was in many Military Expeditions and principally at the taking of Mardike and Dunkirk where he gave signal proofs of his Valour and received a dangerous Wound He died at Paris behind the Hôtel of Vendome the 30th of July 1652. at the Age of 27 years and a half leaving behind him two Daughters by Isabelle of Vendome whom he Married at the Louvre the 3d of July 1643. She died the 19th of May 1664. These Daughters were 1. Marie-Joan-Baptiste of Savoy-Nemours Born the 12th of April 1644. She was Married on the 11th of May 1665. to Charles-Emanuel Duke of Savoy She is at present Dutchess Dowager of Savoy after having for many years been Regent of those Territories with much applause 2. Marie-Francis-Elizabeth of
Company two Gallons of Table-Wine twelve Loaves out of the Kings own Pantry a Side of Veal a whole Sheep and four Fowls And in the Holy Week they have Prayer-Books and Linnen-Cloth given them and on Candle-mass and Corpus-Christi Days Wax-Gandles they enjoy the same Priviledges as Commoners of the Kings Houshold and are Squires by their Places that Quality having been confirmed to them by several Declarations and Decrees Of the Guards called the Guards de la Manche or of the Sleeve They are twenty five in number counting the Chief or first Man at Arms of France who has 300 l. Salary The other twenty four have 570 l. yearly allowance and their Diet at the Kings Serdeau's or Water-Servers Table They are divided into six Brigades allowing six to each Brigade When any of these Guards de la Manche fail to come and do Duty the King causes their Places to be supplied by some of the Gentlemen of his Life-Guards They wait two and two always at the King's Sleeve whence they have their Name only at Great Ceremonies they are six They are chosen out of the Scotch Company of Guards Their particular Functions are as follows When the King is to go to any Church or Chappel to hear Mass Vespers Tenebres or Sermon or to assist at any Christning or Marriage two Guards of the Sleeve or Manche always goes thither before and wait for the King in their white Hoquetons or Jackets set with Gold and Silver Spangles with Partisans fringed with silver in their hands with Damaskt Blades When his Majesty is come they keep on each side of him always standing but only just at the time of the Elevation with their Faces towards the King to have an Eye on all sides upon his Sacred Person When the King eats in publick at home either alone or with the Queen or any other Royal Person whether at Dinner or Supper two Guards of the Sleeve Habited and Armed after the same manner keep always on each side of him in the same posture that is to say standing upright with their Faces turned towards his Person Every two Nights in three one of the Guards de la Manche or of the Sleeve goes at Midnight to the Principal Gate of the Louvre or of any other of the Kings Palaees some time before the Watch is called that is to say the Officers and Guards that are to compose the Court of Guard that are to do Duty that Night at the Gate where he receives the Keys from the hands of one of the Guards of the Scotch Company to whom only the Guards of the Gate deliver the Keys at six a Clock every Night And he is to keep these Keys till the Watch be called and then he is to shut all the Doors and when he is called by the Clerk of the Watch to answer in Scotch I am here and at the same time to present the Keys to the Captain of the Guards then in Waiting if he be present when the Watch is called or in his absence to the Commander in Chief But it often happening that after the Watch is called there are still several persons to go out of the Louvre The Guard of the Sleeve opens it to all that would go out and shuts it again till it be time to shut it for good and all which being come after the Brigadier with a Torch in his hand and accompanied by the Aid-Major has visited all places and warned every one with a load Voice to go out the Guard of the Sleeve shuts all the Doors and then taking with him the said Brigadeer that carries the Torch and the Aid-Major He carries all the Keys to the Captain then in Waiting or in his absence to him that supplies his place and puts them under his Bolster in their presence I say they do this every two Nights in three because every third Night 't is a Scotch Brigadeer that does those Duties and then the Guards of the Steeve begin again till it come again to the Brigadeer and so all along It is likewise a Scotch Brigadeer that goes and takes the Keys again of the Captain or Commander every Morning at six a Clock The Guards of the Sleeve wait Monthly two every Month. On Maundy-Thursdays they wait for the King at the Door of the Hall where the usual Ceremony of the Day is performed keeping always on each side of his Majesty during the time of the Sermon and Absolution and following him along the Hall while his Majesty is washing the poor Peoples Feet and serving up their Meat to the Table When the King assists at any Processions as on Corpus Christi Day Candlemas Palm-Sunday and at the Assumption of our Lady and when he touches for the Evil two Ushers of the Chamber bearing Maces march only before his Majesty but the Guards of the Sleeve march close by his sides and when the Sacrament was carried in 1666. to the Queen Mother Anne of Austria these Guards Accompanied the King all the way as he went on Foot from the Louvre to the Church and back again At Extraordinary Ceremonies as when his Majesty is pleased to appear in an Extraordinary manner in Parliament at the Creation or Instalment of Knights at Coronations and Marriages of Kings at the Christning of their Children and at Royal Funerals When his Majesty is minded to sit in Parliament they go to the Palace and wait at the Door at the top of the Great Stairs called the May-Pole Door and conduct him as far as the Entry of the Bar in the Great Chamber And when the King hears Mass at the Holy Chappel as he commonly does before he goes to Parliament they wait on him at his sides in the manner above-described and when Mass is done conduct him thence to the Great Chamber where they stay for him at the Entry of the Bar of the said Chamber whence when he comes out they reconduct him to the top of the said Great Stairs or else to his Coach At the Creation or Instalment of Knights six of these Guards wait for the King three days one after another at the Door of the House where the Assembly of the Knights is held and Accompany the King step by step from thence to the Church and every time he moves from his place they march always close by his sides At the Coronation of any King six Guards of the Sleeve having under their Hoquetons or upper Jackets short-truss'd white Satin-Coats with Bonnets and Silk stockings answerable wait without the Door of the Kings Chamber from eight in the Morning till his Majesty comes out to go to Church whither and where-ever else he goes they continually accompany him At the Kings Wedding they have new and very rich Hoquetons or Jackets At the Kings Funeral they wear Mourning Suits under their Hoquetons or Jackets and keep guard night and day about the Body or Effigies of his Majesty as long as it lies in State They onely are to put