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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43199	Ductor historicus, or, A short system of universal history and an introduction to the study of that science containing a chronology of the most celebrated persons and actions from the creation to this time, a compendious history of ... transactions ... of the ancient monarchies and governments of the world, an account of the writings of the most noted historians ... together with definitions and explications of terms used in history and chronology, and general instructions for the reading of history / partly translated from the French of M. de Vallemont, but chiefly composed anew by W.J., M.A.	Hearne, Thomas, 1678-1735.; Vallemont, abbé de (Pierre Le Lorrain), 1649-1721. Elémens de l'histoire.	1698 (1698)	Wing H1309; ESTC R15760	279,844	444

that he had re-establish'd the Royal Race of the Amali in their primitive Lustre and given an account of 17 Generations of them from their first swaying the Scepter and finally that he had Collected into one Body what was before scatter'd through many Books Thus Father St. Marthe speaks of this History in his Life of Cassiodorus XVI Evagrius say the Schools was Native of Epiphania a City of Syria and liv'd in the Sixth Century of the Church He writ an Ecclesiastical History which he begins where Socrates and Theodoret ended that is about the Year 431. when the impiety of the Nestorians was Condemn'd by the Council of Ephesus and concluded it about the twelfth Year of the Emperor Maurice which was in the Year 597. Photius says That this History is very plain and exact The Emperors Constantine and Maurice greatly recompens'd this Author for all his Works and of which he speaks himself XVII Gregory de Tours born in Auvergne of noble Parentage He was one of the most pious Bishops and celebrated Writers of his Time His Genius led him so much to Learning and Piety that after Euphronius Arch-bishop of Tours's death he was rais'd to that See in the Year 572. and dy'd in 594. The French are endebted to him for the Knowledge of our first Kings whose History he has written in X Books and continu'd it down to his own Time He wrote also a great many other Books XVIII Bede sirnam'd the Venerable was born in the Year 673. in a small Village upon the River Tine in England He was brought up in a Monastery of St. Benedict where his Parents plac'd him but when Seven Years old He there read Philosophy Divinity Mathematicks and other curious Learning but above all he imbib'd the Practice of Christian and Religious Virtues He dy'd the 26th of May in the Year 735. Amongst several of his Works we have his Ecclesiastical History of England in V Books which begins with Iulius Caesar's Descent upon this Nation and ends with the Year 731. He has also written a Chronicle of VI Centuries and some particular Relations of the Lives and Martyrdom of divers Saints XIX Paul the Deacon was by Birth a Lombard and liv'd in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries He was first Deacon of Aquilea and afterwards Chancellor to Desiderius the last King of the Lombards When as this Prince was Conquer'd by Charlemagne Paul the Deacon was carry'd Prisoner into France where his great Knowledge and Learning procur'd him a great many Friends After various turns of Fortune which he had undergone he became a Monk of Mount-Cassin where he dy'd in the Ninth Century but in what Year is unknown He has written the History of the Lombards in VI Books the Acts of the several Bishops of Mets and the Lives of St. Arnold St. Cyprian and St. Bennet c. XX. Eginard Secretary to Charlemagne had divers considerable Employments in that Prince's Court. He had a great deal of Wit and Merit and renounc'd the World to become a Monk He writ the life of Charlemagne who had honour'd him with so particular Esteem and Affection He compil'd the Annals of France from the Year 741 to 829. There are some other small Tracts of his He dy'd in the Year 844. tho' some say sooner and some later XXI Freculphus Bishop of Lisieux liv'd in the Ninth Century This Prelate who had been Educated under the Order of St. Benedict was greatly commendable for his Doctrin and Piety He compos'd a Chronicle of which the first Part begins at the Creation and reaches down to our Saviour this consists of VII Books The second begins with the Incarnation of Christ and extends to the coming of the Franks and the Lombards about the Year 600. This comprehends V. Books He Addresses this Chronicle to the Empress Iudith W●fe to Lewis the Debonnaire and Mother to Charles the Bald. He dy'd about the Year 852. XXII Luitpra●d Sub-deacon of Toledo Deacon of Pavia and at length B●shop of Cremona liv'd in the Tenth Century and was says Cardinal Bella●min in very great Esteem on account of his Learning and Wisdom Berengerius II. King of Italy sent him in quality of an Ambassador to Constantinople in the Year 946. to the Emperor Constantine Porphirigin●tes whence he return'd at the Request of the Emperor Otho in the Year 968. who sent him likewise to Nicephorus Phocas Under the Name of this Luitprand we have VI. Books of History which comprehend all the most considerable Transactions in Europe from the Emperor Arn●lphus down to his Time The Learned pretend that what follows the Fifth Chapter of the VI. Book does not belong to Luitprand but was written by another Author of the same Time who had a mind to continue his History They also reject his Book concerning the Acts of the Popes from St. Peter down to Form●sus Father Labbe is of Opinion That this History was wrote by a Germ●n Monk towards the Year 895. The Spaniads father upon this Author a Chronicle of a parcel of fabulous Princes which had never been in the World Also Father Labbe would have this Chronicle sent to the Kingdom of Vtopia Generally speaking nothing is more faulty than these Chronological Successions not excepting the Fables of the Poets the Stories of old Women and of Amadis de Gaul XXIII Witikind a Benedictine Monk of the Abbey of Corby in Sax●ny liv'd in the Tenth Century the Year of whose death is unknown The mo●t remarkable of his Works is his History of the Sax●ns in III. Books together with that of Henry King of Germany surnam'd the Fowler and of his Son the Emperor Otho This His●ory extends to the Year 973. when Otho dy'd XXIV Frodoard Abbot of Rheims writ a Chronicle which began at the Year 919. and ended with the Year 966. 'T is thought he dy'd much about the same time XXV Glaber Rudolphe a Fryer of St. Germains of Auxerre flourish'd under the Reigns of King Robert the Good and Henry I. his Son He has written an History which includes the time between the Years 990. and 1045. Neither the time nor place of his Death is known neverth●less he is of great Repute and was Author of the Life of St. William Abbot of St. Benigne of Dijon This Person was a great restorer of the Monastical Discipline of his Time He dy'd at Fecamp in Normandy the first of Ianuary in the Year 1051. XXVI Iohn Curopalate so call'd for being an Officer of the Houshold to the Emperor of that Name He is a Greek Author who compos'd a History from the end of the Empire of Michael Curopalate where Theophanes ended his to the beginning of the Reign of Alexis Comnenes Emperor of the Greeks that is from the Year 813. to 1081. George Cedrenus was a Grecian Monk that liv'd towards the middle of the Eleventh Century He has made an Abridgment of History from the beginning of the World to the Reign of Isack Comnenes who in the Year 1057.

People that they made him King 242 3718. 15. Antigonus Doson the Governor of Philip reigned 12 years After the Death of Demetrius the Cities of Greece shook off the Yoke of Tyranny and joined themselves to the Republick of the Acheans Aratus the Sicyonian was a great Promoter of the Interests of the Acheans and freed Athens from the Dominion of the Macedonians The Etolians envying their Success joined in a War with Cleomenes King of Sparta against them upon which the Acheans finding themselves unable to resist so great a Power implored the Assistance of Antigonus Doson who repelled Cleomenes and gave him so great a Defeat that he was forced to fly from Sparta to Alexandria Antigonus used the Spartans extreme kindly and permitted them to enjoy their ancient Laws and Privileges but in the midst of all his Glory he was forced to march back to the Defence of Macedon which the Illyrians had invaded He defeated and put them to flight but straining his Voice too much in the Battel he burst a Vein and soon after died of a Consumption 232 3730. 16. Philip IV. the Son of Demetrius at the Age of 16 took the Government upon him which devolv'd to him by the Death of his Governor and Father-in-Law Antigonus and reigned 42 years 220 This King was a very Martial Prince warred against the Etolians and defeated them several times He was so far puffed up by the Success he met with that he aimed at nothing less than the becoming Universal Monarch of the whole World and was for pushing his Conquests to the very Walls of Rome Hence arose the War between the Romans and the Macedonians of which we shall have occasion to speak more particularly when we come to treat of the Roman Affairs which belong to this time 'T is enough at present to acquaint our Reader that Philip failed in his Design was beat several times by the Romans forced to make a Peace with them and was the Cause of hastening the Downfal of the Macedonian State In his time several Prodigies happened in Asia among the rest a great Earthquake which overthrew several Cities and swallowed up others From hence the Soothsayers prognosticated That the Roman Empire then in its Rise should swallow up the Empire of the Greeks At last Philip died of Grief and deputed Antigonus his Kinsman to be his Successor But his Son Perseus being certified of his Father's approaching Death by his Physician secured the Kingdom to himself 3772. 17. Perseus succeeded his Father Philip and reigned 10 years and 8 months 178 3782. This year Perseus having given the Romans great Provocations they engaged in a War against him and he prepared to oppose them He entred into an Alliance with Gentius King of the Illyrians and did all the Mischief he could to the Romans The day before that Battel wherein Perseus was entirely defeated Sulpitius Gallus Tribune of the Soldiers by the Permission of Paulus Emilius the Roman Consul made a Speech to the Army wherein he advised them not to be terrified if they saw the Moon in a total Eclipse that night from two a clock to four in the morning since it was no more than happened at other times according to the Calculations of Astronomy That very night the Eclipse did really happen which caused the whole Army to admire the profound Skill of Gallus and was a great Encouragement to them as it was the contrary to the Macedonians The next day they came to an Engagement wherein Perseus was defeated put to flight taken and carried to Rome to grace the Roman Triumphs and thereby ended the Kingdom of Macedon which became a Roman Province after it had lasted 645 years from Caranus the first King This happened 168 years before Christ in the first year of the 153d Olympiad Anno Romae Conditae 585. CHAP. XVI Of the Lydians LYDIA is a Country in Asia Minor of which Sardes was the City of greatest Account and where the Kings of the Lydians usually kept their Court. It was situated upon the Banks of Pactolus near the Mountain of Tivoli and was one of the most ancient Cities in the World Thô Lydia has been a State exposed to various Turns of Fortune yet History affords us but little Light therein The Kingdom of Lydia had XXII Kings who reigned the space of 505 years But of these we have no Account except of the first and the four last after them till Cresus the last of their Kings were five more Years of the World Years before Christ. 2733. 1. Argon or Agron the Son of Ninus or according to others the Son of Alceus reigned first at Sardes but of XVII of his Descendants we have no knowledge 1217 3150. 19. Adrysus reigned 45 years He was of the Line of Hercules 800 3395. 20. Alyattes I. reigned 14 years 755 3209. 21. Meles reigned 12 years 741 3221. 22. Candaules or Mirsilus the Son of Mirsus the last of the Line of Hercules reigned 17 years He was killed by Gyges with whom he saw his Wife too familiar 729 3238. 23. Gyges having usurped the Throne sent large Presents to Delphos attack'd Miletum and Smyrna and took the City of Colophon by Storm By this means the Kingdom of Lydia was translated from the Family of the Heraclidae to the Mermnades in whose Family it lasted the space of 170 years of which Gyges reigned 38. This Gyges was at first a Slave and kept the King's Herds from whence he rose up at last to be King 712 3276. 24. Ardis the Son of Gyges reigned 49 years In his time the Cymmerians a People of that Country which at present is called Lesser Tartary were driven from their Habitations by the Scythians marched out of Europe into Asia keeping still along the Sea-Coast and took Sardes the Capital City of Lydia 674 3325. 25. Sadiattes the Son of Ardis succeeded and reigned 12 years 625 3337. 26. Alyattes II. succeeded his Father Sadiattes and reigned 57 years He was the youngest Brother The Inhabitants of Sardes had recourse to the Clemency of Alyattes for Cyaxeres King of the Medes would have had them submit to him but Alyattes refused it from whence arose a War of 8 years between the Lydians and the Medes This King had by his Wife Carica a Son named 613 3394. 27. Cresus who reigned 14 years after the Death of his Father He was one of the richest and most potent Princes of the World made the Greeks his Tributaries conquered the Phrygians Mysians Thrasians c. 'T is said Esop so famous for his Fables lived in his time in Phrygia that Cresus sent for him to Sardes where he treated him with a great deal of Respect and that going from Sardes to Delphos he was by the Inhabitants of that Place thrown off a high Rock Cresus puffed up with his Prosperity asked Solon who gave him a Visit what he thought of his Glory and Grandeur Solon replied That no Iudgment could be passed upon the Happiness of

a Caesar who was the Second in Dignity and the First Degree to come to the Empire Constantine the Great Emperor 306. The Image of Constantine who now succeeded his Father Constantius Chlorus being carried to Rome according to Custom is rejected by Maxetius's Orders 306. Maximinus carries on the Persecution But all on the sudden the Face of Church-Affairs is altered Constantine the Great a wise and victorious Prince publickly embraces Christianity 310. Constantine overcomes Maxentius and Maximinus his Rivals 312. EPOCHA XI Constantine or the Peace of the Church 312. This Epocha reaches as far as the Emperor Charlemaign and lasts 488 Years WHile Constantine the Great besieg'd Maxentius in Rome a bright luminous Cross appear'd to him in the Air in the presence of every Body with this Inscription In hoc Signo Vinces The same was confirmed to him in a Dream and the next Day he gain'd that famous and celebrated Victory which freed Rome from a Tyrant and the Church from a Persecutor At the same time Constantine openly renounced Paganism and embraced the Christian Religion and in the 312th Year of our Lord he issued out a Proclamation permitting Christians the open Profession of their Faith and to assemble and build Temples The Church whose Brightness and Purity till then had only shined in the midst of the Blood and Ashes of her Children assumes a new Face and from the wild Deserts where she wandered before now comes to live in Towns and finds an Entertainment even in Imperial Palaces The Cross was set up as the Defence of the Roman People and all the Empire And the Bishops had by this first Christian Emperor's Bounty both Honours and Riches heaped upon them Constantine calls at Nice in Bithynia the first Oecumenical or General Council wherein 318 Bishops condemned the Heresy of Arius who denied the Godhead of JESUS CHRIST There also the Kalendar was reformed a Day for the Celebration of Easter determined and the Nicene Creed composed 325. Constantine rebuilds Byzantium which he named Constantinople and makes it the second Seat of the Empire having enrich'd it with the Spoils of all Europe he had now conquered This is the most flourishing Condition of the Roman Empire since the Destruction of Ierusalem 330. Constantine Constantius and Constans all three Sons to the Great Constantine divide among them the Empire of their Father who dies at Nicomedia 337. Gaul and Spain falls to Constantine Thracia Egypt and Asia to Constantius Italy Illyria and Africa to Constans 'T is said That from this first Division the Imperial Eagle has been spread with a double Head with Relation to the two most considerable Seats Rome and Constantinople For Constantine who was the eldest dy'd at 3 Years end The Emperor Iulian the Apostate dies enraged having received a fatal Blow by a Lance in a Fight wherein he rashly engaged in Persia 363. Valentinian and Valens Emperors 364. Theodosius Emperor 379. The second General Council at Constantinople 381. Theodosius dies at Milan The Empire is again divided between his 2 Sons The East falls to Arcadius and the West to Honorius 396. The Roman Empire begins to decay The Goths spoil Italy Alaric King of the Goths besieges takes and plunders Rome The Emperor Honorius shamefully flies to Ravenna 410. Atolf first King of the Visigoths in Spain which ceases to be under the Domination of the Romans 409. The Franks enter Gaul and raise to the Royal Dignity Pharamond Son to Marcomir one of their Dukes The Foundation of the Monarchy of France 420. Pharamond first King of France 418. Venice built by those that fled the Goths Cruelty 421. Fergus King of Scotland who shakes off the Roman Yoke 422. Valentinian III. Emperor 425. The third General Council at Ephesus 431. Attila King of the Huns called The Plag●e of God spoils Italy Valentinian the Emperor kills with his own Hand Aetius a Patrician the Support of Rome and the Terror of Attila From that time the Western Empire falls so to decay that it could never come to it self again 451. The fourth General Council at Calcedon 451. The Britains being deserted by the Romans and not able to Resist the Picts and Scots call in the Saxons to their Assistance Vortigern being King about 451. Hengist the Saxon erects the Kingdom of Kent the first of the Heptarchy 455. Augustus called also Augustulus is the last Emperor at Rome He is dispossess'd by Odoacer King of the Heruli a People that came from the Euxin Sea Thus ends the Empire of the West and Italy falls under the Power of Odoacer who takes the Name of King of Italy 476. Theodoric King of the Ostrogoths drives Odoacer from Rome routs him kills him with his own Sw●●● and founds the Kingdom of Italy 493. Clovis the first Christian King of France ●84 He kills Alaric King of the Wisigoth●●● ●ith his own Hand in the Battle of Poitou He tra●●●●tes his Royal Seat from Tours to Paris ●95 The South Saxon Kingdom in Britain erected by Ella 488. The West Saxon Kingdom in Britain founded by Cerdick 519. The East Saxon Kingdom commenc'd by Erchinwin 527. Arthur King in Britain flourish'd from 516 to 542. The Kingdom of Northumberland began by Ella and Ida 547. The Kingdom of the East Angles erected by Offa 575. The Kingdom of Mercia began Crida being the first King 582. Iustinianus Emperor began to Reign 527. The Office of Consuls of Rome which had continued thus long ended with Basilius 541. Totilas the Ostrogoth takes Rome 547. The City recover'd by Belisarius but re-taken by Totilas 550. He is kill'd by Narses 552. Alboinus founds the Kingdom of Lombardy and takes Milan and Pavia 568. The Latin Tongue ceases to be vulgarly spoken in Italy 587. About the Year 550. the Seat of the Empire was totally remov'd to Constantinople Iustinus junior Emperor at Constantinople 565. Tiberius II. Emperor 575. Mauritius 586. Phocas 602. Heraclitus 610. Cosroes King of Persia beats the Emperor Heraclius afterwards Heraclius conquers five times and retake● the true Cross 620. At this time was Christianity established in Britain Austin the Monk being sent by Gregory the Great in 596. is entertain'd by Ethelbert King of Kent and made Archbishop of Canterbury Mahomet broaches his false Doctrin about 610. Being in danger at Mecca he flies to Medina whence begins the Aera of the Turks call'd Hegira which in the Arabian Language signifies Flight 622. In 19 Years time that Impostor gain'd all Arabia and laid the Foundation of the Empire of the Caliphs call'd afterwards Turks Damascus and Ierusalem taken by the Sarazens 636. Constantine Emperor four Months Heracleonas six Months 642. Constans Son of Constantine 642. The Saracens infest the Empire Constans Emperor of Constantinople is overcome by them in a Sea-fight 654. Constantius Emperor 669. Iustinian II. 686. Expell'd and his Nose cut off by Leontius who succeeds him 694. He again recovers the Empire 703. The House of Clovis now fallen into a deplorable Weakness

of Portugal by all whom being refus'd he at length obtain'd it of Ferdinand and Isabella King and Queen of Spain who in the Year 1492. gave him Three Ships with Men and Provisions with these he set out and happily effected his Intention discovering Cuba and Hispaniola and return'd to Spain 1493. Afterwards Americus Vespusius being set forth by Emanuel King of Portugal discover'd the Southern Continent of America which Name he had the Honour to give to all that vast Country 149● Maximilian Emperor an excellent Prince 1493. Henry VIII King of England 1509. he married Katharin of Spain the Widow of his Brother Arthur 1509. Charles V. Son of Philip who was the Son of Maximilian and Mary of Burgundy which Philip married Ioan the Heiress of Spain by which means Charles succeeded in both these Estates 1516. and was chosen Emperor on the Death of Maximilian 1519. Fr. Picus Count of Mirandola in Italy and D. Erasmus Native of Rotterdam flourished Martin Luther begins to Preach in Germany against Indulgences and other Errors of the Church of Rome 1517. Solyman styl'd The Magnificent began to Reign 1520. The Island and City of Rhodes after a vigorous Defence taken by the Turks 1523. Belgrade was taken and Vienna besieg'd by Solyman King Henry of England Wars successfully with France 1510. writes against Luther and obtains the Title of Defender of the Faith 1521. Is divorc'd from Queen Katharin and marries Anne Bollen 1533. Beheads her and marries Iane Seymour 1536. Marries Anne of Cleeve and Katharin Howard 1540. Marries again the Lady Katharin Parr 1543. he advanc'd Cardinal Wolsey to the highest pitch of Greatness who having displeas'd him is pull'd down and Cromwel advanc'd 1531. Cromwel also disgrac'd and beheaded 1540. This King suppress'd Monasteries and made way for the Reformation which follow'd in the Reigns of his Son and Daughters The Straights of Magellanica in America discover'd and nam'd by Ferdinand Magellan 1520. Mexico and Peru conquer'd by the Spaniards about this time The Name of Protestant first began on occasion of a Protestation the Lutherans made against a Decree of the Chamber of Spire against them 1529. The Smalcaldan League or agreement between the Protestants of Germany for their mutual Defence made at Smalcald 1540. The Council of TRENT began 1540. Edward VI. Son of Henry VIII by his Wife Iane Seymour succeeds his Father at 9 Years of Age 1547. a wonderfully wise and pious Prince he reforms Religion and expels the Superstition and false Doctrin of the Romish Church his Uncle Edward Seymour the Protector beheaded 1551. Mary his Sister succeeds him 1553. she restores Popery marries Philip the Son of the Emperor Charles V. afterwards King of Spain 1554. loses Callice which had been held by the English ever since King Edward IIId's time 1557. Elizabeth her Sister Queen of England 1558. restores the Reformation and reigns with great Wisdom and Reputation 44 Years The Emperor Charles V. Resigns all his Kingdoms 1557. Ferdinand his Brother chosen Emperor 1558. Philip II. his Son succeeds him in Spain 1558. Charles IX King of France 1560. The Civil War for Religion began there 1562. The Massacre of the Protestants at Paris 1572. Maximilian II. Emperor 1564. The Wars in the Low-Countries against the Inquisition c. began 1565. King Philip sends Duke d' Alva to suppress it 1567. William Prince of Orange heads the Protestants in the Low-Countries 1572. Under whose Protection Holland throws off the Spanish Yoke and soon after Six more of the Provinces joyn with them and altogether conclude a solemn Union at V●recht 1579. Queen Elizabeth being at this time at War with Spain gives them assistance The famous Sea Fight at Lepanto wherein the Venetians kill 20000 Turks and sink 200 Galleys 1572. Henry III. King of France 1574. The Holy League in France began 1576. Rodolphus II. Emperor 1576. Sir Francis Drake Sails through the Magallonnie Streights thence over to the Phillipine Islands and the East-Indies and having encompass'd the whole Globe of the Earth returns to England 1580. Pope Gregory XIII Corrects the Calander 1582. William Prince of Orange Assassinated at Delft 1584. Succeeded by his Brother Maurice who for many Years maintain'd the War against the Spaniards The Spaniards with a mighty Armado attempt to invade England but are totally routed by the English 1588. Mary Queen of Scots beheaded in England 1587. Henry III. King of France is stab'd by Ia. Clement a Friar 1589. Henry IV. King of Navarre succeeds him 1589. Turns Roman Catholick restores the Peace of the Nation Years of Jes. Chr. Makes an Edict at Nants in favour of the Protestants 1598. Is stab'd by Ravillac 1610. Iames King of Scotland succeeds Queen Elizabeth in the Throne of England 1602. The Gun-powder Plot 1605. Philip III. King of Spain 1598. Peace made between Spain and Holland whereby the united Provinces are declar'd a free State 1609. Lewis XIII King of France 1610. Gustavus Adolphus the famous King of Sweden began to Reign 1611. Matthias King of Hungary and Bohemia elected Emperor 1612. Frederick Count Palatine of the Rhine Marries the Lady Elizabeth Daughter to King Iames of England 1612. Frederick II. chosen Emperor 1619. The Elector Palatine being chosen King of Bohemia is oppos'd by the Emperor and defeated in the Battle of Prague 1620. Philip IV. King of Spain 1621. The Elector Palatine outed of all his Dignity given to the Duke of Bavaria 1624. Great Wars in Germany ensued King Charles I. King of England succeeds his Father 1625. Henry Frederick Prince of Orange succeeds Maurice 1625. Cardinal Richelieu chief Minister in France He labours to ruine the Protestant Party and finally takes the City Rochel their chief Strength after a long Siege and vigorous Defence 1628. The renown'd Gustavus Adolphus after many victorious Acts in Germany Italy c. is slain at the Battle of Lutzen in Germany November 6 1632. Christina his Daughter succeeds him 1632. Count Tilly the Emperor's General famous for his Conquests in Bohemia Denmark and Germany died 1632. Portugal throws off the Spanish Yoke and receives Iohn Braganza of the ancient Royal Family for their King 1640. Ferdinand III. chosen Emperor 1637. The Rebellion and Massacre in Ireland 1641. King Charles by reason of the Factious disorders in London retires into the North is denied entrance into Hull 1642. Sets up his Standard at Nottingham Aug. 2. 1642. Lewis XIV the present King of France began to Reign being then but Five years old 1643. William II. Prince of Orange Father of his present Majesty of Great Britain succeeded his Father in all his Honours 1647. Peace among the Germans c. concluded at Munster in Westphalia 1648. The Civil War rages in England King Charles I. Martyr'd 164● The famous Rebellion at Naples on occasion of the grievous Excises headed by Thomas Aniello commonly call'd Massanello 1647. Oliver Cromwel usurps the Government of England under the Name of Protector 1651. The Prince of Orange dyes October 8. 1650.

Iugurtha is too minute and particular He should not have said so much to make the Bounds of the Kingdom of Atherbal and Iugurtha then in question What need was there to describe all that vast Country and to distinguish the particular Manners of so many different Nations Trogus charges Sallust and Livy and not without a great deal of Reason with a wanton and immoderate Excess of Harangues in their Histories And indeed all those Speeches we put in the Mouths of great Men carry with them an Air of Falshood for from what Memoirs can a Man pretend to have fetch'd them And besides a Warrior never speaks like an Orator Therefore Harangues are Supposititious as well as that which Sallust makes Catiline speak to the Conspirators which probably was secret and extemporary Most of Sallust's Harangues are always admirable but never to the purpose Nothing can be finer than Marius's Speech it is the soundest Piece of Morality in the World concerning a noble Birth every thing there is reasonable and Antiquity cannot boast of many Discourses where one may find so forcible Persuasions to Virtue but that is out of its proper Place And the Air with which he makes Cato and Caesar give their Opinions in the Senate himself as great as he is is little proportion'd to the rest of the History We ought to make the Picture of none but important Persons wherein Sallust is faulty for he gives us the Picture of Sempronius who is but indirectly concerned in the Conjuration of Catiline Sallust with all his Simplicity is too prolix when he inveighs against the Corruption and loose Manners of his Time he is always angry with his Country and always discontented with the Government He gives us too ill an Opinion of the Commonwealth by his Invectives and Reflections upon the Luxury of Rome Thus nothing can be more eloquent than the Description of the Condition Rome was in when Catiline took the Resolution of making himself Master of it And when that admirable Author represents the Commonwealth corrupted by Luxury and Avarice and sinking under the Weight of its own Greatness he uses the most exquisite and eloquent Expressions that can be met with in any History 'T is in those Images that a Man of Skill has an opportunity to shew it and the Historians of the first Rate are full of those fine Strokes Sallust's Preambles which are great Speeches full of Sense and manly Eloquence seem to me to carry with them an Air of Affectation They are generally Common Places that have no Relation to the History Perhaps this Author had some Pieces of Reserve which he employed upon occasion as Cicero us'd to do That Method may be good for an Orator who speaks often in Publick but such Precaution is not allowable in an Historian who is supposed to be Master of himself and of his time Among the Latins Sallust has a noble Expression a true Wit and an admirable Judgment No Person ever imitated so well the judicious exact and severe Stile of Thucidides He is sometimes stiff in his Expressions but he never flags his Conciseness makes him now and then obscure his Manners are always true and he gives Weight to all what he says His Sentiments are always fine although his Morals were bad For he continually declaims against Vice and always speaks well of Virtue I find him a little too morose and peevish with his own Country and too censorious upon his Neighbour but take him all together he is a very great Man IV. Titus Livius was of Padua and not of Apona as some have imagined Soon after he was come to Rome he got into the intimacy of all the great Persons of that Capital of the World which gave him an opportunity to take all the necessary Instructions for the Composition of his History which he Published under the Reign of the Emperor Augustus He wrote one part of it at Rome and the other at Naples where he sometimes retired to Study and give himself up intirely to his great Work His History reached from the Foundation of Rome to the Death of Drusus in Germany and contained 140 or 142 Books But we have but 35 of them left and those too by an additional Misfortune do not follow one another The second Decad is wanting We have only the first third and fourth with about a half of the fifth As for what we want we must be contented with the Epitome or Abridgment which Florus has made of it if so be that we can see without indignation a small imperfect Copy which has in some measure robb'd us of so great and compleat an Original For Abbreviators are generally charged as necessary to the loss of the Books which they Abridge Men are naturally lazy and are glad to meet with Epitomes to save themselves the trouble of reading great Volumes Thus the loss of Trogus Pompeius is laid upon Iustin and that of Dion Cassius upon Xiphiliuus because they have Epitomiz'd them There are a world of Learned Men that cry up to the Skies the Merit of Livy's History Vossius who relates all that has been said in his Commendation gives us in four words a fine Panegyrick upon that Author Nothing says he can be greater or richer than this Writer Nihil hoe Scriptore est grandius atque uberius We have remark'd somewhere in this Book that Alphonsus King of Arragon recovered of a very dangerous Fit of Sickness by the reading of Titus Livius But we have forgot one particular which does no less honour to that Author which is That this great King as an acknowledgment of his Recovery demanded of the City of Padua the Bone of the Arms wherewith that famous Historian had writ his History and having obtained his Requests this Wise Prince caused that Bone to be transported to Naples where he received it like a precious Relick However in the very Age he lived Asinius Pollio found fault with something in him which he calls Patavinity This Patavinity was a Country way of writing such as North-Country Men and others will have with respect to the English Tongue unless they live a considerable time in London or either of the Universities These was says Quintilian in Livy a Country way of Writing that betray'd his Birth at Padua and some Expressions which could never pass upon the Courtiers and Politest Men in Rome Some think it strange the Livy who was a Man of Wit should relate so many populous Reports which he did not believe at all himself as he always seems to in●inuate His History is full of Prodigies Now an Ox has spoken another time a Mule has ingendred and then again Men and Women Cocks and Hens have changed their Sex There rains nothing but Stones Flesh Chalk Blood and Milk The Statues of the Gods are said to have spoke wept or sweated Blood In short adds Mr. de la Mothe la Vayer how many Apparitions of Phantoms do we not find in him How many