black_a sea_n for_o fear_v of_o the_o guard_n which_o be_v always_o keep_v by_o the_o turk_n in_o the_o ancient_a ruin_n which_o they_o call_v aslan-korodick_a tawan_n be_v the_o great_a and_o easy_a passage_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o river_n not_o be_v above_o five_o hundred_o pace_n broad_a be_v all_o in_o one_o channel_n the_o last_o pass_v and_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nieper_n be_v oczacow_n where_o the_o river_n be_v three_o mile_n broad_a yet_o both_o the_o tartar_n and_o other_o pass_v it_o frequent_o in_o this_o manner_n they_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o flat-bottomed_a boat_n at_o the_o stern_a whereof_o they_o fasten_v across_o pole_n of_o a_o good_a length_n upon_o which_o they_o tie_v the_o head_n of_o their_o horse_n as_o many_o on_o the_o one_o side_n as_o the_o other_o to_o balance_v they_o they_o put_v their_o baggage_n in_o the_o boat_n and_o row_v it_o over_o and_o with_o it_o the_o horse_n the_o turk_n pass_v over_o in_o this_o manner_n forty_o thousand_o horse_n when_o the_o grand_a signior_n send_v to_o besiege_v azak_a or_o azow_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o don_n in_o the_o year_n 1643_o which_o the_o donski_n cosack_v have_v take_v from_o he_o the_o year_n before_o oucze_fw-mi sauram_fw-la or_o now_o koniecpolsky_n be_v the_o low_a habitation_n the_o polack_n have_v towards_o oczacow_n which_o be_v begin_v to_o be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1634._o oczacow_n call_v by_o the_o turk_n dziancrimenda_n be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o turkish_a galley_n lie_v to_o keep_v the_o entrance_n into_o the_o black_a sea_n there_o be_v no_o port_n but_o good_a anchorage_n the_o castle_n be_v well_o fortify_v the_o town_n not_o so_o well_o there_o be_v in_o it_o about_o two_o thousand_o inhabitant_n below_o that_o be_v a_o platform_n with_o good_a ordnance_n to_o guard_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n about_o three_o mile_n below_o oczacow_n be_v a_o haven_n call_v berezan_n upon_o a_o river_n call_v anczakrick_n it_o be_v sufficient_o deep_a for_o galley_n southward_o of_o that_o be_v two_o lake_n jesero_n teligol_n and_o kuialik_n both_o of_o they_o so_o abundant_a in_o fish_n that_o the_o water_n have_v no_o exit_n stink_v of_o they_o yet_o they_o come_v above_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o mile_n to_o fish_n there_o bielogrod_n be_v about_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n upon_o the_o river_n niester_n ancient_o call_v tyras_n by_o the_o turk_n kierman_n this_o town_n be_v under_o the_o turk_n as_o be_v also_o killa_n well_o fortify_v with_o a_o counterscarp_n the_o castle_n be_v above_o the_o town_n upon_o the_o danow_n opposite_a to_o it_o on_o the_o other_o bank_n of_o the_o danow_n be_v kiha_n where_o be_v see_v divers_a ancient_a ruin_n betwixt_o bielogrod_n and_o killa_n be_v the_o plain_n of_o budziack_n where_o the_o rebel_n or_o banditi_n tartar_n refuge_n themselves_o who_o acknowledge_v no_o superior_a either_o turk_n or_o cham_n they_o be_v always_o watch_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o poland_n to_o catch_v what_o christian_n they_o can_v and_o sell_v they_o to_o the_o turk_n of_o these_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o there_o be_v also_o many_o turkish_a village_n along_o the_o south-bank_n of_o the_o niester_n but_o all_o the_o country_n betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o danow_n as_o also_o betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o nieper_n be_v desert_n and_o be_v inhabitate_v by_o those_o tartar_n who_o there_o pasture_v their_o flock_n of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o such_o also_o be_v the_o vkrain_n till_o of_o late_a that_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o cosack_n have_v render_v it_o as_o fruitful_a as_o it_o be_v before_o desert_n we_o may_v judge_n of_o it_o by_o what_o monsieur_n beauplan_n say_v that_o in_o seventeen_o year_n that_o he_o live_v in_o that_o country_n himself_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o above_o fifty_o colony_n which_o in_o a_o few_o year_n sprout_v into_o above_o a_o thousand_o village_n but_o be_v so_o late_o plant_v the_o reader_n can_v expect_v we_o shall_v have_v much_o to_o inform_v he_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o give_v some_o account_n of_o animal_n which_o be_v almost_o proper_a to_o this_o country_n they_o have_v a_o beast_n which_o they_o call_v bobac_n anim._n anim._n not_o much_o unlike_o a_o guiny-pig_n they_o make_v hole_n in_o the_o earth_n whereinto_o they_o enter_v in_o october_n and_o come_v not_o abroad_o till_o april_n within_o they_o have_v many_o little_a apartment_n dispose_v several_o their_o provision_n their_o dead_a their_o lodging_n etc._n etc._n eight_o or_o nine_o family_n live_v together_o as_o in_o a_o city_n each_o have_v his_o particular_a habitation_n they_o be_v easy_o tame_v and_o be_v very_o gamesome_a in_o a_o house_n when_o they_o go_v to_o make_v their_o provision_n they_o set_v a_o sentinel_n who_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o spy_v any_o one_o give_v a_o signal_n by_o make_v a_o noise_n and_o they_o all_o haste_n to_o their_o cave_n many_o more_o thing_n be_v speak_v of_o these_o little_a creature_n as_o that_o they_o have_v slave_n and_o punishment_n etc._n etc._n sounaky_a a_o kind_n of_o goat_n be_v desire_v for_o his_o beautiful_a sattin-like_a fur_n and_o white_a shine_a smooth_a delicate_a horn_n he_o have_v no_o bone_n in_o his_o nose_n and_o can_v feed_v except_o he_o go_v backward_o thy_o have_v many_o wild_a horse_n but_o of_o no_o value_n only_o for_o their_o flesh_n which_o they_o sell_v in_o the_o market_n and_o think_v it_o better_o than_o beef_n or_o veal_n when_o these_o horse_n come_v to_o be_v old_a their_o hoof_n so_o straiten_v their_o foot_n be_v never_o pare_v that_o they_o can_v hardly_o go_v as_o if_o that_o beast_n be_v so_o make_v for_o man_n use_n that_o without_o his_o care_n he_o be_v unprofitable_a novissima_fw-la poloniae_fw-la regni_fw-la descriptio_fw-la nobiliss_n &_o tam_fw-la dignitate_fw-la â—…ueris_fw-la quan_fw-mi meritis_fw-la ac_fw-la patriam_fw-la honoratiis_fw-la viro_fw-la d._n no_o nicolao_n pahl_n in_fw-la celeberrimo_fw-la maris_fw-la balthici_n emporio_fw-la urbe_fw-la gedanensi_fw-la praeconsuli_n &_o vicepraesidi_fw-la bonarum_fw-la artium_fw-la patrono_fw-la ac_fw-la fautori_fw-la observantiae_fw-la ergò_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n poland_n polonia_n or_o poland_n call_v by_o the_o native_n polska_n take_v its_o name_n as_o some_o conjecture_n from_o pole_n which_o in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n here_o common_o speak_v signify_v a_o plain_a and_o champain_n country_n such_o as_o this_o kingdom_n for_o the_o most_o part_n consist_v of_o other_o suppose_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n from_o their_o first_o captain_n lechus_n or_o lachus_n be_v call_v po-lachi_a that_o be_v the_o posterity_n of_o lachus_n and_o by_o corruption_n polani_n and_o poloni_n impart_v their_o name_n to_o their_o country_n and_o in_o favour_n of_o this_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o they_o call_v themselves_o polacci_fw-la the_o italian_n polacchi_fw-la the_o russian_n greek_n and_o tartar_n call_v they_o lachi_n and_o lechitae_n the_o hungarian_n lengel_n probable_o for_o lechel_n the_o same_o with_o po-lachi_a but_o hartknoch_n find_v the_o bulanes_n place_v by_o ptolemy_n among_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o sarmatia_n and_o observe_v the_o poloni_n to_o be_v call_v bolani_n and_o bolanii_n by_o the_o german_a writer_n think_v he_o have_v make_v the_o fair_a discovery_n of_o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n nevertheless_o cromerus_n affirm_v that_o the_o present_a name_n either_o of_o the_o country_n or_o people_n have_v not_o be_v in_o use_n above_o nine_o hundred_o year_n certain_o in_o the_o time_n of_o alfred_n king_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n 880_o this_o country_n be_v call_v weonodland_n and_o before_o that_o by_o the_o roman_n general_o sarmatia_n as_o be_v the_o best_a know_a part_n of_o that_o great_a country_n only_o that_o branch_n of_o poland_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o weissel_n belong_v to_o old_a germany_n and_o as_o ptolemy_n acquaint_v we_o be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o aelvaeones_n the_o luti_fw-la omanni_n longi_fw-la diduni_n and_o luti_fw-la buri_n with_o other_o german_a colony_n by_o some_o writer_n the_o same_o be_v assign_v to_o vandalia_n and_o the_o vistula_n call_v vandalus_n have_v be_v for_o a_o time_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o vandal_n the_o people_n of_o poland_n be_v the_o undoubted_a offspring_n of_o the_o slavi_n slavini_n or_o slavonian_n seat_v in_o justinian_o time_n as_o jornandes_n relate_v on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n from_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o weasel_n to_o the_o niester_n and_o thence_o extend_v themselves_o westward_o to_o the_o danube_n and_o eastward_o to_o the_o euxin_n sea_n from_o which_o part_n they_o then_o make_v inundation_n into_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o their_o first_o expedition_n they_o be_v join_v with_o the_o antae_fw-la and_o vinidae_n or_o venedi_n or_o rather_o in_o
iron-mine_n and_o indifferent_a good_a store_n of_o corn_n it_o have_v but_o one_o city_n in_o it_o call_v gevalia_n commodious_o situate_v upon_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n half_o a_o day_n journey_n from_o kupferberg_n 2._o helsingia_n helsingia_n helsingia_n which_o be_v ancient_o a_o general_a name_n for_o all_o the_o northern_a province_n from_o the_o north-sea_n to_o the_o river_n vla_n and_o the_o lake_n vlatresk_n in_o the_o north_n of_o cajania_n as_o appear_v from_o some_o record_n of_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o telgis_n a._n 1328_o and_o a_o distinct_a kingdom_n of_o itself_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o king_n till_o the_o time_n of_o ingellus_fw-la the_o second_o king_n of_o vpsal_n so_o be_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n ancient_o style_v who_o at_o his_o coronation_n invite_v the_o king_n of_o helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n to_o the_o solemnity_n and_o after_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n set_v fire_n on_o the_o palace_n and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v their_o possession_n which_o ever_o after_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n have_v ancient_o a_o peculiar_a language_n of_o their_o own_o and_o also_o a_o alphabet_n altogether_o distinct_a from_o the_o runick_a as_o appear_v by_o several_a old_a monument_n find_v among_o they_o they_o be_v record_v to_o have_v fight_v many_o famous_a battle_n with_o their_o neighbour_n of_o finland_n carelia_n and_o cajania_n and_o after_o have_v drive_v some_o of_o their_o enemy_n as_o far_o as_o the_o sund_n in_o memory_n of_o their_o conquest_n and_o to_o eternize_v their_o name_n to_o have_v build_v the_o city_n helsingburg_n from_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v come_v the_o nylander_n who_o border_n upon_o carelia_n and_o use_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o speech_n to_o this_o day_n the_o native_n be_v general_o very_o hospitable_a and_o courteous_a to_o stranger_n of_o a_o docile_a and_o ingenious_a disposition_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n endeavour_v to_o be_v neat_a and_o handsome_a within_o door_n the_o whole_a country_n of_o helsingia_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o province_n 1._o helsingia_n proper_o so_o call_v helsingia_n helsingia_n heretofore_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o sundhede_v which_o have_v in_o it_o three_o lesser_a division_n alora_n through_o which_o run_v the_o river_n liusna_n sundhede_v in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o be_v the_o lake_n dil_n and_o nordstigh_a not_o far_o from_o the_o wood_n arskog_n the_o soil_n be_v indifferent_o fruitful_a for_o corn_n but_o chief_o for_o pasture_n the_o inhabitant_n most_o employ_v themselves_o in_o feed_v and_o manage_v their_o stock_n of_o cattle_n here_o be_v but_o one_o city_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n call_v hudingsvaldia_n remarkable_a for_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n butter_n hydes_n pitch_n rosin_n mast_n of_o ship_n and_o deal-board_n that_o be_v convey_v hence_o into_o other_o country_n 2._o medelpadia_n medelpadia_n medelpadia_n much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o helsingia_n but_o only_o it_o be_v narrow_a and_o abound_v more_o with_o wood_n and_o mountain_n in_o it_o be_v two_o river_n very_o full_a of_o fish_n some_o say_v the_o king_n of_o helsingia_n ancient_o reside_v here_o 3._o angermannia_n a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a angermannia_n angermannia_n yet_o in_o some_o place_n mountainous_a country_n the_o soil_n be_v so_o good_a and_o certain_a that_o though_o it_o bear_v corn_n plentiful_o it_o need_v not_o be_v manure_v above_o once_o in_o ten_o year_n it_o be_v divide_v in_o the_o middle_n into_o two_o part_n the_o northern_a and_o southern_a by_o a_o great_a wood_n which_o run_v all_o along_o from_o the_o ragged_a mountain_n scula_n and_o thence_o take_v its_o name_n water_v it_o be_v by_o only_o one_o river_n well_o store_v with_o salmon_n and_o other_o fish_n secure_v by_o one_o city_n name_v hernosandia_n yield_v the_o same_o commodity_n as_o hudingsvaldia_n only_o it_o afford_v no_o copper_n 4._o bothnia_n bothnia_n bothnia_n not_o so_o full_a of_o mountain_n as_o angermannia_n of_o a_o sandy_a and_o barren_a turf_n but_o well_o supply_v with_o fish_n and_o other_o commodity_n it_o have_v in_o it_o several_a river_n of_o considerable_a bigness_n which_o empty_a themselves_o into_o the_o bothnick-bay_n city_n here_o be_v none_o but_o this_o defect_n be_v supply_v by_o a_o frequency_n of_o market-town_n which_o be_v almost_o as_o numerous_a as_o the_o parish_n the_o advantage_n of_o this_o country_n be_v chief_o by_o the_o trade_n from_o the_o near_a part_n of_o lapland_n which_o be_v manage_v chief_o by_o the_o birkarli_n and_o all_o come_v to_o the_o seaside_n this_o way_n ii_o sueonia_n or_o sweden_n strict_o so_o take_v sueonia_n sueonia_n which_o contain_v in_o it_o these_o five_o province_n vplandia_n westmannia_n dalecarlia_n nericia_n and_o sudermannia_n dalecarliae_fw-la et_fw-la westmanniae_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la viro_fw-la illust_n mo_z d._n no_o petro_n julio_n coyet_n equite_v aurato_fw-la s._n r._n m._n sueciae_fw-la cosiliario_n aulico_fw-la scretario_n status_fw-la et_fw-la nunc_fw-la ad_fw-la confoederatos_fw-la belgas_n extra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la ablegato_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joh._n janssonius_n vplandia_n 2._o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o on_o the_o south_n or_o southeast_n of_o dalecarlia_n lie_v west_n or_o wester-mannia_a or_o westmannerland_n border_v upon_o upland_n and_o gestricia_n it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o several_a dale_n or_o division_n that_o be_v in_o it_o divide_v into_o three_o part_n viz._n oster_n wester_n and_n sun-dalia_a the_o soil_n be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o the_o mine_n very_o considerable_a afford_v steel_n iron_n copper_n lead_v and_o some_o vein_n of_o sulphur_n in_o great_a quantity_n than_o those_o of_o any_o other_o province_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n there_o be_v also_o a_o silver_n i_o discover_v and_o make_v use_v of_o at_o salberg_n the_o city_n here_o be_v three_o arosia_n arbogia_n and_o kope_v the_o chief_a of_o these_o be_v arosia_n or_o westeras_n a_o bishop_n seat_n where_o in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v several_a great_a stone_n with_o gothick_n inscription_n as_o there_o be_v likewise_o at_o stregnesia_n in_o this_o city_n the_o agreement_n by_o which_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v change_v from_o a_o elective_a to_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n be_v conclude_v ann_n 1540_o in_o the_o time_n of_o gustavus_n i._o and_o thence_o call_v pactum_fw-la arosiense_n the_o history_n be_v thus_o the_o swede_n not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n of_o christiern_n ii_o then_o king_n both_o of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n forsake_v their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o prince_n gustavus_n who_o have_v wonderful_o escape_v from_o his_o imprisonment_n in_o denmark_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o expel_v he_o their_o country_n and_o at_o last_o gain_v their_o former_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n whereupon_o to_o requite_v their_o general_n for_o this_o signal_n good_a he_o have_v do_v the_o public_a they_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o one_o canutus_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n and_o johannes_n gothus_n the_o pope_n legate_n ann_n 1523_o unanimous_o elect_v he_o king_n and_o consider_v how_o much_o it_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o have_v the_o succession_n ascertain_v to_o his_o issue_n they_o in_o the_o year_n 1540_o whole_o give_v up_o their_o power_n of_o elect_v their_o king_n for_o the_o future_a and_o by_o oath_n and_o solemn_a covenant_n settle_v the_o crown_n upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o which_o confidence_n of_o the_o people_n in_o their_o prince_n be_v justify_v in_o the_o event_n for_o the_o new_a king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o abuse_v his_o absolute_a power_n that_o in_o that_o very_a year_n he_o publish_v many_o law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o people_n 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d south_n of_o westmannia_n lie_v nericia_n a_o little_a but_o fruitful_a province_n yield_v good_a store_n of_o sulphur_n alum_n and_o vitriol_n some_o silver_n mine_n there_o be_v but_o not_o labour_v most_o of_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v smith_n who_o supply_v the_o whole_a country_n especial_o those_o that_o work_n in_o the_o mine_n with_o iron_n instrument_n of_o all_o sort_n here_o be_v one_o city_n name_v orebrogia_n 4._o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o south_n or_o southeast_n of_o nericia_n lie_v sudermannia_n or_o sudermanland_n have_v on_o the_o east_n the_o baltic_a sea_n ostrogothia_a on_o the_o south_n and_o the_o lake_n meller_n on_o the_o north._n it_o be_v famous_a for_o several_a city_n it_o contain_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v nicopia_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o sudermannia_n here_o also_o be_v the_o place_n for_o building_n of_o ship_n the_o workman_n be_v good_a and_o material_n cheap_a next_o to_o this_o be_v stregnesia_n a_o bishop_n seat_n with_o telga_n torsilia_n and_o trosa_n all_o commodious_a for_o
south_n part_n of_o westro-gothia_a the_o ground_n be_v so_o rich_a and_o fertile_a that_o thirty-six_a day_n after_o they_o have_v sow_o they_o reap_v their_o barley_n beast_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v here_o in_o great_a plenty_n beast_n beast_n as_o horse_n elk_n bear_n wild_a bull_n castor_n or_o beaver_n sables_n ermine_n martron_n etc._n etc._n sheep_n also_o and_o ox_n not_o only_o sufficient_a to_o supply_v the_o whole_a country_n but_o also_o to_o have_v great_a number_n transport_v out_o of_o finland_n schonen_fw-mi etc._n etc._n into_o other_o nation_n tree_n also_o be_v here_o in_o great_a abundance_n tree_n tree_n as_o fir_n pine_n birch_n juniper_n etc._n etc._n apple_n also_o and_o pear_n plumb_n and_o other_o fruit-tree_n and_o of_o late_a hop_n have_v be_v plant_v here_o the_o pine_n and_o fir_n which_o grow_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n be_v say_v to_o have_v in_o the_o summertime_n a_o kind_n of_o rosinous_n gum_n distil_v from_o they_o which_o fall_v into_o the_o baltic_a and_o bothnick_a sea_n and_o by_o the_o wave_n carry_v to_o the_o prussian_a shore_n have_v give_v occasion_n to_o some_o to_o ascribe_v to_o this_o the_o original_n of_o their_o amber_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v rather_o a_o coagulation_n of_o petroleum_n honey_n abound_v very_o much_o in_o this_o country_n not_o only_o preserve_v in_o hive_n in_o their_o garden_n but_o ordinary_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o wood_n wine_n have_v be_v sometime_o in_o such_o scarcity_n here_o that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v furnish_v for_o the_o communion_n to_o remedy_v which_o divers_a author_n report_n that_o p._n innocent_a viii_o ann_n '_o 1486_o give_v leave_v to_o the_o priest_n of_o norway_n and_o place_n under_o the_o same_o parallel_n to_o celebrate_v in_o some_o other_o liquor_n the_o air_n be_v of_o different_a temperature_n aâ—â—_n aâ—â—_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o clime_n for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v cold_a pure_a free_a from_o vapour_n and_o consequent_o healthful_a in_o those_o part_n near_o the_o bethnic_n and_o baltic_a coast_n it_o be_v frequent_o mud_v with_o sea_n and_o marish_a vapour_n serpent_n and_o venomous_a beast_n whatever_o some_o author_n say_v be_v not_o at_o all_o or_o very_o rare_o in_o these_o country_n but_o fowl_n and_o fish_n of_o all_o sort_n in_o so_o great_a abundance_n that_o even_o the_o peasant_n contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n be_v permit_v to_o catch_v and_o to_o make_v profit_n of_o they_o lake_n here_o be_v many_o and_o very_o large_a lâ—â—â—â—_n lâ—â—â—â—_n the_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a be_v 1._o meller_n in_o vpland_n well_o store_v with_o salmon_n pike_n and_o such_o like_a fish_n and_o in_o winter_n so_o hard_o freeze_v that_o it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o have_v market_n and_o fair_n keep_v upon_o it_o 2._o hielmer_n in_o nericia_n 3._o sitian_n in_o dalecarlia_n 4._o vener_n in_o westro-gothia_a a_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o forty_o in_o breadth_n have_v many_o island_n in_o it_o and_o twentyfour_o considerable_a river_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o norwegian_a mountain_n unburthen_v themselves_o into_o it_o all_o which_o have_v but_o one_o passage_n out_o call_v tralhetta_n i._n e_o the_o devil_n cap_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n 5._o veter_fw-la in_o the_o same_o province_n who_o water_n be_v so_o clear_a and_o calm_a that_o one_o may_v discern_v the_o bottom_n at_o a_o great_a depth_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o this_o lake_n be_v ancient_o found_v the_o monastery_n of_o st._n bridget_n the_o chief_a saint_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o of_o st._n catherine_n her_o daughter_n with_o several_a other_o noble_a building_n 6._o vlatraesch_n in_o cajania_n 7._o pejenda_fw-la in_o tavastia_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v 8._o ladoga_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o muscovy_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v by_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n cede_v by_o the_o muscovite_n to_o this_o crown_n all_o of_o they_o abound_v with_o fish_n the_o revenue_n of_o which_o make_v no_o small_a addition_n to_o the_o king_n exchequer_n from_o these_o lake_n arise_v many_o river_n râ—â—â—â—â—_n râ—â—â—â—â—_n run_v so_o orderly_o from_o one_o to_o another_o that_o they_o may_v seem_v like_o those_o in_o holland_n to_o have_v their_o channel_n cut_v and_o direct_v by_o art_n the_o first_o be_v dalecarle_n who_o head_n be_v in_o the_o dofrine_n mountain_n whence_o it_o fall_v into_o dalecarlia_n take_v in_o several_a lesser_a current_n at_o torsang_n and_o so_o part_v the_o province_n of_o upland_n and_o gestricia_n and_o at_o last_o fall_v into_o the_o bothnick_a bay_n 2._o saga_fw-la or_o sawe_n which_o divide_v vpland_n from_o westmannia_n 3._o angermannie_n which_o water_v angermannia_n and_o be_v note_v for_o its_o abundance_n of_o salmon_n with_o several_a other_o of_o lesser_a note_n mine_n in_o this_o country_n be_v very_o frequent_a mâ—â—â—â—_n mâ—â—â—â—_n as_o of_o silver_n copper_n iron_n lead_v alum_n vitriol_n sulphur_n etc._n etc._n every_o province_n almost_o afford_v some_o more_o or_o less_o where_o we_o shall_v make_v mention_n of_o they_o the_o great_a part_n belong_v to_o the_o subject_n yet_o some_o few_o be_v whole_o in_o the_o king_n possession_n workman_n be_v maintain_v and_o the_o whole_a revenue_n receive_v by_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o year_n 1264_o magnus_n laduslaus_n then_o king_n institute_v or_o rather_o re-establisht_a a_o society_n of_o miner_n to_o take_v care_n of_o all_o affair_n relate_v to_o the_o mine_n and_o to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n arise_v concern_v they_o these_o man_n in_o the_o year_n 1649_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n christina_n have_v many_o privilege_n grant_v to_o they_o and_o several_a new_a law_n make_v among_o they_o of_o which_o we_o find_v extant_a these_o viz._n if_o any_o subject_n discover_v a_o mine_n in_o his_o own_o ground_n of_o what_o metal_n soever_o the_o whole_a profit_n of_o it_o be_v to_o belong_v to_o he_o for_o six_o year_n after_o which_o time_n he_o be_v to_o pay_v ten_o to_o the_o king_n and_o if_o he_o maintain_v a_o forge_n to_o fit_v out_o for_o every_o hammer_n he_o keep_v one_o man_n and_o wagon_n in_o time_n of_o war_n for_o the_o king_n service_n from_o these_o mine_n come_v the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n in_o the_o year_n 1578_o two_o or_o three_o copper_n mine_n be_v say_v to_o have_v yield_v to_o the_o king_n exchequer_n above_o 500_o squipons_n every_o squipon_n be_v value_v at_o 30000_o dollar_n and_o other_o mine_n proportionable_o every_o year_n since_o of_o the_o government_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o swede_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v say_v at_o first_o to_o have_v be_v elect_v by_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n who_o never_o assemble_v but_o upon_o this_o occasion_n he_o who_o they_o common_o make_v the_o subject_n of_o their_o choice_n be_v of_o the_o royal_a line_n or_o some_o one_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o their_o own_o country_n and_o as_o some_o say_v among_o these_o caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la the_o tall_a and_o most_o personable_a the_o place_n where_o the_o election_n be_v perform_v be_v vpsal_n where_o they_o assemble_v and_o have_v agree_v who_o shall_v be_v their_o prince_n they_o go_v forth_o of_o the_o city_n to_o a_o place_n call_v moresten_n a_o small_a distance_n from_o it_o here_o be_v set_v in_o order_n thirteen_o large_a stone_n one_o in_o the_o middle_n whereon_o be_v place_v their_o new_a elect_a king_n the_o other_o twelve_o round_o it_o for_o the_o twelve_o senator_n where_o after_o some_o few_o ceremony_n a_o declaration_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o king_n etc._n etc._n they_o propose_v to_o he_o a_o oath_n that_o he_o will_v protect_v and_o administer_v justice_n to_o his_o people_n and_o the_o elector_n for_o themselves_o the_o absent_a nobility_n all_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n and_o all_o their_o posterity_n mutual_o engage_v that_o they_o will_v obey_v his_o law_n and_o bear_v faithful_a allegiance_n to_o he_o these_o rite_n perform_v the_o new_a king_n use_v to_o invite_v all_o his_o elector_n and_o noble_n to_o banquet_n where_o he_o himself_o wait_v on_o they_o and_o afford_v they_o great_a and_o splendid_a entertainment_n all_o which_o end_v with_o a_o solemn_a grace-cup_n call_v by_o they_o berga-beger_n these_o custom_n since_o under_o gustavus_n the_o first_o the_o kingdom_n be_v make_v hereditary_a be_v quite_o leave_v off_o and_o when_o the_o coronation_n be_v to_o be_v solemnize_v the_o noble_n and_o chief_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n meet_v at_o the_o king_n palace_n at_o vpsal_n whence_o they_o go_v to_o the_o metropolitan_a church_n in_o order_n the_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n carry_v the_o royal_a ornament_n the_o drotset_a or_o viceroy_n the_o crown_n the_o marshal_n the_o sword_n the_o admiral_n the_o sceptre_n the_o chancellor_n the_o golden_a globe_n the_o grand_a
and_o set_v up_o a_o government_n for_o himself_o in_o this_o province_n and_o helsingia_n which_o lie_v northward_o in_o suecia_n proper_o so_o call_v have_v on_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o medelpadia_n on_o the_o west_n the_o dofrine_a mountain_n on_o the_o north_n angermannia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n part_n of_o helsingia_n and_o medelpadia_n this_o province_n do_v ancient_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n though_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o olaus_n scotkonung_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v revolt_v from_o olaus_n crassus_n then_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o become_v tributary_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n in_o the_o year_n 1613_o by_o a_o peace_n conclude_v between_o the_o northern_a crown_n it_o be_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n yield_v up_o to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n but_o a._n 1642_o repossess_v by_o the_o swede_n pontanus_n in_o his_o map_n of_o scandia_n reckon_v up_o some_o place_n of_o note_n in_o it_o viz._n alsne_n ronvere_n aus_n lidh_n hamer-dal_a vndersaker_n oviken_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o olaus_n magnus_n this_o province_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o vpsal_n near_o a_o small_a village_n in_o this_o country_n there_o be_v say_v messenius_n several_a large_a stone_n with_o gothick_n inscription_n which_o be_v a_o prophesy_n of_o what_o for_o the_o future_a will_v befall_v the_o scandian_o 5._o herrndalia_n herrndalia_n herrndalia_n call_v by_o pontanus_n herdalia_n and_o by_o most_o author_n reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o helsingia_n contain_v the_o territory_n of_o nomedal_n hellegeland_n frostena_n indera_fw-la heroa_fw-la with_o some_o other_o all_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o diocese_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o nidrosia_n and_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o finnic_a and_o bothnic_a bay_n and_o the_o swedish_n island_n contain_v in_o they_o the_o baltic_a sea_n sea_n the_o baltic_a sea_n so_o call_v say_v pontanus_n from_o the_o saxon_a and_o english_a word_n belt_n because_o it_o encompass_v the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o belt_n or_o girdle_n or_o as_o jornandes_n will_v have_v it_o from_o baltia_n or_o basilia_n i_o e._n queen_n of_o island_n the_o ancient_a greek_a name_n of_o scandia_n or_o scandinavia_n or_o as_o adam_n bremensis_n be_v of_o opinion_n from_o the_o wisogoth_n who_o inhabit_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o it_o usual_o call_v balt_n i_o e._n a_o stout_a and_o valiant_a people_n be_v the_o large_a of_o any_o sea_n in_o europe_n except_o the_o mediterranean_a contain_v in_o it_o five_o and_o thirty_o island_n of_o considerable_a bigness_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o lesser_a note_n the_o whole_a bay_n as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n be_v call_v by_o mela_n sinus_n codanus_n q._n gothanus_fw-la or_o gothicus_fw-la from_o gothia_n that_o border_n upon_o it_o or_o caudanus_n from_o cauda_fw-la because_o it_o come_v from_o the_o main_a ocean_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o tail_n of_o a_o beast_n by_o strabo_n the_o venedic_n bay_n from_o the_o venedae_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n who_o live_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o it_o and_o by_o the_o dane_n and_o swede_n the_o oost-zee_n because_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o eric_n eigod_n king_n of_o denmark_n the_o dane_n who_o go_v pilgrimage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n use_v to_o pass_v into_o russia_n and_o the_o eastern_a part_n by_o this_o sea_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o narrow_a place_n call_v the_o sund_n and_o interlace_v the_o country_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n germany_n and_o some_o part_n of_o poland_n extend_v itself_o to_o livonia_n and_o lithvania_n it_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o passage_n by_o which_o the_o ocean_n flow_v into_o it_o or_o because_o of_o its_o northerly_a situation_n whereby_o the_o celestial_a influence_n have_v less_o power_n over_o it_o never_o ebb_v nor_o flow_v from_o the_o several_a country_n and_o place_n that_o it_o wash_v it_o have_v diverse_a name_n give_v it_o and_o be_v distinguish_v into_o different_a bay_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v 1._o bay_n the_o bothnic_a bay_n the_o bothnic_a bay_n count_v from_o the_o island_n alandia_n northward_o to_o the_o river_n kimi_n which_o fall_v into_o it_o at_o the_o very_o further_a cape_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o both_o signify_v in_o the_o swedish_n language_n a_o fenny_a country_n or_o a_o land_n overflow_v with_o water_n 2._o bay_n the_o finnic_a bay_n the_o finnic_a bay_n so_o call_v from_o the_o principality_n of_o finland_n which_o it_o water_n some_o will_v have_v the_o sinus_n venedicus_n of_o strabo_n and_o the_o mare_n amalchium_n of_o pliny_n particular_o to_o denote_v this_o bay_n the_o swedish_n island_n in_o this_o sea_n concern_v those_o that_o be_v under_o the_o danish_a power_n see_v denmark_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o most_o southerly_a first_o be_v 1._o rugen_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o pomeren_n give_v to_o the_o swede_n by_o the_o great_a treaty_n of_o peace_n at_o munster_n and_o osnaburg_n a._n d._n 1649._o of_o which_o consult_v the_o volume_n of_o germany_n 2._o bornholm_n be_v situate_a more_o northward_o than_o rugen_n and_o lie_v opposite_a to_o blekingia_n it_o have_v one_o city_n in_o it_o name_v santwyk_n and_o thirty-two_a small_a village_n this_o island_n be_v by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n hold_v at_o copenhagen_n a._n d._n 1660_o give_v up_o to_o the_o dane_n under_o certain_a condition_n of_o which_o mention_n be_v make_v in_o denmark_n 3._o huena_n or_o hueen_n a_o very_a small_a island_n in_o the_o oresundic_n bay_n famous_a for_o the_o city_n vraniburg_n build_v by_o that_o excellent_a mathematician_n tycho_n brahe_n where_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v 55_o deg_fw-la 54_o min._n this_o isle_n be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o forementioned_a peace_n conclude_v betwixt_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n a._n d._n 1660._o 4._o vtklippa_n 5._o vtlengia_n both_o lie_v over_o against_o blekingia_n 6._o oelandia_n a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a island_n in_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o best_a breed_n of_o horse_n that_o be_v in_o all_o the_o swedish_n dominion_n this_o island_n a._n d._n 1526_o be_v take_v by_o christiern_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o short_o after_o regain_v by_o gustavus_n i._o king_n of_o sweden_n a._n d._n 1613_o it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n and_o ever_o since_o retain_v by_o the_o swede_n see_v more_o concern_v it_o among_o the_o province_n of_o gothia_n 7._o gotland_n lie_v over_o against_o ostrogothia_a in_o length_n seventy-two_a mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n twenty_o for_o a_o long_a time_n almost_o tear_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o continual_a arm_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n till_o 1648_o by_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o christina_n queen_n of_o swedeland_n and_o christiern_n iv_o of_o denmark_n it_o with_o the_o city_n wisbuy_n of_o which_o see_v among_o the_o gothic_a province_n be_v whole_o yield_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o they_o as_o a_o perpetual_a possession_n 8._o oselia_n call_v by_o pliny_n oserica_n opposite_a to_o liefland_n and_o reckon_v by_o some_o as_o a_o district_n of_o esthonia_n fifty-six_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o twenty-eight_a in_o breadth_n in_o it_o be_v the_o city_n arnsburg_n fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n 9_o daghoe_n dachden_n or_o dagheroort_n part_v from_o oselia_n by_o a_o very_a narrow_a bay_n 10._o alandia_n lie_v in_o the_o middle_a sea_n betwixt_o it_o and_o upland_n reckon_v by_o some_o as_o a_o part_n of_o finland_n in_o it_o be_v the_o fort_n castleholm_n 11._o hogland_n in_o the_o finnic_a bay_n with_o severalother_n of_o less_o note_n and_o importance_n regni_fw-la daniae_fw-la accuratissima_fw-la delineato_fw-la nobilissimo_fw-la amplissimo_fw-la consultissimoque_fw-la viro_fw-la d._n gerardo_n schaep_v i._n v._o d._n inclyti_fw-la et_fw-la celeberrimi_fw-la ansterodamensium_fw-la emporii_fw-la consuli_fw-la ac_fw-la senatori_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la serenissimos_fw-la sveciae_fw-la daniaque_fw-la reges_fw-la legato_n dignissimo_fw-la fidelissimo_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n denmark_n saxo_n grammaticus_n deduce_v the_o name_n of_o denmark_n danmark_n or_o dania_n from_o dan_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o son_n of_o humblus_n a_o prince_n of_o these_o part_n many_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o our_o saviour_n this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a tradition_n among_o the_o dane_n and_o be_v confirm_v by_o one_o of_o the_o old_a chronicle_n of_o their_o king_n publish_v by_o wormius_n out_o of_o a_o manuscript_n copy_n of_o the_o scanian_a law_n write_v in_o runick_a character_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o which_o we_o read_v dan_o heet_n den_fw-mi force_v cunung_a i_o danmurk_n der_fw-mi var_fw-mi fore_fw-la christus_fw-la borth_z of_o hannom_n call_v be_v danmurk_n i._n e._n the_o first_o
come_n of_o the_o asian_o into_o these_o part_n say_v odin_n or_o woden_n the_o great_a captain_n of_o the_o asae_n spread_v his_o language_n over_o saxony_n as_o well_o as_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n add_v further_o that_o within_o awhile_o the_o asian_a tongue_n be_v general_o speak_v in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a country_n the_o strong_a argument_n to_o prove_v a_o difference_n between_o this_o tongue_n and_o the_o old_a teutonic_n may_v be_v have_v from_o a_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o various_a phrase_n and_o propriety_n of_o speech_n use_v in_o both_o of_o they_o but_o when_o we_o consider_v how_o much_o the_o idiom_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a dutch_a differ_v and_o how_o vast_o the_o syntax_n of_o our_o english_a language_n be_v alter_v from_o the_o danish_a and_o german_a we_o shall_v have_v reason_n to_o confess_v before_o we_o pronounce_v these_o last_o two_o distinct_a primitive_a language_n that_o time_n be_v able_a strange_o to_o alter_v the_o physiognomy_n of_o tongue_n as_o well_o as_o man_n however_o the_o dispute_n be_v like_o short_o to_o have_v a_o end_n and_o the_o dane_n will_v in_o a_o little_a while_n if_o they_o do_v not_o already_o speak_v good_a dutch._n for_o the_o german_a tongue_n be_v now_o ordinary_o speak_v in_o copenhagen_n and_o most_o of_o the_o chief_a trade_n city_n in_o denmark_n to_o let_v pass_v the_o story_n of_o king_n dan_n government_n government_n who_o some_o historian_n make_v to_o reign_v in_o this_o kingdom_n three_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o unquestionable_a testimony_n of_o the_o best_a roman_a writer_n that_o denmark_n be_v a_o monarchy_n in_o the_o consulship_n of_o catulus_n and_o marius_n near_o a_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n afterward_o we_o have_v a_o certain_a account_n of_o gothric_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a from_o who_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n be_v descend_v in_o a_o lineal_a succession_n except_o what_o pontanus_n seem_v not_o to_o allow_v of_o the_o line_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n fail_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n christopher_n iii_o a._n d._n 1448_o the_o power_n of_o the_o danish_a nobility_n in_o council_n be_v exceed_o great_a but_o not_o so_o large_a as_o to_o make_v the_o supreme_a government_n aristocratical_a some_o will_v argue_v that_o the_o noble_n be_v above_o the_o king_n since_o it_o be_v well_o know_v they_o deny_v to_o crown_n frederic_n ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1559_o till_o he_o have_v swear_v never_o to_o pretend_v to_o be_v able_a by_o his_o own_o authority_n to_o put_v any_o nobleman_n to_o death_n from_o this_o and_o some_o other_o like_o instance_n bodinus_fw-la endeavour_n to_o prove_v the_o king_n of_o denmark_n petty_a prince_n rather_o than_o absolute_a monarch_n not_o remember_v that_o even_o in_o france_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n it_o have_v always_o be_v think_v requisite_a for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o people_n that_o every_o king_n at_o his_o coronation_n shall_v make_v some_o solemn_a vow_n to_o maintain_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o privilege_n of_o his_o country_n and_o subject_n and_o if_o in_o the_o case_n mention_v the_o nobility_n of_o denmark_n require_v their_o king_n to_o lay_v a_o strict_a obligation_n on_o himself_o than_o be_v usual_a the_o performance_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o not_o constrain_v the_o subject_n may_v possible_o upon_o the_o king_n refusal_n to_o gratify_v they_o have_v rebel_v against_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n but_o can_v not_o just_o have_v compel_v he_o to_o a_o compliance_n before_o the_o year_n 1660_o king_n king_n the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n be_v not_o as_o norway_n hereditary_a but_o elective_a yet_o so_o that_o the_o senator_n usual_o choose_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o their_o king_n who_o thenceforward_o be_v style_v the_o prince_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n son_n have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n and_o heir_n of_o norway_n the_o election_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v common_o have_v in_o this_o solemn_a manner_n as_o many_o of_o the_o noble_n as_o be_v senator_n and_o have_v power_n to_o give_v their_o voice_n agree_v upon_o some_o convenient_a place_n in_o the_o field_n where_o seat_v themselves_o in_o a_o circle_n upon_o so_o many_o great_a stone_n they_o give_v their_o vote_n this_o do_v they_o place_v their_o new_a elect_a monarch_n in_o the_o middle_n upon_o a_o stone_n high_o than_o the_o rest_n and_o salute_v he_o king_n in_o seland_n to_o this_o day_n there_o be_v such_o a_o company_n of_o stone_n which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o kongstolen_a or_o the_o king_n seat_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n tell_v we_o the_o same_o story_n of_o a_o great_a stone_n call_v by_o the_o vicenage_n morastaen_n near_o vpsal_n in_o sweden_n near_a st._n buriens_fw-la in_o cornwall_n in_o a_o place_n which_o the_o cornish-man_n call_v biscow-woune_a be_v to_o be_v see_v nineteen_o stone_n set_v in_o a_o round_a circle_n distant_a every_o one_o about_o twelve_o foot_n from_o the_o other_o and_o in_o the_o very_a centre_n one_o pitch_v far_o high_a and_o great_a than_o the_o rest_n this_o cambden_n fancy_n to_o have_v be_v some_o trophy_n erect_v by_o the_o roman_n under_o the_o late_a emperor_n or_o else_o by_o athelstane_n the_o saxon_a when_o he_o have_v subdue_v cornwall_n and_o bring_v it_o under_o his_o dominion_n but_o wormius_n more_o probable_o guess_n that_o in_o this_o place_n some_o danish_a or_o saxon_a king_n be_v elect_v by_o his_o follower_n and_o i_o conceive_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o long_n meg_n and_o her_o daughter_n near_o little_a salkeld_n in_o cumberland_n but_o to_o return_v to_o denmark_n of_o late_a year_n the_o dane_n in_o their_o election_n have_v follow_v the_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n till_o frederic_n iii_o in_o the_o year_n 1660_o who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o venture_v to_o exercise_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o absolute_a prince_n and_o to_o shake_v off_o the_o dependence_n his_o ancestor_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v upon_o the_o good_a will_n of_o their_o subject_n procure_v with_o fair_a word_n and_o threat_n a_o law_n to_o be_v establish_v that_o for_o the_o future_a the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n shall_v immediate_o upon_o the_o king_n death_n descend_v upon_o his_o lawful_a heir_n whereupon_o the_o present_a king_n christian_n v._o be_v the_o same_o night_n his_o father_n die_v without_o any_o previous_a election_n or_o consent_v ask_v of_o the_o nobility_n proclaim_v king_n the_o rite_n of_o coronation_n be_v usual_o perform_v at_o copenhagen_n where_o the_o king_n be_v anoint_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o roschild_n the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v publish_v king_n catalogue_n of_o their_o king_n be_v so_o imperfect_a and_o contradictory_n one_o to_o another_o that_o it_o be_v utter_o impossible_a to_o give_v a_o exact_a catalogue_n of_o their_o king_n saxon_a grammaticus_n who_o live_v say_v stephanus_n in_o the_o twelve_o century_n have_v make_v a_o shift_n to_o collect_v a_o great_a many_o story_n out_o of_o the_o scatter_a fragment_n of_o old_a runic_a inscription_n and_o ancient_a ballad_n and_o to_o relate_v they_o in_o a_o better_a method_n and_o stile_n than_o can_v be_v well_o expect_v from_o the_o age_n he_o live_v in_o but_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o best_a he_o meet_v with_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v of_o more_o authority_n than_o such_o venerable_a scrap_n of_o chronicle_n as_o be_v publish_v by_o wormius_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o monumenta_fw-la danica_n and_o see_v how_o these_o two_o run_v counter_a it_o be_v hard_o to_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o the_o relation_n he_o give_v we_o and_o yet_o as_o difficult_a to_o provide_v ourselves_o of_o a_o better_a the_o first_o rational_a account_n give_v we_o of_o any_o of_o the_o danish_a king_n which_o we_o may_v safe_o rely_v upon_o for_o truth_n be_v in_o our_o english_a chronicle_n which_o as_o the_o learned_a sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o a_o epistle_n to_o ol._n rosecrantz_n former_o danish_a ambassador_n in_o england_n treat_v more_o full_o and_o clear_o of_o the_o affair_n of_o denmark_n than_o any_o of_o the_o danish_a historian_n wherefore_o omit_v the_o relation_n give_v of_o dan_fw-mi humblus_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o heathen_a king_n as_o either_o false_a or_o frivolous_a we_o shall_v content_v ourselves_o with_o a_o short_a register_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n since_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o 1._o harald_n be_v beat_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n by_o his_o brother_n reinferd_n accomplice_n flee_v to_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n for_o help_v who_o assist_v he_o in_o regain_n of_o his_o crown_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v forsake_v his_o idolatry_n and_o turn_v
for_o many_o of_o they_o to_o be_v dub_v knight_n upon_o any_o considerable_a piece_n of_o service_n do_v their_o king_n or_o country_n the_o dane_n call_v their_o knight_n ridders_n i._n e._n equites_fw-la rider_n and_o all_o their_o offspring_n have_v the_o title_n of_o riddersmens_n man_n the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o knighthood_n in_o denmark_n elephant_n knight_n of_o the_o elephant_n be_v that_o of_o the_o elephant_n of_o which_o we_o can_v have_v a_o better_a account_n than_o be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o learned_a elias_n ashmole_n esquire_n windsor_n herald_n at_o arm_n in_o his_o famous_a work_n of_o the_o institution_n law_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n p._n 120._o observe_v say_v he_o some_o difference_n among_o writer_n touch_v the_o institution_n collar_n and_o ensign_n of_o this_o order_n i_o be_v in_o doubt_n what_o to_o say_v till_o at_o length_n i_o haply_o meet_v with_o better_a satisfaction_n from_o a_o letter_n write_v in_o the_o year_n 1537_o by_o avo_fw-la belde_n bishop_n of_o arhusen_n sometime_o chancellor_n to_o john_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n unto_o john_n fris_n chancellor_n to_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o a_o copy_n whereof_o be_v communicate_v to_o i_o by_o mounseur_fw-fr cristoftle_a lindenow_n envoy_n from_o christian_a the_o five_o now_o king_n of_o denmark_n to_o his_o sacred_a majesty_n the_o present_a sovereign_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n this_o letter_n inform_v he_o of_o the_o institution_n and_o some_o other_o particular_n relate_v to_o the_o order_n to_o wit_n that_o king_n christian_n the_o first_o be_v at_o rome_n whither_o he_o have_v travel_v upon_o a_o religious_a account_n pope_n sixtus_n the_o four_o among_o other_o honour_n invest_v he_o with_o this_o order_n in_o memory_n of_o the_o passion_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o saviour_n and_o withal_o ordain_v that_o the_o dignity_n of_o chief_a and_o supreme_a shall_v be_v continue_v as_o a_o successive_a right_n to_o the_o succeed_a king_n of_o denmark_n this_o king_n found_v the_o magnificent_a chapel_n of_o the_o three_o king_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n at_o roschild_n four_o league_n from_o copenhagen_n where_o the_o knight_n be_v oblige_v to_o assemble_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o any_o of_o their_o fraternity_n he_o also_o admit_v thereinto_o divers_a king_n prince_n and_z noblemen_z the_o chief_a ensign_n of_o this_o order_n be_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o elephant_n on_o who_o side_n within_o a_o rundle_n be_v represent_v a_o crown_n of_o thorn_n with_o three_o nail_n all_o bloody_a in_o honour_n and_o memory_n of_o the_o passion_n of_o our_o bless_a saviour_n the_o knight_n be_v oblige_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o act_n of_o piety_n alms-deed_n and_o certain_a ceremony_n especial_o upon_o those_o day_n on_o which_o they_o wear_v the_o ensign_n of_o the_o order_n but_o king_n john_n set_v so_o high_a a_o value_n upon_o it_o that_o he_o wear_v they_o on_o every_o solemn_a festival_n he_o also_o advance_v the_o honour_n of_o this_o order_n to_o so_o great_a esteem_n that_o it_o become_v accept_v by_o both_o our_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_z james_z the_o five_o of_o scotland_n his_o sister_n son_n with_o who_o the_o ensign_n thereof_o remain_v as_o a_o pledge_n and_o assurance_n of_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a friendship_n with_o these_o he_o likewise_o invest_v divers_a ambassador_n senators_z and_o noble_a dane_n there_o be_v one_o ivarus_fw-la nicholai_n hertholm_n a_o learned_a dane_n as_o i_o be_o inform_v who_o have_v write_v a_o particular_a treatise_n of_o the_o elephantine_n order_n but_o not_o yet_o print_v the_o scope_n whereof_o be_v to_o show_v that_o the_o before_o mention_v epistle_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o arhusen_n do_v not_o sufficient_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o it_o receive_v its_o first_o institution_n when_o christian_a the_o first_o have_v those_o many_o honour_n confer_v on_o he_o by_o pope_n sixtus_n the_o four_o and_o that_o the_o badge_n be_v a_o ensign_n mere_o military_a ancient_o give_v as_o a_o memorial_n and_o incitement_n to_o the_o danish_a prince_n who_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o defence_n of_o christianity_n against_o the_o moor_n and_o african_n it_o be_v great_o presume_v that_o this_o book_n which_o we_o hope_v may_v short_o be_v publish_v will_v furnish_v the_o world_n with_o many_o choice_a thing_n relate_v to_o the_o antiquity_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o institution_n ensign_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o royal_a order_n heretofore_o the_o knight_n wear_v a_o collar_n of_o gold_n compose_v of_o elephant_n and_o cross_n fashion_v something_o like_o cross_n ancree_n mennenius_n call_v they_o spur_n at_o which_o hang_v the_o picture_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n to_o the_o middle_n hold_v christ_n in_o her_o arm_n and_o surround_v with_o a_o glory_n of_o sunbeam_n but_o they_o have_v long_o since_o lay_v this_o collar_n aside_o and_o now_o wear_v only_o a_o blue_a ribbon_n at_o which_o hang_v a_o elephant_n enamel_v white_a adorn_v with_o five_o large_a diamond_n set_v in_o the_o middle_n those_o elephant_n wear_v by_o the_o knight_n in_o the_o day_n of_o christian_a the_o four_o have_v in_o the_o same_o place_n within_o a_o circle_n the_o letter_n c_o and_o in_o the_o heart_n thereof_o the_o figure_n of_o 4_o make_v to_o signify_v christianus_n quartus_fw-la this_o honour_n have_v most_o common_o be_v confer_v by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n on_o the_o day_n of_o their_o coronation_n both_o upon_o the_o noble_n and_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o seem_v frederic_n the_o three_o bring_v into_o use_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n a_o embroider_v glory_n of_o silver_n pearl_n wrought_v upon_o the_o left_a side_n of_o their_o cloak_n or_o vest_n on_o which_o be_v embroider_v two_o crown_n within_o a_o rundle_n bear_v this_o motto_n deus_fw-la providebit_fw-la for_o such_o a_o one_o do_v count_n 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themselves_o sit_v in_o the_o throne_n they_o can_v easy_o obtain_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o elector_n to_o choose_v a_o son_n nephew_n or_o other_o relation_n to_o be_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n which_o at_o last_o be_v grow_v customary_a prove_v almost_o as_o considerable_a kindness_n to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n as_o if_o they_o have_v entail_v the_o empire_n upon_o that_o family_n for_o das_fw-la heilige_v romische_n reich_n or_o the_o holy_a roman_a kingdom_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o german_a tongue_n as_o the_o sacred_a empire_n and_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o choose_v any_o prince_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o to_z elect_v he_o emperor_n of_o duke_n count_n and_o other_o order_n of_o nobility_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n though_o the_o ancient_a german_n have_v little_a or_o no_o magistracy_n among_o they_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n duke_n duke_n yet_o both_o julius_n cesar_n and_o tacitus_n agree_v in_o this_o that_o whenever_o they_o be_v engage_v 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with_o the_o state_n of_o germany_n assure_v we_o they_o have_v no_o such_o authority_n they_o can_v indeed_o give_v counsel_n and_o order_n to_o the_o soldier_n but_o have_v no_o power_n to_o punish_v offender_n or_o correct_v the_o obstinate_a for_o in_o all_o probability_n there_o be_v not_o any_o manner_n of_o judge_n in_o the_o land_n that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o sentence_v any_o offender_n to_o death_n when_o any_o controversy_n arise_v among_o the_o commonalty_n graven_n count_n or_o graven_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o choose_v a_o judge_n out_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o village_n where_o the_o quarrel_n begin_v these_o kind_n of_o judge_n they_o call_v grafen_n or_o graven_n and_o their_o office_n be_v to_o determine_v all_o trifle_a dispute_n in_o their_o neighbourhood_n meibomius_n in_o his_o learned_a tract_n of_o irmensul_n tell_v we_o that_o all_o germany_n be_v ancient_o divide_v into_o village_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n gouwen_v and_o that_o each_o of_o these_o have_v their_o peculiar_a judge_n thence_o name_v gowgraven_v ein_fw-mi graff_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o glossary_a upon_o the_o saxon_a spiegel_n bedeut_n nach_n altem_fw-la sachsischen_n deutschen_n ein_fw-mi richter_n i._n e._n graf_n signify_v a_o judge_n in_o the_o old_a saxon_a language_n die_v graven_n signify_v proper_o the_o grey_a head_a or_o elder_n of_o the_o people_n whence_o our_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o the_o thirtyfifth_a chapter_n of_o his_o law_n afterward_o confirm_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o low_a dutch_a greve_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o with_o the_o english_a eoldenman_n now_o alderman_n this_o be_v the_o ancient_a state_n of_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n in_o germany_n before_o the_o roman_n overrun_v some_o part_n of_o that_o land_n but_o whatever_o come_v into_o their_o hand_n be_v immediate_o divide_v into_o province_n and_o govern_v as_o they_o themselves_o please_v whence_o deuce_n and_o comites_fw-la be_v create_v by_o they_o in_o several_a place_n but_o such_o as_o have_v another_o kind_n of_o power_n commit_v to_o they_o then_o the_o aforesaid_a hertzogen_fw-mi and_o graven_n can_v pretend_v to_o in_o roman_a historian_n we_o meet_v with_o a_o great_a many_o of_o this_o sort_n such_o as_o dux_n germaniae_fw-la primae_fw-la dux_n moguntiacensis_fw-la dux_n sequanicae_n dux_n rhetiae_n primae_fw-la &_o secundae_fw-la dux_n belgicae_fw-la secundae_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n speak_v of_o one_o carietto_n who_o he_o call_v comes_fw-la per_fw-la utramque_fw-la germaniam_fw-la these_o have_v authority_n to_o raise_v tax_n and_o be_v invest_v with_o many_o other_o privilege_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o the_o other_o want_v but_o the_o roman_n have_v never_o get_v any_o considerable_a foot_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o rhine_n can_v not_o fix_v any_o of_o their_o fashion_n of_o government_n in_o the_o northern_a
of_o lechus_n the_o first_o other_o think_v it_o the_o same_o with_o ptolomey_n carodunum_fw-la corrupt_v into_o cracow_n this_o city_n as_o it_o be_v the_o large_a so_o it_o be_v the_o best_a build_v of_o any_o one_o in_o poland_n cromer_n set_v it_o in_o competition_n with_o the_o best_a build_v city_n of_o germany_n or_o italy_n but_o we_o must_v allow_v he_o to_o stretch_v a_o little_a more_o than_o ordinary_a in_o commendation_n of_o his_o own_o country_n the_o house_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o freestone_n and_o four_o or_o five_o story_n high_a but_o cover_v with_o board_n instead_o of_o slat_n there_o be_v in_o it_o a_o considerable_a company_n of_o italian_a and_o german_a merchant_n who_o bring_v in_o such_o foreign_a ware_n as_o the_o country_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o it_o consist_v like_a london_n and_o paris_n of_o three_o part_n 1._o cracow_n proper_o so_o call_v or_o the_o ancient_a city_n 2._o cazimiria_n join_v to_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o wooden_a bridge_n across_o the_o vistula_n 3._o stradomia_fw-la which_o lie_v between_o cracow_n and_o the_o bridge_n the_o king_n palace_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n whence_o it_o overlook_v both_o city_n and_o country_n it_o be_v rebuilt_a in_o the_o magnificent_a posture_n it_o now_o stand_v by_o sigismond_n the_o elder_a who_o add_v the_o gallery_n on_o the_o north_n side_n from_o whence_o you_o have_v one_o of_o the_o best_a prospect_n in_o europe_n the_o university_n of_o cracow_n be_v first_o begin_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a finish_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n in_o performance_n of_o the_o last_o will_v and_o testament_n of_o his_o queen_n hedwig_n and_o have_v its_o privilege_n confirm_v to_o it_o by_o pope_n vrban_n in_o the_o year_n 1549_o the_o scholar_n of_o cracow_n by_o a_o general_a consent_n leave_v the_o university_n upon_o a_o affront_n put_v on_o they_o by_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n who_o refuse_v to_o execute_v justice_n upon_o the_o servant_n of_o andrew_n czarnkowski_n when_o in_o a_o quarrel_n they_o have_v slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o student_n and_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n whence_o return_v lutheran_n they_o spread_v the_o reform_a opinion_n all_o poland_n over_o and_o get_v great_a number_n of_o proselyte_n upon_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n in_o this_o kingdom_n miecislaus_fw-la the_o first_o who_o begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 964_o cracow_n be_v make_v a_o archbishopric_n but_o within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o lampert_n zula_n refuse_v to_o receive_v his_o pall_n from_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n as_o his_o predecessor_n have_v do_v before_o he_o it_o degenerate_v into_o a_o bishopric_n afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a which_o begin_v a.d._n 1226_o asleep_o contest_v arise_v between_o jvo_n bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o vratislaw_n about_o precedency_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n upon_o his_o submissive_a appeal_n to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n be_v again_o restore_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o archbishop_n which_o only_o last_v during_o his_o life_n at_o this_o day_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n wear_v a_o archbishops_n pall_n set_v rich_o with_o jewel_n which_o be_v the_o only_a relic_n they_o have_v of_o their_o ancient_a honour_n the_o next_o palatinate_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n sendomir_n sendomir_n be_v that_o of_o sendomir_n the_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n and_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o a_o castle_n both_o build_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a who_o afterward_o die_v of_o a_o surfeit_n by_o eat_v too_o free_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o this_o country_n which_o be_v reckon_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a in_o poland_n here_o be_v nothing_o else_o worth_a the_o take_a notice_n of_o save_o the_o monastery_n of_o dominican_n friar_n found_v by_o jvo_n archbishop_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n be_v take_v out_o of_o that_o of_o sendomir_n as_o be_v too_o big_a for_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o one_o palatine_a by_o casimir_n jagellonides_n lublin_n lublin_n the_o city_n be_v not_o very_o large_a but_o well_o build_v and_o much_o frequent_v especial_o in_o the_o fair_n keep_v three_o time_n a_o year_n by_o christian_n jewish_a and_o turkish_a merchant_n it_o be_v much_o better_a fortifve_v by_o the_o marsh_n which_o environ_v it_o than_o its_o wall_n and_o more_o beholden_a to_o nature_n for_o its_o defence_n then_o either_o casimir_n the_o great_a who_o wall_v it_o round_o or_o the_o russian_n who_o build_v the_o adjoin_a castle_n the_o great_a church_n in_o it_o be_v build_v by_o lescus_n the_o black_a upon_o a_o great_a conquest_n obtain_v against_o the_o lithvanians_n near_o this_o city_n and_o dedicate_v to_o st._n michael_n who_o in_o a_o vision_n the_o night_n before_o the_o battle_n have_v promise_v he_o good_a success_n st._n bridget_n monastery_n among_o many_o other_o magnificent_a one_o be_v found_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n one_o of_o the_o two_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n from_o which_o no_o appeal_n lie_v save_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o poland_n be_v keep_v at_o lublin_n hither_o for_o judgement_n in_o controversy_n of_o any_o great_a moment_n repair_v the_o palatinate_v of_o cracow_n sendomir_n russia_n podolia_n lublin_n belze_n podlassia_n volhinia_n braclaw_n kiow_n and_o czernichow_n or_o at_o least_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o be_v still_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n of_o other_o country_n and_o province_n to_o which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v former_o pretend_v a_o title_n by_o conquest_n contract_n or_o otherwise_o beside_o the_o place_n mention_v and_o at_o present_a subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n of_o that_o nation_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n lay_v claim_n to_o many_o and_o large_a territory_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o other_o prince_n omit_v bohemia_n moravia_n wagria_n misnia_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o rugen_n mecklenburg_n and_o lunenburg_n which_o whatever_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n assert_v and_o endeavour_v to_o make_v good_a be_v very_o little_a or_o not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n who_o be_v the_o only_a king_n that_o ever_o can_v plausible_o pretend_v a_o title_n to_o any_o part_n of_o they_o we_o shall_v confine_v our_o discourse_n to_o those_o country_n to_o which_o the_o polonian_a prince_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v have_v a_o more_o just_a and_o legal_a title_n that_o all_o or_o most_o of_o silesia_n be_v part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o poland_n silesia_n silesia_n in_o the_o day_n of_o lechus_n the_o first_o and_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n be_v high_o probable_a from_o the_o writing_n of_o adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n who_o both_o of_o they_o make_v the_o river_n other_o the_o bound_n of_o poland_n beside_o the_o german_a chronologer_n tell_v we_o that_o charles_n the_o great_a ludovicus_n pius_n and_o other_o emperor_n conquer_v the_o silesian_n and_o make_v they_o tributary_n to_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o polish_v historian_n upon_o what_o ground_n i_o know_v not_o be_v general_o positive_a in_o assert_v that_o silesia_n be_v always_o without_o any_o such_o intermission_n or_o conquest_n as_o the_o german_n strive_v to_o make_v out_o a_o part_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n only_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n agree_v with_o the_o german_n affirm_v that_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n among_o his_o many_o other_o conquest_n regain_v selucia_n as_o he_o call_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n after_o his_o time_n we_o find_v that_o casimir_n the_o first_o translate_v the_o bishopric_n of_o bicine_n to_o vratislaw_n whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o his_o day_n silesia_n be_v part_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o poland_n not_o long_o after_o henry_n the_o iv_o emperor_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o diet_n at_o munster_n a.d._n 1086_o make_v over_o silesia_n lusatia_n and_o indeed_o all_o poland_n to_o vratislaus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n though_o as_o cromer_n say_v he_o have_v no_o right_n to_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o any_o of_o they_o whereupon_o ensue_v a_o bloody_a war_n betwixt_o the_o bohemian_o and_o pole_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conjecture_v the_o latter_a have_v the_o better_a since_o all_o historian_n agree_v that_o silesia_n be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n government_n during_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o three_o his_o son_n vladislaus_n the_o second_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o brethren_n who_o be_v leave_v coheir_n with_o he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n flee_v first_o to_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o first_o who_o bring_v boleslaus_n crispus_n duke_n of_o poland_n and_o brother_n to_o vladislaus_n to_o such_o strait_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o resign_v all_o silesia_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o brother_n child_n but_o upon_o condition_n they_o shall_v
knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n have_v make_v their_o master_n in_o the_o year_n 1525_o it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o the_o teutonick_n order_n shall_v be_v whole_o extirpate_v and_o that_o part_n of_o prussia_n which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v ducal_z prussia_n shall_v be_v govern_v by_o the_o say_a marquis_n with_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o the_o rest_n or_o regal_a prussia_n remain_v still_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o duke_n shall_v always_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o as_o a_o member_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v precedent_n of_o the_o king_n council_n last_o john_n casimir_n the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n grant_v first_o in_o the_o year_n 1657_o and_o again_o 1663._o full_a and_o absolute_a power_n and_o dominion_n over_o ducal_z prussia_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n on_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o dukedom_n upon_o defect_n of_o male_a issue_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o supreme_a landlord_n and_o be_v confer_v on_o the_o duke_n of_o onoldsbach_n and_o culmbach_n as_o feudatary_n muscovy_n muscovy_n how_o affair_n stand_v at_o present_a between_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n sign_v by_o both_o party_n a.d._n 1667_o speak_v of_o before_o but_o former_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v lay_v claim_n and_o make_v good_a their_o title_n either_o by_o justice_n or_o the_o sword_n to_o several_a large_a territory_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n for_o first_o jorislaus_n duke_n of_o russia_n be_v force_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n a.d._n 1018._o afterward_o a.d._n 1069_o boleslaus_n ii_o possess_v himself_o of_o kiow_n and_o indeed_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o russia_n over_o which_o he_o set_v jesaslaus_n a_o tributary_n duke_n after_o his_o death_n continual_a 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for_o seventy_o year_n by_o they_o maintain_v they_o be_v quite_o overcome_v and_o utter_o expel_v that_o country_n by_o narses_n of_o which_o see_v the_o catalogue_n of_o their_o king_n they_o that_o travel_v as_o far_o as_o thracia_n and_o maesia_n and_o the_o part_n of_o macedonia_n be_v by_o claudius_n the_o roman_a general_n almost_o all_o overcome_v in_o battle_n he_o at_o one_o time_n kill_v 320000_o of_o they_o as_o he_o himself_o in_o a_o letter_n to_o the_o senate_n declare_v for_o which_o signal_n victory_n a_o golden_a statue_n be_v erect_v for_o he_o in_o the_o capitol_n at_o several_a other_o time_n and_o in_o several_a other_o place_n they_o make_v head_n against_o the_o roman_a empire_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n and_o theodosius_n who_o overcome_v 20000_o of_o they_o which_o to_o mention_v in_o this_o place_n be_v not_o so_o pertinent_a as_o in_o that_o where_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o war_n be_v wherefore_o at_o present_a we_o shall_v relate_v no_o more_o of_o those_o famous_a exploit_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o goth_n after_o their_o departure_n out_o of_o scandia_n but_o leave_v they_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o other_o more_o convenient_a place_n beside_o this_o emigration_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v under_o the_o conduct_n of_o berico_n or_o berig_n author_n make_v mention_n of_o another_o egression_n of_o the_o gothish_n or_o getish_a people_n as_o shall_v seem_v much_o ancient_a in_o the_o reign_n of_o ericus_n one_o of_o their_o first_o king_n about_o the_o time_n of_o sarug_n or_o saruch_n great_a grandfather_n to_o abraham_n when_o as_o be_v say_v be_v people_v denmark_n jutland_n fionia_n and_o the_o neighbour_a island_n then_o call_v wetalaheedha_n i.e._n marshy_a and_o waterish_a place_n this_o opinion_n though_o as_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o transmigration_n it_o may_v seem_v somewhat_o improbable_a the_o earth_n than_o not_o be_v
the_o swedish_n nation_n have_v make_v a_o law_n among_o his_o subject_n that_o if_o any_o of_o they_o kill_v or_o injure_v a_o swede_n he_o shall_v pay_v only_o half_a the_o mulct_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v if_o he_o have_v do_v the_o like_a to_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o 33._o atislus_n a_o warlike_a and_o magnificent_a king_n 34._o hotherus_fw-la who_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o dane_n and_o russes_z and_o die_v of_o a_o wound_n he_o receive_v in_o battle_n 35._o rodericus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n and_o swedland_n at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o either_o leave_v or_o lose_v the_o former_a he_o retire_v into_o the_o latter_a and_o there_o end_v his_o day_n 36._o attilus_n who_o kill_v wermundus_n king_n of_o denmark_n in_o single_a duel_n and_o be_v himself_o afterward_o slay_v by_o wermundus_n two_o son_n after_o this_o king_n time_n the_o succession_n for_o about_o 600_o year_n be_v much_o interrupt_v who_o enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n be_v uncertain_a botvildus_n charles_n two_o ericus_n two_o and_o six_o more_o be_v mention_v but_o little_o more_o know_v of_o they_o than_o their_o name_n he_o who_o historian_n first_o pitch_n upon_o to_o have_v certain_o succeed_v be_v 46._o alricus_n who_o challenge_v gestiblindus_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n to_o duel_n thereby_o lose_v both_o his_o life_n and_o kingdom_n 47._o ericus_n iii_n surname_v the_o wise_a and_o by_o some_o the_o eloquent_a a_o happy_a and_o peaceable_a prince_n he_o reign_v according_a to_o johannes_n magnus_n computation_n about_o four_o and_o thirty_o year_n before_o our_o saviour_n birth_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o gothish_a king_n who_o reign_v short_o after_o their_o transmigration_n out_o of_o scandia_n while_o they_o dwell_v about_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n near_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trojan_a war_n collect_v out_o of_o wolf_n lazius_n upon_o who_o credit_n you_o be_v to_o take_v they_o 1._o telephus_n well_o know_v for_o his_o exploit_n in_o the_o trojan_a war._n 2._o bericus_n or_o beget_n 3._o filimar_n 4._o frogradus_fw-la 5._o aringis_fw-la 6._o eurypilus_n 7._o tomyris_n 8._o antriregus_n after_o this_o succession_n of_o king_n in_o scythia_n europea_n the_o goth_n either_o weary_a of_o that_o country_n or_o drive_v out_o of_o it_o by_o some_o of_o their_o potent_a neighbour_n be_v say_v by_o the_o same_o author_n though_o i_o find_v not_o his_o opinion_n second_v by_o any_o swedish_n writer_n to_o have_v return_v into_o gothia_n and_o particular_o to_o have_v pitch_v upon_o the_o isle_n gotland_n as_o the_o fit_a seat_n for_o their_o king_n a_o long_a series_n of_o who_o may_v seem_v not_o very_o necessary_a to_o be_v set_v down_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o same_o with_o the_o swedish_n king_n before_o mention_v 48._o haldanus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o hunns_n overrun_v gothia_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n dominion_n build_v hunnaberg_n a_o ancient_a city_n in_o ostrogothia_a and_o after_o some_o continuance_n in_o the_o country_n be_v by_o this_o king_n at_o last_o utter_o expel_v 49._o sivardus_fw-la or_o sigvardus_fw-la in_o who_o time_n commotion_n arise_v in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o goth_n elect_v a_o separate_a king_n of_o their_o own_o name_v carolus_n who_o some_o make_v to_o be_v 50._o charles_n iii_o 51._o ericus_n iv_o slay_v by_o haldanus_n king_n of_o denmark_n 52._o haldanus_n who_o get_v the_o kingdom_n by_o his_o valour_n of_o this_o king_n be_v report_v several_a prodigious_a story_n as_o of_o his_o gigantic_a stature_n his_o pull_v up_o tree_n by_o the_o root_n and_o such_o like_a not_o inferior_a to_o those_o which_o poet_n relate_v of_o hercules_n and_o the_o giant_n 53._o vngvinus_n who_o to_o his_o own_o kingdom_n unite_v gothia_n for_o a_o long_a time_n govern_v by_o distinct_a king_n 54._o ragvaldus_n or_o regnaldus_n 55._o amundus_n 56._o haquinus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o goth_n elect_v one_o sivardo_fw-la king_n of_o gothia_n 57_o ostenus_fw-la i._n who_o entertain_v a_o implacable_a hatred_n against_o the_o norwegian_n send_v a_o great_a army_n against_o they_o subdue_v their_o country_n make_v the_o inhabitant_n tributary_n to_o the_o swedish_n crown_n and_o as_o a_o opprobrium_fw-la to_o the_o nation_n set_v a_o dog_n to_o be_v chief_a governor_n over_o they_o to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v all_o subjection_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o lose_v one_o hand_n and_o one_o foot_n this_o be_v mention_v both_o in_o the_o swedish_n and_o norwegian_a chronicle_n 58._o alverus_n or_o alaricus_n elect_v say_v krantzius_n out_o of_o the_o noble_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o happy_a reign_n stab_v by_o his_o brother_n ericus_n who_o be_v impatient_a to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n which_o he_o think_v he_o may_v procure_v after_o his_o death_n but_o vain_o for_o the_o government_n be_v confer_v on_o 59_o ingo_n i._o elder_a son_n to_o alverus_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o order_v the_o election_n of_o king_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o moresten_n near_o vpsal_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o which_o see_v what_o be_v say_v in_o suecia_n about_o this_o time_n the_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v by_o judge_n the_o next_o king_n be_v 60._o ingellus_fw-la i._n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n 61._o germunder_o in_o a_o war_n against_o denmark_n take_v prisoner_n and_o hang_v up_o upon_o a_o gibbet_n 62._o haquinus_n 63._o egellus_n after_o who_o time_n succeed_v several_a king_n johannes_n magnus_n reckon_v twenty_o concern_v who_o nothing_o very_o remarkable_a be_v set_v down_o by_o historian_n the_o next_o great_a epocha_n be_v count_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o 84._o bero_n or_o biorno_n iii_o the_o first_o christian_a king_n in_o sweden_n convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o one_o herebretus_n at_o his_o request_n send_v to_o he_o by_o charles_n the_o great_a emperor_n of_o germany_n 85._o brautamundus_n or_o amundus_n in_o some_o civil_a commotion_n in_o his_o kingdom_n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n and_o successor_n 86._o sivardus_fw-la ii_o who_o in_o his_o expedition_n against_o norway_n be_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n overcome_v in_o battle_n the_o enemy_n force_n most_o consist_v of_o woman_n 87._o herotus_fw-la or_o haraldus_n betwixt_o who_o and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n a_o war_n break_v out_o concern_v the_o province_n of_o schonen_fw-mi which_o this_o king_n at_o last_o free_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o his_o signal_n prudence_n and_o valour_n 89._o charles_n vi._n 90._o biorno_n iu._n 91._o ingellus_fw-la ii_o in_o who_o time_n helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o province_n in_o suecia_n have_v their_o distinct_a governor_n these_o he_o under_o colour_n of_o friendship_n invite_v to_o a_o banquet_n and_o when_o he_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n he_o cause_v a_o fire_n to_o be_v set_v on_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v on_o their_o possession_n to_o revenge_v this_o cruelty_n gramus_fw-la duke_n of_o sudermannia_n and_o hauno_n duke_n of_o ostrogothia_a raise_v force_n and_o come_v against_o he_o but_o with_o no_o good_a success_n at_o last_o for_o under_o pretence_n of_o a_o parley_n they_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o at_o ingellus_n command_n burn_v to_o death_n 92._o olaus_n from_o his_o command_v many_o thick_a wood_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o surname_v tratelia_n or_o tree-feller_n he_o be_v say_v by_o some_o to_o have_v embrace_v christianity_n at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o ansgarius_n a_o learned_a bishop_n send_v into_o sweden_n by_o lewis_n ii_o emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o though_o he_o himself_o perhaps_o do_v favour_v christian_a religion_n it_o get_v small_a foot_n among_o his_o subject_n for_o paganism_n be_v say_v for_o a_o long_a time_n to_o have_v prevail_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o succeed_a prince_n 93._o ingo_n ii_o 94._o ericus_n vi_o surname_v windy-cap_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v a_o cap_n by_o hold_v up_o of_o which_o he_o can_v cause_v the_o wind_n to_o blow_v from_o what_o point_v he_o please_v for_o which_o and_o such_o like_a magical_a exploit_n he_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n be_v elect_v king_n 95._o ericus_n vii_o surname_v victorious_a 96._o ericus_n viii_o surname_v aarsel_n i.e._n rich_a in_o corn._n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v countenance_v christianity_n which_o have_v be_v from_o the_o time_n of_o bero_n till_o his_o reign_n very_o much_o suppress_v and_o endeavour_v by_o law_n to_o establish_v it_o in_o his_o kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v by_o the_o fury_n of_o his_o subject_n tear_v in_o piece_n and_o martyr_v for_o his_o good_a intention_n towards_o they_o 97._o olaus_n surname_v scotkonung_n i.e._n infant-king_n because_o advance_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o young_a he_o embrace_v christianity_n and_o send_v to_o ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n to_o furnish_v he_o with_o able_a minister_n
chief_a security_n to_o the_o russes_z on_o this_o side_n but_o now_o be_v all_o give_v up_o by_o the_o forementioned_a treaty_n a._n d._n 1616_o into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o swede_n as_o 1._o notteburg_n which_o the_o russes_z call_v oresia_n i._n e._n a_o nut_n from_o its_o compactness_n and_o strength_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o small_a island_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n nieva_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o breadth_n be_v a_o great_a security_n to_o it_o about_o the_o year_n 1614_o gustavus_n adolphus_n besiege_v this_o city_n and_o after_o he_o have_v lie_v before_o it_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n for_o a_o long_a time_n and_o not_o by_o force_n able_a to_o gain_v it_o it_o be_v at_o last_o by_o the_o burgher_n voluntary_o surrender_v up_o to_o he_o not_o because_o they_o want_v any_o provision_n necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o city_n but_o because_o as_o be_v report_v a_o strange_a distemper_n of_o boil_n or_o wart_n in_o the_o mouth_n and_o throat_n seize_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n so_o that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o eat_v any_o victual_n or_o sufficient_o to_o secure_v their_o bastion_n against_o so_o potent_a a_o enemy_n 2._o ivanogorod_n build_v upon_o a_o rock_n in_o a_o small_a isthmus_n at_o the_o confluence_n of_o two_o river_n it_o lie_v opposite_a to_o narva_n part_v from_o it_o only_o by_o a_o large_a and_o rapid_a river_n which_o run_v from_o the_o lake_n peipus_n and_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o finnic_a bay_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o this_o city_n there_o be_v a_o small_a mount_n make_v hollow_a partly_o by_o art_n and_o partly_o by_o nature_n in_o the_o side_n of_o which_o many_o of_o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o people_n such_o as_o ordinary_o live_v in_o the_o suburb_n of_o great_a city_n come_v to_o inhabit_v 3._o jamagorod_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n laga_n 4._o capurium_n or_o coporio_n a_o strong_a fort_n lie_v upon_o the_o finnic_a bay_n all_o these_o city_n and_o fort_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o peace_n conclude_v betwixt_o gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o muscovite_n a_o 1616_o or_o 1617._o be_v deliver_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o ever_o since_o by_o they_o retain_v of_o what_o be_v give_v to_o the_o tzar_n by_o that_o treaty_n see_v what_o be_v say_v in_o muscovy_n p._n 23._o concern_v the_o province_n of_o novogorod_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o new_a accession_n in_o livonia_n some_o livonia_n livonia_n though_o the_o lesser_a part_n of_o livonia_n or_o liefland_n as_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o poland_n where_o a_o description_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n may_v be_v see_v belong_v at_o present_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n all_o esthonia_n with_o the_o island_n oselia_n and_o some_o town_n in_o lettia_n and_o other_o part_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o baltic_a coast_n be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o hold_v by_o they_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n conclude_v at_o the_o monastery_n of_o oliva_n near_o dantzic_n ann_n 1660_o between_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o charles_n xi_o the_o present_a king_n of_o sweden_n the_o article_n which_o chief_o relate_v to_o the_o swede_n and_o their_o possession_n in_o liefland_n we_o shall_v for_o the_o reader_n satisfaction_n here_o insert_v 1._o it_o be_v agree_v on_o that_o a_o general_a and_o inviolable_a peace_n amnesty_n and_o friendship_n shall_v thenceforward_o be_v maintain_v between_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o sweden_n and_o poland_n the_o emperor_n leopold_n and_o frederic_n wilhelm_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o between_o their_o subject_n of_o what_o degree_n condition_n or_o religion_n soever_o 2._o that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n shall_v renounce_v all_o pretension_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o great_a principality_n of_o finland_n and_o to_o all_o other_o possession_n which_o his_o grandfather_n john_n iii_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v former_o enjoy_v but_o that_o the_o say_v john_n casimir_n during_o his_o life_n might_n when_o he_o write_v to_o any_o prince_n or_o ally_n whatsoever_o use_v the_o arm_n and_o title_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o poland_n only_o observe_v this_o that_o in_o all_o transaction_n betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n he_o shall_v style_v himself_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithvania_n without_o add_v any_o more_o title_n but_o only_o annex_v three_o etcaeteration_n thus_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n great_a duke_n of_o lithvania_n etc._n etc._n etc._n etc._n etc._n etc._n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n after_o the_o title_n of_o great_a duke_n of_o finland_n 3._o that_o the_o king_n and_o state_n of_o poland_n and_o lithvania_n shall_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n all_o livonia_n beyond_o dwina_n with_o the_o island_n run_v and_o some_o other_o place_n beyond_o the_o dwina_n which_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n during_o the_o truce_n have_v possession_n of_o and_o also_o all_o esthonia_n and_o oselia_n and_o all_o city_n town_n fort_n etc._n etc._n that_o do_v former_o any_o way_n belong_v or_o appertain_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v hereby_o oblige_v upon_o the_o surrender_n of_o these_o place_n not_o to_o lay_v any_o claim_n to_o curland_n or_o semigallia_n or_o to_o any_o town_n and_o fort_n that_o belong_v to_o those_o province_n that_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o swedish_n livonia_n shall_v have_v free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n law_n etc._n etc._n with_o undisturbed_a intercourse_n of_o trade_n upon_o the_o dwina_n and_o several_a suchlike_a condition_n the_o whole_a province_n of_o liefland_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o jurisdiction_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o swedish_n and_o polonian_a liefland_n 1._o polonian_a liefland_n liefland_n polonian_a liefland_n which_o lie_v beyond_o the_o dwina_n and_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o dukedom_n or_o principality_n of_o curland_n and_o semigallia_n with_o part_n of_o lettia_n of_o which_o see_v poland_n 2._o swedish_n liefland_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o which_o may_v be_v say_v to_o contain_v the_o district_n of_o esthonia_n odepoa_n oselia_n and_o lettia_n this_o province_n be_v frequent_o subject_v to_o different_a prince_n have_v not_o very_o certain_a limit_n set_v nor_o like_a name_n give_v to_o the_o part_n of_o it_o by_o any_o that_o have_v undertake_v to_o describe_v it_o some_o author_n add_v harland_n and_o verland_n as_o distinct_a province_n from_o the_o former_a which_o may_v seem_v rather_o part_n only_o of_o esthonia_n then_o different_a principality_n from_o the_o rest_n i._o esthonia_n estia_n or_o esthland_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o so_o call_v from_o the_o estii_fw-la its_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o finnic_a bay_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o the_o island_n dagho_n and_o oselia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o lake_n peipus_n and_o part_n of_o muscovy_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o district_n of_o lettia_n and_o the_o river_n dwina_n it_o be_v cut_v out_o into_o five_o division_n or_o diocese_n alentakia_n wiria_n harria_n wicia_n and_o jervia_n 1._o alentakia_n alentakia_n alentakia_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o lake_n peipus_n and_o the_o finnic_a bay_n have_v the_o river_n narva_n on_o the_o east_n and_o on_o the_o west_n the_o district_n of_o wiria_n in_o it_o be_v two_o city_n of_o note_n 1._o narva_n call_v common_o the_o german_a narva_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o muscovitic_a narva_n which_o lie_v opposite_a to_o it_o upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n not_o far_o from_o the_o famous_a fort_n ivanogorod_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a strength_n and_o consideration_n and_o ordinary_o well_o garrison_v with_o swedish_n soldier_n behind_o the_o castle_n there_o be_v a_o small_a piece_n of_o ground_n encompass_v with_o wooden_a pale_n which_o be_v give_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n to_o the_o russes_z where_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o live_v and_o enjoy_v free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n the_o german_a lutheran_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a number_n that_o reside_v here_o have_v a_o particular_a church_n allow_v they_o and_o sermon_n preach_v to_o they_o in_o their_o own_o language_n this_o city_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o waldemarus_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n a._n d._n 1223._o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o russes_z in_o 1558_o and_o by_o they_o lose_v to_o the_o swede_n a._n d._n 1581._o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1599_o by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n confirm_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o ever_o since_o by_o they_o possess_v it_o lie_v in_o 60_o deg_fw-la of_o northerly_a latitude_n
village_n and_o fort_n of_o the_o late_a accession_n in_o pomeren_n and_o the_o empire_n how_o far_o the_o victorious_a arm_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n spread_v themselves_o in_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n pass_v over_o the_o elb_n the_o rhine_n and_o the_o danow_n in_o one_o year_n and_o thereby_o become_v as_o well_o the_o terror_n as_o wonder_v of_o europe_n be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o all_o the_o world_n and_o how_o after_o his_o death_n the_o swedish_n conquest_n in_o those_o part_n begin_v to_o lessen_v and_o several_a place_n of_o importance_n to_o be_v either_o forcible_o regain_v by_o the_o emperor_n or_o by_o the_o succeed_a king_n of_o sweden_n free_o yield_v up_o to_o he_o be_v no_o less_o manifest_a what_o city_n town_n fort_n title_n territory_n etc._n etc._n be_v by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n conclude_v between_o the_o imperial_a minister_n and_o the_o swedish_n agent_n in_o lieu_n of_o those_o many_o and_o large_a dominion_n which_o gustavus_n adolphus_n have_v possess_v himself_o of_o give_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n either_o absolute_o and_o for_o ever_o or_o under_o some_o condition_n to_o be_v by_o the_o swede_n observe_v we_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n only_a mention_n remit_v the_o more_o large_a description_n of_o they_o to_o pomeren_n germany_n etc._n etc._n whereunto_o they_o do_v former_o belong_v and_o where_o a_o account_n of_o they_o may_v be_v expect_v by_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o imperial_a plenipotentiaries_n and_o swedish_n minister_n hold_v at_o osnabrug_n and_o munster_n a._n d._n 1649_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o because_o christina_n queen_n of_o sweden_n have_v require_v of_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o electoral_a prince_n that_o satisfaction_n shall_v be_v make_v she_o for_o deliver_v up_o to_o they_o several_a place_n which_o have_v be_v by_o her_o father_n in_o the_o late_a war_n bring_v under_o the_o swedish_n power_n and_o likewise_o upon_o account_n that_o she_o earnest_o desire_v as_o much_o as_o in_o she_o lay_v to_o restore_v and_o promote_v the_o public_a peace_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o the_o emperor_n and_o their_o electoral_a highness_n on_o the_o other_o part_n be_v very_o ready_a by_o all_o mean_n to_o advance_v and_o take_v care_n of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o electoral_a prince_n and_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n shall_v give_v up_o to_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n and_o to_o her_o heir_n and_o successor_n these_o follow_a dominion_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o they_o in_o full_a right_n of_o possession_n as_o a_o perpetual_a and_o immediate_a feud_n of_o the_o empire_n viz._n 1._o all_o nether-pomeren_a common_o call_v nor-pomern_a with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o extent_n as_o the_o late_a duke_n of_o pomeren_n have_v possess_v and_o enjoy_v the_o same_o and_o also_o in_o further-pomeren_a stetin_n gartz_n dam_n golnau_n the_o isle_n wollin_n with_o part_n of_o the_o river_n other_o that_o encompass_v it_o the_o sea_n common_o call_v das_fw-la frische_n haff_n with_o its_o three_o bay_n peine_fw-fr swine_n and_o divenow_n and_o so_o much_o land_n on_o each_o side_n as_o shall_v be_v agree_v on_o by_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v appoint_v for_o assign_v the_o just_a limit_n for_o both_o party_n which_o say_v kingdom_n of_o pomeren_n and_o principality_n of_o rugen_n with_o all_o dominion_n belong_v or_o place_n annex_v to_o either_o of_o they_o and_o also_o all_o territory_n prefecture_n city_n fort_n town_n village_n feud_n river_n isle_n etc._n etc._n with_o all_o tribute_n revenue_n title_n dignity_n preeminence_n immunity_n and_o praerogative_n ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a with_o all_o other_o right_n and_o privilege_n shall_v from_o that_o day_n 27_o of_o july_n a._n 1648_o for_o ever_o belong_v to_o and_o be_v free_o use_v and_o inviolable_o possess_v by_o the_o then_z queen_n of_o sweden_n her_o heir_n and_o successor_n in_o as_o full_a and_o ample_a manner_n as_o the_o former_a duke_n of_o pomeren_n have_v have_v enjoy_v or_o govern_v the_o same_o moreover_o that_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o brandenburg_n shall_v both_o of_o they_o use_v the_o title_n and_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n after_o the_o manner_n that_o the_o former_a duke_n of_o pomeren_n use_v they_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n for_o ever_o and_o the_o duke_n of_o brandenburg_n so_o long_o as_o any_o of_o the_o issue_n male_a of_o that_o family_n remain_v but_o that_o upon_o defect_n of_o the_o masculine_a line_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n none_o shall_v lay_v claim_n to_o those_o title_n and_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n but_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n sole_o to_o retain_v they_o without_o any_o competitor_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o then_o to_o have_v all_o further_a pomeren_n with_o the_o bishopric_n and_o chapter_n of_o camminen_n yield_v up_o to_o they_o and_o their_o successor_n for_o ever_o 2._o that_o the_o emperor_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o elector_n shall_v give_v up_o to_o the_o say_a queen_n and_o her_o successor_n for_o ever_o the_o city_n and_o port_n of_o wismar_n with_o the_o fort_n walfisch_n and_o the_o prefecture_n of_o poel_n the_o town_n sehedorff_n wietendorff_n brandenhusen_n and_o wangern_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o hospital_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o lubeck_n except_v and_o newen_n closter_n with_o all_o right_n and_o privilege_n belong_v to_o they_o in_o as_o full_a and_o ample_a manner_n as_o the_o duke_n of_o meklenburg_n have_v before_o enjoy_v and_o possess_v they_o 3._o that_o the_o emperor_n with_o etc._n etc._n shall_v give_v up_o to_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n and_o her_o successor_n for_o ever_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o breme_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o verden_n with_o the_o town_n and_o prefecture_n of_o wilshausen_n and_o also_o all_o the_o right_a the_o arch-bishop_n of_o breme_n have_v to_o the_o chapter_n and_o dioece_n of_o hamburg_n provide_v that_o the_o house_n of_o holsatia_n and_o the_o city_n and_o chapter_n of_o hamburg_n retain_v their_o respective_a liberty_n possession_n etc._n etc._n with_o all_o and_o singular_a right_n privilege_n etc._n etc._n ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a to_o the_o say_a archbishopric_n bishopric_n and_o prefecture_n in_o any-wise_a belong_v yet_o to_o retain_v they_o for_o ever_o as_o a_o immediate_a fee_n of_o the_o empire_n use_v the_o ancient_a arm_n which_o belong_v to_o they_o but_o change_v the_o ecclefiastical_a title_n into_o a_o secular_a one_o viz._n that_o of_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n into_o duke_n of_o breme_n and_o verden_n and_o likewise_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o grant_v to_o have_v privilege_n to_o be_v present_a at_o all_o diet_n of_o the_o empire_n under_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o breme_n verden_n and_o pomeren_n prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o lord_n of_o wismar_n and_o to_o take_v place_n among_o the_o secular_a prince_n on_o the_o five_o seat_n in_o the_o say_a diet_n and_o in_o all_o controversy_n arise_v concern_v these_o territory_n to_o appeal_v to_o some_o of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n be_v court_n of_o judicature_n there_o to_o have_v they_o determine_v 4._o that_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n or_o her_o successor_n may_v have_v power_n to_o erect_v a_o university_n where_o they_o think_v most_o convenient_a in_o any_o part_n of_o these_o new_a dominion_n last_o that_o her_o majesty_n of_o sweden_n and_o her_o successor_n shall_v acknowledge_v all_o these_o possession_n as_o feudiatary_a to_o the_o emperor_n and_o receive_v all_o investiture_n from_o and_o as_o their_o predecessor_n and_o other_o vassal_n of_o the_o empire_n former_o use_v to_o do_v to_z take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o his_o imperial_a successor_n for_o ever_o by_o these_o additional_a dominion_n in_o pomeren_n and_o germany_n which_o at_o present_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n be_v very_o much_o disturb_v and_o in_o great_a confusion_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v as_o be_v say_v several_a new_a title_n confer_v upon_o they_o which_o with_o other_o that_o be_v take_v from_o their_o late_a conquest_n in_o livonia_n carelia_n etc._n etc._n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a catalogue_n the_o present_a king_n style_v himself_o thus_o the_o most_o serene_a and_o most_o &c._n &c._n prince_n charles_n xi_o king_n of_o the_o swede_n goth_n and_o vandal_n and_o hereditary_a prince_n great_a prince_n of_o finland_n duke_n of_o schonen_fw-mi esthonia_n livonia_n carelia_n breme_n verde_n stetin_n pomeren_n cassubie_n and_o wenden_n prince_n of_o rugen_n lord_n of_o ingria_n and_o wismar_n count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n juliers_n cleves_n bergen_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o new_a accession_n in_o denmark_n within_o the_o baltic_a sea_n viz._n scania_n hallandia_n
so_o ridiculous_a as_o to_o have_v the_o work_n of_o so_o many_o year_n confute_v in_o one_o page_n by_o our_o learned_a dr._n pell_n at_o that_o time_n public_a professor_n of_o mathematics_n in_o amsterdam_n 6._o arrild_n witfield_n lord_n of_o odersberch_n and_o sometime_o chancellor_n of_o denmark_n be_v the_o first_o that_o reduce_v saxo_n history_n to_o a_o chronological_a method_n annex_v the_o year_n to_o every_o memorable_a passage_n beside_o he_o compose_v and_o publish_v a_o accurate_a chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n in_o the_o danish_a tongue_n of_o which_o work_n pontanus_n who_o be_v once_o his_o clerk_n gives_z a_o very_o high_a character_n 7._o stephanus_n stephanius_n professor_n of_o history_n in_o the_o university_n at_o sore_a have_v illustrate_v saxo_n grammaticus_n with_o most_o accurate_a and_o learned_a note_n beside_o he_o write_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o denmark_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o christian_a the_o three_o from_o the_o year_n 1550_o to_o 1559_o which_o since_o his_o death_n be_v print_v at_o sore_a a._n d._n 1650._o 8._o olaus_n wormius_n late_a regius_n professor_n of_o physic_n in_o copengagen_n beside_o the_o rare_a collection_n he_o make_v of_o natural_a curiosity_n of_o which_o his_o musaeum_fw-la wormianum_fw-la be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o catalogue_n have_v with_o great_a diligence_n and_o success_n make_v discovery_n of_o that_o venerable_a and_o mysterious_a part_n of_o learning_n which_o before_o his_o time_n have_v lie_v unregarded_a for_o many_o age_n in_o every_o corner_n of_o denmark_n his_o literatura_fw-la runica_n monumenta_fw-la danica_n fasti_fw-la danici_n and_o other_o writing_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v enough_o to_o inform_v any_o man_n how_o much_o his_o own_o countryman_n and_o all_o that_o be_v wellwisher_n to_o learning_n be_v indebt_v to_o his_o indefatigable_a pain_n and_o industry_n 9_o petrus_n johannes_n resenius_n professor_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o counsellor_n to_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n have_v for_o several_a year_n last_o pass_v apply_v himself_o to_o a_o enquiry_n after_o the_o antiquity_n of_o his_o country_n in_o order_n to_o which_o he_o have_v make_v a_o much_o large_a collection_n of_o runic_a monument_n then_o ever_o wormius_n meet_v with_o which_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v he_o design_n ere_o long_o to_o publish_v in_o a_o work_n of_o some_o volume_n the_o edda_n islandorum_n and_o other_o ancient_a piece_n already_o print_v may_v give_v we_o a_o taste_n of_o his_o ability_n in_o these_o severe_a study_n and_o teach_v we_o what_o to_o expect_v from_o so_o curious_a a_o antiquary_n to_o these_o many_o more_o as_o petrus_n severinus_n the_o two_o bartholin_n borrichius_n and_o several_a other_o which_o be_v to_o find_v in_o erasmus_n vindingii_n his_o academia_n hafniensis_n may_v be_v add_v but_o those_o that_o have_v be_v reckon_v up_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v we_o how_o much_o denmark_n have_v contribute_v to_o the_o advancement_n of_o learning_n what_o kind_n of_o idol_n and_o false_a god_n be_v worship_v by_o the_o ancient_a dane_n …_o re_fw-mi …_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n shall_v be_v show_v at_o large_a in_o the_o description_n of_o island_n christianity_n begin_v to_o be_v first_o plant_v in_o these_o northern_a country_n by_o king_n eric_n who_o have_v be_v baptize_v in_o germany_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o emperor_n ludovicus_n but_o it_o take_v no_o deep_a root_n at_o first_o for_o eric_n be_v settle_v in_o his_o throne_n relapse_v into_o his_o former_a paganism_n and_o turn_v a_o bitter_a persecutor_n of_o st._n anschar_n who_o be_v send_v to_o promote_v the_o christian_a religion_n in_o denmark_n norway_n etc._n etc._n by_o the_o say_a emperor_n and_o pope_n gregory_n the_o four_o a._n d._n 835_o and_o his_o follower_n after_o this_o though_o some_o of_o they_o be_v initiate_v in_o christianity_n yet_o the_o christian_n have_v no_o considerable_a foot_n in_o this_o kingdom_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n sueno_n tweskeg_n who_o at_o his_o baptism_n have_v the_o emperor_n otho_n two_o to_o his_o godfather_n and_o from_o he_o be_v afterward_o call_v suenotho_n he_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o poppo_n who_o as_o we_o have_v say_v confirm_v his_o doctrine_n by_o a_o miracle_n which_o introduce_v the_o use_n of_o fire_n ordale_n establish_v the_o christian_a reliligion_n upon_o a_o sure_a foundation_n and_o appoint_v several_a bishop_n in_o the_o kingdom_n frideric_n duke_n of_o holstein_n be_v elect_a king_n of_o denmark_n bring_v with_o he_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v profess_v in_o that_o kingdom_n christian_n the_o three_o give_v liberty_n to_o the_o english_a scot_n and_o hollander_n to_o build_v church_n and_o have_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n though_o no_o calvinist_n be_v to_o be_v find_v except_o some_o few_o at_o the_o present_a queen_n chapel_n those_o few_o papist_n that_o live_v in_o this_o kingdom_n be_v forbid_v the_o public_a exercise_n of_o divine_a service_n plutarch_n report_v of_o the_o ancient_a cimbrian_o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o that_o they_o have_v shield_n and_o helmet_n paint_v with_o the_o shape_n of_o several_a kind_n of_o wild_a beast_n other_o say_v they_o use_v to_o set_v a_o brazen_a bull_n on_o the_o top_n of_o their_o standard_n as_o a_o token_n of_o strength_n and_o valour_n at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n arm_n be_v a_o complication_n of_o fourteen_o several_a coat_n thus_o order_v in_o a_o field_n gules_a he_o bear_v a_o cross_n argent_fw-fr the_o arm_n of_o the_o house_n of_o oldenburg_n which_o quarter_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o coat_n into_o four_o canton_n the_o first_o of_o these_o give_v the_o arm_n of_o denmark_n or_o six_o half_a heart_n gules_a three_o lion_n passant_a guardant_n azure_a with_o crown_n of_o the_o first_o this_o coat_n be_v part_v with_o the_o arm_n of_o norway_n gules_a a_o lion_n crown_v or_o hold_v in_o his_o paw_n a_o hatchet_n argent_fw-fr with_o a_o haft_n of_o the_o second_o the_o second_o canton_n carry_v gules_a a_o leopard_n in_o chef_fw-fr or_n the_o field_n sow_o with_o nine_o heart_n of_o the_o second_o which_o be_v the_o arm_n of_o gothland_n these_o be_v part_v with_o gules_a a_o dragon_n crown_v or_o the_o ancient_a coat_n of_o the_o vandal_n or_o slavonian_n according_a to_o the_o distich_n hinc_fw-la rigidos_fw-la slavus_n effert_fw-la pernicibus_fw-la alis_fw-la et_fw-la loca_fw-la propugnat_fw-la sanguinolenta_fw-la draco_n the_o three_o canton_n give_v azure_a three_o crown_n or_o to_o denote_v the_o union_n of_o the_o three_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n norway_n and_o sweden_n this_o coat_n be_v part_v with_o gules_a a_o paschal_n lamb_n argent_fw-fr hold_v a_o cross_n or_o at_o which_o hang_v a_o streamer_n of_o the_o second_o charge_v with_o a_o small_a cross_n of_o the_o first_o the_o first_o original_n of_o this_o coat_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v this_o in_o the_o year_n 1218_o when_o king_n waldemar_n the_o second_o engage_v the_o lieflander_n in_o sharp_a and_o bloody_a war_n the_o danish_a army_n have_v lose_v their_o standard_n begin_v to_o be_v so_o discourage_v that_o they_o give_v ground_n and_o have_v almost_o yield_v the_o victory_n to_o their_o pagan_a enemy_n when_o on_o a_o sudden_a a_o new_a standard_n fall_v from_o heaven_n display_v a_o white_a cross_n in_o a_o bloody_a flag_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o this_o the_o dane_n immediate_o rally_v their_o scatter_a force_n with_o so_o much_o courage_n and_o success_n as_o make_v they_o in_o a_o short_a time_n master_n of_o the_o field_n in_o remembrance_n of_o this_o so_o miraculous_a a_o deliverance_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n keep_v the_o sacred_a flag_n with_o as_o much_o veneration_n as_o ever_o the_o roman_n do_v their_o palladium_n think_v their_o future_a success_n will_v very_o much_o depend_v upon_o the_o safety_n of_o so_o holy_a a_o relic_n this_o be_v the_o account_n the_o danish_a historian_n give_v we_o of_o this_o part_n of_o their_o king_n arms._n but_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o the_o pope_n give_v king_n waldemar_n this_o banner_n when_o he_o go_v against_o liefland_n to_o mind_v he_o that_o the_o business_n he_o now_o undertake_v be_v the_o conversion_n of_o those_o poor_a ignorant_a heathen_n he_o shall_v there_o meet_v with_o thus_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n the_o great_a make_v a_o cross_n be_v carry_v before_o his_o army_n with_o this_o motto_n in_o hoc_fw-la signo_fw-la vinces_fw-la and_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n bear_v a_o white_a cross_n when_o they_o be_v send_v to_o convert_v the_o prussian_n but_o to_o return_v the_o four_o canton_n bear_v or_o two_o lion_n passant_a azure_a which_o be_v the_o arm_n of_o sleswic_n these_o be_v part_v with_o gules_a a_o headless_a fish_n stick_v on_o a_o stake_n and_o crown_v argent_fw-fr which_o be_v the_o coat_n of_o island_n in_o
the_o centre_n of_o these_o four_o canton_n and_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o great_a cross_n hang_v a_o scutcheon_n bear_v azure_a a_o horseman_n in_o complete_a armour_n argent_fw-fr hold_v a_o sword_n in_o his_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o same_o with_o the_o hilt_n or_o his_o horse_n cover_v with_o a_o cloth_n of_o the_o second_o which_o be_v the_o arm_n of_o dithmarse_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o arm_n contain_v four_o more_o coat_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v gules_a three_o pink_n some_o call_v they_o nail_n of_o our_o saviour_n passion_n and_o three_o leaf_n of_o nettle_n which_o be_v intermix_v and_o meet_v in_o angle_n at_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o coat_n which_o be_v charge_v with_o a_o small_a scutcheon_n argent_fw-fr for_o holstein_n the_o second_o which_o be_v the_o coat_n of_o stormaria_n be_v azure_a a_o swan_n argent_fw-fr with_o a_o coronet_n round_o her_o neck_n or._n the_o three_o belong_v to_o the_o earldom_n of_o delmenhorst_n be_v or_o two_o bar_n gules_a the_o four_o and_o last_o coat_n which_o belong_v to_o jutland_n be_v azure_a a_o cross_n patty_n at_o the_o bottom_n fetchet_n or._n below_o the_o arm_n be_v usual_o hang_v in_o a_o chain_n or_o the_o scutcheon_n of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o elephant_n the_o helmet_n or_o embroider_v and_o damask_a the_o sight_n cover_v and_o want_a bar_n above_o which_o a_o crown_n or_o encircle_v with_o four_o circle_n and_o adorn_v with_o precious_a stone_n on_o the_o top_n of_o this_o a_o globe_n or_o and_o above_o all_o a_o cross_n patty_a argent_fw-fr the_o crest_n be_v a_o leopard_n passant_a over_o the_o crown_n or_o eight_o streamer_n azure_a a_o plain_a cross_n argent_fw-fr four_o spear_n bend_v to_o the_o dexter_n side_n and_o as_o many_o to_o the_o sinister_a or._n support_v by_o two_o savage_n crown_v and_o gird_v with_o ivy_n proper_a arm_v with_o two_o point_a club_n the_o mantle_n or_o sow_o with_o heart_n gules_a and_o lion_n azure_a double_a ermine_n jutland_n though_o many_o of_o our_o modern_a author_n make_v a_o scoff_n at_o the_o relation_n the_o danish_a historian_n give_v of_o the_o giant_n ancient_o breed_v under_o the_o northern_a climate_n call_v cimbrian_o whence_o so_o call_v yet_o it_o be_v certain_a both_o from_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o most_o credible_a roman_a writer_n and_o the_o inscription_n of_o ancient_a grave_n and_o other_o monument_n that_o there_o be_v former_o in_o these_o part_v some_o people_n of_o large_a size_n than_o be_v anywhere_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o at_o this_o day_n either_o in_o this_o or_o any_o other_o nation_n and_o what_o else_o can_v be_v mean_v of_o that_o law_n of_o king_n frotho_n mention_v by_o saxon_a grammaticus_n wherein_o it_o be_v order_v that_o no_o ordinary_a rustic_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o have_v any_o quarrel_n with_o one_o of_o these_o overgrow_a kemper_n determine_v by_o duel_n which_o be_v then_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o decide_v all_o manner_n of_o controversy_n except_o the_o warrior_n have_v few_o and_o light_a weapon_n than_o the_o plebeian_n those_o that_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v the_o ancient_a dane_n man_n of_o great_a dimension_n than_o the_o modern_a from_o the_o bulk_n of_o their_o grave-stone_n and_o tomb_n do_v not_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o danish_a pagan_n to_o burn_v the_o dead_a body_n of_o their_o decease_a friend_n and_o bury_v only_o the_o ash_n and_o that_o the_o ancient_n use_v to_o worship_n at_o the_o monument_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o great_a man_n which_o for_o this_o reason_n be_v usual_o considerable_a heap_n of_o stone_n and_o earth_n cast_v up_o by_o the_o highway_n side_n however_o to_o omit_v these_o kind_n of_o idle_a conjecture_n the_o northern_a people_n have_v doubtless_o in_o their_o army_n good_a store_n of_o kemper_n man_n of_o vast_a body_n and_o strength_n upon_o who_o broad_a shoulder_n lay_v the_o heavy_a and_o hot_a service_n in_o every_o engagement_n from_o these_o kemper_n the_o whole_a nation_n be_v by_o the_o roman_n call_v cimbri_n by_o the_o greek_n cimmerii_n and_o their_o country_n chersonesus_n cimbrica_n which_o name_n be_v give_v to_o the_o whole_a tract_n of_o land_n beyond_o the_o elb_n though_o late_a historian_n confine_v it_o to_o that_o part_n only_o which_o now_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o jutland_n whence_o the_o juti_fw-la and_o jutia_fw-la which_o without_o all_o doubt_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o more_o modern_a word_n jutlandia_n shall_v come_v call_v jutland_o whence_o so_o call_v be_v hard_a to_o determine_v then_o to_o trace_v the_o original_n of_o cimbria_n venerable_a bede_n speak_v of_o those_o nation_n who_o come_v to_o aid_v the_o britain_n against_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o roman_n mention_n the_o vite_n as_o well_o as_o the_o angle_n and_o saxon_n cambden_n and_o some_o other_o will_v have_v we_o read_v jute_n instead_o of_o vite_n as_o say_v that_o famous_a antiquary_n one_o manuscript_n copy_n have_v the_o word_n but_o the_o learned_a sir_n henry_n spelman_n observe_v in_o most_o copy_n vitæ_fw-la more_o than_o once_o and_o never_o jutae_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o this_o alteration_n ethelwerd_v who_o write_v about_o the_o year_n 950_o call_v bede_n vitas_fw-la giotos_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o angles_n be_v a_o people_n that_o dwell_v inter_v saxones_n &_o giotos_n tacitus_n place_n the_o huithones_n so_o pontanus_n read_v the_o word_n and_o not_o as_o it_o be_v usual_o print_v nuithones_n next_o to_o the_o angli_fw-la in_o other_o author_n we_o meet_v with_o the_o vitungi_n juthungi_n guthungi_n guthas_n juthones_n etc._n etc._n which_o without_o question_n be_v all_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o original_n only_a various_o corrupt_v either_o by_o the_o inadvertency_n of_o transcriber_n or_o unskilfulness_n of_o foreign_a writer_n in_o the_o idiom_n of_o the_o tongue_n of_o that_o country_n which_o they_o describe_v arngrim_n ionas_n a_o islandian_a author_n well_o skilled_a in_o the_o antiquity_n and_o language_n of_o his_o own_o country_n say_v jaet_fw-la in_o the_o islandian_a and_o norwegian_a dialect_n signify_v a_o giant_n add_v further_o that_o there_o be_v still_o a_o place_n in_o norway_n call_v risalandt_n i._n e._n the_o land_n of_o giant_n near_o which_o be_v jaetumhaimar_n or_o the_o giant_n dwell_v last_o he_o tell_v we_o jutland_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o corruption_n of_o jaetumland_n so_o that_o jutia_n have_v the_o same_o signification_n with_o cimbria_n and_o the_o guti_fw-la gothi_n gotti_n getae_n call_v in_o the_o english-saxon_a monument_n geatun_n vitæ_fw-la jutae_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v the_o same_o man_n with_o the_o cimbrian_o jutland_n reach_v no_o further_a than_o sleswic_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o so_o that_o holstein_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o province_n which_o lay_v between_o the_o eidor_n and_o the_o elb_n though_o former_o a_o part_n of_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n be_v not_o now_o reckon_v as_o any_o portion_n of_o this_o country_n northern_a jutland_n the_o northern_a jutland_n be_v much_o large_a and_o better_o people_v then_o the_o southern_a it_o be_v divide_v into_o nine_o some_o reckon_v fifteen_o great_a lordship_n which_o say_v lyscander_n be_v sever_v one_o from_o another_o by_o so_o many_o arm_n of_o the_o sinus_n limmericus_n lymfiord_n give_v occasion_n to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n arm_n which_o bear_v a_o lion_n and_o nine_o heart_n in_o a_o field_n or._n there_o be_v in_o it_o four_o bishopric_n ripen_v arhusen_n alburg_n and_o wiburg_n in_o the_o further_a corner_n of_o the_o north_n jutland_n lie_v wensyssel_n which_o have_v the_o name_n of_o venulia_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o vandalia_n in_o latin_a author_n and_o be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o have_v be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a vandal_n its_o inhabitant_n be_v the_o lusty_a and_o hardy_a of_o any_o of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n subject_n the_o chief_a town_n in_o this_o tract_n be_v wensyssel_n so_o call_v from_o the_o province_n schaghen_fw-mi seat_v on_o the_o promontory_n between_o the_o norwegian_a and_o baltic_a sea_n be_v much_o more_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o all_o part_n of_o europe_n than_o any_o other_o town_n in_o jutland_n and_o will_v have_v a_o far_o great_a trade_n than_o now_o it_o have_v be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o dangerous_a coast_n it_o stand_v on_o totius_fw-la jutiae_fw-la generalis_fw-la accurata_fw-la delineatio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonis-waesbergios_a et_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n jutia_n septentrionalis_n in_o qua_fw-la dioeceses_fw-la alburgensis_n et_fw-fr viburgensis_n jutia_fw-la australis_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la dioeceses_fw-la ripensis_fw-la et_fw-la arhusiensis_fw-la ducatus_fw-la sleswicensis_fw-la nova_fw-la descriptio_fw-la ducatus_fw-la slesvicensis_fw-la pars_fw-la septentrionalis_n ducatus_fw-la slesvicensis_fw-la australis_fw-la pars_fw-la the_o diocese_n of_o wiburg_n lie_v in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o north_n jutland_n lyscander_n call_v wiberg_n the_o metropolis_n of_o jutland_n it_o be_v indeed_o a_o place_n
of_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o people_n who_o flock_n hither_o for_o justice_n in_o all_o cause_n civil_a and_o criminal_a it_o be_v former_o call_v cimmersbeg_n as_o be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o ancient_a cimbrian_o tacitus_n call_v it_o civitatem_fw-la parvam_fw-la but_o withal_o that_o it_o have_v be_v a_o glorious_a and_o strong_a hold_n and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o a_o terrible_a and_o warlike_a nation_n whence_o and_o when_o it_o get_v the_o name_n wiberg_n be_v not_o easy_o determine_v some_o tell_v we_o that_o after_o the_o many_o petty_a principality_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o be_v unite_v into_o one_o monarchy_n by_o wiglet_n this_o city_n lose_v its_o ancient_a name_n and_o be_v call_v after_o the_o prince_n wigburg_n corrupt_v by_o degree_n into_o wiberg_n elnot_n in_o the_o life_n of_o st._n canutus_n say_v it_o have_v its_o new_a name_n from_o wig_n a_o idol_n worship_v in_o this_o place_n i_o rather_o think_v it_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o danish_a pirate_n call_v former_o wig_n or_o wikenger_n for_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o the_o northern_a country_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v more_o than_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o land_n can_v sustain_v for_o young_a nobleman_n to_o live_v of_o what_o they_o can_v catch_v abroad_o as_o the_o lacedaemonian_n think_v robbery_n so_o these_o fancy_a piracy_n lawful_a and_o glorious_a whence_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n will_v often_o turn_v pirate_n and_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o title_n of_o king_n though_o they_o have_v not_o the_o least_o dominion_n at_o land_n as_o the_o norwegian_a history_n report_v of_o st._n olaus_n the_o most_o notorious_a pirate_n mention_v by_o the_o northern_a historian_n be_v the_o jomswikinger_n who_o dwell_v in_o the_o city_n wollin_n call_v ancient_o jomsberg_n where_o they_o have_v establish_v certain_a law_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o magistrate_n and_o governor_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n cambden_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o dane_n be_v usual_o understand_v by_o the_o name_n viccingi_n in_o the_o latin_a writer_n of_o our_o english_a history_n because_o say_v he_o they_o be_v profess_v pirate_n in_o our_o learned_a king_n aelfred_n translation_n of_o bede_n ecclesiastical_a history_n pirate_n be_v call_v wicengas_n and_o wicing_n and_o mr._n cambden_n guess_v probable_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o glocestershire_n worcestershire_n etc._n etc._n be_v former_o call_v wiccii_n from_o the_o sea-robbery_n commit_v daily_o by_o they_o upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o severn_n the_o english-saxons_a name_v a_o stout_a warrior_n wiga_n skill_n in_o war_n wig-chaept_a a_o fort_n wighus_o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o old_a francic_a history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o st._n anno_fw-la archbishop_n of_o cologne_n we_o read_v ninus_n hiz_v der_fw-mi eristi_fw-la mann_n de_fw-fr dir_fw-mi ie_fw-fr volc_n wigis_fw-la begin_v i._n e._n ninus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o make_v war_n and_o in_o willeramus_n paraphrase_n upon_o the_o canticle_n wighuis_n be_v a_o castle_n wiigfimme_v the_o art_n of_o combat_n etc._n etc._n nial_n runic_a history_n say_v gunnar_n var_fw-mi alra_fw-mi manna_n best_a viigur_n deira_fw-la sem_fw-mi de_fw-fr voru_fw-fr a_o island_n i.e._n gunnar_n be_v the_o best_a champion_n that_o live_v in_o island_n in_o his_o day_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o wiberg_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o wigton_n the_o name_n of_o several_a great_a town_n in_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o the_o scot_n still_o retain_v so_o much_o of_o the_o old_a saxon_a word_n wig_n as_o to_o call_v soldier_n and_o pillager_n of_o the_o country_n wig_n or_o wiganeer_n there_o have_v be_v for_o some_o year_n a_o quarrel_n between_o the_o bishop_n of_o alburg_n and_o wiburg_n about_o precedency_n each_o pretend_v his_o bishopric_n the_o more_o ancient_a it_o be_v very_o hard_a if_o not_o impossible_a to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n except_o we_o date_n the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o alburg_n from_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o bishop_n palace_n to_o that_o city_n for_o the_o bishopric_n of_o wiburg_n and_o borlum_n be_v both_o found_v in_o one_o year_n by_o sueno_n esthrith_n who_o make_v heribert_n bishop_n of_o wiburg_n the_o same_o time_n that_o he_o give_v borlum_n to_o magnus_n witfield_n give_v wiburg_n the_o precedency_n but_o alburg_n be_v reckon_v the_o better_a and_o more_o honourable_a preferment_n by_o other_o danish_a writer_n from_o the_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n hold_v at_o wiburg_n the_o jutlander_n can_v make_v no_o appeal_n save_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o the_o most_o memorable_a bay_n in_o this_o diocese_n be_v sallingsundt_n virckesundt_fw-mi hualpsundt_fw-mi sebersundt_fw-mi and_o othesundt_n the_o last_o of_o which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o jutland_n about_o the_o year_n 948_o come_v as_o far_o as_o this_o bay_n into_o which_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v cast_v his_o spear_n and_o give_v it_o the_o name_n it_o retain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o most_o considerable_a and_o fruitful_a part_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v salling_n a_o peninsula_n in_o the_o limfiord_n whence_o be_v bring_v the_o best_a horse_n that_o be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n the_o name_n of_o this_o province_n seem_v to_o point_v out_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o old_a sabalingi_n who_o ptolomey_n make_v a_o people_n inhabit_v some_o part_n of_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n but_o more_o southerly_a than_o salling_n the_o chief_a river_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o wiburg_n be_v gudius_n gutalus_n or_o guddenus_n call_v by_o the_o native_n gudden_a aa_n and_o store_v with_o plenty_n of_o fish_n arhuse_n be_v a_o neat_a and_o pleasant_a seaport_n town_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n arhusen_n arhusen_n whence_o etymologist_n derive_v its_o name_n from_o aar-hus_a i._n e._n the_o house_n of_o oar_n which_o be_v a_o much_o more_o probable_a conjecture_n than_o be_v bring_v by_o pontanus_n who_o fetch_v the_o word_n arhusen_n from_o ptolomy_n harudes_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o danish_a historian_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v first_o make_v a_o bishop_n see_v about_o the_o year_n 1014._o though_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o poppo_n be_v make_v bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n its_o original_n must_v be_v fetch_v as_o high_a as_o the_o year_n 992._o the_o cathedral_n at_o arhuse_n be_v a_o neat_a piece_n of_o architecture_n adorn_v with_o several_a rich_a monument_n of_o bishop_n noblemen_z etc._n etc._n the_o bishop_n palace_n have_v lie_v many_o year_n in_o its_o ruin_n which_o still_o retain_v mark_n of_o its_o ancient_a splendour_n and_o grandeur_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o jutland_n and_o furnish_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n that_o the_o country_n afford_v at_o a_o very_a reasonable_a rate_n and_o what_o foreign_a commodity_n either_o the_o need_n or_o luxury_n of_o its_o citizen_n call_v for_o be_v bring_v daily_o in_o by_o the_o mariner_n in_o this_o diocese_n there_o be_v thirty_o one_o judicature_n seven_o city_n three_o hundred_o and_o four_o parish_n and_o five_o fort_n the_o strong_a of_o which_o be_v schanderborch_n or_o schonderborch_n i.e._n the_o neat_a castle_n seat_v on_o the_o gudden_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o note_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o arhusen_n be_v 1._o horsen_a on_o the_o south_n of_o arhusen_n 2._o randruse_v a_o place_n famous_a for_o the_o best_a salmon_n in_o jutland_n 3._o ebeltod_a on_o the_o baltic_a coast_n a_o town_n of_o considerable_a trade_n the_o bishopric_n of_o ripen_v ripen_v ripen_v border_v on_o the_o southern_a jutland_n contain_v in_o it_o seven_o city_n two_o hundred_o eighty_o two_o parish_n ten_o castle_n and_o a_o hundred_o nobleman_n house_n it_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o clear_a and_o sweet_a river_n nipsaa_n which_o part_v itself_o into_o three_o stream_n divide_v the_o town_n into_o as_o many_o part_n and_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o city_n arm_n which_o be_v three_o lion_n here_o about_o ptolemy_n seem_v to_o place_v his_o cimbros_n phundusios_fw-gr that_o this_o city_n shall_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o latin_a word_n ripa_n upon_o its_o be_v situate_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n be_v no_o great_a wonder_n if_o we_o consider_v that_o whilst_o the_o native_n of_o these_o part_n busy_v themselves_o chief_o in_o fortify_v and_o people_n their_o great_a ciity_n it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o the_o german_n roman_n and_o other_o foreigner_n to_o give_v name_n to_o small_a village_n upon_o the_o seacoast_n which_o after_o a_o revolution_n of_o some_o year_n by_o the_o advantage_n of_o a_o brisk_a sea-trade_n grow_v bulky_a and_o be_v often_o advance_v into_o large_a corporation_n the_o cathedral_n be_v a_o stately_a fabric_n of_o hew_a stone_n beautify_v with_o a_o tower_n of_o a_o incredible_a height_n which_o
endeavour_n to_o prove_v that_o xen._n lampsacenus_n mention_n the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o thence_o conclude_v that_o this_o name_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o most_o of_o the_o modern_a geographer_n fancy_n who_o make_v adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n the_o first_o author_n that_o call_v this_o bay_a mare_n balthicum_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o examine_v pliny_n word_n upon_o this_o occasion_n will_v find_v that_o no_o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n but_o of_o a_o island_n only_o in_o these_o part_n call_v baltia_n which_o be_v now_o name_v schonen_fw-mi but_o be_v not_o as_o the_o ancient_n imagine_v a_o isle_n from_o this_o baltia_n some_o think_v this_o sea_n be_v call_v baltic_n as_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o island_n adria_n other_o more_o happy_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o the_o danish_a and_o english_a word_n belt_n because_o seeland_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n be_v gird_v round_o with_o this_o bay_n and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o seeland_n and_o funen_n call_v that_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o part_n these_o two_o island_n die_v belt_n pomponius_n mela_n who_o be_v follow_v by_o many_o late_a writer_n of_o good_a note_n call_v the_o baltic_a sea_n sinus_n codanus_n which_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o danish_a bay_n for_o codanus_n godanus_n or_o gedanus_n be_v the_o same_o with_o danus_n and_o gedanum_n and_o dantiscum_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o indeed_o when_o we_o consider_v what_o a_o large_a portion_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n be_v encircle_v with_o the_o sea_n we_o shall_v find_v reason_n enough_o notwithstanding_o the_o late_a surrender_n of_o several_a island_n to_o the_o swede_n to_o let_v it_o still_o retain_v this_o its_o ancient_a name_n the_o most_o considerable_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v fionia_n fionia_n or_o funen_n be_v part_v from_o jutland_n by_o a_o straight_a of_o the_o baltic_a call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n medelfarsund_v about_o one_o german_a mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o separate_v from_o seeland_n by_o the_o beltis-sund_a or_o baltic_n bay_n the_o length_n of_o it_o from_o east_n to_o west_n be_v about_o ten_o german_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n eight_o saxon_a grammaticus_n lyscander_n and_o most_o of_o the_o danish_a writer_n make_v this_o the_o pleasant_a piece_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n whence_o they_o have_v fancy_v the_o island_n have_v its_o name_n from_o fine_a which_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n in_o funen_n as_o in_o england_n though_o adam_n bremensis_n may_v seem_v to_o favour_v this_o conceit_n in_o call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n finni_n and_o their_o country_n finningia_n and_o pontanus_n allow_v the_o etymology_n yet_o methinks_v stephanius_n guess_v better_a at_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n when_o he_o fetch_v it_o from_o fion_n which_o in_o the_o old_a runic_a monument_n signify_v a_o neck_n of_o land_n rend_v from_o the_o continent_n and_o such_o any_o man_n will_v suppose_v funen_n to_o be_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o view_v that_o slender_a frith_n which_o at_o this_o day_n separate_v that_o island_n from_o jutland_n the_o island_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o corn_n especial_o wheat_n and_o rye_n which_o be_v hence_o yearly_o transport_v in_o great_a quantity_n into_o other_o nation_n beside_o the_o native_n have_v general_o great_a herd_n of_o cattle_n and_o very_o good_a breed_v of_o horse_n the_o wood_n which_o overspread_v almost_o the_o whole_a island_n be_v exceed_o well_o store_v with_o deer_n hare_n and_o fox_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o this_o island_n be_v ottensee_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o take_v its_o name_n from_o woden_n the_o great_a god_n of_o the_o ancient_a dane_n who_o some_o of_o their_o historian_n call_v othin_n or_o odin_n other_o more_o probable_o say_v it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n and_o leave_v his_o name_n in_o more_o place_n than_o one_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o letter_n write_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o three_o about_o the_o year_n 987_o in_o which_o this_o city_n be_v name_v vrbs_fw-la othonesvigensis_n pontanus_n think_v it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n harald_n who_o to_o testify_v his_o gratitude_n to_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o by_o who_o procurement_n he_o be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n call_v it_o ottonia_n or_o ottensche_n and_o his_o son_n suenotto_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o island_n and_o therefore_o in_o a_o fit_a place_n for_o the_o session_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o magistracy_n which_o be_v yearly_o hold_v in_o this_o place_n as_o be_v likewise_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n before_o the_o year_n 1660._o the_o building_n in_o this_o town_n be_v general_o well_o build_v and_o the_o street_n uniform_a beside_o other_o public_a building_n there_o be_v in_o it_o two_o fair_a church_n whereof_o one_o be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n cnute_n the_o other_o to_o st._n francis_n not_o far_o from_o the_o former_a of_o these_o stand_v a_o stately_a town-hall_n upon_o a_o very_a spacious_a marketplace_n where_o king_n frideric_n ii_o renew_v the_o ancient_a league_n between_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o sleswic_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o when_o the_o choir_n of_o st._n cnute_n church_n be_v repair_v in_o the_o year_n 1582_o the_o workman_n find_v in_o a_o vault_n a_o copper_n coffin_a gild_a and_o adorn_v with_o precious_a stone_n upon_o which_o be_v write_v the_o follow_a inscription_n in_o old_a latin-gothic_a character_n jam_fw-la coelo_fw-la tutus_fw-la summo_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la canutus_n martyr_n in_o aurata_fw-la rex_fw-la atque_fw-la reconditur_fw-la arca_fw-la et_fw-la pro_fw-la justitiae_fw-la factis_fw-la occisus_fw-la inque_fw-la ut_fw-la christum_fw-la vita_fw-la sic_fw-la morte_fw-la fatetur_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la traditur_fw-la a_o proprio_fw-la sicut_fw-la deus_fw-la ipse_fw-la ministro_fw-la a.d._n mlxxxvi_o other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o funen_n be_v 1._o bowens_n a_o port-town_n of_o good_a trade_n seat_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o island_n at_o the_o north-end_n of_o medelfarsund_n 2._o middlefar_n seat_v on_o the_o common_a passage_n from_o this_o island_n to_o kolding_n in_o jutland_n on_o the_o thirty_o of_o january_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o carolus_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n lead_v his_o army_n over_o the_o ice_n to_o this_o place_n and_o have_v rout_v the_o danish_a force_n that_o oppose_v he_o make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o whole_a isle_n of_o funen_n 3._o ascens_fw-la not_o far_o from_o the_o mountain_n of_o ossenburgh_n where_o john_n de_fw-fr hoy_n nicholas_n fechlenburgh_n and_o gustavus_n troll_n bishop_n of_o vpsal_n be_v slay_v and_o their_o army_n command_v by_o christopher_n earl_n of_o oldenburgh_n total_o rout_v by_o john_n rantzaw_v king_n christian_n the_o three_o general_n who_o level_v this_o city_n to_o the_o ground_n 4._o foborg_n upon_o the_o southern_a coast_n of_o the_o island_n it_o be_v once_o burn_v by_o the_o unruly_a soldier_n of_o christian_a the_o three_o whilst_o odensee_n adhere_v to_o the_o captive_a prince_n christian_n the_o second_o who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v keep_v close_a prisoner_n at_o sunderburg_n redeem_v itself_o from_o the_o like_a fate_n by_o a_o large_a sum_n of_o money_n 5._o swynborg_n over_o against_o the_o island_n of_o langland_n from_o this_o place_n carolus_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n lead_v his_o army_n over_o the_o ice_n into_o seeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o 6._o nyborg_n the_o usual_a passage_n from_o funen_n into_o seeland_n this_o city_n be_v first_o fortify_v with_o a_o moat_n and_o bulwark_n by_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o it_o be_v very_o memorable_a for_o the_o battle_n fight_v by_o the_o confederate_n of_o the_o empire_n brandenburg_n poland_n and_o the_o low_a country_n in_o the_o year_n 1659._o against_o the_o swede_n who_o in_o that_o engagement_n be_v overthrow_v and_o utter_o rout_v out_o of_o funen_n beside_o the_o great_a town_n mention_v there_o be_v in_o funen_n a_o great_a number_n of_o fair_a village_n among_o which_o they_o reckon_v up_o no_o less_o than_o 264_o parish_n church_n seeland_n seeland_n the_o large_a fair_a and_o most_o fruitful_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n lie_v to_o the_o east_n of_o funen_n from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o by_o the_o belt_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v part_v from_o schonen_fw-mi by_o a_o small_a frith_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n oresundt_fw-mi through_o which_o
seem_v plain_a from_o the_o argument_n and_o authority_n of_o learned_a man_n before_o allege_v it_o will_v be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o evince_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o assertion_n that_o the_o getes_n and_o goth_n together_o with_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o danish_a isle_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n be_v original_o one_o and_o the_o same_o nation_n it_o be_v true_a in_o some_o small_a island_n in_o and_o near_o the_o finnic_a gulf_n the_o people_n use_v a_o language_n altogether_o unintelligible_a to_o a_o true_a dane_n or_o swede_n but_o further_a westward_o the_o language_n speak_v in_o all_o the_o baltic_a island_n be_v so_o many_o dialect_v of_o the_o gothic_a tongue_n and_o the_o old_a runic_a monument_n daily_o find_v in_o most_o province_n of_o the_o danish_a and_o swedish_n dominion_n prove_v manifest_o the_o same_o word_n and_o character_n to_o have_v be_v use_v in_o schonen_fw-mi jutland_n and_o the_o intermediate_v island_n from_o the_o difference_n of_o manner_n custom_n habit_n etc._n etc._n in_o these_o isle_n no_o more_o can_v be_v concluclude_v then_o that_o some_o want_v the_o convenience_n of_o traffic_n and_o correspondence_n with_o other_o nation_n be_v force_v to_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o rude_a and_o ungentile_a way_n of_o live_v teach_v they_o by_o their_o homebred_a ancestor_n whilst_o other_o who_o lay_v more_o in_o the_o road_n of_o merchant-ship_n must_v needs_o insensible_o admit_v of_o a_o daily_a alteration_n both_o in_o manner_n and_o language_n norway_n what_o the_o edda_n name_n name_n and_o other_o mythological_a writer_n tell_v we_o of_o nor_n son_n of_o their_o god_n thor_n &_o grandchild_n to_o woden_n the_o first_o grand_a captain_n of_o the_o norwegian_n from_o who_o that_o people_n and_o their_o country_n fetch_v say_v these_o man_n their_o name_n merit_n just_a as_o much_o credit_n as_o the_o danish_a story_n of_o their_o king_n dan._n the_o truth_n be_v norway_n or_o norweg_v as_o the_o german_n write_v it_o whence_o the_o latin_a word_n norwegia_fw-la be_v only_o via_fw-la seu_fw-la tractus_fw-la septentrionalis_fw-la i._n e._n a_o country_n situate_v towards_o the_o north._n hence_o in_o the_o danish_a swedish_n &_o norvegian_a tongue_n it_o be_v to_o this_o day_n call_v norrike_v or_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n pliny_n nerigon_n be_v only_o a_o corruption_n of_o this_o word_n and_o we_o find_v that_o ancient_o all_o the_o cimbrian_a kingdom_n be_v name_v regna_fw-la norica_fw-la by_o helmoldus_n the_o norwegian_n be_v call_v nordliudi_fw-la which_o word_n be_v not_o as_o dr._n heylin_n guess_v derive_v from_o the_o dutch_a word_n nordt_n and_o the_o french_a lieu_n for_o nordliod_n or_o nordtleut_fw-fr in_o the_o northern_a language_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o people_n of_o the_o north._n in_o the_o preface_n to_o our_o king_n aelfred_n anglo-saxonic_a version_n of_o orosius_n this_o kingdom_n be_v style_v norðh_n manna_n land_n the_o country_n of_o the_o norman_n adam_n bremensis_n call_v it_o normannia_n and_o we_o know_v rollo_n bring_v his_o norman_n out_o of_o these_o part_n this_o kingdom_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o baltic_a strait_n bound_n bound_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o jutland_n on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n with_o the_o northern_a ocean_n on_o the_o east_n with_o sweden_n and_o lapland_n the_o whole_a length_n of_o it_o from_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o far_o as_o finmark_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v about_o 210_o german_a mile_n the_o eastern_a part_n of_o norway_n be_v very_o thin_a people_v soil_n soil_n be_v a_o country_n of_o nothing_o but_o inaccessible_a and_o craggy_a mountain_n towards_o the_o south_n there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o inhabitant_n who_o dwell_v in_o pleasant_a valley_n encircle_v with_o barren_a and_o rocky_a hill_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o country_n be_v overspread_v with_o wood_n which_o furnish_v the_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n with_o deal-board_n and_o mast_n for_o ship_n the_o long_a ridge_n of_o high_a mountain_n which_o divide_v this_o kingdom_n from_o sweden_n where_o pliny_n place_v his_o sevo_n be_v continual_o cover_v with_o snow_n whence_o intolerable_a sharp_a wind_n be_v send_v down_o into_o the_o valley_n beneath_o which_o by_o this_o mean_n become_v desolate_a and_o unfruitful_a but_o more_o southerly_a and_o all_o along_o the_o western_a coast_n the_o air_n be_v much_o more_o temperate_a and_o will_v be_v healthful_a enough_o if_o not_o corrupt_v by_o the_o putrefaction_n and_o stench_n of_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o rat_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n lemmer_n which_o infect_v the_o whole_a country_n with_o the_o epidemical_a disease_n of_o the_o jaundice_n and_o a_o giddiness_n in_o the_o head_n which_o be_v most_o especial_o apt_a to_o seize_v on_o stranger_n unacquainted_a with_o the_o danger_n and_o unarm_v against_o the_o distemper_n in_o the_o valley_n there_o be_v good_a breed_v of_o cattle_n commodity_n commodity_n insomuch_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n export_v yearly_a great_a quantity_n of_o butter_n tallow_n hides_n and_o cheese_n their_o chief_a grain_n be_v barley_n the_o wood_n afford_v timber_n pitch_n tar_n rich_a fur_n and_o great_a store_n of_o filberd_n beside_o these_o commodity_n they_o have_v a_o good_a trade_n from_o their_o stockfish_n and_o train-oyl_n which_o be_v vend_v all_o europe_n over_o christian_n iu_o king_n of_o denmark_n employ_v several_a artist_n in_o the_o search_n of_o some_o silver_n and_o gold_n mine_n in_o the_o year_n 1623._o and_o it_o be_v say_v some_o lump_n of_o the_o oar_n of_o both_o those_o metal_n be_v here_o find_v and_o present_v to_o the_o king_n but_o this_o discovery_n never_o turn_v to_o any_o considerable_a account_n for_o the_o native_n be_v utter_o ignorant_a of_o the_o art_n of_o refine_n any_o kind_n of_o mineral_n themselves_o and_o altogether_o unwilling_a to_o admit_v into_o their_o country_n any_o foreigner_n skilled_a in_o that_o way_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o complexion_n and_o humour_n with_o the_o dane_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o they_o be_v general_o effeminate_a and_o lazy_a not_o so_o much_o through_o any_o fault_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o want_n of_o employment_n for_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n seldom_o or_o never_o make_v use_v of_o this_o nation_n in_o his_o war_n as_o be_v loath_a to_o trust_v they_o with_o arm_n the_o ancient_a norwegian_n as_o well_o as_o their_o neighbour_n be_v every_o where_o report_v to_o have_v be_v notorious_a pirate_n but_o at_o this_o day_n the_o sea_n be_v scarce_o in_o any_o place_n in_o europe_n so_o secure_a from_o robbery_n as_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o alteration_n can_v scarce_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o modern_a honesty_n of_o this_o kingdom_n so_o far_o excel_v that_o of_o former_a day_n but_o rather_o to_o the_o general_a poverty_n and_o mean_a spiritedness_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n into_o which_o the_o danish_a rigour_n have_v force_v they_o for_o they_o have_v little_a or_o no_o ship_n allow_v they_o and_o be_v too_o low_o keep_v to_o pretend_v to_o hector_n and_o domineer_v their_o diet_n be_v what_o they_o furnish_v other_o country_n with_o stockfish_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o a_o coarse_a kind_n of_o butter_n and_o cheese_n their_o usual_a drink_n rostock_n ale_n in_o this_o they_o common_o drink_v three_o draught_n one_o in_o remembrance_n of_o god_n the_o second_o to_o the_o king_n health_n and_o the_o three_o to_o the_o queen_n as_o norway_n be_v still_o reckon_v a_o distinct_a kingdom_n from_o denmark_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o it_o have_v former_o its_o own_o independent_a king_n who_o sometime_o lord_v it_o over_o the_o monarch_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n nevertheless_o the_o account_n we_o have_v of_o these_o prince_n from_o the_o chronica_fw-la norvagica_fw-la publish_v by_o johannes_n slangerupensis_n in_o the_o year_n 1594_o and_o olaus_n wormius_n in_o the_o year_n 1633_o and_o the_o relation_n of_o other_o historian_n be_v so_o imperfect_a and_o incredible_a that_o it_o will_v not_o waste_v paper_n to_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o catalogue_n of_o they_o the_o last_o king_n that_o sway_v the_o sceptre_n in_o norway_n be_v haquin_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1363_o marry_v margaret_n elder_n daughter_n of_o waldemar_n iii_o king_n of_o denmark_n thereupon_o unite_n the_o two_o kingdom_n now_o though_o king_n haquin_n have_v only_o one_o son_n by_o queen_n margaret_n olaus_n for_o some_o while_n king_n of_o denmark_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n yet_o the_o dane_n have_v once_o get_v footing_n in_o this_o kingdom_n be_v resolve_v to_o keep_v their_o station_n and_o therefore_o to_o secure_v themselves_o from_o all_o future_a insurrection_n and_o rebellion_n they_o immediate_o put_v strong_a garrison_n into_o all_o the_o city_n and_o fort_n of_o consequence_n in_o the_o nation_n since_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o language_n manner_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o the_o norwegian_n and_o islander_n be_v both_o one_o
people_n what_o the_o reader_n miss_v in_o the_o general_a description_n of_o norway_n may_v possible_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o follow_a one_o of_o island_n the_o prefecture_n of_o masterland_n this_o prefecture_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o it_o seat_v on_o a_o rocky_a peninsula_n and_o famous_a for_o its_o great_a trade_n in_o herring_n and_o other_o sea-fish_n this_o city_n with_o two_o more_o of_o less_o note_n congel_n and_o oddawald_n and_o the_o adjoin_a country_n be_v command_v by_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o bahus_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o haquin_n iv_o king_n of_o norway_n about_o the_o year_n 1309_o upon_o a_o steep_a rock_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n trollet_n and_o be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o best_a fort_n that_o king_n have_v in_o his_o dominion_n and_o a_o sufficient_a bulwark_n against_o the_o daily_a assault_n and_o incursion_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o westro-goth_n the_o bishopric_n of_o anslo_n and_o staffenger_n with_o the_o province_n of_o aggerhuse_v anslo_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n opslo_n and_o by_o some_o latin_a writer_n asloa_n be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n harold_n cotemporary_a with_o sueno_n esthritius_n king_n of_o denmark_n who_o frequent_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o this_o city_n here_o be_v hold_v the_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n for_o all_o norway_n wherein_o all_o cause_n and_o suit_n at_o law_n be_v hear_v and_o determine_v before_o the_o governor_n who_o act_v as_o viceroy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o cathedral_n be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n alward_n who_o take_v great_a pain_n in_o preach_v the_o gospel_n to_o the_o norwegian_a heathen_n in_o this_o church_n be_v to_o be_v show_v the_o sword_n of_o haquin_n one_o of_o their_o ancient_a king_n a_o signal_n testimony_n if_o the_o story_n they_o tell_v of_o it_o be_v true_a of_o the_o strength_n and_o admirable_a art_n of_o some_o norwegian_n of_o former_a age_n the_o hilt_n of_o it_o be_v make_v of_o crystal_n curious_o wrought_v and_o polish_a whence_o olaus_n magnus_n will_v needs_o conclude_v that_o the_o use_n of_o crystal_n be_v ancient_o much_o more_o ordinary_a in_o norway_n then_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n in_o any_o part_n of_o europe_n not_o far_o from_o opslo_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o bay_n stand_v the_o castle_n of_o aggerhusen_n memorable_a for_o the_o brave_a resistance_n it_o make_v the_o swedish_n army_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o which_o besiege_v it_o hot_o eighteen_o week_n together_o but_o be_v at_o last_o beat_v off_o and_o force_v shameful_o to_o retire_v about_o twenty_o german_a mile_n northward_o of_o opslo_n lie_v the_o city_n hammer_n former_o a_o bishop_n see_v but_o at_o present_a under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o opslo_n near_o this_o town_n be_v the_o island_n moos_n where_o if_o we_o believe_v olaus_n magnus_fw-la a_o huge_a and_o monstrous_a serpent_n appear_v constant_o before_o any_o grand_a alteration_n in_o the_o state_n or_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n in_o this_o province_n beside_o the_o place_n already_o mention_v stand_v the_o city_n of_o tonsberg_n fridericstadt_n saltsburgh_n and_o scheen_n which_o have_v all_o a_o considerable_a trade_n from_o the_o copper_n and_o iron_n mine_n which_o hereabout_o be_v in_o great_a number_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v in_o this_o province_n that_o the_o silver_n mine_n mention_v before_o be_v first_o discover_v at_o the_o expense_n of_o christian_a iu._n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o some_o of_o the_o adjoin_a hill_n be_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n to_o this_o day_n call_v silver-bergen_a or_o the_o mountain_n of_o silver_n to_o these_o mine_n and_o the_o lofty_a wood_n of_o pine_n and_o fir-tree_n with_o which_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v overspread_v the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n owe_v the_o great_a part_n of_o if_o not_o all_o its_o trade_n the_o city_n of_o staffenger_n lie_v in_o 59_o degree_n some_o reckon_v 60_o and_o a_o great_a many_o odd_a minute_n of_o latitude_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o peninsuia_fw-la upon_o a_o great_a bay_n of_o the_o northern_a ocean_n full_a of_o small_a island_n and_o guard_v by_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o doeswick_n which_o lie_v about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n in_o civil_a affair_n this_o city_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o bergenhusen_n though_o it_o have_v its_o own_o peculiar_a bishop_n constant_o reside_v in_o the_o town_n the_o whole_a bishopric_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o several_a district_n of_o stavangersteen_n dalarne_n jaren_n listerleen_n mandalsleen_n nedenesleen_n and_o abygdelag_n thomas_n conrade_n hvegner_n bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n in_o the_o year_n 1641_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o collect_v a_o great_a number_n of_o runic_a inscription_n which_o lie_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o his_o diocese_n some_o of_o which_o be_v publish_v by_o wormius_n who_o further_o inform_v we_o that_o this_o conrad_n predecessor_n who_o name_n he_o omit_v write_v a_o topographical_n description_n of_o this_o city_n and_o bishopric_n beyond_o the_o bay_n appear_v the_o island_n schutenes_n three_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n but_o scarce_o half_a a_o one_o in_o breadth_n between_o this_o island_n which_o have_v in_o it_o several_a considerable_a village_n and_o the_o continent_n run_v up_o a_o narrow_a frith_n to_o bergen_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o dutch_a merchant_n to_o liedt_n van_fw-mi berghen_fw-mi to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o staffenger_n belong_v the_o province_n of_o tillemarch_n or_o thylemarch_n which_o give_v procopius_n the_o first_o ground_n for_o that_o assertion_n of_o he_o which_o he_o defend_v with_o so_o great_a vehemency_n viz._n that_o scandinavia_n take_v in_o its_o large_a extent_n of_o which_o thylemarch_n be_v a_o very_a inconsiderable_a part_n be_v the_o ancient_a thule_n the_o parish_n of_o hollen_n in_o this_o province_n be_v very_o remarkable_a for_o a_o churchyard_n or_o bury_v place_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n michael_n which_o be_v cut_v out_o of_o a_o great_a high_a rock_n call_v by_o the_o vicenage_n vear_n upon_o the_o lake_n nordsee_n half_o a_o mile_n distant_a from_o scheen_n wormius_n think_v it_o be_v former_o a_o heathenish_a temple_n but_o convert_v to_o christian_a use_n upon_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o the_o gospel_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o prefecture_n and_o bishopric_n of_o berghen_n this_o bishopric_n the_o most_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a part_n of_o all_o norway_n lie_v to_o the_o north_n of_o aggerhusen_n in_o the_o middle_n or_o heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o fair_a and_o noble_a emporium_n or_o mart-town_n of_o berghen_n or_o else_o from_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o berghenhusen_n the_o usual_a seat_n of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o norway_n at_o a_o small_a distance_n from_o berghen_n northward_o berghen_n a_o ancient_a and_o famous_a seaport_n town_n mention_v by_o pomponius_n mela_n and_o pliny_n be_v the_o granary_n and_o magazine_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o norway_n it_o lie_v distant_a from_o bahusen_n about_o a_o hundred_o german_a mile_n by_o sea_n and_o sixty_o by_o land_n from_o truntheim_n as_o many_o from_o schagen_n the_o outmost_a promontory_n of_o jutland_n almost_o eighty_o some_o have_v fetch_v its_o name_n from_o the_o norwegian_a verb_n bergen_n which_o signify_v to_o hide_v or_o conceal_v because_o the_o haven_n be_v surround_v with_o hill_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o sculking-place_n for_o ship_n where_o vesfel_n of_o two_o hundred_o tun_n and_o upward_o ride_v in_o a_o spacious_a and_o most_o secure_a harbour_n free_a from_o all_o danger_n of_o wind_n and_o weather_n but_o we_o need_v not_o trouble_v ourselves_o any_o further_a for_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o name_n then_o to_o consider_v 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strength_n of_o the_o arm_n be_v the_o only_a judge_n of_o controversy_n when_o fish_v season_n come_v in_o they_o throng_v to_o the_o seacoast_n and_o when_o that_o be_v over_o retire_v again_o into_o the_o upland_n only_o the_o islander_n in_o heymeland_n keep_v their_o station_n and_o have_v their_o church_n in_o trom_n suro_n maggero_n and_o other_o place_n the_o language_n manner_n and_o habit_n of_o the_o people_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o swedish_n lapland_n of_o which_o a_o account_n have_v be_v already_o give_v of_o the_o ancient_a commerce_n between_o the_o old_a britain_n english_a and_o norwegian_n though_o the_o relation_n which_o our_o english_a writer_n give_v we_o of_o the_o prowess_n and_o brave_a exploit_n of_o the_o valiant_a british_a king_n arthur_n savour_v too_o much_o of_o romance_n yet_o in_o the_o main_a our_o best_a historian_n agree_v unanimous_o in_o this_o that_o no_o prince_n ever_o conquer_v more_o of_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n than_o this_o king_n w._n lambert_n in_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d assure_v we_o that_o all_o the_o island_n nation_n and_o kingdom_n in_o the_o north_n and_o east_n sea_n as_o far_o as_o russia_n be_v tributary_n to_o he_o and_o geoffry_n of_o monmouth_n say_v king_n arthur_z at_o one_o time_n summon_v no_o less_o than_o six_o king_n to_o appear_v before_o he_o at_o his_o court_n in_o britain_n viz._n 1._o guillaumur_n king_n of_o ireland_n 2._o malvase_n king_n of_o iseland_n 3._o doldaff_n king_n of_o gothland_n 4._o gunnase_n king_n of_o orkney_n 5._o lot_z king_n of_o norway_n and_o 6._o aschile_o king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o these_o conquest_n the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o norwegian_n incorporate_v into_o one_o nation_n with_o the_o britain_n but_o this_o amity_n be_v of_o no_o long_a continuance_n for_o norway_n be_v at_o too_o great_a a_o distance_n
eat_v too_o much_o of_o a_o melon_n though_o he_o be_v never_o tax_v for_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o manner_n of_o intemperance_n in_o meat_n or_o drink_n but_o always_o esteem_v a_o severe_a punisher_n of_o drunkenness_n and_o gluttony_n 1493._o maximilian_n succeed_v his_o father_n frideric_n have_v be_v before_o his_o father_n death_n crown_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o year_n 1486._o from_o his_o birth_n till_o he_o be_v almost_o nine_o year_n old_a he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v utter_o speechless_a but_o afterward_o he_o gain_v the_o use_n of_o his_o tongue_n and_o prove_v one_o of_o the_o most_o eloquent_a and_o learned_a emperor_n that_o germany_n ever_o breed_v he_o marry_v mary_n the_o only_a daughter_n and_o heiress_n of_o charles_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n upon_o which_o marriage_n all_o the_o dukedom_n marquisat_n earldom_n and_o other_o dominion_n of_o which_o the_o say_a charles_n have_v be_v lord_n be_v for_o ever_o annex_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n the_o war_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o against_o his_o neighbour_n on_o all_o hand_n especial_o the_o venetian_n be_v almost_o innumerable_a though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n he_o be_v force_v to_o take_v up_o arm_n in_o his_o own_o defence_n it_o be_v report_v of_o he_o that_o he_o will_v never_o pass_v by_o a_o gallow_n or_o gibbet_n without_o a_o reverend_a salute_n in_o these_o word_n salve_fw-la sancta_fw-la justitia_fw-la for_o five_o year_n before_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o twenty-fifth_a year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o have_v his_o coffin_n always_o by_o he_o and_o carry_v after_o he_o in_o every_o expedition_n he_o undertake_v which_o give_v some_o of_o his_o retinue_n occasion_n to_o conjecture_v that_o he_o have_v some_o great_a treasure_n in_o it_o and_o that_o the_o pretence_n of_o its_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o mortality_n be_v only_o a_o false_a veil_n to_o blind_v the_o vulgar_a 1519._o charles_n v._o son_n to_o philip_n king_n of_o spain_n be_v elect_v emperor_n and_o crown_v with_o the_o great_a pomp_n imaginable_a at_o aix_n la_fw-fr chappel_n a_o puissant_a and_o brave_a prince_n who_o well_o deserve_v the_o surname_n of_o great_a confer_v on_o he_o by_o pope_n paul_n iii_o the_o whole_a history_n of_o his_o life_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o catalogue_n of_o his_o conquest_n the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n mention_v forty_o great_a victory_n obtain_v by_o he_o and_o seventy_o battle_n from_o which_o he_o come_v off_o the_o field_n a_o conqueror_n the_o pope_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o french_a king_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n his_o prisoner_n he_o quash_v the_o league_n make_v by_o the_o protestant_n at_o schmalcade_n and_o take_v the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o landtgrave_n of_o hassia_n prisoner_n he_o force_v the_o great_a turk_n to_o relinquish_v vienna_n and_o afterward_o win_v the_o kingdom_n of_o tunis_n at_o last_o have_v reign_v thirty-eight_a year_n load_v with_o victory_n and_o honour_n he_o resign_v the_o empire_n and_o betake_v himself_o to_o a_o monastery_n where_o he_o be_v use_v to_o say_v that_o he_o have_v more_o pleasure_n and_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o retire_a and_o solitary_a enjoyment_n of_o one_o day_n in_o a_o monk_n cell_n than_o ever_o he_o can_v perceive_v in_o all_o the_o fortunate_a triumph_n that_o attend_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o life_n 1558._o ferdinand_n i._o upon_o the_o voluntary_a resignation_n of_o his_o brother_n charles_n v._o be_v by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o elector_n declare_v emperor_n though_o pope_n pius_n iv_o refuse_v to_o pronounce_v the_o election_n valid_a because_o ferdinand_n have_v grant_v the_o lutheran_n a_o toleration_n but_o some_o say_v the_o same_o pope_n be_v afterward_o so_o far_o reconcile_v to_o he_o as_o to_o grant_v he_o the_o privilege_n of_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n in_o both_o kind_n he_o be_v a_o mild_a peaceful_a and_o temperate_a prince_n a_o hard_a student_n and_o perfect_a master_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n he_o be_v exceed_v courteous_a to_o all_o even_o the_o mean_a of_o his_o subject_n and_o have_v a_o certain_a hour_n in_o every_o day_n in_o which_o he_o attend_v the_o suit_n and_o complaint_n of_o poor_a man_n when_o some_o of_o his_o courtier_n object_v to_o he_o the_o inconvenience_n that_o will_v follow_v upon_o the_o permission_n of_o so_o easy_a a_o access_n to_o all_o manner_n of_o supplicant_n he_o answer_v that_o himself_o can_v expect_v but_o harsh_a usage_n at_o god_n throne_n if_o beggar_n be_v hinder_v from_o approach_v his_o he_o die_v of_o a_o catarrh_n in_o the_o sixty-first_a year_n of_o his_o age_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v six_o year_n 1564._o maximilian_n ii_o ferdinand_n son_n and_o king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v elect_v into_o his_o father_n room_n be_v first_o proclaim_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o francfurt_n and_o afterward_o crown_v king_n of_o hungary_n this_o emperor_n prove_v as_o great_a a_o favourer_n of_o the_o protestant_n as_o his_o father_n insomuch_o that_o some_o roman_a catholic_o have_v not_o stick_v to_o call_v he_o the_o lutheran_n emperor_n he_o renew_v the_o article_n of_o peace_n agree_v upon_o between_o the_o protestant_n and_o popish_a party_n at_o passaw_n and_o grant_v some_o of_o his_o nobility_n and_o branch_n of_o the_o austrian_a family_n a_o free_a exercise_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n qui_fw-la in_o conscientiis_fw-la imperium_fw-la sibi_fw-la sumunt_fw-la conantur_fw-la coeli_fw-la arcem_fw-la invadere_fw-la be_v a_o say_n which_o historian_n know_v not_o whither_o to_o attribute_v to_o this_o emperor_n or_o maximilian_n i._n but_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a it_o be_v the_o former_n since_o he_o be_v know_v to_o have_v be_v the_o great_a favourer_n of_o the_o protestant_a persuasion_n that_o ever_o rule_v the_o german_a empire_n he_o die_v at_o ratisbon_n in_o the_o year_n 1576_o have_v reign_v twelve_o year_n 1576._o rudolph_n 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protestant_n lie_v under_o have_v occasion_v some_o dangerous_a sedition_n in_o a_o great_a many_o considerable_a city_n and_o market-town_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n the_o emperor_n order_v a_o synod_n to_o be_v call_v at_o prague_n design_v to_o allow_v the_o dissent_v party_n as_o they_o term_v the_o lutheran_n some_o small_a privilege_n but_o such_o as_o shall_v be_v far_o short_a of_o the_o large_a charter_n give_v and_o confirm_v to_o they_o by_o his_o brother_n rudolph_n at_o this_o meeting_n the_o emperor_n ambassador_n william_n slabate_v and_o jurislaw_n bazius_n where_o throw_v out_o of_o the_o window_n for_o their_o domineer_a carriage_n and_o so_o perish_v this_o mighty_o incense_v the_o emperor_n who_o endeavour_v to_o be_v revenge_v have_v like_a to_o have_v ruin_v himself_o and_o his_o empire_n he_o die_v without_o issue_n have_v reign_v seven_o year_n 1619._o ferdinand_n of_o gratz_n archduke_n of_o austria_n and_o grandson_n to_o ferdinand_n i._o by_o
or_o since_o their_o time_n the_o first_o occasion_n i_o suppose_v of_o the_o general_a mistake_n come_v from_o the_o saxon_a army_n bearing_n a_o young_a black_a horse_n which_o be_v afterward_o upon_o the_o conversion_n of_o witikind_a to_o the_o christian_a faith_n change_v into_o a_o white_a one_o the_o crest_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brunswic_n arm_n to_o this_o day_n in_o their_o flag_n now_o hengist_n or_o hengst_n in_o the_o old_a saxon_a dialect_n signify_v a_o stallion_n and_o that_o horsa_n be_v a_o word_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n i_o need_v not_o tell_v the_o english_a reader_n so_o that_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a troop_n seem_v to_o have_v have_v the_o name_n of_o hengist_n and_o horsa_n give_v they_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o some_o writer_n have_v enigmatical_o call_v the_o emperor_n the_o eagle_n the_o king_n of_o france_n the_o lily_n etc._n etc._n i.e._n from_o the_o arm_n they_o bear_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o municipal_a law_n observe_v in_o saxony_n law_n law_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o heathenism_n appear_v from_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v confirm_v a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o and_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o he_o alter_v the_o law_n as_o well_o as_o government_n of_o most_o other_o province_n in_o germany_n his_o example_n have_v be_v follow_v by_o the_o succeed_a emperor_n down_n to_o our_o day_n insomuch_o that_o the_o saxon_n be_v still_o govern_v by_o the_o law_n of_o their_o ancestor_n whereof_o a_o great_a part_n be_v comprehend_v in_o those_o two_o famous_a digest_v of_o their_o law_n entitle_v der_n sachsen-spiegel_n and_o das_n sachsische_n weichbild_n of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o for_o a_o account_n of_o the_o ordeal_o their_o famous_a way_n of_o determine_v controversy_n soon_o after_o their_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n we_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v on_o that_o subject_n in_o the_o general_a description_n of_o denmark_n though_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o this_o piece_n of_o judicature_n be_v never_o practise_v by_o any_o other_o saxon_n then_o the_o english_a and_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o it_o till_o some_o time_n after_o they_o have_v settle_v themselves_o in_o this_o island_n saxonia_n inferior_a apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a a_o description_n of_o some_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a province_n in_o the_o low_a saxony_n the_o general_a name_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n by_o some_o late_a geographer_n have_v be_v make_v to_o comprehend_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o bremen_n the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n hildesheim_n lubeck_n swerin_n and_o ratzeburg_n the_o territory_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lunenburg_n holstein_n mecklenburg_n and_o saxon-lawenburg_a among_o these_o a_o account_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n have_v be_v already_o give_v 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plant_v christianity_n in_o this_o and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n crantzius_n say_v it_o be_v first_o call_v hamburg_n from_o one_o hama_fw-la a_o stout_a saxon_a champion_n who_o be_v here_o slay_v by_o starcater_v a_o danish_a giant_n dresserus_n bring_v it_o from_o hain_n which_o signify_v a_o pleasant_a grove_n the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o this_o city_n first_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o forest_n hamme_n which_o former_o lie_v between_o the_o river_n bille_n and_o alster_n and_o give_v the_o title_n to_o the_o ancient_a lord_n of_o ham_n who_o about_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v lead_n his_o army_n into_o these_o part_n build_v themselves_o here_o a_o castle_n which_o from_o their_o own_o name_n they_o call_v hamburg_n this_o conjecture_n be_v embrace_v by_o silvius_n hamburgensis_n andreas_n angelus_n p._n bertius_fw-la isac_n pontanus_n and_o most_o other_o author_n of_o repute_n who_o have_v give_v we_o any_o historical_a account_n of_o this_o city_n pontanus_n tell_v we_o that_o ham_n in_o the_o old_a saxon_a dialect_n signify_v a_o forest_n or_o chase_n and_o prove_v it_o from_o suderham_n and_o norderham_n two_o large_a forest_n in_o dithmar_n but_o author_n be_v as_o hardly_o reconcile_v about_o the_o situation_n as_o name_v of_o the_o place_n situation_n situation_n the_o great_a part_n of_o writer_n tell_v we_o the_o city_n stand_v in_o stormaria_n a_o province_n in_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n dominion_n but_o some_o german_a historian_n be_v very_o zealous_a in_o assert_v that_o it_o be_v a_o true_a saxon_a city_n and_o the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o saxony_n and_o stormaria_n add_v further_o that_o to_o a_o diligent_a observer_n it_o will_v evident_o appear_v that_o the_o great_a share_n of_o the_o town_n even_o at_o this_o day_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o continent_n of_o stormaria_n by_o some_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o river_n elb._n some_o antiquary_n have_v endeavour_v to_o show_v antiquity_n antiquity_n that_o this_o noble_a hans-town_n be_v in_o the_o day_n of_o albion_n the_o grand_a captain_n of_o the_o albingi_n who_o be_v afterward_o christen_v at_o minden_n with_o witekind_n a_o considerable_a village_n after_o the_o death_n of_o this_o albion_n about_o the_o year_n 785_o charles_n the_o great_a give_v this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n to_o vtho_n one_o of_o his_o nobleman_n and_o attendant_n who_o to_o secure_v himself_o from_o the_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o the_o vandal_n and_o other_o his_o heathenish_a neighbour_n begin_v first_o to_o fortify_v the_o place_n in_o the_o year_n 787_o or_o as_o some_o say_v 789_o but_o these_o first_o foundation_n be_v quick_o shake_v and_o vtho_n rude_a draught_n of_o a_o strong_a city_n be_v utter_o deface_v for_o the_o vandal_n pour_v in_o upon_o he_o and_o his_o small_a retinue_n sack_v the_o town_n and_o lay_v it_o waste_v in_o the_o year_n 810._o this_o say_v conringius_n be_v that_o which_o the_o author_n of_o a_o ancient_a chronicle_n mean_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o anno_fw-la 810_o castellum_n nomine_fw-la hochbuci_fw-la albi_fw-la flumini_fw-la contiguum_fw-la in_fw-la quo_fw-la odo_n legatus_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la &_o orientalium_fw-la saxonum_n erat_fw-la praesidium_n a_o wilsis_n capio_fw-la from_o hence_o we_o must_v conclude_v that_o the_o saxon_n have_v no_o place_n that_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n before_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v time_n and_o that_o hamburg_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o though_o in_o great_a danger_n of_o perish_v in_o its_o infancy_n the_o year_n follow_v the_o emperor_n regain_v this_o country_n from_o the_o insult_a and_o barbarous_a vandal_n and_o rebuilt_a the_o town_n which_o be_v afterward_o by_o his_o son_n ludovicus_n pius_n advance_v into_o a_o considerable_a city_n the_o same_o emperor_n make_v it_o a_o archbishops_n see_v about_o the_o year_n 833_o archbishopric_n a_o archbishopric_n bestow_v it_o upon_o ansgar_n the_o great_a saint_n of_o the_o city_n of_o hamburg_n call_v by_o some_o of_o their_o writer_n anscharius_fw-la by_o other_o ansagrius_n or_o ansearius_n who_o first_o convert_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o christianity_n within_o a_o while_n after_o the_o whole_a province_n round_o about_o embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o several_a evangelical_n preacher_n subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o hamburg_n afterward_o the_o archbishopric_n be_v translate_v from_o this_o city_n to_o bremen_n as_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v hereafter_o and_o for_o several_a age_n last_o pass_v there_o have_v be_v neither_o archbishop_n nor_o bishop_n of_o hamburg_n after_o the_o hamburger_n be_v establish_v in_o the_o christian_a religion_n subject_n to_o who_o subject_n and_o begin_v to_o trade_n they_o have_v daily_o large_a and_o ample_a privilege_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o most_o succeed_a emperor_n to_o who_o they_o pay_v homage_n but_o we_o must_v needs_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v sometime_o oblige_v to_o change_v their_o master_n according_a as_o contrary_a interest_n of_o their_o
he_o mention_n yet_o upon_o examination_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o this_o wisimir_n if_o ever_o there_o be_v any_o such_o man_n must_v have_v slay_v siward_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 340_o and_o we_o never_o hear_v of_o duke_n lechus_n in_o poland_n before_o the_o year_n 550_o nay_o some_o say_v he_o begin_v his_o government_n in_o the_o year_n 644._o wherefore_o omit_v these_o impertinent_a contradiction_n and_o anticronism_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o wismar_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o convenience_n of_o its_o situation_n wis-mee_a signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o safe_a and_o secure_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n such_o a_o one_o as_o that_o be_v upon_o which_o this_o city_n be_v now_o seat_v nor_o be_v the_o town_n so_o ancient_a as_o they_o will_v make_v it_o but_o first_o build_v or_o at_o least_o make_v a_o city_n out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o mecklenburg_n which_o as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v be_v once_o the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o whole_a dukedom_n about_o the_o year_n 1250_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o 1238_o by_o gunceline_n ii_o earl_n of_o swerin_n afterward_o henry_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n for_o his_o great_a performance_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n surname_v hierosolymitanus_n bring_v hither_o the_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n observe_v in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lubec_n and_o new_o model_v wismar_n about_o the_o year_n 1266._o from_o which_o time_n it_o grow_v so_o extravagant_o great_a and_o populous_a that_o within_o a_o very_a short_a time_n it_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a hans-town_n and_o be_v make_v the_o harbour_n for_o all_o the_o man_n of_o war_n belong_v to_o that_o society_n this_o engage_v the_o whole_a community_n to_o contribute_v towards_o its_o fortification_n insomuch_o that_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o very_a few_o year_n it_o become_v almost_o impregnable_a by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n the_o city_n and_o haven_n of_o wismar_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o wallfrisch_n and_o the_o peninsula_n of_o pole_n except_v the_o village_n of_o schedorff_n weitendorff_n brandenhusen_n and_o wangeren_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o hospital_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o lubec_n as_o also_o newen-clost_a be_v give_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n since_o which_o time_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v always_o style_v himself_o lord_n of_o wismar_n but_o in_o these_o late_a war_n between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n the_o city_n of_o wismar_n among_o many_o other_o be_v take_v by_o the_o present_a victorious_a king_n of_o denmark_n christian_a v._n although_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o eight_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n sign_v at_o fountainblaeu_n on_o the_o second_o day_n of_o september_n in_o the_o year_n 1679_o by_o the_o french_a and_o danish_a minister_n that_o wismar_n and_o rugen_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o swede_n within_o three_o week_n after_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o say_a treaty_n yet_o in_o a_o second_o treaty_n sign_v on_o the_o twenty-sixth_a day_n of_o the_o same_o month_n at_o lunden_n in_o schonen_fw-mi it_o be_v agree_v that_o wismar_n shall_v remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o a_o surety_n for_o the_o arrear_n of_o certain_a contribution_n due_a from_o that_o king_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n this_o obligation_n it_o seem_v be_v not_o yet_o cancel_v for_o the_o dane_n to_o this_o day_n keep_v possession_n of_o this_o great_a town_n and_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v force_v in_o any_o short_a time_n to_o yield_v it_o up_o iii_o rostock_n rostock_n rostock_n a_o city_n of_o great_a antiquity_n if_o we_o believe_v the_o story_n which_o some_o of_o the_o german_a antiquary_n report_v of_o it_o for_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o be_v the_o very_a place_n which_o several_a of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a writer_n point_v at_o when_o they_o report_v great_a thing_n of_o lacinium_n rhodopolis_n and_o laciburgium_n all_o which_o name_v the_o modern_a historian_n appropriate_v to_o rostock_n but_o how_o its_o name_n come_v at_o last_o to_o be_v change_v for_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o little_a affinity_n betwixt_o lacinium_n or_o laciburgium_n and_o rostock_n although_o rhodopolis_n come_v something_o near_o to_o the_o modern_a name_n they_o can_v so_o easy_o determine_v some_o think_v the_o word_n rostock_n or_o rostzogz_v a_o compound_n of_o two_o old_a wendish_n monosyllable_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o confluence_n of_o two_o river_n so_o that_o this_o city_n according_a to_o this_o derivation_n have_v its_o name_n at_o first_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o several_a great_a town_n in_o france_n be_v at_o this_o day_n name_v confluent_a the_o polish_v writer_n say_v the_o name_n be_v first_o give_v it_o by_o some_o of_o their_o countryman_n in_o who_o language_n rostock_n signify_v a_o moist_a or_o boggy_a place_n p._n lindebergius_n in_o his_o chronocle_n of_o rostoch_n prove_v from_o inscription_n upon_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o city_n and_o other_o ancient_a monument_n that_o the_o true_a name_n of_o the_o town_n be_v rotzstock_n and_o he_o guess_v that_o this_o name_n be_v first_o give_v it_o from_o a_o great_a red_a pillar_n von_fw-mi einem_fw-la rothen_fw-ge soul_fw-mi oder_fw-ge stock_n which_o in_o the_o day_n of_o paganism_n and_o idolatry_n be_v worship_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n and_o this_o conjecture_n seem_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o name_n of_o rhodopolis_n beforementioned_a not_o to_o mention_v its_o be_v back_v with_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o learned_a man_n and_o great_a antiquary_n but_o whatever_o grand_a conceit_n the_o mecklenburger_n may_v have_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o city_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o year_n 329_o it_o be_v only_o a_o small_a inconsiderable_a village_n build_v by_o some_o poor_a fisherman_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o warna_n and_o consist_v of_o a_o few_o slender_a tent_n rather_o than_o house_n afterward_o it_o be_v advance_v into_o a_o small_a city_n by_o gotheschalk_n king_n of_o the_o heruli_n and_o by_o his_o successor_n primislaus_n the_o second_o notable_o enlarge_v about_o the_o year_n 1160._o at_o last_o burevinus_n primislaus_n son_n make_v it_o a_o complete_a city_n have_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o wall_v it_o about_o and_o new_a model_v it_o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lubeck_n burevinus_n charter_n which_o the_o citizen_n of_o rostock_n show_v to_o this_o day_n among_o other_o record_n of_o their_o corporation_n be_v sign_v in_o the_o year_n 1218._o at_o this_o day_n it_o consist_v of_o three_o part_n the_o old_a new_a and_o middle_a city_n in_o all_o which_o be_v reckon_v 140_o street_n and_o many_o thousand_o of_o high_a and_o stately_a citizen_n house_n the_o most_o memorable_a thing_n in_o rostock_n be_v usual_o by_o the_o mecklenburger_n in_o their_o saxon_a dialect_n reckon_v up_o in_o the_o follow_a rithm_n seven_o doren_n tho_o st._n marien-karcke_a seven_o straten_v van_fw-mi den_fw-mi grooten_a marckle_z seven_o thore_fw-la so_o der_fw-ge gahn_fw-ge tho_o land_n seven_o kopmans_n bruggen_n by_o they_fw-mi strande_fw-fr seven_o tear_v so_o up_o den_fw-mi radthuss_n staan_n seven_o klocken_n die_v daar_o daglycken_v slaan_n seven_o linden_fw-mi open_fw-mi den_fw-mi rosen-garden_n that_o sin_v die_v rostocker_n kennewarten_v i_o e._n there_o be_v seven_o time_n seven_o remarkable_a thing_n in_o rostock_n 1._o seven_o great_a door_n to_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o st._n mary_n 2._o seven_o large_a street_n lead_v to_o the_o chief_a marketplace_n 3._o seven_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n towards_o the_o land_n seven_o bridge_n over_o the_o warna_n which_o run_v through_o several_a place_n of_o the_o town_n 5._o seven_o tower_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o town_n hall_n 6._o seven_o great_a bell_n which_o chime_n at_o certain_a hour_n in_o the_o town_n clock_n 7._o seven_o vast_a linden_n tree_n in_o the_o common_a garden_n but_o of_o late_a year_n one_o of_o their_o bridge_n be_v decay_v with_o age_n fall_v down_o and_o because_o of_o no_o great_a use_n have_v not_o since_o be_v repair_v so_o that_o one_o of_o their_o septenaries_n be_v fail_v the_o most_o notable_a commodity_n of_o the_o town_n be_v beer_n which_o be_v here_o brew_v and_o carry_v into_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o other_o nation_n a_o rostocker_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o yearly_a by_o the_o 250_o privilege_a brewer_n in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v at_o least_o so_o many_o thousand_o tun_n of_o beer_n brew_v beside_o the_o vast_a quantity_n which_o many_o of_o the_o private_a citizen_n man_n especial_o of_o the_o chief_a rank_n and_o repute_v must_v be_v suppose_v to_o brew_v for_o their_o own_o use_n the_o university_n at_o rostock_n which_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o large_a and_o best_a stock_v in_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v first_o found_v by_o john_n
they_o in_o the_o year_n 1648_o which_o have_v not_o since_o be_v rebuilt_a however_o the_o place_n be_v still_o beautify_v with_o a_o fair_a church_n college_n and_o town-hall_n and_o the_o street_n especial_o the_o marketplace_n which_o be_v in_o a_o exact_a square_n be_v general_o neat_a and_o uniform_a oelsse_a have_v ancient_o its_o own_o duke_n who_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o that_o city_n but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n conrade_n the_o eight_o in_o the_o year_n 1492._o the_o dukedom_n be_v give_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n who_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v lord_n of_o it_o in_o this_o principality_n be_v reckon_v the_o small_a city_n of_o bernstatt_n festenberg_n kunstatt_n stroppen_n mosebahr_n hundsfeld_n and_o trebnitz_n vi_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o breslaw_n breslaw_n or_o wratislavia_n the_o metropolis_n of_o silesia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o wratislaus_n a_o bohemian_a prince_n its_o first_o founder_n whence_o the_o citizen_n bear_v a_o great_a w_n in_o their_o coat_n of_o arm_n to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o river_n other_o and_o ohla_n in_o a_o rich_a and_o pleasant_a country_n towards_o the_o north_n indeed_o there_o be_v some_o marsh_n and_o moist_a field_n whence_o be_v now_o and_o then_o some_o unwholesome_a gale_n send_v into_o the_o town_n and_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v build_v in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o great_a pond_n dry_v up_o the_o citizen_n who_o be_v exceed_o numerous_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a traffic_n with_o the_o hungarian_n bohemian_o polander_n and_o other_o foreign_a merchant_n who_o resort_v hither_o be_v say_v to_o be_v as_o neat_a and_o gentile_a in_o their_o clothes_n and_o cookery_n as_o any_o other_o of_o the_o emperor_n subject_n whatever_o breslawer_n love_v to_o be_v esteem_v immediate_a member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o can_v endure_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o have_v obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o bear_v the_o spread_a eagle_n in_o their_o escutcheon_n and_o that_o they_o petition_v charles_n v._o to_o confirm_v their_o privilege_n for_o this_o reason_n m._n boregius_n a_o breslaw_a who_o write_v a_o chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n rank_n breslaw_n among_o the_o imperial_a city_n but_o never_o mention_v it_o with_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n town_n although_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v former_o subject_n to_o that_o prince_n this_o goldastus_n in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bchemia_n evident_o prove_v notwithstanding_o what_o be_v usual_o allege_v as_o a_o argument_n to_o the_o contrary_a by_o some_o ignorant_a and_o silly_a historian_n that_o it_o be_v once_o one_o of_o the_o hans-town_n the_o generality_n of_o the_o building_n in_o this_o city_n be_v fair_a and_o stately_a only_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o other_o stand_v four_o old_a fashion_a fabric_n with_o turret_n on_o the_o top_n which_o the_o antiquary_n of_o this_o place_n fancy_n to_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a palace_n of_o so_o many_o schwabish_a prince_n who_o in_o former_a day_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o city_n beside_o the_o vast_a traffic_n of_o the_o citizen_n the_o town_n be_v famous_a for_o a_o bishop_n see_v and_o a_o university_n wherein_o have_v be_v breed_v many_o learned_a man_n and_o some_o great_a writer_n the_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n who_o have_v ancient_o the_o epiphet_n or_o title_n of_o golden_a give_v they_o from_o their_o vast_a revenue_n be_v put_v in_o by_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n who_o they_o acknowledge_v their_o supreme_a head_n at_o least_o in_o temporal_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a tradition_n in_o these_o part_n that_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n have_v no_o power_n to_o promote_v a_o stranger_n to_o any_o bishopric_n in_o silesia_n so_o that_o a_o bohemian_a be_v no_o more_o capable_a of_o be_v advance_v to_o one_o of_o their_o diocese_n then_o a_o silesian_n be_v of_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o prague_n but_o how_o false_a this_o report_n be_v historian_n will_v sufficient_o inform_v we_o boleslaus_n dukedom_n dukedom_n surname_v the_o long_a a_o polish_v prince_n be_v create_v the_o first_o duke_n of_o breslaw_n and_o lignitz_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n in_o the_o year_n 1163._o but_o these_o kind_n of_o petty_a prince_n not_o be_v able_a to_o secure_v their_o territory_n and_o especial_o this_o large_a and_o rich_a city_n which_o be_v a_o bait_n sufficient_a to_o tempt_v the_o most_o potent_a prince_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n polander_n and_o other_o foreign_a enemy_n the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n be_v force_v to_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n or_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o emperor_n of_o germany_n to_o who_o they_o be_v now_o immediate_o subject_a vii_o the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n lignitz_n a_o fair_a city_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o small_a rivulet_n call_v katsbach_n be_v think_v to_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o lygii_n city_n city_n a_o german_a people_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o part_n of_o silesia_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1170_o this_o town_n be_v much_o enlarge_v beautify_v and_o fortify_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o long_a the_o first_o duke_n of_o lignitz_n after_o he_o duke_n frideric_n the_o second_o so_o far_o improve_v his_o predecessor_n boleslaus_n undertake_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1532_o it_o become_v one_o of_o the_o best_a fortify_v city_n next_o to_o breslaw_n in_o all_o silesia_n thing_n best_o worth_a see_v in_o the_o town_n be_v the_o hospital_n the_o town-hall_n and_o castle_n the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o best_a corn-country_n in_o silesia_n dukedom_n dukedom_n and_o afford_v near_o as_o great_a plenty_n of_o the_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n especial_o the_o white_a sort_n which_o be_v here_o more_o plentiful_a then_o in_o any_o other_o province_n the_o whole_a be_v common_o subdivide_v into_o seven_o circle_n whereof_o four_o have_v name_n from_o the_o four_o city_n of_o luben_n parchwitz_n hayn_n and_o goldberg_n and_o the_o other_o three_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o barren_a or_o desert_a part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n viii_o the_o ducal_z city_n of_o jawer_n schweidnitz_n brieg_n monsterberg_n and_o oppelen_n the_o city_n of_o jawer_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a valley_n jawer_n jawer_n though_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o rugged_a crag_n and_o mountain_n which_o separate_a silesia_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n it_o have_v not_o the_o advantage_n of_o any_o river_n near_o it_o so_o that_o all_o the_o fortification_n it_o have_v be_v high_a rampire_n and_o deep_a ditch_n there_o be_v little_a of_o note_n in_o the_o town_n but_o the_o church_n burn_v down_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n a._n d._n 1648._o but_o rebuilt_a more_o stately_a than_o before_o and_o the_o castle_n wherein_o reside_v the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o two_o dukedom_n of_o jawer_n and_o schweidnitz_n the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o king_n of_o bohemia_n marry_v ann_n daughter_n of_o henry_n ii_o duke_n of_o javer_n who_o with_o his_o brother_n bolco_n duke_n of_o schweidnitz_n die_v without_o issue_n whereupon_o these_o two_o dukedom_n be_v more_o immediate_o subject_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o who_o hand_n they_o still_o remain_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o javer_n belong_v the_o town_n of_o buntzlau_n lemberg_n schonau_n greiffenberg_n lahn_n fridberg_n lubenthal_n schmideberg_n naumburg_n upon_o the_o queiss_n kupfferberg_n and_o hirschberg_n 2._o schweidnitz_n or_o schweinnitz_n schweidnitz_n schweidnitz_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o great_a herd_n of_o wild_a swine_n which_o be_v harbour_v in_o this_o place_n before_o the_o forest_n be_v cut_v down_o in_o the_o year_n 1070._o whence_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o town_n be_v a_o wild_a boar._n it_o be_v afterward_o much_o enlarge_v by_o boleslaus_n i._n who_o fortify_v it_o with_o wall_n and_o rampire_n and_o beautify_v it_o with_o several_a fair_a building_n so_o that_o it_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o fine_a city_n in_o silesia_n the_o most_o remarkable_a sight_n in_o the_o town_n next_o to_o the_o church_n and_o other_o public_a building_n be_v the_o great_a gun_n in_o the_o armoury_n which_o carry_v a_o bullet_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o pound_n weight_n this_o be_v by_o schickfusius_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o curaeus_n chronicle_n of_o silesia_n very_o improper_o reckon_v among_o the_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a blessing_n which_o the_o almighty_a have_v be_v please_v to_o bestow_v on_o some_o of_o the_o city_n in_o silesia_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n be_v the_o town_n of_o strigau_n memorable_a as_o we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v
east_n of_o the_o dukedom_n divide_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o hungary_n and_o poland_n mention_v usual_o in_o latin_a writer_n by_o the_o name_n of_o montes_n carpatii_n or_o hungarici_n but_o by_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n call_v common_o jablunka_n among_o these_o hill_n the_o silesian_n find_v the_o chief_a treasure_n of_o their_o great_a dukedom_n have_v here_o a_o great_a many_o mine_n of_o silver_n and_o lead_n the_o miner_n that_o inhabit_v these_o part_n be_v call_v by_o their_o neighbour_n die_v walachen_n and_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o people_n much_o more_o rough_a and_o rustical_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o silesian_n a_o vast_a company_n of_o these_o boar_n in_o the_o year_n 1643_o revolt_v from_o the_o imperialist_n and_o flee_v to_o the_o swedish_n army_n but_o be_v not_o long_o after_o reclaim_v the_o other_o row_n of_o mountain_n be_v on_o the_o south_n and_o divide_v the_o dukedom_n of_o teschen_n from_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n these_o hill_n the_o native_n call_v gesencke_v but_o latin_a author_n make_v they_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sudetes_n and_o name_v they_o montes_n moravici_n these_o latter_a do_v not_o afford_v that_o plenty_n of_o ore_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o former_a but_o be_v tolerable_o well_o stock_v with_o mineral_n and_o some_o metal_n and_o supply_v what_o they_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o other_o in_o this_o kind_n with_o huge_a flock_n of_o sheep_n which_o be_v here_o pasture_v other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o teschen_n be_v bielitz_n freystattlein_n friedick_n jablunke_v which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o eastern_a row_n of_o mountain_n abovementioned_a nistkow_n strummen_n skotschau_n and_o schwartzwasser_n some_o add_v lassla_n with_o who_o agree_v j._n scultetus_n map_n of_o silesia_n but_o this_o town_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o troppau_n x._o the_o county_n and_o city_n of_o glatz_n among_o the_o montes_n sudetes_n lie_v the_o county_n of_o glatz_n county_n county_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o moravia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o bohemia_n and_o on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n for_o which_o reason_n modern_a geographer_n have_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n to_o determine_v which_o of_o the_o three_o nation_n they_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o some_o of_o they_o make_v it_o a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohehemia_n other_o esteem_v it_o a_o petty_a province_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n and_o a_o three_o sort_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v most_o probability_n on_o their_o side_n call_v it_o a_o silesian_n county_n it_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o marsigni_n in_o who_o day_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n be_v call_v luca._n after_o they_o the_o hungarian_n get_v possession_n of_o this_o and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n and_o keep_v it_o till_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o rout_v they_o and_o hang_v up_o their_o chief_a commander_n in_o one_o of_o the_o forest_n of_o this_o county_n from_o this_o great_a hungarian_a warrior_n who_o name_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v glozar_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n or_o glotz_n be_v first_o name_v though_o other_o etymologist_n think_v its_o ancient_a name_n to_o be_v klotz_n which_o signify_v proper_o the_o root_n and_o trunk_n of_o a_o tree_n but_o be_v sometime_o take_v for_o a_o large_a forest_n or_o copps_z of_o shrub_n such_o as_o they_o tell_v we_o once_o grow_v in_o the_o place_n where_o glatz_n now_o stand_v the_o nobility_n of_o this_o county_n have_v a_o tradition_n among_o they_o that_o before_o their_o land_n be_v conquer_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o make_v christian_a this_o county_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n by_o who_o it_o be_v afterward_o bestow_v on_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n m._n george_n aelurius_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o glatz_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1625_o say_v that_o it_o be_v as_o his_o countryman_n affirm_v subject_n at_o first_o to_o the_o emperor_n but_o afterward_o win_v and_o enjoy_v for_o some_o time_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o who_o the_o bohemian_o take_v it_o and_o as_o appear_v from_o the_o record_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v master_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1074_o and_o 1114._o after_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n make_v themselves_o lord_n of_o the_o county_n of_o glatz_n which_o within_o a_o while_n return_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o then_o back_o again_o to_o the_o foresay_a duke_n in_o this_o state_n it_o continue_v till_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o in_o who_o reign_n it_o be_v once_o more_o subject_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o thus_o it_o continue_v till_o king_n george_n about_o the_o year_n 1460_o bestow_v the_o city_n of_o glatz_n munsterberg_n and_o franckenstein_n upon_o his_o own_o son_n who_o thereupon_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n and_o earl_n of_o glatz_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iv_o in_o the_o year_n 1500_o the_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n sell_v this_o country_n to_o vlric_n earl_n of_o hardegg_n who_o successor_n within_o less_o than_o forty_o year_n after_o sell_v it_o again_o to_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n i._n who_o bestow_v it_o on_o the_o lord_n of_o bernstein_n from_o they_o it_o descend_v a._n d._n 1549_o upon_o ernest_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n after_o who_o death_n it_o return_v again_o to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o country_n be_v iron_n coal_n silver-ore_n timber_n all_o sort_n of_o venison_n and_o tame_a cattle_n butter_n cheese_n etc._n etc._n how_o rich_a the_o country_n be_v may_v hence_o easy_o be_v gather_v that_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n steward_n and_o rent-gatherers_a have_v be_v know_v to_o bring_v into_o their_o master_n coffer_n near_o forty_o thousand_o ricxdollar_n yearly_o out_o of_o this_o one_o county_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n be_v a_o neat_a and_o compact_a town_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o neisse_n but_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o neighbour_a hill_n which_o overlook_v and_o command_v the_o town_n the_o great_a church_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v former_o the_o temple_n of_o a_o idol_n worship_v by_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n in_o which_o as_o aelurius_n tell_v we_o the_o young_a maid_n of_o the_o country_n use_v to_o nail_v up_o their_o hair_n against_o the_o wall_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o that_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o several_a of_o these_o kind_n of_o tabulae_fw-la votivae_fw-la be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o charter_n of_o their_o city_n permit_v their_o magistrate_n to_o coin_v money_n in_o their_o own_o name_n but_o they_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o the_o privilege_n any_o further_a than_o to_o give_v abroad_o a_o kind_n of_o small_a coin_n little_o better_o than_o the_o farthing_n and_o halfpence_n late_o currant_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o no_o better_a man_n than_o a_o ordinary_a grocer_n or_o chandler_n in_o most_o of_o our_o market-town_n in_o england_n beside_o glatz_n there_o be_v the_o follow_v nine_o great_a town_n in_o this_o county_n havelswerd_v neurode_o winschelburg_n mitselwald_n reinertz_n lewin_n landeck_v beurath_n and_o wilhelmsthal_n or_o neustatl_n beside_o a_o hundred_o fair_a village_n and_o upward_o marchionatus_n moraviae_n auct_n i._o comenio_n excudebat_fw-la janssonio-waesbergä_a moses_n pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanus_n swart_a notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs_fw-la muris_fw-la cincla_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n turritus_fw-la arx_n zamek_a castellum_n â—â—â—z_fw-fr pagi_n innominati_n monasterium_fw-la vinetorum_fw-la colle_n thermae_n seu_fw-la aquae_fw-la medicale_n officinae_fw-la â—â—â—â—aria_fw-it auri_fw-la et_fw-fr argenti_n fodinae_fw-la ferri_n fodinae_fw-la the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n moravia_n be_v common_o in_o the_o bohemian_a writer_n prefer_v before_o silesia_n although_o this_o late_a be_v a_o dukedom_n and_o the_o other_o no_o more_o than_o a_o marquisate_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o preeminence_n must_v be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o this_o marquisate_n have_v be_v ancient_o a_o kingdom_n or_o else_o to_o its_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n before_o ever_o the_o silesian_n embrace_v their_o yoke_n the_o german_n call_v this_o country_n mahren_n and_o some_o of_o their_o writer_n will_v have_v it_o name_v mehrhenland_n or_o equarum_fw-la regio_fw-la imagine_v the_o true_a etymology_n of_o the_o word_n to_o come_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o horse_n or_o mare_n breed_v in_o this_o marquisate_n but_o certain_o the_o word_n moravia_n which_o be_v undoubted_o of_o the_o same_o offspring_n with_o the_o
schweinfurt_n which_o some_o geographer_n bring_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o principality_n schmalcad_n be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o this_o principality_n but_o be_v not_o esteem_v so_o now_o principatus_fw-la hennenbergensis_n comitatus_n wertheimici_n finitimarumqve_fw-la regionum_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la exacta_fw-la descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o wertheim_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o tauber_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o main_a be_v seat_v the_o city_n of_o wertheim_n in_o a_o fruitful_a soil_n and_o good_a air_n the_o citizen_n who_o chief_a trade_n be_v in_o make_v wine_n live_v former_o in_o good_a credit_n till_o upon_o some_o disagreement_n between_o they_o and_o their_o earl_n who_o endeavour_v to_o reestablish_v popery_n in_o the_o town_n they_o be_v bring_v to_o so_o great_a poverty_n and_o strait_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o religion_n that_o they_o have_v scarce_o be_v able_a to_o recruit_v themselves_o to_o this_o day_n however_o they_o still_o stick_v close_o to_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n and_o be_v zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o saint_n luther_n the_o county_n of_o wertheim_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o old_a francia_n orientalis_n as_o lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o river_n main_a be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o bishopric_n of_o wurtzburg_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o county_n of_o hohenloe_n and_o the_o palatinate_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o silua_fw-la ottonica_fw-la and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o large_a forest_n of_o speshart_n this_o province_n afford_v much_o more_o plenty_n of_o corn_n than_o the_o territory_n about_o francfurt_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o way_n inferior_a to_o those_o for_o the_o goodness_n of_o its_o wine_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v here_o good_a store_n of_o meadow_n and_o pasture-ground_n for_o cattle_n which_o bring_v in_o yearly_a as_o great_a revenue_n as_o their_o best_a vineyard_n they_o have_v no_o want_n of_o wild_a fowl_n and_o be_v cloy_v with_o venison_n among_o the_o several_a village_n that_o have_v dependence_n upon_o the_o city_n of_o wertheim_n niclashausen_n niclashausen_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v niclashausen_n famous_a for_o the_o birth_n and_o education_n of_o one_o john_n behaim_n who_o be_v burn_v for_o a_o heretic_n at_o wurtzburg_n a._n d._n 1476._o the_o occasion_n whereof_o be_v this_o the_o poor_a boar_n be_v melancholy_a and_o crack-brained_a fancy_v daily_o that_o he_o see_v in_o his_o melancholy_n and_o dumpish_a fit_n strange_a and_o terrible_a apparition_n one_o time_n the_o virgin_n marry_o forsooth_o among_o his_o other_o spiritual_a guest_n give_v he_o a_o visit_n and_o grow_v so_o familiar_a as_o to_o communicate_v to_o he_o several_a deep_a intrigue_n and_o secret_n the_o choice_a whereof_o be_v that_o there_o lie_v no_o obligation_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o burgher_n of_o wertheim_n to_o show_v any_o manner_n of_o respect_n to_o their_o earl_n or_o inferior_a magistrate_n but_o that_o they_o be_v all_o as_o free_v and_o boundless_a as_o the_o river_n that_o water_v their_o country_n this_o be_v a_o plausible_a doctrine_n in_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o commonalty_n and_o need_v but_o little_a divine_a revelation_n to_o authorise_v it_o so_o that_o behaim_n have_v present_o more_o proselyte_n than_o all_o the_o preacher_n in_o the_o country_n and_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n have_v pervert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o county_n have_v he_o not_o early_o be_v overpower_v and_o prevent_v by_o the_o bishop_n force_n erpach_n norimberg_n hanaw_n etc._n etc._n be_v purposely_o omit_v in_o this_o place_n though_o part_n of_o franconia_n as_o be_v reserve_v for_o the_o second_o volume_n of_o germany_n the_o county_n palatinate_n of_o the_o rhine_n die_v pfaltz_n which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a german_a word_n for_o this_o county_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o palatium_n name_n name_n whereof_o palatinus_n be_v only_o a_o adjective_n possessive_a now_o how_o palatium_n shall_v be_v a_o name_n give_v to_o a_o county_n or_o palatinus_n to_o a_o earl_n we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n treat_v of_o the_o high_a dutch_a nobility_n in_o the_o general_n description_n of_o germany_n there_o be_v only_o at_o this_o day_n two_o county_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n which_o be_v usual_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o counties_n palatinate_n whereof_o one_o the_o upper_a palatinate_n be_v part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bavaria_n and_o shall_v be_v treat_v of_o elsewhere_o about_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o bound_n bound_n very_o little_a of_o the_o country_n about_o huydelberg_n be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o low_a palatinate_n but_o most_o of_o the_o city_n in_o this_o neighbourhood_n be_v either_o imperial_a or_o subject_a to_o some_o other_o prince_n than_o the_o count_v palatine_n who_o be_v now_o by_o marriage_n conquest_n or_o purchase_n master_n of_o the_o land_n before_o the_o bohemian_a war_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o frideric_n count_n palatine_n and_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n the_o territory_n and_o revenue_n of_o this_o prince_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o make_v he_o more_o formidable_a than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o elector_n but_o such_o be_v his_o misfortune_n in_o those_o bloody_a engagement_n that_o he_o lose_v both_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n which_o he_o contend_v for_o and_o also_o all_o his_o own_o hereditary_a dignity_n and_o estate_n the_o upper_a palatinate_n be_v seize_v on_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o the_o low_a conquer_a and_o subdue_v by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n the_o late_a count_n charles-ludowic_a son_n to_o the_o unfortunate_a king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v restore_v to_o some_o part_n of_o his_o father_n dominion_n in_o the_o low_a palatinate_n but_o these_o be_v of_o no_o great_a extent_n and_o be_v still_o like_a to_o be_v lessen_v by_o the_o daily_a encroachment_n of_o the_o french_a king_n this_o country_n be_v much_o the_o pleasant_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n soil_n soil_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o great_a wonder_n that_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n have_v in_o all_o age_n watch_v a_o opportunity_n of_o get_v it_o into_o their_o clutch_n the_o hill_n be_v cover_v with_o vine_n which_o yield_v that_o rich_a liquor_n know_v all_o europe_n over_o by_o the_o name_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n the_o plain_n and_o valley_n afford_v plenty_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n and_o fruit_n and_o the_o forest_n be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o deer_n and_o other_o game_n the_o rhine_n pass_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o county_n give_v a_o fair_a advantage_n of_o export_v the_o commodity_n of_o this_o and_o import_v those_o of_o foreign_a nation_n the_o river_n rhine_n and_o neccar_n have_v store_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o hill_n want_v neither_o metal_n nor_o mineral_n that_o part_n of_o the_o low_a palatinate_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v first_o conquer_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o french_a of_o who_o kingdom_n it_o be_v a_o part_n but_o more_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o earl_n of_o the_o moselle_n afterward_o when_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lorraine_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v betwixt_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n this_o territory_n become_v a_o share_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n but_o be_v still_o possess_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o moselle_n as_o before_o upon_o the_o failure_n of_o that_o family_n it_o fall_v under_o the_o more_o immediate_a power_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o for_o many_o good_a office_n do_v they_o be_v please_v to_o bestow_v it_o on_o the_o elector_n palatine_a by_o the_o same_o mean_n they_o become_v master_n of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o country_n on_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n upon_o extirpation_n of_o the_o house_n of_o schwaben_n the_o present_a elector_n palatine_n be_v count_n charles_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o who_o be_v bear_v on_o the_o last_o day_n of_o may_n in_o the_o year_n 1651_o and_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o electorate_v upon_o the_o late_a death_n of_o his_o father_n charles-ludowic_a a._n d._n 1680._o he_o be_v a_o pious_a and_o learned_a prince_n and_o tread_v much_o in_o the_o step_n of_o his_o father_n who_o possible_o be_v consider_v the_o trouble_n he_o have_v undergo_v as_o learned_a a_o prince_n as_o europe_n afford_v in_o his_o time_n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o elector_n ancestor_n be_v say_v to_o have_v amount_v to_o 100000_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a nor_o can_v we_o well_o imagine_v they_o to_o have_v be_v less_o when_o only_o the_o silver_n mine_n about_o amberg_n in_o the_o upper_a palatinate_n yield_v 60000_o crown_n a_o year_n and_o the_o passage_n over_o one_o bridge_n across_o the_o rhine_n bring_v in_o 20000_o more_o to_o which_o if_o
a_o imperial_a city_n at_o the_o jesuit_n college_n be_v to_o be_v see_v before_o the_o war_n with_o france_n a_o large_a old_a roman_a aries_n or_o battering-ram_n a_o piece_n of_o antiquity_n of_o great_a value_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v now_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o i_o know_v not_o to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v moltzheim_n have_v on_o the_o brusch_n seltz_n and_o some_o few_o town_n more_o place_n of_o no_o great_a note_n before_o they_o be_v visit_v by_o the_o french_a army_n and_o of_o much_o less_o since_o the_o chief_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o upper_a alsace_n the_o city_n of_o brisach_n call_v by_o antonine_n in_o his_o itenerary_n mons_fw-la brisiacus_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o brisgow_n the_o old_a inhabitant_n of_o which_o province_n we_o find_v often_o mention_v in_o latin_a historian_n by_o the_o name_n of_o brisigavi_n or_o brisigavii_n b._n rhenanus_fw-la and_o some_o other_o high_a dutch_a antiquary_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o brisach_n stand_v former_o on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n because_o on_o that_o side_n the_o old_a roman_n use_v to_o build_v their_o fort_n and_o on_o the_o east_n of_o this_o town_n there_o be_v still_o a_o great_a hollow_a valley_n which_o they_o take_v for_o the_o ancient_a channel_n of_o the_o rhine_n but_o cluverius_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o prove_v that_o the_o emperor_n valentinian_n who_o all_o allow_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o brisach_n build_v castle_n on_o both_o side_n the_o river_n the_o town_n stand_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o round_a hill_n excellent_o well_o fortify_v both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n but_o they_o have_v only_o one_o deep_a well_o which_o supply_v the_o whole_a city_n with_o water_n the_o river_n be_v at_o some_o distance_n and_o the_o passage_n troublesome_a in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n this_o town_n be_v besiege_v and_o take_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o saxon-weimar_n who_o force_n be_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o courage_n and_o gallantry_n resist_v by_o the_o imperialist_n for_o four_o month_n together_o during_o which_o time_n the_o besiege_a be_v bring_v to_o those_o extremity_n as_o to_o dig_v up_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o their_o soldier_n after_o they_o have_v be_v some_o day_n bury_v and_o to_o eat_v their_o flesh_n in_o this_o siege_n 80000_o man_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v slay_v and_o about_o 1100000_o rixdollar_n spend_v in_o ammunition_n on_o both_o side_n since_o that_o time_n a._n d._n 1638_o the_o french_a under_o who_o banner_n the_o forementioned_a duke_n of_o saxony_n then_o bear_v arm_n have_v remain_v master_n of_o this_o city_n wherein_o their_o present_a victorious_a king_n have_v of_o late_o repair_v its_o fortification_n keep_v a_o strong_a garrison_n and_o a_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o chamber_n at_o spire_n which_o decide_v all_o controversy_n in_o his_o new_a conquest_n levy_n contribution_n give_v he_o right_o to_o all_o neighbour_a village_n as_o dependency_n on_o some_o great_a town_n yield_v up_o to_o he_o by_o the_o late_a treaty_n at_o nimiguen_n etc._n etc._n 2._o freyburg_n in_o brisgow_n be_v at_o first_o a_o village_n build_v by_o a_o company_n of_o miner_n who_o wrought_v at_o the_o silver_n and_o copper_n mine_n about_o a_o german_a mile_n from_o brisach_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n grow_v so_o rich_a as_o to_o purchase_v the_o estate_n and_o title_n of_o nobleman_n by_o this_o mean_v their_o village_n grow_v up_o into_o a_o large_a city_n which_o be_v able_a upon_o a_o very_a short_a warning_n to_o send_v into_o the_o field_n three_o thousand_o fight_a man_n this_o city_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n a._n d._n 1386_o and_o be_v by_o the_o present_a emperor_n resign_v up_o to_o the_o french_a together_o with_o its_o village_n of_o lehn_n mezhausen_n and_o kirchzart_n in_o exchange_n for_o philipsburg_n there_o be_v in_o the_o town_n fourteen_o religious_a house_n and_o a_o university_n found_v by_o albert_n archduke_n of_o austria_n in_o the_o year_n 1450._o the_o citizen_n be_v excellent_a artist_n at_o polish_n all_o manner_n of_o precious_a stone_n such_o especial_o as_o be_v find_v in_o lorraine_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n 3._o near_o the_o place_n where_o the_o imperial_a city_n colmar_n be_v now_o seat_v stand_v the_o ancient_a argentuaria_n which_o be_v conquer_v by_o gratian_n the_o emperor_n a._n d._n 378_o and_o afterward_o destroy_v by_o the_o gothic_a general_n attila_n out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o this_o old_a town_n colmar_n or_o cole-market_n be_v first_o build_v a_o city_n which_o stand_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o fruitful_a country_n and_o former_o so_o populous_a that_o in_o the_o great_a church_n at_o a_o easter-time_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o have_v near_o four_o thousand_o communicant_n but_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n wherein_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o swedish_n force_n and_o by_o they_o resign_v to_o the_o french_a and_o the_o late_a engagement_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n army_n have_v make_v it_o as_o desolate_a of_o inhabitant_n as_o house_n vtriusque_fw-la alsatiae_fw-la superioris_fw-la ac_fw-la inferioris_fw-la nova_fw-la tabula_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a lantgraff_n in_o obern_n elssas_n lantgraff_n in_o vnderen_n elssa_n alsatia_n inferior_a apud_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n alsatia_n superior_n cum_fw-la suntgoia_n et_fw-fr brisgoia_n terrirotium_fw-la argentoratense_n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr ptephanum_n swart_a mulnhausen_n by_o most_o late_a geographer_n place_v in_o the_o upper_a alsace_n be_v one_o of_o the_o confederate_a city_n of_o switzerland_n keysersberg_n and_o turcheim_n be_v imperial_a city_n but_o of_o no_o great_a note_n the_o city_n and_o bishopric_n of_o strasburg_n argentina_n be_v a_o name_n of_o a_o monkish_a invention_n instead_o of_o argentoratum_n as_o well_o as_o moguntia_n for_o moguntiacum_n to_o omit_v other_o frivolous_a conjecture_n about_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n argentoratum_n and_o strasburg_n we_o shall_v satisfy_v ourselves_o with_o the_o fancy_n of_o the_o learned_a cluverius_n who_o think_v the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o famous_a city_n to_o have_v be_v argen_n straaten_v or_o bad-street_n which_o may_v easy_o by_o add_v a_o latin_a termination_n be_v turn_v into_o argentratum_n or_o argentoratum_n and_o afterward_o by_o omit_v the_o two_o first_o syllable_n and_o annex_v burg_n to_o denote_v some_o new_a build_v fort_n with_o as_o much_o ease_n turn_v to_o straetburg_n or_o straesburg_n this_o city_n though_o at_o first_o design_v only_o for_o a_o strong_a fortification_n be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o most_o populous_a and_o best_a trade_v town_n in_o germany_n the_o citizen_n be_v general_o courteous_a and_o rich_a most_o of_o their_o merchant_n and_o magistrate_n have_v house_n fit_a to_o entertain_v so_o many_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o cathedral_n be_v one_o of_o the_o wonder_n of_o germany_n describe_v at_o large_a by_o os_fw-la schadaeus_n in_o a_o particular_a tract_n upon_o this_o subject_n by_o he_o publish_v at_o strasburg_n a._n d._n 1617._o the_o tower_n of_o this_o church_n be_v the_o high_a in_o the_o german_a empire_n nay_o possible_o in_o europe_n or_o the_o whole_a world_n some_o have_v reckon_v it_o perpendicular_a from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o spire_n to_o the_o ground_n at_o 574_o other_o 575_o geometrical_a foot_n but_o schadaeus_n who_o seem_v most_o accurate_a in_o his_o computation_n say_v it_o be_v 489_o foot_n and_o 8_o inch_n yet_o much_o more_o famous_a be_v this_o cathedral_n for_o the_o great_a clock_n in_o it_o which_o by_o the_o honourable_a mr._n boyle_n and_o some_o other_o of_o our_o ingenious_a virtuoso_n have_v be_v mention_v as_o a_o instance_n of_o the_o late_a great_a improvement_n of_o art_n mechanical_a it_o be_v finish_v in_o the_o year_n 1574_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o magistracy_n of_o the_o town_n by_o one_o habrecht_n a_o famous_a artificer_n of_o who_o work_n they_o have_v many_o more_o piece_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n this_o workman_n have_v his_o instruction_n from_o d._n wolckenstein_n and_o conr._n dasypodius_n two_o learned_a mathematician_n the_o latter_a whereof_o have_v publish_v a_o tract_n about_o this_o clock_n the_o first_o thing_n present_v to_o your_o view_n be_v a_o celestial_a globe_n with_o all_o the_o motion_n of_o planet_n fix_a star_n etc._n etc._n behind_o which_o there_o be_v a_o perpetual_a almanac_n wherein_o the_o day_n of_o the_o month_n be_v point_v at_o by_o a_o statue_n stand_v by_o the_o hour_n be_v crow_v by_o a_o gild_a cock_n and_o afterward_o strike_v on_o a_o bell_n by_o a_o angel_n not_o far_o from_o which_o stand_v another_o angel_n with_o a_o hourglass_n in_o its_o hand_n which_o it_o turn_v round_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o clock_n have_v do_v strike_v the_o first_o