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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51143	The history of painting, sculpture, architecture, graving, and of those who have excell'd in them in three books : containing their rise, progress, decay, and revival : with an account of the most considerable productions of the best artists in all ages, and how to distinguish the true and regular performances from those that are otherwise / by P. Monier ...; Histoire des arts qui ont rapport au dessein. English	Monier, Pierre, 1639-1703.	1699 (1699)	Wing M2419; ESTC R16358	161,014	242

Bezaleel (d) Jos Lib. 2. of Antiq. zaleel and Aholiab to make Golden Images of Cherubins and all the Ornaments of Architecture and Sculpture for the Tabernacle and the Ark of the Covenant CHAP. IV. The Egyptians Communicated these Arts to the Phoenicians and They carried them into Grece WE have no certainty that the Art of Designing was in Grece before the year of the World 2600 but that from the Egyptians it went to the Phoenicians under Agenor who Reigned at Tyre His Grandson Cadmus brought the first Letters and (a) About the Year of the World 2600. It was Cadmus who carried the first sixteen Letters of the Alphabet into Grece Palamedes added four about the time of the Trojan War Tacit. Ann. Lib. 11. Plutarch and Pliny Lib. 7. Chap. 56. Arts into Grece There he Built Thebes which he called so from the famous Thebes in (b) This City was so Famous that Germanicus made a journey on purpose to survey its magnificent Ruins H. R. de Coiseteau P. 276 and Cornelius Tacitus Lib. 2. says That in that one City were raised 700000 Soldiers Egypt About the end of the Third Age (c) In 2496 Athens was founded and it is supposed Argos was elder than that and Sicione then Argos Athens was founded by its First King Cecrops who came from Egypt where it is very probable he also laid the first Foundations of the Arts and Sciences It was here the famous Dedalus was born of the Royal (d) He lived about the year 2644 he was of the Race of the Kings of Athens Sons of Metion Cousin-German of Theseus according to Pausanias in his Attic. Diodorus Siculus and Eusebius Lib. 3. of P. E. and Plutarch in the Life of Theseus Diopenes and the Scylli were Sons of Dedalus Milo p. 828. They were Engravers and lived at Sicione Plin. L. 36. C. 4. Family excellent in the Art of Designing and Famous for his (e) It is thought the Beauty of his Statues gave occasion to the report of their Self-motion Machines and self-moving Statues he was also the first Engraver we have mentioned in the Grecian History This Learned Man Travelled into Egypt to see the Labyrinth from whence he formed the design of that he afterwards Built in Crete and though it was not the hundredth part of that in Egypt notwithstanding it was so famous for the Beauty of the Architecture and Sculpture that it was reckoned (f) Plin. Lib. 33. c. 13. among the Seven Wonders of the World Thirty four years after the Institution of the Olympick Games (g) In the year of the World 2836 began the Olympick Games from which time the Grecians computed Time by their Olympiads which returned every Five years happened the destruction of Troy at which time Architecture and Sculpture were much cultivated by the (h) Dedalus having lived near 200 years before the destruction of Troy his School brought up and sent several Engravers to Athens Sicione Candie and Sicily Milo and Pliny Lib. 36. c. 4. Grecians This is sufficiently evidenced by the structure of the Trojan Horse which an ingenious Engraver made for them who was also an excellent Architect (i) His Name was Epeus Dicrateus Justin Lib. 20. c. 2. Plin. Lib. 7. c. 56. after that he Built the City of Metapontus the Citizens (k) This City of Metapontus was in old Lucania which is Calabria It is now called Tore di Mare whereof to testify the Veneration they paid to his Memory kept the Iron Tools wherewith he made the Trojan Horse as venerable Relicks in the Temple of Minerva The elegant Description Homer gives us of the Buckler of Achilles is a sufficient evidence that the Arts of Cutting and Engraving were practised in Grece for that famous (l) Homer in his Iliads Lib. 18. It was held in great esteem in the year 3079. Ovid speaks also of this Buckler in the Thirteenth Book of his Metamorphosis Poet expresses so elegantly the Beauty of that Work that his Descriptions seem rather to be Engraven than Writ He moreover feigns by reason of its Excellence that it was wrought by Vulcan himself As for the Trojans it cannot be denied but that Engraving was in use among them for that Poet tells us that Eneas (m) Eneas went into Italy in the year 2872 he was the first King of the Latins after whom for 543 years there Reigned Nineteen Kings to the time of Romulus took particular care to carry his Penates or Houshold Gods along with him particularly the Palladium of (n) Plutarch in the Life of Fur. Camillus The Fifth Age began at the Foundation of Solomon's Temple and ended at the deliverance of the Jews out of the Babylonish Captivity containing from the year 2992 to 3468 which is 476 years Troy and the Idols of the Samothracians he took along with him into Italy CHAP. V. The Arts of Designing flourished under the Kings of Israel ONE hundred and fifty six years after the destruction of Troy Solomon being about to Build a Temple to the true God would not undertake that peice of Work till by diligent search he had found out all the most able and ingenious Workmen both in his own Dominions and elsewhere To this end he had recourse to the King of Tyre (a) Chron. Book 2. c. 2. The Temple of Solomon was finished in the year of the World 3000. his Friend who sent him Hiram whom through respect he called Father and who excelled in all Arts as appeared by the Architecture of the Temple and of the (b) Hiram made Two Palaces for Solomon the one in Jerusalem and the other in Mount Libanus Chron. 2. c. 9. Palaces which he inrich'd with innumerable Ornaments of Sculpture and Works of Gold In these spacious Buildings were to be seen the (c) This Throne was of Gold and Ivory with Figures and Lyons Magnificent Throne of Solomon the Cherubims the Vessels of Gold the Altar the Pillars and great (d) This Sea of Brass and several other rich Works were broke to pieces in the time of Nebuchadnezzar Sea of Brass which held 300 Measures of Water supported by Twelve Brazen Oxen All which rich Works demonstrate that Hiram was skilled in the Art of Founding as well as other parts of Designing Solomon after this led astray by his Concubines Built Temples to the Goddess of the (e) The Goddess of the Sidonians was Astarthon Sidonians to the Idol of the (f) The Idol of the Ammonites was Moloch Ammonites and to that of the (g) And that of the Moabites Camos Moabites After which Jeroboam and several of the Kings of Israel continued the Worship of false (h) They Sacrificed to the Idols of Baal and the Golden Calf and Jeroboam established that Worship 3 Kings c. 16. Ahab also Built a Temple to Baal in Samaria where he had 450 Prophets and 400 others who served in the Groves and all were fed at

THE HISTORY OF PAINTING SCULPTURE ARCHITECTURE GRAVING AND Of those who have Excell'd in them In Three BOOKS Containing their RISE PROGRESS DECAY and REVIVAL With an Account Of the most considerable Productions of the best ARTISTS in all Ages And how to distinguish the true and regular Performances from those that are otherwise By P. MONIER Painter to the French KING and Professor of Painting and Sculpture in the Royal Academy at PARIS LONDON Printed for T. Bennet at the Half-Moon D. Midwinter and T. Leigh at the Rose and Crown and R. Knaplock at the Angel in St. Pauls Church-Yard MDCXCIX THE PREFACE OF all the Products of human Wit whereof the Brain assisted by the Hand is capable there are none so admirable and excellent as the Arts which relate to Designing The ancient Grecians were of this Opinion They placed them among the Liberal Arts and set so great a value on them that their Slaves were forbidden to learn either Painting Sculpture or Architecture There were only Gentlemen permitted the Honour to Exercise them And even Princes themselves gloried in the Practice of them The Romans who endeavoured to imitate the Grecians in the Perfection of these Arts had the same Esteem for them for several Consuls and Emperors took pleasure in employing themselves therein And these Arts kept up their Excellency while the Empire was in its heighth but they began to decline when that became the Prey of several Tyrants who were the Cause of its Ruine Painting Sculpture and Architecture underwent the like Destiny for they lost the Protection and Esteem they found under the first Emperors and at length fell into that ill and rude Manner which has been since named Gothick or Barbarous But afterwards they regain'd new life and vigour under the Protection of several Princes and Republicks and by the Industry and Application of those ingenious Men who studied them It has not been without just Reasons that these Three illustrious Professions have always been valued and esteemed at so high a rate for their Beauties are always extremely pleasing to the Ingenious and there is nothing which more illustrates the Glory of Princes than the Productions of Designing In short the famous Structures of the Egyptians Grecians and Romans eternize the Memory of those Illustrious Persons for whose Glory they were raised They are also incontestable Witnesses of the Victories which their Great Captains obtain'd over other Nations Such clear evidences are more Authentick than any Histories for they represent to us without any prejudice the Truth of those Things for which those ancient Buildings were raised by the Art of Designing It was moreover by means of this Art that Medals were made which serve to confirm some very doubtful Matters of Fact related by History And express to us the Actions of Heroes and transmit their Memory to Posterity To these advantages may be added that of Military Architecture which derives its Principles from this Art and which is very necessary for the Security of Towns and Defence of Kingdoms Nor have the Arts of Designing been of less advantage to Princes in the Point of Religion than for the Defence of their States The Heathens were very Curious in and made it a considerable Part of their Religious Worship to distinguish the Forms they made their Temples of according to the different Divinities they therein worshipp'd Since that time several of those Temples have been made use of (a) At Rome several of the Popes by permission of the Emperors of Constantinople converted several of the Heathen Temples into Christian Churches as that of the Pantheon which is now the Church of Notre-Dame de la Rotonde and that of Romulus was dedicated to St. Cosmus and St. Damian and also that of Bacchus which is at present called St. Estienne the round for the Worship of the true God But those that have been built on purpose for the Christian Religion surpass those ancient Temples And this may be seen in several Places and chiefly in St. Peter's at Rome the noblest Church that was ever seen The Churches are adorn'd with Statues with Bass Reliefs and Pictures to represent the Mysteries of our Religion and the Martyrdoms of the Saints These Subjects managed by ingenious Painters and Sculptors make greater and more lasting Impressions upon the Minds of People than Words can This was the Opinion of St. Gregory of Nice and several other Great Men who were sensibly touched at the sight of these Representations Moreover Nature which constantly tends towards what is most agreeable to its self taught Men Designing before they had found out Characters to Write This Truth is evident in the Historical Figures or Hieroglyphicks of the Egyptians Engraven on Stone as may be seen on their Obelisks For those Sorts of Letters are only the Designs of Figures made of some Parts of the Human Body of Animals of Plants and of all sorts of Instruments which were called Hieroglyphicks and whereof this People made use before they had Letters Cornelius Tacitus in the Eleventh (b) .... Ac novas literarum formas addidit vulgavitque Comperio quoque graecam literaturam non simul caeptam absolutamque Primi per Figuras animalium Aegyptii sensus mentis effingebant antiquissima monumenta memoriae humanae impressa Saxis cernuntur literarum semet inventores perhibent Book of his Annals favours this Opinion And it may be very well conjectured that Designing and Painting preceded Writing nay within these few Ages we have had an almost undeniable Proof of it At the discovery of America we find that Designing was practised there although those People had no knowledge of Letters or Writing And that particularly in the Kingdom of Mexico where we find they wrought in Painting and Sculpture For among several rich Presents which their King Monteczuma made to Ferdinand Cortes there was a Book of Figures (c) General History of the Indies by Francis Lopez de Gomara Their Palaces were adorned with Statues and there were some of Gold Pag. 94 and 128. They understood also Geography by Designing Pag. 98. See moreover in that History Pag. 64. 78. 109. 130. 140. 141. and 157. instead of Letters resembling the Hieroglyphicks of the Egyptians And Painting was so much in use there that this Prince shewed to the said Captain one of his Courriers who brought him painted on a Piece of Cloath some Spanish Succours which were newly arrived Upon this Cloath were represented the Vessels the Men the Artillery the Horses and the Dogs whereof those Recruits consisted The advantage which Cortes moreover in particular received by means of this Painting was very considerable for some Indian Lords having conspired to kill him he was advertised thereof by one of them who shewed him a Cloath whereon were designed the Portraits of all the Conspirators and by these happy means this Captain escaped the danger The advantage and excellency of the Arts of Designing shew the difficulty of attaining to

36. Chap. 15. was no less beautiful than that of Olympius for it was so rich and curiously made that between all the Joints of the Stones there were inlaid threds of Gold to separate them As for the Temple of Trallius (f) Vitruvius in his Book of Architecture He there tells us also that an Architect ought to be learned and skilled in designing built by the Architect Argellius it must needs have been of an extraordinary Beauty for he composed a whole Treatise of the proportions of the Ionic and Corinthian Orders according to which that Edifice was built and consecrated to Esculapius Argellius work'd with his own Hands the most important Parts of it which shews that he was an Engraver as well as Architect But of all the Temples of Grece and all its Colonies the most Famous was that of Diana of the (g) The Temple of Diana of the Ephesians was not built by the Amazons but by Craesus and Ephesius who gave his Name to the City which was a Colony of the Eleans It was in the Country of the Ionians who built there several Temples Pausanias in his Achaia P. 274. Ephesians which deserved to have been reckoned among the seven Wonders of the World The first Model of this Temple was made by the ingenious Archiphron after him Ctesiphon had the management of it and Dinocrates (h) It was one named Herostratus who set it on Fire to gain himself a Name Dinocrates rebuilt it it was he also who built Alexandria by order of Alexander He was a great Designer or Modelist for he proposed to that Prince to form the Mountain Athos into his Statue which should hold a City in one Hand and in the other a Vessel to empty the superfluous Waters into the Sea By means of his great Design he was brought into Alexander's presence and entred into his Service Vitruv. Proem Lib. 2. rebuilt it after it had been burn'd down This Structure was four hundred and twenty five Foot long two hundred and twenty Foot broad and had one hundred and twenty seven Columns each sixty Foot high They were the Gifts of so many Kings whereof thirty six were Engraven and one was done by the hand of the famous (i) Vigenerus on Philostratus P. 127. Scopas The Mausoleum which Artemisa caused to be built whereof this Engraver worked one of the four sides was no less admirable for the Architecture than for the Sculpture of it it contained four hundred and eleven Foot circuit and was Sixty Foot high up to the Platform whereon was set a Piramid sustain'd by thirty six Pillars which made that Superstructure equal in heigth to the rest and was made by four of the most ingenious Architects and Engravers of all Grece Architecture continued there in its full heigth not only during the time of the (k) Plutarch in the Life of Pericles tells us that he was one of the greatest Lovers of Sculpture and Architecture among the Grecians For this reason the Edifices which he caused to be built at Athens were very wonderful both for their beautiful and agreeable Air and for the diligence wherewith he caused them to be raised they were built with that care that in the time of Trajan wherein this Author writ they seemed as but newly done They were so very agreeable that they seemed every day more and more beautiful He who survey'd and took care of all the Buildings of Pericles was Fidias who was there Survey or General though there were several Master-builders and excellent Workmen present at each Work For the Temple of Pallas which was called Parthenon or the Virgins Temple and surnamed Hec●●ompedon because it was a hundred Foot every ways was built by Ictinus and Gallicratidas The Chappel Eleusin wherein were performed the secret Ceremonies of their Mysteries was founded by Caerebus who set up the first Order of Pillars next the ground and join'd them by their Architraves but after his death Metagenes born at the Town of Xipetes made the Cornish and set up the Pillars of the second Order and Xenocles of Cholarg built the Cupolo which covered the Sanctuary Pausanias in his Attis speaks also of this Temple of Pallas P. 1. Grecian Republicks and of their Kings but also under the Reign of the Roman Emperors and particularly under that of Adrian who built several famous Edifices at Athens CHAP. XIII Of the Perfection of Architecture among the Romans in the time of the Republick AFTER Marcellus had (a) Marcellus besides the buildings he erected at Rome and Gatan in Sicily made a Park to Exercise the Youth in ● and in the Isle of Samothracia in the Temple of the Gods they called Cabires he set up Statues and Pictures brought from Siracuse Plutarch conquered Sicily Architecture grew more and more perfect at Rome and that which demonstrates this is the Theatre which bears his Name and which he built For it is one of the finest and most regular Pieces of Architecture the Antients have left us This Art came from Grece into Italy with Painting and the other Arts of Designing about four hundred and sixty Years before Marcellus which was in the time of Porsena King of Tuscany This Prince was so magnificent in building that he gave orders to make a Labyrinth (b) Plin. Lib. 36. Chap. 13. in Imitation of the Grecians in the place he design'd for his Burial It was so curious that it was no ways inferiour to the Labyrinth of Crete or that of Lemnos Which makes it evident that Architecture flourishing in Toscany soon went to Rome after the Romans were Masters of that Province Insomuch that the Buildings which were erected in that City in the time of the Republick were nobler than those that were built under the Reign of the Kings For the great Men of that Republick endeavour'd to exceed one another in sumptuous and magnificent Buildings Marcellus did not content himself only to build his famous Theater but he built also a Temple to Vertue and another to Honour Marius was no less zealous to leave to Posterity marks of his Victories His two Trophies in the Capitol are witnesses of this as also the excellent Architecture of his triumphal Arch at Orange which is a glorious Memorandum of the Battel he obtain'd over the Cimbri But Marcus Scaurus's Son in Law was of all those illustrious Personages who bore a part in the Government of the Commonwealth the most noble in his Buildings for during the time he was an Edil he embellish'd Rome with surprizing Edifices His great Theater is an illustrious Mark of this It could contain eighty (c) Plin. Lib. 34. Chap. 15. thousand Persons There were three Scenes the one above the other with three hundred and sixty Columns Those of the first Rank were of Marble and thirty eight Foot high the second Rank were of Crystal and the third of gilded Wood. This illustrious Person made two other Theaters of Wood sustain'd on great Axle-trees