done before another Because many were debarred thereby the Right to those Places they had purchased by long Service and the third Because by this means those who had Money though never so undeserving would get those Posts 5. The Ships that this Year sailed from Lisbon for India in which the abovesaid Order went were four D. Antony Tello Captain of one of them being ashore when they set sail and not able to get aboard though he followed in another Vessel as far as the Island Madera returned to Lisbon and taking with him Captain Emanuel de Prado de Magallanes travelled to India by Land found his Ship there and returned in her to Portugal Francis Lopez Carrasco Captain of another of those Ships was left behind through neglect at Goa when the Ships came away and Francis de Magallanes came in his Place Iohn Pereyra Cortereal a third Captain of the same Ships returned not without Trouble which he overcame like a good Commander for some of his Men mutinying he with his own hand slew one of them and caused two to be hanged for which good Service he was rewarded 6. This Year also set out from Goa another Ship commanded by Francis de Brito which was lost off of the Islands of Querimba where and at Moçambique the Men were saved with the Fatigues usual in those Shipwrecks D. Hierome Manuel who commanded the 4 Ships that came from Lisbon returned next Year when we shall speak of him 7. Abas Xa King of Persia desiring to settle some Trade with us to vend his Silks writ to our King telling him He was weary of receiving Friers as Ambassadors and desiring him to send some Gentleman of Note for he should better know how to treat with such a one and God and his Majesty would be better served because a Religious Man out of his Cell was like a Fish out of the Water D. Garcia de Silva Figueroâ—… a Spanish Gentleman well qualified for that Employment was sent to him He carried a rich and beautiful Present and of rare Workmanship in Silver and Gold set with precious Stones He went from Madrid to Lisbon thence to India where he was to receive further Instructions and 20000 Crowns consigned on the Custom-house of Ormuz for his expence besides what he had before received because his Equipage was very great Thus far we had an account of this Embassy hereafter we shall see that Ormuz was lost which was what the Persian coveted so that it seems the Embassy did not divert him from that Thought 8. The Blacks besieged the City of St. Thomas and raising a Fort they put in Ammunition and 600 Men spreading 20000 about the Town which they battered from the Pagod near St. Francis Captain Emanuel de Frias besieges the Fort which was surrendred to him for want of Water Among the Cannon found in it there was one Piece of 25 Spans that is 6 Yards and a quarter in length that carried a Ball of 50 Pounds weight 9. A Peace was concluded between the Mogul and us through the sollicitation of Hierome Xaverius of the Society of Iesus CHAP. V. Continues the Government of the Vice-Roy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1615. 1. DON Iohn de Silva commanded for the Spaniards at Manila who demanded Succors of the Portugueses to defend the Moluco Islands against the Rebellious Hollanders The Viceroy sitted out 4 Galleons for this Expedition under the Command of Francis de Miranda Enriquez It was easie to foresee they would be unfortunate because most of the Souldiers were Outlaws Men who have Courage to commit Villanies but in dangers of Honour are meer Cowards as has always been found by Experience and was at this time for many deserted as soon as they had received their Pay at Goa and many at Malaca the Admiral contrary to his Orders having touched there 2. Between the Islands of Nicobar they were some time becalmâ—…d Not far from those of Diu they met two Holland Ships coming from Paliacate our Admiral prepared to fight and they having made show of standing to it after some Cannon-shot exchang'd stood away Being pursued very close they threw many Goods overboard to be the lighter among other things they cast over some Pigeons the weight whereof could not much hinder them but in the Confusion they knew not what they did Our Galleons could not make up with them and in the morning they were not to be seen It was afterwards known they skulked behind the Island of Pulopinam 3. The Galleons being in the Road of Malaca the Admiral landed D. Gonçalo de Silva Bishop of that City whom he carryed to this intent and thought to hold on his Voyage having already been out above 2 Months and it being about the middle of Iuly Going out of the streight there arose a storm and the Vice-Admiral springing a Leak they were forced to put into Malaca where they all stayed resolving to prosecute their Voyage the next Year not knowing the ill Fortune that attended them there 3. When they came in Iames de Mendoça Furtado Commander in Chief by Sea and Land was ready to set out with 6 Galleons and 12 Jalia's or small Vessels They were manned by the Garrison of Malaca and went to meet the Ships that were expected from China and at the same time to discover whether any Fleet of Achem appear'd as was reported They discovered it about 〈◊〉 Leagues from the streight it consisted of above 500 Sail whereof above 100 Galleys greater than ours and above 150 less yet considerable The King came himself in this Fleet with his Wives the best of his Treasure and 60000 Men. He carried no Colours but Globes of massy Gold as was the Throne whereon he sate He was four Years in fitting out this Fleet. 5. Iames de Mendoça Furtado having well viewed that fleet designed to fight and in order thereto called all his Captains to Council it was resolved he should not fight but return to Malaca which was weak for want of those Men they had drawn out He stood thither sending Advice to the Galleons to prepare to fight The Admiral Fr. de Miranda Enriquez received the Advice and with Furtado's Squadron on the 4th day met that vast Fleet which was standing for Malaca Both Parties drew themselves into order of Battel and after Noon Miranda began to play his Cannon without losing a Shot the Enemy stood so thick and they received all his Fire without making any return as it were in contempt of him 6. Furtado and Ferdinand de Costa with their two Galliots attack 7 Galleys one they boarded and burnt another was blown up by a Ball that fell into their Powder Room Several of the Enemymade up to the Galliots our Galleons move to succour them and then the whole Enemies Fleet comes on This was towards Evening when a Storm rising so separated our small Vessels that they could not join the Galleons till next day at Noon Being joined they
to be naked than to endure such unsupportable Pains Her Feet were torn and she then fainting they cast all the Fire upon her Seeing she neither died nor complained the Executioners strangled her after having suffered alone enough to purchase many the Glory of Martyrdom 19. Tamarascan the Queen's Son understanding the Death of his Mother entred Persia in a rage and obtained several Victories in 3 Years slew above 70000 Persians At length a Peace was concluded and he restored to all he had lost 20. Two of the Religious of St. Augustin travelled towards Georgia suffered great Extremities in vast Desarts in some Places near perishing in Snow At Emanenga in Armenia they were entertained by the Religious of the Order of St. Dominick who reside there 21. At Ervan the Metropolis of Armenia they were courteously received by the Patriarch in a Convent of 30 Religious of St. Basil whose Office is long being the whole Psalter every day and Matins at midnight That Prelate was a Man of a very austere Life gave great Alms redeemed Captives repaired Churches was a great Reformer of Manners and suppressed Married Priests He was almost Adored by the Armenians and hearkened to the Proposal of submiting to the See of Rome Our Religious found him Preaching in a Church but as soon as he saw them he took leave of the Auditory and went to receive them washed and kissed their Feet telling the People Those were the true Apostles of Christ. 22. At length our Religious entred Georgia were honourably received by the King who refused to let them kiss his Hand but made them sit and knowing they carried the greatest part of his Mother's Body declared himself pleased above measure 23. That day they dined with the King the next with the Queen she and her Ladies went to receive the Body and heard Mass with great attention The King caused his Mother to be buried among the ancient Kings of Georgia Speaking of the Pope he said He owned him as chief Prelate and had always declared him such Being presented with two Images of our Saviour and Blessed Lady he said He worshipped them not because they were Idols and only honoured Pictures One of the Fathers reprehended him and was going away but he held by his Habit kissed him and begged Pardon affirming He knew not what he said 24. Next day the King and Queen excused themselves to the Father praying him not to depart but to choose any Place in the Kingdom to build a Church and Monastery He pitched upon the City Gori which is seated in a Plain watered by two great Rivers well stored with Fish The Patriarch an ancient and venerable Person with the Bishops and other Clergy thought they could never sufficiently encourage the new Foundation This happened about the end of the Year 1628. 25. To conclude with these Religious they laboured as much as any in China India Persia and Arabia On the 17th of May 1626 after Noon at Bassora was seen a Cloud rising in the East in the form of a Half-Moon the Horns whereof seemed to inclose that City It appeared like Smoke and Ashes and moved with a Noise that seemed to threaten Destruction All the Country about for the space of half an hour was quite dark then for two hours followed such a storm of Wind and Thunder as terrified all those People The Turks and Persians fled to the Christian Church believing that the only safe place and crying aloud the former Codá Codá the latter Ala Ala that is God God without remembring Mahomet 26. In the Year 1627 the Enemy surprized a Ship of ours there and killed all the Men but three who being carried before Hazen Governour of Humo he offered them their Lives if they would become Mahometans They answered They were ready to die rather than do so He caused them to be Beheaded on the 21st of December 1628. 27. In Africk these Religious baptized the Prince of Melinde who afterwards coming to the Crown acknowledged the Pope writing a Letter to him in the Year 1627 which he signed by the Name of D. Hierome Chingalia This was the first King that received the Faith in those Parts which might have spread more had not the Portugueses by their Enormities obliged this Prince to fall off from them and the Faith as shall be seen hereafter CHAP. II. Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Francis de Gama Count De Vidigueyra 1. THis Year sailed from Lisbon two Ships and six Galleons under the Command of Nunno Alvarez Botello and arrived all safe at Goa Mean while Ruy Freyre de Andrade with his Squadron was successful in the Sea of Ormuz cutting off Provisions from that Town sinking some Vessels and chasing others He had done more if better supported 5. Some English and Dutch Ships having relieved Ormuz distressed by that Gentleman the Viceroy strengthened by those Ships come from Portugal would not suffer them to depart without being visited He sent Nunno Alvarez Botello Admiral against them with 8 Galleons They sailed at the beginning of the Year 1625 and were separated by a Storm but six meeting Botello appeared in the Sea of Ormuz and was received by twelve of those two Nations The Fight was very terrible and the Enemy having the Wind our Admiral could not come to board as he desired The Dutch Admiral and Vice-Admiral being disabled were forced to draw off At the same time Ruy Freyre having heard the noise of the Cannon came up with three Galliots and the Enemy drew off to the Bay of Comoram We had many Men killed and wounded among the latter our Admiral Botello 3. About the middle of February they met again Nunno fearing he should not be able to come to board them sent a Challenge to their Admiral but he not accepting of it the Fight began and was continued with great fury till the Enemy again drew into Comoran having lost many Men and we 2 Captains and 40 Soldiers Botello went to Water at the Island Lareâ—…a opposite to them and hearing a Cannon fired answered with another supposing it had been a Signal of Battel but the Enemy stirred not then though our Vessels were almost unmasted since the last Engagement At last they thinking it time to depart drew out and being pursued there ensued another Fight The Enemy fled having lost in those three Encounters 1000 Men and 3 Ships which were sunk some of them carried 60 Guns 4. Our Admiral gave chase but soon lost sight of them and went to Winter at Mascate whence he set out in September with 7 Sail whereof he lost three in a Storm the Men saved He came to an Anchor with the rest at Soveral where he took a rich Ship of Meca that sailed with a Dutch Pass Understanding by the Prisoners some of the Enemies Ships were at Surat he hasted thither and found they were the same that escaped after the Fights of Ormuz and Comoran It being impossible to come at them he
detained by Order of the Governour and finding himself Prisoner left seven of the twelve he had brought as Hostages He complained but to no effect the faithful Moor Moncayde solliciting for him with all possible diligence Gama being abroad and finding no fair means could prevail to have his men restored having called a Council it was resolved to apply force accordingly he sent out after some Fishermen and took twenty of them Immediately he let fly his Sails making shew of departing that they might send to stay him And accordingly it succeeded for the King informed of the reason why his Subjects were taken ordered the seven Portugueses to be exchanged for them and sent the Answer for our King and excused the treachery of his People The fortunate Gama steers homeward the Moor Moncayde came voluntarily with him and some of the Prisoners by force who were not restor'd it being thought convenient to bring some to shew promising them they should return 11. As he was leaving the Sea of Calicut sixty Vessels full of Armed Men set upon and pressed him but the Cannon being well played they went off Sailing along in sight of Land he set up the Cross of St. Mary in an Island between Baranor and Baticale which thence took name with admiration of the Inhabitants This was the sixth and last he set up this Voyage they were St. Raphael in the River Bons Sinays St. George at Mozambique St. Stephen at Melinde and St. Gabriel at Calicut Whilst he was erecting the last Cross he writ a Letter to the Zamori or King of Calicut by the hand of Moncayde and sent it by a Fisherman of that place In this Letter he excuses himself for carrying away those Prisoners which he did not in satisfaction of the Merchandise taken from him but as an earnest that he would return with them when he had shewed them to his Prince and they informed him of the state of their Country and that in recompence he would bring a perfect account of Spain In this Voyage he discovered 1200 Leagues drawing a strait Line from the River del Infante found by Bartholomew Diaz to the Port of Calicut for in sailing it is much more Here he found the Island the People of Canara call Anchediva near the Continent it is small well shaded with Trees of a wholsom Air and has good Water Anche or Ange singnifies Five and Diva Islands there being so many but the Chief has carried the Name He was here careening his Ships taking water and some respite when a Pirat attacked him with eight small Vessels so linked and covered with Boughs that they looked like a small floating Island He was somewhat surprized at first sight but perceiving the danger that approached under those Leaves he attacked it and having put to flight seven took one Vessel The Name of this Pirat was Timoja we shall hear of him hereafter The Prince of Goa by means of a Jew endeavoured to draw Gama to his ruin the Jew from shoar making signs with a Cross who being taken aboard and put upon the Wrack confessed he was sent with an ill design and repenting was baptized and called Gaspar de Gama Some of the men died whilst they were sailing acroâ—…s the Great Gulph between India and the Coast of Melinde He Anchored in sight of the Town of Magadoxa which stands on an open Coast but is beautiful and strong Not far from thence came out against him eight Boats well manned but were soon repulsed He came to Melinde and was received by that King as a Friend Being again under sail the Ship St. Raphael struck and was lost leaving that Name to those Sands The men were saved by the other two Ships and they parted by a Storm near Cabo Verde Nicholas Câ—…ello arrived at Lisbon believing his Commander was there before him but he was burying his Brother Paul de Gama in the Island Tercera Soon after he came up the Tagus having been out two Years and almost two Months He carried out 160 men and returned only with 55. They were all rewarded by the King Vasco de Gama had the priviledge of being called Don annexed to his Family to his Arms was added part of the Kings he had the Title of Admiral of the Eastern Seas 3000 Ducats yearly and afterwards the Title of Count Vidigueyra Nicholas Coello was made a Fidalgo which is Noble and had a 100 Ducats a year 12. Prince Henry the First Author of thefe Discoveries had built a Chappel on the Banks of the River a League below Lisbon for the conveniency of Sailers In the same place now did King Emanuel erect a stately Church to the same intent and with the same name it had before to wit Our Lady of Bethlehem placing the Statue of the Prince over the Great Gate his own and the Queens over the lesser This is a Monastery of the Order of St. Hierom and for its security was built in the Water a strong Tower called St. Vincent not great but sightly CHAP. V. Conquests under King Emanuel from the Year 1500 till the Year 1502. 1. THere were Publick Thansgivings through the Kingdom for the good success of this Voyage to these succeeded Feasts and Joyful Entertainments And all mens expectation being raised with the glory of the Action and hope of ensuing Profit it was consulted how to prosecute what was begun and resolved that according to the disposition they had found in the People of those Countries there was more need of Force than Intreaty in order whereunto thirteen Vesses of several sizes were fitted and Peter Alvarez Cabral was named Admiral On the 8th of March the King delivered with his own hand to the Admiral the Flag of the Cross. The Shoar was covered with People who flocked to see the Fleet sail It contained 1200 Men 8 Franciscan Friers 8 Chaplains and a Chaplain Major The substance of their Instructions was to begin by Preaching and if that failed to proceed to the decision of the Sword 2. Twelve days the Fleet sailed with a fair Gale but at Cape Verde a Storm arose and one of the Vessels returned to Lisbon In 10 degrees of South Latitude they saw a Tawny People with lank Hair and flat Faces They fled from our Men till halting all together upon â—…n eminence they were spoke to in several Languages and by Signs but all in vain The Fleet passed on and Anchored upon Easter Eve in a Port they called Seguro or Safe because it proved so to them The People being affable our Men landed and set up an Altar under a Tree where there was Mass said and a Sermon preached to which those Heathens were present with wonderful attention The Admiral sent a Vessel to advertise the King of this discovery and erected a Cross on a great Tree calling the Country Santa Cruz or Holy Cross. He also left there two Portugueses to enquire into the Customs Language and Product of the Country This is that large
Province of America called Brazill for the abundance of that Wood which it produces and hither had he been drove by Storms Having left this Port on the 12th of May he saw a Comet stretching its Tail to the Cape of Good Hope which vanished in eight days and was the forerunner of a terrible Storm insomuch that the day growing dark they could not see each other or hear with the horrid noise of the Winds 20 days this Tempest lasted and swallowed four Ships The Admiral arrived with only six Ships of all his Fleet upon the 16th of Iuly on the Coast of Zofala He chased two Ships the one was stranded the other taken they belonged to Moors and came from the Mine of Zofala commanded by Xeque Foteyma The Admiral treated him courteously restoring all that was taken because he was Uncle to the King of Melinde who deserved well of the Portugueses for the kind Offices Vasco de Gama had received of him in time of need Having quitted the Moor he arrived at Mozambique on the 20th of Iuly where he refitted and held on his Voyage 3. Coasting along he came to an Anchor before the antient and noble City Quiloa Abraham a Man renowed among his People and rich with the Trade of Zofala then reigned there The Admiral sent him word he had important Affairs to communicate to him from our King The Answer was that he should come ashoar and he would hear him He replied That according to his Instructions it was not permitted him to land unless to fight such as refused the Friendship of Portugal but that in respect to such a Prince he would meet him in a Boat in the middle of that Bay This Answer was surprising and Fear wrought more than Kindness Several Boats were set out on both sides richly adorned and filled with Musick Our Commander proposed Amity Trade and Religion The Moor gave good words but disguised ill designs This known a Councel was held the Resolution was to go on leaving the Revenge for a fitter opportunity and thus they arrived at Melinde the second of August where they were received with all kindness not only upon account of the Friendship established with Vasco de Gama but also for the Generosity wherewith Xeque Foteyma had been treated They visited and presented each other Ours which was considerable was carried by the Factor Ayres Correa together with a Letter from our King writ in Arabick which was so highly prised by that King that to the end he might keep the Bearer ashoar that night he sent the Admiral the Ring whereon was his Seal the greatest security of those Kings He told how much he was infested by the King of Monbaça for having admitted our Friendship renewed and confirmed it with words and actions Soon after our Ships sailed having taken in two Guzarat Pilots and set ashoar two Men in order to discover Prester Iohn's Country the antient desire of our Princes 4. On St. Bartholomew Eve they reached Anchediva The Vessels were wash'd and tallow'd they watered and dealt with the People by signs and left them satisfied Then they stood over for Calicut and discovered it the 17th of September The Natives beheld us with Pleasure and Admiration our Cannon was fired for joy but struck a terror into the People on the Shoar who fled Ayres Correa who had this employment at Melinde went to advertise the King Zamori He setled the manner how the King and Admiral should meet which was done with much circumspection There were given as Hostages for the safety of the Admiral and such as should land with him six of the Kings principal Ministers of the Family of the Bramenes whose Names he brought from Portugal by the advice of Moncayde The Prisoners that Vasco de Gama took were also returned in performance of what he had writ to Zamori and that they might give an account of what they had seen in Portugal 5. The Embassie was delivered with much state it tending only to the settling Peace and Commerce After much delay proceeding from Jealousie Peace was concluded and sworn to and a House in the Town with much difficulty granted for the conveniency of Trade Ayres Correa took possion of it with sixty able Men. The Merchants of Meca obstructed our getting lading complaint was made to the King but no redress 6. The cause of it was the enmity between two Moorish Governours one of the Sea the other of the Land Affairs the first called Coje Bequi the other Coje Cemireci This last was offended that our Factor had made greater application to the other than to him and contrived to be revenged as follows He was informed there sailed from Cochin a City distant about 30 Leagues a very great Ship of Ceylon bound for Cambaya with Elephants who must pass before us He therefore told the Factor that the King having desired one of those Beasts was refused it by the Owners that if our Men would take the Ship they would oblige the King forward their own business and possess themselves of a great quantity of Spice which the Merchants of Meca had there His design was that we should receive damage in the attempt that Ship being of great bulk and to this purpose gave notice to the Owners that they might be the better provided and in case that did not succeed at least hereby we should disoblige the Merchants of Cochin The Admiral sent after the Ship Peter de Ataide in the St. Peter who gave her chase she made no account of our Vessel till some of our Balls reaching her she bore upon us pouring in her shot then made away and was pursued and taken out of the Bay of Cananor There were aboard seven Elephants whereof one was killed by a Cannon Ball and eaten by our men This contrivance was of advantage to discover the Author to terrifie the King seeing such a Vessel taken by one that was not above the sixth part of her bulk and to gain the Friendship of the King of Cochin for the Admiral discovering the fraud restored the Ship to the Owners making satisfaction for the damage Here it was that Duarte Pacheco Pereyra gave the first marks of that Heroick Valour which after made him renowned in all the World 7. This evil design turned to our advantage but not the next for the Ships having been there three Months there were but two laden and at a dear rate and the Factor suspecting that the Ships of Meca laded by night which hindred ours complained to the King who ordered him to make Prize of such Boats They entred and found nothing for it was a contrivance of the Moors to incense the People against the Portugueses and so it fell out for the attempt being divulged the Rabble rises in search of the Factor and his Company whereof they suddenly slew forty the others with five Franciscan Fryers escaped that Storm The Admiral before the blood of those slain was cool in a rage burnt fifteen great
two Galleys succeeded which took two of the Enemy having put all their men to the Sword Mean while the Cannon was furiously plaid on both sides Don Lorenzo seemed to have the upper-hand when Melique Az Lord of Diu came with a great number of small Vessels well manned to the assistance of Mir Hozem Don Lorenço sent two Galleys and three Caravels to hinder the approach of that Relief They executed it so effectually they obliged him to fly to another place for shelter and the Fight continued till Night parted them each striving to conceal his loss from the other The Portugues Captains met in Council the Result that it was a rashness to persist in that enterprize Melique Az being so near with that powerful assistance that it was convenient to take the open Sea either in order to escape or to fight with less disadvantage Don Lorenço remembring the anger of his Father for not fighting the Fleet of Calicut in the River Dabul and fearing his retreat might be termed a fearful flight resolutely expected the Morning only making some motion to save the Ships of Cochin that were in great danger Melique Az imagining this motion was in order fly lanched out from his retreat not at all daunted to see many of his Vessels torn in pieces by our Cannon and Charges briskly then Don Lorenço's Ship running foul of some Stakes that were drove in the River made so much water there was no preventing her sinking though Don Lorenço laboured indefatigably till a Ball broke his Thigh and ordering himself to be set against the Main Mast where he stood encouraging his men till another Ball broke his Back The Body was thrown under Deck and followed down by Laurence Freyre Gato his Page who bewailed him with Tears of Blood as well as Water being shot through the Eye with an Arrow After a vigorous resistance the Moors entred the Ship and found the Page by his Masters Body who rising to defend it killed as many as covered it and then died upon them The Ship sunk at last Of above 100 men that were with Don Lorenço only 19 escaped in all the Ships were lost 140 of the Enemy 600. 9. The other Captains got to Cochin where the Viceroy was with the News of his Sons death which he received with a wonderful resolution The numbers of men slain and taken being yet doubtful he endeavoured by all means to get some intelligence and at that time received a Letter from Melique Az. This Man born in Slavery and descended of the Heretick Christians of Roxia rose by degrees to that height wherein he was then placed The Principal Action that advanced him was that a Kite flying over the King of Cambaya dunged upon his Head whereat in a Passion he said I would give all I am worth that Bird were killed Melique Az who was a most expert Archer no sooner heard this but he let fly an Arrow which brought down the Kite The King rewarded this Action so bountifully that Melique Az came to be made Lord of Diu a most Famous City which being seated on a triangular Peninsula joyned to the Continent by a very smal Istmus is commonly reputed an Island This man endeavoured politickly to secure himself at one time both with the King of Cambaya and the Portugueses whose Power he feared and hated for the damage they brought to the Trade of Din. And to this effect he assisted Mir Hozem sent the 19 Prisoners to the King of Cambaya and writ to the Viceroy condoling the death of his Son extolling his Bravery and offering to ransom the Prisoners Thus he endeavoured to appease the Wrath he knew he had provoked by assisting Mir Hozem which was the Cause of all our Loss CHAP. III. Conquests under King Emanuel the Year 1508 and 1509. A continuation of the Government of the Viceroy Don Francisco de Ameyda and Exploits of Alfonso de Albuquerque 1. THIS same year 1508 about the beginning of April sailed from Lisbon 17 Ships which being all separated by bad Weather at length met at Mozambique except one that was cast away on the Islands of Tristan de Cunna these Ships with those of the foregoing year came together to India and added Courage to our People to resist their Enemies The King ordered that Don Francisco de Almeyda should resign the Government to Alfonso de Albuquerque and return home in one of the Trading Ships But he suspended the execution of this Order because already engaged in taking revenge of Mir Hozem Albuquerque pressed him to obey the Order Don Francisco excused himself saying the Ships were gone and that he had in hand that enterprize upon the Rumes or Turks who had killed his Son The other answered there were more Ships ready to sail and he would undertake to drive the Turks out of India Almeyda replied that he had taken up the Sword and had never resigned it to another to revenge his Wrongs Albuquerque offended hereat went to Cochin and this was the beginning of some mens protracting the time of their Command and others pressing them to quit wherein these two Illustrious Men discovered much of Human Frailty 2. Precedent to this were the Actions of Albuquerque at Ormuz and Zocotora where he wintered and relieved the Portugues who were there oppressed by Famine To this effect he went himself with his Ship to Cape Guardafu and sent Francis de Tavorâ—… towards Melinde and two Vessels to Cape Fum to make prize of some Ships for their Provisions they all found what they sought and so put a stop to the growing Evil. He then resolved for Ormuz though too weak to effect what he intended yet at least to sound the designs of that King and his Friend Coje Atar By the way he resolved to be revenged on Calayate for injuries done to some Portugueses This Town is seated beyond Cape Siagro called also Cape Rosalgate at the Mouth of the Persian Gulf. On the Back of it is a Mountain which has only some Passes that open a Communication to the Neighbouring Country One of these Passes is just opposite to the Town through which is managed most of the Trade of that Province of the Arabs call Ayaman because as they say first inhabited by Name which signifies Plenty or Abundance a Son of Lot and this Land is full of Populous Cities Fruitful and of great Trade Albuquerque no sooner arrived but he landed and entred the Town some of the Inhabitants flying to the Mountains and others being slain in the Streets Albuquerque staid there three Nights upon one of which 1000 Moors entred the Town by surprize and did much hurt but our men gathering killed many put the rest to flight and burnt all the place They got great quantity of Provisions which was most of the Booty and arrived at Ormuz the 13th of September Alfonso de Albuquerque presently advertised the King and Coje Atar of his arrival and they answered that as for the Tribute of 15000
dispatched Don Antonio de Noronha with Provisions and some of the Booty of the Ships to relieve his Brother Don Alfonso at Zocotora Then the Viceroy sailed and arriving at Chaul that King terrified with the late Victory became tributary Passing by Cananor he was there received with Honour and at Cochin in Triumphant Manner but before he had laid aside his Festâ—…al Ornaments he was accosted by Alfonso de Albuquerque pressing to deliver up the Government according to the King's Orders The Answer was he should give him leasure to put off that Heavy Robe and there would be time afterwards Albuquerque pressed and the Viceroy delayed 8. Some Gentlemen persuaded the Viceroy not to resign the Government whilst Albuquerque made instance to have it delivered up Evil Spirits fomenting these Feuds The King of Cochin urged by these Divisions delayed the lading with Pepper two Ships that were to return home till Albuquerque were possessed of the Government In fine the Viceroy sent Albuquerque Prisoner to Cananor where he was courteously entertained by that Governour who then was Laurence de Brito to whom in few days the Viceroy writ that he should treat his Prisoner as one who soon must Govern India 9. King Emanuel being informed of the preparations made by the Soldan of Cayre at Suâ—…z resolved to send a powerful Relief to India This consisted of 15 Sail Commanded by Don Fernando Coutinno who had an extraordinary Power given him the King as was thought having some inkling of the disagreement was like to be between the Viceroy and Albuquerque Nothing of note hapned him till he arrived at Cananor whence he carried Alfonso de Albuquerque to Coâ—…bin treating him as Governour of India Though there passed some Acts of Civility between the Viceroy and Coutinno the rest was not suitable for a Ship he had prepared to pass to Portugal was denied him and he obliged to take another he had no mind to He sailed with two more on the 19th of November and had fair Weather till passed the Cape of Good Hope when he said now God be praised the Witches of Cochin are Liars who said we should not pass this Cape Near there he put into the Bay of Saldanna to take Water and some men going to exchange Goods with the Blacks a Servant of the Viceroy treated two of them so ill that they knocked out his Teeth and sent him away bloody Some Gentlemen looking upon this as an Affront persuaded the Viceroy to go ashoar when they ought to advise him to punish his Servant for abusing People where they sought Relief This had been Justice He yielded but so much against his Will that as he went into the Boat he said Ah! whether and to what end do they now carry the 60 years Hereby declaring that was an Action of Raw Heads There went with him 150 the Flower of the Ships They went on to a miserable Village and returned with some Cattle and Children when 170 Blacks coming down from the Mountain whither they had fled attacked them in defence of their Children casting Stakes with sharp Points hardned at the Fire so furiously that in a little time they killed 50 Gentlemen and among them the Viceroy who died kneeling on the Sand with his Eyes lifted up to Heaven struck through the Throat with one of these Stakes George de Melo returned with the wounded Men to the Ships and when he thought the Blacks were withdrawn went ashore and buried the Viceroy and the rest This was a manifest judgment of God that so few unarmed Barbarians should overcome those who had done such Noble Actions in India George de Melo carried the News to Lisbon where it was received with great Grief The Viceroy Don Francisco de Almeyda was seventh Son of Don Lope de Almeyda Count of Abrantes and of Donna Beatriz de Sylva his Wife He was married to Donna Ioanna Pereyra he was Knight of the Order of St. Iames He was of a Graceful Presence Ripe Councel and Obliging Carryage he was very Continent an Enemy of Avarice very Liberal and Grateful Don Francisco wore the Coat or upper Garment which then was instead of the Cloak used now Black the Doublet of Crimson Sattin the Sleeves whereof appeared the Breeches also Black which were Breeches and Stockins reaching from the Feet to the Waste over them Boots a Truncheon in the Right Hand the Left upon his Sword which hung almost before He was the first Viceroy and Governour of India CHAP. IV. Conquests under King Emanuel the Year 1510 Alfonso de Albuquerque now Governing India who held it from the Year 1509 till the Year 1515. 1. ALfonso de Albuquerque now possessed of the Government prepared to fall upon Calicut with Don Fernando Coutinno The Design was kept private but Zamori provided as did all the Princes of that Coast when the Portugues were in motion They set out from Cochin with 30 Vessels and 1800 men besides some Boats of Malabares who followed in hopes of Plunder They arrived at Calicut the 2d of Ianuary and weighing the difficulties of Landing consulted about the manner and Ordered that part of the Fleet which belonged to Albuquerque should be committed to the care of his Nephew Don Antonio de Noronha and the part of Coutinno to Rodrigo Rabelo Every one strove to be so posted as to land first Our Men were at Arms all Night and so tired in the Morning they had more mind to sleep than to land though the desire of landing had kept them from sleep but they soon recovered the signal being given and the Cannon Playing Coutinno had 800 men and some Field-pieces Albuquerque had the same number and besides them 600 Malabares They marched with more Confusion than Order each striving to be foremost the first that attacked the Bulwark of Cerame were George de Cunna and Francis de Sousa they found there 600 men who made a vigorous resistance till Albuquerque coming up they quitted it Albuquerque being fearful of the disorder of his men gave notice to Coutinno who running with all speed to his relief and our Colours being already set up judging it had rather been a contrivance of the Governour than disorder of the Men took the liberty to say unto him What means this Sir Was you ambitious the Rabble of Lisbon should report you were the first at taking Calicut which you so extol to the King But I shall go to Lisbon and tell the King I could have entred it with only this Cane in my Hand And since I find no body to fight with I will not be satisfied till I enter the Pallace of Zamori and dine in one of his Rooms This said without expecting the Answer Albuquerque was about to make he marched with his men towards that Pallace where Zamori then was not He was tired when he reached it being above 5 Leagues from the Shoar the Road encumbred with Palm-trees and having marched hard and met with opposition by the way he rested
him Ferdinando Gomez with a Present of double the value of that he had received He was to give an account of what had been done at Ormuz He was well received and brought a favourable Answer 6. It requires a larger History to give an account of the Affairs and Kings of Persia. Let it suffice to say that the Valiant Prince Reigning at this time was embroiled in War with the Turk which was one cause of sending this Embassie hoping to make an advantage of our Arms against his Enemy 7. Whilst the Fort was building or rather finishing Albuquerque persuaded the King it was for the safety of the City to put all their Cannon into the Fort pretending thereby to secure them against their Enemies but in reality to disable them from offending him Security is a Powerful Argument where there is Fear The King and his Governours though with some reluctancy consented to all was demanded The Command of the Fort was given to Peter de Albuquerque So was that Rich and Powerful Kingdom brought under the Portugues subjection rather to the advantage than detriment of its Natural Kings more oppressed before by the tyranny of their Ministers than by the Tribute they afterwards paid Besides the security it enjoyed being protected by our Arms but that Liberty is sweeter than all other Conveniencies 8. These Affairs settled Albuquerque applied himself to dispatch the Trading Ships homeward-bound He sent to this purpose his Nephew Don Garcia de Noronha with most of the Fleet to Cochin staying behind himself to conclude such affairs as required his Presence Soon after he fell sick and the Disease increasing was persuaded for the recovery of his health to go to India which he consented to to the great grief of the King who looked upon him as a Father By the way he met the News that there were arrived in India 12 Ships from Portugal who brought Orders for him to return home Lope Soarez who Commanded them being appointed his Successor hearing this he cried out Lope Soarez Governour of India this is he it could be no other Dâ—… Iames Mendez and Iames Pereyra whom I sent Prisoners for hainous Crimes return the one Governour of Cochin the other Secretary It is time for me to take Sanctuary in the Church for I have incurred the Kings displeasure for his Subjects sakes and the Subjects anger for the King's sake Old Man fly to the Church it concerns your Honour you should die and you never omitted any thing that concerned your Honour Then lifting his Eyes and Hands to Heaven gave God thanks a Governour came so opportunely not doubting he should die He was seized with a profound Melancholy and arrived at Dabul almost in the Arms of Death and there writ these last Lines to the King This is Sir the last Letter which I write to your Highness now under the Pangs of Death of many that I writ full of Life because mine was then free from the Confusion of the last Hour and employed in your Service I left in that Kingdom a Son called Blas de Albuquerque I beg your Highness will make him as great as my Service deserves As to the Affairs of India it will answer for it self and me Upon the Bar of Goa which he called his Land of Promise he gave up the Ghost on the 16th of December in the 63d year of his Age in his Perfect Senses and like a Good Christian. He was buried in a Chappel built by himself at the City Gate and called Sennora de la Sierra or Our Lady of the Mountain He was Second Son to Gonçalo de Albuquerque Lord of Villaverde and of Donna Leonor de Meneses Daughter of Alvaro Gonzales de Atayde first Count of Atouguia He had been Master of the Horse to King Iohn the Second Of a moderate Stature his Countenance pleasing and venerable by the Beard which reached below his Girdle to which he wore it knotted that and his Complexion very White his Picture shews his Breeches Doubleâ—… Cloak Cap and Coif all Black with Gold Trimming the Wastcoat striped with Green Velvet with small Spots like Studs It was doubted whether he was a better Man or Officer When Angry his Looks somewhat Terrible when Merry Pleasant and Witty He was twice before Ormuz twice before Goa and twice before Malaca three Famous Islands and Kingdoms in Asia whereof he gloriously Triumphed 9. After a long resistance made by the People of Goa his Bones were brought to Lisbon and buried in the Church of Our Lady of Grace He was the first had the Title of Governour of India as Don Francisco de Almeyda the first of Viceroy End of the Second Part of the First Tome THE PORTUGUES ASIA TOM II. PART III. CHAP. I. The Government of the Viceroy D. Anton. de Noronna from the Year 1564 till 1568 in the Reign of King Sebastian 1. WE concluded the Second Part with the Arrival at Goa of the Viceroy D'Anton de Noronna His good Service in India preferred him to the command of Ormur and his wise Conduct there to the Government of India 2. With him went four Ships and he was received with a general Satisfaction He immediately sent Relief to Cananor which was Besieged giving the Command of the Land to D. Antony de Noronna and that of the Sâ—…a to Gonçalo Pereyra Marramaque with a good Fleet. D. Francis Mascarenas who was there with a Squadron before deliver'd it to him and went away to his Command of Moçambique This was occasion'd by that Morish Woman spoke of in the end of Iohn de Mendoça his Government 3. Peter de Silva and Meneses had the command of seven Ships given him to secure the Boats that brought Provisions to Goa whereof their was a scarcity About the River Cannaroto he lost sight of three of his Ships by stress of Weather and after found them encreased to six for the three had met and taken as many of the Malabars and were sailing after their Admiral Returning to the Place where they were dispersed between the Islands and the Continent they met the More Murimuja with seventeen Paraos well provided to meet all dangers He instantly made to our Ships and after the discharge of Cannon on both sides they boarded and having received some damage the Portugueses sunk two and took five one of them being Murimujas who was kill'd the others flying were pursued to the River Pudepatan where three Paraos and above fifty Almadies or great Boats came to their Relief Ouâ—… Cannon repulsed them and they run up the River Of the Enemy five hundred were killed and three Portuguses 4. The Viceroy being in care for Cananor sent thither D. Paul de Lima Pereyra with four Ships Being at Anchor in the Bay of Bateâ—…ala the Malabar Pyrat Canatali came upon him with seven Paraos loaded with Booty taken on the Northern Coast. Paul seeing him come sets out to meet him After the usual Salutes with their Cannon Canatale with three
Covenants of the League but we shall see him at length in the Government of D. Antony de Noronna performing what he so long delayed The Queen of Guarcopa and others as has been related made up what was wanting in him 9. This was the end of that mighty League this the Government Valour and Fortune of our Viceroy who opposing all the united Power of India re-established the Portugues Reputation so much decayed For which he deserves an everlasting Fame 10. D. Luis de Ataide Lord of Atouguia was of unquestioned Valour had great Experience in Military Affairs to which he had applied himself from his Youth and of a Spirit so free from the Infection of Avarice that as others brought from Asia to Portugal heaps of Treasure he brought four Jars of Water from the four famous Rivers Indus Ganges Tigris and Euphrates which were preserved many Years in his Castle of Penicbe 11. After serving in Europe and Africk he went over to India and served there and at the Age of twenty-two was Knighted at Mount Sinai by the Governor D. Stephen 〈◊〉 Gama Returning to Portugal he went Aâ—… bassador to the Emperor Charles V. and was in that Battle in which the Emperor defeated the Lutherans under the Landtgrave and Duke of Saxony where he behaved himself so well that Charles V. offered to Knight him and he said He had already received that Honour at Mount Sinai and was therefore sorry he could not admit it then The Emperor in the hearing of all answer'd He more envyed that Honour than he rejoyced in his Victory 12. At his arrival at Lisbon King Sebastian caused him to be received under a Canopy yet afterwards like King Emanuel and Duarle Pacheco very much slighted him We shall see it when he is made the second time Viceroy being the first that was so twice D. Antony de Noronna succeeded him now He was the Tenth that had this Title and of Governours the Twenty-fourth The First of the Name and Sirname the Third Count that had that Post He was of the larger size had a good Meen his Complexion white CHAP. XII The Government of the Viceroy D. Antony de Noronna from the Year 1571 till 1573 in the Reign of King Sebastian 1. KING Sebastian thinking the Government of India as it was then extended too great a Burden for one Man divided it into three Parts The first from Cape Guardafu to the Island Ceylon which is that of India The second from Cape Corrientes to Guardufu which is Monomotapa The third from Pegu to China which is that of Malaca The first was given to D. Antony de Noronna with the Title of Viceroy the second to Francis Barreto and the third to Antony Moniz Barreto both stiled Governors Though it may alter things as to point of time I will speak of them in distinct Chapters beginning with D. Antony de Noronna 2. He set out from Lisbon with five Ships and was followed by two more They arrived at Goa the beginning of September safe as to the number of Ships for none was lost but not so as to Men 2000 dying at Sea of sickness of 4000 that set out D. Antony came before Hidalcan had raised the Siege and thereby obtained part of the Honour of obliging him to quit it Hidalcan lest Commissioners to conclude the Peace with the new Viceroy It was proclaimed with great Joy on the 13th of December and so the Year and the War ended together 3. The first care of the new Viceroy was to send Relief to Chale in two Galleys one Galleon and four Ships and after them two Galleys and tâ—…ee other Vessels But these were soon applied to other uses D. Iames de Meneses coming from Chale he sent him back with 1500 Men who came too late the Fort being already delivered to Zamori upon Conditions This surrender was made contrary to the plurality of Votes by the Commander D. George de Castro overcome by the Prayers and Tears of his Wife and other Ladies that were there without considering that he was Eighty Years of Age and ought rather to chuse an honourable Death than a short term of infamous Life Nor was this all his fault for the Provision had lasted longer had not he put it into his Wife's Hands and she into those of her Slaves Thus she was the first Eve among the Portugueses of India that tempted her Husband to a Crime of this nature this being the first place so delivered by them to the Enemy And the Viceroy could not but lose more Honour by loss of Chale than he could justly pretend to by the raising the Siege of Goa 4. D. Iames gathering the People that came out of Chale and were under the Protection of the King of Tanor left them at Cochin Then dividing his Fleet with Mathiâ—… de Albuquerque they clear'd the Sea of Pyrats and secured the Coasts next they took and demolished a Fort built by a Nayque subject to Hidalcan at the mouth of the River Sanguicer Here was killed Antony Fernandez Chale a Malabar who for his Valour and Conduct had often the Honour to Command many of the bravest Gentlemen that were in India at that time He was of the Order of Christ was carried to Goa and there buried with greater State than any till that day that had not been Governor of India 5. When the Viceroy accepted this Command in Portugal so much lessened by the Division of Governments his great aim was to get an Estate being poor and having Children He thought India might mend his broken Fortune and that Antony Moniz Barrâ—…to would be satisfied with less than was ordered to fit him out for the Government of Malaca he was deceived for Moniz was not satisfied with what could be done nor was India in a Condition to give what was promised him in order to go to Malaca nor Malaca in a posture for a Man who look'd upon his Reputation to go thither with that Title without a considerable Force The one would not go with what was given him and the other could not give more Difficulties hard to be composed 6. Moniz resolved not to go to Malaca and writ to Portugal that the Reason was because the Viceroy would not furnish him with what was requisite as not desiring he should go Malicious Whispers are generally grateful to Princes and great Men. Those who govern'd King Sebastiaâ—… unhappy Kingdom whose King is a Child without any other Information besides this Gentleman's which all tended to his own Advantage committed the weakest Act that has been heard of Moniz himself will shame them and himself as shall appear in its proper place 7. The Vice-Roy after fitting out several Squadrons as usual and receiving four Ships from Portugal two whereof were lost in their Return was obliged to make ready a considerable Succour for Damam threatned by the Mogol on account that that Place and Baâ—…aim both belonged to the Kingdom of Cambaya whereof he was now possessed
from going to relieve our Men whom he held in great Distress or if he were gone to possess themselves of those Islands They being too late to stop him besieged the People of Ulate in the Islands of Iliacer They had been forty days shut up when D. Duarte de Meneses with Sancho de Vasconcelos who commanded at Sea came to their Relief They of Ulate encourag'd with this Succor fell upon the Besiegers and put them to flight They presented our Captain with Baskets of Heads and he returning to Amboina found D. Duarte dead and succeeded him in that Command The Command of the Sea he gave to Simon de Abreu call'd Papabierro that is Sword-swallower because being concern'd in many Duels he always disarm'd his Adversary 6. Being abroad with his Squadron he met that of Ternate and there began a furious Battle but the other Vessels in the heat of the Action forsook him and he overpower'd by the Multitude was killed and 25 men with him Autony Lopâ—…z de Resende who went not off with those Cowards came to succour him but it being too late the Enemy offer'd him Quarter and he refused it saying He bad rather die as his Commander had done The Admiral of Ternate attacks him and he taking a Cannon upon his Shoulder I suppose it was a little one order'd a Souldier to give fire to it so succesfully that it broke the Admiral 's Leg. His Men thought him dead and whilst they were busie about him Resende had time to make his escape having lost four Men in this great Action 7. The little King of Atua a new Convert who had fought bravely was betrayed to Reboanje Commander of the Ternatenses who offer'd him his Life if he would renounce the Faith and threatned him with a new sort of Martyrdom if he refused He continued firm and being hung by a Rope between two Vessels Reboanje's Galley run with all its force at and tore him to pieces 8. Iohn de Silva succeeded in the Command of the Sea All our Men seeing so many misfortunes befal us in those Islands were for quitting them Only Sancho de Vasconcelos protested he would not abandon the Christians of those Islands affirming if no Body would bear him Company he would stay alone and defend them with the Natives They were all asham'd and yielded to his Resolution They quitted Ito and fortified themselves upon the Point of Rosanive where the Land makes a Bay of four Leagues in Length and three Leagues over at the mouth and runs up still narrower like a Pyramid on one side of the Point is the pleasant and plentiful Town of Rosanive the Inhabitants thereof and the neighbouring Places were our Friends There the new Fort was built the Atives and Tavires labouring at it with great Fidelity to the Portugueses by whom they were reduced to the Faith which they firmly adhered to Iohn de Silva went to Malaca for Succor which was granted him by Francis de Costa commanding there and was cast away in the Bay of Tapara where the Men were made Slaves 9. Though these were lost yet some Supplies came to Amboina sent by the Viceroy Our Enemies at Atua falling on a sudden upon the Portugueses killed five and an Italian â—…esuit Mascarennas fled into the Woods whence he was brought out at the end of eight days almost famished Sancho gathering our Friends fell upon Atua and killed not only the Children at their Mother's Breasts but the very Beasts In the Island 〈◊〉 twelve Leagues distant he did the same some of the Natives retiring to a Mountain 10. At this time time arrived at Goa four Ships from Portugal under the Command of D. Francis de Sousa who as soon as he landed went to the Archbishop D. Gasper and deliver'd to him a Letter from the King and other Papers Scarce had that ancient and learned Man seen them when without any consideration he committed a great weakness putting those Orders in Execution for there being several Circumstances that ought to be weighed by a Person of his Years and Profession he instantly with great disorder called together several persons appointed for this extravagant Action into the Church 11. The Orders were read by a Cryer they contain'd That D. Antony de Noronnâ—… should be deposed from the Viceroyship and that Antony Moniz Barreto should immediately succeed him with the Title of Governour All Noronna's Crime whereby he merited to be thus deposed was that he gave not to Moniz what was not in his power to give and all the Merit of Moniz that he promised that which afterwards he could not perform D. Antony return'd to Portugal though slighted not inglorious for extravagant Injuries done by Superiors are rather Honours than Affronts to the Person that receives them Yet he not well considering it died for Grief as did his Wife and Brother-in-law and that Minister 〈◊〉 State who was the cause of their Death by crediting so slightly the Information of Antony Moniz being sensible of the wrong he had done broke his Heart And King Sebastian hearing of the Death of D. Antony declared he was sorry it happen'd before 〈◊〉 had made him reparation of his Honoâ—… D. Antony was a Man of great Honour Siâ—… cerity and Prudence and who according to the Rules of the World deserved his ill Fortune His Visage long and disagreeable his Body large and gross In the number of Viceroys he was the 11th in that of Governors the 25th the 1st of the Name and 4th of the Sirname he held the Government â—…wo Years and deserved to hold it many CHAP. XIV The Government of Antony Moniz Barreto from the Year 1573 till 1576 in the Reign of King Sebastian 1. SCarce had the Bishop concluded that Act so misbecoming the Pastoral Staff when he took out another Order wherein Gonçalo Pereyra Marramaque was appointed to succeed Antony Moniz Barreto in the Government of Malaca and in default of him D. Leonis Pereyra was named The latter succeeded for the other died after relieving of Ternate This done that Pharisaical Cabaâ—… broke up and hasted to carry the News to â—…he Viceroy who received it with such unconcernedness as might well put them all out of Countenance 2. Advice is now brought that Malaca â—…s again in danger the Kâ—…ng of Achem being again before it assisted by the Queen of Iaâ—…a The new Governor orders D. Leonis Perâ—…yra to be gone to his Government to â—…ccour that place D. Leonis demands of â—…im what he had before demanded of D. Aâ—…tony and he returns the same answer Noâ—…a had given him without remembring what he had writ to the King or considering he had now less reason to refuse D. Lâ—…onis than Noronna had to deny him for then India was threatned by all the Power of the East and was now deliver'd of that danger D. Leonis to take all manner of excuse from him would have been satisfied with much less now than Moniz demanded before But even that was
Winter of Felt. Much Ceremony is used at the time they first put on the Net The Rich wear Shoes of Silk the Poor of Cotton differing from ours in fashion and costly Leather is only used for Boots which are rare In the same manner the Rich wear Stockins of Damask or other soft Silk the meaner Sort of Cotton but all white Breeches are common to Men and Women The latter dress their Hair with Flowers natural or artificial except the common Women who are not allowed to use them nor to live within the Walls 10. The Apparel of Men and Women is the same in all other Points but these have Feet less than can be imagined and to make them so they swath them hard from their Infancy The Custom was taken from a Queen who having deformed Feet endeavoured by that means to bring them into shape 11. The Women are very retired none of any Age is seen in the Street no Men visit them in their Houses nor presume to enter into their Apartments Servants have admittance only whilst very young Brother or Father-in-law on no account The ordinariest Women go abroad in Chairs If they happen to go a foot on account of any Pilgrimage they cover their Faces If they travel in Boats they pass by each other without speaking one word Yet in some parts of this great Empire Women go abroad but such as are of Quality always after this manner 12. The Language is thought to be one of the 72 of Babel by their Books it appears to be of Four thousand Years standing It is called Quenhra or the Language of Mandarines because as they spread their Command they introduced it and it is used through all the Empire as Latin in Europe It is very barren and as it has more Letters far than any other so it has fewer Words for there are not above 326 that absolutely differ and of those that only vary in accent and aspiration 1228 most end in Vowels the rest in M and N They are all Monasyllables all indeclinable as well Verbs as Nouns so contrived that often a Noun serves for a Verb and the contrary and sometimes for an Adverb Thus it is easier to be learned than Latin It is most compendious and therefore the most grateful to the Chineses It is rather sweet than harsh and spoke as they do at Nanking pleasing to the Ear very full of respectful Terms To bid one take a thing in his hand among us we repeat the Verb take which they do not each word signifies the Verb and Manner Nien is to take with two Fingers Tço to take with them all Chua with the whole hand downwards Tcie with it opened upwards So in other Verbs A Man's Foot they call Kio a Birds Chua a Beasts Thi. 13. They use a different Stile in Writing and Speaking the Letters are as ancient as the Language They all know them but not all by the same Name The Author of them they say was Fohi one of their first Kings at first they were fewer in number plainer and in some measure like what they expressed There are now four sorts of Letters The ancient still used in Books and by Lawyers but only for Titles and Seals instead or â—…ts The second called Chicum the most generally used The third Taipie little practised but on Fans in Letters and Prologues The fourth a sort of short hand 14. There are Sixty thousand Letters But they use Abbreviations so that 't is enough to know Ten thousand to write read and be learned If they meet any that is not known they turn to a Book like our Dictionary and find it Only nine strokes serves to form all this multitude of Letters but several Letters and perfect Figures are joined to signifie different things This stroke stands for one crossed with another stroke it stands for ten another stroke being drawn under the lower point it signifies the Earth with another at the top a King adding a prick on the left hand between the two first points a precious Stone with Dashes before a Pearl and all Letters that signifie precious Stones must have this last mark all that signifie Trees must have the Letter that is for Wood adjoined and so of other things 15. Good Writing is valued above the best Painting All written Paper is looked upon as Sacred if it lies on the Ground they take it up carefully The manner of Writing is downwards from the top to the bottom and from the Right towards the Left-hand as the Hebrews and all the People of the East If a word of Respect as your Lordship or the like fall in the middle of a Line they write not forward but begin the next Line because it is not esteemed Manners to join any word to those if they write the Name of God it is set above the rest of the Line 16. They once writ on the Rine of the Barks of Trees with Iron points as also on Plates of Metal which now are highly esteemed Paper has been invented among them Two thousand Years and is of so many sorts and so plentiful that there is as much in China as all the World besides for goodness none to compare to it The most usual in Printing and plentifullest is made of a Tree called by them Cho by the Indians Bombo made in the same manner as ours but the best is of Cotton Rags Instead of Pens they use Pensils of several sorts of Hair but the Hares is best There are no Ink-horns but Stones on which the Ink is ground as Colours among us it is also sold in Rags in the nature as we have Spanish Wool but the best is Lamp-black and they that make it are not accounted Mechanicks 17. Printing has been used by them Sixteen hundred Years we said before it was all carved on Wood. The Author writes his Book in the size it must be published and every Leaf is pasted on a Board and graved exactly as he writ it therefore they write and print only upon one side of the Paper so that every Leaf consists of two for the Books are sewed along the edges of the Paper not the middle as we do the Blanks remain within and the two Leaves pass as one the best Wood for this use is Pear-tree When they would have the Paper black and Letters white they are carved in Stone because in the Stone the Letters are cut into the Superficies and in Wood they make the Superficies That manner of Printing is only used for Epitaphs Paintings Trees Mountains and such like things which are preserved with respect and are lasting Memorials CHAP. XV. A Continuation of the same Subject 1. FRom their Childhood they apply themselves to study the first Books they read are Morals then the classick Authors which are entirely learned by Heart next the Masters exposition who looks not on the Book when he teaches The Coppies for writing are laid under the Paper and the learner draws by it the Paper being
with five small Vessels from Onor whither he had been sent by the late Governor Nuno de Cuna upon this occasion One of Solyman's Gallies that had been at Diu was forcod into that Port and 't was thought that Queen then a Widow violated the Peace concluded with us by protecting it Gonçalo Vaz calling her to account she Answered The Gally was there against her Will she not being in a condition to binder it but should be glad it were taken by our Vessels The Captain attempted it and after a sharp Engagement was forced to desist having lost 15 Men and among them his Son Iames. He suspected the Queen had assisted the Enemy and refusing some Refreshment she sent for the wounded Men returned some rash Words mixed with Threats The Queen cleared her self and again offered Peace which was concluded and some Portugueses left in that Port to observe what the Queen did towards expelling the Turks 4. We will conclude this Year with the memory of the Arrival of six Ships at Lisbon from India rather for the Bones than the Riches they carried In one of them was the Body of the Great D. Vasco de Gama which the King caused to be laid in his Tomb with the greatest Magnificence that has been seen in this Kingdom 5. This Year Peter de Faria the second time was made Commander of the famous Fort of Malaca Immediately resorted to him Embassadors from the Neighbouring Kings to congratulate and confirm Peace with us The first was of the Bataas in Sumatra upon the Ocean where the Island of Gold was imagined to be and which we earnestly desired to discover but that Design being later we will then speak of this Embassy The second was of Aaru in Sumatra both demanded Assistance against him of Achem. Faria had not yet taken possession of the Command which still D. Stephen de Gama held for a few Weeks One excused himself because his Power was expiring the other because he had not yet commenced Whereas both ought to joyn in relieving that King as well because his Fidelity merited it as because his Kingdom lay between Malaca and Achem and served us for a Bulwark Gama was most in fault being in possession and much pressed by Faria to grant it But we shall soon see him more blameable refusing then what he now urged should be granted Such the Inconstancy of Man 6. Afterwards Peter de Faria sent that King some Relief but it was inconsiderable and came late The King of Achem sent against him his Brother-in-Law Heredim Mahomet with 160 Vessels all of Oars and 12000 Fighting Men. He from the Mouth of the River Puneticam battered Aaru's Fortifications but to no effect so he Landed and entred the Works But was again beaten out with loss of Men and Canon The Besiegers persisting some days lose 3000 Men. They bribe an Officer of the Besieged who treacherously led the King to a dangerous place where he was killed by a Musquet-Ball The Enemy enters the Works and putting all even the Sick to the Sword flew 2000. The Body of the dead King was carried to Him of Achem who caused it to be cut in pieces and boiled in Oil. 7. The Queen of Aaru who was in a Wood hearing the Death of her Husband would have burnt her self alive but being hindred with about 300 Men fell upon the Achems who were plundering the City and slew 200. Being too weak to proceed she returned to the Woods and from thence made Excursions but not able to hold out went over to Malaca with about 600 persons in her Retinue in 16 Vessels Peter de Faria sent his Son Alvaro who had the Command of the Sea to receive her upon the River with pomp and grandeur 8. Faria treated her with much Respect but kept her four Months with only Promises of Succour till she Despairing publickly reproached him for this Neglect and he without any regard gave no other Answer than Turning his Back Private Interest drew away the Commander from the performance of what he owed to a Royal Matron who for her Husbands sake deserved our Aid for her Misfortunes our Pity and for her Merit Respect 9. The afflicted Widow went to the King of Ujantana then at Bintam who scandalized at Peter de Faria's Proceedings offered Assistance and Married her to have the better Title to pretend to the Kingdom of Aaru He sent his Embassador to Achem to demand that Crown as his Right by Marriage The Tyrant would not hear the Embassador nor receive the Present he brought which is the greatest Affront among those Princes but sent a Letter full of Reproaches saying among other things His Letter had been writ upon the Wedding-Table 10. The King of Ujantana provoked by this Affront immediately set out 200 Sail under the Command of his Admiral Lacxemena who Anchored before the Fort of Puneticam and carried it at the first Assault killing 1400 Achems and their Commander Morat Arraez a Turk 11. By this time Heredim Mahomet was Sailing that way with such another Fleet and in it 12000 Fighting Men. The two Fleets met and after a sharp Engagement Heredim being killed by a Canon-Ball his Men dismayed and most of the Fleet was taken by Lacxemena most of the Achems slain and only 14 Vessels got off 12. The King of Achem caused the 14 Captains to be Beheaded because they fled and the Souldiers Beards to be cut off and that upon pain of being sawed alive they should ever wear Womens Habit with a sort of Tabor in their Hands and whenever they affirmed any thing upon Oath they should say As I hope to see my Husband safe or else As I hope to see the Children I have bore prosper This was put in Execution and let it not seem strange for in the time of King Sebastian two Gentlemen for Cowardise were Condemned either to be Beheaded or walk the City of Lisbon with a Spinning-Rock at their Girdle and one of them chose this last 13. But above 20 years after this in 1564 the King of Ujantana possessing Aaru without apprehension he of Achem furiously fell upon and took Him and his Women and put them all to death with barbarous Torments The Kingdom of Aaru he gave to his eldest Son who after died before Malaca as shall appear in its place CHAP. II. Continues the Government of the Vice Roy D. Garcia de Noronha 1. LEt us return to our Vice-Roy whom we left at Sea After the danger and loss above related he entred the Port of Diu with 50 Sail. He applauded as was due the Bravery of Antony de Silveyra repaired the Fort and delivered it to Iames Lopez de Sousa to whom the Command was given by the King Let it suffice once for all to note That these Commands are always given by the King and so many Successors named that many of them are in their Graves before they succeed in the Post. A Treaty of Peace was set on foot and
Inhabitants called them the Bearded People not but those People have Beards but theirs are short and thin ours then were at their full growth and some reached to the Waste By them the Captain was informed that River was formerly called Tauralachim that is Great Stock to express its Greatness it is deep for Eighty Leagues up to Moncalor then shallower and wide where is a Country for Eight days Journey Unpeopled by a multitude of Birds 40 years before the great Kingdom of the Chintaleuho's In the middle of it is the great Lake Cunabetee or Chiamay whence spring four great Rivers It is 180 Leagues in compass beset with Mines of Silver Copper Tin and Lead 8. Hence he directed his Course for the Island Hainan passed in sight of Champiloo in the Latitude of 13 Degrees and at the entrance of the Bay of Cochinchina Farther on he discovered the Promontory Pulocampas whence is seen the Point of Hainan Westward is a River up which Borrallo was sent in a small Vessel with 16 Men who discovered at least Two thousand Sail and a large Walled Town On their Return they saw a large Vessel at Anchor The Captain thinking it was Coja Hazem fell upon and took it But among the Prisoners he found an ancient Christian of Mount Sinai who told him it belonged to Quiay Tayjam a Pyrat who had killed above a Hundred Portugueses and now laid hid in the Fore-Castle with six or seven others who were all killed there In that Vessel were found 70000 Quintals or Hundred weight of Pepper much other Spice Ivory Tin Wax and Powder all valued at 60000 Crowns besides good Cannon Baggage and some Plate In the Hold were nine Children the biggest about nine years of Age loaded with Irons and starving with Hunger 9. Coasting along the Island Hainan he met some Fishers of Pearâ—… whom he used courteously They told him the Island belonged to the King of China Hence he went to the River Tanaâ—…quir where two great Vessels suddenly fell upon Faria both which after a long Dispute he took having killed 80 of their Men and lost 14 whereof one Portugues After a while they heard lamentable Cries in the Hold of one of those Vessels where they sound seventeen Prisoners two of them Portugueses One of which said those Vessels belonged to Necoda Xicaulem who after turning Christian at Malaca and marrying a Portugues had killed her and many more of her Country His Body being found was cut in pieces The Booty was valued at 50000 Crowns One of the Vessels was burnt for want of Men to sail it in both were seventeen Brass Guns most of them with the Arms of Portugal 10. He Anchored forty Leagues farther at C. Tilaumere where came up with our four Vessels four others in which was the Bride of a Noble young Man who had promised to meet her there with a like number of Ships and this mistake brought them to our Vessels Three of them were taken and in one of them the Bride Some Seamen were chose the rest set ashoar They came to Mutipinam and found it a most convenient place to sell their Prizes The Governour of the City somewhat obstructed the Sale so they were obliged to hasten it the Goods were paid for in Silver uncoyned and amounted to Two hundred thousand Crowns This was the beginning of the Year 1541. CHAP. VI. Continues the Exploits of Antony de Faria 1. ANtony de Faria sailed on in search of the Port of Madel in the Island Hainan and by the way took some Prizes Here he met Hinymilau a bold Pyrat and a great Enemy to Christians whom he delighted to put to cruel Deaths They had a bloody Fight with and at length took him He gave a bold Relation of the Cruelties he had exercised against the Portugueses and was therefore with four more immediately killed The Prize was valued at 70000 Ducats 2. This Action struck such a Terrour into many of those that were there in that River that they sent a Message to Faria offering him 30000 Crowns to take them into his Protection calling him King of those Seas and desiring of him Passes for their safe Trading therein He received the Mony and gave the Passes by only Writing of which in Twelve days time a Servant of his got 6000 Ducats The Governour of the City offered to make him Admiral of those Seas for the King of China with a Pension of 9000 Crowns if he would serve Such a Name had he already got in those parts 3. They run all along this Coast without any remarkable Occurrence only saw many though not large Towns and a very fruitful Country and were informed there were there Mines of Silver Tin Salt-Peter and Brimstone The Souldiers now weary of looking after the Pyrat Coja Hazem demanded their shares of the Prizes to be gone They agreed and directed their Course for the Kingdom of Siam By a furious Storm they were wrecked upon the Island De los Ladrones where of Five hundred Men only Eighty six got ashoar naked of these Twenty eight were Portugueses Here they were fifteen days almost without any thing to eat A Bird flying over them with a Fish dropt it and afterwards they saw many others that frighted at their Shouts let fall their Prey this and a Deer they found killed by a Tyger kept them awhile but some died with Want Being thus in despair because the Island was not Inhabited they discovered a small Vessel making to the shoar where they cast Anchor and presently Thirty Men landed some carried Wood and Water and others diverted themselves They were Chineses Our Men agreeing together upon a sign run furiously and possessed themselves of the Vessel and with the same swiftness put to Sea The Chineses were astonished at that unexpected Misfortune and our Men overjoyed finding in the Vessel good Provision and much Silk In the Barque they found only an Old man and a Child whose Father was left ashoar 4. Sailing for Liampo in Port Xamoy they took a Vessel of Chineses and went to the Island Luxitay where they stayed fifteen days went over to the great Vessel and Refitted the small one and then went on Upon the Coast of Lamau they discovered a great Vessel which as it came near began to fire Fifteen great Guns it carried but coming closer they discovered Crosses and Portugues Habits on both sides so they hailed each other and the Vessel appeared to belong to Quiay Panjau a Chinese and great Friend to the Portugueses whereof he had Thirty Souldiers aboard He came to Farias's Vessel and brought a present of Amber Pearls Gold and Silver worth Two thousand Ducats After other Discourse our Captain told him he was bound for Liampo to furnish himself with Necessaries in order to attempt the Mines of Quamjaparu where he was told he might get a Treasure Quiay Panjau offered to accompany him demanding for himself only the Third part of what should be taken which was agreed 5. At
F. Pascalis was so well received by the King Iavira Pandar of Candea that desiring to become a Christian he was only deterred for fear of his Subjects rebelling and therefore desired assistance of the Governour in case of any Commotion Antony Moniz Barreto was sent to this effect Mean while the King of Cota persuades Iavira That he should no sooner be a Christian but the Portugueses would deprive him of his Kingdom The King giving Credit to this wicked Device resolved to kill all the Portugueses sent to his assistance But the better to execute it feigned himself still of the same Mind Barreto it is not known how had Intelligence of the Design and finding more danger in Returning to the Ships than going on to Ceitavaca where that King was our Friend he caused those One hundred and twenty Men he had Landed to burn all they had except some little Provision to let them know they were to save nothing but their Lives Three days they marched fighting with Eight thousand Men so fortunately that they arrived at Ceitavaca without losing one Man To the great Honour of their Captain 9. Our irreconcileable Enemy the King of Achem about this time sent against Malaca a Fleet of sixty Sail and in it Five thousand Land-men among which were Five hundred Orobalones commonly called Of the Gold Bracelets because they wear them and are very brave but his best Regiment was of Turks and Janizaries This Body was Commanded by a Valiant Moor who had the style of Dr. King of Pedir He Landed by Night at Malaca and found nothing but some Geese which he took to shew his Prince as a Testimony of his Landing But those Fowl alarming the City as formerly the Capitol caused all to be in readiness which was but little the Town being then very scarce of Men. 10. However the Enemy was forced to retire and imbark having burnt two Ships of ours that were ready to sail Without they took seven Fishermen and cutting off their Noses Ears and Feet sent them to the Commander Simon de Melo with a Challenge writ with their Blood The Challenge was made a Jest of because there was no Force there to Answer it But the Great St. Francis Xaverius who was zealous for the King's Honour as well as the Service of God being there then he disapproved the Jest and advised to meet the Enemy at any rate The Governour and others excused themselves urging there were in the Port but eight small Vessels which as being rotten and unfit for service lay aground This was true but the Cause of it was the Neglect and Avarice of the Government 11. The Great Xaverius took so much pains that he prevailed with some Merchants to fit out those Vessels prophetically promising two Galliots would come to their Aid The time prefixed was near expired when they appeared sailing for Patane and came into Malaca though they had not designed it The Saint went aboard found they were Commanded by Iames Suarez de Melo called the Gallego and his Son Baltasar he persuaded them to have a part in that Action These Ten poor Vessels being fitted and manned with Two hundred and thirty Men sailed to find out the Enemy under the Command of D. Francis Deça 12. Being about to return Home after two Months spent in search of the Enemy they found him in the River Parles and Engaged upon a Sunday Morning The Fight was desperate our Men behaved themselves with incredible Bravery and had a most compleat Victory killing Four thousand of the Enemy sinking several of their Ships and taking most of the rest whereof they carried away but Twenty five for want of Men and burnt the rest Three hundred Pieces of Cannon were taken and almost a Thousand Musquets This Victory cost us but Twenty five Men some say only four 13. At the time of this Fight St. Francis was Preaching at Malaca and pausing on a sudden related all the particulars of it to his Auditory who were in great Care for those Ships having had no News of them in two Months His Prediction was verified a few days after by their Arrival 14. In September arrived five Ships from Lisbon Six set out but the one was Cast-away at Angoxa the Men saved and distributed amongst the other Ships CHAP. V. The End of the Government of D. John de Castro 1. THe Governour began this Year with the utter destruction of the Coast subject to Hidalcan He had the same Fleet as before and began in Ianuary at the River Charopa two Leagues from Goa He spared neither Living Creature Vegetable nor the very Stones but burnt and slaughtered all as far as the City Dabul which was reduced to Ashes the Inhabitants being fled with the best of their Goods Hence he ran in the same manner to the River Cifardam which parts this Kingdom from that of Melique 2. The King of Campar who had taken the City Adem from the Turks being threatned by them had recourse to the Portugueses submitting himself to our King and to this effect D. Payo de Norona was sent to him with a Supply by the Commander of Ormuz D. Payo behaved not himself as he ought to have done on this Occasion for the King marching out to fight the Turks by whom he was beaten and slain and having left him to guard the City he over-fearful of Treachery retired to his Ship and returned not though he saw the Town Assaulted Some Turkish Galleys came and besieged the place and D. Payo having promised the Prince assistance left him carrying away the few Portugueses he had brought Emanuel Pereyra resolved to stay there and Francis Vieyra who was raising Men at Campar made his way in Both behaved themselves bravely but the Turks entring by Treachery the Prince and one of his Brothers were killed the Portugueses with another retired to Campar to expect the Succours were to come from India 3. D. Alvaro went with Three hundred Men in Thirty Vessels loaded with Ammunition The Governour was overjoyed with the News of the submission of Adem But this Joy was soon allayed by a dangerous Fever and a violent Mutiny raised for want of Bread Emanuel de Sousa Sepulveda prudently appeased it and the Governour being recovered caused his Hand to be cut off who Beat the Drum to Call the People and two others of the Chief to be imprisoned 4. D. Iohn de Ataide or Meneses sent before by D. Alvaro to Adem entring boldly as believing it to be in the possession of D. Payo lost two Vessels and all the Men that were in them who were either killed or made Slaves by the Turks Noronha met D. Alvaro at Canequirim and earnestly laboured to represent how great the Danger was that obliged him to quit that place But the dead Kings Embassadour and his own Silence when accused were Witnesses against him He came afterwards to Goa and one of his Servants having taken a Hen from a Slave the Slave was complaining at
the Door they would not restore it When a Portugues passing by told him Leave off for in that House they love Hens If it were Adem they would soon part with it but not a Hen. Now in Portugues by a Hen they signifie a Coward as well as the Fowl and the word Adem signifies a Duck and was the name of the place he quitted D. Alvaro finding the posture of Affairs so changed desisted from the Enterprize 5. He had Orders as soon as he concluded at Adem to go to Caxem that first being laid aside he went to the second The King of Caxem impatiently expected his assistance against the Turks who had taken his Castle of Xael They assaulted it and those within being only Thirty offered to surrender upon Honourable Terms The Portugueses against the Inclination of the King and D. Alvaro refused to give any Conditions and wrongfully detained them that came to Treat Pride and Injustice seldom go unpunished The Portugueses attack the Fort and the Besieged turning their Submission into Rage died couragiously killing Five hundred Portugueses The rest returned in Triumph to Goa which was no ways grateful to the Governour and 't is thought the Cowardize at Adem and Rashness at Xael were two great Causes that carried him to his Grave for all he endeavoured to dissemble it 6. The News of the Victory at Diu being brought this Year to Lisbon the King resolved to send a greater Fleet than usual to India and to Honour D. Iohn with unusual Favours for they were the first that any Governour of India received from his Prince for good Service performed The Fleet consisted of seventeen Sail. D. Iohn had the Government continued to him with the Title of Vice-Roy a Present of Mony and his Son D. Alvaro made Admiral of the Indian Seas 7. D. Iohn was almost dead when these Bounties reached him and he died of a Disease that nowadays kills no man though it did formerly for even Diseases dye It was grief for the miserable estate India was reduced to without any means of redressing it and the Actions of some Gentlemen among them that of his Son at Xael He publickly begged pardon of many for Writing against them to the King that it may appear even Great Spirits purchase Favour by mean Whispers 8. D. Iohn find ing himself unable to manage the Government appointed a Council of select Persons to supply his place And when he saw there was no hopes of Life he called them before him and some others and said Though he neither hoped nor desired to live yet while he continued in that condition something must be spent That he had nothing and desired that they would order something out of the King's Revenue that he might not dye for want Then he ordered a Mass-Book to be brought and laying his hand upon it his Eyes lifted up to Heaven swore That he had no way made use of the Kings or any other mans Mony That he had not drove any Trade to increase his own Stock and desired that this Act of his might be Recorded Soon after he gave up the Ghost in the Arms of St. Francis Xaverius on the 6th of Iune in the 48th year of his Age having Governed two Years and eight Months In his private Cabinet was found a Bloody Discipline and three Royals which was all his Treasure 9. He was buried in the Church of Saint Francis In the Year 1576 his Body was brought to Portugal and laid in the Church of Bemfica of the Dominicans on a Hill not far from Lisbon He is painted Crowned with Palm-branches and cloathed in Red. He was a great Latinist and well skilled in Mathematicks Being desirous to know why the Red-Sea appears of that Colour he made Men Dive to the bottom and bring up what they found whereof he writ a Treatise 10. D. Iohn Governed without suffering himself to be over-ruled by Pride as others did before and after him He asked nothing for himself as a Superiour what the Necessities of the Government required he asked as an Equal He valued Men according to Merit not Fancy He so much loved every one should look like what he was that seeing a fine Suit of Cloaths as he passed by a Taylors and being told it was his Sons he cut it in pieces saying Bid that young man provide Arms. He was the 14th in the number of Governours and may be accounted the 4th Vice-Roy and first of the Name 11. It is fit something should be said of this Great Man's descent and first Actions He was born the Year 1500 and was Son of Alvaro de Castro Governour of the Chancery and of D. Leonor de Noronha Daughter of D. Iohn de Almeyda Count of Abrantes In his Youth he served in Tangier and returning home had a Commendary valued at 500 Ducats a year conferred on him which was all a man of his Birth and Merits was ever worth In those days the Revenues were small and Men great afterwards the Revenues grew great and the Men little A Great Soul then did much with a little now they do nothing with a great deal The Year 1505 when D. Francis de Almeyda went first Vice Roy of India his Salary was but 15000 Royals a year D. Constantine fifty years after because he was of the Blood Royal had 40000. Now they have 100000. See who performed the greatest Exploits in that Post. 12. He served afterwards under the Emperour CHARLES the Fifth in the Expedition of Tuniz and refused his part of a Present in Mony that Prince made to the Portugues Officers saying He served the King of Portugal and of him expected his Reward After this he commanded a Fleet upon the Coast and was sent with another to the Relief of Ceuta which joyning with that of Spain the Spaniard hearing the Moors were drawing near would draw off to Consult concerning the manner of giving Battle but D. Iohn refused to stir The Moors not knowing the Fleets were parted retired and D. Iohn remained with the Honour of this Action 13. When the Vice-Roy D. Garcia de Noronha went to India D. Iohn was Captain of one of his Ships Being ready to go aboard the King sent him a Grant of the Command of Ormuz and 1000 Ducats a year â—…ll he was in possession of it The last he â—…ccepted because he was poor and refused â—…e first saying He had not yet deserved it â—…e went to Suez with D. Stephen de Gama â—…nd up to Mount Sinai where his Son 〈◊〉 Alvaro was Knighted Being returned to â—…ortugal he lived retired in a Country-â—…ouse he built near Cintra giving himself altogether to his Studies Thence he was called by the Advice of the Infante D. Luis and sent Governour to India CHAP. VI. The Government of Garcia de Sá from the Year 1548 till the Year 1549 in the Reign of King JOHN the Third 1. THE first Patent of Succession being opened named D. Iohn Mascarenhas who after the long Siege of
against those Confederates since they could not be brought to a Peace 2. The Weather being seasonable the King of Pimienta took the Field at Bardela wth 10000 Nayres the King of Cochin did the same with his Men and 600 Portugueses Commanded by the rash Francis de Sylva Captain of that Fort. The Armies being drawn up in sight the King of Pimienta at the Request of Sylva gave him a Meeting between them Sylva pressed for an Accommodation which the King condescending to upon reasonable Terms was broke off by our Captain who having more natural Strength than natural Reason acted more like a Brute than a Man The Armies charged each other Couragiously and the King of Pimienta was carried off Wounded and died before he knew the event of the Battle His Men fled and were pursued into their City with great slaughter the Royal Palace was fired which among them is the hainousest Affront whereupon they Rallied and fell upon the Victors with such Fury that they obliged them to retire in great disorder Sylva discharged some few that stood by him and rushing into the thickest of the Enemies was killed Above fifty Portugueses were lost here which abundantly countervailed for our Victory 3. Five thousand Nayres all sworn to Revenge the death of their King or dye entred the Country of Cochim killing many and forcing others to fly to the Fort. The Commander of the Fort Henry de Sousa marced out and finding them engaged with the Indians who fought desperately killed Five hundred Two strange and contrary Accidents hapned upon this occasion One was a Man that lay dying arose and taking a Lance did great Execution among the Enemies and perfectly recovered his health The other a Man in perfect health who fell down dead with the Fright 4. All the Joy of this Success vanished at the sight of Zamori who came attended by the Princes of Malabar with 140000 Men. He Encamped with 100000 at Chembe ordering those Princes who were eighteen in number and among them the King of Tanor lately so fond of us and our Religion with the other 40000 whereof 5000 had devoted themselves to pass over into the Island Bardela Our Governour upon the first Advice prepared to meet this Storm He sent before Emanuel de Sousa Sepulveda with four Ships and Orders That having joyned those that were at Cochim he should shut up those Princes in the Island till he came being resolved to follow at his Heels Sepulveda did his part and the Governour his for he sailed immediately the Cities of Goa Chaul and Baçaim furnishing what they had offered for the Expedition against the Turks which came to nothing The Fleet consisted of above 100 Sail and almost 4000 Landmen The first Execution was at Tiracole where many Houses Ships and Goods were burnt Coulete suffered the same Fate after a vigorous Resistance which cost the Lives of many of them and sixteen of ours At Panane the same and we lost eight 5. Our Governour Landed at Cochim and found that King with Forty thousand Men he had himself Six thousand Two thousand having joyned him there The Island being beset and Signal given to fall on those within began to waive a white Flag for a Parley It was concluded those eighteen Princes should put themselves into the Governours hands upon promise of Life He finding they delayed resolved to fight them the next day but was hindred by a great Flood yet he concluded he might put his design in execution the day after But what security is there in human Felicity Cabral was almost in possession of one of the most glorious Actions that had been seen in India when the sudden Arrival of the Vice-Roy D. Alfonso de Noronha ravished this Honour from him noâ—… suffering him to proceed nor concluding himself what was so well begun On the contrary he suffered all those Princes to escape with their whole Army 6. St. Francis Xaverius seeing how many great Enterprizes were disappointed through the malice or Envy of the Governours wrote a Letter to the King acquainting him therewith and advising to punish such Miscarriages with severity whereby they might for the future be prevented But Ministers serve as they please Saints advise well and Princes Eyes are never opened Commonly the want of due Punishment is the cause of publick Calamities 7. Whilst George Cabral was at Cochim waiting to embarque in the Ships that were bound to Portugal one Night about the middle of February there was a Report That Eight thousand sworn Nayres would enter the City Cabral run to the Gates with Emanuel de Sousa Sepulveda in order to march out and meet them at Break of Day but was hindred by the Council of the City He stayed with a competent Number of Men to guard the Town and sent Sepulveda with Fifteen hundred Portugueses and the Natives They found those desperate Men in a Neighbouring Town acting all that Rage and Malice could suggest They Charged them the Fight was very desperate fifty Portugueses were slain and above a Thousand of the Amouco's or devoted Nayres the rest fled 8. Let us see what was done during this time by the Captains sent by the Governour to several parts The King of Cota had asked Succour against his Brother Madune Pandar King of Ceitavaca who endeavoured to expel him his Kingdom he offered in requital for the Relief to pay a greater Tribute than before Caralea Pandar Prince of Candea not following the Example of his Father who was bent against the Religious Men who made him a Christian desired to be Baptized and fled with the Priests to a Fort from whence he sent to beg the Governour 's assistance Both these places being in the Island Ceylon he sent thither D. George de Castro with six hundred Men. Madune scarce saw him when he raised the Siege he had laid to Cota where his Brother was The King of Cota and D. George followed him and he so fortified the Passes they were forced in some places to fight their way through showers of Bullets Stones and Arrows with some loss of Men and no small slaughter of the Enemy Being come in sight of the City Madune met them and there ensued a bloody Battle desperately fought on both sides At length Madune was obliged to â—…y to the Mountains and leave his Brother in possession of that great City singularly adorned by a Pagod of wonderful magnificence The Plunder was very considerable Madune implored his Brother's Mercy who had little reason to shew him any yet did and left him possessed of his Kingdom 9. D. George did not meet with the like success at Candea whither he went after this Victory The Enemy came unexpectedly upon him with Forty thousand Men in a narrow Pass whence he could not escape and killed Eight hundred of his Men half of them Portugueses He got away with more grief for this Loss than honour by the late Victory For it is certain we are more sensibly grieved at
intermedled not because they were both Subjects to Portugal in the end he of Cochim had the better Those of Cranganor committing some Outrages Iohn Pereyra chastized and reduced them 13. The Vice-Roy was now preparing to make War upon the King of Iafanatapan and Lord of the Island Manar because he persecuted the Christians and had usurped that Crown from his Brother who fled to Goa and was Baptized by the Name of Alfonso He Landed near the City Iafanapatan with 1200 Men forcing the Prince to retire who with 2000 opposed him The Portugeses entred at a large Street in which were some Pieces of Cannon which killed N. Sardina Ensign to Luis de Melo Iohn Pessoa took up the Colours and marched up to the Canon Luis de Melo and D. Philip de Meneses were both Wounded 14. The Vice Roy came on and six or seven Men were killed about him The Prince coming down another Street made some resistance but to no effect Night coming on the King retired to his Palace and not thinking himself safe there set fire to it and withdrew to a Fort a League off Thus the Vice-Roy was left possessed of that beautiful City He marched after the King who thinking that Fort too weak was fled farther off D. Constantin took possession of it and sent several parties to pursue the King the first of them Commanded by Luis de Melo the Achilles of those times They pursued him till he cried for Mercy and to purchase an Accommodation offered to restore the Treasure taken from Tribuls Pandar and his Mother-in-Law Wife to the King of Cota to pay an Acknowledgment to the Crown of Portugal and give up the Island Manar The Vice-Roy accepted the Conditions considering how difficult it was wholly to deprive him of that Crown and restore it to his Brother though he had never so much right 15. Fortune is as quick in over-turning as bestowing her Favours Whilst the Conditions were putting in execution the Natives falling upon the Portugueses who were secure in their Submission killed many The Vice-Roy escaped narrowly and got aboard the Fleet whence he sent D. Antony de Noronha with 400 Men to relieve the Fort where Ferdinand de Sousa was and had killed many of the Natives in defence of it They two being joyned made themselves way and marched to the Shoar carrying all that was in the Fort and killing all that opposed them The Vice-Roy thus succesful at first and afterwards unfortunate set Sail carrying with him the Prince given as an Hostage for performance of the Articles of Peace He sailed to the Island Manar where he built a Fort and translated thither the Inhabitants of Punicale to redeem them from the Tyranny of that Nayque who would fleece them Emanuel Rodriguez Coutinho was left to Command there and with him some Franciscans and Jesuits all satisfied with the equal distribution the Vice-Roy made of all things Then he sent Balthasar Guedez de Sousa to Command in chief in Ceylon and with him the King of Cota his Grandmother and Kindred whom the King of Iafanatapan had delivered to him being one of the Conditions of that unfortunate Treaty CHAP. XVI The End of the Government of the Vice-Roy D. Constantin 1. AMong the Treasure lately taken from the King of Iafanatapan was an Idol adored throughout all the Coast of Asia and so highly esteemed by all those Princes particularly the King of Pegu that he every year sent Embassadours with rich Presents to get a Print of it This so much worshipped Relick was nothing but a Tooth of a white Monkey Some say the rarity of the Colour was the cause of his being so much admired as the King of Siam's white Elephant Others affirm besides his Whiteness he came into such esteem by finding out the Wife of an ancient Indian King that was run away from him and had been sought for through all parts to no purpose the King loving her beyond expression The King in requital made much of the Beast while it lived and after its death erected Altars to it Others are of Opinion it was a Mans not a Monkeys Tooth and perhaps the Man had the same Employ as the Monkey for all was no better than Pimping a great step to Preferment with Princes However it was the King of Pegu hearing our Vice-Roy had the Tooth sent to offer him 300000 Ducats for it and it was not doubted his Zeal would extend to give a Million if the Bargain were well drove Most of the Portugueses were for taking the Mony and some wished they might be employed in carrying the Tooth to Pegu not doubting but they should gather a Treasure by shewing it by the way 2. The Vice-Roy doubtful whether he should accept or reject the Offer and to throw the blame of either Resolution from himself had a meeting of the Chief of the Clergy and Laity where the Question was discussed long and with much heat The Resolution was That the Tooth should not be sold but consumed to Asâ—…s The Vice-Roy accordingly in the presence of them all caused it to be beaten to dust in a Mortar and then burnt All men at that time seemed to applaud the Act but not long after two Teeth being set up instead of that one as shall be related in the Government of D. Antony de Noronha they as much condemned and railed at it 3. D. George de Meneses Baroche at this time did much in Ceylon in defence of the King of Cota against his Brother Madune D. George was hard to please because he loved to endure hardship he hearing one Morning in his Galley a Souldier asking an â—…on for Breakfast said to him What do you 〈◊〉 for Dainties There is no provision in this Store but Powder and Ball. A good Example for our Times when a Portugues lords half a Galleon with Hen-Coops and 〈◊〉 of Sweet-Meats 4. This Severity in D. George caused some Souldiers to desert to Cota he went to bring them back and at his return found that George de Melo his Lieutenant â—…d fallen upon the Enemy so successfullâ—… that he cut off a number of them Baroche envious of this Honour attacked them in another place and killed 200 and with the same heat run up a River after Madune till a Cannon Ball kilâ—…g 20 of his Seamen at once he retired a â—…e Then matching by Land after Raju 〈◊〉 Son who had above 3000 Men â—…h him put him to flight killing 150 without losing one Man The Enemy fortified himself in a convenient place and D. George going on to attack him was told there was no Powder then says he Load your Muskets with Sand. He advanced unfortunately for what with an Ambush and what with the assistance of the Elephants he lost above 70 Men. D. George was in danger of being killed by an Elephant had not Pâ—…dralvarez Freyre fortunately shot it He retired in such a Rage for this ill success that he bit the Sand perhaps because it had not
them and that in that of Coulam was the burying place of Sibila Indica by whose advice King Perimal of Ceylon went to the Coast of Mascate to meet the other two Kings that were going to adore Christ newly born at Bethlehem That the same King at the Intreaty of the Sibil brought her the Picture of the Blessed Virgin which was kept in the same Tomb. This was the Invention of the Relicts of that Heavenly Messenger in India And gave occasion to build the City at this time called S. Thomas a Portugues Colony in the Port of Paleacate seven Leagues from the Ruins of the most ancient Meliapor CHAP. VIII Continues the Government of D. Duarte de Meneses from the Year 1522 till the Year 1524 King John then reigning 1. ANtony de Miranda de Azevedo was this year Commander of the Fort of Pacem in the Island Sumatra On the Western Coast of this Island are six Moorish Kingdoms The chief was that of Pedir to which were subject those of Achem and Daga But falling to War that of Achem gained the Superiority He of Pedir took the protection of our Fort against his ill Fortune D. Andres Enriquez then commanded it sent to that Post from Portugal with D. Duarte de Meneses 2. The Tyrant of Achem scoured the Sea and Land with a great Power till coming to the City Pedir he endeavoured to draw to his snare the King who had taken the Portugues Protection To compass his Design he prevailed with the Men of that City to write a Letter to the King telling him he might safely come thither his Enemy being already expelled and that he might easily destroy him with the assistance of the Portuguses He gave credit to the letter desired the assistance of the Commander who gave him eighty Portugueses and two hundred Moors commanded by his Brother D. Emanuel in small Vessels of Oars The King marched along the Shore with above a thousand armed Elephants He was received at Pedir with feigned Joy and a Design to take him Prisoner that night which was deferred to secure the Portugueses The King being informed of the danger next day fled with two Elephants and some Men. The Portugueses were left on the Shore exposed to the Enemies Darts and Arrows D. Emanuel and thirty five of them were killed the rest fled With this loss D. Andres lost also the hopes of maintaining the Fort. He asked Provisions of Raphael Perestello who was at Charigam the chief Port of Bengala Dominick Seixas was immediately sent with a Ship who was stopped by thirty Portugueses who were turned Pirates in that Sea commanded by Games Iago Seixas landed at Tenacari to get Provisions and one Brito making himself Captain of the Pyrats Gago being dead and flying with a Vessel that was laden in the Port left Seixas and seventeen Portugueses ashore who were afterwards Slaves in the Kingdom of Siam Such is the Fate of those who trust them that have violated all human and divine Laws 3. D. Andres advertised the Governor of the Condition he was in desiring a Successor to command the Fort Lope de Azevedo was sent to whom he would not deliver the Post through Covetousness of acquiring more having already gained much there Azevedo returned to India The King of Achem over-runs all that Country with Fire and Sword enters the City Pacem with fifteen thousand Men and summons D. Andres to quit the Fort. He after sustaining three Assaults to save the Riches he had there withdraws leaving the Command to his Brother-in law Ayres Coello who couragiously took upon him this danger he saw the other shun But the Sea forced back D. Andres to the danger he avoided 4. D. Andres sailing for India met Sebastian de Sousa and Martin Correa with two Ships bound for the Island Banda to load Spices Sousa came from Madagascar whither he was sent by King Emanuel to build a Fort in Port Matatane which was not executed because the Ship wherein were the Materials for the Work was cast away These two Captains hearing by D. Andres the Condition of Pacem went directly to that Port. Ayres Coello had then stood a furious Assault with loss of a Post. The Enemy seeing this Relief abated of their heat and D. Andres after eight days resisting was forced back by the Weather Above eight thousand Enemies one night encompassed the Fort in which were three hundred and fifty Portugueses some sick some wounded and all spent with labour and watching With great silence they applied above seven hundred scaling Ladders and mounted with great Shouts The Dispute was hotly maintained on both sides till some Ships being fired gave light to each other and to level our Cannon which killed many of the Enemy and two Elephants The morning discovered two thousand Men slain about the Fort on our side only one Woman killed by an Arrow in her Chamber The remaining six thousand retired leaving half their scaling Ladders and Fire-works Nevertheless the Difficulties of maintaining the place considered it was resolved in counsel to abandon the Fort shipping all the Men and Goods and then giving fire to the rest The great Cannon were left full of Powder that when the Fire reached them they might burst Most of the Fort was destroyed but the Enemy coming in saved some Cannon which afterwards did us great harm The Portugueses lost some Goods in shipping and embarqued up to the Necks in Water with the Fright losing more Reputation by this Action than they had gained by the former This they were more sensible of when they met at Sea a more powerful Relief sent by our Friend the King of Aru who marched by Land with four thousand Men and Lope de Azevedo from whom D. Andres ill deserved it embarqued at Malaca with Ammunition to come to his Succour Sebastian Sousa prosecuted his Voyage to Banda and the Tyrant Achem followed the Fortune which had raised him above his own Hopes 5. At this time Martin Alfonso de Melo Coutino was gone for China not knowing what had been done by the Portugueses at Quantung He had four Ships and two joined them by the way They sent ashore for fresh Water and returned with Blood the Chineses being in Arms to receive them This drew them to a Battel in which most of the Portugueses perished some drowned some torn by the Cannon and some taken part whereof died miserably in the Prison at Quantung and twenty three were cut in peices as Spies and Robbers the last part of the Accusation being the truest Martin Alphonso and Duarte Coello returned to India 6. All things cannot be exactly related in order as they happened Malaca was streightned by the King of Bintam who sent a greater power against it and George de Albuquerque what he could against him under the Command of D. Sancho Enriquez whilst they prepared for a Sea-Fight there arose a violent storm which destroyed seventy Portugueses the whole being two hundred the Remainder escaped Let us
Vessels full of Turks with good Cannon his Nephew marched by Land with three thousand Horse He planted himself on the side of Arabià opposite to where he of Gizaira was posted with twelve hundred Men. By order of the King of Baçora Sousa writ to his Enemy telling him He was sent by the Commander of Ormuz to make peace between them or to stand to the Event of War The King of Gizaira answered That being the first Request of the Captain of Ormuz and he the first Portuguese that had come to those parts he granted all 14. The King of Gizaira sent persons with power to treat and Peacâ—…â—…as concluded to the satisfaction of him of Baçora who seeing all safe refused to perform what he had promised Sousa which was to deliver up the seven Turkish Vessels and not admit them into this Kingdom again as being our Enemies Sousa embarqued took one of his great Barques and landing with thirty six Portugueses burnt a Town of three hundred Houses Another tho not so big he fired on the Persian side He again appeared before Baçora but wanting Provisions returned to Ormuz 15. Nuno de Cuna to reward Sousa gave him the Command of that Sea sending him at the King's Request to the Island Baharem to secure Raez Barbadim who was revolted But he having good intelligence baffled the Contrivance and obliged Nuno de Cuna to send his Brother Simon with eight Vessels and four hundred Men besides some of the Natives in their Barques They set out 16. Mean while Nuno de Cuna prepared to go for India He arrived at Goa the latter end of October where were before him four Ships come from Portugal the most fortunately that any had done yet for of above fifteen hundred Men they brought none died but our Captain and they came all in perfect health Nuno made a very solemn Entry into the City There were at this time ready almost one hundred and forty Vessels provided by the care of Lope Vaz many considerable as six Gallions eight Royal Gallies six Caravels and fourteen Galliots all well stored with Arms and Ammunition The Forts were also well provided For tho Lope Vaz usurped the Government he managed it better than many that were named for it The Governor's presence was required at Cochin for the Dispatch of the homeward bound trading Ships and other Affairs 17. Whilst he sailed to Cochin Simon de Cuna came to Baharem with his Ships and joining Belchior de Sousa landed He battered the Fort three days and lost it for want of Powder for whilst he sent for more to Ormuz his Men so sickened that above one hundred Portugueses died and many were in danger and the very Persians used to that Clime were in no better Condition With this loss he drew off This seemed an effect of Divine Justice for Barbadim offered to deliver up the Fort upon condition he might go away in safety but our Gentlemen would not hearken to him fearing to lose the Booty 18. Simon de Seusa found no less a Pestilence had raged among his Seamen Thus they set sail but being becalmed not far from Ormuz many of the sick died and among them some persons of good Note and Simon de Cuna himself A great Grief to his Brother Nuno who had already lost his other Brother at Monbaça CHAP. IV. Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1529 in the Reign of King John the Third 1. NUno de Cuna sailing to Cochin put in at Cananor and the King sent to welcome him Cuna excused himself that he did not go ashore to see him by reason of his haste and the King for not going aboard the Gallion because he was indisposed After these Complements came the Guazil a great Friend of the Portugueses and to gain the favour of Cuna as of other Governors privately offered him a Collar which he refused to receive Don Iohn de Deca at that time had the Command of the Fort he visiting the Governor aboard brought him a Message from Lope Vaz then there desiring him to come ashore and he would there resign the Government to him Nuno sent to desire him to come and resign aboard He came and the Resignation was performed with the usual Solemnities As he was in the Vessel ready to return he was ordered by Cuna to bear him company to Cochin Then the Governor made Proclamation That any who had been wronged by Lope Vaz should repair to him and he would do them Justice This troubled Lope Vaz and he sent him word That those were rather Libels than Proclamations for no Man that had cause of Complaint against him needed to be stirred up by sound of Trumpet At Cochin Nuno ordered Lope Vaz to be imprisoned and an Inventory of all his Goods to be taken and all deposited in safe Hands to be delivered at Lisbon as the King should direct Lope Vaz said to the Officer that took him Tell Nuno de Cuna that I imprisoned he imprisons me and one will come who will imprison him Nuno being told it said I doubt not but I shall be imprisoned but the difference between us will be that Lope Vaz deserves it and I shall not Neither was he deceived for he had been close laid up in Portugal had he not died at Sea we shall see it at the end of his Government Lope Vaz was less afflicted for his Confinement than the insolent Reproaches of the Rabble that the worst Ship was allotted him to imbarque only two Servants allowed him and barely so much of his own as would maintain him the Voyage An unjust proceeding with a Man of his Worth whose person ought not to be indecently used whilst his Crimes were inquired into 2. Nuno de Cuna found nothing in readiness at Cohin of what he ordered from Melinde should be provided to make war upon Diu which was the principal point of his Instructions Perceiving the year was too far gone for that Undertaking he applyed himself to other Affairs and fitted a Fleet of thirty Sail to scour the Coast of Malabar under the Command of Iames de Silveyra who commanded the four came last from Portugal Antony de Silveyra Meneses had a Squadron to cruise in the Sea of Cambaya And Hector de Silveyra another for the Red Sea Whilst these Commanders sailed on the Coasts assigned them our homeward bound Fleet arrived at the Terceras Islands where an Officer was waiting to put Lope Vaz into Irons Loaded with them he landed at Lisbon and was set upon a Mule on which he was carried accompanied by the rude Rabble up to the Castle and put into a Dungeon wâ—…h Orders that not even his Wife should be permitted to see him He was accompanied in this miserable state by Raez Xarafo Guazil of Ormuz brought by Emanuel de Macedo After two years Lope Vaz his Crimes began to be taken into consideration and examined the King having ordered him to be prosecuted with the utmost rigor The principal
Article against him was his unjust Proceeding with Peter de Mascarenas The Duke of Braganca pityng the Misfortunes of this brave Gentleman prevailed with the King to give him a hearing in Council Accordingly his Majesty being seated in Council with all his Judges about him Lope Vaz was brought in venerable for his person his Face covered with a thick and longe white Beard and with such tokens of the Miseries he had endured in almost three years imprisonment reckoning from India that had Peter Mascarenas or any of his Enemies seen him they might think themselves sufficiently revenged of all the Extravagancies he had been guilty of towards them Being placed at the Bar as a Criminal after the King's leave obtained he with an undaunted Constancy made a learned comprehensive and copious Speech In which after running over his Forefathers Services to the Crown he particularized his own from his infancy till that time reflected upon his Sufferings and Wrong done him since Imprisoned and in general to several other brave Governors his Predecessors exposed the Malice of his Accusers justified his own Proceedings illustrated by Examples how others guilty of greater Crimes than he was accused of were pardoned in respect of their Services then made a parallel between them and his Sufferings and concluded throwing himself upon either his Majesties Justice or Mercy from one of which he hoped such a Discharge that he might have more cause to return thanks for the future than he had till then to lament his hard Usage The King having heared with attention examined him upon every Article of his Impeachment and he answered to each The Articles were in all forty three the principal as was said such as related to Peter Mascarenas the others such as would never have been thought of had not those brought them in to fill up the number In fine he was carried back to the Castle whence he sent his Defence as is usual in such Cases and in conclusion was sentenced to lose all his Allowance as Governor and to pay to Peter Mascarenas ten thousand Ducats which confirmed the latter not him to have been the real Governor and justified those who had obeyed them as such He was also banished into Africk But he resenting this hard Fortune resolved to change his Country and his Prince as the famous Ferdinand Magallanes had done before And getting into Spain he unnaturalized himself and from Badajoz writ a Letter to the King affirming his usage had been highly unjust and that he was resolved to try whether changing his Country he could change Fortune and restore his Honor This had such effect that he was restored to his Country Alfonso Mexia being likewise brought prisoner to Portugal had the same success he was also accused of Crimes committed at Ormuz the Commander of which Fort Iames de Melo was under the same Circumstances Let us now return to India 3. Iames Silveyra on the Coast of Calicut carried so heavy a Hand upon those People that their King was obliged to send Embassadors to Nuno de Cuna desiring Peace He granted upon such Conditions as they deserved who had never kept any They were willing to accept part but rejected the rest so Silveyra reduced them to extreme Famine hindering the Importation of Provisions They received some Relief from Cananor and Simon de Sousa being forced upon that Shoar after valiantly repulsing the Moors his Powder took fire and blew up the Brigantine 4. Melique Saca being expelled Diu found it convenient for the compassing his Ends with the King of Cambaya to use those Artifices with Nuno de â—…una he had done with Hector de Silveyra when he offered to deliver up that City to him He writ to Nuno that tho he could not deliver Diu at least he could assist him in the taking of it to this end it was convenient they should have a meeting and in order thereunto he might send him a Pass and Ships for himself and Retinue commanded by Gaspar Paez whom he had known at Diu. The Governor granted all and he made use of it to be restored to the King of Cambaya's Favour receiving and putting off Gaspar Paez with Subleties and Impudence pretending the Pass was not securely worded and the Ships were too few Paez told him he had by the way with those Vessels taken a great Ship and put to flight fourteen Barques in the River Pormeane and that he might go with all safety But no Reason is of force against Craft and Falshood 5. Gaspar Paez would have taken some Revenge but could only burn nine Barques The Governor enraged hereat suddenly began to make such Preparations against Diu as should not easily be disappointed He had not yet seen the King of Cochin who was sick of the Small Pox. Nuno being less fearful of the Infection than the King who sent him word That he did not desire to see him for fear he might catch the Disease tho he believed his fight would cure him Nuno went to visit him and it was much he was received for those Princes suffer not themselves to be seen in any Sickness The whole Conference contained nothing but Complaints of Injuries done by Lope Vaz and Alfonso Mexia Nuno left him well satisfied with his Courtesie so that he began to look upon himself as a King having till then been treated as a Slave and found himself better in health 6. It was requisite Nuno de Cuna should now go to Goa At Chale he visited the King and gave him content About Mid February he came to Cananor and saw that King whom he much obliged by conforming to his own Ceremonies at the Interview This Prince offered him some Jewels which he fearing to affront him received but delivered to the Officers of the Revenue as belonging to the King 7. He ordered Iames de Silveyra to punish a rich Merchant of Mangalor who did great wrong to the Portugueses He scoured the Rivers along that Coast with sixteen Ships and four hundred and fifty Men. Then entered the River Mangalor on whose Banks is the Town of that Name belonging to the King of Narsinga our Friend but that Merchant favoured Calicut our Enemy This Merchant knowing the Design was against him was well fortified Iames Silveyra chose the lesser Vessels with two hundred and forty Men to go up the River who were met by a great Squadron which after some contest was put to flight The Town was immediately entred all the Defendants quitting it Iames Silveyra then turned to the Fort and after some resistance took it The Merchant fled in despair but was overtaken and killed by a Musquet Ball. Those who fled sought refuge in the River and our Swords there made it run bloody Nothing was taken but some Cannon for Booty being very great the Captain caused it all to be burnt lest he might endanger his Ships by over-loading them There were also burnt thirteen Vessels that waited for loading Winter coming on he thought so
appoint that a Bulwark upon the Sea should immediately be delivered to him that they should not meddle with the King's Revenues at Diu c. Immediately a Iew and an Armenian were sent to Portugal with this News to the King and to the Governor at Goa Iames de Mesquita one of the Portugueses who served Badur at the Siege of Chitor that King desiring that Nuno de Cuna would instantly come to Diu. 13. Whilst these things were in agitation seven Ships arrived from Portugal with Men and great Riches They came to Goa before the first advice reached the Governor and before the second could come he was under sail with a resolution to accept the Offer of Badur The King received him with much honor and demonstration of Joy After the first Visits he desired him to send some Men to recover the Fort of Vivarcne taken by the Mogols upon the River Indus and some Relief to the City Baroche Vasco Perez de Sampayo was sent to the first with two hundred and fifty Portugueses in twelve Barques To the latter Enterprize went Emanuel de Macedo who returned to Diu without doing any thing the Inhabitants having quitted the place which was too big for his small number to maintain 14. About this time there was one Iames Botello in these parts who was in disgrace with King Iohn because it was said he designed to go for France being skillfâ—… in the Affairs of India The Favour of Princes is generally recovered either by something very inconsiderable or else by some Action that seems impossible Botello resolved upon the latter He knew how earnestly the King desired the raising the Fort at Diu scarce was it granted when he getting the Draught of it and a Copy of the Capitulation committed himself to the vast Ocean that is between Spain and India in a Barque that was but sixteen Foot and half in length nine Foot broad and four Foot and a half deep He set ouâ—… privately with his own Slaves three Portugueses and two others saying he went to Cambaya Being out at Sea he discovered his Design they were all astonished but overcome by fair Words and Promises Till finding they were reduced to unspeakable Miseries the Slaves agreed to kill him and killed a Servant which occasioned all the Slaves who were Sailers to be slain Without Seamen or Pilot he held his Course and to the admiration of all Men arrived at Lisbon where the Barque was immediately burnt that no Body might see it was possible to perform that Voyage in so small a Vessel The King was greatly pleased with the News and Iames Botello restored to the Royal Favour without any other Reward for this prodigious Action 15. Nuno de Cuna began the Work with diligence and a great number of Hands being himself the first that laboured at the Foundation which was done with Sound of Trumpets Fifes Drums Noise of Cannon and Shouts The Work was soon finished and the Command of the Fort given to Emanuel de Sousa with nine hundred Portugueses and sixty Pieces of great Cannon Badur already reaped the Benefit of this Concession for Nizamaluco at the instance of Nuno de Cuna not only made peace with but assisted him against his Enemy Vasco Perez had recovered Varivene and King Omaum hearing Nuno de Cuna was at Diu despaired of taking that 〈◊〉 and employed his Arms against other places 16. Badur pleased with this success desired to view in person how much of his Kingdom was yet left him This he communicated to Nuno de Cuna desiring a number of Portugueses might go with him and particularly Martin Alfonso de Sousa Nuno approved his Resolution and gave him five hundred Men whereof fifty were of Note Now Cuna fearing Omaum would fall upon Baçaim sent to its Relief Garcia de Sa with four hundred Portugueses He seeing a mighty Army threaten that City resolved to quit it to the terror of all the Inhabitants and with miserable Cries of Women and Children Antony Galvam considering the loss of the Portugues Reputation persuaded him with strong Reasons to alter his Resolution Sa began to fortifie the place and the Mogol knowing thâ—…r Resolution drew off This Retreat of the Mogols encouraged Mirao Muhmold Nephew to Badur who was upon the Frontier of Nizamaluco to recover many places taken by the Mogols which brought fresh Hopes to Badur of regaining his Crown 17. Badur being thus prosperous with the assistance of the Portugueses only and repenting he had given leave to raise the Fort would build a Wall between it and the City covering the Design he had thereby of gaining the Fort with the pretence of parting the Portugueses and Gurarates whose too free Communication caused Divisions There was some bickering between the King and Nuno about it till the King desisted Nuno de Cuna went to Baçaim and began the Fort there giving the honor of laying the first stone to Antony Galvam in reward of his resolution in defence of it Garcia de Sa was left to carry on the Work and Nuno returned to Goa 18. Let us return to Malaca and Maluco whence the course of the Occurrences in India drew us During the Government of Lope Vaz de Sampayo the King of Achem had caused to be killed Simon de Sousa and others bound for Maluco and taken others prisoners He feigned to be sorry for that Action and sent three of the Prisoners to Peter de Faria then commanding the first time at Malaca offering Peace and desiring him to send persons fit to treat of it and he would deliver to them Sousa his Galley and the other Prisoners This was much for the ease of Malaca and therefore Peter de Faria sent presently a Vessel with some Portugueses who were all killed by that Tyrants Order before they came to him Six months after Garcia de Sa then commanding the King writ a Letter to him saying He wondered no Body was sent to treat of Peace believing by reason of the Secresie used in murdering the others it was not known and at the same time caused the Prisoners he had whom to compass his wicked ends he treated kindly to write to the Commander about it Sa presently sent a Gallion well provided with Men and Cannon commanded by Emanuel Pacheco who suffered himself to be circumvented by the King's Barques and he with most of the Men were slain the Gallion was carried for the King to see who then caused the rest of the men and the prisoners he made much of to be killed Then he joined with the King of Aru and all this to the intent to gain Malaca having intelligence with Sinaya Raja a considerable Moor who lived in that City The Correspondence being discovered by some drunken Achemes produced the publick safety and death of Sinaya who was thrown headlong from a Tower by Garcia de Sa his order 15. The year 1530 Gonçalo Pereyra set out from Malaca for Maluco and in pursuance to the Governor's Order by the way
Men were in expectation of the Effect of those great Preparations when on the first of September there appeared at a great distance several Sail that seemed to be of bulk It was concluded they were Hollanders Our Governor hearing of it run down to the Shore and in a few hours made ready some Ships and Galliots saying Now shall they see how Andrew Furtado with these light Vessels boards their three Deck Ships The time is come 4. Just as he came out to order Affairs so without returning to Court was he going aboard without calling any Body but this his Resolution being known there soon flocked to him as many Men as there was occasion for So it happened to King Emanucl whom he now seemed to imitate who hearing the danger Arzila was in set out Post and without beating Drum by that his speed presently raised a great Army But as the Governor was spreading Sail advice was brought that they were no Enemies but Ships from Portugal that brought a new viceroy 5. This was Ruy Lorenço de Tavora who sailed from Lisbon at the end of October with four Galleons and a Caravel and had Wintered in the Island of Ibo Those who came received a double satisfaction one in their safe arrival the other in seeing that Port of Goa covered with such a number of Ships as represented the past more happy times 6. Many were sorry Furtado was so soon deprived of that Government for the great hopes they had conceived of his good Fortune and Heaven seemed to favour his continuance by the Death of the Count de Feyra who was going to that Command 7. Even the Viceroy that went to succeed him was troubled for seeing that Bay full of many so Ships and in such Order he asked Who governed India and being told that Andrew Furtado he replied I thought so for the greatness of this Work assured me it could have no other Author I am sorry I came now to India to take this Command because it is a hindrance to the great Actions might be expected from such a Governor 8. Since this untimely arrival of the Viceroy has cut off what might be expected from Furtado's Government let us Epitomize what he acted under others At 16 Years of Age he was in Africk when the unfortunate King Sebastian went over thither Then passed over into India and having performed some Military Exploits had the Command of ten Ships with which he relieved the Fort of Braçalor besieged by King Sincarnoboro He not only raised the Siege but reduced the King to become Tributary to Portugal then falling upon those that had combined with him destroyed their Countries with Fire and Sword and took one of the chiefest with all his Vessels putting all the Men to the Sword He took several Ships of Meca defeated the great General Cotimuza destroyed another Fleet at Manar taking many Ships slew the King of Iafanapatan that was in Rebellion ruined a Fleet of Malabars that did us great harm on those Seas raised the Siege Raju had laid to Columbo levelled the Formidable Fort of Cunnale bringing him and his Nephew Prisoners to Goa drove the Hollanders from Amboyna and Sunda reduced the Rosatelo's then in Rebellion gained many strong holds in the Islands of Ito Nao and Veranula and being Commander of Malaca held out a Siege of four Months against the Hollanders and 11 neighbouring Kings 9. It was great to overcome so many Enemies but far greater to conquer himself In the dead of Night a Woman got into his Apartment offering him her Daughter moved thereto by extream want After a severe Reprimand he charges her to marry the Daughter and gives her a Purse of Money with assurance he would make up the Portion 10. All these great Actions he had performed at the Age of 45 besides many more which in another had been considerable but not of Note to him He was as to his Quality of the best of Portugal Having governed three Months he Embarqued for Portugal died by the way of the Jaundice and lies in the Church of our Lady of Grace in Lisbon Of Stature he was somewhat tall his Complexion tawny of Body lean and was the 40th Governor and 2d of the Sirname CHAP. X. The Government of the Vice-Roy Ruy Lorenço de Tavora from the Year 1609 till 1612. 1. SCarce was Ruy Lorrenço de Tavora setled in the Government when there came in 5 Ships from Portugal which with the same number that carried him made 10 and consequently a great number of Men that went in them 2. About the beginning of the Year were set out the usual Squadrons but more numerous and better manned than usual by reason of the great Preparations before spoke of and the Men that came newly At the same time came from Lisbon 3 Ships for India 3. The greatest Action at this time was in Ceylon where D. Hierome de Azevedo who had that Command went on with the usual Success that always attended him in that Post. He marched with 700 Portugueses and 25000 Lascarines that is Chingala Soldiers to assault the City Candea and finding by the way the Fort of Balane abandoned left Antony de Costa Monteyro in it with two Companies Then advancing to the River of Candea and finding it well fortified nevertheless he attempted to pass it receiving the Enemy's Fire which for some time did no Execution Yet our Men gave way till F. Gaspar de la Madalena a Franciscan ran into the River holding up a Crucifix and encouraging them whereupon they charged and drove the Enemy from their Works who fled to the Mountains abandoning the City which was burnt and such as could be overtaken slain 4. This Success so thoroughly reconciled the King of Candea to us that he admitted the Conversation of the Franciscans and put his two Sons into their Hands to be bred Christians Thus the Peace was concluded and he writ to our King Philip to Compliment him upon his accession to the Crown testifying the great Affection he bore him and desiring to be esteemed among the Princes of Asia as one that most desired his Correspondence 5. The Moor Abdala Carima Tanadar of Nizamaluco who besides his natural hatred to the Portugueses was malicious on account that he had lost half a hand by them disturbed the Peace at Chaul His Pretence was receiving his Prince's Revenue wherein he proceeded with much Insolence and we on our part bore much rather than break into open War 6. Our Commander D. Francis Rolim complained to Nizamaluco who answered with Threats that he would fit out a Fleet and that the Hollanders were already in that Sea To be as good as his Word he set out 30 Paraos which robbed all that came in their way belonging to the Portugueses The Tanadar being thus backed hearing that George Henrique was gone out to a Wood he killed him and took his Wife and two Daughters 7. The People of Chaul pressed the Commander to commence the War
and their Doctrine and in the Year 1638 gave them 2000 Taes or Crowns to buy a House and Land He also granted them what was more than they could have wished to put over their Door this Inscription I the King Approve of and Protect the Science of Heaven 16. In fine there are now in China this Year 1640. above 100000 Catholicks and among them many Nobles Mandarines some Bonzos and Eunuchs Of Mandarines and Colao's the most admirable were 3 or 4 Pauls one Michael one Ignatius one Leo and one Stephen who were not only Converted but Preached the Faith with great Elegancy and much Profit The great Colao Paul herein surpassed all others 17. The Jesuits at this time in China have twelve principal Residences in the chief Provinces and capital Cities under these above 500 private Oratories with hundreds of Christians belonging to each They have also gained good footing about the Neighbouring Countries as in Tomking Cochinchina Cambodia Laos and other Kingdoms In these last Countries between 10 and 15000 Souls are converted every Year 18. The King of China himself casts down Idols and orders the Prince his Son to fall down before the Images of Iesus and Mary The Queen in her Apartment gives ear to what the converted Eunuchs say concerning our Religion Mass is often celebrated in the Palace and there is great hope of the King whose Piety and Zeal have inclined him to respect the Divine Law insomuch that our Religious have been joyed upon his Conversion 19. What wonderful Accidents have happened and Miracles been wrought in the Conversion of those Christians are set down in sundry particular Relations and in the History of China and are not so proper for this which is only a profane History Besides that being miraculous to some Readers they will appear as Fictions those who are curious may see them in the aforesaid History and Relations Having given the substance of what was writ on a Stone found in China at the end of the Second Volume it will be needless to repeat the whole which is long and is no more than the same thing in many more Words What has been said relating to China in these two Volumes may deserve the Credit of all Men as being the Observations of the Curious as well as Learned and Pious F. Alvaro Semmedo who spent 22 years Preaching and Teaching in that Country The End of the Second Part. THE PORTUGUES ASIA TOM III. PART III. CHAP. I. The Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo from the Year 1612 till 1617. 1. AT the end of last Year came to India the King's Orders for D. Hierome de Azevedo to succeed Ruy Lorenço de Tavora as Viceroy This Gentleman had purchased a great Name by many Years service and chiefly by 18 spent in Ceylon a Thing rare for one who had also gathered great Riches Not that Riches make a Man incapable of a good Name but because commonly the means of acquiring them contribute much to stain it The Fame of his Substance contributed as much as that of his Valour tâ—… his Promotion to this Employment it being thought that he who had so much would be less guilty of those Crimes that proceed from Avarice whereas Experience teaches that those who have most covet most But D. Hierome had offered to accept of that Post without the usual Salary yet afterwards he received it making that a Crime by breaking his Promise which had been none if not offered 2. On Christmas Eve Ruy Lorenço de Tavora delivered him the Sword and the first thing he did was to forbid the payment of Debts contracted by his Predecessor who resolved not to depart India till the payment of them was secured as well for his own Reputation as in respect no Viceroy for the future would be able to get any Money advanced upon the urgent Necessities of the State if that ill Precedent was given and his Debts were all on the account of the Publick At length it was concluded they should be paid as Tavora had ordered The next Action of the Viceroy was to dispatch Danisbeque Sedesable Embassador from Abas the Xa or King of Persia who falsly courted the Friendship of all those Princes he designed to spoil promising each great Advantages and stirring them up one against the other Thus he Treated with King Philip in Spain and King Iames in England which he found most suitable to his Designs Thus he had taken the Island Baharem and strove to possess himself of Ormuz 3. Danisbeque was returned from Spain with the Answer of his Embassy and besides what the King had given him in return for a Present of Silks he carried the Viceroy had Orders to add something at his discretion He added the value of 12000 Crowns in Spice which in Persia was worth much more and having nobly entertained him sent away with him D. F. Antony de Gouvea Bishop of Sirene who also came from Spain and went to propogate Christianity which had but a slender beginning there The Bishop went no farther than Ormuz for the Persians being already ill-affected towards him he feared it would be worse when the Embassador had delivered his Answer So it happened for the King finding the Embassador brought not the Return he expected caused him to be killed and obliged 6000 Armenians to renounce the Faith 4. The Viceroy as well versed in the Affairs of Ceylon gave the necessary Orders for its preservation recommending the putting them in execution to Antony Vaz Feyre Surveyor of the Revenue in that Island Antony Pinto de Fonseca who had served well in Flanders and was now Visitor of the Forts in India with the Viceroy's Leave went to perform the Duties of his Employ D. Henry de Noronna being confirmed in the Command of the Coast of Malabar given him by Ruy Lorenço united the Kings of Vanguel Sierra and Carnate against Ventapanaique on pretence of their safety whereas indeed it was to secure our selves against him in whose Dominions we held Braçalor and Onor 5. This done D. Henry steered for the Coast of Malabar with 28 Sail. Andrew Coello was sent by the late Governour with 3 Ships to relieve Palicate and Siriam and being now driven by stress of Weather to Columbo they were beaten to pieces on that Coast but the Men saved 6. When D. Hierome came from Ceylon to be Viceroy he gave the supream Command there to Fran. Rojo a Man of unknown Birth but noted Valour and by his Courage had attained to the greatest Preferments It was since found that he was of the Family of Meneses as being Son to D. Iames Count de Ericeyra and Grandson to D. Henry de Meneses who was Governour of India 7. This D. Francis de Meneses Rojo being General in that Island and understanding the King of Candea lay before the Fort of Balane and the Commander Emanuel Falcam was in some â—…anger he instantly set out with a very small number spreading his Orders for
to flight Francis Tavares who carried Lope Sarmiento's Colours stripped and wrapped them about his Arm charging the Enemies with the Spear till being thrown down he lay upon the Colours so that they could not be taken from him but the Portugueses coming into his assistance he rose and tho' the Blood run from him fell in again among the Moors 17. During all this time the Moors shewed such respect to the Christian Churches as may well confound Christians themselves The Portugueses made use of two Churches dedicated to our B. Lady putting 50 Men into each and tho' thence they annoyed the Enemy yet the Moors never made one shot at them because some of them had there recovered their Health making Vows which they punctually paid CHAP. II. Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo in the Year 1613. 1. IT was the fate of the Fort of Mombaça to have insolent Commanders Emanuel de Melo Pereyra herein exceeded many of his Predecessors treating the King Sultan Hazen with unexpressible disrespect The chief Promoter of the Disagreement betwixt Melo and the King was his Unkle Munganaje an old Man who pretending much Zeal for our Affairs aimed at the Crown He vented his Malice one day by giving out in the Fort the King designed to kill them all 2. Melo resolved to attack the King's House but he being sensible how fruitless any excuses would be fled with the Christian Colours to the Town Quolifi of the Cafres seven Leagues distant That People pressed him to reinthrone himself by force but he several times withstood their Importunities 3. At length not able to prevail upon him they marched without him and entred the Town of the Moors but they were all retir'd into our Fort. The Cafres not thinking good to assault the Fort were upon their return when Emanuel de Melo who observed them pursuing and falling suddenly on them cut off the best Part. A few days after the King returned to his House and having excused himself to our Commander thought he was satisfied but he only dissembled his Malice as shall appear hereafter 4. Our Fortune in Pegn now declined with the same swiftness it had rise and it was just a wicked encrease should have a sudden detriment The violence committed by Philip de Brito Nicote on the King of Tangn provoked the Anger of the King of Ova under whose Protection he was Scarce had he heard the News when casting on the Ground his Gown and Veil he vowed to the Idol Biay of Degu he would not enter within his Gates till this Quarrel was revenged He marched with 120000 Men having put to Sea 400 Vessels of considerable strength in which were above 6000 of those Moors of noted Valour called de Caperuça or that wear Caps All that was without the Walls of Siriam he burnt but met with vigorous opposition at that Place notwithstanding Nicote was quite unprovided having suffered most of his Men to go for India and being scarce of Powder as who had fired the vast quantity of it found at Tangu In this distress he sent a Soldier to buy Powder at Bengala and he run away with the Money and having sent for some to the Town of St. Thomas they sent him none Besides those few Portugueses that were with him committed such Outrages Robberies and Murders as seemed to hasten his Ruine 5. For want of Powder there was no firing of Cannon they poured boiling Pitch and Oil upon the Enemy His number of Men might suffice having 100 Portugueses and 3000 Pegues Nicote sends out three Ships against the Fleet in one of them all the Men were slain the two retired with all theirs wounded The Enemy began to undermine the Works and the Besieged laboured much but to small purpose After the Siege had lasted 34 Days Nicote sent to beg Mercy but was not heard He thought to prevail by the means of the King of Tangu whom he had robbed of his Crown Riches and Liberty but the King of Ova understood and was resolved to punish him 6. The King of Arraçam whom he had so grievously offended sent 50 Sail to his Assistance which were all taken by the Besiegers The King of Ova gives an assault and they fought three days without intermission the end of it was that 700 of the Besieged were slain one Banna whom Nicote had always honoured having betrayed him Nicote was taken carried to the King and by him ordered to be impaled and set up in an Eminence above the Fort that he might the better look to it as the King said He lived two Days in that misery His Wife De Luisa de Saldanna was kept 3 Days in the River to be cleansed because the King designed her for himself but being brought before and exclaiming against him he ordered her Leg to be bored and that she should be sent to Ova among the other Slaves 7. Francis-Mendez and a Nephew of his were treated as Nicote Banna demanding a Reward was soon torn to pieces the King saying He could never be true to him that betrayed the Man who so much had honoured him Sebastian Rodriguez was cooped up with a Yoke about his Neck At first the King designed not to spare any of the Inhabitants of that Place but growing calm he sent many Slaves to Ova Then passing by Martavam he obliged that King to kill his own Daughter's Husband because he was Nicote's Son that none of the Race might remain This was the end of that Man's Avarice who being naked a few years before was raised to be worth 3 Millions he had one when he went to Goa brought another from Tangu and had got at least another since by Prizes and Trade The Enemy confessed they lost at that Siege 30000 Men. 8. But that it may appear that seldom any great Calamity happens without the help of a Woman it is necessary to show how Nicote's Wife was one of the Principal Causes of his Ruin She entertained one of his Captains as her Gallant and perceiving the Portugueses censured their familiarity they perswaded Nicote he had no need of them which was the reason they were dismissed and that the cause of his Ruine 9. Our Viceroy understanding the danger of Siriam and thinking to relieve it in time sent thither Iames de Mendoça Furtado with 5 Galliots He had orders to act something by the way and endeavour to strengthen himself by the addition of some other Ships and Men which he effected not till he came to Martavam where in the River he found a Fleet of 20 Sail which after a sharp Engagement fled except 4 that were taken with some Men from whom he heard what had happened at Siriam so that there was no need to go farther 10. Nor long before this set out from Goa for China Iohn Cayado de Gamboa with 3 Galleons and was to join Michael de Sousa Pimentel who was there with 4 others to secure our China Trade against the Hollanders who
made towards the Enemy who not regarding them stood in for Malaca Our Galleons being ill manned because many of the Men were fled to the Woods it was found expedient to take those out of the Galliots who were of try'd Valour Thus they prepared for Battel which the Enemy accepted drawn up in the form of a half Moon This happened on a Sunday in the Afternoon about the middle of November 7. The Admiral and D. Iohn de Silveyra's Galleons were boarded Ant. Rodrigues de Gamboa with his Galliot came to assist Silveyra his Brother-in-Law but the Galliot taking fire fired the Galleon and both perished There were 50 Men in them 20 of them died and the other 30 were taken The Admiral Miranda was three times boarded and tho' he had but few Men still cleared the Decks killing numbers of the Enemy and sinking some of their Galleys Ships were fired on both sides and the labour to quench them was great especially on our side The fight lasted till midnight the flaming Ships and other fires lighted of purpose by the King affording them light 8. In fine the Admiral 's Galleon during this time was attacked by the whole Fleet 14 times fired 18 and as often quenched Men wrapped in wet Blankets rowling themselves in the fire Miranda being struck down by a great Splinter a Soldier cried out he was killed but he instantly arose saying I am not dead here I am alive fight couragiously my brave Lions for Heaven promises us a glorious Victory The 3 Galleons were in a Line at about a Musket shot distance from each other and for want of Wind the 2 could not come up to succour the Admiral against whom the Enemy bent all his Force Could they have come up the Enemy had been utterly ruined for they were so disabled that they retired towards Bancales 9. Day appearing and the Enemy gone our Galleons thought to pursue them but could not Their Loss was computed to 20000 Men and 50 Sail of all Sorts Iames de Mendoça Silva being upon discovery with his small Vessels found the King had sent out his Boats for Water he fell in among them and took them all and 200 Prisoners The King after this loss asked the Prisoners he had taken whether an Embassy to treat of their Liberty would be acceptable at Malaca and being by them assured it would he writ to the Admiral and Commander of the Town affirming our Ships had attacked him without cause when he was going only to subdue his rebellious Subjects expressing concern for the loss of our Galleon and Galliot offering to restore the Prisoners without Ransom if they sent for them This King being very subtle and false it was not fit to give two much Credit to him yet his Ambassadors were well received and it was answered that the King's Designs not being known it could not but he believed he designed against Malaca They sent him all his Subjects taken by Iames de Mendoça and a good Present thanking him for the offer of restoring the Portugueses and desiring he would deliver them to him that carried the others The King being under sail when our Messenger came to him said he would answer after he had treated him as became a Portugues Ambassador He had rather have taken his answer there being suspicious of the King but was forced to follow The King being come home received the Embassy friendly and a Month after dispatched him well satisfied with the Prisoners 10. The reason why as was before hinted the 3 Galleons could not pursue the Achem Fleet was because they had advice that 8 Holland Ships were sailing towards Malaca Mendoça was of opinion to repair to the City for the security thereof but Miranda was for pursuing the Enemy and having destroyed them they might retire to Polubutum or Gale which would have ruined the Achem Fleet and saved our Galleons which were destroyed afterwards by the Hollanders These drawing near Ferdinand de Costa was for securing the Galleons at Gale Miranda for fighting and Furtado advised to draw the Galleons close to the little Island so that the Hollanders might not pass between them and the Land so they might do the more Execution bringing all their Cannon over to one side This Opinion being approved of was scarce put in Execution when the 8 Ships appeared and made at them Every Ship exceeded each of our Galleons in number of Men and Cannon able Seamen and Gunners The order of drawing under the Island was so ill executed that the Hollanders took the Post ours aimed at 11. The Battel began and continued all that day with equal Loss Next day one of Galleons after losing 3 Captains and being torn to pieces even with the superficies of the Water was quitted by those Men that were left The 3d day only 10 Men being left in another Galleon they fired it and got ashore The Admiral Miranda would defend himself tho' wounded in the Leg with only 6 but they and a Jesuit by force carried him into the Island leaving the Galleon on fire About 200 Men were lost in them all The loss of the Hollanders was considerable but being Masters of the Sea they sailed to the Mouth of the Streight to intercept the Ships that were expected from China till understanding that D. Iohn de Silva Governor of Malina was coming that way with his Fleet they quitted that Sea which was no small comfort after so great a Loss 12. Francis de Miranda Enriquez went to Goa where he walked upon Crutches by reason of the hurt received in his Legs when he fought the Hollanders However he was brought to a Tryal for not sailing directly for Manila according to his Instructions or not retiring where they might have been secured In the Conclusion he was cleared and having behaved himself so bravely it was but reason he should 13. D. Iohn de Silva being informed that the four Galleons could not go to Manila did all that could be expected of a good Commander to join us in order to suppress the Hollanders He sent Ammunition to our Fleet aâ—… Malaca and advice for our Ships to avoid falling into the Enemies hands But all failed the advice by the ill Conduct of him that carried it and the Ammunition because our Galleons were lost when it came Without knowing hereof he put to Sea with 10 strong Galleons the product of his great Care and Industry Eight days after his departure 6 Holland Ships came to the Bay of Maribeles and were the first of that Nation that passed the Streights of Magellan Had D. Iohn set out 10 days sooner he had taken the 8 Ships that defeated Francis de Miranda and 10 Days later those other 6. Ships On the Sea of Pulatinam he found the Galleon commanded by Captain Antony Homen de Azevedo and the Plate Ship coming from China Having passed the Streight of Singapura he left the Galleons with his Vice-Admiral and with two Galleys he had went himself and
Portugueses were all dead who not far from thence had built a Town of Stone and worshipped a Cross on the foot whereof were unknown Characters He drew all on the Sand repeated Portugues Sirnames and demanded much Gold for telling his knowledge herein Some of his Men wore Crosses and informed our People there were two Holland Ships in Port St. Lucy or Mangascafe 13. In a small Island here was found a square Stone Fort and at the foot of it carved on a piece of Marble the Arms of Portugal with this Inscription REX PORTUGALENSIS ☉ S. Many Judgments were made of that Circle between the two last S's but nothing of certainty can be concluded 14. The King Chambanga desired a Portugues might be sent to his Court to treat about important Affairs leaving a Nephew Hostage for his safe return The Master Antony Gonçalez and F. Peter Freyre were sent who at 12 leagues distance found his Court called Fansaria very populous and magnificent He Treated them well at first then coldly but they making him a considerable Present they were good Friends and he delivered them his eldest Son to be carried to Goa desiring as Hostages for him the two Jesuits and four other Portugueses to whom he gave the Island of St. Cruz to live in 15. These People are descended from the Moors and call themselves Zelima's they use the Alcoran in Arabick and have Faquies who teach them to write and read they eat no Bacon are Circumcised and some marry several Wives CHAP. XIV Continues the Discoveries in the Island Madagascar under the Vice-Roy D. Hierome de Azevedo 1. THE same King told the Portugueses That in his Father's time a Ship of theirs was cast away on that Coast that about 100 of the Men came ashore some brought their Wives others married there and left a numerous Offspring He repeated several of their Names and shewed a Book writ in Portugues and Latin and some Maps and concluded saying There were more Portugueses on that Coast 7 days Journey Northward 2. Inquiring further our Men found an old Man 90 Years of Age who had known the Portugueses that were cast away there and could remember still some odd Words of our Language The Ships that were lost and never known where since the discovery of India were as follows In the Year 1504 three Ships one in the Year 1505 in 1527 two were cast away on the Island Madagascar and the Men remained there for want of Vessels to transport them four were lost the Year 1534 not known where one more in the Year 1538. The Portugueses those People spoke of must belong to some of these Ships 3. Our Men all set their hands to work and built a small Chapel and House for the four Portugueses and two Religious Men who were to remain there The Work done Mass was said and many of the Natives came to learn to make the sign of the Cross. The King seeing some Men labour under a Cross that was to be set upon a Rock run half naked and bare footed and carried it alone to the Place appointed The Portugueses might say they had found another Emperor Heraclius for after this pious Action he became wicked in this manner 4. Our Captain being ready to sail demanded that Son the King had promised to send with him and he not only refused to perform but denied he had made any such Promise and offered a Slave The Captain seeing this change sent the Master and Pilot with some Men to demand Hostages that a Portugues might go to Port St. Lucy to sound it and see an Inscription the Natives said was in that place If the King granted this they were to require no more if not to endeavour to bring away by force one of his Sons 5. The Peace thus broke and some Attempts of getting one of the King's Sons failing some Portugueses marched with their Muskets The King dreaded them but kept his Men in readiness a Fray ensuing they catched one of his Sons 11 Years of Age who was his Darling The King endeavoured to rescue him but was repulsed by our Shot The Subjects of another King came to offer any thing for the Boy 's Ransom but being told it was the Viceroy's Command the King's Promise and that they should lose their Heads if they did not carry him they went away satisfied Thus ended the Year 1613. The Child came to Goa about the middle of the Year 1614 the Viceroy caused him to be well instructed in the Faith by the Jesuits and was his Godfather in Baptism giving him the Name of Andrew because it was on that Apostle's day and the Sirname of Azevedo as his God-child 6. The Viceroy treated him with all Honour and Magnificence hoping to gain him that when he succeeded his Father he might forward the Propagation of the Gospel and believing he was sufficiently grounded sent him away with four Jâ—…s The Vessels were a Pink and a Caravel commanded by Peter de Almeyda Cabral and Iohn Cardoso de Pinâ—… who set out on the 17th of September 1616 and on the 20th of March they discovered the Island Del Cisue or The Swâ—…n a most delightful Place watered with pure Springs and bearing several unknown Plants and Herbs besides many known both Sweet and Medicinal The Religious on the Barks of the Trees carved the time of their arrival there and planted some Crosses 7. In this Island there are two Mountains that overtop the Clouds The Wreck of two Holland Ships was found there Our Ships entred Port St. Lucas in the Island of Madagascar The King and Queen came 〈◊〉 receive their Son with great joy and delivered Hostages at taking him away 8. With the Prince went the Fathers and six Soldiers He was every where till he came to the Court received with demonstrations of Joy which to us seem ridiculous as those used by us would appear to them This done the King made the same Agreement with our Captain that had been with the former which was that the Religious should inhabit the Island of Santa Cruz and thence have the liberty to go out and Preach the Gospel that there should be a League Offensive and Defensive between the King and Portugueses So the Fathers Almeyda and Costa went to the Fort of Santa Cruz and D. Andrew the King's Son sent them Workmen and Provisions 9. The Captain Peter de Almeyda had Orders to carry the King to Goa or if he refused another Son which if not consented to should be taken by force A Son being demanded he answered He had but one who was too young for that Voyage Almeyda thinking this was but an Excuse began to commit Hostilities but being informed it was true desisted Yet he carried away Anria Sambo the King's Nephew who was Baptized at Goa by the Name of Hierome 10. Being now a Christian he was sent to his Country in a Pink commanded by Emanuel Freyre de Andrade with 100 Soldiers 2 Jesuits and a Present worth
Count de Linarez with 9 Sail two lost 1629 165. D. George de Almeyda with 2 Sail one lost 1630 166. Antony de Saldana with 2 Ships both put back by Weather Fr. Vas de Almada with 2 Sail. 1631 167. Ios. Pinto Pereyra with 7 Sail. 1632 168. Antony de Saldana with 5 Sail. 1633 169. Hier. de Saldana with 3 Sail. 1634 170. Peter de Silva with 2 Sail one lost Gonzalo de Barros Silva with two 1635 171. Iohn de Melo with 2 Sail. 1636 172. Iohn Suarez Vivas with 2 Sail. 1637 173. I. de Sequeyra Varejam with 4 Sail. 1638 These are all the Ships there is any account of that sailed from Lisbon to discover and after for India since the Year 1412 when Prince Henry first attempted finding the way to India by Sea The Viceroy and Governors of India from the first Discovery till the Year 1640. 1. DON Francis de Almeyda first Viceroy and Governor Year 1505 2. Alfonso de Albuquerque second Governor 1509 3. Lope Soarez de Albergaria third Governor 1515 4. Iames Lopez de Sequeyra 4th Governor 1518 5. D. Duarte de Meneses 5th Governor 1522 6. D. Vasco de Gama Count de Vidigueyra 2d Viceroy and 6th Governor 1524 7. D. Henry de Meneses 7th Governor 1527 8. Peter Mascarennas 8th Governor 1529 9. Lope Vaz de Sampayo 9th Governor 1529 10. Nuno de Cunna 10th Governor 1529 11. D. Garcia de Noronna 3d Viceroy and 11th Governor 1538 12. D. Stephen de Gama 12th Governor 1540 13. Martin Alfonso de Sousa 13th Governor 1542 14. D. Iohn de Castro 4th Viceroy and 14th Governor 1543 15. Garcia de Sa 15th Governor 1549 16. George Cabral 16th Governor 154â—… 17. D. Alonso de Noronna 5th Viceroy and 17th Governor 1550 18. D. Peter Mascarennas 6th Viceroy and 18th Governor Year 1554 19. Francis Barreto 19 Governor 1555 20. D. Constantin de Bragança 7th Viceroy and 20th Governor 1558 21. D. Francis Coutinno Count de Redondo 8th Viceroy and 21th Governor 1561 22. Iohn de Mendoça 22 Governor 1564 23. D. Antony de Noronna 9th Viceroy and 23d Governor 1564 24. D. Luis de Ataide 10th Viceroy and 24th Governor 1567 25. D. Antony de Noronna 11th Viceroy and 25th Governor 1571 26. Antony Monez Barreto 26 Gov. 1573 27. D. Laurence de Tavora 12th Viceroy and 27th Governor 1576 28. D. Iames de Meneses 28 Gover. 1576 29. D. Luis de Ataide Count de Atouguia the second time 13 Vicer and 29 Gov. 1578 30. Ferdinand Tellez de Meneses 30th Governor 1581 31. D. Francis Mascarennas Count de Santa Cruz 14 Viceroy and 31 Governor 1581 32. D. Duarte de Meneses 15th Viceroy and 32th Governor 1584 33. Emanuel de Sousa Coutinno 33 Gov. 1588 34. Mathias de Albuquerque 16th Viceroy and 34th Governor 1691 35. D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra 17th Viceroy and 35th Governor 1597 36. Ayres de Saldanna 18th Viceroy and 36 Governor 1600 37. Martin Alfonso de Castro 19th Viceroy and 37th Governor 1604 38. D. F. Alexius de Meneses Archbishop of Goa 38th Governor 1607 39. D. Iohn Pereyra Count de Feyra 20th Viceroy and 39th Governor 1608 40. Andrew Furtado de Mendoça 40th Governor 1609 41. Ruy Lorenco de Tavora 21th Viceroy and 41st Governor 1609 42. D. Hierome de Azevedo 22th Viceroy and 42th Governor 1613 43. D. Iohn Coutinno Count de Redondo 23th Viceroy and 33th Governor 1617 44. Ferdinand de Albuquerque 44 Gov. 1619 45. D. Alfonso de Noronna 24th Viceroy and 45th Governor 1621 46. D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra the 2d time 25 Viceroy 46 Governor 1622 47. D. Luis de Brito Bishop of Cochim 47th Governor 1628 48. D. Francis Mascarennas 26 Viceroy 48 Governor 1628 49. Nunno Alvarez Botello 49 Gov. 1628 50 D. Michael de Noronna Count de Linnares 27 Viceroy 50 Governor 1629 51. Peter de Silva 28th Viceroy 51th Governor 1635 52. Antony Tellez de Silva 52 Gov. 1639 53. Iohn de Silva Tello 29 Viceroy 53 Governor 1640 Books in Print and Manuscripts out of which the Portugues Asia was Collected BOOKS in Print 1. EIght Volumes of the Affairs of India by Ferdinand Lopez de Castanneda who went into India only to examine into he Truth of what he writ His Stile nor Geography are not commendable but he has many curious though tedious Remarks It has been translated into French and Italian and I suppose some other Languages 2. Four Decades of the great Iohn de Barros who though posterior to Castanneda as to time is preferable to all for Judgment and is particularly esteemed for his Geography 3. Four other Decades of Iames de Couto Historiographer of India from the 4th to the 7th for he began at the 4th for then that of Iohn de Barros was not publick 4. Commentaries of the Actions of the great Alfonso de Albuquerque writ by his Son of the same Name 5. Antony Pinto Pereyra his Chronicle of D Luis de Atayde the famous Viceroy and Supporter of India writ in the Days of King Sebastian 6. Ferdinand Mendez Pinto his Indian History writ at the same time as the last Many make a doubt of Truth of what he writes and as many who have travelled those Parts affirm he might with truth have writ much more no less incredible to our apprehension I look upon him as a very true Historian for many Reasons Yet supposing he is not it is in things wholly omitted by me 7. The Bishop D. Hierome Osorio wrote the History of India in Latin which beyond dispute is the best Work of that Nature next to Titus Livius As to his Latin all Men grant him to be the best Ciaeronian His method is singular his Judgment piercing his Reflections sharp his Ornament majestick In fine he is accomplished in all Points 8. Mafeus is well known and very pleasant he did little but Epitomizing the Decades of Iohn de Barros as to the Substance of the History 9. F. Antony de S. Roman did little more than Translate Mafeus but not with Elegancy equal to him the Translation there is of him in Italian is better 10. Iohn de Lucena a Jesuit in the Life of S. Francis Xaverius brings in many Particulars of the Indian History He sticks not to the Rules of History but in his way of Writing deserves esteem for his Judgment Elegancy and way of Reasoning 11. Antony Galvam who was Commander of Ternate writ much concerning India and particularly of the Affairs of those Islands which has not been Printed or is extant at least it has not come to my Hands I only saw the Books he calls of Discoveries which is only short hints of things 12. Dr. Garcia Dorta of the Drugs and Medicinal Plants of Asia 13. A Collection of several small Books by several Authors giving an Account of many Shipwrecks that happen'd whereof we make mention in their Places 14. Several Relations particularly of the Jesuits 15. My own Book of