of England and commādeth him to reuest Anselme The Pope cōmandeth the K. of England which the K. woulde not obey but sent message and letters contrary to the great discontentment of the pope threatning him again with excommunication but the messenger so handled the matter that whē the councel came which was then holdē at S. Peters church in Rome the K. tooke no harme onely the sentence of excommunication was pronounced against Lay persons that gaue inuesture of Churches and them that were so inuested and against such as giue themselues in subiection to Lay men for Ecclesiasticall thinges The Counsel being finished Anselme went to Lyons and stayed there till the death both of Pope Vrban and also of the king who in hunting by chance was wounded to death by an arrowe The K. slaine shot of a knight named Walter Tyrrell and was buried at Westminster Vrbanus ruled the Church of Rome xij yeres excommunicated the Emperor Henricus who had bin also before excommunicate by Hild. Victor and after by Paschalis After the time of this K. William K. of Wales cease the name of kings ceased in the Countrey of Wales among the Britaines since King Rice who in the raign of this K. an 1093. was slaine in Wales Anno 1100. Henrie the first succéeded Rufus for wante of issue who was the 3. sonne of the Conqueror Hee for his knowledge in liberall artes was called Beauclarke Hée reformed the state of the Cleargie released the grieuous payments and reduced againe K. Edwards lawes K. Beauclarke K. Edwards lawes restored with correction thereof He reformed Country measures and made a measure after the length of his owne arme c Soone after he was K. he married Mawde daughter of Malcolin king of Scots and of Margaret his wife daughter of Edward the Outlaw being a professed Nunne in Winchester Whom notwithstanding without dispensation of the Pope he married by the consent of Anselme By which Mawd he had two sonnes William and Richard and two daughters Mawd and Marie About the third yeare of this kings reigne Little S. Bartholmewes founded by meanes of a minstrell Priestes sequestred from their wiues the hospital of S. Bartholmew by Smithfield was founded by meanes of a Minstrell belonging to the K. named Raier and was after finished by Richard Whittington Alderman and Mayor of London In his time by meanes of Anselmus Priestes were first in England sequestred from their wiues Also it was decréed that Monkes and Priestes should beare no rule ouer lay persons c. This king called home againe Anselme Anselme restored that was at the Councell of the king at Westminster where the K. in the presence of the Lords as wel temporall as spirituall inuested ij bishops Roger B. of Salisburie and Roger B. of Herford During which Councel Anselmus in his Conuocation deposed diuers Abbots and other Prelates At this Councel and the other before set forth by Anselmus Herbert B. of Norwich had much trouble with the Priestes of his Dioces for they would neither forsake their wiues Priests would not forsake their wiues nor leaue their Benefices And requiring Anselmus councell therein was willed by him to account them as rebels and to perswade the people to driue them foorth of their Countrey and to place monkes in their roomes Like busines also had Gerard Archb. of York which notwithstanding his excommunications he could hardly bring to passe Anno 1103. about the end of the iij. yere of the K. reigne a debate fel betwéene Anselme and the K. for those Bishops whom the K. had consecrated whom Anselmus disdayned and otherwise behaued himselfe very insolently against the king Anselm insolent against the king And Messengers being sent to Paschalis the pope for allowance of the kings inuesting he would in no case yéelde to the same but held himselfe fast in the steppes of Vrbane in so much that the Embassadors of the King hauing said that he would not lose the authoritie of inuesting Prelates for the crowne of his Realme the P. answered before God with an oath nor I for the price of his head For the price of his head A proud P. will lose the geuing of spirituall promotions in England Yet at that same time it was brought to passe that certain customes in such matters were released vnto the king and that the K. onely who had inuested them being excepted they that were inuested should be excommunicated the absolution and satisfaction of whom should be lefte to Anselm Thus Anselm was dismissed whether he went to complaine from Rome and in his returne was charged by the Ambassador of the K. either to consent vnto him or els to beware how he presumed to enter into the land againe Wherevpon he remained at Lions a yéere and a halfe writing diuerse letters vnto the king and séeing no way to preuaile with him he went about to reuenge himselfe by excommunication wherof the king hearing desired Anselmus to come vnto him into Normandie The king reconciled to Anselme where reconcilement was made Anselmus restored againe yet deferred he his comming into England because he would not communicate with those whom the king had inuested and made his abode at the abbey of Beck The king yet sent againe Embassadors to Rome where it was agreed that he should take homage of the Bishops elect but should not deale with inuesting them by staffe and ring c. Now in the absence of Anselme Priestes Priestes pay mony for their wiues to the king and Chanons tooke them to their wiues againe paying a certaine mony to the king for the same whereat Anselmus beyng very angrie writeth to the king and rebuketh him for the same and afterward méeting with him at the abbey of Becke Anselme yeelded to in all points agreed vnto him in all pointes he desired First that all Churches which were made tributary to the king before should be made frée Item that he should require nothing of the said Churches the seates beyng vacant Item that those married Priestes that had giuen mony to the king should surcease from ecclesiasticall function thrée yéeres and that the king should take no more after that manner and that all the goods that had béene taken away from the Archbishoprike should be restored at his returne into England Anno 1106. The sixt yéere of the Kings raigne Anselme by the permission of the King assembled a great councell at Westminster of the prelates and Clergie where by the Popes authoritie he so wrought with the king that it was enacted that no temporal man after that day should make inuesture with crosse or with ring or with pastorall hooke besides many other decrées against priests mariages sodomitry But the decrée curse against that was called backe againe by the suite of certaine who perswaded Anselmus that the opening of that vice did giue more occasion of committing the same and so it was taken away but the
papacy of Rome and the regalities of S. Peter I shall be an ayder so mine order be saued against all persons The Legate of the apostolike sea both in going and comming I shall honorably intreat and helpe him in all necessities Being called to a Synode I shall be ready to come vnlesse I be let by some Canonicall empeachment The palace of the Apostles euery third yéere I shall visit eyther by my selfe or by my messenger except otherwise I be licensed by the sea apostolike All such possessions as belong to the Dioces of my Bishoprike I shall neither sell nor giue nor lay to morgage or lease out or remooue away by any manner of meanes without the consent and knowledge of the Bishoppe of Rome so God helpe mée and the holy Gospell of God Also among other decrées in a Councel at Rome of 300. Bishoppes Chastitie was obtruded vpon Priestes and Thomas Beckette and Bernarde were canonized for Saintes T. Becket and Bernard canonized for Saints Anno 1184. The French king came on Pilgrimage to Becket the K. of England méeting him by the way After the death of Richard Archbishoppe of Canterburie who followed after Becket succéeded Baldwinus Baldwinus a Cistercian Monke Anno 1178. In the Citie of Tholouse was a great multitude of men and women whome the Popes Commissioners did condemn for heretikes of whom some were scourged naked some chased away and other some compelled to abiure They held against the reall presence In the time of this Alexander the Pope sproong vp the doctrine and name of them which were called then Pauperes de Lugduno Pauperes de Lugduno which of one Waldus a chiefe Senator in Lions were named Waldenses Waldenses They were also called Leonisti Insabbattati About the yere 1119. or according to Laziardus 1170. About this time or not long before rose vp Franciscus Franciscus and Dominicus Dominicus mainteners of blinde hypocrisie The originall of Waldenses came vpon this occasion about the yere 1160. it fell out as the chiefe heads of the citie of Lions were walking and talking according to their maner of diuers affaires one among them fell downe dead wherat Waldus Waldus being present was so terrified that he was stroken with repentance and indeuour to refourme his life insomuch that first he began to minister large almes of his goods to such as needed Secondly to instruct himselfe and his familie with the true knowledge of Gods word Thirdly to admonish all them which resorted vnto him vpon any occasion to repentance and vertuous amendment of life whereby he drew much people vnto him to whome he gaue certaine rudiments translated out of the scripture into the French tongue The Prelates threatned him with excommunication whereat hee was nothing abashed but persisted constant vntill with sworde imprisonment and banishment they draue Waldus with all his fauourers out of the Citie who therefore were called Pauperes de Lugduno because they were driuen from their Countrey and dispossessed of their goods Their articles were these 1 Onely the Scriptures are to bee beléeued in matters concerning faith The doctrine of the Waldenses 2 All things necessarie to saluation to be conteyned in the Scriptures 3 That there is one onely Mediator and no Saints to be inuocated 4 No Purgatorie 5 Masses to be wicked 6 Mens traditions to be reiected in matters of saluation against holy dayes superfluous chaunting fixed fastes the degrées and orders of Priestes Nunnes c. Against vowes and peregrinations 7 Against the supremacie of the Pope 8 Against receiuing in one kinde 9 The Pope is Antichrist and Rome Babylon 10 Against indulgences and pardons 11 Against vowes of chastitie 12 That such as heare the word and haue a right faith are the Church of Christ and the keyes to be the preaching of the word and ministring the Sacraments These Waldenses at length exiled were dispersed into sundrie and diuers places of whom many remayned long time in Bohemia who writing to their king Vladislaus to purge themselues of the slaunderous accusations of one D. Augustin gaue vp their confession with an Apologie which was no other doctrine than that which is taught at this day The zeale of the Waldenses as appeareth by the report of Aeneas Siluius They were deuout in praier and diligent in reading the Scriptures In so much that Reinerius a diligent Inquisitor against them reporteth that he did heare and sée a man of the Countrey vnlettered The Testamēt by heart which could rehearse the whole booke of Iob worde for worde without the booke and diuers other which had the new Testament by heart and they were so painefull to instruct others that he saith he did heare of one that knew the parties that one of them did swimme ouer the riuer Ibis to conuert one from the Romish religion and to geue him instructions In the reigne of this K. Henrie was gathered thorowe England and Fraunce ij d. of euerie pound for the succour of the East christians against the Turkes for such was the affliction that Pope Vrban 3. died for sorow Gregorie 8. the next Pope after him liued not two moneths Then in the dayes of P. Clement 3 king Henrie of England and Philip the French king the Duke of Burgundie the Earle of Flaunders the Earle of Cāpania with diuers other christiā princes with a general consent vpō S. Georges day took the mark of the crosse vpon thē promising together to take their voiage to the holy land at which time the king of England receiued first the Red crosse The markes of the crosse to go to fight for the holy land the French king the White crosse the Earle of Flanders the Gréene crosse and so other Princes other colours But king Henry after the thrée yéeres were expired in which he promised to performe his voiage sent to the pope for farther delay of his promisse offering for the same to erect 3. monasteries which hee thus performed In the Church of Waltham hee thrust out the secular priests placed monkes in their roome and repaired againe brought in the nunnes of Amesbury that were before excluded for their incontinent life An. 1173. Incontinent life of nunnes About the fiue and twentith yéere of the raigne of this king Ludouicus the French king by the vision of Thomas Beckets appearing to him in his dreame and promising him the recouery of his sonne K Lewes of France maketh pilgrimage to Becket if he would resort to him to Canterbury made his iourney into England to visit S. Thomas at Canterbury with Philip Earle of Flanders where hée offered a rich cup of gold with other precious iewels 100. vessels of wine yéerely to the couent of the Church of Canterbury Anno 1178. Albingenses Albingenses about Tholouse denied the reall presence and denied also matrimony to be a sacrament The monkes of the Charterhouse Monks of the Charterhouse first entred into
this Realme an 1180. Anno 1187. Baldwinus Archbishop of Canterburie began to buyld his new house and church at Lambeth but by letters of Pope Clement the third he was forbidden to procéede any further It is written also that Henrie 2. gaue to the Church of Rome for the death of Becket 40000. markes of siluer and 5000. markes of gold an 1187. In the fiue and thirty yeare of his reigne the king died at the Castle of Whiuen in Normandie at whose death they that were present were so greedie of the spoile that they left the body of the king naked and not so much could be found as a cloth to couer it till a Page comming in and seing the king lie so ignominiously threw his cloke vpon his neither partes Anno 1189. Richard the eldest sonne of Henry the 2. succéeded his Father at which time Pope Clement Pope Clement sat at Rome succéeding Gregory that died a little before for sorrow Iewes destroyed In the time of the Coronation of the king the Iewes were destroied almost all the land ouer The king in part of satisfaction for his trespasse against his father agreed with Phillip the French king to take vpō them the recouery of the holy lande and for the same solde and let out much and gathered diuers waies great treasures for the iourney Besides by the commaundement of Pope Clement the third a tenth was exacted of the whole Realme in such sort as the Christians should make to the King 70000. A Bish Chancellour A Bish chiefe iustice of England pound and the Iewes sixe thousand For the gouernment of his Realme in his absence the King set ouer principall in his absence the Bishop of Ely his Chauncellour and the the Bishop of Durham whom he ordained to be chiefe Iustice of England the one to haue the custody of the Tower with the ouersight of all other partes of the land on this side of Humber The other which was the bishoppe of Durham to haue charge ouer all other his dominions beyond Humber sending moreouer to Pope Clement in the behalfe of William Bishoppe of Ely to bée made the Popes Legate through all England and Scotlande which also was obtained These thinges thus ordered The iourney for the holie land the K. about the time of Easter sayled into France there deferred their iourney til after Midsommer They confirmed their agréemēt of the enterprise by oath the forme of which oath was this That either of thē should mainteine the honor of the other The forme of the oath for the holy land and beare true fidelitie of life members and worldly honor and that neither of them should faile one the other in their affaires c. But these couenants were not performed on the French kings part for at Messana hée suffered the kings part to be abused The French breaketh his oth by the inhabitants of the citie and picked quarrels against the Englishmen and wrought treason against the king by sending letters to the king of Cicill Tancredus by the duke of Burgundy the contents whereof were that the king of Englād was a false traitour and would neuer keepe the peace that was betwixt them and if the said Tancredus would warre against him or secréetly by night would inuade him hée with all his power would assist him and ioine with him to the destruction of him and all his armie which letters Tancredus shewed vnto king Richard at Cathmensium a citie where the king found Tancredus who gaue him very good intertainment thrée daies thrée nights and at his departing gaue him foure great ships and 15. gallies and furthermore he himselfe would néeds accompany him the space of two daies iourney to a place called Tauernium After the king of England had vnderstood so much by Tancredus and had also receiued of him the very letters he would shewe the French king from thenceforth no louing countenance as before King Richard hauing won Cipres departed with the French king toward the siege of Achon the 6. of Iune crossing the seas he met with a great barke fraught with men of warre being Saracens and furnished with wild fire and vnknowen serpents to the defence of Achon whom he vanquished and the 7. of Iune came to Achon which in short space after was rendered vnto the christians the 12. of Iuly and the captaines of the Pagans vpon agréement resorted vnto the tents of the Templars to common with the king touching peace giuing vp of their citie The sum of which peace was this that the kings should haue the citie of Achon fréely fully deliuered vnto them with all that was therein and 500. Captaines of the Christians should bée restored which were in Achon also the holy crosse should be rendered vnto thē 1000. christian captains with 200. horsemen whom soeuer they thēselues would choose out of al them that were in the power of Saladine Moreouer they should giue to the kings 200000. bysants so that they themselues would remaine as pledges in the K. hands for performāce hereof that if within 40. daies these couenaunts were not accomplished Achon wonne by the Christians they would abide the kings mercy touching life and lims These couenaunts beyng agréed vpon the kings sent their souldiers and seruants to the citie to take an 100. of the richest and best in the citie to close them vp in towers vnder strong kéeping The 13. day the two kings deuided the spoile of the citie betwixt them whereat the souldiers grudged and with somewhat adoo were appeased The 20. of Iuly K. Richard desired the French king that they with their armies would bind themselues by oth to remaine there still in the land of Ierusalē 3. yéeres for the recouering of those coūtries but he would sweare he said no such oth about the beginning of August the French K. departed from Achon to Tirus leauing his halfe part of the citie of Achon to Cōradus the Marques After whose departure the Pagans refused to kéepe their couenants made and neither would restore the holy crosse nor the monie nor the captiues sending word that if king Richard did behead the pledges left with him at Achon they would chop of the heads of such christian captiues as they had in their hands Shortly after this the Saladine sending great gifts to king Richard requested the time limited for the beheading of the captiues to bée proroged but the King refused to take his giftes or to graunt his request Wherevpon the Saladine caused all the Christian captiues within his possession forthwith to be beheaded which was the 18. of August And albeit the king vnderstood it yet he would not preuent the time limitted for the execution of his prysoners beyng the twentith day of August vppon which day hée caused them openly in the sight of the Saladines army to bee beheaded to the number of 2500. sauing hée reserued certaine of the principall for purposes especially to make
detested the execrable simony of the Court of Rome hee made his repaire home againe to his countrie vnconfirmed declaring to the whole nobilitie of that land how the case stood Wherevpon all the Church of the Grecians hearing this at the same time departed vtterly from the Church of Rome Insomuch that the Archbish of Constantinople comming afterward to the Councel of Lions declared there openly that whereas he had before time aboue thirtie Bishoprickes and Suffraganes now he had not thrée Adding moreouer that all the Grecians and certaine other with Antioch the whole Empire of Romania euen to the gates almost of Constantinople were gone from the obediēce of the church of Rome Paris f. 112. f. 186. By occasion of which separation in the yere 1237. Germanus 1237 Germanus Archb. and Patriarke of Constantinople wrote vnto Gregorie the ninth desiring him to study séeke meanes of vnitie and that he would not refuse to méete him in the midwaye to debate of the matter that vnitie might bee recouered But the Pope refused and shortlye after sent foorth his preaching Friers to moue all Christians to take the signe of the Crosse and to fight against the Grecians The signe of the crosse to fight against the Grecians euen as it were against the Turkes and Saracens In so much that in the I le of Ciprus many good men and martyrs were slaine for the same as by letters of the said Germanus doeth appeare who wrote to the Pope and Cardinals to reforme themselues which was so taken of the Pope that shortly after he prepared to send men of war signed with the crosse to fight against the Grecians Whereupon the Archb. of Antioch with the foresaid Germanus solemnlie excommunicated the Pope The pope excommunicated Intollerable exactions of the pope The exactions of the Pope were so intollerable in the land that king Henrie the third wrote to Pope Innocent the fourth for releasement in most humble and gentle māner anno 1244. the 28. yere of the kings reigne Yet it booted not for the Pope was not ashamed to take of Dauid Prince of North-wales fiue hundred markes a yeare to set him against the King of England and exempted him from all his fealtie and obedience which he had sworne In the yeare one thousande two hundred fourtie fiue Prince of Wales set against the king of England the whole Nobility of the Realm by generall consent with the kings knowledge caused all partes of the Sea side to be layde that no Messenger with the Popes letters Bulles from Rome should be permitted to enter the realm Wherupon No messenger permitted to or fro Rome some were taken at Douer there stayed Notwithstanding when complaint thereof was brought to the king by Martinus the Popes Legate there was no remedie but the K. must néedes cause the letters to be restored againe and executed to the full effect Then the king vpon aduise caused a view to be taken through euerie Shire in Englād to what summe the whole reuenewes of the Romans and Italians amounted to which by the popes authoritie went went out of England The whole summe whereof was foūd yerely to be 60000. 60000. marks yerely to Rome markes To which summe the whole reuenewes of the crowne did not amount The Nobles then vnderstanding the miserable oppression of the Realme being assembled together at Dunstable for certaine causes sent one Fulco in the name of the whole Nobilitie vnto Martinus that he should with spéede departe the land The P. Legate departeth England except he would be cut all to péeres Which message the Legat shewed to the king and demaunded if his consent were thereto and finding small comfort tooke his leaue and departed an 1245. After this followed immediatly a generall Councell at Lions Councel at Lions to the which the estate and Lords of the Realme with consent of the Communaltie sent two billes the one containing a generall Supplication to the Pope and Councell the other with the articles of such gréeuances as they desired to haue redressed The Supplication was sent by Sir Roger Bigotte knight and William de Powick Esquire and Henrie de la Mare with other knights and Gentlemen After that it was there opened read P. Innocent first kéeping silence differred to answere thereto making hast to procéed to his detestable sentence of excommunicatiō curse Emp. Fred. cursed by the Pope against the good Emperor Fred. Which curse being done the Pope tolde them flatly they should not haue their requestes fulfilled and incontinent during the same councell he caused euery B. of England to put to his hand and seale to the obligation made by the king Iohn for the Popes tribute threatning moreouer that if hée had once brought downe the Emperour Fredericke he would bridle the insolent pride of England well enough In the beginning of the next yéere following An. 1246. Pope Innocent came to Cluniake Pope perswadeth warre against England where he perswaded the French king Lewes to make warre against the king of England whereto the French king would not agrée but shortly after concluded with him longer truce Ouer and beside all other exactions the Pope sending downe his letters from the sea Apostolike charged the prelates to find him some ten some fiue some fiftéene able men well furnished with horse and harneis for one whole yéere to fight in the Popes warres The Popes warres and least the king should haue knowledge hereof it was enioined them vnder paine of excommunication that they should reueale it to none but to kéepe it secrete onely to themselues Pope Innocent now intending to subdue the Gréeke church sent the prouinciall of the Grayfriers with other associates of the same order into England with his precepts authenticall that all goods gotten by vsury should be attached for his warre against the Gréekes Warre against the Greekes and that all those should be absolued from all their sinnes that would take on them the crosse to fight against the Grecians c. with other articles tending to the Popes profite The same yéere 1246. The Pope commaunded the Prelates of England that all beneficed men in the realme of England which were resident vpō their benefices should yéeld the third part of their goods and they which were not resident should giue the one halfe of their goods for the space of thrée yéeres together which summe beyng estéemed together was found to amount to 60000. l. 60000. pounds exacted by the Pope The executiō of this commission was cōmitted to the B. of London but as consultation was had about the matter at Paules the King sendeth straight charge that they should not consent thereto Parisiensis fol. 207. And afterward An. 1247. about February the king called a parlement and directeth Embassadours with letters and also to make manifest the grieuances of the land vnto the court of Rome The grieuāces of England whereto the Pope maketh a
Oxford notwithstanding he well supported Iohn of Gaunt Lord H. Percie fauourers of VVic and friended of the King and other as Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster and the Lord Henrie Percie by whom he bare out the malice of the friers till the yere of our Lord one thousand thrée hundred seuentie seuen The opinions for which he was depriued in Oxforde The opinions of VVic were these That the Pope had no more power to excommunicate any man than an other and that to absolue is as much in any Priestes power as in his That when Ecclesiasticall persons doe sinne habitualiter continuing in the same still the Temporall powers may and likewise ought to take away from them that which hath béene before bestowed vpon them c. He touched also the matter of the sacrament prouing that in the same the accidents did not remaine without the substaunce both by the Scriptures and ancient Doctours About the yéere 1376. the Bishops still vrging and stirring vp their Archbishop Simon Sudbury which before had depriued him and afterward prohibited him not to stirre any more in those kind of matters had obtained by processe and order of citation to haue him brought before them wherevpon both place and time for him to appeare after their vsuall forme was to him assigned The Duke hauing intelligence that Wickliffe his Client should come before the bishops fearing that he being but one should be too weak against such a multitude calleth vnto him out of the orders of Friers foure Batchelers of diuinity out of euery order one to ioyne them with Wickliffe for the more surety Whē the day was come for Wickliffe to appeare which was Thursday the 19. of February Iohn Wickliffe accompanied with the Friers Wickliffe brought before the Bishops and with them also the Duke of Lancaster and Lord Henry Piercey Lord marshall of England the said Lord Piercey going before him to make roome and way where Wickliffe shoulde come such was the throng of the multitude in Paules Church which was the place appointed that the Lordes for all the puissaunce of the high Marshall scarce could with great difficultie gette way thorough In so much that the Bishop of London Wil. Courtney sonne to the Earle of Deuonshire séeing the stirre that the Lord Marshall kept in the Church among the people speaking to the Lorde Piercie said that if hee had knowen what masteries he would haue kept in the church he would haue stopped him for comming in there Whereupon grewe words At last after much wrastling they preased thorow and came to our Ladies Chappell where the Duke and barons were sitting together with the Archbishops and other Bishops before whom stood Iohn Wickliffe to know what should be laid against him To whom first spake the Lord Percie bidding him sit downe saying Wickliffe bid sit downe hée had many things to answere vnto and therefore had need of some soft seate But the Bishop of Lincolne cast into a fumish heat sayd he should not sit there neither said he was it according to law c. wherevpon grewe great heat of speach among them The Duke also taking part with the Lord Percie From braule to threates rebuked the Bishop who went so farre beyond the Duke in rayling that the Duke as the Author saith was ashamed because hée could not ouerpasse the Bishop in brawling and therefore fell to plaine threatning wherevpon the contention grew so great that the councell broken vp with scolding and brauling for that day was dissolued before nine of the clocke About this time a proude bishop of Norwich was wounded and sore hurt A prowde B. wounded with his traine dispersed at the towne of Lennam for that he presumed to take vpon him to cōmaund a mace or tipstaffe belonging to the chiefe gouernour of the towne to be carried before him Anno 1377. In the moneth of Iune 21. day died Edward 3. that after he had raigned 51. yéeres who of all the kings of the realme vnto king Henry the 8. K. Edward dieth the greatest brideler of the pope was the greatest brideler of the Popes vsurped power whereby Iohn Wickliffe was maintained with ayd sufficient Richard the second succéeded his father beyng but eleuen yéeres of age and in the same yéere of his Fathers decease was crowned at Westminster anno 1371. Wickliffe notwithstanding he were forbidden by the bishops continued yet with his fellowes going barefoot and in long friers gownes Wickliffe goeth barefoote preaching Articles out of Wickliffes preachings as their manner was preaching diligently to the people out of whose Sermons chiefly these articles were collected That the Eucharist is the body of Christ but figurately That Rome is not the head of churches and that Peter had no more giuen vnto him then other apostles That the pope had no more the keies then any other within the order of priesthood that the Lords temporall may take away the temporalities of the clergy offending habitualiter are bound vnder paine of damnation to take them away frō any Church so offending That the gospell is the onely sufficient rule of life That neither the Pope nor any other prelate of the church ought to haue prisons wherein to punish transgressors c. Which were collected with diuerse more by the Bishops and sent to Pope Gregory at Rome where the Articles beyng perused and read Wickliffes articles condēned for hereticall were condemned by 23. Cardinals to be hereticall An. 1378. pope Gregory sendeth his Bull by the hands of one M. Edmund Stafford directed vnto the vniuersitie of Oxford rebuking them sharply imperiously like a pope for suffering so long the doctrine of Wickleffe to take roote which Bull when it came to be exhibited to their hands The Popes bull against Wickliffe the Proctors and Maisters of the vniuersitie ioyning together in consultation stood long in doubt deliberating with themselues whether to receiue the Popes Bull with honour or to reiect it with shame Beside this Bull sent to the Vniuersitie of Oxford pope Gregory directed moreouer his letters the same time to the Archbishop of Canterbury Simon Sudbury and to the Bishop of London William Courtney with the conclusions of Iohn Wickliffe therein enclosed commaunding them by vertue of those his letters apostolicall and straightly inioyning them to cause the sayd Iohn Wickliffe to be apprehended and cast into prison and that the King and the Nobles should be admonished The Pope diligent against Wickliffe not to geue any credit to the doctrine of Wickliffe c. Besides this Bull to the Archbishop of Canterburie and the Bishop of London he wrote two other letters concerning the same matter to the same Bishops dearing the same date of day and yéere in the seuēth yéere of his papacie 11. Kalend. Iunij Moreouer besides all these buls letters he directeth an other Epistle bearing the same date vnto king Richard the 2. touching the same matter The articles included in the
history of Walter Brute one A turnecote persecutor a letter which hath no name written to M. Nicholas Herford who beyng at the first a great folower of Wickliffe was now in the number of those that sat vpō Walter Brute The effect of the letter was to warne him put him in mind of his fal beside that epistle there is found annexed with the same A letter of Lucifer prince of darkenes to the clergy a certaine other letter counterfayted vnder the name of Lucifer Prince of darknesse to the persecuting Church of the popish clergy Which letter séemeth to some to be ascribed to Occham aboue mentioned wherein Popish Church is noted to be Antichristian and the abuses of the same laid open Ex Registro Herfordiensi and diuerse other writings of like argument both before and since haue béene deuised as one bearing the Title Luciferi ad malos principes ecclesiasticos imprinted first at Paris in Latine and vnder the writing thereof bearing this date Anno à palatij nostri fractione consortiumque nostrorum subtractione 1351. Which if yée count from the passion of Christ reacheth to the time of Wickliffe 1385. that was aboue six yéeres afore the examination of this Walter Brute There is also another epistle of Lucifer ad Praelatos mentioned in the Epistle of the schoole of Prage to the Vniuersitie of Oxford set foorth by Huldricus Huttenus Anno 1370. Also Vincentius in his Speculo historiae lib. 25. cap. 89. maketh mention of a letter of the féends of hell to the clergy as in a vision represented before 400. yéeres The feends glad of want of preaching In which the féends giue thanks to the clergy in that by their not preaching they sent infinite number of soules to hel c. Also Iacobus Cartusiensis writing to the B. of Wormace declareth the enormities of the church besides an 1228. at Paris in a sinode of the clergy The Diuell teacheth what should be preached there was one appointed to make a Sermon beyng carefull what to say to the people the Diuell appéered to him and bid him preach and say to them the princes of Hell salute you yée Princes of the Church because thorough your negligence all soules go downe to hell adding moreouer that hée was enforced by the commaundement of God to declare the same yea and that a certaine token was also giuen the Clergie whereby the Synod might euidently sée that hée did not lie Ex catalog Illyric fol. 546. King Richard the second was by Boniface the 9. stirred vp against the professors of the truth which Boniface directed his Bull both to the Bishop of Hereford agaynst the professors and also another vnto the King the sixt yéere of his dignitie Episcopall wherevppon the King gaue out straight commission against them that helde of the side of Wickliffe and specially agaynst Walter Brute hée wrote a letter the two and twentith day of September the seuententh yéere of his raigne Albeit during the life of the King none are expresly found by name that suffered burning notwithstanding some there were which by the Archb. William Courtney and other Bishops had béene condemned and diuers also abiured Abiurers and did penaunce chiefly about the towne of Leycester the names of which persons detected are these Well affected about Leycester Roger Dexter Roger Dexter Nicholas Taylor Nich. Taylor Nicholas Wagstaffe Michaell Scriuener William Smith Iohn Henry William Parchmenar and Roger Goldsmith inhabitants of the towne of Leycester who for holding against the Reall presence against worshipping of Images and worshipping of the Crosse against the chaunting of Masse and mattins against pardons Friers oblations for the dead auricular confession to the priest c. were of the Romane church condemned for Heretikes and because Roger and Nicholas appéered not being cited on Alhallow day being the first of Nouember the archb celebrating high masse cursed thē their adherents The towne of Leycester interdicted with hell booke candell and did interdict the whole towne of Leicester and all the Churches in the same so long as any of the foresayd excommunicate persons should be there and till all the Lollards of the towne should turne from their heresie obtaining at the Archb. hande the benefite of absolution at length it was declared that there was a certaine Anchores An Anchores of Wickliffes doctrine within the Churchyard of S. Peters of Leicester infected with Wickliffes heresie named Matild which Matild Matild being examined by him he not finding her answere directly assigned her a day peremptory to appeare before him at the monastery of S. Iames at Northamptō there more fully to answere vnto the articles of that heresie which was the 6. day of the same moneth of Nouember which Matild was so straitly examined Recant that she recanted and did 40. daies penance About that time there was one Margaret Cailie a Nunne Margaret Cailie a Nun forsaketh her order which forsaking her order was against her will inforced by the Archb. to enter into the same againe Moreouer of the number of the 8. persons before mentioned 2. recanted William Smith Roger Dexter Alice his wife and had inioyned penance to heare masse go on procession 3. times before the crosse in their shirts with Tapers and crucifixes in their hands and in the open market to do likewise William singing the antheme with the Collect Sancta Katherina Penance Roger and Alice a Pater noster and an Aue Marie and so also should againe stand the Sunday next as before in the Church c. 1389. About this time one Peter Pateshull Peter Pateshul an Austen frier obtaining by the Popes priuiledge through the meanes of Walter Dys Confessor to the Duke of Lancaster liberty to chaunge his coate and religion and hearing of the doctrine of Iohn Wickliffe and other of that sort began at length to detect the vices of his order in such manner as all men woondred to heare the horrible reciting thereof which being brought to the eares of his order twelue of them while hee was preaching at the Churche of Saint Christopher in London stoode vp openly in his preaching and one of them contraried that which he saide which when the Londoners did sée they thrust him with his brethren out of the Churche and wounded them sore beate them and followed them home purposing to destroy their mansion with fire also had not the Sheriffe of London with two Friers of good report The Londoners zealous of the same house with gentle and mylde woordes mittigated their rage This Peter Patshull was afterwarde desired to put in writing that he did know touching their wickednesse which hée did accusing them of murder naming time place and persons sodomitrie treasons to king and realme c. Which writing the Londoners caused to bée set vp on Paules Church doore at London and was read and copied out of many This was
Anno 1387. the tenth yeere of the raigne of King Richarde the second Ex Chron. Monast Albon At the same time Anne the kings wife had the Gospels in English The K. wife hath the Gospel in English with the foure Doctors vpon the same She was a Bohemian borne Sister of Vincelaus king of Boheme which care of knowledge in her Thomas Arundell Archbishoppe of Yorke preaching at her funerall the 18. yéere of the Kinges raigne greatly commended and praised for hauing them in the mother tongue and blamed sharply the negligence of the Cleargy Notwithstanding this Tho. Arūdel Tho. Arundell after this sermon became the most cruell eniury that could be against English bookes and the authors therof for shortly after the death of the Quéene he with the B. of London Robert Braybrock crossed the seas into Ireland there desired the kings aide against the heresie of Wickliffe Anno 1393. at Westminster was called a Parlement by the Kinges commaundement to that purpose in which parlement certaine articles were put out in the behalfe of the gospel to the number of twelue were fastned vpon the Churchdoore of Paules at London Articles in the be halfe of the Gospel and also at Westminster 1. The first was against the appropriations and pride of the Cleargie 2. Against Papisticall priesthoode 3 Against singlenes of Priestes 4 Against Transubstantiation Against exorcismes and blessings of priests 6 Against ciuill iurisdiction of Ecclesiasticall persons 7 Against masses for the dead 8 Against pilgrimages and oblations 9 Against auricular confession 10 Against the purchasing of indulgences and pardons a poena culpa by Lords vnto such as doe helpe their armies to kil Christians in forraine Countreyes for temporall gaine 11 Against Nunnes and widowes which vow a single life 12 Against multitude of artes not necessarie Multitude of artes not necessarie vsed in the Church To these articles were adioyned reasons in reproofe of the practise of the Church of Rome therein And vnto the articles these verses were thus adioyned The English Nation doth lament of Sodomites their sinne Which Paul doeth plainly signifie by Idols to begin But Gersitis full ingrate from sinfull Simon sprong This to defend though priestes in name make Bulwarkes great and strong Rime against popish priests After these articles were thus set foorth the King not long after returned out of Ireland and at his returne called certaine Nobles vnto him Richard Sturie Lewes Clifford Fauourers of the gospel Thomas Latimer Iohn Montacute c. Whō he did sharplie rebuke and terriblie threaten for that he heard them to be fauourers of that side and tooke an oath of Richard Sturrie that he should neuer fauour any such opinions swearing that he should die a shamefull death if he brake his oath Ex Chron. D. Alb. Now Pope Vrban was dead sixe yeares before P. Boniface 9. whom succéeded Boniface the ninth that laboured by all meanes against the Gospell and had written sundrie times to King Richard as wel for the repealing of actes of Parlement against his prouisions Quare impedit and premunire facias as for the persecuting of the professors of the truth which letter he wrote to the king anno 1396. which was the yere before the death of William Courtney Archbishop of Canterburie after whom succéeded Th. Arundel brother to the Earle of Arundel first B. of Elie then archb of Yorke and Lord Chancellor of England and lastly archb of Canterb. about the yere 1397. Anno 1398. the ninth yere of the Pope K. Richard 2. wrote a certaine letter to the Pope full of vertuous instruction to the quieting of the schisme and a godlie admonition very pithilie The K. writeth a christian admonition to the P. and copiouslie in the ende whereof the rest being of like sort he beséecheth him to receiue his councel effectuallie that in doing thus the waters may returne to the places from whēce they came and so the waters may begin to be made sweete with salt least the axe swimme on that water and the wood sinke and least the fruitfull Oliue degender into a wilde Oliue and the leprosie of Naaman the Nobleman cleaue continuallie to the house of Gehezie and least the Pope and the Pharisies crucifie Christ againe Christ the spouse of the Church which was wont to bring the chiefe bishop into the holiest place increase your Holinesse or rather restore it being lost c. Ex lib. cuiusdam Dunelmen But the Popes being little moued with good councell neither of them would geue ouer to the quiet of the Church but prosecuted their titles to the vttermost Notes of certaine Parlementes holden in the reigne of K. Richard 2. making against the Pope Parlements holden against the P. IN the first yere at Westminster that first fruites be no more paid to the P. Item that no prouision be made from Rome to procure any Benefice That none farme any Ecclesiasticall liuing of a stranger In which bill it was rehearsed that Frenchmen had six thousand pound a yéere that way in England Against the Popes reseruations of dignities electiue in the second yéere agaynst Aliens who had the greatest part of Church dignities in their hands Item that the benefices of rebels to Pope Vrbane should be seised into the kings hands That Vrbane was true pope and who soeuer fought for any prouision but from Vrbane should be out of the Kings protection In the third yéere the Prelates and Clergie made a protestation against a certaine new graunt to wit their extortion But the King notwithstanding their protestation would not stay to graunt to his Iustices in all cases as was vsed to be doone in times past c. In the 4. yéere against the popes collectors that all priors aliens might be remooued and Englishmen placed in their roomes In the ninth yéere that redresse might be had against such religious persons as vnder licence to purchase 10. pound a yéere doo purchase 80. or an 100. That clerkes should pay to the king first fruites as they doo to the Pope The 11. yéere against impositions gathered of the popes Buls of Volumus Imponimus and that they might be bestowed vpon the kings wars against the Schismatikes of Scotland that such as bring into the realme such may be reputed for traitors In the 13. yéere that the Popes collector should be commanded to auoid the land within 40. daies or else to be taken for the kings enemy and that euery such collector from henceforth should be an Englishman and sworne to execute the statutes made in this parlement c. and in the 14 15 17 20 21 25. Decrées were made agaynst some one point or other of the Popes authoritie and power in England and abuses of the Clergie In the fiue and twentith yéere Thomas Arundell archb of Canterburie in the parlement was proued a traitor Tho. Arundell proued a traytor in that he procured the Earles of Arundell Warwicke
of Corpus Christi day béeing of the age of threescore yeeres and aboue About the same time diuerse others suffered trouble for the doctrine of the trueth as vnder Doctour London Maistresse Alice Dolie béeing accused of her mayde Elizabeth Wighthill for holding against Purgatorie agaynst Images for the articles of the Créede in English this was about 1520. Anno 1525. Frier Hackman for holding frée saluation by grace Anno 1525 Also Robert West priest of S. Andrewe vnder shaft for commending Martin Luther c. for which he was abiured ibid. Father wife and sisters against the Christians Anno 1530. Iohn Ribourne was accused by both his sisters his owne wife and of his owne father who were compelled by Iohn Longland Bishop of Lincolne to depose against him concerning meates Purgatorie pilgrimage prayer in the English tongue c. Iohn Eaton and Cecill his wife of the parish of Spure were detected by Richarde Ryburne for holding downe their heades at the sacring time and when the belles did ring at the feast of exaltation of the holie crosse betweene Mattines and Euensong for saying What a clampering of belles is here Tho. Lounde Thomas Lounde priest who had beene with Luther two yeeres béeing afterwarde cast in the Fleete at London was a great instructer of Iohn Ribourne afore mentioned At the same time vnder Iohn Longland Bishoppe of Lincolne Iohn Simonds was molested for denying Purgatorie for denying singlenes of priestes it was also testified against him that he conuerted eight priests had holpen two or thrée friers out of their orders Vnder the same Bishop about that time Abiured were these persons following examined excommunicated and abiured for being together in Iohn Taylors house of Hichenden and there hearing Nicholas Fielde of London to reade a parcell of Scripture in Englishe to them and expounde to them many thinges against images offerings prayer in the Latine tongue against the Sacraments of the Altar purgatorie c. Their names were these William Wingraue Thomas Haukes of Hichenden Robert Hawes of West Wickam Iohn Taylor Iohn Hawkes Thomas Herne of Colshill Nicholas Fielde Richard Deane Thomas Clarke the yonger William Hawkes of Chesham Vnder Iohn Longland Bishop of Lincolne Simon Wisdome of Burford was molested for the Gospell the Psalter the summe of holie Scripture in English so Iames Alger or Aliger because he sayde euerie Christian man liuing after the lawes of God is a Priest hee woulde no dole for his soule and denyed Purgatorie c. He had not of long time beene confessed and for denying the Priestes power of absolution with the other before was compelled to seeke reconcilement in the Church and to abiure the trueth Anno 1526. Pope Clement the seuenth absolueth the othe made of the French king to the Emperour and ioyneth together a confederacie of the Venetians and other Princes against the Emperour whereof the Duke of Burbone and other of the Emperours Captaynes hauing intelligence gathered their armies together and after muche fighting and bloudshed about Millan Hawde and Cremona at length they approched and bent their siege against Rome and after thrée sharpe assaults obtained the Cittie with the whole spoyle thereof Rome spoiled and the Pope taken prisoner Where he besieged the foresaied Pope with his Cardinals in the mount of Adrian and tooke him prisoner Anno 1527. In the Castell of saint Angell at which tyme Rome suffered more spoyle then of the Goathes and Vandalles the Souldiours that dayly laie at the siege of the Castell made iestes of the Pope Rimes made of the Pope sometime they had one riding like the Pope with a whore behinde him sometimes hée blessed and sometime he cursed and sometime they would with one voice call him Antechrist c. When the Cardinall Wolsey here in England heard how his father of Rome was taken prysoner he laboured to the Kinge to fight against the Emperour for the deliuerie of the Pope whiche the Kinge refused by his owne person or his people to doe but yéelded to the Cardinall of his treasure to take what himselfe thought conuenient who therevpon made out of the Kinges treasure twelue score thousand pounds 220000. li. out of the kings tresure to fight against the Emperour and caried it ouer the sea with him whiche when he came to the kinges court at Amiens he conuerted to the hiring of Souldiours and furnishing out the French kinges armie appointing also certaine Englishe Captaines in the king of Englands name to goe agaynst the Emperour to restore the Pope all whiche armie was paide with the kinge of Englandes mony The cause why the Cardinall bare the Emperour this malice after some wryters appeareth to be this At what tyme as Pope Clement was taken prysoner the Cardinall wrote vnto the Emperour that hée shoulde make him Pope but when he had receiued an aunswere that pleased him not he waxed furious madde and wrote manie menacing letters vnto the Emperour that if hee would not make him Pope hee woulde make suche a ruffeling betweene Christian princes as was not this hundred yéeres before Proude Prelats yea though it should cost the whole Realme of England Whose ambitious endeuour the king himselfe did also fauour as it appeareth by instructions giuen of the King to his Ambassadours at Rome to that effect that Wolsey might be placed in the papacie after the death of Pope Clement to the ende hée might compasse his cause of diuorce To the end the king might compasse his cause of diuorce While the Ambassadours were trauelling at Rome for the aduauncement of the Cardinall to bee Pope if Clement were dead hee played héere the Persecutour at home First hée caused Fryer Barnes an Augustine Fryer to beare a fagotte for certaine pointes which hée called heresie hée caused two marchauntes of the Still yeard to beare fagottes for eating fleshe on Friday This was about Anno 1526. Anno 1528. The Cardinall caused Arthur Bilney Geffery Lound and Garret to be abiured for speaking against the Popes authoritie and his pompous pride Anno 1529. The Cardinall was cast in a Premunire 1529 The proude Cardinal cast in a Premunire and execution performed vppon him hee forfeited all his Landes Tenementes goodes and cattell and should haue beene put out of the Kinges protection The K. gracious to the Cardinall but the king sent him a sufficient protection and of his gentlenesse lefte to him the Bishoprickes of Yorke and Winchester and gaue vnto him plate and stuffe conuenient for his degree Anno 1530. 1530. A Parliament In the moneth of Nouember was summoned a generall parliament to be holden at Westminster in which Syr Thomas Moore succeedeth in the Lorde Chauncelourship vnto the Cardinal The Commons in this Parliament propounded their griefes against the spiritualtie Griefe of the communalty against the spiritualtie which were especially sixe First the excessiue fynes that the Ordinaries tooke for probate of Testaments as a thousande markes
put downe in England In this Parlament also the decrées and prouinciall constitutions were committed to be examined of 32. persons chosen by the king out of the higher and lower house and at their discretions to be abrogated or to stande in strength Also it was decréed that the Cleargie of this Realme submitting themselues to the king should and did promise in verbo Sacerdotij neuer to assemble their Conuocations without the kings writte No Conuocations without the kings writ nor to enact or to execute such constitutions without his Royall assent Moreouer that no person should appeale prouoke or sue to the Court of Rome vnder paine of prouisures prouisure or premunire Item that no Annuales and first fruites of Bishops and Archbishops should be paid to Rome for any Bulles Bréeues Palles c. Item that the king should nominate the person to be elected into any Ecclesiasticall dignitie and so the Prior and Couent Deanrie Chapter of those Cathedrall Churches where the Seate was vacant by the vertue of the kings letters missiues shoulde within 12. dayes choose that person nominated by the king c. Moreouer it was decréed against all intollerable exactions of the Bishop of Rome in pensions Peterpence procurations fruites c. And finally in this Parlament it was consulted concerning the lawfull succession of the Crowne in ratifying it to the heires of the kings body and Q. Anne In which Parlament also the degrées of marriage were plainly set out according to the word of God Not long after the king required an oath of the Spiritualty to be made vnto him abolished that which they were woont to make to the Pope In which only they acknowledged the king to be Supreme head Which oath Sir Thomas Moore misliking was enforced to resigne vp his Chauncellorship The oath of the Cleargie to the Pope abolished Moore resignth the Chauncellourship and to deliuer vp the great Seale of England into the K. hands After whom succéeded Sir Th. Awdley knight who fauourably inclined to the doctrine of the Gospell Not long after the king procéeded to marrie the Ladie Anne Bulleine who was a speciall fauourer of the gospell The K. renoūceth the Pope and so was diuorced both from the Lady Dowager and the Pope together The Princesse Dowager after the diuorce procured from the Pope an interdictment of the king and the whole Realme Anno 1533. 1533. Lady Elizabeth borne Quéene Anne was crowned and not long after her coronation the 7 of September she was brought a bed and deliuered of a faire Ladie named at the Font Elizabeth the Archbishop of Caunterburie being Godfather and the olde Dutches of Norfolke and the olde Marchionesse of Dorcet widowes Godmothers After this the Monkes and Friers and other euill disposed persons feigned that God had reueyled to a Nunne Elizabeth Barton whom they called the holy maid of Kent The holy maid of Kent that if the king procéeded in that diuorce he should not be K. of this Realme one moneth after and in the reputation of God not one day nor houre This dissimulation was found out by the diligence of the Archbishoppe of Caunterburie the Lord Cromwell and Master Hugh Latimer and she condemned and put to death with certaine of her counsell in the moneth of Aprill anno 1533. as Henrie Golde Bacheler of diuinitie Richard Master Parson of Aldington Edwarde Bocking Monke of Caunterburie Iohn Dearing Monke of Caunterburie Hugh Ritch Frier Warden of the Graye friers of Caunterburie Richarde Risbie attaint of treason by acte of Parlament and so put to death Others of the same conspiracie as Fisher bishop of Rochester Thomas Golde Thomas Laurence Edward Thwates Iohn Adeson and Thomas Abell being conuicte and attainted of mesprision were condemned to prison and forfeyted their goods and possessions to the king This yere 1533. one Pauier or Pauie Towneclarke of the Citie of London a notorious enemy of Gods trueth and a verie busie fellow about the burning of Rich. Bayneham hanged himselfe Gods iudgement he saide rather than he woulde sée the scripture in English to be read of the people he would cutte his owne throate but hee made his choise rather of an halter About this time also died Doctor Foxforde Chauncellour to the B. of London a common butcher of Gods saints who was the condemner of all those which were put to death troubled or abiured vnder Stokesley throughout all the Dioces of London He died sitting in his chaire sodainlie his belly being burst his guttes falling out before him About the same time also died Wil. Warham Archbishop of Canterburie whom succeeded Th. Cranmer Tho. Cranmer Archbishop of Canterburie This yere at Dunkirke in Flaunders a writte of Excommunication was set vp against the king for the diuorce which beeing knowen vnto the king hee caused to be discharged a great sort of the princesse Dowagers seruaunts and they that remained still were sworne to serue her as a Princesse onely and not as Quéene and because she refused to be serued of such she remained with a very few liuing after this sort the space of two yéeres An. 1534. Vpon the iij. of February the parliament was assembled againe wherein was made an act of succession whereto euery person should be sworne Preaching against the popes supremacie During this parlament time euery Sunday preached at Paules crosse a bishop which declared the pope not to be head of the Church Iohn Fisher bishop of Rochester sir Thomas Moore and Doctor Nicholas Wilson parson of S. Thomas Apostles in London refused the oath to the Act of succession made then wherfore they were sent to the Tower In the end the Doctor was content to dissemble the matter and so escaped but the other two remained obstinate The third of Nouember this parliament was again assembled in which the Pope and Cardinals with his pardons and indulgences were wholly abolished The Popes pardons wholly abolished to the abolishing whereof and to the ratifying of the kings title of supreme head Stephen Gardiner gaue his othe so did Iohn Stokesley B. of London likewise Edward Lee Archbishop of Yorke Cuthbert B. of Duresme and all the rest of the Bishops in like sort to this title agréed also the sentence of the Vniuersitie of Cambridge Also Ed. Bonner then Archdeacon of Leicester Gardiners booke de obedientia with Bonners notes was of the same iudgemēt and prefixed his preface to Steuen Winchesters booke de obedientia of the same argument To this also agreed the whole Cleargie of the Church of England and subscribed with the handes of the Bishoppes and other learned men to the number of 46. doctors of diuinitie and of both lawes Anno 1535. Fisher the Bishop of Rochester and Sir Thomas Moore were executed for refusing the oath of supremacie which all the other Bishoppes and Cleargie yéelded vnto one was executed the xxij of Iune the other the vj. of Iulie The ruine of Religious houses
the time of Licinius till Iohn Wickliffe was bound vp Sathan bound vp til Wicliffe Constantine deferred baptisme till his old age because he determined a iourney into Persia and thought in Iordan to haue béene baptized He entered into the Empire Anno 311. and raigned 30. yéeres as Letus saith 32. lacking two moneths Constantine borne in England Helena daughter of king Coilus Constantines mother He was borne in Brytaine His mothers name was Helena daughter of king Coilus He greatly trauelled for the peace of Christians and before hée had conquered Licinius wrote to his subiects inhabiting the East in their fauour He set also peace among the Bishops in the Church who were at dissention and made prouision for ministers and teachers of the people and caused all to be restored vnto the Christians that had béene taken from them in the persecutions Constantine a father of the Church writing to Syluius his chiefe Captaine to that end and commaunded him that in Affrica where he had to doo and where Cecilianus was bishop that Clarkes and ministers should be freed from all manner publike duties burthens He was greatly studious in taking vp causes among the bishops and wrote to that end to diuers as to Miltiades bishop of Rome to Crescēs bishop of Siracusa to Cecilianus bishop of Carthage also to Eusebius for the edifying of new Churches And after he had gathered the Nicene Councell Nicene councell for the vnitie of the Church he writeth to Alexander and Arrius to the same entent He prescribed a certaine prayer for euery one of his souldiers in stead of a brief Catechisme caused them to learne the same Constantine teacheth his souldiers a prayer which is this Wée acknowledge thée onely to be our God we confesse thée onely to be our king we call vpon thée our onely helper by thée we obtaine our victories by thée we vanquish our enemies to thée we attribute whatsoeuer commodities we presently enioy and by thée we hope for good things to come vnto thée we direct all our suits and peticions most humbly beséeching thée to kéepe Constantine our Emperour and his noble children to continew in long life and to giue them victory ouer all their enimies through Christ our Lord. Amen He graunted great immunities to the ministers that they might appeale from the ciuil iudge to their bishop Appeale granted by Constantine whose sētence was of as great value in such cases as if the Emperour himselfe had pronounced it He prouided also maintenance for liberall artes and sciences for the professors Prouision for learning their wiues and children and gaue thē great immunities He wrote also to Eusebius the B. of Nicomedia to procure 50. volumes of parchment wel boūd and cause to be written out of the scripture therein in a legeable hand The scriptures written for the vse of the church such things as were profitable for the instruction of the Church and allowed him two ministers for the businesse Finally he was a father to the Church and enforced himselfe euery way to set forth the Gospel and euery good thing and endeuoured to suppresse the contrary Constantine baptised a little before his death He was baptised at Nicomedia of Eusebius Bishoppe of Nicomedia in the 31. yéere of his raigne a little before his death The end of the ten persecutions The rest of this history concerneth chiefly the affaires of the Church of England and Scotland The rest of this history concerneth chiefly England and Scotland England receiued the Gospel in Tyberius time GIldas affirmeth that Britain receiued the Gospel in the time of Tiberius the Emperor vnder whom Christ suffred and that Ioseph of Arimathea after the dispersiō of the Iews was sent of Philip the apostle out of France into Britain ann 63. And here remained al his time and laid the foundation of the Gospel Easter kept in England after the maner of the East church The Gospel came into Enland from the Cast and not from Rome In the time of Bede almost a thousand yeeres after Christ as he testifieth Easter was kept after the manner of the East Church in the full moone what day of the wéeke soeuer it fell and not on the sunday as we doe now Wherby it may appeare that the preaching of the Gospell came into this land from the East and not from Rome About the yéere 180. King Lucius sonne of Coilus king of Britains which now are called English men hearing of the miracles done by Christians in diuers places K. Lucius the first Christian K. of England Fugatius and Damianus at that time wrote to Eleutherius B. of Rome to receiue of him the Christian faith who sent him therevpon certain preachers Fugatius or by some Faganus and Damianus or Dimianus which conuerted first the king and the people of Britain and baptized them and subuerted the temples and monuments of idolatrie And the 28 Flamines they turned to bishops and thrée Achflamines to thrée Archbishops hauing their seates in thrée head cities London Yorke and Glamorgantia by Wales This king also sent to him for the Romane lawes to frame his people therafter who answered that the lawes of God was to be his direction for lawes and not the Romanes that might be reproued the other being without exception Thus was the Christian faith confirmed in this lande by the meanes of Eleutherius Eleutherius and therein it continued two hundred and sixtéene yeres till the comming of the Pagane Saxons King Lucius raigned 77. yeres and died without issue the yere of our Lord 201. the xiiij yere after his baptisme some say the iiij and some the tenth and was buried at Glocester By reason that the king died without issue the Lande was spoyled and the Romanes inuaded and became sometimes masters When they raigned Gentilisme was aduaunced and when the Britaines the Gospell Albeit no persecution touched the Britaines that is read of Almost all Christianitie destroyed in England before the last persecution of Dioclesian and Maximinianus Herculeus At which time all Christianitie was almost in the whole land destroyed Now the Britanes being greatly distressed and brought to miserie the Archbishop of London called Gnetelinus procured helpe out of lesse Britanie and brought ouer Constantinus the kings brother by whose meanes the state of Religion and Common-wealth was in some quiet all the time of Constantine and the Archbishop till Vortiger cruellie caused his Prince to be slaine and inuaded the Crown Gnetelinus Archb. of London And fearing the other two brethren of Constantine his Prince Aurelius and Vter in litle Britaine he caused aide to be sent for to the Saxons being then Infidels and married him selfe also with Rowen an Infidel the daughter of Hengist Which Hengist depriued him and his people and droue the Britaines out of their Countrey after that the Saxons had slaine of their Nobles two hundred thrée score and eleuen some say foure
should extend ouer them of Britaine The ninth containeth diuers points whether a woman with child ought to be baptized after she hath had a childe whether she ought to enter the Churche c To which all Gregorie maketh answere with resolution Nowe Gregory after he had sent these resolutions sendeth mo coadiutors and helpers as Mellitus Iustus Paulinus and Ruffianus with bookes and such other things as he thought necessary for the Church He sendeth also to Austen a Pall with letters A Pall from Rome containing an order betwéen the two Metropolitane seates of London and Yorke Notwithstāding he graunteth to Austen during his life to be the onely chiefe Archbishop in all the lande and after his time that to returne againe to London and Yorke Hee sendeth also another letter to Mellitus willing him to let the Idolatrous temple stand and alter the vse He admonisheth Austen also not to be puffed vp with pride for his working of miracles Moreouer he wrote to king Ethelbert willing him to continue constant and sendeth him presents Now Austen of a monke being made an Archbishop after he had baptized a great part of Kent made two Archbishops by the commandement of Gregorie Mellitus Mellitus was specially sent to the East Saxons in the prouince of Essex where afterward he was made B. of London vnder Sigebert K. of Essex which Sigebert together with his vncle Ethelbert first built the Church of S. Paul in London and appointed it to Mellitus for his Bishops seat Austen associate with this Mellitus and Iustus through the helpe of Ethelbert assembled the Doct. of Britain in a place which taking the name of Austen is called Austens oake Austens oake In which assembly he charged the Bishops to preach with him to the English men the word of God to baptise after the maner of Rome Brittains and Scots refuse the Easter of Rome kéep Easter after the same maner which the Britains Scots refused to doe Then he gathered another synode to the which came 7. bish of Britons with the wisest men of that famous abbey of Bangor Abbey of Bangor who first taking counsel of an holy wise mā were aduised that if he were humble thē to agrée vnto him Austens pride offendeth the Britains as the seruant of God The B. thus counselled entred into the counsel Austen after the Romane manner kepeth his chaire of pride wherat after some heat of words the Brittains disdaining departed To whō thē Austen spake and said that if they woulde not take peace with their brethren they should receiue warres of their enimie c. 1100. monks of Bangor slaine Which not long after fell out according as he had said for Ethelfride being yet a pagane slue 1100. monks of the Abbey of Bangor which consisted of 2100. monkes that liued with the sweat of their brows that came to Chester praied and fasted thrée daies for the good successe of Brockmayl against the Saxons Whereat Ethelfride being offēded slue 1100 only 50. fled away They came to their chiefe Gouernour one named Dinoe Dinoe This Ethelfride was afterwarde slaine of the christian king Edwin who succéeded him as he had slaine the Christians before which was 610. Austen after that he had baptised a thousand Christians of Saxons in one day in the West riuer that is called Swold beside Yorke on Christmas day hee perceyuing his ende to drawe neere Gregorie dieth ordained Laurentius Laurentius to rule after him the Archb. Sea of Canterbury In the meane season about this time died Gregorie of whom it is said that of all the Bish that were afore him he was the basest of al that came after him the best About which time died also in Wales Dauid Archb. of Kaerleion who then translated the sea frō thēce to Meuenia therfore is called Dauid of Wales Not long after this also died Austen Austen dieth after he had set 15. or 16. yéeres This Gregory denied any B. to be lawfully called vniuersal bish declaring that he that shold take that vpon him is the forerunner of Antichrist For this matter hee had much adoo with the Emperour and Patriarch of Constantinople who was extolled by Mauricius to the Patriarchie of Alexandria and would be called vniuersall Patriarke of Alexandria would be vniuersall Patriarch Strife about Primacy requiring the Emperour that hée would obtaine Gregories consent herein but Gregory refused so to doo wherevpon grewe greate troubles to Gregory that purchased thereby the displeasure of the Emperour This Gregory brought in the title among the Romaine bishops to be called Seruus seruorum Dei The title Seruus seruorum Dei Sabinianus first vniuersall Bishop After Gregory succéeded Sabinianus a malitious detractor of Gregory and his workes He continued scarse two yéeres after whome succéeded Bonifacius the third who raigned but one yere yet did much hurt he obtained of Phocas the wicked Emperour that he and his succcessos Phocas giueth first title of vniuersal bishop should be called vniuersal Bishops and head of the rest This Phocas to obtaine the empire killed his maister Mauritius and his children but he was rewarded thereafter For hauing his hands and féete cut of by Heraclius that succeded him he was cast into the sea King Ethelbert did many Christian actes Ethelb dieth and died when he had raigned 56. yéeres ann 616. whom stories say to be slaine in a fight betwéene him and Ethelfride the king of the North Saxons who also after he had raigned foure and twentie yéeres was slaine in the field of Edwin that sucded in Northumberland after him This Edwin the sonne of Alba was conuerted by Paulinus and was the first christian K. of Northumberland although his wife were a Christian woman K. Ethelbertes daughter Who although he was much laboured with by his wife yet was he hard to be woon to the faith till a certaine trouble fell vpon him which was the cause of his calling for his death being conspired by the K. of Westsaxons Quincelinus with Kinegilsus his brother he was woūded by one that was suborned to kill him About whitsontide after the K. assēbled his host entended to make war against them vowed to Christ if he would giue him victory that he would be christened and in token therof caused his daughter borne of Edelburgh the same Easterday when he was wounded named Eufled to be baptized with twelue other of his familie by Paulinus So he obtained the victory and yet with much adoo forsooke his Mahometrie at the preaching of Paulinus and denied to be christened till a time after This Edwin before he maried the daughter of Ethelbert fell into some displeasure with him and fled to Redwald king of the East Angles which Redwald being corrupted intended to betray him wherefore being pensiue and not hauing whether to fly there appeared suddenly to him a straunger who said vnto him with other spéeches wilt
and raigne of these 4. king of Northumberland king Iua raigned in West saxe who succéeding Cadwallader the last king of the Britains begā his raign ann 689. and raigned with great valiantnes ouer the West Saxons the terme of 37. yéeres About the 16. yere of the raign of this Iua or Iue Etheldred king of Mercia after he had raigned there 30. yéeres was made a monke after an abbot of Bardney About the 18. yéere of the raigne of Iua King Iua made a monke and after an abbot died the learned worthy bish Aldelmus Aldelmus first abbot of Malmesburie afterward B of Schirburne He was next vnto Bede in learning and vertue he wrote diuers Epistles and Poems The sea of Schirburn was afterward vnited to the sea of Winton Moreouer about the 25. yéere of Iua died S. Iohn of Beuerley then Bishop of Yorke Iohn of Beuerley and was buried at the porche of the minster of Beuerley In the time of this foresaide Iua The right obseruing of Easter now first receiued of Picts and Brittaines beganne the right obseruing of Easter day to be kept of the Picts and Brittains in the obseruing of which day thrée things are chiefly necessarie 1. The full moone of the moneth of March 2. The Dominicall letter 3. The equinoctial daies It tooke place through the busie trauel of Theodorus Cuthlacus but namely of Egbert whom they termed the holie monke and of Colefride abbot of Serwin in Northumberland who wrote to Narranus or Naivnus the king of the Pictes about the same who also wrote amōg other things of the shauē crowns Shauen crownes of priests saying it was as necessarie for their vowe for restraint of their lustes as it is for anye Christian man to blesse him against spirites when they come vppon him The letter is very ridiculous notwithstanding being read before king Naiton he rose from among his noble men and gaue thanks to God for the aduise of shauing knéeling on the ground The K. thanketh God for the priests shauen crownes and caused it to bee obserued among his people defacing the errors that had bin vsed the space of 404. yéeres Now when king Iua had ruled the West Saxōs 37. yéers he was perswaded by Ethelburga his wife to go to Rome there to be made a mōk Which hauing lōg time before persuaded not preuailing she caused the faire palace of the king where they had bin the day before The deuise of Ethelburga the Queene to be filled full of dung hogges vile beasts to be laid in the chiefe chambers in their own chamber a sow to be laid with her yong pigges and bringing the king thither againe within a while therevpon declared vnto him the vanity of this life and perswaded him to be a monke Wherevpon shortly after he resigned his kingdome to Ethelardus his nephewe and in great deuotion went to Rome after he had raigned seuen thirty yeres after whose departing Ethelburga his wife went vnto Barking The Q becommeth an Abbesse seuen miles from London where in the Nunry of Barking before founded of Erkenwald she continued ended the rest of her life when shee had continued Abbas of the place a certaine time This Iua was the first king that graunted a penny for euery fire house through his dominion to be paid vnto the Court of Rome which after was called Rome scotte or Peter pence and long after was paid in manie places of England Peter-pence Iua was the first of Saxon kings that set foorth lawes to his countrie to the number of 80. and odde Next vnto Osoricus king of Northumberland followed Celulfus Celulfus a learned king Diuers learned men flourish Bedaes Anglorum historia whō he had adopted brother to Kenred This Celulfus as hée was learned so in his time diuers learned men flourished in England among whom was Beda who vnto the same king Celulfus offered his historie intituled Anglorum historia not onely to be ratified but also to bee amended by his learning and knowledge Beda Beda was an Englishman a Priest and of the Monasterie of Peter and Paul at Wire and was borne in the same Territorie About the xix yere of his age he was made a Deacon and the xxx a Priest From which time til the age of lix he occupied himselfe in wryting Treatises and interpreting of Scriptures which rose to the number of xxxvij Volumes which he digested into xxviij Bookes This Beda for the same of his learning was sent for by Pope Sergius who wrote vnto Chelfride the Abbot of Wire to send him vnto him He liued in trauel of studie till the age of lxij yeres At length drawing to his ende being sick vij wéekes together besides other occupyinges of his minde and studies which he did not intermitte Beda translated the gospel of Iohn into English he translated the Gospel of Saint Iohn into English So he died pronouncing very many comfortable wordes to those that stoode round about him vpon Ascension day in the same yere that Nothelinus was restored to the Archbishoprick of Canterburie This Celulfus king of Northumberlande before mentioned after he had reigned viij yeres was made a Monke in the Abbey of Farne otherwise called Lincolne or holy Iland Where by his meanes licence was geuen vnto the monks of that house only to drink wine or ale which before The K. made a Monke by the institution of Aidanus before mētioned drank nothing but milke and water After whom succeeded Egbert his cosin brother to Egbert the same time Bishop of York which brought againe thether the Pall that his Predecessors had forgone since the time of Paulinus who left that Sea and fled to Rochester The said Egbert also erected a noble Librarie in Yorke whose example I would other Bishops now would follow A noble Librarie in Yorke by a Bishop About the beginning of Egberts reigne was Cutbert Archb. of Canterburie who conuented a great Synode of Bishops and Prelates in the yere of our Lorde 747. in the moneth of September néere to the place called Clonesho in the which Synode assembled these articles were enacted First that Bishops should be more diligent in looking to their office admonishing the people of their faults 2. That they should liue in a peaceable mind one with another 3. That euerie Bishop once in a yere should goe about all the Parishes of his Dioces 4. That the Bishops should admonish their Abbots and Monkes to liue regularly and that Prelates should not oppresse their inferiors but loue them 5. That they should teach the Monasteries which the Secular men had inuaded and could not be taken from them to liue regularlie 6. That none should be admitted to orders before his life were examined 7. That in Monasteries the reading of holy Scriptures should be more frequented 8. That Priestes should be no disposers of secular busines 9. That they should take
of his raigne notwithstanding many troubles he builded the colledge of Canons at Exeter and was buried at the Abbey of Winburne or Woburne After whose decease for lacke of issue the land fell to his brother Alured or Alfred ann 872. who first of the English kings Alfred of the English K. taketh his vnctiō from the Pope tooke his crowne and vnction of Pope Leo at Rome Hee after great alteration and diuers troubles forced the Danes to séeke for peace which was concluded vpon certaine couenants wherof one and the principall was that Gutrum their K. should be christened The other that such as would not be christened should depart the Realme Vpon these couenants Gutrum comming to Winchester The king of the Danes christened was there christened with xx of his great Nobles To the which Gutrū K. Alured being his Godfather at the baptisme named him Athelstane and gaue him diuers Countreys as of East-anglia conteyning Norfolke and Suffolke and part of Cambridgeshire and graunted to the Danes that were christened the Countrey of Northumberland the rest voyding the land Athelstane raigned xi or xij yeres Alfred buylded diuers houses of Religion as the house of Nunnes at Shaftesburie and the religious houses at Etheling Also another at Winchester named the new Monasterie and endued richly the Church of Saint Cutbert at Durham Hee sent also into India to pay and performe his vowes to saint Thomas of India which he promised in the time of his distresse against the Danes After hee had reigned nine and twentie yeres and sixe monethes he changed this mortall life and deuided his goods into two equall partes the one to vses secular the other to vses Ecclesiasticall Of the which the first he deuided into thrée portions the first for behoofe of his familie the second vpon his buildings the third vpon strangers The other second into foure partes the one to the reliefe of the poore Alfred a notable king an other to monasteries the third to the Schooles of Oxford for the maintening of good letters the fourth he sent to forraine Churches without the Realme He deuided the day and the night into thrée partes Eight houres if he were not let by warres A notable spēding of the time by the king and other affaires hée spent in studie and learning Other eight in praier almes déedes And the other eight in natural rest sustenance of his bodie and néedes of the Realme He especially prouided against robbing and théeues by seuere execution In such sorte that he caused to be set vp through his Dominion gilded brooches and none so hardie neither by day nor night to take them downe His vertues were many he was learned wise religious and valeaunt especiallie about the West part of the land he erected Schooles and mainteyned Students although among the Britaines in the towne of Chester in Southwales long before that in the time of King Arthure as Galfridus wryteth both Grāmer and Philosophie with the tongues were taught In the time of Egbert king of Kent some writers affirme that this land began to flourish with Philosophie About which time also some thinke that the Vniuersity of Grantchester néere to that which is now called Cambridge began to be founded by Beda Grantchester founded by Beda following this coniecture therein for that Alcuinus who went to Rome and from thence into Fraunce in the time of Charles the great where he first began the Vniuersitie of Paris was first traded vp in the same Schoole of Grantchester Paris began from Grantchester Bed lib. 3. cap. 18. writing also of Sigebert king of the East-angles declared how Sigebert returning out of Frāce into Englād according to the examples which he did there sée ordered and disposed Schooles of learning through the meanes of Felix then Bishoppe and placed in them Teachers after the manner of the Cantuarites And yet before these times it is thought there were two Schooles or Vniuersities within the Realme the one for Gréek at the town of Greglade which was after called Kirklade the other for Latine which was then called Latinlade afterward Lethelade néere to Oxford Alfrede very learned This King Alfrede was eleuen yeres of age before hee began to learne Letters hauing to his Master Pleimundus afterwarde made Bishoppe of Canterburie and grew so in knowledge that he trāslated diuers latin works as Orosius Pastorale Gregorij the histories of Bede Boetius de Consolat philosophiae also an Enchiridion of his owne making He compiled also an Historie in the Saxon tongue called the historie of Alfred He suffered no man to aspire to any dignitie in his Court except he were learned and caused all his Nobles to set their children to learning if they had no sonnes then their seruaunts He began also to translate the Psalter into English The Psalter translated by king Alfred and had almost finished the same had not death preuented him These endeuours he tooke in hand that the English nation might be furnished with knowledge which was decayed before by the innumerable volumes burned by the Danes The king carefull to furnish the land with knowledge He vsed chiefly the wise counsell of Neotus Neotus who was counted then an holy man and was Abbot of a certaine monastery of Cornewall by whose aduise hée sent for Grimbaldus a learned monke out of Fraunce and for Asserion an other learned man out of Wales whome hée made Bishop of Schireborne also out of Mercia hée sent for Werefrithus Bishop of Worcester to whom hée put the Dialogues of Gregory to be trāslated By the aduisement of Neotus he ordained certaine schooles of diuerse artes first at Oxford and fraunchised the same with many great Libraries Moreouer besides other learned men which were about Alfred histories make mention of Iohannes Scotus Iohannes Scotus a godly deuine and a learned Philosopher but not that Scotus whō we call Duns who came after this many yéeres This Iohannes Scotus at the request of Carolus Caluus the French king translated the booke of Dyonisius intituled De Hierarchia out of Gréeke into Latine word by word Hée wrote also a booke De corpore sanguine Domni which was after condemned by the Pope Scotus booke De Corpore condemned In concilio Vercellensi He wrote also a booke De naturae diuisione wherein he accorded not with the Romish religion whervpon the Pope writing to Charles of this Scotus complained of him so he was constrained to remoue out of France and came into Engl. to Alured as some say by the letters of Alfred of whō he had great intertainment till he went to Malmesburie where he was slaine of his owne schollers whō he taught with their penkniues Scotus slaine of his scholers King Alfred had by his wife two sonnes Edward and Ethelward and thrée daughters Elflena Ethelgora Ethelginda which all he caused to be instructed in learning Edward succéeded in the kingdome Ethelward died before
of our Lady Item all such of the clergie as had wiues should be depriued of orders Item Lawfull for subiects to breake their oth of allegiance that it might be lawfull for al subiects to breake their oth of allegiance with such as the pope had excōmunicated c. The K. after he had deteined the archbishoprike of Canterbury in his owne hands thrée yéeres gaue it to Anselmus abbot of Beck in Normandy which he was so vnwilling to take that the King had much adoo to thrust it vpon him The citie of Canterbury giuen to the Archbishop and was so desirous he should haue it that he gaue vnto him wholly the citie of Canterburie about the yéere 1093. But afterward there fell such dissention betwixt them that the king sought all meanes to put him out againe for that he required of Anselmus in gentle manner that such landes of the Church of Canterburie as the king had giuen to his friendes since the death of Lanfranke might so remaine whereto Anselme refusing to agrée Anselme the Archb. against the king moued the King with displeasure against him and therevpon he did a great while stop his consecration By reason of the contention at Rome betwixt the two Popes Vrbanus and Clemens 3. there grew diuision some holding with one some with the other England tooke part with Clemens 3. but Anselme against the K. the rest stuck to Vrbanus Vrbane and Clemēt popes at strife and required of the king leaue to fetch his pall of Vrbanus which when he could not at the first obtaine he appealeth to the pope contrary as the K. said to his fealty Betwixt thē there was much reasoning debate about the matter but in conclusion none of his fellow Bishops durst take his part but were all against him especially William B. of Duresme In the meane season the king had sent two messengers to Vrbane for the pall to bestow where he would who returned and brought with them Gualtar B. of Albane the Popes Legate with the pall to be giuen to Anselme Which Legate so perswaded the king that Vrbane was receiued Pope through the whole land and after the king had receiued the pall there went vnto Anselme certaine declaring the paines and charges the king was at in procuring the pall The king faine to relent to the Archbishop willed him somewhat to relent vnto him which he notwithstanding in no case would yéeld vnto so the king was compelled to yeeld vnto him the full right of the sea But afterward grewe great displeasure betwixt them so so that Anselme went to appeale to Rome where he remained in exile notwithstanding Vrbane wrote in his behalfe to the King that set light by the Popes letters and suite therein A Councell Wherevpon the pope promised at the next Councell at Baron to take order for the matter where Anselme beyng present was called for and first sitting in an vtterside of the Bishops afterward was placed at the right foote of the Pope with these wordes Includamus hunc in orbe nostro The Archb. of Canterburie called the pope of England tanquam alterius orbis Papam Whervpon that same seat was appointed afterward to the sea of Canterburie in euery generall Councell In this Councell great stur was against the Grecians about the procéeding of the holy ghost Which gréeke church differed from the Latine in 20. or 29. articles First 29. articles of controuersy betwixt the church of Rome and the Greeke Church The Latines holdē for excōmunicates that they are not vnder the sea of Rome 2. That the sea of Rome hath not greater power then the 4. patriarkes and whatsoeuer the pope doth beside their knowledge or without their approbation is of no value 3. That whatsoeuer hath béen cōcluded since in the second general councel is of no authority sufficient because from that time they recount the Latines to be excluded out of the Church 4. They deny the reall presence consecrate in leuened bread 5. Also at the words of baptism they say Let this creature be baptized in the name of the father sonne holy Ghost c. 6. They deny purgatory account the suffrages of the dead of no value 7 That the soules after death haue neither their perfect paine nor glorie but are reserued in a certaine place till the day of iudgement 8. They condemne the Church of Rome for mixing colde water in their Sacrifice 9. They condemne the Church of Rome saying they admit aswell women as men in baptisme to annoint children on both shoulders 10. Also they call our bread Panagia 11. They blame the Romish church for celebrating masse on any other daies saue sundaies and certaine other feast daies 12. The Gréek hath neither creame nor oile nor sacrament of confirmation 13. Neither do they vse extreme vnction expounding the place of S. Iames of spiritual infirmity 14. They enioyne no satisfaction for penaunce 15. They consecrate for the sicke onely on maundy Thurseday keeping it for the whole yéere after neither doe they fast any Saturday through the yéere but onely on Easter euen 16. They giue onely but fiue orders as Clearkes Subdeacons Deacons Priests and Bishops the Romans giuing nine 17. They make no vow of chastity 18. Euery yéere the Grecians vse vpon certaine daies to excommunicat the Church of Rome The Romans euery yeere solemnly excommunicated of the Greekes and all Latines as heretikes 19 They excommunicat him that striketh a Priest neither doe they liue vnmarried 20. Their Emperour disposeth of ecclesiasticall matters of gouernment according to his owne pleasure 21. They eate flesh egges chéese on Friday 22. They hold against the Latines for celebrating without the consecrated church for fasting on the Sabboth day for permitting menstruous women to enter into the church before their purifying for suffering dogges and other beasts to enter into the church 23. The Grecians vse not to knéele in al their deuotions not to the Eucharist sauing one day in the yéere 24. They permit not the Latines to celebrate vpon their altars which if they doe they by and by wash the altar and when they celebrate they say but one Lyturgy or masse vpon one altar that day 25. They dissent in the maner of the procéeding of the holy Ghost c. Now in the counsel aforesaid among other pointes the procéeding of the holy ghost celebrating with leauened bread was debated concerning the which Anselme did behaue himself greatly to the mind of the pope after lōg reasoning of matters betwixt the churches the pope thundereth out excommunication against the Gréekes The Pope excommunicated the Greekes and their adherents was ready also to procéed to the sentence of excommunication against the king of England for Anselmus sake had not Anselme himselfe knéeling down obtained for him longer time of further trial Whervpon the counsel brake vp the Pope directeth his letters to the K.
where Tho appeared not but sente another This the king tooke in great displeasure and laid diuers actions against him of reconings c. The other Bishops endeuoured to perswade Thomas to consider what he did and not to stande so stiflie against the king others encouraged him and at last they agréed with common consent to cite him vp to Rome vpon periurie and appointed him his daye of appearance Which when the Archbishop heard he also sent to Rome to whom the Pope directeth againe his letters of comfort that made Becket still to hold himselfe stout against the King who was so incensed against him that if he had not fledde the Court he had béene laid in prison Becket flieth and turneth his name to Derman for not answering to certaine accompts the king had to charge him withall But he sped him away changing his name and calling himselfe Derman and taking shippe at Sandwich fled into Flanders from thence to Ludouicus the French king who notwithstanding Letters and request to the contrarie gaue him entertainment and wrote to the Pope in his behalfe and although the K. had sent vnto him Ambassadors Robert Archbishoppe of Yorke with other Bishoppes and Nobles requiring him to deale otherwise thorow the French Kings letters did wholy encline to Becket But forasmuch as he could not be placed as yet in England the Pope sendeth him in a monks habite to the Abbey of Pontiniake in Fraunce where hée remayned two yeares And from thence he remoued to Senon B. in exile seuen yeres where he abode fiue yeres So his exile continued in all seuen yeres Now the king vnderstanding of the Popes fauor toward Becket sayling out of England into Normandie directeth ouer certaine Iniunctions against the Pope and the Archbishop of Canterburie Besides an 1166. it was set foorth by the kings Proclamation that all manner of persons both men women of Beckets kinred Beckets kinred banished should be banished without carrying away any penyworth of their goods Hee sent also to Guarrin the Abbot of Pontiniakes threatning him that if he would not put away Tho. hee would driue out of his Realme all the Monkes of his order Whereupon Becket was faine to depart to Lewes the French king who placed him at Senon and there found him the space of fiue yeares In which time of his absence he wrought all hee might against the king and those that he knew did not fauour him diuers letters passed to and from Becket to the Pope the king very seditious rebellious Frō which dealing a very pithie letter written by the Suffraganes of the Church of Canterburie could nothing perswade him but prouoked him very sharply to replie against them He reiected also the letters of the Empresse that endeuored to perswade him After these letters sent to and fro anno 1169. the King fearing least the Archbishoppe should procéede against his owne person by excommunication made his appeale to the Pope The K. feareth Becket whereupon he sent two Cardinals Guilielmus and Otho o take vp the matter at Grisorsium in Fraunce but it came to no conclusion Where William requiring Becket for the peace of the Church which hée pretended to resigne his Bishoprike so that the King would giue ouer his customes answered that the proportion was not like saying that hée sauing the honour of his Church and person could not so doo but the king Because the Pope had cōdemned them it stood on his soules health to renounce those ordinances and customes because the Pope had condemned them After the Cardinals were returned the French king also thought to haue preuayled with Thomas and laboured to perswade him but could not Thomas alwaies adding his obedience Saluo honore Dei very captiously that he might thereby make escape if néede were wherewith the King was greatly displeased After this there fell other displeasure betwixt them Anno 1170. And the sixtéenth yere of the Kings raigne at which time hée kept his Parlement at Westminster hée caused his sonne Henry to be crowned King with consent of Lordes Spirituall and Temporall which Coronation was doone by the handes of Robert Archbishop of Yorke with assistance of other Bishopses whereat Becket tooke great displeasure because hée was not called for and complayned thereof to the Pope at whose instaunce the Pope sent downe sentence of excommunication against the Archbishop and London Salisbury Duresme and Rochester that were doers with him in the Coronation and sendeth also two Legates the Archb. of Rhothomage and the Archb. of Nauerne with full commission either to driue the King to reconciliation or to interdict him by the Popes censure out of the Church wherevpon the king at last through the mediation of the French king and diuerse prelates great Princes was content to yéeld to reconciliation but would not graunt him his possessions and landes of his church before he repaired into England The king yeeldeth to Becket and should shew how peaceably he would agrée with the kings subiects This peace being thus cōcluded Thomas after 6. yéers of his banishment returned and was commanded of the yoong king to kéepe his house The Bishops before excommunicated required absolution of him but hée would not graunt therevnto simply without cauteles so they cōplained to the king who tooke it heauenly lamented oft sundry times that none would reuenge him of his enemy which certaine to the number of 4. hearing prepared themselues came into England out of Normandie about Christmasse time repaired to Thomas commanded him in the kings name to come to the yoong K. to doo his duty to him to restore the bishops whom he had excōmunicated for the kings coronatiō which Thomas would not grant vnto touching the absolutiō referring it to the pope who had excōmunicated thē In the end so disorderly Thomas behaued himselfe that they said he had spoken against his owne head and rushed out of the dores cōmaunding the monks to kéepe him forth comming What quoth Thomas thinke you I will fly away nay neither for the K. nor for any man will I stir one foote frō you and so cried after them Foure armed men kill Thomas Becket here here shall you find me laying his hand vpon his crowne The 4. whose names were Reynold Bereson Hugh Morteuill Wil. Thracy Richard Brito went to harnesse themselues returned the same day slue Becket méeting him about euēsong time with his crosse in his hand euery one striking him with his sword into the head they after fled into the North at length with much adoo The murtherers do penāce hauing obtained their pardon of the pope went to Ierusalem in linnen clothes barefoote fasting and praying whereof in few yéeres after they died Anno 1220. There was a question as saith Cesarius the monke at Paris whether Becket were saued or damned Roger a Normand holding against him Whether Becket were saued or damned
exchange for the holie crosse and certaine other of the christian captiues After this King Richard purposed to besiege the City of Ioppe where by the way betwéene Ioppe and Achon néere to a towne called Ashur Saladine put to flight Saladin encountring the king was put to flight and the chase followed thrée miles by the christians so that he had not such a losse in 40. yeres before and but one Christian captaine called Iames Auernus in that conflict was ouerthrown From thence king Richard went to Ioppe then to Ascalon where he foūd Ioppe forsaken Ascalon thrown to the ground and the whole land of Syria forsaken throughout all which countrey the king had frée passage without resistance In the meane space of the kings absence William B. William ruffleth in the kings absence the B. of Ely ruffled and began to suspend the Canons Clearks vicars of the church as of S. Peter in Yorke because they receiued him not with procession Vnder which interdiction he held them til they were fain at last to to fal down at his feet causing al their bels to be let down out of the stéeple 1500. horse the Bishops traine He commonly neuer rode vnder 1500. horses of chaplens priests other seruing men waiting vpon him He was couetous giuen to wantonnes and intollerable pride and so long as it lasted held all vnder him but it lasted not long King Richard at his setting out toward Hierusalem left order that Earle Iohn and Gefferey his brethren shoulde not enter into England the space of 3. yéeres but Iohn was released afterward of that bond Also the K. being at Messana in Sicily sent his mother Alinor to the Pope for his brother Geffery elected before to the sea of Yorke to be cōsecrated Archb. but as she was trauelling to Rome Clement dieth pope Clemēt died the 6. day of April Celestine Pope in whose roome succéeded Celestinus the third who the next day after his consecration came from Laterane to S. Peters Church Where standing vpon the staires before the churchdoore of S. Peter he receiued an oath of Henricus king of the Almanes that he should defend the Church of God and al the liberties thereof mainteine iustice also to restore againe the patrimony of S. Peter ful and whole And finally surrender againe to the Church of Rome the city of Tusculanum c. Vpon this graunt the pope tooke him to the Church and annointed him for Emperour and his wife for Empresse who there sitting in his chaire pontificiall held the crowne of gold betwéene his féete The pope setteth the crown vppon the Emperors head with his feete and dasheth it off againe so the Emperour bowing down his head to the popes féete receaued the Crowne and the Empresse likewise The crowne béeing thus sette vppon his head the Pope eftsoones with his foote stroke it off againe declaring thereby that hée had power to depose him if hée deserued it Then the Cardinals taking vp the crowne set it on his head againe Now Geffery being cōsecrated through licence of the pope Celestine by the Archb. of Turon came into England After his consecration the Bishoppe of Ely hearing thereof charged him not to enter and to remember his oath made to the king at his setting forward toward Hierusalem moreouer he threatned to apprehend him The Archbishop notwithstanding arriued at Douer in the moneth of September where the Chauncellors men stood ready to apprehend him from whom he escaped and came to the monkes house of Douer Which house the Chancellors men beset so that he could not escape and on a day when he had sayde masse as hee was standing at the Altar with his garments yet about him they rushed in and layde handes vppon him bounde him and drewe him through the dyrt The Archbish rudely handled and so committed him to Mathewe Clarke theyr Constable to bee kept These thinges beeyng brought to his Brothers eare the Earle Iohn hee the twelfth of October and the Archbishoppe of Roan with all the Bishops Earles and Barons and Citizens of London assembled together in Paules-churche where Ruffeling W. deposed for his great enormities they agreed to depose William the ruffeling Chauncellour and to place in his roome the Archbishop of Roan The third day after this the Chancellor came to Douer where he remained a few dayes and contrarie to his promise purposed to take shipping to passe ouer the Seas and disguised himselfe in the apparel of a woman hauing in his hand a meat-wand and on his arme a péece of linnen cloth And thus as he was sitting vpon a rocke wayting for his ship a certaine Fisherman espying him W. is taken disguised like a woman and supposing him to be an harlot came to him and so with striuing with him found him to be a man whereat hee wondred and began to make an outcrie against him Whereupon came great multitudes wondring at him haling and drawing him by the collar and sléeues through stones and rockes and at length laid him in a darke celler in steade of a prison Now Earle Iohn hearing of this within viij dayes after sent word that they should deliuer him and let him goe W. goeth ouer Sea So he went ouer Sea and directed letters to the Pope of the iniuries done vnto him and also into Siria vnto king Richard Vpō which complaint Pope Celestine wrote a thundering letter vnto the prelates of England that they should with book bell and candle procéed against earle Iohn and other his adherents with no lesse seueritie then if the iniuries had béene done vnto his owne person c. But none could be got to execute the commandement of the Pope And the other part wrote likewise to king Richard complayning of the abuses of the Chancellor This Bishop of Elie wrote vnto him that the French king set vp Iohn his brother to possesse his kingdome being councelled thereunto by the Templars Whereupon the K. séeing the Duke of Burgundie The K taketh truce with the Saracens the Frenchmen shrinke from him toke truce offered by the Saracens vpon the condition that if the king would restore vnto him againe Silauonia in as good state as it was when he tooke it he would graunt to him and to all Christians in the lande of Ierusalem truce for thrée yeres Not long after an 1193. the next Spring hee returned and in his iourney by the tempestes of weather about the partes of Histria The K taken in his returne from the Saracens warre and sold to the Emperour Chalices crosses and shrines sold to redeem the king in a Towne called Sinaca was there taken by Lympold Duke of the same Countrey and so solde to the Emperor for 60000. markes and was kept by him in custodie a yere and thrée monethes and at length released for 14000. Poundes which Summe of money was here gathered and made in England of Chalices Crosses Shrines and other Church
plate and this was about the 5. yere of his reigne and then it was obteyned of the P. that Priests might celebrate with Chalices of latin and tinne Chalices of lattin tinne which continued long after In the time of the kinges captiuitie Philip the French K. incensed Iohn the brother of king Richard to take on him the kingdome of his brother For which fact Ioh. at his brothers returne submitted himselfe vnto him and craued pardon which the king graunted About this time there was one Fulco Fulco some say hée was Archb. of Roan called Gualter who came vnto the king and tolde him The kings three daughters bestowed he had three daughters to bestow willing him to bestow them in time that is pride couetousnes and luxuriousnes Which words the king tooke in good part calling his Lords declared vnto them what Fulco had councelled him and said I geue my daughter swelling pride to be wife to the proude Templars My greedy daughter auarice to the couetous order of the Cistercian mōks And last of al my filthy daughter Lururie to the riotous prelates of the Church The king laying siege to a castle called Galuz belonging to the Lord Bemonice in little Brittaine thinking there to haue obtained great substaunce of treasure was shot into the arme by a souldier named Beytādus Cordomi K Richard slaine wherevpon the yron remaining and festering in the wound the king within nine daies after died hauing first forgiuen the souldier before his death After the death of king Richard King Iohn raigned his brother Iohn Earle of Morton An. 1200. Diuorce was made betwixt king Iohn and his wife because they were in the 3. degrée of kinred An. 1205. Hubert archb of Canterbury deceased Before his body was yet committed to the earth the yoonger sort of the monks elected Reignold their superiour and placed him in the Metropolitane sea without the Kings licence and knowledge Who being sent vnto by the elder sort of mōks requiring his gratious license to choose their Archb. consented therevnto requiring them also instantly at his request they would shew fauour to Iohn Gray bishop of Norwich which they also did electing him into that sea And for the full establishing the king sent of his owne charges to haue the matter ratified by the Pope The two Suffraganes of Canterbury not beyng made acquainted with the matter sent spéedily to Rome to haue both the elections stopped wherevpon grew great tumult for the Pope condemning both their elections created Stephen Langton with his owne hand in the high Church of Viterby vpon which occasion the king conceiued an excéeding displeasure against the Clergy and Monks of Canterbury and banished 64. of them out of the land and doth also sharply expostulate by letters with the Pope for that he had chosen Stephen Langton a man brought vp amongst his enimies a long time in the kingdome of France besides the derogation to the liberties of his crowne threatning except he would fauour the kings liking of the B. of Norwich The king threatneth the Pope hée would cut of the trade to Rome and the profites that came thether from the land The Pope writeth in the behalfe of R. Langton a froward and arrogant letter and not long after sendeth a commandement and charge into England to certaine bishops that if the king would not yéeld they should interdict him through his realme For the executiō whereof foure bishops were appointed William B. of London Eustace bishop of Ely Walter bishop of Winchester and Giles bishop of Hereford Which foure bishops went to him shewing their cōmission The king interdicted willing him to consent which the king refusing they went and pronounced the generall interdiction through out the realme and so the Church dores were shut vp with keies walles and other fastnings c. Which with other demeanour so incensed the king that hée tooke all the possessions of the foure Bishops into his handes appointing certaine men to kéepe the liuing of the Clergie throughout the realme and that they should inioy no part thereof he also proclaimed that all those that had Church liuing and went ouer the sea should returne at a certaine day or else lose their liuings for euer and charged all Sheriffes to inquire if any churchman receiued any commaundement that came from the Pope The king against the Clergie and that they should take their bodies and bring them before him and also that they should take into their hands for the kings vse all the church lands that were giuen to any man by the Archbishop Stephen or by the priors of Canterburie from the time of the election of the Archbishop and further charged that all the woods that were the Archbishops should be cut downe and sold Which things the pope hearing of sendeth two Legates Pandulph and Durance Pandulph and Durance Legates to charge the king to make restitution and cease from those wrongs doone to the church which when he refused to doo he procéeded to excommunicate him to assoile all his subiects from their oth of obedience Subiects assoiled of their oth of obediēce assoiling also all those of their sins that would rise against the K. And a while after vpon the Legats returne the Pope summoned all bishops The king accursed of the Pope abbots clarkes to repaire to Rome to cōsult what was to be doone therin where he accursed the K. and sent vnto the French king vpon remissiō of all his sins and of all that went with him that he should take with him all the power that he might and so inuade the Realme of England to destroy king Iohn Moreouer he gaue sentēce that the K. should be deposed another put in his place appointing the deposing to the french K Philip The pope giueth England to the French king promising to giue him remission of al his sins and the cléere possession of all the Realme of England to him his heires if he did either kill him or expel him Whervpō the next yere 1212. the Frēch K. begā to inuade but the Englishmen took 300. of his ships wel ladē with al prouision burnt another hundred within the hauen and tooke the spoile yet the K. considering the conspiracies of the pope and the sharpe inuasion of the French K. with the treasons at home by reason of the popes dispensation with the oath of obediēce in the 13. yéere of his raign sent Embassadors to the pope requiring peace The king submitteth to the Pope promising to satisfie him in al things with due satisfaction whervpon the pope sent Pandulph again into Englād with other Embassadors To whō in the behalfe of the court of Rome the K. submitted himself resigning gaue vp his dominiōs of England Ireland frō him his heires that should come of him for euermore with this condition that he shold take these 2. dominions of the pope again to
Remen Senoren Narbonen Turonen the Bishops of Landuiren Belnacen Catolacen Antisiodoren Meldimen Nurmen Carnoten Aurelianen Ambiauen Mornen Silanen Andeganen Abricen Constant Ebroicen Lexonicon Sagien Caloromont Lemonicen Auicen Mascicoren c. With Abbots c. This appeale was made the 9. yeare of Bonifaces popedome at Lupara in Paris After these things thus in the Parlement agréed the Prelates of the Cleargie consulting among themselues what was best to be done in so doubtfull a matter and dreading the Popes displeasure for that which was done alredy to cléere themseues in the matter they contriued a letter to the Pope partly to certifie him what there was done and partly to admonish him what he should doe These things thus done anno 1304. about the natiuitie of the Virgin Marie came a garison of harnessed Souldiers well appoynted sent partly by the French king partly by the Cardinals Columpna whom the Pope before had deposed vnto the gates of Auragum where the Pope did hide himselfe The pope hideth himselfe because he was borne in the towne the captaines of which armie was one Schaira brother to the foresaid cardinals and another William de Longareto high steward to the French king who inuading the Popes towne and finding the gates open gaue assault to the Popes Frontier where hée with his Nephew or Marques and foure other Cardinals were immured The townesmen séeing all their strength to be bent against the pope caused the common bell to be rong and so assembling themselues in a common counsell ordeined Adulphus Adulphus one of the chiefest rulers of the towne for their Captaine who vnknowen to them was a great aduersary to the Pope This Adulphus bringing with him Reginaldus de Supina Reginaldus de Supina a great Lorde in Campania and the two sons of Iohn Chitan a noble man whose Father the Pope had then in prison at length ioyned him with the French companie against the Pope and so beset his palace on euery side and first setting vppon the pallaces of the thrée Cardinals which were then chiefe about the Pope The cardinals goods rifeled rifeled and spoyled all their goodes the Cardinals by a backe doore hardly escaped their hands But the popes palace through munition and strength of the Marques was something better defended At length the Pope perceiuing himselfe not able to make his partie good desired truce with Schaira and his company Pope craueth truce which was granted him from one of the clock till nine During which time of truce the Pope sendeth priuily to the Townsmen of Aruagum desiring them to saue his life which if they would doe he promised to enrich them that they should all haue cause neuer to forget The Pope reiected or to repent the benefite bestowed To this they made answere againe excusing themselues that it lay not in their power to doe him any good for that the whole power of the Towne lay with the Captaine Then the pope all destitute desolate sendeth to Schaira beséeching him to draw out in Articles wherein hée had offended him The pope glad to make amends Conditions offered to the Pope and he would make him amendes to the vttermost Schaira maketh answere againe that hée should not escape with life but vpon thrée conditions First to restore againe the two Cardinals of Columpna his brethren whom he had before depriued with all other of their stocke and kinred Secondly that after their restitution hee should renounce his papacie Thirdly his body to remaine in his power and custodie These cōditions the pope would none of The gates of the popes paface fired so that the time of truce expired the captaines and souldiers first fired the gates of the palace whereby the army hauing a full entrance fell to rifle and spoile the house at length they burst in to the pope whom they put to choise either presently to leaue his life or to forgo the popedome But that hée denied stifly to doo rather choosing to die for it saying The pope rather would die then renounce his popedome Lo here my neck lo here my head protesting that he would neuer while hée liued renounce his papacie Then Schaira went about and was ready to slay him but by certaine that were about him hée was stayed the Souldiers in the meane time did lade themselues with gold and treasure that as Robert Auesb. reporteth The pope spoiled of infinite treasure all the Kinges of the earth together were not able to disburse so much out of their treasurie in a whole yéere as then was taken and carried out of the Popes palace and of the palaces of the thrée Cardinals and Marques Thus Boniface bereaued of al his goods remained in their hands thrée daies during the which space they had set him on a wild and vnbroken colt The Pope homely vsed his face turned to the horse tayle causing the horse to runne and course while the Pope almost was breathlesse The pope almost starued moreouer they kept him so without meat that hée was thereby almost famished to death After the three daies the Aruagians with 10000. souldiers slue the kéeper The pope deliuered almost famished burst into prison and deliuered Boniface almost famished whom the people refreshed with vittaile and receiued his blessing From thence he tooke his iourney to Rome beyng accompanied with a great number of harnessed souldiers where shortly after partly for feare which he was in partly for famine partly for sorrow of his inestimable treasure lost Pope dieth Benedict 9. he died After whom succéeded Benedict the 9. of whom these verses are written A re nomen habe Benedic Bene fac Benedicte Aut rem peruerte Maledic Malefac Maledicte Boniface afore mentioned was the Author of the Decretals Decretals About this time in the daies of king Edward Boniface directed a Bull to Iohn Peckham archbishop of Canterburie whom he had placed against the minde of the king and Church of Canterburie as also vnto all other quarters of the Church vniuersall in which was decréed that no Church nor Ecclesiasticall person should hencefoorth yéeld to his king or temporall magistrate eyther any giuing or lending or promising of tribute subsidies or portion whatsoeuer of the goods and possessions vnto him belonging but should be cléerely exempted and discharged of such subiection or tallage Clergy exempt from subsidie to be exacted of thē in the behoofe of the prince and his affaires Not long after the King held his Parlement at Saint Edmunsburie where was graunted vnto him of all Cities and Boroughs an eight and of the commons a twelfth of their goods onely the clergy by reason of the bull stood stout wherevpon the king likewise secludeth them from vnder his protection The clergy out of the kings protection and sauegard of his lawes and because the Archbishop was more stout and an inciter of the rest hée seised vpon his goods and caused an
London to haue their former acts confirmed at which time came two Cardinalles from Rome with letters sent vnto the nobles from the pope The nobles answered to the message of the Cardinals that as touching themselues they should be at all times welcome vnto them but as for their letters forasmuch as they were men vnlettered and onely brought vp in feats of warre therfore cared they not for séeing the same neither would they speak with the Legates concerning their busines Yet at the last through the mediation of the Archb and the Earle of Glocester the matter was taken vp betwixt the King and the Nobles Anno 1313 Robert Winchelsey died in whose roome Robert Cobham was elected by the King and Church of Canterbury but the Pope did frustrate that election and placed Walter Renald Walter Renald Bishop of Worcester About this time died Pope Clement the 5. Clement 5. dieth who kéeping in Fraunce neuer came to the sea of Rome after whose death the Papacie stood voide two yeares Papacie voide two yeares After Clement succéeded pope Iohn the 22. who sent two Legates from Rome vnder pretence to set agréement betwixt the king of EnglaÌ„d and the Scots they for their charges and expeÌ„ces required of euery spiritual person iiii d. in euery mark Iohn 22. Pope maketh profite of the variance of princes but all in vaine For the legates as they were in the North partes about Derlington with their whole familie and traine were robbed spoiled of their horses treasure apparel and whatsoeuer else they had and so with an euil fauoured handling retired backe againe to Duresme where they staied a while waiting for an answere from the Scots But when neither the popes legacie neither his curse would take any place with the Scots they returned againe to London where they first excommunicated and cursed as blacke as soote all those arrogant and presumptuous robbers of Northumberland Secondly for supplying of the losses receiued they exacted of the clergie to be giuen vnto them 8. pence in euery marke But the Clergie thereunto would not agrée séeing it was their owne couetousnes as they said that made them venture farther then they néeded viii d. in euery marke only they were contented to relieue them after 4. pence in the marke further they would not graunt And so they departed to the popes court againe Michael house founded in Cambridge In the time of this king the Colledge in Cambridge called Michaell house was founded by Sir Henry Stanton knight About the same time also was Nicholaus de Lyra Nicholaus de lyra which wrote the ordinarie glosse of the Bible also Guilielmus Occham Guilielmus Occham a worthie deuine of a right sincere iudgement as the times then would eyther giue or suffer Among others which the King did trouble and take reuenge of for the rebellion of the Barons was one Adam Adam Bishoppe of Hereford who beyng appeached of treason with other more was at length arrested in the Parlement to appeare and answere to that should be layd against him To which the Bishop answered I an humble minister and member of the Church of God and Bishop consecrate albeit vnworthy can not neyther ought to answere to these so high matters without the authoritie of the Archbishop of Canterbury my direct iudge and next vnder the high Bishoppe of Rome whose suffragane also I am and the consent likewise of other my fellow Bishops After which woordes the Archbishop and other Bishops made humble sute for him to the King But when the King would not be woon nor turned with any supplication the Bishops together with the Archbishops and Clergie comming with their crosses tooke him away chalenging him for the church without any further answere making charging moreouer vnder the censures of the church and excommunication none to presume to lay any further handes vpon him The king commanded notwithstanding to procéede in iudgement and the iurie of twelue men to goe vpon the inquisition of his cause who finding and pronouncing the bishop to be guiltie the king caused immediatlie all his goods and possessions to be confiscate to himselfe Moreouer made his plate and all his houshold stuffe to be throwen out of his house into the streete But yet he remayned still vnder the protection of the Archbishop This Archb. was called W. Winchelsey after whom succéeded S. Mepham Anno one thousand thrée hundred Simon M. and twentie seuen R. Auesb. After P. Clement v. by whose decease the Romane Sea stood vacant two yéeres and thrée moneths Next was elected pope Iohn 22. Clement 5. a Cistercian Monke who sat in the papacie 18. yéeres a man so stout inflexible and giuen much to heaping vp of riches A great heresie that he proclaimed them Heretikes that taught that Christ his Apostles had no possessions of their owne in the world At this time was Emperour Ludouicus Bauarus Ludouicus Bauarus Emperour a worthy man who with this Pope and other that followed him had no lesse contention then had Fredericus before Contention betwixt the pope Emp. 24. yeeres in somuch that this contention continued 24. yéeres The cause thereof rose of the constitution of Clement 5. predecessor to this Pope by whom it was ordeined that Emperours elected by the Germanine princes might be called kings of the Romanes but might not enioy the title and right of the empire without their confirmation giuen by the pope Wherfore this Emperour because he vsed the imperiall dignitie in Italie before he was authorized by the P he excommunicated him and notwithstaÌ„ding the Emperour did oftentimes offer vp himself to make intreatie of peace Pope hath full power to create and depose Emperors at his pleasure yet the inflexible pope would not bend mainteining that he had full power to create and depose kings and Emperours at his pleasure In the same time were diuers learned men who did greatly disallow the B. of Romes doings among whoÌ„ was Guilielmus Occham whose Tractations were afterwarde condemned by the Pope for writing against the Temporal iurisdiction of their Sea and another named Marsilinê° Patauinus Marsilius Patauinus who wrote the booke called Defensor pacis Defensor pacis giuen vp to the handes of the Emperor wherein the controuersie of the Popes vsurped iurisdiction in thinges Temporall is largely disputed the vsurping authoritie of the same sea set foorth to the vttermost At length when the Emperor after much suite at Auinion could not obteine his Coronation CoÌ„ming to Rome he was there receaued with great honor where he with his wife were both crowned by the ful consent of all the Lords and Cardinals there and another Pope there set vp called Nicholas the fifte After which things Pope Nicholas v. the Pope not long after died at Auinion in France whome succéeded Benedictus the twelft Benedict xii a Monke of Benedictus order and reigned vij yeres Who by
ordeine the Masse 7. If the Pope be an euil man hee hath no power ouer faithfull Christians except it be giuen him from the Emperour 8 Since the time of Vrban 6. there is none to be receiued for Pope but to liue after the manner of the Greeks 9. That church goods may be taken from the Clergie if they so deserue The erronius opinions were these 10 That no prelate ought to excōmunicate any man except he knew him first to be excmōunicated of God 11 That he which doth so excommunicate is therby himself excommunicated or an heretick 12 That any person excōmunicating him that hath appealed to the king or counsel is thereby himselfe a traitor 13 That they that for feare leaue the hearing or preaching of the word of God are therefore already excommunicated and in the day of iudgement shall be counted as traitors to God 14 That it is lawfull for any Deacon or Prieste to Preache without licence of the Pope or Popishe Clergie 15. That so long as a man is in deadly sinne he is neither Bishop or prelate in the church of God which article séemeth to be hardly gathered of them 16. That all the temporall Lordes may take away temporall goods from the churchmen if they so deserue 17. That tenths are pure almesse Tenths are pure almesse 18. That all speciall prayers applied to any priuate or particular person by any religious man or Prelate doth no more profite the same person then generall or vniuersall prayers doo profite others which be in like state with them 19. That whosoeuer entereth into any priuate religion is thereby made the more vnapt to kéepe the commaundements of God 20. That holy men which haue instituted priuate religions haue grieuously offended 21. That religious men in their pryuate religions are not of the Christian religion 22. That Friers ought to liue by their labour 23. That whosoeuer giueth almesse fo Friers is in daunger of cursse Now when the Archbishop Suffraganes and Prelates c. were assembled at the Grayfriers in London vpon saint Dunstons day after dinner about two of the clocke and should go about their busines a terrible earthquake A terrible earthquake fell thorough all England The Archbishop endeuored by all means to abolish Wickliffe and his doctrine and to that effect wrote both to the Bishop of London to the commissary of Oxford and also sollicited the king against the same Vpon Wickliffes conclusions were examined Nicholas Herford Phillip Repington and Iohn Ashton bachelers of diuinitie who at length with somwhat adoo confessed Wickliffes articles to be heretical or erronious after a sort some of them being taken in some sense construed which kind of answere because it pleased not the prelats they were appointed to be examined againe of certaine speciall points where their answere was not direct and full before In the examination of Iohn Ashton the archb required that he would answere in the Latine tongue because of the Lay people that stood about him but Ashton refused so to do and answered in his mother tongue and so behaued himselfe that the Archbishop called him hereticke and erronious Persecution and at the same time the archbishop being desirous as he pretēded to be informed by Thomas Hilman bacheler of diuinitie there being present somewhat fauouring Iohn Ashton what his iudgement was touching the said conclusions assigned vnto him also a deliberation to appeare with Nicholas Herford Phillip Repingdon at which time Thomas appeared and pronounced the articles all hereticall or erronious Nicholas and Phillip for not appéering were excommunicated for contumacie Against which excommunication the parties excōmunicated exhibited an appeale vnto the B. of Rome which appeale the archb vtterly reiected sent a letter to M. Rigge cōmissary of Oxford to make diligent search for Nicholas Herford Phillip Repington to apprehend them to send them vp personally to appéere at a certaine day prescribed for the same and sollicited the King to ioyne his sword to assist him whereto he also yéelded and directeth his letters to that effect both to the Archb. and to the Vicechancellor of Oxford which was anno 1382. The vicechancellor the same time was Robert Rigges the proctors Iohn Huntman and Walter Dish who then as far as they durst fauoured the cause of Iohn Wickliffe that side in so much that the same time yéere 1382. when certaine sermons publike should be customably appointed at the feast of the Ascension and of Corpus Christi to be preached in the cloister of S. Frisewide now called Christ church before the people by the Vicechancellor the Proctors the doing thereof was committed to Phillip Repington The fauourers of Wickliffe appointed to preach Nicholas Herford so that Nicholas should preach on the Ascēsion day Repington on the Corpus Christi day In which sermon on Corpus Christi day Phillip preached among other matters that the Pope and Bishops ought not to be recommended aboue temporall Lords and that in all moral matters he would defende Wickliffe as a true Catholike Doctor And finally his sermon concluded hee dismissed the people with this sentence saying I will in the speculatiue doctrine as pertaining to the matter of the Sacrament of the altar kéepe silence till such time as GOD otherwise shall instruct and illuminate the heartes of the Cleargy Against this Philip Peter Stokes a Carmelite Stokes an enimy to Wickliff was a great aduersarie And a while after the Vicechauncelor and Brightwell went vp to London to purge themselues and their adherentes of the accusations of this Frier and béeing examined vppon the articles of Iohn Wickliffe they did consent that they were woorthely condemned and so were with somewhat adoe discharged and commaunded séeke out the fauourers of Iohn Wickliffe whereof Nicholas Herford and Philip Repington hauing priuy warning by the Vicechauncellour conueyed themselues away and fledde to the Duke of Lancaster Duke of Lancaster forsaked the scholers of Wickliffe who yet forsooke them for feare or somewhat else not expressed So soone as they were fledde the Archbishoppe directeth letters to the Vicechancellour and to the Bishop of London named Robert Braisbrocke to excommunicate them and to lay for them both in Oxford and in London that they might bée apprehended This was the fourtéenth of Iuly Anno 1382 after which Repington in the same yéere the thrée and twētieth of October was reconciled to the Archb. and so was Iohn Ashton About the 23. of September the same yéere Repington reconciled and so Aishton the king called a parlement for a subsidy and the Archbishops and Prelats a Conuocation in the monastery of Saint Friswide in Oxford where in the third day of the assembly in the presence of the prelates Philip Repington Repington abiureth otherwise called of the brethren afterward Rampington abiured his former conclusions and the doctrine of Wickliffe immediatly after was brought in Iohn Aishton who refused to answere and
afterward was cited and condemned by Thomas Arundell Archbishop of Canterbury but what became afterward of him it is not certaine It is plaine by the Chronicle of S. Albons that the Londoners did hinder the Archb. himselfe sitting in the citie of London when he would haue made processe against Iohn Aishton The Londoners fauorers of trueth anno 1382. Nicholas Herford during the time of this Conuocation did not appeare and therefore had the sentence of excommunication against him against which he put in his appeale to the King and his Councell the Archbishoppe woulde not admitte it but caused him to bee apprehended and inclosed in prison yet hee escaped and returned to his former preaching in secrete manner Wherevpon the Archbishop thundered out excommunication against him and wrote letters to the king requiring his sword to chop of his necke In this meane time it is not certainly knowne what became of Wickliffe but as it may bee gathered out of Walden Wickliffe banished it appeareth that he was banished but whersoeuer he were at that time hée wrote a letter to Pope Vrban the sixt purging himselfe therein and also in the same declareth a briefe confession of his faith But this Pope Vrban otherwise called Turban was so hotte in his warres against Clement the French Pope his aduersarie that he had neither leysure nor list to attend vppon Wickliffes matters By reason of the schisme Wickliffe is more quiet by reason of which schisme Wickliffe was in more quiet Anno 1383. Pope Vrban employed Henry Spencer B. of Norwich who was hardly intreated at Lennam for striuing for the mayors mace in suppressing of the Antipope at Auinion in Fraunce and sent Bulles to the same Henry about this time to Croysser whosoeuer would go with him into France to destroy the Antipope that named himself Clement to make wars with al those the tooke his part which was takē in hād accordingly to the end was giuē to the Bishop the fiftinth which was graunted to the king the Parlement before and about the moneth of Maie being come to Canterbury there tarying for a wind in the Monastery of S. Augustine receiued a writ from the king that he should returne to him and know further his pleasure The B. fearing he should be staied notwithstāding the writ entred the seas and arriued at Calis and afterward besieged Grauendie that held with the Antipope and tooke it and there slue man woman and child A cruell Bishop Ex Chron. Mon. D. Albons And after that he had slaine at Dunkirke in the chase twelue thousand of the Frēch of his men only seuen missing and had in vaine besieged Ipres and could not kéepe Graueling returned againe into England In this meane time Iohn Wickliffe eyther béeyng banished or kept in some secrete place Lutterworth VVickliffes parish Church returned agayne within short space and repayred to his parishe Churche at Lutterworth whereof hée was parson and there dyed in the beginning of the yeere one thousand thrée hundred eightie and foure vpon Siluesters day and died olde of whom Thomas Walden his aduersary testifieth VVickliffes constancie that the same pleased him in his olde age which pleased him beyng young This Wickliffe had written diuers and sundry workes which anno 1410. were burnt at Oxforde the Abbot of Shrewesburie being the Commissarie and sent to ouersée that matter and not onely in England but in Boheme also the bookes of Wickliffe were set on fire by one Subincus Archbishop of Prage The number of the volumes which he is said to haue burned being most excellently written W. bookes burned richlie adorned with bosses of gold and rich couerings as Aeneas Siluius writeth were aboue 200. Iohannes Cocleus in his Hist Hus recordeth that there was a certaine Bishop in England which wrote vnto him that he had yet remaining in his custody two mighty volumes of Wickliffes workes which for the quantitie might séeme to be equall to the workes of S. Augustine He wrote also certaine answers to king Richard the second touching the Title of the King and the Pope and whether the king may for his defence in time of necessitie withhold his treasure from the Pope In which he declareth the Popes vsurpation and that Lordly dignitie which by the institution of the Apostles is forbidden him c. Wickliffe had many fauourers euen of the Nobilitie as well as of the lower sort His speciall fauourers were these Iohn Clenbone Wickliffes fauourers Lewes Clifford Richard Sturmes Thomas Latimer William Neuell Iohn Mountague which plucked downe all the Images in his Church Beside all these was the Earle of Salisbury who for contempt in him noted toward the Sacrament in carrying it home to his house was enioyned by Badulph Ergon Bishop of Salisbury Penance to make in Salisbury a crosse of stone in the which all the story of the matter should be written and hee eue Fridaye during his life to come to the Crosse barefoote and bareheaded in his shirt and there knéeling on his knées to doe penance for his fact Ex Chro. Mon. de albon In vita Rich. 2 The Londoners at this time trusting in the mayors authoritie the cleargy spirituall men being choked with bribes The Londoners take vpon them c. and winking at vice tooke vppon them the office of the B. in punishing vices belonging to the ciuil law as fornication adulterie c. Ex eod Wickliffe had diuers testimonies of his great learning and godlinesse as of the Vniuersitie of Oxford sealed with the Vniuersitie Seale But so farre did his doctrine take place that the Councell of Constance to destroy it did decrée that fourty fiue of his articles were hereticall and 41. yeres after his death VVic bones burned after his death Persecution commanded his bones to be taken vp and burned Thomas Walden in his booke de sacramentis sacramentalibus saith that after Wickliffe many suffered most cruell death and many also did forsake the Realme In the number of whom was William Swinderbie Walter Brut Iohn Puruey Richard White VVilliam Thorpe Raynolde Peacock Bishop of Asaph and afterwardes of Chichester Iohn Scotte and Philip Norris which being excommunicate by Pope Eugenius the fourth anno 1446. appealed to a general or oecumenical Councel Peter Paine who flying from Oxford into Boheme did stoutly withstande the Sophisters as touching both kindes in the Sacrament of the supper and afterward among the rest of the Orators was one of the fourtéene that were sent to the Councell at Basil where by the space of thrée dayes he disputed vpon the article touching the ciuill dominion of the Cleargie in the yere 1438. Also the Lord Cobham fauoured and followed VVickliffes doctrine as did the Bohemians who by the meanes of a Bohemian Student in Oxford of a noble stocke that carried with him into Bohemia certaine of VVickliffs booke De realibus vniuersalibus de ciuili iure diuino de Ecclesia
and the Duke of Glocester to encroch themselues royall power and to iudge to death Symon Burley and sir Iohn Barnes without the Kings consent wherevpon it was decréed that hée should be banished his temporalties seised his lands and goods forfaited The King further prescribed that he should take his passing on Friday within six wéekes of Michelmas at Douer toward the partes of Fraunce King deposed Anno 1399. K. Richard was deposed from his crowne by common consent after whom succéeded Henry the 4. who returned out of France with Thomas Arundell the Archbishop before exiled and by him was led to the seat royall This was anno 1399. The next after an 1400. followed a parlement holden at Westminster in which parlement one William Sawtree Williā Sawtre priest desiring to be heard for the commoditie of the whole realme and the matter beyng smelt before of the Bishops they obteined that the matter should be referred to the conuocation house which it was and the conuocation beyng differred till Saturday next the twelfth of February so was his audience also where at the day appoynted hée appéering the Archbishop Thomas Arundell obiected that hée had fallen into certaine hereticall Articles abiured before the Bishop of Norwich and caused certaine Articles vnabiured to be read and obiected against him by Robert Hall Chancellour to the B. thus sir William Charles otherwise called Sawtree Obiections against Sawtree parish priest of the Church of Saint Sith the virgin in London publickly and priuely doth hold these conclusions vnder written 1. That hée will not worship the crosse 2. That hée would sooner worship a temporall King 3. That he would sooner worship the bodies of Saints 4. That he would rather worship a man truly contrite 5. That he is bound rather to worship a man predestinate then an Angell of God 6. That a man is not bound to his vow of visiting the monuments of Saints but that he may distribute the expences of his vow to the poore 7. That euery Priest or Deacon is more bounde to preach then to say the Canonicall houres 8. That after the wordes of consecration the substaunce of bread remaineth still To which articles he in the Charterhouse before the bishoppe and his Councell exhibited a scroll of answeares mainteyning the same after which answeares publikely read by maister Robert Hal the Archbishop inquired of the saide William whether he had abiured these heresies before the Bishop of Norwich or not as was alledged against him whereto he answered no. Then he specially examined him of the sacrament of the altar who answered that after the words of consecration there remained bread wherevppon the Archbishop gaue sentence of heresie against him The same prouincial Councel being continued vntill the 24. day of the same moneth of February the Bishop of Norwich presented a certain processe vnto William Sawtre wherein he had abiured the articles laide against him which béeyng declared it was demanded of William Sawtre otherwise called Chatris why he might not be pronounced a man fallen into heresie and to be disgraded Whereunto he answered nothing then the Archbishoppe and the whole Councell gaue sentence he should be taken for a relaps Relaps and disgraded so committed to the secular power His proceeding in his degradation after that he had put on the apparel was in this sort as followeth In nomine patris filii spiritus sancti The maner of disgrading Amen We Thomas by Gods permission Archbish of Cāterbury primate of all England and Legate of the Apostolike Sea doe denounce thée William Sawtry otherwise called Chawtris Chaplaine fained in the habite and apparell of a Priest as an heretike and as one refallen into heresie by this our sentence definitiue by counsell consent autoritie to be condemned and by conclusion also of all our fellow brethren fellow Bishops Prelates Councell prouinciall and of the whole Cleargie doe degrade and depriue thée of all thy priestly orders and in signe of degradation and actuall deposition from thy priestly dignitie for thine incorrigibility and want of amendement wee take from thée the Patent and Chalice and doe depriue thée of all power of celebrating masse and also wée pull of thy backe the casule and take from thée the vestiment and depriue thée of all priestly honour and so procéeded they in taking away the vestiment and stoole of a Deacon and and the albe of a subdeacon and maniple and candlesticke taper and cruet of an Acolouth the holy water bucket of an exorcist the Legend booke of a Reader in the Church the Surplise of a Sexton The surplesse of a Sexton the crowne of Ecclesiasticall dignity to bée shauen and the Priestes cappe taken away and a Lay mans cappe put on that they might fauourably receiue the saide William thus vnto them committed This done by their solliciting the king directed a terrible decrée against him for his spéedy execution to the Mayor and sheriffes of London which was perfourmed accordingly Anno 1400. The time of Henry the 4. The time of Henrie 4. was full of trouble blood misery He was the first of the kings of England that put out his hand to the shedding of the blood of Saints since the conquest After the burning of this godly man the rest of the companie beganne to holde themselues more close for feare of the King who was altogether bent to hold with the Popes prelacie Anno 1405. by the Archbish of Yorke named Richard Scroop with the L. Mowbery marshall of England which both conspired against the king ten articles were set vpon Churchdoores against the king wherein he was charged to be a traitor periured a murderer a breaker of the orders of the church a tyrant a miss-gouernor of the commonwealth an oppressor c. But they with their adherents were apprehended and put to death Anno 1409. Thomas Badby 1409 Thomas Badby martyr a taylor and lay man was by Thomas Arundell archbishop of Canterbury brought to condemnation for the testimony of the truth His Articles were 1. That the sacrament of the Altar is not the reall body of Christ and that after consecration it remaineth bread still 2. That it was vnpossible that any priest could make the body of Christ 3. That he said Iacke Baker of Bristow had as much power to make the like body of Christ as any priest had He was pronounced an Hereticke first by the B. of Worcester in the chappell Caluary of S. Thomas martyr nigh the cathedrall Church of Worcester which was afterward approued by the archbishop of Canterbury Archb. of York London Winchester Chichester Norwich the prince Edmund Duke of York being also by c. and he condemned in Paules Church in London Crocodiles teares and so was deliuered to the secular power to be burned which when they had done like false hypocrits they desired the tēporall Lords present very instantly that they would not put the saide Iohn Badby to death
at the castle of Cowling about the wednesday before the Natiuitie of our lady in September he commaunded letters citatory to be set vpon the great gates of the Cathedrall Church of Rochester but thrée miles from thence charging him to appéere personally before him at Ledes the eleuenth day of the same moneth and yéere all hinderances set aside these beyng pulled downe new letters were set vp on the Natiuitie day of our Lady which also were rent downe and consumed Then forasmuch as he did not appeare at the day appointed at Ledes where he sate in his consistory as cruell as euer was Caiaphas with his court of hypocrites about him he iudged him denounced him and condemned him of most deep contumacy And afterward it being reported vnto him that he laughed and scorned his censure without iust proof therof he excommunicated him and commaunded him to be cited afresh to appeare before him the saturday before the feast of Mathew threatning that if hee did not then appeare before him he would more extremely handle him compelled the lay power by most terrible curses to assist him against that seditious apostata schismatike heretike the troubler of the publike peace that enimy of the realme and great aduersary of the holy Church for all these hatefull names did he giue him The Lord Oldcastell hearing this The L. Cobhā maketh a draught of the confession of his faith and perceiuing in what danger he stood tooke pen and paper in hand and made a draught of the confession of his faith and sealed it with his owne hand which confession was nothing els but the Apostles Creede with a briefe declaration vppon the same In which he answered the 4. chiefest articles that the Archb. laide against him and that done he tooke the copy with him and went therwith to the king trusting to find mercy with him and offered it to him who woulde in no case receiue it but cōmanded it to be deliuered vnto those that should be his iudges Then he desired in the K. presence that an hundred knights esquiers might be suffered to come as vpon his purgation which he knew wold cléere him of al heresies Moreouer he offered himselfe after the law of armes to fight for life or death with any man liuing Christian or heathen in the quarel of his faith the kings maiesty and the Lordes of his Councel excepted and furthermore protested that he would obey al maner of lawes agréeable to the word of God Yet notwithstanding all this the K. suffered him to be summoned personally in his own priuy chamber Then said the Lord Cobham to the king that hée had appealed from the Archb. to the Pope of Rome and therefore he ought in no case said he to be my iudge hauing his appeale there readie written he shewed it with all reuerence to the king whereat the king was much more displeased and saide vnto him The L. Cobhā arrested at the kings commādement that he should not pursue his appeale and so was hée there arrested at the kings commandement and ledde forth to the tower of London to kéepe his day as was then said which the Archbishop had appointed him before in the kings chamber Now the day of examination being come which was the 23. of September the saterday before the feast of S. Mathew Tho. Arundell the Archb. sitting in Caiphas roome in the Chapter house of Paules with Richard Clifford Bish of London and Henry Bullinbrook Bishop of Winchester Sir Robert Morley knight and Lieutenant of the tower brought personally before him the said L. Cobhā and there left him for the time vnto whom the Archb. after that hée had exhibited vnto them the confession of his faith which they did not altogether mislike required his beliefe on the Sacrament of the Altar whether there bée a transubstantiating or not Whether as concerning the Sacrament of penance euery man be necessarily bound to confesse himselfe to a Priest ordained by the Churche but he would answere no otherwise then he had exhibited in his bill The L. Cobham answereth which was that he beléeued al the Sacraments that euer God ordained in his Church he beléeued the blessed Sacrament of the altar to bée Christs bodie in forme of bread That it is necessarie for euery man to do penance for sinne with true confession due satisfactiō as Gods law teacheth That who so doth the worship to dead images that is due to god he doth therin commit the sin of Mahumetry That euery mā is a pilgrime in this world he that knoweth the holy commandements of God kéepeth them shal be saued althogh he neuer in his life go on pilgrimage as men doe to Rome to Canterbury c. None other answere could they get of him which troubled them greatly and the archb bad him take deliberation till the Munday next following which was the 25. of September and then iustly to answere especially whether there remained materiall bread in the Sacrament of the Altar after the words of consecration or not and promised to send him the matters cléerely determined which the next day he did euen a blasphemous and foolish writing made by him and his vnlearned clergie Now when the 25. of September was come which was the Munday before Michaelmas Anno 1413. The archb commanded his iudiciall seat to be remoued from the chapterhouse of Paules to the Dominicke friers within Ludgate in London with diuers Bish Doct. Friers monks priests chanons parish clearks belringers pardoners which rabble al disdained the L. Cobham with innumerable mocks and scornes reckoning him to be an horrible heretike The L. Cobham mocked of knaues and a man accursed afore God and after the day spending in reasoning to fro of the sacrament of the altar of shriuing of the authoritie of the Pope of pilgrimages and worshipping of Images because hée did not beléeue in these pointes as the holy Romish Church did teach the Archbishop stood vp The L Cobham condēned and read a byll of condemnation against him after which bill read the L. Cobham said with a most chéerful countenance Though you iudge my body which is but a wretched thing yet am I certaine and sure that ye can doe no harme to my soule no more than Satan could doe to the soule of Iob. And as concerning these articles I wil stand to them to the very death by the grace of my eternal god And after a short instructiō to the people he fell there vpon his knées holding vp his hands and eyes to heauen praied for his enemies O lord God eternal I beséech thée for thy great mercies A worthie martir to forgeue my pursuers if it be thy blessed wil. And then he was deliuered to sir R. Morley and so led againe to the tower This being done the B. and priestes fayned an abiuration in the name of the L. Cob. to the end to bleare the eies of the vnlearned
Doctors answered againe with a long and tedious processe the scope whereof principally tended to the defence of the principality of the pope Thus then maister Ioh. Husse being driuē out of Prage and moreouer being excommunicated that no masse might be said where he was present the people began mightely to grudge and crie out against the Prelates laying great and horrible vices to their charges The K. seing the inclination of the people The people against the Prelates being also not ignorant of the vices of the cleargie began to require great exactions of such as were knowen to be wicked liuers Whereupon such as fauoured Iohn Husse begā to accuse many In so much that by this meanes None controleth Husse Husse began to take vnto him more libertie and to preach in his church at Bethlehem and none to controll him Now Steuen Paletz and Andreas de Broda chiefe doers against Husse wrote vnto him sharpe and cruell letters The Pope also writeth letters to Vinceslaus the King for suppressing of Iohn Husse and his doctrine which was in the last yéere of his Popedome An. 1414. This yéere Sigismund the Emperour and Pope Iohn 23. Councell of Constance To pacifie the Schisme of three Popes called a sinod for the pacifying of the Schisme at Constance which was betwéene the thrée popes The first wherof was Iohn whom the Italians set vp the second Gregory whom the Frenchmen set vp the third Benedict whom the Spaniards placed This councell endured foure yéeres and had in it 45. A Councell that lasteth foure yeeres and had 45. Sessions Sessions In this councell all the matters were decided chiefly by foure nations English Germaine French and Italian out of which foure nations were appointed and chosen foure presidents to iudge and determine all matters of the Councelles the names of which foure were these Iohn the patriarch of Antioch for France Anthonie Archb of Rygen for Italy Nicholas Archb. of Genesuensis for Germany and Nicholas Bishop of Bath for England In this Councel nothing was decréed worthy of memorie but this onely that the Popes authority is vnder the Councell The Councell ought to iudge the Pope and that the councel ought to iudge the Pope and as touching the Communion in both kindes although the Councell did not denie it yet by the same Counsell it was decréed to the contrarie In this Councell Iohn did resigne his Papacie for the quiet of the schisme and the Emperor geuing him thanks kissed his féete Afterward the same Iohn repenting him that he had so done sought meanes to flie whereunto Frederike Duke of Austrich did assist him and when hee was nowe comming to Schafezonse P. repenteth of wel doing to goe into Italie the Emperour pursuing tooke him and proclaymed Frederike traytor and for that cause tooke away Cities from him but was at last reconciled againe The Pope being thus deposed was committed vnto the County Palantine and by him caried to the castle of Manheim where hée was kept prisoner by the space of 3. yéeres and afterward he was againe by Pope Martin admitted to the number of the Cardinals This pope Iohn was deposed by the decrée of the councel more then 40. most grieuous crimes proued against him 40. articles against Pope Iohn as that he had hired Marsilius Parmensis a physicion to poison Alexander his predecessor that he was an heretike a simoniake a lier an hipocrite a murtherer an inchanter a dice-player an adulterer a sodomite finally what crime was it wherewith he was not infected c. In the 14. Session came in the resignatiō of P. Gregory 12. The 37. Session did publish definitiue sentence against the 3. pope Benedict in the 39. they procéeded to elect a new pope on S. Martins éeuen they chose one Pope Martin therfore named him Martin who according to the custome was honorably brought by the Councell and the Emper. into the church of Constance vnto the monastery of S. Austine to be crowned The Emperor leadeth the popes horse the Emp. on foot leading his horse by the bridle on the right hand the marques of Brandēburgh prince elector also leading his horse on the left hand the P. himselfe riding in the midst on his palfrey The Councell being dissolued a cardinall was sent by the P. named Anthony to declare his Indulgēce vnto them who granted to euery point in that coūcel ful absolution once in their life so that euery one within 2. moneths after the hearing of this Indulgence should procure the same in forme of writing Also an other Indulgēce was graunted of full remission at the houre of death that was aswel vnderstood of the houshold as the Maisters thēselues but vnder this condition that from the time of notification of the same The popes Indulgence they should fast euery Friday for the space of one whole yéere for absolutiō in their life time And for absolution in the howre of death that they should fast an other yéere in like sort except some lawfull impediment so that after the second yéere they should fast out their liues end or els do some other good worke This beyng proclaimed the Synode brake vp and euery man departed 3940. Prelats at the Councell The nūber of prelates at this councell was 3940. wherof the number of B. Archb. was 346. Abbots doctors 564. Secular mē princes dukes erles knights esquires 16000. Common women belonging to the councell Common women belonging to the councell 450. 450. Barbers 600. Minstrels cookes iesters 329. So that the whole multitude which were viewed to be in the towne of Constance betwéene Easter Whitsontide where nūbred to be 60500. Now although this councell was thought principally to be called to appease the schisme yet a great part of the cause was the Bohemians and especially for Iohn Husse For before the Councell began the Emperour Sigismund sent certaine gentlemen Bohemians which were of his owne houshold giuing them in charge to bring Iohn Husse bacheler of Diuinitie to the Councell and that vnder his safeconduct to the entent he should purge himselfe of that which they had to lay against him Iohn Husse trusting vpon the Emperours safecōduct sent word to the Emperour that he would come to the Councell and with all caused certaine bils to be written in Latine Bohemian and Almaine language that if any one had to obiect ought against him hée should come to the councell and there he would answere him The same time also Iohn Husse sent his Procurators to the lord Bishop of Nazareth ordained by the Apostolicke sea inquisitour of heresie in the cities and dioces of Prage requiring that if he found any errour in him he would declare it openly The Bishop giueth good testimony of Husse But the Bishop gaue good testimonie of Iohn Husse and signified the same by his letters Iohn Husse also required of the Archbishop of Prage that if he knew any errour
the Secular power the Emperor commanded Ludouicus Duke of Bauaria that he should take Husse of the Bishops hands and deliuer him to those that shoulde doe the execution The place appointed for his execution was before the gate Gothebian betwéene the gardens and gates of the suburbes When Iohn Husse was come thether knéeling vpon his knées and lifting his eyes vp to heauen he prayed and said certaine Psalmes and specially the 51. and 31. psalmes and they which stoode by heard him oftentimes in his prayer with a merie countenance repeate this verse Vnto thy handes O Lord I commend my spirite c. Which thing when the Lay people behelde which stoode next vnto him they said what he hath done before we know not but now we sée and heare that hee prayeth very deuoutly and godly When as by the commandement of the tormentors hée was risen vp from the place of his prayer with a loud voice he said Lord Iesu Christ assist and helpe me that with a constant and patient minde by thy most gratious helpe I may beare and suffer this cruell and ignominious death whereunto I am condemned for the preaching of thy most precious word and holy Gospel So he was tied to a stake toward the West because said they he was not worthie to looke towarde the East The behauiour of Husse at his death and strawe and fagots being put to him Ludouicus Duke of Bauaria before fire was put vnto the wood with another with him the sonne of Clement came and exhorted him that he would yet be mindfull of his safetie and renounce his errors To whom he said what errors should I renoūce when as I know my selfe guiltie of none This was the principall ende and purpose of my doctrine that I might teach all men penance and remission of sinnes according to the veritie of the gospell of Christ and the exposition of holie Doctors Wherefore with a cherefull mind and courage I am here redy to suffer death When he had spoken these words they left him and hauing shaken hands they departed Then was the fire kindled and Iohn Husse began to sing with a loude voice Iesu Christ the sonne of the liuing God haue mercie vpon me and when he began to say the same the third time the wind droue the flame so vpon his face that it choaked him yet notwithstanding he moued a while after by the space that a man might say almost thrée times the Lordes prayer The bodie being burned to ashes with great diligence they gathered them together and cast them into the riuer of Rhine They cast the ashes of Husse into the Rhine that not so much as any memorie or remnant of him might be left Cocleus in his second booke contra Hussitas thinketh that the author that writte this historie of I. Husse was called Iohannes Prizibram a Bohemian who after succéeding in the place of Iohn Husse at Prage at last is thought to haue relented vnto the Papistes And thus much concerning the death of I. Husse who was burned at Constance an 1415. about the moneth of Iulie Being in prison Treatises of H. in prison he wrote diuers treatises of the commandemēts of the Lord of prayer of mortal sinne of matrimonie of the knowledge and loue of God of thrée enemies of mankind the flesh the world and the deuill of repentance of the sacrament of the body and bloud of Christ of the sufficiencie of the law of God to rule the church c. He had also many prophetical visions An. 1415. April iiij M. Ierom of Prage gréeuously sorowing for the slanderous reproach and defamation of his coūtrey of Boheme also hearing tell of the manifest iniuries done vnto the man of worthie memorie I. Husse fréely and of his own accord came to Constance Ier. of Prage commeth to Constance there perceiuing that I. Husse was denied to be heard and that watch and ward was laide for him on euerie side hee departed to Iberlinge a Citie of the Empire vntil the next day which Citie was a mile from Constance From thence hee wrote his Letters to Sigismund king of Hungarie and his barons requyring him of safeconduct which being denied him the next day he wrote certain intimations which he sent to Constāce to be set vpon the gates of the citie of the churches monasteries and houses of Cardinals and other Nobles and prelates requiring that if any had ought to charge him with of Heresie they would repaire thether where he should be ready to satisfie them requiring also in the same safeconduct and frée accesse which when it would not be graunted the Nobles Lords Knights c. especially of Boheme present in Constance gaue vnto Maister Ierome their letters patentes confirmed with their seales for a witnesse and testimonie of the premisses wherewith Ierome returning againe into Boheme Treason against Ierome of Prage was by treason of his enemies taken in Hirssaw by the officers of Duke Iohn and was brought backe againe to the presence of the Duke In the meane time Palletz and de Causis such as were enemies to Iohn Husse required that Hierome might be cited before the Councel which was accordingly performed maister Hierome cited by reason of his intimation and the Duke brought him bound vnto Constance with a great and long chaine to whom after they had obiected certaine friuolous matters they deliuered him being bound vnto the officers of the citie of Constance to be caried to prison for that night where he was comforted of Peter the Notary and one Vitus Hierome carried to prison Peter the Notary Vitus Which being knowne when it drew towardes euening the Archb. of Rygen sent certaine of his seruants which ledde away Hierome being strongly bounde with chaines both by the handes and by the neck and kept him so for certaine houres When night drew on they caried him vnto a certaine tower of the citie in S. Paules Churchyard where they tying him fast vnto a great block and his féete in the stockes his hands also being made fast vpon them left him The block was so high that he could by no meanes sit there upon but that his head must hang downward where he lay none of his friendes knowing of his conueyāce away two daies ij nights reléeued only with bread water wherof M. Peter hauing knowledge by one of his kéepers desired that he might haue leaue to prouide him meat which was granted Within 11. daies after so hanging by the héeles he vsed so smal repast Ierom falleth sicke that he fell sore sicke euen vnto death whervpon he desired to haue a confessor which was hardly and with great importunitie graunted him Now he had béene in prison one yéere lacking but seuen daies After they had put Iohn Husse to death about the feast of the Natiuitie of Mary the virgin they brought foorth M. Ierom whom they had kept so long in chaines vnto the church of
at euening the bel to toll the Auies as it was vsed in the popish time to helpe the souldiers that fought against the Turkes Auies doth helpe thē that fought against the Turkes for which cause he ordained the feast of the transfiguration of the Lord The feast of transfiguratiō solēnising it with like pardons and Indulgences as was Corpus Christi day Also this pope procéeding contrary to the councels of Constance and Basil decréed that no man should appeale from the Pope to any Councell by whom also S. Edmund of Canterbury with diuers others were made Saints S. Edmund of Canterbury made Saint Next vnto Calixtus succéeded Pius Secundus Pius Secūdus Pope otherwise called Aeneas Siluius who wrote the 2. bookes of cōmentaries vpō the councell of Basill This Aeneas at the writing of these his bookes séemed to be a man of indifferent tollerable iudgement and doctrine from the which afterward being Pope he séemed to decline and swarue séeking by all meanes possible to abolish the bookes which before he had written wheras before he preferred generall councels before the P. now being P. he did decrée Pope Pius altered his former iudgemēt that no mā should appeale from the B. of Rome to any councels likewise for priests mariages whereas before he thought it best to haue their wiues restored yet afterward he altered his mind otherwise There was great discord betwixt this P. Dorotheus archb of Mentz vpō the same betwene Frederike the Palatine the duke of Wittenberg with others by occasion wherof Mentz looseth his freedome besides the slaughter of many the citie of Mentz which was before frée lost the fréedome became seruile The causes of the discord betwixt Pius and Dorotheus Discord betwixt P. Pius Dorotheus were these 1. Because that Dorotheus would not consent vnto him in the impositiō of certaine tallages taxes within his countrie 2. For that Dorotheus would not be bound vnto him requiring that the said Dorotheus being prince elector should not call the electors together without his license 3. Because hée would not permit vnto the Popes legates to conuocate his Clergie together after his owne lust This Pius began Anno 1458. After Pius 2. succéeded Paulus Secundus a pope wholy set vpon his belly Paulus Secundus Pope and ambition and a hater of all learned men This Paulus had a daughter begotten in fornication whom because he saw her to be therefore hated began as the stories report to repent him of the lawe of the single life of Priestes The pope for mariages of Priestes Pope Sixtus 4. Stewes at Rome The yeere of Iubile altered once againe and went about to reforme the same Ex Stanisl Rutheo After this Paulus came Sixtus the 4. which builded vp in Rome a stewes for both kinds getting thereby no smal rēts reuenewes This pope among other his acts reduced the yéere of Iubile from the 50. to the 25. He also instituted the feast of the conception and of the presentation of Marie and Anna her mother and Ioseph also he canonized Bonauenture and S. Francis for Saints By this pope also were brought in beades Beades Ladies Psalter and he instituted to make our ladies psalter through the occasion of one Alanus and his order who were wont by putting beades vpon a string to number their praiers This pope made 32. Cardinals in his time of whom Petrus Renerius was the first who A prodigall Cardinall for the time he was Cardinal which was but 2. yéers spēt in luxurious riot 200000 Florens and was left 4000. in debt Weselius Groningensis in a certaine treatise of his de indulgentijs Papalibus writeth of this pope Sixtus that at the request of this Peter Cardinal and of Hierom his brother he graunted vnto the whole family of the Cardinal S. Lucy in the 3. hot moneths Iune Iuly August Liberty for Sodomitry frée liberty to vse Sodomitry with this clause Fiat vt petitur That is Be it as it is asked Next after this Sixtus came Innocentius the eight Innocentius 8. Pope a man verie rude and farre from all learning Amongest the noble actes of this Pope this was one that in the towne of Paulus Equicolus hée caused 8. men and 6. women with the Lord of the place to be apprehended and iudged for heretikes because they said that none of them were the Vicars of Christ which came after Peter but onely they which followed the pouerty of Christ Also he condemned of heresie George the K. of Boheme King of Boheme condemned of the P. and depriued him of his kingdome and procured his whole stocke to be vtterly reiected giuing his kingdom to Matthias king of Pannonia Anno 1461. king Henry the 6. was deposed by Edward the 4. after he had raigned 38. yéeres and an halfe Henry the 6. founded the colledge of Eaton Colledge of Eaton and another house hauing then the title of S. Nicholas in Cambridge and now called the kings Colledge Ex scala mundi This king Henrie reiected the popes buls which graunted to Lewes Archb. of Roane the profites of the Bishopricke of Ely after the death of the Bishop by the name of the administration of the said bishopricke Anno 1461. Henry the 6. being deposed Edward the 4. was crowned king An. 1471. Vpon the assentiō eue K. Henry being prisoner in the tower departed this life was brought by Thames in a bote to the abbey of Chertsey there buried Polydor after he had described the vertues of this king recordeth that king Henry the 7. did afterward translate the corpes of him from Chertsey to Windsore and addeth moreouer that by him certaine miracles were wrought Henry the 6. to be canonized a Saint for successiue change for the which cause Henry the 7. laboured with pope Iulius to haue him canonized for a Saint but the death of the king was the let Edward Hall writing of this matter declareth that the cause of the let was the excessiue fées which were so great of canonizing a king aboue any prelat that the king thought best to kéepe his money in his chest About the yéere 1465. There was here in England a Frier Carmelite who preached in Michalemas terme at Paules crosse in London that our Lord Iesus Christ was in pouertie and did begge in the world Which question was so stirred here that it came to the Popes eares Paulus 2. the next yere following who eftsoons sent downe his bul signifying to the Prelates that this heresie that pestiferously doth affirme An heresie to hold the Christ was a begger that Christ did openly begge was condemned of old time by the Bishop of Rome and his Councels and that the same ought to be declared in al places for a dangerous doctrine and worthy to be troden downe vnder all mens féete Anno 1473. in August one Iohn Goose or Husse was
Masses and praying for the dead and supremacie of the Pope hée held that the Pope might erre hée disalowed the great riches of the Clergie that the Popes keyes doo not open but shut heauen gates c. Not long after the death of this Weselus an 1494. and the 9. yéere of Henry the 7. the 28. of Aprill was burned a very old woman Ione Boughtō martyr named Ione Boughton widdow and mother to the Lady Young which Lady was also suspected to be of the same opinion that her mother was Her mother was foure score yéeres of age and held eight of Wickliffes opinions for the which she was burned in Smithfield The night following that she was burnt the most of her ashes were had away of such as had loue vnto the doctrine for the which she suffered An. 1497 the 17. of Ianuary beyng Sunday two men one called Richard Milderall and the other Iames Sturdy bare faggots before the procession of Paules Fagots borne and after stood before the preacher in the time of his Sermon And the Sunday following stood other 2. men at Paules crosse all the sermon time one garnished with painted and written papers the other hauing a faggot on his necke After that in Lent season vppon Passion Sunday one Hugh Glouer bare a faggot before the processiō of Paules and after-with the faggot stood before the preacher all the Sermon while And on the next sunday following foure men stood did their open penance at Pauls and many of their books were burnt before them at the crosse Anno 1498. in the beginning of May the king béeing then at Canterburie there was a Priest burnt A priest burnt which was so strong in his opinion that all the Clearks and Doctours béeing there present could not remoue him from his faith whereof the King béeing informed caused the priest to be brought before his presence who by his perswasions coulde not cause him to reuoke and so he was burnt immediatly Anno 1499. a certaine godly man and constant martir of Christ named Babram Babram martyr was burnt in Norfolke in the moneth of Iuly as Fabian reporteth yet the printed Fabian reporteth it to be the yéere 1500. In the yéere next folowing the 20. day of Iuly was an olde man burnt in Smithfield An old man burnt Sauanorola burnt This yéere Hieronimus Sauanorola a monke in Italy with two other Friers named Dominicke and Siluester which fauoured Sauanorolas learning were condemned to death at Florence the articles wherefore they suffred were these 1. Frée iustification by faith 2. Articles The communion vnder both kinds 3. Indulgences pardons of the pope are of no effect 4. For preaching against the filthie life of the cleargy 5. For denying the Popes supremacie 6. The Pope Antichrist The keies were not giuen to Peter alone but vnto the vniuersall Church 7. That the Pope was Antichrist because he did attribute more to his own indulgences and pardons then to Christs merites 8. That the Popes excommunication is not to be feared 9. That auricular confession is not necessary 10. That he had moued the citie to vprore 11. That he contēned the Popes citation 12. That he had slandered the Pope 13 That he said Italy must be cleansed with Gods scourge for the manifold wickednes of the Princes and Cleargy They were first hanged vp openly in the market place and after burnt to ashes and the ashes cast into the riuer of Arum the 25. day of May Ex Catalogo testium Illirici Spirit of prophecy in Sauanorola This Ierome Sauanorola had the spirit of prophecie and foreshewed many things to come which fel out accordingly He suffered vnder pope Alexander 6. About this time was one Philip Norice Philip Norice an Irishman professor at Oxford long vexed and troubled for his profession of the trueth The Germanes had twise before sued to Fredericke the Emperour Suite of the Germans to the Emperour against the church of Rome to be a meanes to ease them of their manifolde grieuances from the Church of Rome and were repulsed now againe made the same suite to Maximilian his sonne vnto whom they deliuered x. grieuances Ten grieuances whereby the Germanes had béen long oppressed shewing also remedies against the same with certaine aduisements how the Emp. might auoide the popes subtleties The grieuances were these 1. That the Bishops of Rome do at the request of euery vile person withstand the couenants of their predecessors buls priuiledges c. 2. That elections of Prelates are oftentimes put backe 3. That election of Presidentships are withstood notwithstanding the graunts haue béene purchased before to the Chapter houses 4. That greatest ecclesiastical dignities are reserued for Cardinals and head Notaries 5. That expectatiue graces called Vowsons are graunted without number 6. That yéerely reuenewes are exacted without delay or mercy and oftentimes more extorted then ought to be 7. That rule of Churches is giuen at Rome to such as are more fitte to kéepe mules then to gouerne and instruct men 8 That new pardons with reuocation of the olde are granted to scrape money 9. That tēths are exacted vnder pretence of making warre against the Turkes when as no expedition doeth followe therevppon 10. That causes which might be determined in Germanie are indistinctly carried to the Court of Rome After these grieuances propounded they subscribed the remedies and aduertisementes to the Emperour wherevppon the Emperour set foorth an Edict against certaine abuses of the Clergie Edicts of the Emperour against certaine abuses of the Clergy That none should haue two Canonships c. Against the couetousnesse of the Clergie concerning which reformation the Emperour required as it séemeth aduise of Iacobus Selestadiensis Iacobus Selestadiensis who wrote vnto him concerning the matter After Innocetius 8. succéeded Alexander 6. Pope Alexander 6. which Alexander among other horrible things when he was cōpelled to send Gemes or Demes brother to Baiazetes the great Turke to Lewes 11. the French king for a pledge because the Frēch king should not procure the great Turkes fauour by sending his brother Gemes to him to be slaine Pope hyred by the Turke to poison his brother The P. procured the Turke to fight against the French K. he béeing hired by the Turke caused the same Gemes to be poisoned who in his iourney going toward the French king died at Terracina Ex Hieronymo Marcis And the same Alexander the 6. taking displeasure with Lewes the French king about the winning of Naples sent to Baiazetes the Turk to fight against Lewes Ex eodem Moreouer this pope caused Antonius Mancinellus hāds and tongue to be cut off because he wrote an eloquent oration against his horrible life At length as he was sitting at Rome with his Cardinalles and other rich Senatours of Rome The P. and his Cardinals poisoned his seruaunts at vnwares brought to him a wrong bottle whereby both he was
burned At the stake he was offered his pardon if he would recant which he refused At his death many wept saying why doeth this man die that speaketh of nothing but of God Crisp lib. 6. He was condemned by Balthelmew Emie President Anno 1557. Philip Ceur 1557 P. Ceur Apothecarie of Geneua and Iames his felow were burned at Dyion the most parte of the people wept bitterly saying be of good cheare brethren c. whereat the aduersaries were greatly offended saying to the Magistrates doe you not sée how almost halfe parte of the people is on their side and comforts them Crisp libro 6. The same yere Archambant Seraphoni Archambant and M. Nicholas de Russeaw constantly suffered at Dyion The same Archambant had béene condemned 3. yeares before at Tule and as he was led to Burdeaux escaped Ibid. The same yere Philbert Hambis sometimes a Prieste then a painter afterward the minister of Albenart in Santong was apprehended at Saintes Ville and with him his host a priest whom hée had conuerted to the Gospell and so caried to Burdeaux before the president As hée was in pryson on a Sunday a Priest came in with all his furniture to say Masse whom Philbert seing inuested came and plucked his garments from him with such zeale that the masse-garments with chalice and candlestickes fell downe and were broken saying vnto him is it not enough for you to blaspheme God in Churches but you must pollute also the pryson with your Idolatrie The gaoler hauing first beaten him vppon this laid him in a low pit laden with yrons that his legs were swollen withall and there continued 8. daies A little before perceiuing the priest his host to haue fallen and to haue flatly renounted his profession after certaine instruction and warning to repent hee tolde him his life should be neuer the longer for he should die before him and not for Gods cause and that he should be an ensample to all apostataes he had no sooner ended his talk Gods vengeance but the priest going out of prison was slaine by two gentlemen which had a quarrell to him At the place of his execution the trumpets blew to hinder the people from hearing his exhortation so first being strangled hee was consumed with fire Crisp lib. 6. The same yere Nicholas Startorius N. Startorius was attached by Ripet a Secretarie and burned at Ost by Piedmount being first tried with the rack He was afterward burned being of the age of 26. He was apprehended for blaming a frier that preached false doctrine Crisp li. 6. An. 1558. George Tardife 1558 G. Tardil was burned at Senes Another at Tours a broiderer of that place Nic. a shomaker at Ienuile Nicholas was yong who when he was condēned and set in the Cart his father comming with a staffe woulde haue beaten him The father against the sonne but the officers not suffering that would haue stroken the old mā The sonne seeing that cryed out saying he had authoritie ouer him and therfore desired them to suffer him finally hauing a ball of iron put in his mouth hée was consumed with fire Crisp lib. 6. An assembly of three or foure hundred of the faithfull at Paris Anno 1558. the fourth of September a company of the faithfull to the number of three or foure hundred were assembled at Paris in a certaine house hauing before it the colledge of Plessis in the stréete of S. Iames and behind it the colledge of Sorbone who there assembled in the beginning of the night to communicate the Lordes supper were discouered by the Priests of Plessis who made outcry vpon them that the whole citie almost was in armour The gouernours of the congregation exhorted the people to constancy and fell to praier That done through the councel of some which knew the cowardly hearts of the multitude order was taken that the men which had weapons shoulde venture through the presse onely the women and children remained in the house a few men with them which were lesse bolde to the number of sixe or seuen score where appeared the wonderful work of God in thē that went out with weapons which notwithstanding that the lanes and passages were stopped A maruellous deliuerance and fires made did all escape saue onely one who was beaten downe with stones and so destroied Certaine that remained in the house afterward lept into gardens where they were staied till the magistrates came The women who were all of great wealth only sixe or seuen excepted perceyuing the furie of the people wente vp to the windowes crying mercie shewing their innocent intent required iustice ordinarie Thus as they were inclosed six or seuen houres came Martin the kings Atturney with force of Commissaries and Sergeants who entring the house and viewing of the furniture the women and children for pitie coulde not refraine from teares Notwithstanding procéeding in his office he had them all to prison in the litle Castle In the meane time all manner of slaunderous reports were raised of them as incest conspiracie killing of children c. which rumour the Cardinall of Lorrain The cardinall of Lorraine a slanderer of the faithfull did greatly confirme The brethren which escaped hearing this consulted first to humble themselues with praier before God in their priuate families Secondly to stop the brutes running of their assemblies to write Apologies one to the king An Apologie to the king another to the people The Apologie to the king nothing preuailed who was perswaded that all was but pretenced excuses The other to the people did great good in satisfying the rumours and defending the good cause of the Gospell against which Apologies and persons diuerse Sorbonists began to write one called Doctor Demochares the other Cualis Bishop of Auranches besides these yet a third Sorbonist And finally the 17. of September diuerse of the poore afflicted Christians were brought forth to their martyrdome a great part of them being deliuered by the intercessiō of the Germans who were then in a certaine colloquie at Wormes albeit certaine of the company were executed before the comming of the Germane Embassadors whose names doo here ensue Nicholas Clynet Nicholas Clynet and other martyrs one of the Elders of the congregation at Paris before schoolemaister at Santong where hée was borne was there pursued and had his image burned hée did so ouerthrowe Maillardone one of the chéefe Sorbonistes and a notorious Sodomite the Lieutenant that he confessed he neuer heard a man better learned and of more intelligēce With him suffered also Taurin Grauell an elder also of the same congregation first a student of the law in Tholouse then an aduocate in the court of Paris the third a gentlewoman of thrée and twenty yéeres of age named Phillip de Luns widow of the Lord of Graueron they had al their toongues first cut out and then suffered the fire with great constancie specially Grauell and the widdow who
paide for the will of Syr William Compton knight as Syr Henrie Guilforde knight one of the executors declared in open Parliament The second cause the great polling which the spirituall men vsed in taking of corpes presents or mortuaries The thirde that priestes being surueyors stewards and officers to Bishops Abbots c. had and occupied farmes graunges and grasing in euery countrey The fourth cause was that Abbots Priors and spirituall men kept Tannehouses and bought and solde wooll cloth and all manner of marchandise as other temporall marchants did The fift cause was their non residencie from their flocks and residencie in the court of Lords houses The sixt was that vnlearned priestes had tenne or twelue benefices and learned scholers in the vniuersities wanted both benefice and exhibition all which grieuances were redressed the same parliament During the same parliament there was brought downe to the commons the booke of Articles which the Lordes had put vp to the king against the Cardinall the chiefe whereof were these First that hée without the Kinges consent had procured himselfe to bée Legate Articles against the Cardinall 2. In all writinges that hee wrote to Rome he wrote I and my King 3. That hée slaundered the Church of Englande to the Court of Rome I and my king which hée saide was facta in reprobum sensum 4. Hée without the Kinges assent carried the great seale with him into Flaunders when hee was sent Embassadour to the Emperour 5. Without the kinges consent hee sent commission to Iohn Gregorie de Cassalis Knight to conclude a league betweene the king and the Duke of Ferrarie 6. That he hauing the Frenchpockes presumed to come and breath on the king The Cardinall had the Frēchpocks The Cardinal confesseth the Articles 7. That hee caused the Cardinals hatte to bee put on the kinges coyne 8. That hee had sent innumerable substance to Rome for the obtayning of his dignities to the impouerishing of the Realme These Articles were confessed all of the Cardinall and assigned with his hand Anno. 1531. Notwithstanding the kings goodnesse towardes him the Cardinall being in his Dioces The Cardinal vnthankfull to the king wrote to the Court of Rome and to diuers other Princes letters in reproche of the king and endeuoured to winne fauour of the people with pompe and great gifts to the Gentlemen which the king although he knew his doings dissembled all that yeare till he saw his heart so lifte vp with pride that hee thought it not conuenient to suffer him any longer so he directed his letters to the Earle of Northumberland The Cardinall arrested and prisoned willing him with all diligence to arrest him and to deliuer him to the Earle of Shrewsburie which was accordingly done and the vi day of Nouember he was conueied from Cawood to Sheffielde Castle and there deliuered to the Earle of Shrewesburies keeping When the Cardinall was thus arrested the king sent Sir William Kingstone knight Captaine of the Garde and Constable of the Tower of London to fetch the Cardinall to the Tower when the Cardinall saw the Captain of the Garde he was so sore astonished that shortly after hee became sicke men said he willingly tooke such quantitie of a strong purgation that his nature was not able to beare it and the matter that came from him was so blacke that the stayning thereof could not be gotten out of the Blankettes by any meanes By easie iourneies he was brought to the Abbey of Leicester the xxvij day of Nouember where for very feeblenesse of nature The Cardinall dieth caused by purgations and vomits he died the second night following and there lyeth buried It is testified by one yet liuing in whose armes the Cardinall died that his bodie being dead was blacke as pitche and was so heauie that sixe could scarce beare him and furthermore did so stincke aboue the ground The Cardinals bodie did stinke aboue ground that they were constrayned to hasten the buriall thereof in the night season before it was day At the which buriall such a tempeste with such a stinke there arose that all the Torches went out and so he was throwen into the Tombe This Cardinall founded a new Colledge in Oxford for the furniture whereof he had gathered together all the best learned he could heare of amongst which number were these Clarke Tyndall Sommer Frith and Tauerner with other mo Which holding assemblie together in the Colledge were counted to be Heretikes and thereupon were cast into a prison of the Colledge where was kept Saltfish through the stinke whereof the most part of them were infected and Clarke thereof died being young and tender and a man of singular learning among them all And other in other places in the Towne also of the same infection deceassed In the time of the Cardinall Master Humfrey M. Humfrey who was a right godly and sincere Alderman of London was troubled and put in the Tower for the Gospel of Christ and for the mainteyning of them that fauoured the same but at length he was forced to abiure Abiure and after was made knight by the king and Sheriffe of London Anno 1530. Thomas Hitten 1530. Tho. Hitten Martyr a Preacher at Maidstone after long torments sundry imprisonments by Wil. Warham Bishop of Caunterburie and Fisher Bishop of Rochester was burned at Maidston for the testimonie of the trueth Anno 1531. Thomas Bilney 1531. Tho. Bilney of Cambridge professour of both Lawes conuerted Thomas Arthur and M. Hugh Latimer then Crossebearer at Cambridge on procession daies and preached against the intollerable pride of the Cleargie and the authoritie of the Bishop of Rome being associate with Arthur whereof the Cardinall hearing cast him into prison and anno 1527. accompanied with a great number of Bishops as Caunterburie Cutbert of London Iohn of Rochester c. came into the chapterhouse at Westminster where Bilney Arthur were brought before them Where the Cardinall demaunded whether Bilney had preached any of the opinions of Luther contrarie to the Catholike Church Whereto Bilney answered negatiuely being asked againe of the Cardinall whether he had not taken an oath not to preach or defend any of the opinions of Luther he graunted he had so sworne but not lawfully Which Interrogatories so ministred and answere made the Cardinal caused him to sweare to answere plainly to the Articles and errours preached and set foorth by him Who hauing béene thus sworne and examined the Cardinal procéeded to the examination of M. Arthur there present causing him to take the like oath Then the Cardinall and the Bishops by their authoritie ex officio did call for witnesses against M. Bilney Iohn Huggen chéefe Prouinciall of the Fryers Preachers throughout all England Geffrey Iulles and Richard Iugwoorth Professors of diuinitie of the same order Also W. Ierkett Gentleman William Nelson and Thomas Williās and so the Cardinall because he was otherwise occupied in the affaires
hand and it fell from his bodie but he continuyng in prayer without moouing On Wednesday the xxj of Aprill the yéere 1529. Iohn Tewksburie who was conuerted by reading of Tindals testament the wicked Mammon he had also the bible written was brought into the cōsistorie at London before Cutbert bishop of London and his assistants Henry bishop of S. Asse Iohn abbot of Westminster was examined of diuerse errors as they called them in the booke of the wicked Mammon The booke of the wicked Mammon Which Iohn Teuksbury iustified for truth thrée sessions he appéered manfully stood to the truth being examined of articles touching Antechrist iustificatiō by works saints almes other mens praiers for vs c. The examination of which articles being doone the B. of London did exhort him againe to recant and appointed him to determine with himselfe against the next session in whiche session he submitted himselfe and abiured Iohn Teuksbury recanteth and was appointed penāce the eight of Maie Anno 1529. Two yéeres after hauing receiued more grace and strength at Gods hands moued by the example of Bayfield that had before done the like he returned to the cōstant professiō of the truth Iohn Teuksbury repenteth being apprehended was brought before sir T. Moore and the B. of London where certaine articles were obiected against him touching faith kéeping of forbidden bookes purgatorie sacraments of the altar c. confessing his articles the bishop pronounced sentence and deliuered him to the Shiriffes of London Richard Gresham and Edward Altam Teuksbury burnt who burned him in Smithfield vpon S. Thomas euen the xx of December This yéere Edward Frese Edward Frese first apprentice to a painter in the city of York who for his pregnancie of wit his yers were redéemed by the Abbot of Bersie Abbey and became a nouice but after long space not liking that trade he ran away and came to Colchester in Essex where he followed his vocation married a wife and liued honestly After he had béen there a good time he was hyred to paint certaine clothes for the new Inne which is in the middle of the market place in the border of which cloathes he wrote certaine sentences of scripture for which he was apprehēded in the same Inne and brought to Fulham to the B. house where he was cruelly imprisoned with one Iohnson and his wife of Colchester Wyly with his wife and sonne Bread made of sawdust and father Bate of Rowshedge they were fed with manchet made with the greater part of sawdust and were so straightly kept that their wiues and friends might not come at them After the painter had béen there a long space by much suit he was remoued to Lollards towre his wife in the meane time of his suit whiles he was yet at Fulham béeing desirous to sée her husband pressing to come in at the gate then big with child the porter lift vp his foote Crueltie and stroke her on the belly that at length she died of the same but the childe was destroyed immediatly After that they were al stocked for a long time afterward they were let loose in their prisons agayn This paynter because he wold alwaies be writing on the walles with chalk to their discontentment was manacled by the wrists til the flesh of his armes was grown higher thē his yrons wherby he could not keame his head that his haire was folded together After the death of his wife by suit of his brethrē to the king he was brought out into the consistorie of Paules and as his brethren reported they kept him iij. daies without meate before he came to his answere so that with imprisonment and hunger the man grew out of his wittes which when they had procured by crueltie they sent him againe to Bersie Abbie but he would not tarrie among them and so continued out of his wits till his dying day His brother Valentine Freese and his wife Valentine Freese and his wife gaue their liues at one stake in Yorke for the testimonie of the truth Father Bate gate out of the pryson in a darke night and was caught no more but died shortly after In this yéere Frier Roice Frier Roice was burned in Portingall for the truth In the beginning of this yéere the Bishops who had burned Tindals testaments The Bishops commaunded to make a trāslation of the Bible were inioyned by the King to cause a new Translation to be made notwithstanding which commaundement they did nothing at all But contrary in the moneth of Maie the Bishoppe of London caused all the translations of Tindall and many other Bookes whiche hée had bought to bée burned in Paules Churchyarde Iames Baynam Iames Baynā who married the wife of Simon Fish a Gentleman of the middle Temple was accused to sir Thomas Moore lord Chancellour and arested of a sergeant at armes and carried to the Chancellours house at Chelsey where he continued in frée prison vntill sir Thomas Moore perceyued he could doo no good of him Then he put him in prison in his owne house and whipped him at a trée in his garden called the trée of Truth and after sent him to the Tower to bée racked and so he was Sir Thomas beyng present himselfe till in a manner he had lamed him because he would not accuse the Gentlemen of the Temple of his acquaintaunce nor shew where his bookes laie And because his wife denied them to be in his house she was sent to the Fléete their goods confiscate After they had thus practised against him by torments then was be brought before I. Stokesley B. of London the xv of December An. 1531. in the towne of Chelsey there examined touching purgatorie Intercession of Saints Confession vowes concerning Luthers marriage the Sacrament of anneyling of Baptisme whether matrimonie were a Sacrament for his bookes of Scripture and what he iudged of Tindall c. to which articles he subscribed according to the truth The next day following he appeared in the same place as before Iames Baynam submitteth after much persuasion he submitted himself the B. notwithstanding committed him to one of the Counters for further triall And the yéere 1532. In the moneth of Februarie he was called for againe and although he was yet abiured not yet séemed he to satisfie the Chancellor so he was for that present returned to his prison againe and the viij day of February appeared as before and made a full abiuration and subscribed it Which doone the Chancellour put him to his fine to pay twentie pound to the king and inioyned him penance to go before the Crosse in Procession at Paules and to stand before the Preacher at Paules crosse during the Sermon with a fagot on his shoulder and so to returne with the Summer againe to prison there to abide the Bishops determination Iames Baynā repenteth And so the 17. of Februarie he was dismissed
and vttered his diuerse argumentes where hée desired to be satisfied The matter was concerning the Sacrament of the body and bloud of Christ Tailor desired him to deferre the matter till another tyme and to wryte his minde whiche hée did and at last it brake out to bée a publicke matter so that he was sent for by the Archbishop of Canturbury and was forced to defend his cause openly In that disputation it is said that Lambert did appeale from the Bishops to the king and the rumour of the disputation was spred to the court Now at this time Stephen Gardiner then bishop of Winchester A wicked persuasion was in authoritie among the kinges Counsellours and perswaded the kinge by the burning of Lambert to quiet the people who grudged at diuerse of his dooinges bothe touchyng his diuorce and pullinge downe the Popes pride and thereby to declare how stoutly he would resist Heretikes whereby the people might take some contentment So by these perswasions a day was set Lambert brought forth where besides he had the kings fierce countenance against him Lambert disputeth he had x. disputers against him frō xij of the clocke till v. at night among which were the archbishop Stephen Gardiner Tunstall B. of Durham Stokesley bishop of London In fine through Winchesters perswasion to gratifie the people the king himselfe condemned Lambert and commanded Cromwell the chiefe friend of the gospellers to read the sentēce The king condemneth Lambert Cromwell readeth the sentence against Lambert Cromwell craueth pardon of Lambert Vpon the day that was appointed for this holy martyr to suffer he was brought out of the prison at viij of the clocke in the morning vnto the house of the L. Cromwell so caried into his inner chamber where as it is reported of many Cromwell desired him of forgiuenes for that he had doone from thence he was brought into the hall and so into Smithfield where he suffered most terrible torments for after his legges were burned vp to the stumps that the wretched tormentors had withdrawē the fire from him so that but a small fire was left vnder him two that stood on each side of him with their halbards pitched him vpon their pikes as farre as the chaine would reach then he lifting vp such handes as he had and his fingers euer flaming with fier cried vnto the people in these wordes Lambert a worthy martyr None but Christ none but Christ and so beyng let downe againe from their Halbards he fell into the fire yéelded vp the ghost Lamberts treatice of the Sacrament During the time that he was in the Archbishops house he wrote a treatise to the king touching the Sacrament wherein he prooued that the bodie could be but in one place and that the Sacrament was a mysticall matter The same yéere 1538. Robert Packington Mercer brother of Austen aboue mentioned because he little fauoured the clergie being a man of courage and a burges of the parliament house for the Cittie and was thought to haue had some conference with the king to the disaduauntage of the clergie at fiue of the clocke in the morning as he was woont going from his house in Cheapside to prayers at a church called S. Thomas of Acres but nowe Mercers chappell he was slaine with a gun by an Italian Robert Packington slaine going to prayers whome D. Incent Deane of Paules had hired for lx crownes to doo that feat as he himselfe afterward on his death bed confessed The same yéere was Collins a mad man and his dogge burned Collins his dogge burned together because as the priest lifted his God so Collins in the Church at the same time lifted his dogge ouer his head his dogge was burnt also with him Likewise another mad man called Cowbridge Cowbridge was burned at Oxford the same yéere who what euer his madnesse was before yet in the middes of the flame he lifting vp his hand to heauen soberly and discréetly called vpon the name of the Lord Iesus and so departed About the same time and yéere Putdewe Putdewe was put to death for saying merily to a priest after he had drunke the wine he blessed the hungrie people with the emptie Chalice At the same time also was condēned W. Letton Williā Letton a moonke of Aye in the Countie of Suffolke was burned at Norwich for speaking against an idoll that was vsed to be carried in procession at Aye and for holding that the Sacrament ought to bée ministred in both kindes Somewhat before the burning of these men Nich. Peke Nicholas Peke was burned at Ipswich and when the firres were set on fire he was so scorched that he was as blacke as pitch Doctor Reading standing there before him with Doctor Heirre and Doctor Springwell hauing a long white wande in his hand did knocke him vpon the right shoulder and sayde Peke recant and beléeue in the Sacrament The notable courage of the martyr to whom Peke answeared I defie thée and it also and with greate violence hee spatte from him blood which came by reason the veynes brake in his bodie for extreme anguish Which when hée saide Doctor Reading graunted by the authoritie of the Bishoppe of Norwich fourtie dayes of pardon to so many as should cast a sticke to burne the heretike wherevpon Baron Curson Sir Iohn Audley knight and others were moued so to do and cutte downe boughes and threw them into the fire This yéere the king was againe required by the Emperour and other States to be a sender to the generall Counsell at Vincence For the Duke of Mantua woulde suffer none there The king againe refuseth the Counsell except the pope would with a sufficient armie gard this city The king again refused and sendeth his protestation in way of defence for himselfe to the Emperour and other Christian princes which he concludeth with this farewell Thus mighty Emperour fare yée most heartely wel and you Christian princes The kings farewell to the princes Anno Reg. the pillers and stay of Christendome fare ye heartily wel also you what people soeuer you are which doe desire that the Gospel and glory of God may flourish fare ye heartily well As Thomas Cromwell fauoured the Gospel so Stephan Gardiner B. of Winchester practised all he coulde against the same and wrought so with the king that the yéere 1539. seuere Iniunctions were set out by the kinges authoritie against English scripture bookes without examination against translations Search iniunctions without the authors name were put to it against sacramentaries that no man should dispute of the sacrament with the rest the canon of Becket rased c. and in fine so was he nusled by Winchester that Anno 1540. 1540. The king nusled by Winchester The whippe with vi strings The vi Articles He summoned a parlament to be holden at Westminster the xxviij of Aprill also a synode of
prelates in which the sixe articles were concluded touching matters of religion which were commonly called the whippe with sixe strings The first article was concerning transubstantiation 2 Against the communicating in both kindes 3. That priestes might not marry after the order of priesthood receiued 4. that the vowes of chastity made aboue 21. yéeres of age of widowhood aduisedly made should be obserued 5. The establishing of priuate masses 6. Auricular confession to be expedient The punishment for breach of the first article was burning without any abiuration with losse of all goods lands as in case of treason Treason Felonie the default against the other fiue articles was fellony without any benefit of cleargy c. Against these articles only D. Cranmer Cranmer disputeth against the vi articles Archbishop of Canterbury stood vp and thrée daies disputed against them with such strength of reason that the king who euer bare especall fauour vnto him well liking his zelous defence onlie willed him to depart out of the parlament house vnto the Counsell chamber for a time for safegarde of his conscience till the Act shoulde passe and bée graunted which hée notwithstanding with humble protestation refused to doe After the parlament was finished the king sent the Lord Cromwell who in few dayes after was apprehended the twoo Dukes of Norfolke and Suffolke and all the Lordes of the parlament house to dyne with the Archbishoppe at Lambith and to comfort him and within few daies also vpon the same required that hee woulde giue a note of all his doings and reasons in the said parliament which Cranmer eftsoones accomplished accordingly and sent the copie thereof to the king Besides these sixe Articles in the same parliament was ordained that if Priestes were taken in Adultery or Fornication and duely conuict for their not Caste nor Caute at first tyme they shoulde forfaite their goods Against adultery and fornication of priests and for the second faulte be taken and executed as fellons this was brought in by the Lord Cromwels aduise Who if he might haue had his will the firste crime of these concubinarie Priestes aswell as the second no doubt had béene punished with death but so Gardiner did barre that article with his shifts that the first was losse of goodes and the second death and the next yéere he so prouided that the paine of death by Act of parlament was cleane repealed So that by this statute it was prouided Death for adulterie repeated for all such votaries as liued in whordome and adultery For the first offence to lose his goodes and all his spiritual promotions except one For the second to forfeite all that he had to the king For the third conuiction to sustaine continual imprisonment Anno 1541. The eight and twentith day of Iuly the noble lord Cromwell the maule of the Pope and Papists in this land and the great fauourer of the gospell was put to death at Tower hill 1541. Cromwell the maule of the P. put to death The crimes obiected against him were first heresie and that he was a supporter of Barnes Clarke and many other whom by his authoritie and letters written to Sheriffes and Iustices in diuers Shires he had discharged out of prison Also that hee did disperse bookes of heresies among the kinges Subiects Item that he caused to be translated into English diuers bookes that conteined matter against the Sacrament c. Besides all this there were brought in certaine witnesses which charged him with wordes that he should speake against the king in the Church of S. Peter the poore in the xxx yere of the kings reigne In the moneth of Iuly during the Parliament being in the Counsell chamber he was sodainly attainted and carried to the Tower the xix of the moneth of Iulie the xxviij day put to death He was borne of a simple parentage at Putney or there abouts being a Smiths sonne his mother married after to a Sherman Cromwell The life of L. Cromwell being ripe of yéeres was at Antwerp retained to be secretarie to the merchants there From whence being procured by Geffery Chambers with another companion whom the men of Boston sent to Rome for the renewing of their priuiledges to go to Rome and aid them in their suite he departed and accompanied the Boston mens Ambassadours to Rome where he aduised with himselfe how he might haue best accesse vnto the pope and best dispatch of his busines and hauing knowledge how that the popes holy tooth greatly delighted in new fangled strange delicates it came into his mind to prepare certaine fine dishes of gelly made after our countrey maner here in England which to them of Rome was not knowen nor séene before This done Cromwell obseruing his time as the pope was newly come from hunting into his pauiliō hée with his companions approched with his English presents brought in with a thréemans song as we call it in the English tongue and all after the English fashion The pope sodainly marueiling at the strangenes of the song and vnderstanding that they were Englishmen and that they came not emptie handed willed them to be called in Cromwel there shewing his obedience and offring this iolie Iunkets such as kings Princes onely vsed said he in the Realm of Englande to féede on desired that to be accepted in good part which he his companions as poore Suters vnto his Holinesse had there brought and presented as Nouelties méete for his recreation Pope Iulius so liked their Iunkets that he desired to know the making of their daynties And vnderstanding their suites without any more adoe stamped both their pardons both the greater and the England the king also wrote in like manner to Boner his Ambassadour to assist the doers thereof in all their reasonable suites whereto the king of Fraunce gaue licence Boner shewed himselfe very diligent about the worke The Bible in English printed at Paris So the booke was printed euen to the last part then was quarrels picked to the printer who was sent for to the inquisitors of the faith there charged with certaine articles of heresie Then were sent for the Englishmen that were at the cost charge therof Richard Grafton and Whitchurch the corrector Miles Couerdale but hauing warning what would follow the Englishmen posted away leauing behind them their Bibles to the number of 2500. called the Bibles of the great volume and neuer recouered any of them sauing the Lieuetenant criminal sold foure great dryfats of them to an Haberdasher to lap in caps and those were brought again but the rest were burnt at the place called Maulbert in Paris But notwithstanding the losse after they had recouered some part of the foresaid books and were comforted and incouraged by the L. Cromwell the same men went agayne to Paris and there got the presses letters and seruants of the foresaid printer and brought them to London and there they became
iudged as periured persons to weare papers in Windsor and Ockam to stande vpon the Pillorie at Newberie where he was borne False Iudges and accusers punished The iudgement of the thrée was to ride about Windsor Reading and Newberie with papers on their heads and their faces turned to the horsetailes and so to stande vpon the Pillorie in euerie of those Townes for false accusation of the forenamed Martyrs and for periurie Anno 1539. There was commission sent to Calice to enquire of heresie through a complaint made of the entertainement and accepting of Adam Damlip alias George Bucker who there for xx dayes or more preached euery day at vii of the clocke He preached very godly sermōs against Transubstantiation and adoration of the sacrament Damlip by this Commission was cited and appeared before the Archb. of Canterbury Winchester Chichester and diuers others before whom constantly he mainteined the trueth of the sacrament and being dismissed for that time enioyned to appeare the next day Adam Damlip by the secret warning of the archb of Cant. he stept aside into the West countrey while great trouble was kindled against Gods people in Calice namely against sir W. Smith curate a zelous preacher T. Brook R. Hare sir I. Butler then Commissarie Iames Cocke alias Coppē Persecution in Calice D. Lane I Barber and others Of the which persons T. Brooke R. Hare Coppen D. Lane I. Barber were apprehended and sent ouer and committed to prison in Westminster gate and then commaunded to appeare before the Archb. Winchester Chichester and ten other appointed by the kings maiestie Sir W. Smith preacher and I. Butler by commandement were apprehended in Calice and boūd by suretie not to passe the boundes of Calice Sir William Smith was accused to preach against our ladie and praying to saints good works c. Brooke for speaking against the sacrament Rafe Hare for speaking against holy bread holy water Butler was charged to haue mainteined Adam Damlippe for which he was dismissed of his Commissariship And it was determined that sir W. Smith Rafe Hare Iames Cock and Iames Barber should be sent to Calice and there to abiure and do penance where sir Williā Smith was enioyned to make the sermon R. Hare I. Cock and Iames Barber there standing with fagots vpon their shoulders sauing because he dwelled there Barber was enioyned to beare his fagot iiij miles of Calice on the market day where sir W. Smith preached also as before and so ordered the matter in his sermon that in effect he denied nothing he had taught before His accuser was one R. Long a man at armes in Calice who falsly swore that he had eaten flesh in Lent at Brookes house after which oath he hauing taken displeasure some way ran out of his house and in the eyes of a number of people went drowned himselfe After this commission which was executed by M. Greenfield sir I. Butler the K. mason others through the rage of the enimy and complaint to the king that the commons were in perill through dissention of opinions there were sent ouer new commissioners the earle of Sussex lord great Chamberlaine the lord S. Iohn sir Iohn Gage knight sir Iohn Baker knight M. Layton clerke of the closet and D. Currin with speciall instructions besides signed with the kings owne hand so that if God had not taken compassion there had an hundreth béene burnt or hanged shortly after but it hapned far otherwise for of the number of those accusors iiij were by the cōmissioners sent ouer into England to wit Clement Philpot seruant to the L. Lisle sir Edmund curate of our Ladies church Thomas Towchet a postmaister Peter Requet Gods iudgement and deliuerance of his people of the which Philpot and the Curat were drawne hanged and quartered at London and contrarily of them that were accused not one lost an haire of his head Inquisition being made Thomas Brooke aforementioned was committed to ward and so were Anthony Pickering Gent. Henry Turney gentleman Sir George Darby priest Iohn Shepheard William Pellam William Reuerdall Iohn Whitewood Iohn Boote Robert Clodder Copen de Lane Mathew de Lound sent to close prison William Stephens likewise who was Adam Damlips host The L. Lisle dieth in the Tower was sent into England and clapt in the Tower and after him the L. Lisle deputie who died in the Tower The seconde day after Easter Thomas Brooke was sent for and committed to close prison in the maiors gaole and George Brodway was suborned by the Counsel of Calice who threatened him greatly if he woulde not burthen Brooke with some concealementes which he at length by straite imprisonment threats did and set to his hand that Brooke had for a long time concealed foure groates euery day for his Clarkes wages for which after a while Brodway being gréeued in his conscience with a knife wēt about to cut his owne throte had not the gaoler preuēted him who heard him grone with the pain he felt of the woūd after through guilt of conscience and shame he fell out of his wittes Gods iudgement vpon a false accuser Of this dealing with Brooke his wife gaue intelligence to the lord Cromwell wherein shée desired the lord Cromwell to be a meanes to the king that the afflicted and their causes might be heard in England which he with spéed did accomplish and wrote to the Commissioners in the kings name that Brooke and xij or xx of his complices should be sent ouer into England with their accusers Now by the time that the Commissioners had receiued these letters they had made out precepts for viij or ix score honest men more to be cast in prison but these Letters appalled and staied them notwithstanding they banished the men before named out of the towne for an hundreth yeres and sent them back to prison staying them there vpon hope that the Lord Cromwell should sooner come into captiuitie then he did but at last they sent xiij prisoners with Brook who within xxiiij houres were at anker before the Tower wharfe whom when the Lord Cromwell vnderstood to be come he commanded their yrons to be smote off at the tower wharfe and the prisoners to be brought vnto him whom hee greatly comforted After that they were sent to the Fleete and whiles they were in the Fleete and William Steuens in the tower the xix day of Iuly Anno 1541 the Lorde Cromwell their great fauourer was beheaded at Tower hill so that all hope seemed to them to haue beene vtterly lost of any deliuerance but the Lord had them in remembrance and stirred vp the Lord Awdley L. Awdley a friend to the afflicted Lord Chauncellour of England without further examination to deliuer them And at length two yeres after he deliuered William Steeuens also by the kings owne motion The vniust Coūsellers who charged the Towne with sedition and heresie fell afterward into the kings displeasure and
the racking of Anne Askew was greatly displeased therewith The day of her executiō being appointed she was brought into Smithfield in a chaire because she could not go on her féete by reason of her racking and was girded by the middle with a chaine that might hold vp her bodie and so was shée with her fellowes a witnesse of the truth and sealer of the same with her bloud Anne Askew hauing letters of pardon offered her at the stake by Wrisley lord Chancellour if shée would recant she refused so much as to looke on them They were there also offered to the rest The martyrs had pardon at the stake but they by her example were confirmed and likewise refused the same About the same time and yéere Doctor Ripse bishop of Norwich did incite the old duke of Northfolke against Rogers in the countie of Northfolke who was condemned and suffered for the cause of the sixe Articles An. 1546. Winchester practized against Q. Catherine Parre the last wife to king Henry who was very zealous towardes the Gospell Winchester practiseth against the life of the Queene and had perswaded with the king to make a perfect reformation and so farre he preuailed with the king persuading him of the factious disposition of the gospellers and of the daungerous example of the Quéene his wife that before that he and the L. Chancellor and others who conspired together against her departed the king had giuen out cōmandement with warrant to certaine of them made for that purpose to consult together about drawing of certaine articles against the Quéene wherein her life might be touched which the king by their persuasions pretended not to spare hauing any rigor or colour of law to coūtenance the matter With which cōmission they departed that time from the king resolued to put their pernitious practise in executiō first determined to deale with those whō they knew were great about her as the Lady Harbert afterward the Countesse of Penbrooke and sister to the Quéene and chiefe of her priuie chamber the lady Lane being of her priuie chamber and also her cosin Germane the lady Terwit beyng of her priuie chamber It was deuised that these thrée should first of all haue béene accused brought to answere to the six articles and vpon their apprehension in the court their closets and coffers should haue béen searched that somewhat might haue béene found whereby the Quéene might be charged which being found she her selfe presently should haue béene taken likewise caried by barge in the night to the Tower To all this the king séemed to giue his assent and afterward opened all the matter to D. Wendy his Physicion charging him withall vpon perill of his life not to vtter it to any person Now the time drawing nigh when they minded to put their mischéefes in practise the bill of articles drawne out against the Quéene and subscribed with the Kinges owne hand falling from the bosome of one of those wicked counsellours was found and taken vp of some godly person and brought immediatly to the Quéene who séeing the same fell into a marueilous perplexitie almost to the perill and daunger of her life whereof the king hearing he sent his Phisition Wendie and came also himselfe to comfort her to whom she delared her griefe but the king gaue her most comfortable wordes and so when he had tarried an houre with her he departed Shée afterwardes being recouered came to the King and founde suche fauour with him and had so satisfied him in those thinges The king much altered concerning their practises against the Queene for which the Prelates conspired against her that his minde was fully altered and detested in his heart the bloudie conspiracie of those Traytours who yet notwithstanding the next day determined to haue carried the Quéene to the Tower and at the houre appointed the Lord Chauncellour with fourtie of the garde at his héeles commeth into the garden where the Quéene was with the King and those thrée Ladies in pleasaunt communication fully determining from thence to haue taken the Quéene and those thrée Ladies and to haue carried them to the Tower whom the King stearnely beholding and breaking of his myrth with the Quéene stepped aside and called him knaue arrant knaue beast and foole The Queene deliuered from her daunger and commaunded him presently to auoide out of his presence So departed the Chauncellour with his train and all his deuises brought to naught and the subtletie of Gardiner discouered who was alwayes a cruell enimie against the Gospell and professors of the same Gardiner not onely practised in England against reformation but also when the King was minded to reforme in England he being Ambassadour beyond the seas for the agréement of a league betwéene England Fraunce and the Emperour he wrote vnto the king and perswaded him that if he procéeded to alter any whit in England in matters of religion the league would not go forwarde whereby the Kinges determinate purpose for that time was altered although before he had commanded the Archb. Cranmer to cause two letters in his name to be drawne for the abolishing of Roodlofts and ringing on allhallow night After this Anno 1546. The matter of reformation beganne to be reuiued and the French king and the king of England did agrée to make a perfect reformation The kings of England and France agree to make a perfect reformatiō of religion and were so fully resolued therein that they meant also to exhort the Emperour to doe the same in Flaunders and other his countries or else to breake off from him And herein the king commaunded the Archbishop Cranmer to penne a forme thereof to bée sent to the French king to consider of but by the death of these Princes that purpose was cut off About this time Sir Hugh Cauerley knight maister Litleton falsly accused Sir George Blage one of the kings priuie chamber the sunday before Anne Askew suffered before Wriseley Lord Chauncellour Sir George Blage condemned to be burned the next day he was carried to Newgate from thence to the guild hall where he was condemned the same day and appointed to be burned the wednesday after They laid to him that he shold say that if a mouse did eate the bread they should by his consent hang vp the mouse with other such light matters When the King vnderstood hereof hée was sore offended with their doinges and sent him his pardon and so was he set at liberberty Who comming after to the kings presence ah my pig said the king to him for so he was wont to call him Yea said he if your maiestie had not béene befter vnto me then your Bishoppes were your pigge had béene rosted ere this time After the death of Anne Askew the Prelates made out straight proclamation against English bookes of scripture and whatsoeuer might giue any light to the word and drew out a number of heresies as they call them out
Bishop sent Robert Iohnson his register to the Commissioners sitting at Lambith and attending his appearaunce to signifie to them hee was sicke and so could not come The twentieth of September hée appeared nowe the fift time and hauing made a slender and doubtfull answere refused Syr Thomas Smithes iudgement because hée sawe him sharper bent agaynst him then the rest and made also his appeale to the King and withall verye vnreuerently behaued himselfe towardes the Commissioners For which cause Maister Secretarie Smith commaunded the Marshalles deputie to take Boner Prisoner and to keepe him that no man might come vnto him and assigned him to be brought before them againe on Mundaye nexte before noone betwéene seuen and nine of the clocke At which time hée appeareth and maketh a generall refusall of all the commissioners and sticketh to his former prouocations and protestations Then the Commissioners séeyng his pertinacie pronounced him Contumax and declared him pro confesso vpon all the articles which hée had not answered Boner pronoūced contumax pro confesso and determined to continue this case in state as it was vntill Friday then next following betwéen eight and nine before noone assigning Boner to be there before them at Lambith to heare a finall decrée of that matter Vpon which Friday for diuers vrgent causes the Commissioners coulde not sitte but deferred it till Tuesday the first of October next ensuing Vpon which day they offered yet fauour to Boner if hée woulde make more direct answere but hée persisting in his contumacie with euill spéeches the Archbishoppe with the consent of the rest of the Commissioners read the sentence of depriuation Boner depriued and committed him againe to his kéeper where he remained prisoner till the death of the King Nowe béeing prisoner in the Marshallsea he writeth vnto the Lorde Chauncellour and to the rest of the Counsell that through the enmity that the Duke of Somerset and Sir Thomas Smith bare him hée coulde not haue hearing of his suites to the King and Counsel He directeth also a supplication to the kings maiestie and desired his Graces letters of supersideas against the Commissioners and that the matter might be heard before the Counsell Whervpon the the K. committeth the examination of the whole processe vnto certaine noble personages and skilfull in the lawe as the Lorde Riche Lord Chauncellour the Lorde Treasurer the Lord Marques Dorset the Bishop of Eli the Lorde Wentworth c. which founde Boner in great fault of contumacy the procéedings being al iust and the sentence rightly giuen With the depriuation of Boner fell out the trouble of the Lord Protector L. protector wherevpon the people thinking the abrogating of poperie was his onely dooing bruted abroad that now they should haue their old Latine seruice againe with other superstitious trumperie Which caused the king his Counsell to direct letters to all Bishops to take away all Massals Grailes Processionals Manuals Legendes Portuases Iournals c. which might be any let to the English prayer Booke Also the Bishops were enioyned to punish all those that refused to giue to the charge of Bread and Wine for the Communion This was ahout the latter end of December 1549. In the next yéere following Altars were taken downe Altars taken downe by the kings commaundement and the Communion table placed in stéed thereof in forme of a table not of an altar as most agréeable to the institution of Christ About this time certaine of Ladie Maries Chaplaines had saide masse contrary to the lawes for which she being admonished of the Counsell tooke the matter very hardly and writeth to the Counsell sharpe letters tending to blame them as taking too much vpon them in the kings authoritie and iustifying her owne popish causes Lady Maries popish practises restrained Diuers letters passed to and fro from her and the Counsel as also from and to the king And in fine such order was taken that shée was restrained of her practises of popish religion and the offenders punished As Bonner behaued himselfe stubbornly againg the K. procéedings so Steeuen Gardiner B. of Winchester was not behinde in all disobedience and practises against the same for which he was imprisoned before the depriuation of Boner but was not deposed till anno 1551. He was first for his misdemeanour cast into the Fléete where after hée had remayned a time in much ease vpon promise of his cōformitie he was set at libertie and licensed to repaire to his owne Diocesse at his pleasure Where breaking hys promise he againe practised against the kings procéedings whereupon being sent for before the Counsell he promised againe the second time a conformation was left at libertie in his owne house in London where he yet againe began to ruffle against the kings godly procéedinges and to meddle in matters wherein he neither had commission nor authoritie part whereof touched the kings maiestie Wherof being yet once againe admonished by the king and of the counsell not onely promised to conforme himselfe with like of the kings procéedings but also offered to declare vnto the world his conformation in an open sermon on such articles as should be thought good to that end in which sermon cleane contrary to his promisse he did not onely neglect that that was enioyned him but also very seditiously behaued himselfe Gardiner behaueth himselfe seditiously Wherefore he was committed to the Tower and carried thither by sir Anthony Wingfield Gardiner sent to the Tower certaine doores of his house as was thought méete being also sealed vp At the tower certain of the Counsel by the kings appointment had accesse vnto him to perswade with him as the Duke of Somerset the L. Treasurer the Lord priuie seale the L. great Chamberlaine and Secretary Peter Who repairing to him the tenth day of Iune Anno 1550. he desired to sée the kings booke of procéedings vpon the sight whereof he would make a full answere whereas indéede before his answers were but delaies and cauilles séeming to be willing in al things to conforme himselfe therevnto and promising if any thing offended his conscience he would open it to none but to the Counsell But Winchester hauing perused the book saide he could make no direct answere vnlesse he were at liberty In the end the Lords seing his answeres always doubtful it was determined that he should be directly examined whether he would conforme himselfe to the kings procéedinges or not and articles drawen to that end To the which Winchester in a manner subscribed sauing the Article of submission which he said because he had neuer offended the K. he would not subscribe vnto To the kinges Supremacie his authoritie of appointing holy dayes and fasting daies to his booke of procéedings his authoritie in his tender yeres the abrogating of the sixe articles to his iurisdiction and authoritie in correcting of Ecclesiastical persons he subscribed only he would make no submission to the king And in
the last he saide maister Sheriffe my maisters all I heartily thanke you for your goodwil I haue hearkened to your words and marked well your counsels and to be plaine with you I doe perceiue that I haue béene deceiued my selfe and am like to deceiue a great many in Hadley of their expectations With that word they all reioyced yea good maister Doctor quoth 〈◊〉 Sheriffe Gods blessing on your heart holde you there 〈◊〉 it is the comfortablest worde that wée hearde you 〈◊〉 yet what should you cast away your selfe in vain 〈◊〉 a wise mans part and I dare warrant you you shall 〈◊〉 fauour Thus they reioyced very much at the wordes and were â—â—â—â—y merry At the last good maister Doctor quoth the sheriffe what meane you by this that you thinke you haue â—â—ene deceiued your selfe c. Would you know my meaning plainely quoth he I will tell you I haue béene deceiued and as I thinke I shal deceiue a great manie I am as you sée a man that hath a very great carkas which I thought shoulde haue béene buried in Hadley Churchyarde if I had died in my bed as I well hoped I shoulde haue done But herein I sée I was deceiued and there are a great number of woormes in Hadley Churchyarde which should haue had iolly féeding vpon this carrion which they haue looked for manie a day The wormes deceiued by D. Taylors burning But nowe I know wée be deceyued I and they for this carkas must bée burnt to ashes and so shall they loose their baite and féeding When the Sheriffe and his companie heard him say so they were amazed maruelling at his constancie Departing thence and comming within two myles of Hadley hée desired to light of his Horse to make water which done he leapt and fetcht a friske or twaine D. Taylor of a marueylous courage as men commonly doe in daunsing Why M. Doctor quoth the sheriffe how do you now He answered well God be praised good M. sheriffe neuer better for now I know I am almost at home And at the last comming to Aldam Common the place assigned where he should suffer and vnderstanding it was the place he saide Thanked be God I am euen at home so lighted from his horse and with both his handes rent the hood from his head and profering to speake to the people who prayed for him and saluted him one or other thrust a tipstaffe into his mouth and would in no wise permitte him to speake For he was threatned and so were others that he should haue his tongue cutte out of his head except he would promise to kéepe silence at his death WheÌ„ he had praied he kissed the stake and set himselfe into a pitch barrell which they had set for him to stande in So praying They strike out D. Tailors braines at the fire and calling on the name of God he endured the torment til one Soice with an halbert strooke him on the head that the braynes fell out and the dead corps fell into the fire Within viij or ix dayes after S. Gardiner had geuen sentence against M. Hooper M. Rogers M. Saunders Doctor Taylor and Master Bradford being the viij of Februarie sixe other good men were brought before the bishoppes to be examined for their Religion Whose names were William Pigot Butcher St. Knight Barber Tho. Tomkins Weuer Thomas Hawkes Gentleman Iohn Lawrence Priest and William Hunter Prentice From which day Steeuen Gardiner Gardiner putteth of the butchering of the Saints to Boner would meddle no more in such kinde of condemnations but referred the whole doing thereof to Boner Bishoppe of London Who taking the matter in hande in the Consistorie of Paules the Lord Mayor and certaine Aldermen sitting with him the ix day of Februarie he read the sentence of condemnation against the sixe persons which were not executed before the moneth of March. Vpon the xiij day of Februarie Master Robert Farrar Bishop of saint Dauies was sent towardes saint Dauies there to be condemned and executed The xviij day of Februarie Quéene Marie after long delay made ful answere to the king of Denmarkes letters who had written two before to her in the behalfe of Miles Couerdale Miles Couerdale graunted to the King of Denmarke for his deliuerance whereunto she in the ende yelded The xix of Februarie there was a certaine intimation printed in the name of Boner where charge was geuen to euery man and woman within his Dioces to prepare them selues against Lent to receiue reconciliation sent from pope Iulius 3. by Poole his Cardinall and Legate de latere and so to be absolued Of the vj. before mentioned condemned by Boner Tho. Tomkins Thomas Tomkins Martyr was the first that suffered the xvj of March 1555. in Smithfield His dwelling was in Shordich in the Dioces of Lond. He was kept in prison by Boner halfe a yere and was of him most cruelly vsed beaten about the face and parte of his bearde pulled off by Boner Wherefore he caused him to be shauen pretending that then he woulde looke like a Catholike After that hauing with him M. Harpsfield M. Pendleton Doctor Chadsey M. Willerton and other standing by the Bishoppe tooke Tomkins by the fingers and helde his hande directly ouer the flame of a Taper hauing thrée or foure wéekes supposing by the payne thereof to terrifie him and cause him to leaue off the profession of the trueth In the which burning he neuer mooued till the veines shrunke They burne Tomkins hand with a Taper and the sinewes burst and the water did spirte in Master Harpsfieldes face In so much that Harpsfield mooued with pittie desired the Bishoppe to stay saying he had tryed him enough This burning was in the Bishops Hall at Fulham He was sundrie times examined The first time after he had béene imprisoned about halfe a yere the 8. of Februarie His Articles were touching the Sacrament of the Altar The next day he appeared againe at eight of the clocke before noone and againe the third tyme the same day at two of the clocke in the after noone where remayning constant in the doctrine of the Gospell the Bishop gaue sentence of death against him and so beyng deliuered to the Shiriffe of London was carried to Newgate where he remayned most ioyous and constant vntill the xvj of March next after Tomkins burned in Smithfield On which day in Smithfield he sealed vp his faith in the flaming fire The same yéere the xvj of March William Hunter of the age of ninetéene yéeres was martyred for the testimonie of the truth he being a prentise in London in the first yéere of Quéene Marie was commaunded at the Easter next followyng to receiue the Communion at a Masse by the Priest of the parish where he dwelt in Colman stréete in London which because he refused he was threatned to be brought before the B. of London Wherfore his master one Th. Taylor a silke maÌ„ fearing
if there came an Angel from heauen to teach him another doctrine then that which he was now in he would not beléeue him he was condemned committed to the secular power In the latter end of this month of Iuly Ioh. Aleworth Ioh. Aleworth died in prison at Reding being there in bōds for the testimony of Iesu About the end of Iuly Iames Abbes was brought before the B. of Norwich D. Hopton to whō through his threatnings in the end Iames yelded and now whē he was dismissed shold go frō the B he calling him again gaue him a piece of mony either xx or xl d which whē Iames had receiued was gone frō the B his conscience began to rob immediatly to accuse his fact In which cōbate with himself being piteously vexed he went immediatly to the B. again there threw him his money said it repented him that euer he gaue his consent to perswasions that he gaue his consent in taking money Whē no perswasions could auaile with him he was condēned to the fire which he endured patiently for the name of Christ the 2. of August An. 1555. in the towne of Berry Vpon the 5. of Iuly Ioh. Denley Iohn Denley gent. Ioh. Newman Ioh. Newman and Patrick Packingā Patrick Packingam were condēned in the consistory of Pauls to be burned for the testimony of Iesus The two first were met on the way by Edmond Tyrrel Esquier a most barbarous persecutor in those daies comming from the burning of certain godly martirs vpon suspicion he sent thē to Boner who after much trial and perswasion were condemned for the cause of Christ and afterward suffered for the same M. Denley at Vxbridge the 8 of August beeing set in the fire with the burning flame about him sang in it a Psalm Which D. Story being present hearing cōmanded one of the tormētors to hurle a fagot at him which was done so that the blood rā down vpō his face wherat he ceased singing a while and clapped his handes on his face and anon putting his hands abroad The martyr singeth in the fire sang againe At the last he yéelded his soule into the hands of his redéemer Story in the meane while saying that he that floong the fagot marred a good old song Not long after suffered Patrick Packingam in the same towne About the 28. of the same moneth Iohn Newman Pewterer dwelling at Maidstone in Kent was burned the last of August at Saffron Walden in Essex About the same time Richard Hooke Rich. Hooke gaue his life for the same cause at Chichester The same yéere 1555 about the latter end of August suffered 6. godly martyrs together in Canterbury Sixe godly martyrs in Canterbury for the testimony of Iesus being condēned by the bloody Suffragā M. Collins Faucet Their names were Williā Coker Williā Hopper Henry Laurence Richard Collier Rich. Wright William Stere. Coker had giuen him respite of 6. daies but refused them so was condemned The xi of Iuly Hopper séemed at the first to graunt vnto thē but repēted was afterward cōdemned The 16. of Iuly Laurence being required to set to his hand to the bil of his answeres wrote these words You are all of Antichrist and him foll And there they staied him and would not suffer him to procéed and wrote not follow So the second of August they read sentence against him Collier of Ashford was condemned the 16. of August After sentence giuen against him he sang a psalm the priest crying that he was out of his wits The same day Wright and Stere were condemned and the day aforesaid they constantly suffered for the testimony of Christ After the burning of these 6. aboue named next followed the persecution of ten other seruaunts of God Elizabeth Warne George Tankerfield Robert Smith Stephen Hardwood Thomas Fust William Hall Tho. Lewes George King Iohn Wade Ioane Laishford Elizabeth Warne Eliz. Warne in the moneth of August was burned at Stratford-bow she was widow late wife of Ioh. Warn Vpholster and Martyr who also was burned in the ende of the Moneth of May last past She had béene apprehended amongst others the first day of Ianuarie in a house in Bow Churchyarde in London as they were gathered together in prayer and at that present was caried to the counter where she lay a prisoner til the xj of Iune At which time she was brought into Newgate and remayned there til the ij of Iulie Then she was sent by the Commissioners to Boner who the vi day of the same Moneth caused her with diuers others to be brought before him to his Pallace Where after diuers vexations and allurements to forsake Christ after she had said to them threatning her do what you will for if Christ were in an error thē am I in an error shée was iudged to die The chéefe procuror of her death was D. Storie being as is thought of some alliance to her or her late husband G. Tankerfield George Tankerfield of Lōdon Cooke borne in the city of Yorke about the age of xxvij or xxviij yeares was in king Ed. dayes a papist til Q. Marie came in In whose dayes perceiuing the great crueltie that was vsed he beganne to doubt and fel to prayer and reading of the word which God did so blesse that he grewe in knowledge which so kindled him with zeale that he became an exhorter of others At the last he was found out and while he went into the Temple fieldes to refresh himselfe hauing béene sick before Bearde commeth home to his house and enquired for him pretending to his wife that he came to haue him dresse a banket at the L. Pagets She thinking no lesse went and tolde her husband who when he heard it said a banket woman indéede it is such a banket as wil not be pleasant to the flesh But Gods will be done And when he came home he sawe who it was And so Tankerfield was deliuered to the Constable and brought to Newgate about the last of Februarie 1555. by the said Beard yeoman of the Gard and S. Ponder peuterer Constable of S. Dunstans in the west He was sent in by sir R. Cholmley knight D. Man a bloudy persecuter And being brought before Boner constantly maintayning the trueth was by him condemned and suffered at S. Albōs the xxvi day of August for the testimonie of the trueth Going down to suffer at the signe of the crosse keyes where hée inned he desired the hoste that he might haue a good fire which was made according as he required Then he sitting on a fourme before the fire put off his shoes and hose stretched out his leg to the flame and when it had touched his foote he quickly withdrew it shewing how the flesh perswaded him one way A pretty saying of the martir and the spirit another After dinner the sherife came to him to cary him to the place
trueth he feruently embraced the same and suffered with patiēce many conflictes therefore He had especiall enemies in Cambridge a black Frier one Doctor Buckeman Prouost of the house and another Frier an outlandish man called Doctor Venetus besides all the rabble of the Heades and Doctors as Doctor Watson Master of Christes Colledge whose Scholer Latimer had béene before D. Notaries Master of Clare Hall Doctor Phili Master of Michael house D. Medcalfe Master of S. Iohns D. Blithe of the kings hal D. Bullock Master of the Quéenes Colledge Doctor Cliffe of Clement house Doctor Downes of Iesus Colledge D. Palmes master of S Nicholas Hostel c. At the last came D. West Bishop of Ely who preaching against Latimer at Barnewel Abbey forbad him to preach any more within the churches of the Vniuersitie Notwithstanding D. Barnes Prior of the Augustine Friers did licence Master Latimer to preach in his Church of the Augustine Friers and he himselfe preached at the Church by called Saint Edwardes which was the first Sermon of the Gospel that D. Barnes preached being vpon Christmasse euen vpon a Sunday Whereupon Articles were gathered out against him by M. Tirrel Felow of the Kings Hall and presented to the Cardinall Notwithstanding the enemies that Latimer had in Cambridge hee continued preaching there thrée yeres and kept conference with Master Bilney So that the place where they vsed most to walke in the fields was commonly called the Heretikes hill After he had trauelled in preaching thrée yeres in Cambridge at length he was called vp to the Cardinall for heresie being contented to subscribe to such Articles as they propounded vnto him was dismissed After this by the meanes of Doctor Buttes a great fauourer of good men D. Buttes a fauourer of good men he was among the number of those that laboured in the Kinges Supremacie and went to the Court where after a space hee obteined a Benefice in Wiltshire in a towne called Westkington So he left the Court there kept residence There he also found enemies as in the Vniuersitie that drew articles against him As that he should preach against our Ladie Saintes Auemaries c. His chéefe enemies besides the Priestes of the Countrey were Doctor Powel of Salesburie Doctor Wilson sometime of Cambridge Master Hubberden and Doctor Sherewood By whose meanes he was cited vp to W. Warham Archb. of Canterburie and Iohn Stokeseley B of London an 1531. the xxix of Ianuarie euery wéeke for a space thrise Being called before them in the end he was dismissed on what condition it is vncertain At length through the procurement of D. Buttes Cromwell he was aduaunced by the king to be B. of Worcester Who whē holy bread and holy water should be ministred caused these verses to be pronounced to the people in his dioces Verses of Latimer at the giuing of holy bread and holie water Remember your promise in baptising Christ his mercie and bloudsheading By whose most holy sprinkling Of all your sinnes you haue full pardoning At the geuing of holy bread these verses following Of Christes body this is a token which on the crosse for our sinnes was broken Wherefore of your sinnes you must be forsakers If of Christes death you wil be partakers In his Bishoprick also he suffered much trouble for wel doing but the king greatly fauoured him He continued in his bishoprick til the time of the vi articles At which time of his own accord he resigned it At which time also Shaxtō B. of Salisburie resigned his bishoprick So they kept silēce til the time of K. Edward And comming vp to London for cure of a bruise which he receiued by a fall from a Trée hée was molested and cast into the Tower til the time of king Ed. In whose dayes he was set frée and preached againe with great fruite and edification of the people He being 67. yeres of age preached euery sunday twise for the most part and both winter and summer about ij of the clock in the morning he would be at his booke most diligently He euer affirmed that the preaching of the Gospel would coste him his life and perswaded himselfe that Winchester was kept in the Tower for the same purpose as the Euent did truly prooue For after the death of K. Edward he was sent for by a purseuant of whose comming he had intelligence by Iohn Careles prepared himself before to go with him The purseuant when he had deliuered his letters to him departed affirming that he had commandement not to tarrie for him whereby it should appeare they would haue had him fledde the realme but he cōmeth vp to London passing through Smithfield where merely hée said that Smithfield had long groaned for him Smithfield had long groaned for M. Latimer was brought before the Counsel Of whom he was againe cast into the Tower where he was hardly vsed yet bare it cherefully for when the Lieftenāts man vpon a time came to him the aged father kept without fire in frosty weather welnigh sterued for cold he merily had the man tel his master that if he did not looke the better to him perchance he would deceiue him Which when the Lieftenant heard fearing he should make escape M. Latimer almost sterued for cold in the tower chargeth him with his words Yea M. Lieftenant saith he so I saide for you look I think that I should burne but I am like here to sterue for cold Thus passing a long time in the tower from thence hée was transported to Oxford with Ridley and Cranmer to dispute as hath béene aforesaid He wrote diuers and sundrie letters Among other enemies to Latimer Latimers sundry letters at Oxford there was one Hubberden who riding by a Church side where the youth of the Parishe were daunsing came into the Church and caused the bell to be tolled and there made to the people a Sermon of daunsing A Sermon of piping and daunsing In which Sermon hée made the Doctors of the Church to answere to his call and to sing after his time for the probation of the Sacrament of the Altar against Latimer Frith c and all Heretikes At the last as he had made them sing so after he maketh them daunce also And first he calleth out Christ and his twelue Apostles then the auncient Doctors of the church as in a round ring all to daunce together with pipe vp Hubberdē Now daunce Christ now daunce Peter now Paule c. And in conclusiō such a dauncing kept Hubberdin that the pulpet fell and downe falleth Hubberdine and brake his leg and died not long after The people refused to repaire the pulpet saying it was not for dauncers M. Latimer to the king for restoring of the Scriptures M. Latimer also wrote to king Henry the viij for the restoring of the frée reading of holy Scriptures which was inhibited Anno 1531. and Anno 1546. For the which Letter hée receiued
to giue him entertainment in Duresme house and to furnish him with Bookes and necessaries méete for the busines who prouided for him accordingly So doctor Cranmer wrote his minde concerning the kinges question adding to the same besydes the authoritie of Scripture of general counsails and auncient fathers also his owne opinion that the Pope could not dispence with the word of God Wherupon the king sent certaine learned mē abroad to the most part of the Vniuersities in Christendome to dispute the question Embassage to Rome concerning the kings diuorce as also in Oxford Cambridge wher the vnlawfulnes of the matrimonie was concluded so that the K. prepared a solemne embassage sent to the B. of Rome then lying at Bononie whither went the Earle of Wiltshire Doctor Cranmer Doctor Stokesley Doctor Corne Doctor Bennet and diuers other learned men and gentlemen who when they came before the Pope hee sitting in the chaire of estate offered his foot but none would kisse it sauing a great spaniell of the Earle of Wiltshires who ran tooke the P. by the great toe None would kisse the Popes foot but a great spaniel of the Earle of Wiltshires ran to take the Pope by the toe Cranmer goeth to the Emperour Cranmer satisfyeth Cornelius Agryppa caused him to pul it in in hast In the end the Embassadours were dismissed without disputation D. Cranmer gratified with the office of a penitenciariship Wherupon the Earle and the other commissioners returned againe into England but D. Cranmer went to the Emperour being in his iourney towardes Vienna against the Turke there to answere such men of his court as could say any thing on the contrary part Where he fully satisfyed Cornelius Agrippa an high officer in the Emp. court for which cause Cornelius fel into such displeasure with the Emp his M. that he was committed to prison where for sorow he ended his life From the Emper. court he departed as he returned he satisfied diuers learned men in Germany in that question In the meane space while the matter thus prospered B. Warrham the Arcb. dieth and the Archbishopricke was bestowed immediatly on Cranmer Cranmer made Archb. by the kings gift In which place he behaued himselfe with great liking to the king who would heare no accusation against him and all good men After the death of king Henry in the raign of king Edw. his godsonne K. Edward godsonne to Cranmer his estate was more aduanced Before which time of King Edward it séemed that Cranmer was scarce throughly perswaded in the right knowledge of the Sacrament til being instructed by Ridley he grew so ripe that he tooke vpon him the whole defence of the cause against the popish deuises To whose booke concerning that matter Stephen Gardiner answereth and M. Cranmer replieth learnedly and copiously to him againe Of this Archb. doing was also the booke of the reformation Bookes of Cranmer the Catechisme with the booke of Homilies Also there was a confutation against 88. articles deuised by the Conuocation house of his doing but not receiued in the time of king Henry the 8. King Edward now not like to liue bequeathed the succession of the Realm to the Lady Iane niece to to king Henry the 8. by his sister with the consent of the Counsel Lawyers fearing least Mary should alter religion but Cranmer Cranmer not brought to it against his cōscience wald hardly be brought to assent til he was informed by the lawyers that he might subscribe therevnto King Edward being now dead and Quéene Mary in possession of the crowne she excepted Cranmer out of all pardon and would not so much as vouchsafe to sée him but committed him to the tower yet pardoned him of treason and caused him to be accused of heresie The papists had raised a slaunder that the Archbishoppe had promised to saye a Dyrge masse for King Edwardes funeral to curry fauour of the Quéene which he endeuouring to stay gaue forth in writing his purgation and was challenged of the Quéens cōmissioners for his bil To whō he said he was sory it passed him so as it did for he graunted a copie to Doctor Story who did disperse it for his meaning was to haue made it more at large and to haue set it on Paules Church doore and on the doores of all the Churches in London with his seale set thereto At which words they for the time dismissed him At length it was determined that Cranmer shoulde bée remoued from the Tower to Oxford there to be disputed with for colour sake although they had determined what to do with him before Forasmuch as the sentence giuen against Ridley and Latimer by D. Weston was voide because the authority of the Pope was not yet receiued into the land there was a new commission sent from Rome and a new processe framed for the conuiction of Ridley Latimer Cranmer In the which commission was D. Iames Brooks B. of Glocester the popes subdelegate with Doctor Martin and Doctor Story commissioners in the king and Quéenes behalfe These commissioners being set in place in the Church of S. Mary in Oxford one of the Popes Proctors or els his D. called saying Tho. archb of Canterbury appeare here make answere to that shal be laide to thy charge that is to say for blasphemy contumacie and heresie and make aunswere here to the B. of Glocester representing the Popes person He being brought néerer the scaffold where the Bishoppes sate Cranmer wold do no reuerēce to the Popes subdelegate gaue reuerence to the Quéenes proctors but would not to the Bishop who represented the Pope alleaging he had taken an oath neuer to consent to his authority again When after many meanes vsed the Archb. would do no reuerence the Bishop fell to declare vnto him the cause of their comming and their commission exhorting him with a long Oration to returne to the Popish church Who hauing finished his Oration D Martin beginneth and declareth vnto him as much Who hauing also finished doctor Cranmer after he had knéeled downe on both his knées towardes the West and saide the Lordes praier and rising vp had repeated the Articles of the beléefe began to make profession of his faith vnto them and protested against the popes authoritie and chalenged the B. of periurie for admitting the Pope contrarie to his oath After Glocester had done D. Story then entereth to vexe the seruant of God and laboureth to vphold the Popes Supremacie and required the Bishoppe to make a directe answere to the Articles After he had played his part Doctor Martin taketh him in hand and laboureth to prooue his oth made to the king against the Pope vnlawfull In the end the Iudges willed him to answere directly to certaine Articles Whereto after the Archbishop had answered the Bishop Brookes concludeth his examination with an Oration to satisfie the people geuing the Archbishop vp hee said as an abiect and outcast
father is an heretike No said the boy my Father is no heretike but you are an heretike For you haue Balaams marke With that the Priest tooke the child and scourged him so sore that he was al on a gore bloud and so caused Clunie to carrie him to his Father naked the Sumner hauing his coate vpon his arme At his comming to his Father the childe fell downe vpon his knées and asked him blessing And being demaunded by his Father who had vsed him so he made answere that a Priest with Balaams mark Balaams marke had done it And with that Clunie with violence pulled him from his father and kept him thrée dayes after in the Bishoppes house Who to salue vp ths matter deliuered the father and the childe Crueltie of the Balamites But the childe died within xiiij dayes after Anno 1560. Nicholas Burton 1560. N. Burton burned in Ciuil a Marchant of London dwelling sometimes in the Parish of little Saint Bartholmewes was burned in the Citie of Ciuill in Spaine Who died so chearefullie and with such patience that the Tormentors and enemies said that the deuill had his soule before he came to the fire and therefore said they his sences of féeling were past him After his death another marchant of Bristow for whom Burton was Factor sent his Atturney into Spaine called Iohn Fronton a Citizen of Bristow to claime those goods which belonged to the other Marchant Against whō after imprisonment because he could not say his Aue Maria after the Romish fashion Aue Maria after the Romish fashion they gaue sentence that he shoulde lose all the goods he sued for though they were not his owne and besides suffer a yeares imprisonment At what time Burton suffered which was anno 1560. was also martired another Englishman with thirtéen mo one of them being a Nunne and another a Frier both constant in the Lord. The ij day of Nouember was burned Iohn Baker and William Burgate both Englishmen apprehended in Calis and burned in Ciuil Anno Domini one thousande fiue hundred and thréescore Marke Burges M. Burges an Englishman Master of an English Ship called the Minion was burned in Lishborne a citie in Portugall and Williā Hooke W. Hooke of the age of xvi yeres stoned to death by certaine young men of Ciuill for the confession of his faith As the most were burned and tormented to death so some were torne with scourging as Richard Wylmot and Thomas Fairefaxe both whipped in Drapers hall through the crueltie of Brookes then Master of the Companie That Wylmot could not lie in his bed vi nights after and neither of them enioyed health after They were thus scourged for saying they were sory for D. Cromes recantation After these two was one Green scourged because he had a booke called Antichrist and woulde not bewraye more matter to their minde He was accused by his Master called Iohn Waylande a Printer and brought before Doctor Storie by whom after long stocking and euill vsage in prisō he was adiudged to be whipped Which was performed vpon him in the presence of Doctor Storie in Christes Hospitall Also Steeuen Cotton burned as before at Brainforde was twise beaten by Boner Likewise was Iames Harris of Byllerica in Essex scourged by Boner in his garden So likewise Robert Williams endured the same torment by the bloudy Bishop With these also is to be numbred a poore Beggar which was whihped at Salisburie after hee had béene put into a Dungeon because he would not receiue the Sacrament at Easter in the towne of Colingborowe As some were tried by burning racking and scourging so vpon other some the Lorde did lay a lighter hande of imprisonment as vpon William Liuing and his wife in the citie of London Iohn Lythall Elizabeth Yong and William Wats of Tunbridge who fled away his kéepers beyng tippled and fallen asléepe Alexander Winshurst a priest that escaped by negligence of Cluny who left none at home to kéepe him fast in whose house he was prisoner Bosomes wife the Lady Kneuet of Northfolke towards an hundred yéeres old the Lady Vane who with much trouble yet passed these terrible daies with life In the time of King Henry the eight Anno 1546. there was one Iohn Dauis a childe of twelue yéeres old Iohn Dauis a child of twelue yeeres old dwelling with one Maister Iohnson Apothecarie in Worcester who beyng complained of by his Mistris the wife of Maister Iohnson for that he had written something against the six Articles and had the Ballad called Come downe for all your shauen Crowne After long imprisonment with bolts of irons on his legges was arraigned being holdē vp at the barre in mens armes before the iudges who were Portman and Meruen and by the death of king Henry was deliuered else had hée béene burned for that offence He endured the prison from the fouretéenth of August till within seuen daies of Easter Likewise Mistris Roberts by Gods prouidence escaped daunger dwelling in Hawkhurst in Sussex Mistris Anne Lucie of Nottingham c. Likewise a congregation at Stoke in Suffolke was deliuered by Gods mercifull prouidence but especially that of London was diuerse times in perill and alwayes was preserued of God in which congregation were sometimes fortie The congregation in Lōdon sometimes an hundreth sometimes two hundreth sometimes mo sometimes lesse About the latter end of Quéene Mary it greatly increased From the first beginning which was about the first entrie of Quéene Maries raigne they had diuerse ministers First Maister Scamler then Thomas Foule The ministers of the congregation in London after him Maister Rough then Maister Augustine Benher and last Maister Bentham who likewise was by Gods prouidence wonderfully preserued Likewise at Calis few there were of the professors of the gospell that miscaried especially Iohn Thorpe and his wife were mercifully preserued and succored of straungers To these are to be added Edward Benet Ieffery Hurst in the towne of Shakerley in Lankeshire who were saued by the death of Quéene Mary William Wood of Kent of the parish of Strowd who was deliuered by the disagréement of Kennall and Chadsey two popish Doctors that examined him as Paule was deliuered by the contention of the Phariseis and Saduces Likewise was Symon Greeuens mercifully deliuered beyng at the assembly held at Spire and complained of to the king by Faber the B. of Vienna whom he had gently reprooued for maintaining certaine errours in his Sermon which he had there preached So likewise the Lady Katherine dutches of Suffolke hardly escaped and passed the seas into Germany where she suffered the afflictions of a straunger in another land Also Th. Sprat and William Porredge escaped very narrowly persecution by M. Brent Iustice in Kent and the two Blachendines Iohn Cornet prentise with a minstrell was onely whipped by the commaundement of the Earle of Oxford and banished the towne of Roughedge So likewise Thomas Brice professor of the gospell hardly
Epistle of Casse to the church of England eadem The pope still reigneth his exactions 246 Pope Eugenius eadem Articles against the spiritualtie eadem Knowledge of ciuil causes belōgeth not to the clergy 247 Reformatiō to be done ead The king dieth 248 Crouched Friers ead Knights of the Rhodes ead Templars burnt at Paris ead The Templars put down vniuersally eadem The pope selleth the Tēplars lands eadem Cistercian monks exempt ea The pope couseneth the Frāciscane Friers 249 The Venetians cursed of the pope eadem A monstrous tyranny ead Walter Reinald 250 Clement 5. dieth ead Papacy voyd 2. yeeres ead Pope maketh profite of the variance of princes ead 8. pence in euery marke ead Michael house founded in Cambridge eadē Nicholaus de lyra ead Guilielmus 251 Occham ead Adam eadem Simon M. eadem Clement 252 A great heresie ead Ludouicus ead Bauarus Emperor eadem Contentiō betwixt the pope Emp. 24. yeeres eadem pope hath ful power to creat and depose Emperors at his pleasure ead Marsilius Patauinus ead Defensor pacis eadē Pope Nicholas 253 Benedict 12 eadem Emperor depriued ead Variance betwixt the pope French king ead The Emp. must resigne all to the pope eadem The feends hant the pope ea Black curses against the Emperor ead Archb. of Mētz depriued ea Warre with the king of England eadem The Emperour giueth ouer to the pope eadem The Emp. poisoned eadem Gunterus de monte nigro chosen Emperour eadem Charles chosen Emp. 255 The Iubile euery 50. yeere From Auinion to Rome ea 50000. pilgrims eadem The forme of the bull of Iubile eadem The pope commandeth the Angels eadem Against prouisions from Rome 256 Tenths to the king ead Orial colledge and S. Marie hall eadem The abbey of Bury spoyled by the townes men eadem The towne of Bury fyned at 120000. pound eadem The abbot of Cheuingtō ea King Edward the 3. 257 Charter from the king to the cleargy eadem Gregorius Ariminensis ead Taulerus eadem Franciscus Petrarcha ead Iohan. de rupe Scisca eadem Rome the whore of Babylō ea Vade mecum in tribulatione ead Conradus Hayer 258 Gerardus Rydder ead Lachrimae Ecclesiae ead Michael Cesenas ead Petrus de Carbona ead Iohannes de Poliaco ead Rome drunk with the blood of saints ead Iohannes de Castilion ead Francisc de Alcatara ead Simon Islip ead Cāterb college in Oxford 259 New colledge in Oxford ead Pope Innocent the 6. ead Rome the whore of Babylō ea Strife betweene French prelats and Friers eadem Towns-mē of Oxford spoile the scholers 260 Idle holy dayes 262 A priests wages 263 S. Bridgets Nunnes 261 Q. colledge in Oxford ead Holy speare holy nayles ead The order of the bishops of Canterbury eadem A prophecy eadem Haynchardus eadem A prophecy of antichrist 264 Complaint of the plowmen against the cleargy eadem Church of Rome a byrde decked with other byrdes feathers ead Armanach archb of Irelād ea Richard Fitzrafe eadem Iohn Badenthorp ead 9 cōclusiōs against friers ea A long controuersie among the friers 265 Fauourers of friers ead Defensorium curatotiū ead Armanachus a mighty piller of Gods church ead How Rome came by her patrimonie eadem Nicholaus Orem 266 Iesuits begin eadem Offices remoued frō the clergie to the laitie eadem The P. remoueth frō France to Rome eadem Melitzing a Bohemian ead Reseruations of benefices in England no more for the Popes vse 267 Premunire to make appeal to Rome for any cause 268 Holy Briget a great rebuker of the popish clergie ead The x. commandemēts turned into two wordes Dapecuniam eadem M. Paris of Antichrist ead Ioh. Montziger ead Nilus archb of Thessal ead Henricus de Iota 269 Henricus de Hassia ead The deuils belly ful of the P. voluptuousnes eadem 36. burned for the truth ead 140. suffered for refusing the Decretals eadem 24. suffer at Paris ead The act of prouision 270 An acte to continue for euer ead Decrees against oppressiō of the pope ea In Wickliffs time the worlde in worst case 271 Wickliffe against Images ea Iohn of Gaunt L. Percy fauorers of Wickliffe ead The opinions of Wic ead Wic brought before the bishops 272 Wic bid sit down 273 Frō brauling to threats ead A proud B. wounded ea K. Edw. the greatest brideler of the P. dieth ead Wickl goeth barefoot preaching ea Articles out of Wick preaching ead Wic articles cōdemned for heretical 274 Popes bul against Wic ead P. diligence against W. ea 18. heretical opiniōs against Wick 275 W. escapeth the 2. time 276 W. greatly supported by Lōdoners ead pope Gregorie dieth ead A schisme betwixt 2. Popes 39. yeres ea Popes and antipopes ead Clement ead Benedictus 3 ead Boniface 9 ead Innocentius 8 ead Gregorie 12 ead Crueltie among the clergie during the schisme 277 S. Sudburie beheaded of the rude people ead Vicechancellor of Oxford enemie to Wickliffe ead Wic mitigateth his enemies 278 Wickliffes articles condemned ead Tenths are pure almes 279 A terrible earthquake ead Fauourers of Wick appointed to preach 280 Stokes an enemie to Wick 281 D. of Lancastar forsooke the schollers of Wick ead Repington Ashton reconciled ead Repington abiureth ead Lōdiners fauor the truth 282 VVick banished ead Schisme cause of W. quiet ea A cruel bishop 283 Wic parson at Lutterworth ead Wickliffs constancie ead Wick bookes burned ead VVic fauorers 284 Londoners take on them the bishops office ead Bones of wick burned after his death ead I. Husse W. Swinderby 285 Articles against Swinderbie 286 Henry 4. first persecuting K. in England 287 Articles against Brute ead Temporalties takē from the Clergie 288 A turncote persecutor 289 Lucifer to the clergie ead Feendes glad at the want of preaching ead Deuil teacheth what should be preached ead Abiurers 290 VVel affected about Leicest ead R. Dexter N. Tayler ead Leicester interdicted ead Matild an anchores of Wic doctrine 291 Margaret Cailie a Nun forsaketh her order ead Penance ead Peter Pateshul ead Londoners zealous 292 The kings wife hath the gospel in English ead Thomas Arundel ead Articles in behalfe of the gospell eadem Multitude of artes not necessary 293 Rithme agaynst the popish priests eadem Fauourers of the gospel ea Pope Boniface the 9. ead The king writeth a christian admonition to the P. 294 Parlements holden against the pope eadem Thomas Arundell proued a traytor 295 The king deposed 296 William Sawtree eadem Obiections against William Sawtree eadem Relapse 297 The māner of disgrading ea The surples of a sexten 298 The time of Henry 4. ead Thomas Badby martir 299 Crocodiles teares ead The statute ex officio 300 Many shrinke from the truth eadem Articles eadem William Thorpe ead Transubstantiatiō inuented by Thomas Aquinas 301 Against swearing on a boke eadem A constant confessor of the truth eadem Iohn Puruey the library of Lollards 302 Articles recanted ead The popes curse the blast of Lucifer eadem
13 Bil. his grieuous anguish after recantation ead Bilney repenteth ead Bil. smileth at the stake 14 Supplication of beggars 15 Fish hath the kings protection ead Poore seelie soules of purgatorie 16 Commission against English bookes ead Testament of Tindals translation ead Richard Bayfield ead Bayfield condemned 17 Crueltie ead Booke of wicked Mammon 18 Iohn Tewksburie recanteth ead Iohn Tewksburie repenteth Iohn Tewksburie burned eadem Edward Freese 19 Bread of sawdust ead Crueltie ead Valentine Freese his wife 20 Frier Royce burned ead Bishops commanded to trāslate the bible ead Iames Baynam ead Baynam submitteth 21 Baynam repenteth ead Baynam burned 22 Courage of a martir ead Iohn Benet ead Idol of Douercourt ead Images cast down ead Christes colledge in Oxford 23 Iohn Frith burned ead Sir Th. More pursueth Frith ead Friths treatise 24 Friths answere gotten ead Frith condemned ead Andrew Hewet ead Thomas Bennet Martir 26 William Tracy ead During Qu. Anne no great persecution 27 Commons against Clergy 28 Nothing from Rome ead Supreme head eadem Popes vsurping put downe eadem No conuocations without the kings writ eadem Oth of Cleargie to Pope abolished 29 More resigneth chancellorship ead King renounceth the Pope eadem Lady Elizabeth borne ead The Holy mayde of Kent 30 Gods iudgement ead Thomas Cranmer Archb. of Canterbury ead Preaching against Popes supremacie 31 Popes pardōs abolished ead Gard. booke De Obediētia with Boners notes ead Ruine of religious houses 32 Iewels reliques from abbeys eadem W. Tindall burned eadem Tindall translated the Testament 33 Tindals protesting agaynst transubstantiation 35 Q. Anne put to death ead The K. refuseth the generall councell at Mantua ead Some religious houses giuē to the king ead Articles of religion taught 36 Rebellion suppressed ead Prince Edward borne ead Queene Iane dieth ead Ruffelings against the king calmed eadem The kings articles ead Many holidais abrogated 37 Scripture in English ead Register Booke in euerie church eadem Religious houses rooted vp eadem 45. articles against Lābert 38 A wicked perswasion 39 Lambert disputeth eadem The king condemneth Lambert ead Cromwell readeth sentence against Lambert ead Cromwell craueth pardō of Lambert eadem Lābert a worthy martyr 40 Lamberts treatise of the Sacrament eadem Robert Packingtō going to praier is slaine ead Collins his dog burned ea Cowbridge eadem Putdew eadem William Lerton eadem Nicholas Peke 41 Notable courage of martyr eadem The king refuseth the councell eadem The kings farewell ead Search iniunctions 42 The king nusled by Winchester eadem Six articles a whippe of six strings eadem Treason felonie ead Cranmer against six articles eadem Against adultery c. of priests 43 Death for adulterie repealed eadem Cromwel maule of the pope eadem Life of Cromwell 44 Cromwell learnd the text of the new testamēt by hart 45 Cromwell serueth the Cardinall eadem English bible printed at Paris 47 Gardiner enemy to the Gospell ead Th. Mathewes bible ead Bible in English presented to the king 48 Bible of large volume ead Bishops promise to amend the bible but performe not 49 Doctor Barnes ead Duns Darbell put out of Cambridge ead Disputations of faith rare in Cambridge eadem Doctor Barnes cōuerted by Bilney 50 The white horse in Cambridge called Germany eadem D. Barnes arrested ead D. Barnes submitteth ead D. Barne escapeth out of prison 51 Acta Romanorum Pontificum eadem Doctor Barnes to the Tower 52 Barnes Garret Hierome burned 53 Vniust proceeding ead D. Barnes his foure requests to the king 54 Foure papistes executed about the supremacy ead Fauourers of truth ead Patrons of Popery eadem All prisons in London too litle for the persecuted ea Boner turneth and becommeth a persecutor 55 Six Bibles set vp in Paules eadem The Diuell in the necke ead Iohn Porter killed in pryson eadem Thomas Somers dieth in the Tower 56 Thomas Barnard Iames Morton martyrs ead A popish feare eadem Bartrams boy the Diuell in the monks cowle 57 Lady Anne of Cleue diuorced eadem Six put to death for supremacie 58 The K. misseth Crōwell ead White meates permitted in Lent eadem Marbeck pardoned 60 Filmer Parson Testwood burned eadem Notable martyrs ead The king pardoneth 61 Winchester out of fauour eadem False iudges accusers punished eadem Adam Damlip 62 Persecution in Calice ead Gods iudgement deliuerance of his people 63 The Lord Lisle dieth in the Tower eadem Gods iudgement vppon a false accuser 64 Lord Awdley friend to the afflicted eadem Rockwood a persecutor dispaireth 65 Gods iudgement ead Adam Damlip eadem Adam Damlip executed ea Gods iudgement 66 The rigour of six Articles 67 Noblemen and Gentlemen permitted to read the scripture eadem Six articles qualified ead Saxie hanged 68 Henry burned eadem Kerbie eadem Roper eadem A notable speach of the constant seruaunt of Christ eadem Doctor Crome recāteth ea Anne Askew 69 Anne Askew answereth parabolically boldly 70 Anne Askew condemned eadem Anne Askew sore racked 71 The King displeased with the racking of Anne Askew eadem Martyrs pardoned at the stake eadem Winchesters practise against the Queene 72 The King much altered 73 The Queene deliuered from danger ead Kings of England France agree for a perfect reformation 74 Sir George Blage condemned eadem The king dieth eadem Persecution in Scotland 75 Tenne articles against Iohn Brothwicke ead Thomas Ferrar ead Saint Frauncis homely vsed 76 Helene Stirke a notable martyr ead George Wiseheart 77 The meeke death of George Wiseheart eadem Gods iudgement eadem Adam Wallace learned the psalter without book ead Controuersie in Scotland whether the Lordes prayer should be sayd to sayntes or no. 78 The Frier biddeth to say the pater noster to the diuel eadem Walter Myll eadem A notable speech of the martyr 79 Style burned with the Apocalips about his neck 81 K. Edward raigneth 83 The K. would not at the emperours suit let the Lady Mary haue masse ead Sixe articles abolished ead Religion restored ead Peter Martyr at Oxford eadem Bucer and P. Phagius at Cābridge ead Thomas Dobbe 84 Commissioners ead A parlement eadem Rebellion 85 Muskleborow field 86 Boner shifteth and cauilleth 87 Boner exhibiteth against Latimer 89 Boner pronounced contumax 90 Boner depryued eadem L. protector eadem Altars taken downe 91 Ladie Maries popish practises restrained eadem Gardiners seditious behauiour 92 Gardiner sent to the tower ead Winchester depriued pag. 93 Doctor Redman a fauourer of the gospell ead W. Gardiner eadem Pendegrace 94 W. Gardiners cruell execution eadem Maruellous constancy of W. Gardiner 95 Protector put to death for fellony ead Lord Gilford Lady Iane maried 96 Iustice Hales eadem Queene Mary to the Councell eadem Q. Maries promise to mainteine religion 97 Ridley sent to the Tower ead Q. Mary breaketh promise eadem Popish bishops restored and other put downe ead Hooper committed to the Fleete ead Proclamation agaynst the word of God ead