to have partaked of the B. For that sound the Emperor Claudius invented the Digamma Aeolicum but after his death it was difused Vir the Saxons pronounced were vallum wall vidua widwe a widow and the like The Greeks expressed Vespasianus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latins called vinum the Saxons wine More may be observed concerning their alphabet which perhaps may be considered in another place The first and second are of the same Cuthred King of Kent there seem very few coins of these Princes extant There were also two of the same name West-Saxons and Christians This Cuthred was by Coenuulf King of Mercia made King instead of Eadbertus Pren. He reigned though obscurely as being set up by an enemy 8 years and died Anno 805. The third is of Plegmund anno 890. chosen by God and all his saints saith Chr. Sax. to be Archbishop of Canterbury He was a person of excellent worth for learning prudence and devotion at first an Hermit living near Chester whence he was brought by King Alfred both to instruct him when young and advise him when he came to his Kingdom by whom also he was thus advanced He was in great veneration in the whole Church as appears by the Archbishop of Rhemes letters he deceased anno 923. The fourth Ceolnoth consecrated Archbishop Sept. 1. 830 and anno 831 received the Pallium he died 870. He was commonly called The good Bishop The fifth Eadberht was the name of two Kings of Kent and one of Northumberland Which of these coined this money is uncertain His name as too many of those of our ancient Kings is diversly written as Edbert Eadbert c. The Reverse a Dragon if yet it be a Dragon v. Tab. 1. Sect. 3. was an ensign used by divers of the Northern Princes This seems copied from one of Antiochus Epiphanes The Romans from Trajan's conquering of the Dacians used it also but theirs was in the form of a great serpent and not of an imagination as this is The 6th Ecgbert was the name also of divers Saxon Kings one of Kent one of Northumberland one of Mercia besides him of the West-Saxons who reduced all the Kingdoms into one Monarchy For whom this coin was made is to me unknown he seems placed between two crosses in imitation of some of the Eastern Emperors The reverse seems only the name of the Mint-master Uiborhtus is a name still in reputation in the North it may be this Ecberht was the Northumbrian The seventh Cuthred whether the same with the former is not known I rather think him to be the West-Saxon brother of Ethelwerd about anno 740 a valiant and victorious Prince Sigebert seems to have been the Noble-person commander of the place where this was coined The eighth Alred is Alhred King of Northumberland anno 765 he reigned 8 years and at York was expelled his Kingdom anno 774. On the reverse Edwin seems to have been a Nobleman The ninth Eanred may either be Eanfrid or Eandred both Kings of Northumberland Eanfrid eldest son of Ethelfrith was expelled his countrey by Edwin who had slain his father and usurped the Kingdom anno 617 but being slain by Ceadwalla and Penda Eanfrid returned to the crown anno 634 was baptized and built St. Peters Church at York whereof S. Edwin had laid the foundation making Paulinus Bishop Eadwin on the reverse seems to have succeeded Eanfrid after some years The tenth Aelfred seems by the cypher or monogram on the reverse to have been the King of Northumberland the face not corresponding to that of Aelfred the West-Saxon He murthered his true and lawful Prince anno 765 himself was expelled also He is said to have been very learned to shew which it may be that he stamped that Monogram on the reverse after the example of divers Constantinopolitan Emperors but not after those of the Franks which was begun by Charles the Great probably because he could not write so much as his name as Eginhart saith and that even in his old age he vainly endeavoured to learn The eleventh Edilred seems to have been Ethelred King of the Northumbers son of Mollo After he had reigned four years he was driven out and Readuulf crowned who being slain by the Danes at Alvethlic Ethelred again succeeded But carrying himself tyrannically particularly murthering Oelf Alfus and Oelfwin Alfwin sons of Alfwold was again expelled and died in banishment There was also another Ethelred son of Eandred a tributary King of the Northumbers forced from his Kingdom in the fourth year of his reign being again restored he was slain four years after The twelfth Eandred son of Eardulf King of the Northumbers reigned thirty years after Alfwold the Usurper Afterwards submitted to Egbert The thirteenth and fourteenth belong to Offa the Mercian King the reverse being the same in both who seems to have been a Nobleman and not a Mint-master Three of that name An. 803. subscribed the Synod at Clovâ—sho and another succeeded S. Boniface in the Archbishoprick of Mentz Offa having slain Beornred An. 557. reigned over the Mercians a Prince of great courage and success in arms but not just nor virtuous for he basely murthered Ethelbriht King of the East-Angles enticing him to his Palace that he might marry his daughter and seized upon his kingdom He had much entercourse and at length friendship also with Charles the Great He drew a trench of wondrous length from sea to sea separating the Mercians from the Welch part whereof remains visible to this day He was the first who granted a perpetual Tax to the Pope out of every House in his Kingdom at his being at Rome and gave very bountifully after his return to the Clergy in Pennance for his Sins he died An. 794. The fifteenth Beornuulf a valiant man usurped the Kingdom of Mercia from Ceoluulf in his third year was overthrown by King Egbert at Ellendon An. 823. He retired thence to the East-Angles as part of his dominion by the seisure of King Offa with the remainder of his army and was there rencountred and slain Whereupon the East-Angles surrendred themselves to Egbert The reverse I take to be Moneta The sixteenth Ludican succeeded Beornuulf in Mercia An. 824. He reigned only two years then preparing to revenge the death of Beornuulf his kinsman upon the East-Angles was by them with his five Consuls surprized and slain The reverse I understand not The seventeenth Berhtulf An. 838. reigned in Mercia but as feudatary to the West-Saxons being much molested with the invasions of the Danes he quitted his Kingdom and retired to a private life The reverse Uulfhean who he was unknown The 18th Burgred was by King Etheluulf made King of the Mercians and married his daughter Ethelswith To avoid the oppression of the Danes he resigned his kingdom and retired to Rome where he lived in great reputation of Sanctity till his death His Queen also entred into a Monastery at Pavia and there died The reverse is Vvhne only the Mint-master
an honourable series of Earls and Lords are descended From hence passing through Earls-Coln so call'd by reason of its being the burying place of the Earls of Oxford where Aubry de Vere 24 In the time of King Henry 1. founded a small Convent and took himself a religious habit it goes on to Colonia which Antoninus mentions and makes a different place from Colonia Camaloduni Whether this Colonia Colonia be deriv'd from the same word signifying a Colony or from the river Coln let Apollo determine k For my part I am more inclin'd to the latter opinion since I have seen several little towns that adding the name of Coln to that of their respective Lords are call'd Earls-Coln Wakes-Coln Coln-Engain Whites-Coln This city the Britains call'd Caer Colin the Saxons Coleceaster and we Colchester Colchester 'T is a beautiful populous and pleasant place extended on the brow of an hill from West to East surrounded with walls and adorn'd with 15 Parish-Churches besides that large Church which Eudo Sewer to Henry 1. built in honour of St. John This is now turn'd into a private house In the middle of the city stands a castle ready to fall with age Historians report it to have been built by Edward son to Aelfred when he repair'd Colchester which had suffer'd very much in the wars 25 And long after Maud the Empress gave it to Alberic Vere to assure him to her party But that this city flourish'd even more than ever in the time of the Romans abundance of their coins found every day fully evince l Though I have met with none ancienter than Gallienus the greatest part of them being those of the Tetrici Victorini Posthumus C. Carausius Helena mother to Constantine the Great Constantine and the succeeding Emperours The inhabitants glory that Fl. Julia Helena mother to Constantine the Great was born in this city daughter to King Coelus And in memory of the Cross which she found they bear for their arms a Cross enragled between four Crowns Of her and of this city thus sings Alexander Necham though with no very lucky vein Effulsit sydus vitae Colcestria lumen Septem Climatibus lux radiosa dedit Sydus erat Constantinus decus imperiale Serviit huic flexo poplite Roma potens A star of life in Colchester appear'd Whose glorious beams of light seven climats shar'd Illustrious Constantine the world's great Lord Whom prostrate Rome with awful fear ador'd The truth is she was a woman of a most holy life and of an unweary'd constancy in propagating the Christian Faith whence in old inscriptions she is often stiled PIISSIMA and VENERA-BILIS AUGUSTA Between this city where the Coln emptieth it self into the sea lyes the the little town of St. Osith the old name was * Cice by the Saxon Annals Chic Chic the present it receiv'd from the holy Virgin St. Osith S. Osithe who devoting her self entirely to God's service and being stabbed here by the Danish pyrates was by our ancestors esteem'd a Saint In memory of her Richard Bishop of London about the year 1120. built a Religious house and fill'd it with Canons Regular This is now the chief seat of the right honourable the Lords Darcy Barons Darcy of Chich. stiled Lords of Chich who were advanc'd to the dignity of Barons by Edward the sixth 26 When he created Sir Thomas Darcy his Councellor Vice-Chamberlain and Captain of the Guard Lord Darcy of Chich. m From hence is stretch'd out a vast shore as far as Nesse-point Nesse in Saxon Eadulphesness What was once found hereabouts let Ralph de Coggeshal tell you who wrote about 350 years ago In the time of King Richard on the sea-shore in a village call'd Edulfinesse were found two teeth of a Giant Giants of such a prodigious bigness that two hundred of such teeth as men ordinarily have now might be cut out of one of them These I saw at Cogshal and handled with great admiration Another I know not what Gigantick relique was found near this place in the beginning of Q. Elizabeth by the noble R. Candish I can't deny but there have been men of such extraordinary bulk and strength as to be accounted prodigies whom God as St. Austin tells us therefore produc'd in the world to show that comeliness of body and greatness of stature were therefore not to be esteem'd among the good things because they were common to the impious with the virtuous and religious Yet we may justly suspect what Suetonius hath observ'd that the vast joints and members of great beasts dugg up in other countries and in this kingdom too have been commonly term'd and reputed the bones of Giants Bones of Giants n From this point the shore runs back a little to the Stour's mouth famous for a sea-fight between the Saxons and Danes in the year 884. Here is now seated Harewich Harewiâ—â— a very safe harbour as the name imports for the Saxon Hare-Æ¿ic signifies as much as an haven or bay where an army may lye 27 The town is not great but well peopled fortified by art and nature and made more fencible by Queen Elizabeth The salt-water so creeketh about it that it almost insulateth it but thereby maketh the springs so brackish that there is a defect of fresh water whcih they fetch-some good way off o This is that Stour which parteth Essex and Suffolk and on this side runs by no memorable place only some fat pastures But not far from the spring of this river stands Bumsted which the family of the Helions held by Barony 28 From whom the Wentworths of Gosfield are descended And in those parts of this county which are opposite to Cambridgeshire lyes Barklow Barkl w. Old Baâ—rows famous for four great Barrows such as our ancestors us'd to raise to the memory of those Soldiers that were kill'd in battel and their bodies lost But when two others in the same place were dugg up and search'd we are told that they found three stone Coffins and abundance of pieces of bones in them The Country-people have a tradition that they were rais'd after a battel with the Danes And the †Wall-wort or Dwarf-elder that grows hereabouts in great plenty and bears red berries they call by no other name but Dane's-blood Danes-blood denoting the multitude of Danes that were there slain Lower among the fields that look pleasantly with Saffron is seated g Call'd formerly Walden-burg and afterwards Cheping-Walden Walden Waldâ—â— a market-town call'd thence Saffron-Walden 29 Incorporated by King Edward 6. with a Treasurer two Chamberlains and the Commonalty It was famous formerly for the castle of the Magnavils which now scarce appears at all and for an adjacent little Monastery 30 Founded in a place very commodious in the year 1136. Commonly call'd Maâ—dâ—villeâ— in which the Magnavils founders of it lye interr'd Jeffrey de Magnaville was
the People Tacitus Tacitus imagines them to have come first from Iberia upon account of their * Colorati vultus ruddy complexion their curl'd hair and their situation over against Spain But Florianus del Campo a Spaniard is very positive in that matter and takes a great deal of pains to find the Silures in Spain and to obtrude upon us I know not what stories about Soloria and Siloria among the old Astures However this Country was very large for it seems probable from Pliny and Tacitus that they were possess'd of all South-Wales and the Inhabitants were hardy stout warlike averse to servitude of great boldness and resolution term'd by the Romans †Pervicacia obstinacy and stubbornness not to be wrought upon either by threats or kindness and their posterity have not degenerated in any of these particulars When the Romans out of an itching desire of enlarging their Empire made attempts upon them See pag. xlvii they partly reposing a confidence in the courage and conduct of King Caratacus and partly incens'd by a saying of Claudius the Emperour That they were to be as entirely routed as the Sugambri had been engag'd the Romans in a very troublesome and difficult war For having intercepted the Auxiliary Troops cut off the Legion under Marius Valens and wasted the territories of their Allies P. Ostorius Propraetor in Britain was quite wore out with all these crosses and dy'd of grief Veranius too who govern'd Britain under Nero was baffled in this enterprize against them For where Tacitus says Tacit. Annal L. XIV Illum modicis excursibus Sylvas populatum esse that he destroy'd and wasted the woods with slight excursions instead of Sylvas with the Learned Lipsius only read Siluras and all 's right Nor could an end be made of this war before Vespasian's reign For then Julius Frontinus subdu'd them and kept them quiet by garisons of the Legions A certain Countryman of ours has wrested that verse of Juvenal upon Crispinus to these Silures magnâ qui voce solebat Vendere municipes fractâ de merce Siluros Who with hideous cry Bawl'd out his broken Sturgeon in the streets As if some of our Silures had been taken prisoners and expos'd to sale at Rome But take it upon my word he has mistook the genuine sense of the Poet. For any one that reads that passage with attention will quickly perceive that by Siluros he designs to express a sort of Fish and not a People HEREFORDSHIRE HErefordshire call'd by the Britains Ereinuc is in a manner of a circular form bounded on the East with the Counties of Worcester and Glocester on the South with Monmouth on the West with Radnor and Breknock and on the North with Shropshire A Country besides its pleasantness both for feeding of Cattel and produce of Corn every where of an excellent soil and admirably well provided with all necessaries for life Insomuch that it may scorn to come behind any County in England for fruitfulness of soil 1 And therefore says that for three W. W. W. Wheat Wooll and Water it yieldeth to no Shire of England To which excellencies are to be added its fine rivers the Wye the Lug and the Munow which after they have water'd the verdant flow'ry meadows and rich and fruitful corn-fields at last have their conflux and in one chanel pass to the Severn-Sea a 〈◊〉 River 〈◊〉 The Munow has its rise in Hatterell-hills which shooting up aloft look as it were like a Chair and are a sort of wall to this Shire on the South-west-side Hence the river descending first struggles Southward along the foot of these hills 〈◊〉 to Blestium a town so plac'd by Antoninus that both for situation and distance it can be no other than that which standing upon this river 〈◊〉 Town is by the Britains call'd Castle Hean that is the Old Castle by us The old Town An inconsiderable village but nevertheless this new name makes much for its antiquity for in both tongues it sounds an Old Castle or Town Next to this lyes Alterynnis surrounded with water Alterynnis the Seat of the Cecils as it were an Island in a river the seat in former ages of the ancient and knightly family of the Sitsilters or Cecils whence my right honourable Patron highly accomplisht with all the Ornaments of Virtue Wisdom and Nobility Sir William Cecil Baron of Burghley and Lord High Treasurer of England is descended From hence the Munow turning Eastward for a good way parts this Province from Monmouthshire and is augmented by the river Dore at Map-Harald or Harald Ewias Harald-Ewias a Castle This Ewias-Castle to give you the words of King William the first 's Book was repair'd by Alured of Marleberg The Family of Ewias Afterwards it belonged to one Harald a Nobleman who Their Arms. in a Shield Argent bore a Fess Gules between three Estoiles Sable from whom it first took the name of Harold Ewias but Sibyll his Great-grand-daughter and one of the heirs transferr'd it by marriage to the Lords Tregoz Tregoz and Grandison from whom it came at length to the Lords of Grandison originally of Burgundy of whom elsewhere Now the Dore above-mentioned falling down from the North by Snotthill a castle Gidden Vale. and sometimes the Barony of Robert Chandois where there is a Quarry of excellent Marble cuts through the middle of the valley which the Britains from the river call Diffrin Dore but the English that they might seem to express the force of that word have term'd it The Golden Vale. Which name it may well be thought to deserve for its golden rich and pleasant fertility For the hills that encompass it on both sides are clothed with woods under the woods lye corn-fields on each hand and under those fields lovely and gallant meadows In the middle between them glides a clear and crystal river on which Robert Earl of Ewias erected a fine Monastery wherein most of the Nobility and Gentry of these parts were buried Part of this County which bends towards the East now call'd Irchenfeld Irchenfeld in Domesday Archenfeld was as Historians write laid waste with fire and sword by the Danes in the year 715 Camalac a British Bishop being then carried away captive Herein once stood Kilpec a noted castle the seat of the noble family of the Kilpec's Kilpec who as some report were Champions to the Kings of England in the beginning of the Normans which I am very willing to believe In the reign of Edward the first Robert Wallerond liv'd here whose ‖ Nepos nephew Alane Plugenet was honourd with the title of a Baron In this Archenfeld likewise as we read in Domesday-book certain Revenues by an old custom were assigned to one or two Priests on this condition that they should go in Embassies for the Kings of England into Wales and to use the words of the said Book The men
to him King Aelfred was under a necessity of coming to Terms with them and so he and they divided the Land assign'd it to the Danes who within a few years were thrown out by Athelstane Yet even after this the People made a King of Eilric the Dane who was forthwith expell'd by King Ealdred Henceforward the name of King was no more heard of in this Province but its chief Magistrates were call'd Earls whereof these following are successively reckon'd by our Historians Osulph Oslac Edulph Waldeof the Elder Uchtred Adulph Alred Siward Tostius Edwin Morcà r and Osculph Amongst these Siward was a person of extraordinary valour who as he liv'd so he chose to dye in his Armour Ingulph p. 511. b. An. 1056. His County of York was given to Tostius Brother to Earl Harold and the Counties of Northampton and Huntingdon with his other lands bestow'd on the noble E. Waldeof his son and heir I have here given you the very words of Ingulphus because there are some who deny that he was Earl of Huntingdon To this let me also add what I have met with on the same subject in an old Parchment Manuscript in the Library of John Stow a most worthy Citizen and industrious Antiquary of the City of London Copsi being made Earl of Northumberland by William the Conquerour dispossess'd Osculph who nevertheless soon after slew him Afterwards Osculph himself was stabb'd by a Robber and dy'd of the wound Then Gospatrick bought the County of the Conquerour by whom he was also presently divested of the Honour and was succeeded by Waldeof the son of Siward He lost his head and was succeeded by Walcher Bishop of Durham who as well as his successor Robert Comin was slain in an insurrection of the Rabble mm The title was afterwards conferr'd on Robert Mowbray who destroy'd himself by his own wicked Treason 10 When he devis'd to deprive King William Rufus of his Royal Estate and to advance Stephen Earl of Albemarle a son to the Conqueror's sistâ—r thereunto Then as the Polychronicon of Durham tells us King Stephen made Henry the son of David King of Scots Eâ—rl of Northumberland and his son William who was also himself afterwards King of Scots wrote himself William de Warren Earl of Northumberland for his mother was of the family of the Earls of Warren as appears by the Book of Brinkburn-Abbey Within a few years after Richard the first sold this County to Hugh Pudsey Bishop of Durham for life but when that King was imprison'd by the Emperour in his return from the Holy War and Hugh advanc'd only two thousand pounds in silver towards his ransom Lib. Dunelm the King took this slender contribution so ill knowing that under colour of this ransom he had rais'd vast sums that he depriv'd him of the Earldom At present that Honour is enjoy'd by the family of the Percies Percies descended from Charles the Great who being descended from the Earls of Brabant got the sirname and inheritance of the Percies together which was done by the true Off-spring of Charles the Great by Gerberg daughter to Charles younger brother of Lotharius the last King of France of the Caroline stock Josceline younger son of Godfrey Duke of Brabant who marry'd Agnes daughter and sole heir of William Percie This William's great grandfather call'd also William Percie came into England with William the Conquerour who bestow'd on him lands in Tatcaster Linton Normanby and other places This Agnes covenanted with Josceline that he should take upon him the name of Percie but should still retain the ancient Arms of Brabant which were a Lion Azure chang'd afterwards by the Brabanters in a Field Or. The first of this family that was made Earl of Northumberland was Henry Percie the son of Mary daughter of Henry Earl of Lancaster This Noble-man signaliz'd his valour in the wars under Edward the third and was by him rewarded with large Possessions in Scotland He was very much enrich'd by his second wife Matilda Lucy who oblig'd him to bear the Arms of the Lucies and by Richard the second was created Earl of Northumberland His behaviour was very ungrateful to this his great Benefactor for he deserted him in his straits and help'd Henry the fourth to the Crown He had the Isle of Man bestow'd on him by this King 11 Who also made him Constable of England against whom he also rebell'd being prick'd in Conscience at the unjust deposing of King Richard and vex'd at the close confinement of the undoubted Heir of the Crown Edmund Mortimer Earl of March his kinsman 12 Grievously complaining and charging him King Henry with Perjury That whereas he had solemnly sworn to him and others that he would not challenge the Crown but only his own Inheritance and that King Richard should be govern'd during his life by the good Advice of the Peers of the Realm he to the contrary had by imprisonment and terrour of death enforc'd him to resign his Crown and usurp'd the same by the concurrence of his faction horribly murdering the said King and defrauding Edward Mortimer Earl of March of his lawful right to the Crown whom he had suffer'd to languish long in prison under Owen Glendowr reputing those Traytors who with their own money had procur'd his enlargement Hereupon he first sent some Forces against him under the command of his brother Thomas Earl of Worcester and his own forward son Henry sirnam'd Whot-spur who were both slain in the battel at Shrewsbury Upon this he was attainted of High-Treason but presently receiv'd again into the seeming favour of the King who indeed stood in awe of him He had also his estate and goods restor'd him except only the Isle of Man which the King took back into his own hand Yet not long after the popular and heady man again proclaim'd war against the King as an Usurper having call'd in the Scots to his assistance And now leading on the Rebels in person he was surpriz'd by Thomas Rokesby High-Sheriff of York shire at Barham-moor where in a confused skirmish his Army was routed and himself slain in the year 1408. Eleven years after Henry the fifth by Act of Parliament restor'd the Honour to Henry Percie his Grandchild by his son Henry Whotspurre whose mother was Elizabeth the daughter of Edmund Mortimer the elder Earl of March by Philippa the daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence This Earl stoutly espoused the interest of Henry the sixth against the House of York and was slain in the Battel of St Albans His son Henry the third Earl of Northumberland who married Eleanor the daughter of Richard Baron of Poynings Brian and Fitz-Paine lost his life in the same quarrel at Towton in the year 1461. When the House of Lancaster and with it the Family of the Percies was now under a cloud King Edward the fourth created John Nevis Lord Montacute Earl of Northumberland but he quickly resign'd that Title being made
luxus non Infula tantum Ornavit diri quae tibi causa mali Glottiadae quantum decorant Te Glascua Musae Quae celsum attollunt clara sub astra caput Glotta decus rerum piscosis nobilis undis Finitimi recreat jugera laeta soli Ast Glottae decus vicinis gloria terris Glascua faecundat flumine cuncta suo Not haughty Prelates e'er adorn'd thee so Nor stately Mitres cause of all thy woe As Cluyd's muses grace thy blest abodes And lift thy head among the deathless gods Cluyd great flood for plenteous fish renown'd And gentle streams that cheer the fruitful ground But happy Glascow Cluyd's chiefest pride Glory of that and all the world beside Spreads round the riches of her noble tide On this side the Cluyd upon its banks lies the Barony of Reinfraw Barons of Renfraw so called from its principal Town which may seem to be Ptolemy's Randvara Randvara on the River Cathcart upon which the antient Baron of Cathcart Barons Cathcart hath his habitation Near adjoyning for this little Province is full of Nobility lies Cruikston Cruikston antiently the seat of the Lords of Darley from whom by right of marriage it came to the Earls of Lenox whence Henry the Father of King James the 6. was call'd Lord Darley Halkead the residence of the Barons of Ros Barons of Roos descended originally of English bloud as deriving their Linage from that Robert Roos of Warke who left England and came under the Allegiance of the King of Scots Paslay Paslay formerly a famous Monastery founded by Alexander the 2d High Steward of Scotland inferior to few for its noble Church and rich furniture * See the Additions But now by the favour of K. James 6. it gives a seat and the title of Baron to Claud Hamilton a younger son of the Duke of Castle-Heralt And Sempill whose Lord is Baron Sempill Barons Sempil and by antient right Sheriff of this Barony But I have read that the title of Baron of Reinfraw by a peculiar right belongs to the Prince of Scotland b LENNOX ALong the other side of the Cluyd above Glascow Levinia or Lennox runs a long way Northward amongst a continued series of hills taking its name from the River Levin Ptolemy's Lelanonius â—â—â—â—noniâ—â— which falleth into the Cluyde out of Logh-lomund â—â—gh â—â—â—â—nd a Lake that dilates it self under the mountains twenty miles long and eight miles broad excellently well stocked with fish especially one sort peculiar to it â—â—e fish they call it Pollac It hath likewise many Islands in it concerning which there use to be many Traditional stories amongst the ordinary sort of people As for the Floating-Island here I shall not call the truth of it in question for what should hinder a body from swimming that 's dry and hollow like a pinace and lighter than ordinary â—â—â—i 〈◊〉 20. Pliny tells us that certain green Islands cover'd with reeds and rushes float up and down in the lake of Vadimon But I leave it to the Neighbours that know the nature of this place to be Judges whether this old Distick of our Nechâ—m be true or no Ditatur fluviis Albania saxea ligna Dat Lomund multa frigiditate potens Scotland's enrich'd with Rivers Timber thrown Into cold Lomund's waters turns to stone There are many Fishermens Cottages round about upon the banks of the Logh but nothing worth our notice except Kilmoronock â—â—â—â—oroâ—â—â—k a fine House of the Earl of Cassil seated upon the East side which hath a delicate prospect into the Logh But at the influx of the Levin out of the Logh into the Cluyde stands Al-Cluyd â—â—cluid so called by the antients Bede observes that it signifies the Rock Cluyde but I know not in what language Ar-Cluid in the British certainly signifies upon Cluid and Cluid in old English signify'd a Rock Succeeding ages call'd it Dunbritton â—â—â—britâ—â—â— that is the Britains Town and corruptly by a transposition of letters â—â—â—â—noâ—â—m Dunbarton because the Britains held it a long time against the Scots Picts and Saxons For both by nature and situation it is the strongest Castle in all Scotland fixt upon a craggy two-headed Rock at the confluence of the Rivers in a green plain Upon one of its heads stands a high Watch-Tower on the other which is somewhat lower many strong Towers It hath but one ascent to it and that on the North-side between the two heads having scarce room enough to pass one by one by steps cut out of the rock crosswise with a world of labour Upon the West-side the Levin upon the South the Cluyde serve instead of ditches Eastward lies a Morass which every Tide is wholly under water Towards the North it is very well secur'd by the steepness of its situation Here some remains of the Britains who as Gildas writes generally retreated for shelter and entrench'd themselves upon the tops of craggy inaccessible mountains in thick Forrests and Rocks upon the Sea shore presuming upon the natural strength of the place and their own Courage defended themselves after the departure of the Romans for 300 years in the very midst of their Enemies For in Bede's time as he himself writes it was the best fortify'd City the Britains had R. Hoveden But in the year 756. Eadbert King of Northumberland and Oeng King of the Picts with their joynt Forces shut it up on every side and drove it to that extremity that it was surrender'd upon Articles Of this place the Territory round about is called the Sheriffdom of Dunbarton and hath long had the Earls of Lennox for Sheriffs by inheritance Now as for the Earls of Lennox The Earls of Lennox not to mention those more antient one Duncan was Earl of Lennox in the Reign of Robert the 2. who died and left two only Daughters behind him One of which was marry'd to Alan Stewart Stewart who was descended from Robert a younger son of Walter the 2. High Steward of Scotland and a Brother of Alexander Stewart the 2. founder of the royal line of Scotland For this illustrious Family took its name from that Honourable Office of High Steward of the Kingdom that is he that had the charge of the Revenues of the Crown This Alan had issue John Earl of Lennox and Robert made Captain of the Scotch Guard du Corps Scotâ—h Guard du Corps in France first rais'd by the French King Charles the 6. in recompence of the good services that nation had done the Crown of France as also Lord of Aubigny in Auvergne by the same King as a reward of his valour John had issue Matthew Earl of Lennox who marry'd the daughter of James Hamilton by Mariona daughter to King James the 2. by whom he had John Earl of Lennox who taking up arms to deliver King James the 5. out of the hands of the Douglasses and Hamiltons was kill'd by
if these vices had not continued among them even till our times the right of succession had been more certain and neither the Gentry nor Commonalty so much stain'd with the blood and murther of their own relations about the right of inheritance nor the whole Kingdom so infamous among foreign nations upon this account But this falls not within the compass of my design This Archiepiscopal dignity had not been long instituted till it was again confirmed by Vivian the Pope's Legat so that the opinion of some who prefer the See of Armagh and make it more ancient than that of Canterbury pleading that in this respect it ought to have the upper seat in all General Councils is but vain and empty for Armagh is the younger sister by many ages And besides precedence in General Councils is never given according to the antiquity of Sees Lib. 1. of â—oly Ceâ—â—monies Sâ—â—t 14. but all Prelates of what degree soever take place among their fellows according to their ordination or promotion During Vivian's abode in Ireland Armagh was reduc'd and subjected to the English by 43 Sir John Curcy John de Curcy who did little hurt to the Country but was very favourable to the Religious there and is said to have repair'd the Church which since our time was burnt together with the whole City by John O-Neal so that nothing remains at this day but some few watled cottages and the ruinous walls of the Monastery Priory and Archbishop's Palace Among the Bishops of this See the most eminent are S. Malachy the first that restrain'd Clerks from marrying in Ireland a man of great learning and piety in that age and who was no more tainted with the barbarity of the Country than Sea-fish with the saltness of the sea-water as S. Bernard who writ his life at large has told us Then Richard Fitz-Raulf commonly call'd Armachanus who wrote very sharply against the Friers Mendicants about the year 1355 abhorring that voluntary way of beggery in a Christian Near Armagh upon a hill are still visible the remains of an old Castle call'd Owen-Maugh which is said to have been the habitation of the King of Ulster More to the East lyes Black-water in Irish More i.e. great which is the boundary between this County and Tir Oen whereof we shall speak in its proper place In and about this County all the power and Interest is in the Mac Genises O-Hanlons O-Hagans and many of the family of the O-Neals who have distingush'd themselves by several sirnames The County of DOWN. NExt on the east lyes the County of Down very large and fruitful reaching as far as as the Irish sea bounded on the north with the Lough Eaugh or as it is called by a later name Logh-Sidney and on the south with the County of Louth from which it is separated by the river Newry Upon this river at its very entrance into the County a town of the same name was built and fortified since our memory by 44 Sir Nicholas Nicholas Bagnal Marshall of Ireland who by his excellent conduct did many memorable exploits here and and very much improved the County Not far from hence lyes the river Ban the less so called from the solitary mountains of Mourne from whence it rises and runs through the territory of a It is called Evaugh Eaugh belonging to the family of Mac Gynnis â—ac Gynâ—â—â— who had formerly a sharp contest with the O Neals that tyranniz'd in Ulster 45 Whether they were vassals to O-Neal and whether c. whether they should find O Neals soldiers provision c. which kind of service they called Bonoghty It had also an Episcopal See at Dramore above which upon the bank of the b Lough-Neagth Lough Eaugh lye the territories of c Killulto Kilwlto and Kilwarny much incumber'd with woods and boggs Thus much of the inner parts Upon the coast the sea insinuates it self with so many chops and creeks and the Lough spreads it self so very much near Dyffrin a woody vale heretofore the inheritance of the Mandevils and since of the Whites that it makes two Chersoneses Lecal Lecal on the south and Ardes on the Aquiâ—â—â—e north Lecal is a rich soil the remotest part of Ireland to the east The utmost promontory in it is now called by the mariners S. John's Foreland The Proâ—â—â—ory â—â—nium but by Ptolemy Isanium which perhaps comes from Isa a British word signifying lowest In the very streights of it stands Dunum â—â—â—um a flourishing town taken notice of by that name in Ptolemy but not in its proper place 't is now call'd Down â—â—â—n is very ancient a Bishop's See and remarkable for the tombs of Patrick Patricks â—â—â—â—chre Brigid and Columba who have this rhyming distich writ upon them Hi tres in Duno tumulo tumulantur in uno Brigida Patricius atque Columba pius One tomb three Saints contains one vault below Does Brigid Patrick and Columba show This monument of theirs is said to have been demolished by Leonard Gray Lord Deputy in Henry the eighth's time For certain upon his being accused of male-administration and found guilty the prophanation of S. Patrick's Church was among other things objected against him The Religious have contended as much about the burial-place of this S. Patrick as ever the Cities of Greece did about the native Country of Homer Those of Down will have it among them upon the authority of the verses aforesaid Those of Armagh fix it among them from that passage but now cited from S. Bernard The Monks of Glastenbury in England have challenged it and offer the Records and monuments of their Abbey to clear and make good their title And lastly the Scots some of them affirm him not only to be born near Glascow among them but buried there too 46 At Kirk-Patrick In this Down John Curcy a warlike Englishman and far more devout than generally soldiers are first setled the Benedictine Monks after he had reduc'd these parts and translated the Monastery of Carick which Mac Eulef King of Ulster had built in Erinaich near S. Finin Mac-Nell's Fountain into the Isle of Ynis-Curcy so called from him and by him well endow'd with lands and tenements Before that Endowment of Monastiries the Monks of Ireland like those anciently in Egypt whose order the pious Congellus that is as they interpret it A fair pledge brought into Ireland were wholly devoted to prayer and so industrious as not only to supply their own wants but those of others by the labour of their own hands But this like all humane institutions was but short liv'd their manners corrupted and riches by little stifled that piety which first gave them being in the world Robert Roberd de Mons de Immutatione Ordinis Monachorum Abbot of Molism in Burgundy took a great deal of pains to recover this ancient discipline persuading his disciples to live by
any expence or writing by certain judges whom they choose among themselves and call Deemsters Deemsters For the Magistrate taketh up a stone and after he has mark'd it gives it to the plaintiff by virtue whereof he summons in his witnesses and the defendant If the case is difficult and of great consequence it is referred to the hearing of twelve men whom they call the Keys of the Island Keys of the Island Annos They have also certain Coroners these they call Annos who are instead of Sheriffs and execute their office As for the Ecclesiastical Judge he hears and determines all causes within eight days from the citation and the party must either stand to his sentence or go to gaol As their language is peculiar so likewise are their laws and money as I have heard which are both signs of a distinct soveraignty The Ecclesiastical laws in force here next after the Canon law come nearest to the civil Neither the Judge nor the Clerks of the Court have any fees either for the process or instruments As for those mischievous effects of witchcraft of which English writers tell us there 's nothing in it The richer sort and those that have estates imitate the gentry of Lancashire in splendid living and integrity The women never stir abroad but with their winding sheets about them to put them in mind of mortality If a woman be tried and receives sentence of death she is sow'd up in a sack and thrown from a rock into the sea Stealing and begging from door to door is universally detested The people are wonderful religious and all of them zealously conformable to the Church of England They are likewise great enemies to the disorders as well Civil as Ecclesiastical of their neighbour Countreys And whereas the whole Isle is divided into two parts south and north the Inhabitants of this speak like the Scots and those of the other like the Irish If I should here subjoin a short history of the affairs of this Island it would be worth my while and truth it self seems to challenge it that hereby I may preserve the memory of such actions as are if not already buried in oblivion yet next door to it That this Island as well as Britain was possessed by the Britains is granted on all sides But when the northern nations broke in like a violent tempest upon these southern parts it became subject to the Scots In the time of Honorius and Arcadius Orosius says that it was as much inhabited by the Scots as Ireland was * By others Built and Ninius tells us of one Binle a certain Scot that held it Yet the same author observes that they were driven out of Britain and the Isles belonging to it by Cuneda the Grandfather of Maglocunas who from the cruel ravages he made in this Island is call'd the Dragon of the Isles by Gildas Afterwards this Island and likewise Anglesey aforesaid was subjected to the English Monarchy by Edwin King of the Northumbrians if we suppose them both to be signified by the word Menaviae as Writers would have us think At this time it was reputed a British Island At last when the north overswarming a second time sent out another Brood of Normans Danes and Norwegians to seek their fortune in the world the Norwegians who most sadly infested this sea by their piracies possessed themselves of this Island and the Hebrides and set up petty Princes over them of whom I will here add this Historical Account as it is word for word in an old Manuscript lest it should perish by some unlucky accident The title it bears is Chronicon Manniae i.e. A Chronicle of Man It seems to have been written by the Monks of Russin-Abbey the most eminent Monastery that was in this Island A CHRONICLE of the KINGS of MAN IN the year of our Lord 1065. died Edward King of England of pious memory to whom Harold son of Godwin succeeded Harold Harfager King of Norway rais'd war against him and was so beaten at a battle at Stainfordbridge that his men ran away In this flight one Godred sirnamed Crovan the son of Harold the black escaping out of Iseland came to Godred the son of Syrric King of Man at that time and was honourably entertained by him The same year William the Bastard conquered England and Godred the son of Syrric King of Man died and was succeeded by his son Fingall An. 1066. Godred Crovan got a numerous fleet together and arrived at Man where he fought with the inhabitants but was overcome and put to flight Having rallied his forces and his fleet he landed again at Man fought the inhabitants and was routed by them Having rais'd a great army the third time he came by night to the port called Ramsa and laid an ambuscade of three hundred men in a wood upon the hollow brow of a hill call'd Scacafel As soon as the sun was up the inhabitants drew themselves up in battalia and fell upon Godred with great violence When both parties were close engaged the three hundred men that lay in ambush behind came out to the assistance of their Countrymen and put the Islanders to flight When they saw themselves overcome and no place to retreat to for the tide was in so that there was no passing the river Ramsa and the enemy was at their heels pursuing them in a moanful manner they petitioned Godred to spare their lives Godred being moved with compassion at the calamitous condition of a people among whom he had himself been brought up for some time recall'd his army and hindred them from making any farther pursuit The next day Godred gave his army their choice whether they would divide the lands of the Isle among them and live there or seise upon the wealth and substance of the Country and return home with it But his army was rather for spoiling the Island and enriching themselves with the goods of it and so for departing However Godred himself with some of the Islanders that stayed with him settled in the south part of the Island and granted the north part to the remains of the natives upon condition that none of them should ever presume to claim any part of it as their inheritance Hence to this very day the whole Island is the King 's and all the rents that arise in it belong to him Godred then reduced Dublin and a great part of Laynestir As for the Scots he brought them to such subjection that if any of them built a ship or a boat they durst not drive * Plus quam tres clavos inscrere above 3 nails in it He reigned sixteen years and died in the Island call'd Yle leaving three sons Lagman Harald and Olave Lagman being eldest seised upon the Kingdom and reigned seven years His brother Harald continued a long time in rebellion against him but being at last taken he had his privy members cut off and his eyes put out Afterwards Lagman
part I think he has no occasion for an Apology but if he had his performance in other places where the Original comes up to the just Rules of Poetry would make it for him Of all in the Book the Wedding of Tame and Isis seems to run in the best vein whether we look upon the Smoothness the Thought or the Composition Who the Author of it was is not certainly known but if we should fix upon Mr. Camden himself perhaps there would be no occasion for a second conjecture One argument is because he never names the Author whereas he could not but know him when the Poem was publish'd in his own time Then if we compare the subject of it with what he has said of the several places it touches upon we shall find them to be much the same Very often also upon the mention of that fancy about the Tamisis being deriv'd from the meeting of Tame and Isis he seems to be pleas'd with it more than ordinary And which in my opinion puts it beyond all exception he never quotes the Poem with any the least commendation but always ushers it in with a sort of coldness Now this is by no means agreeable to Mr. Camden's temper who is always careful to allow every thing its just character Let it be a Monkish Rhyme he never omits to mention it favourably if there appears the least dram of wit or if it has nothing of that to recommend it he 'l endeavour to excuse it and tell you 'T is tolerable for the age he liv'd in By this rule one may be sure that such a Poem should never have pass'd without a particular mark of honour if Mr. Camden himself had not been so nearly concern'd in it but so far is he from approving it that he brings it in with a sort of caution or rather contempt Pag. 147 Let it not be thought troublesome to run over these Verses P. 157. If you can relish them P. 324. If you vouchsafe to read them P. 241 264. You may read or omit them as you please Expressions becoming Mr. Camden's modesty when he speaks of himself but very unlike his candour in the characters of other men and their works The Maps are all new engrav'd either according to Surveys never before publish'd or according to such as have been made and printed since Saxton and Speed Where actual Surveys could be had they were purchas'd at any rate and for the rest one of the best Copies extant was sent to some of the most knowing Gentlemen in each County with a request to supply the defects rectifie the positions and correct the false spellings And that nothing might be wanting to render them as complete and accurate as might be this whole business was committed to Mr. Robert Morden a person of known abilities in these matters who took care to revise them to see the slips of the Engraver mended and the corrections return'd out of the several Counties duly inserted Upon the whole we need not scruple to affirm that they are by much the fairest and most correct of any that have yet appear'd And as for an error here and there whoever considers how difficult it is to hit the exact Bearings and how the difference of miles in the several parts of the Kingdom perplex the whole may possibly have occasion to wonder there should be so few Especially if he add to these inconveniencies the various Spellings of Places wherein it will be impossible to please all till men are agreed which is the right I have heard it observ'd by a very Intelligent Gentleman that within his memory the name of one single place has been spell'd no less than five several ways Thus much of the Work For the Vndertakers I must do them this piece of justice to tell the world that they spar'd neither pains nor expence so they might contribute to the perfection of the Book and the satisfaction of the Curious That they have fail'd in point of time was occasion'd chiefly by the Additions which are much larger than either they at first intended or any one could reasonably expect from the Proposals A Glossary had been added but that Mr. Camden himself has made it needless by explaining the more obscure Words as he had occasion to mention them A Catalogue of the Seats of the Nobility was also design'd but upon second thoughts was judg'd unnecessary because the greatest part of them have their place in the body of the Book ADVERTISEMENT There are now in the Press and will speedily be publish'd A Compleat History of England written by several hands of approv'd ability containing the Lives of all the Kings their Effigies engraven in Copper several Coins Medals Inscriptions c. for illustration of matters of fact A Map of England noting the Battels Sieges and remarkable places mention'd in the History And at the end large Index's and a Glossary explaining all difficult words and terms of art occurring in the work The whole to be contain'd in two Volumes in folio the first whereof will be publish'd in Trinity-Term 1695. A more particular account of this Work may be seen in the Proposals for printing this Book by Subscription to be had of the Undertakers R. Chiswell B. Aylmer A. Swall c. Booksellers in London as also of all other Booksellers in London and the Country A new Volume of du Pin's History of Ecclesiastical Writers being the History of the Controversies and other Ecclesiastical Affairs transacted in the Church during the Ninth Century English'd with great care Will be speedily publish'd by A. Swall and T. Child Books lately printed for A. Swall and T. Child at the Unicorn in St. Paul s Church-yard Viz. A New History of the Lives and Writings of the Primitive Fathers and other Ecclesiastical Writers together with an exact Catalogue also an Abridgment of all their Works and an account of their various Editions together with a Judgment upon their Stile and Doctrine and a History of the Councils Written in French by L. E. du Pin and English'd with great Additions In six small Volumes in folio containing the History of the Church and of the Authors that flourish'd from the time of our Saviour to the end of the Eighth Century Theatrum Scotiae containing a short Description and Prospects curiously engraven in Copper as large as the sheet of the Castles Palaces and most considerable Towns and Colleges as also the remains of many ancient Churches and Monasteries of the Kingdom of Scotland Written by John Sleezer Captain of the Artillery Company and Surveyor of His Majesty's Stores in that Kingdom and printed in Folio on Royal Paper T. Lucretii Cari de Rerum Natura Libri sex quibus Interpretationem Notas addidit Thom. Creech Col. Omn. anim Soc. cui etiam accessit Index Vocabulor omnium 8o. BOOKS lately printed for A. and J. Churchil in Pater-noster-Row BUchanan's Chronicle of the Kings of Scotland Folio Mr. Locke of Human Understanding Fol.
Kirkby-Thore in the same County MS. This County as to Pedigrees and the Intermarriages of greater Families has been well consider'd and illustrated by Sir Daniel Fleming a great Encourager and Promoter of Aniquities MS. WILTSHIRE STone-henge restor'd written by Sir Inigo Jones and publish'd by Mr. Webb 1658. Answer to Sir Inigo Jones by Dr. Charleton Vindication of Sir Inigo Jones by his Son in Law Mr. Webb Architect to King Charles 1. Publish'd 1665. Sammes of Stonehenge a separate Discourse in his Britannia A short Treatise upon the same Subject was written by Mr. John Gibbons MS. Wilton-garden describ'd in 22 Copper Cutts in folio At that time it had the reputation of one of the finest gardens in Europe Mr. Tanner of Queen's College in Oxford has made large Collections in order to the Antiquities of this County See Wiltshire pag. 107. WORCESTERSHIRE WOrcester's Eulogie or a grateful acknowledgment of her Benefactors by J. T. Master of Arts a Poem 1638. A large description of Worcestershire MS. is now in the hands of Thomas Abingdon Esquire It was written by his Grandfather an able and industrious Antiquary YORKSHIRE AND RICHMONDSHIRE A Catalogue of all the Bailiffs Mayors and Sheriffs of the City of York from the time of Edw. 1. to the year 1664. by ..... Hillyard Recorder of the same City York 1665. Some Observations upon the Ruins of a Roman-Wall and multangular Tower in York with the draught by Martin Lister Esquire Phil. Transact Num. 145. Jul. 10. 1683. The Antiquities of the City of York by Sir Thomas Widdrington MS. The original Manuscript is now in the hands of Thomas Fairfax of Menston Esq See Yorkshire pag. 734. Dr. Jonston of Pontefract hath made large collections in order to the Antiquities of this whole County which he is now digesting and fitting for the Publick The English Spaw-Fountain in the Forest of Knaresburrow by Edw. Dean M. D. 1626. Another Book upon the same Subject by Mich. Stanhop 1632. A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural Dialect 1683. WALES GIraldus Cambrensis's Itinerary of Wales A Manuscript of David Morganius mention'd by Vossius History of Penbrokeshire written by Geo. Owen Esq now in the hands of Howel Vaughan of Hengwrt Esquire TREATISES relating to SCOTLAND extracted out of Sir Robert Sibalds's Materials for the Scotch-Atlas THeatrum Scotiae by Robert Gordon in Latin Description of Edenburgh by his Son A description of Scotland and the Isles adjacent by Petruccius Ubaldinus in Italian King James 5th's Voyage round his Kingdom with the Hebrides and Orcades in French The Original Manners c. of the Scots by John Lesly Heroës Scoti by John Jonston A Catalogue of the Scotch Nobility in Scotch Andreae Melvini Gathelus Topographia Scotiae by the same hand An account of Rona and Hirta by Sir Geo. Makenzy Metals and Minerals in Scotland by D. Borthwick An account of Cathness by Mr. William Dundass An account of Sutherland by the same hand Observations upon Cathness by the same hand An account of Hadington deliver'd by the Magistrates of the place Description of part of the Praefecture of Aberdeen An account of a strange Tide in the river of Forth by the Reverend Mr. Wright Vindication of Buchanan against Camden per D. H.MS Collections relating to St. Andrews MS. The Antiquity of the Scotch Nation MS. Description of the High-lands of Scotland MS. Vindication of Scotland against Camden by W. Drummond of Hawthornden MS. An account of the metals found in Scotland by Mr. Atkinson MS. A description of Scotland and of the Northern and Western Isles MS. Scotia illustrata by Sir Rob. Sibalds Theatrum Scotiae or a description of the most considerable Cities and Gentlemen's Seats in the Kingdom of Scotland by J. Slezer Barclay's Treatise of Aberdeen-spaw Vid. Theatrum Scotiae pag. 30. IRELAND SIR James Ware hath given us an exact List of the Irish Authors in his Scriptores Hiberniae edit Dublin 1639. ISLANDS A Descripâ—ion of the Isle of Man in Dan. King's Antiquities of Cheshire An accurate Description of the same Island MS. out of which the Additional Account to the Isle of Man was extracted for me by Mr. Strahan of Baliol-College in Oxford A Description of Thule by Sir Robert Sibalds A Description of the Orcades by Mr. Wallace An Account of the Orcades by Matthew Mackaile A Discovery of the Tides in these Islands by the same Hand Description of Hethland and of the Fishery there by Jo. Smith A Table of Hethland with a description of it Observations upon the Aebudae An accurate Description of Jersey by Mr Fall 4o. ¶ Besides these there are great Numbers of Lieger-Books Charters Registers c. relating to the Religious Houses preserv'd in the Libraries of Sir Thomas Bodley Sir John Cotton c. and in the hands of several private Gentlemen a Catalogue whereof with the Proprietors is given by Mr. Tanner in his Notitia Monastica Antoninuss ITINERARY THROUGH BRITAIN As it is compar'd by Mr. BURTON with the several Editions Iter Britanniarum à Gessoriaco de Galliis Ritupis in Portu Britanniarum Stadia numero CCCCL ITER I. A Limite id est à Vallo Praetorium usque M. P. CLVI Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana Ab Remaenio A Bremenio Corstopilum m. p. xx Bramenio Corstopitum  Vindomoram m. p. ix   Vinoviam m. p. xix Viconia  Cataractonem m. p. xxii   Isurium m. p. xxiv  Ebur 17. Eboracum Leg. vi Victrix m p. xvii Ebur 17.  Derventionem m. p. vii   Delgovitiam m. p. xiii   Praetorium m. p. xxv  ITER II. Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  Iter à Vallo ad   Portum Ritupas   M. P. CCCCLXXXI sic  Ablato Tâ—lg A Blato Bulgio Castra Exploratorum m. p. * xii Ablat  * 10 15. Lugu-vall Luguvallum m. p. xii Lugu-vall  Voredam m. p. xiiii   Brovonacim m. p. xiii   Verterim m. p. * xiii * al. 20.  Lavatrim m. p. xiiii  * 16. Cataractonem m. p. * xiii * 16. Isuriam Isurium m. p. xxiiii Isuriam Eburacum 18. Eboracum m. p. xvii Eburacum 18. Cacaria Calcariam m. p. ix  Cambodun Camulodunum m. p. xx Cambodun  Mamucium m. p. xviii Mammuc Manuc  Condate m. p. xviii  * Vici Devam Leg. xx * Victrix m. p. xx * Leg. xxiii ci  Bovium m. p. x.   Mediolanum m. p. xx   Rutunium m. p. xii  Urio Con. Viroconium m. p. xi Urio Con.  Uxaconam m. p. xi  Penno-Cruc Pennocrucium m. p. xii Penno-Cruc  Etocetum m. p. xii  Mandues-Sed * 16. Manduessedum m.p. * vi ††16 Mandues-Sed  Venonim m. p. xii  Bennavent 16. Bennavennam m. p. xvii Bennavent Ban.  Lactodorum m. p. xii Lactorod  Magiovintum m. p. * xvii Magint * 12.  Durocobrivim m. p. xii Duro-Cobr Vero-Lam Verolamium m. p. xii Vero-Lam
possess'd by Barbarians with the shapes of several beasts artfully cut out in the bodies of them in their youth so that these prints in their flesh might grow and increase as their bodies did Nor is there any thing reckon'd a sign of more patience among these Barbarous Nations than to make such deep scars in their limbs as may receive a great deal of this dye Dio. They worship'd Andates Andates that is to say the Goddesses Victoria and Andrastes Shipping of the Britains Caesar and Lucan They had Ships the keel and mast whereof were made of light wood the other parts of it was cover'd over with leather Solinus The Sailors never eat till their voyage be finish'd The drink us'd by them was made of Barley and so 't is likewise by us at this day as Dioscorides says who mis-names it Curmi Curmi for Kwrw for so the Britains term what we call Ale Many of them had only one wife as Eusebius says Praepar 6. Plutarch writes That some of them would live an hundred and twenty years the natural heat of the body being preserv'd by the coldness of the Country The Brittish Tyrants As for those ancient years of inhumane tyrants Gildas speaks of I know not what he means by them unless he hints to those who took upon them the government in these parts in opposition to the Romans and were call'd at that time Tyranni For he presently adds from S. Jerome Porphyrie raging in the east like a mad dog against the Church thus proceeds after his vain and wild rate calling Britain a Province plentiful in tyrants I shall say nothing of their ancient Religion for it was not really a Religion but a dismal and confused heap of superstition For after the Devil had involv'd the truth of Religion in mists and darkness Religion of he Britains Gildas tells us That the specters of Britain were purely hellish more numerous than those of Aegypt of which some are yet remaining strangely featur'd and ugly and to be seen both within and without their forsaken walls looking stern and grim after their usual manner As for the Britains being at the rape of Hesione with Hercules inferr'd from those verses of Cornelius supposed by some to be the same with Nepos while he describes the marriage of Telemon and Hesione Et in aurea pecula fusi In vitant sese pateris plâ—bs mixta Britanni c. With generous wine the golden Vessels flow'd And well-fill'd bowls went round the undistinguish'd crowd Britains among the rest This is plainly poetical and that the Author of it was not Cornelius Nepos as the Germans will have it but Josephus Iscanus or Joseph of Exeter I can clearly demonstrate For he makes mention of our Henry II. and of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury Whether or no Ulysses came hither Brodaeus l. 3. c. 4. Misceâ— Ulysses never in Britain as Solinus says is manifest from an Altar with an inscription of Greek letters on it is question'd by Brodaeus and c See Mr. George Carleton's opinion of tâ—is matter in a letter at large to Mr. Camden publisht in his Epistles p. â—12 I should rather imagine it erected in honour of Ulysses than raised by him tho' they would have this Ulysses to be Elizza Japhet's grandson For it appears by history and we have already observ'd that the antient Greeks were great travellers both by sea and land and therefore it ought not to seem strange if we find some names and monuments of them in many places Now they took those names not so frequently from their own Ancestors as from Heroes who were equally if not more honour'd among them than Confessors and Martyrs among Christians And therefore as those Countries newly found out take their names from St. John St. Dominic St. Francis and many other Saints so likewise no one will deny but the same was done among the Greeks And of all their Heroes which of them has ever made voyages either more frequently or more long and tedious than Ulysses did No wonder then that Mariners should generally make their vows to him and consecrate the places of their arrival with his name Thus Ulyssipo upon the mouth of the river Tagus took its name and thus in other places are those monuments of Ulysses Laertes and his companions which are not to be ascribed to Ulysses as the founder of them but as we ought to suppose dedicated by Grecian travellers to that Hero who himself of all others was the greatest John Tzetzes in his Variae Historiae writes That our British Kings made Cato the elder who was so profess'd an enemy to the vice and debauchery of the Romans many presents in respect and honour to his virtue and that long before the name of Britain was known at Rome I leave him to make good the truth of this story but how fabulous an Author he is the learn'd are sufficiently sensible Nor would I have the reader believe Alexander the Great never in Britain that Alexander the great went from the East-Indies to the streights of Gibraltar and to Britain upon the authority of Cedrenus against other Historians From thence being come into Aphasis * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gades and the British nation and having furnish'd himself with a thousand hulks c. That of Trithemius out of Hunnibald is much such stuff relating that King Bassanus put away his wife the King of the Orcades's daughter in the year before Christ 284 and that thereupon he made war against Bassanus with the auxiliaries he had from the King of the Britains Neither would I have any one imagine Hannibal never in Britain that Hannibal carri'd on a war in Britain because of that passage of Polybius in the Eclogae of the XI Book 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For the place is corrupted and it should be read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as 't is also in the 42 Book of Dio. For in both places they treat of the Brutii in Italy and yet I will not deny but that the Greeks about this time might arrive here For Athenaeus describing from Moschion a very ancient Author that ship of Hiero Hiero's Ship which was admired by every one for greatness and workmanship tells us That the Main-mast of it was with much difficulty at last found by a Swine-herd in the mountains of Britain and from thence convey'd into Sicily by Phileas Tâ—urominites a Mechanick But I fear the Criticks will here also read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and refer it to the Brutian-Hills in Italy The Bâ—itains in expediâ—ions with the Cimbrians Triadum Liber Yet 't is likely that the Britains went some of them with the Cimbrians and the Gauls in those expeditions of theirs into Greece and Italy For besides the name common to both of them in the Triades a very ancient British Book where we find mention of three great
being recall'd upon an insurrection in Judaea the Britains had certainly freed themselves from the Roman yoke if Adrian himself had not come in person hither who in his third Consulship in the year of Christ 124 seems by the valour of his army to have defeated them For in a Coin of his we see a General with three souldiers which I suppose are to represent the three legions of Britain with this Inscription EXER BRITANNICUS and another with this Inscription RESTITUTOR BRITANNIAE This Prince reform'd many things in the Island and drew a Wall fourscore miles long to separate the Barbarians from the Romans Spartian making it of great timber planks fixt in the ground and joined one to another not unlike a hedge For which expedition the Poet Florus plays thus upon him Ego nolo Caesar esse Ambulare per Britannos Scythicas pati pruinas Caesar may reign secure for me I won't be Caesar no not I To stalk about the British shore Be wet with Scythian snow all o're To which Adrian reply'd Ego nolo Florus esse Ambulare per tabernas Latitare per popinas Culices pati rotundos Florus may rake secure for me I won't be Florus no not I The streets and idle shops to scower Or in by-taverns lewdly roar With potent rummers wet all o're Cl. Priscus Licinius Propraetor of Britain At this time M. F. Cl. Priscus Licinius was Propraetor of Britain who was with Hadrian in that expedition of his against the Jews as appears by this old Inscription in a broken marble M. F. CL. PRISCO ICINIO ITALICO LEGATO AUGUSTORUM PR PR PROV CAPPADOCIAE PR PR PROV BRITANNIAE LEG AUG LEG IIII. GALLICIAE PRAEF COH IIII LINGONUM VEXILLO MIL. ORNATO A. DIVO HADRIANO IN EXPEDITIONE IVDAIC Q. CASSIUS DOMITIUS PALUMBUS In the reign of Antoninus Pius Antoâ—â—â—â—â— Pius Eâ— who by a Constitution of his made all within the bounds of the Roman Empire citizens of Rome the war broke out again here Lâ—llius Urbiâ—â—â— Propâ—aetor Câ—â—â—â—â—nus but was so well ended by Lâ—llius Urbicus the Legate by removing the barbarians and making another wall of earth that upon it he was sirnam'd Britannicus and had great commendation for taking some part of their country from the Brigantes because they had made incursions into Genouma a neighbouring Province belonging to the Romans Pausâ—â—â— in his Acadica Dâ—gâ—sâ— 36. Archigâ—bernâ—â— And at this time as may be gather'd from Jabolenus Seius Saturnius was Archigubernus of the fleet in Britain But whether it be meant that he was Admiral or Chief-Pilot or the Master of a Ship let the Lawyers determine The Britains falling from one war into another began to revolt again in the time of Antoninus the Philosopher To quiet which commotions Antoninus the Philosopher Caâ—pâ—â—nius Agricola Propraetor Eumeâ—â— Capâ—â—â—nus Calphurnius Agricola was sent over who seems to have succeeded very happily The glory of putting an end to this war Fronto who was inferior to none for Roman eloquence but himself one of the greatest masters of it attributes to the Emperor Antoninus For though he remained at his Palace here in the city and committed the care of it to another yet in his opinion like the Pilot sitting at the helm of the ship he deserv'd the glory of the whole expedition and voyage At that time Helvius Pertinax was a souldier in Britain sent thither from the Parthian Wars and there detain'd In the reign of Commodus Commodus Eâ— there was nothing but wars and seditions throughout Britain For the barbarous Britains having got over the wall made great waste in the country and cut off the Roman General and his army Ulpius Marcelâ—â— Prop aetor So that Vlpius Marcellus was sent against them who succeeded so well in this expedition that upon his great bravery he began to be envied and was recall'd Xiphâ—â— out of Dio. This General was vigilant above all others and to the end that they about him might be as watchful he wrote every evening twelve Tables such as commonly are made of †Tilia Linden-wood and commanded one of his attendants to carry the same to some of the souldiers now at one hour of the night and now at another Whereby they might think their General was ever awake and they themselves might sleep the less Of his temperance he adds likewise Though he was naturally able to abstain from sleep yet that he might do it the better he was very spare in his diet For that he should not eat his bellyful of bread he had it brought from Rome for him that by reason of the age and staleness of it he might eat no more than was barely necessary Upon his being recall'd from Britain the army grew heady and dissolute and all manner of discipline began to be disregarded so that they denied submission to Commodus as Emperor though he was sirnam'd Britannicus by his flatterers Moreover they sent fifteen hundred of their fellow souldiers into Italy against Perennis who had not only a shew of favour but a real sway and interest in the Emperor accusing him of displacing Senators to prefer †Equâ—stris 〈◊〉 viros Gentlemen to their Offices and of a plot and design he had upon the Emperor's Life Commodus gave credit to it and deliver'd him up into their hands who scourg'd him severely beheaded him and declared him an enemy to his country These broils were at last quieted by Helvius Pertinax but not without great danger Helvius Pertinax Propraetor being almost himself slain and left as such among the dead in appeasing them Thus Britain was delivered in peace by Commodus to Clodius Albinus Clodius Albinus Propraetor Capitâ—â—â—nus Junius Sâ—verâ—s Pâ—â—praeâ—oâ— sirnamed afterwards for his great atchievements in Britain Caesareus but was soon order'd to resign to Junius Severus for a speech of his wherein he had with too much liberty inveigh'd against the conduct and administration of the Emperors The Christian Religion in Britain At this time the clouds of superstition and ignorance began to disperse that is not when M. Aurelius and L. Verus were Emperors as Bede writes but in Commodus's reign when Elutherus was Bishop of Rome and the light of the Christian Religion by the means of King c When he lived in what part of Britain he reign'd how far he was concern'd in bringing in the Christian Religion and all other circumstances belonging to that history are handled at large by Dr. Stillingst Orig. Britan. p. 67. Lucius King Lucius to shine in this Island Who as 't is said in the Old Martyrologies which were wont to be read in Churches admiring the integrity and holiness of the Christians sent Eluanus and Meduanus Britains to Pope Eleutherus intreating him that he and his subjects might be instructed in the Christian Religion Upon this immediately the Pope dispatched certain holy men hither namely Fugatius and Donatianus with letters which are yet extant dated in the
Yet others remained in their native country though with great fear trusting their lives to vast mountains dreadful precipices intrenched places to woody forrests and rocks in the sea Some of those who passed beyond sea were they without question who to secure themselves went in great numbers to Armorica in France where they were received very kindly by the Armoricans Which a See the Additions to Cornwall as also Isacius Pontanus in his Letter to Mr. Camden published among his Epistles p. 90. not to mention a community of language that of Armorica being almost the same with our British or Welch nor other Authors who agree in this point is proved by an Author in the next age to it and born in Armorica who has writ the life of S. Wingualof the Confessor A race of Britains says he imbarked in little vessels were transported over the British sea to this land a barbarous nation of the Saxons terrible and warlike and all of like manners having possessed themselves of their native Country Then that dear race shut themselves within this corner where being wore out with fatigue they are setled in a quiet country Yet our Historians tell us that the Britains were long before this seated on that coast Malmesbury says That Constantine the Great was saluted Emperor by his army and order'd an expedition for the Superioâ—s terras higher parts brought away with him many British Souldiers by whose means having obtained the Empire with successful victories he planted such of them as had run through the full course of Souldiery in a certain part of Gaul towards the west upon the shore where to this day their posterity are prodigiously increased and somewhat altered in modes and language from our Britains This was certainly an order of Constantine the Emperor Let the old souldiers enter upon the vacant lands and hold them freely for ever â—od Theod. â—ib 7. Tit. â—0 Likewise Ninius Maximus the Emperor who slew Gratian would not send home the souldiers that had followed him out of Britain but gave them many countreys from the Poole above Mons Jovis to the city called Cantguic and to the western heap or Cruc-occhidient He that writes notes upon Ninnius adds falsly That the Armorican Bishops beyond sea went from hence in an expedition with Maximus the Tyrant and when they could not return lay the western parts of France level with the ground and taking their wives and daughters to marriage cut out all their tongues lest the children should speak their language And upon this account we call them in our language Lhet Vydion i.e. half silent because they speak confusedly I cannot gainsay the authority of these men but yet am of opinion that the children of these veterans willingly receiv'd the Britains that fled out of their own Country However the name of Britains does not appear by the Writers of that age to have been in these parts before the Saxons came into Britain unless those be they whom Pliny seems to place in Picardy and who are called Brinani in some Copies For whoever imagines with Volaterranus from the fourth book of Strabo that Britannia was a city of France let him but look upon the Greek Text and he may easily learn that Strabo speaks there of the Island Britain and not of a City As for that verse of Dionysius Afer which I have already cited some are inclined rather to understand it as Stephanus does of our Britains then as Eustathius does of them in Armorica especially seeing Festus Avienus an ancient Writer has thus rendered it Cauris nimiùm vicina * Britannia Britannis Flavaque caesariem Germania porrigit ora Cold Britain plac'd too near the Northern winds And yellow hair'd Germany her coast extends Nor let any man think that the Britanniciani Britanniciani mentioned in the Notitia came originally from hence who were really those troops of Souldiers that were raised in our Britain Before the arrival of our Britains this Country was called Armorica Armonica i.e. situated by the sea side after that to the same sense in our British tongue Llydaw Lexovit perhaps in Pliny that is upon the shore and by our Latin writers of the middle age Letavia Zonaras And therefore I suppose them to be the Laeti which Zosimus talks of in Gaul when he takes notice that Magnentius the Tyrant was born among the Laeti there and that his father was a Britain These * Called by Proâ—opius Arborici and by another the Country it self Cornu Galliae the horn of France Armorici during the reign of Constantine who was chosen for the sake of his name and the time the Barbarians quite over-ran France turned out the Roman Garisons made themselves a distinct Commonwealth But Valentinian the Younger by the assistance of Aetius and the mediation of St. German reduced them At that time Exuperantius seems to have reigned over them Of whom Claudius Rutilius thus Cujus Aremoricas pater Exuperantius oras Nunc post liminium pacis amore docet Leges restituit libertatemque reducit Et servos famulis non sinit esse suis Where great Exuperantius gently sways And makes the Natives love return in peace Restores their laws and grateful freedom gives Nor basely lets them be his servant's slaves From these verses I cannot tell but Aegidius Maserius might conclude that the Britains were servants to the Armorici and â—egained their freedom in spight of them The first mention of the Britains in b S illingfl Orig. Britan. p. 187. Armorica that I know of was in the year 461 about thirty years after the Saxons were call'd into Britain for then Mansuetus a British Bishop among others of that dignity in France and Armorica first subscribed in the Council of Tours In the ninth year after these new Inhabitants of France seeing the Visigoths possess themselves of the fertile countreys of Anjou and Poictou set upon them and were the only men that stopped them from seising all France into their own hands For they sided with Anthemius the Roman Emperor against the Goths so that Arvandus was condemned of high treason Sid. Apollinar for writing letters to the King of the Goths advising him to conquer the Britains who lived upon the Loire and to divide France between the Goths and Burgundians These Britains were a cunning sort of people An. 470. warlike seditious and stubborn upon the account of their valour numbers and allies says Sidonius Appollinaris in his complaint of them to his friend Riothimus as he himself calls him but Jornandes stiles him King of the Britains who being afterwards sent for by Anthemius went with a supply of 12000 men to the Romans but before he could joyn them was defeated in a fair engagement by the Goths and so fled to the Burgundians who were then Confederates with the Romans From that time the Armorici being subdued by little and little the name of Britains grew so great in
moderns are of opinion who would deduce the word Gaiothel as Cathalonia in Spain from the Goths Here they may seek proofs from the resemblance between the Gothick language and the Irish which yet has no congruity with any other language of Europe that I can find but only the British and the German How true that of Huntington may be The Scots came from Spain to Ireland in the fourth age of the world a part of them still remaining speaks the same language and are called Navarri I say how true this passage is let others judge I here take no notice of David Chambres a Scotchman who has been informed by the Jesuites that the Scotch language is spoke in the East-Indies I am afraid the distance of that country might prompt the credulous man to take the liberty of telling a lye which he never made G ths and Higâ—lanâ—ers have â—he same â—pparel If arguments may be drawn from the habits we shall soon find the same dress and apparel among the Highlâ—nders of Scotland that was formerly used by the Goths as appears by Sidonius who in his description of a Goth has given you the fair draught of a Scotch Highlander They shine says he with yellow they cover their feet as high as the ancle with hairy untann'd leather Their knees legs and calves are all bare Their garment is high close and of sundry colours hardly reaching down to their hams Their sleeves only cover the upper part of their arms Their inner coat is green and edged with red fringe Their belts hang down from the shoulder The lappets of their ears are cover'd with * Flagellis locks of hair hanging over them for so the manifold and distinct twists that there are in the hair of the Scotch and Irish are properly called Their Arms are hooked Spears which Gildas terms uncinata tela and hatchets to fling Thâ—y were also strait bodied coats as Porphyrio says without girdles In Horat. de Arte Poet. If this is not the very habit of the Irish-Scots I appeal to their own judgments I would also have them think upon this passage of Giraldus Cambrensis in his first Book De Institutione Principis When Maximus was transported from Britain into Gaul with the whole strength of men arms and ammuniton that the Island could raise to possess himself of the Empire Gratian and Valentinian brothers and partners in the Empire shipped over the Goths a nation hardy and valiant being at that time either their allies or subject and obliged to them by some Imperial favours from the borders of Scythia into the north parts of Britain in order to annoy them and make them call back the usurper with their youth But they being too strong both by reason of the natural valour of the Goths and also because they found the Island destitute of men and strength possest themselves of no small territories in the northern parts of the Island But now who these Goths were others must find out unless they may be allowed to be Scots and perhaps they may have some light into that search from Procopius where Belisarius answers the Goths expostulating why they had granted Sicily to the Romans in these words Lib. 2. de Bello Gothorum We permit the Goths likewise to have Britain which is much more excellent than Sicily being heretofore conquer'd by the Romans For 't is reason that they who bestow favours should receive either equal thanks or an equal return of kindness To this also may seem to be referr'd what the Scots write of Fergusius the Scot's being a companion of Alarick the Goth at the sacking of Rome Lib. 6. cap. 25. what Irenicus tells us of Gensricus King of the Vandals going over to Scotland and Britain and what Cambrensis I know not upon how good authority relates of the Gaideli or Scots taking not only their name but their original from the Vandals who as P. Diaconus informs us were the same with the Goths Nor is it to be thought a diminution of the glory of the Scots if they own themselves the progeny of the Goths when the most potent Kings of Spain value themselves upon that extraction and the greatest of the Nobility among the Italians either derive their pedigree from the Goths or at least pretend to do it Levinus Lemnius And the Emperor Charles the fifth was wont to say in good earnest that all the Nobility of Europe were derived from Scandia and the Goths However all this is not so weighty as that I dare persuade my self that the Scots are the real off spring of the Goths In short Diodorus Siculus I would have the learned part of the Scotchmen consider whether they are not descended from the old British Inhabitants of Ireland for it is certain that the British formerly inhabited Ireland and whether they were called Scythae or Scoti because they were like the Scythians in manners or because they were the real Scythians that came out of Scandia or Scythia to whom the Gallaeci Franks or Germans driven out of Spain and also the Goths or Vandals joined themselves when Spain was imbroil'd with a bloody war or else that medley of people that flocked into Ireland and thereupon got that name among the nations thereabouts The language says Giraldus of the Irish is called Gaidelach being as it were a compound of all other languages And Florilegus whencesoever he takes it Under the year 77. The Scots have their Original from the Picts and Irish as being made up out of several nations For that is called Scot Scot. which is amassed together out of several things Almans Agathias l. 1. Thus the Almans according to Asinius Quadratus went by that name because they arose from a medley of different men Neither can it seem strange to any one that so many nations should formerly crowd into Ireland seeing that Island lies in the center between Britain and Spain and very advantageous for the French-Sea and that in these eight hundred years last past it is most certain from History that the Norwâ—gians and the Oustmans from Germany and that the English the Welsh and the Scots out of Britain have planted and settled themselves there This is the sum of what I would desire to be considered by the Scots in this matter In the mean time let them remember I have asserted nothing but only hinted some things which may seem pertinent to this enquiry If all this gives no light into the original of the Scots they must apply themselves for it elsewhere for I am perfectly in the dark in this point and have followed the truth which has still fled from me with much labour to no purpose yet I hope nothing is said in this search that can reasonably disgust any one Wâ—en the Sâ—â—ts 〈◊〉 into Bâ—itâ—in G. Bu haâ—â—â— H. Lhuidus Concerning the time when the name of Scots was first broached in the world there is some dispute and
of the West-Saxon Princes as Eopa a name frequent amongst the Saxons was the Son of Ingilidus or Ingilsus brother of Ina and therefore probably might be in some great perhaps the chief employment under her or else married to her and therefore placed upon her Coin not as a King nor a Bishop though he hath a Cross in his hand That she was a Mercian appears by the letter M upon the reverse The sixth and seventh are of King Aethelwolf son and heir of Egbert a peaceable and devout yet very valiant Prince He first gave the tithe of his own Estate and afterwards of the whole Kingdom with the consent of the Nobility to the maintenance of the Clergy He obtained a very great and glorious victory over the Danes at Aclea now conceived to be either Ockham or very near it in Surrey He subdued also part of North-wales upon the intreaty of Burhred King of Mercia and out of great bounty and moderation resigned it to him After setling the Kingdom he had so much leisure as to go to Rome a journey mentioned with honour by Anastasius Biblioth where he sojourned in very great esteem twelve months In his return he married Juditha the beautiful daughter of Carolus Calvus after Etheluulf's death re-married to Baldwin ferreumlatus Forester and afterwards Count of Flanders At his return his undutiful if not also rebellious son Aethelbald endeavored to exclude him the Kingdom Yet notwithstanding the Nobility freely offered their assistance against Aethelbald rather than engage in a war with his own people he in wonderful moderation consented to divide the Kingdom and contented himself with the worse half The eighth Plegmund is out of its place yet not to be omitted because on the reverse is the Pallium or Archiepiscopal ornament received from the chief Pastor of the Church who thereby acknowledgeth and authorizeth such a one to the dignity of an Archbishop and from this also seems derived that which is now since even till this time the Arms of that Archbishoprick though otherwise fashioned This of Plegmund is not unlike the Pedum of the oriental Bishops The ninth 'T is uncertain for which Aethelstan this was made for there were divers one was King of Kent a very valiant and victorious Prince against the Danes whether he was the son of Egbert or Aetheluulf is not easily discovered from our authors I rather think him the second son of Egbert Another was a Danish King called Godrun overcome by King Alfred at Eddington afterwards Christened and called at his baptism Aethelstan of whom hereafter But this seems most probably to have been the son and successor of Edward Senior Regnald on the reverse seems to have been the son of Guthferth the son of Sihtric a Danish King in Northumberland An. 923 he took York Chr. Sax. Hoc anno Regnaldus rex expugnavit Eboracum which he seems to have kept till recovered by Aethelstan yea though an 924 it be said that the Scots Regnald and the son of Ladulf and all the inhabitants of Northumberland had chosen Edward Sen. to be their Lord and father that being only for fear of his arms they rebelled again presently after his death I cannot but lament the misery of this Nation in those times When v. g. in Northumberland The Danish Invaders had one King the Saxons another and who had not their limits distinguished but lived promiscuously one amongst another so that here was always certain war or uncertain peace In the time of King Edmund an 945 Regnald was baptized but as it seems relapsing he was by King Edmund driven out of his Kingdom The Building upon the reverse may perhaps signifie some repairing of the Minster and AC may also stand for Archiepiscopus It is reported by divers of our Historians that Ethelstan in his march towards the North seeing a great number of people going upon the way demanded whither they went and being answered that they went to visit the Shrine of St. John of Beverly who wrought many miracles he resolved to go thither also and after having paid his devotions vowed that if St. John would pray to God for victory against his enemies he would redeem his knife which he there presented and left with somewhat of value which he did at his return with victory And I have been informed that about 1660 the people going to repair something in that Church of Beverley light accidentally upon the Coffin of St. John which opening they sound the dried body of the Saint and an old fashioned Knife and Sheath The tenth and eleventh are of the valiant devout and bountiful third son of King Aetheluulf He fought many and sore battles against the Danes most-what successfully At Ashdown near Lamborn in Barkshire was a most terrible fight against the whole body of the Danish forces divided into two wings one under two of their Kings the other led by their Earls King Aethered divided his army likewise into two bodies the one commanded by his brother Aelfred the other by himself Aelfred was ordered to sustain their charge whilst King Aethered heard publick Prayers and though word was brought him that the battle was begun and his brother fiercely charged yet would he not rise from his Prayers till all was ended and then after a most terrible battle he obtained an entire and glorious victory wherein were slain one of their Kings and most part of their Earls and chief Commanders In another battle this most worthy valiant and benign Prince was mortally wounded and died at Winborn in Dorsetshire In the eleventh his name is Aethered as it is also in the Testament of King Aelfred the letters of the former reverse I cannot interpret in the latter Osgut moneta The other letters I understand not From the twelfth to the nineteenth are of the great Aelfred The reverse of all or most of them seem to be Noblemen and Governors The reverse of the twelfth seems to be in honour of St. Cuthbert one of the first greatest and most famous of our English Saints His life is written both in prose and verse by Venerable Bede who was born some time before Cuthbert died so that his story was then fresh in memory When King Aelfred was in his lowest estate absconding in Athelney St. Cuthbert appeared to him and to his wife's mother declaring to them that Almighty God was reconciled to him and pardoned his offences the chiefest whereof were the neglect of his duty and too much addiction to hunting in his youth as St. Neot warned him and would suddenly give him a signal victory over his enemies which happened at Edington in Wiltshire and would restore him to his Kingdom The King in gratitude gave to the service of God in St. Cuthbert's Church the Province called now the Bishoprick of Durham and put his name upon his Coin as he did likewise that of Uulfred Count or chief governor of Hamshire upon the thirteenth Of the fourteenth I understand neither side The reverse seems to
Litanies of the Church there was afterwards inserted From the fury of the Danes Good Lord deliver us They brought the French to such extremities that Carolus Calvus was forc'd to buy a truce of Hasting the commander of the Norman Pirates with the Earldom of Chartres and Carolus Crassus gave Godfrid the Norman part of Neustria with his daughter At last by force of arms they fix'd near the mouth of the Seine in those parts which formerly by a corruption had been call'd Neustria Neustria as being part of Westrasia for so the middle-age writers term it the Germans stil'd it Westenriich i.e. the Western kingdom it contains all between the Loyre and the Seine to the sea-ward They afterwards call'd it Normannia i.e. the Country of the Northern men so soon as Carolus Simplex had made a grant of it in Fee to their Prince Rollo whose Godfather he was and had given him his daughter to wife When Rollo as we are inform'd by an old Manuscript belonging to the Monastery of Angiers had Normandy made over to him by Carolus Stultus with his daughter Gisla he would not submit to kiss Charles's foot And when his friends urg'd him by all means to kiss the King's foot in gratitude for so great a favour he made answer in the English tongue NE SE BY GOD that is No by God Upon which the King and his Courtiers deriding him and corruptly repeating his answer call'd him Bigod Bigod from whence the Normans are to this day term'd Bigodi For the same reason 't is possible the French call hypocrites and your superstitious sort of men Bigods This Rollo who at his Baptism was named Robert is by some thought to have turn'd Christian out of design only but by others not without deliberation and piety These latter add that he was mov'd to it by God in a Dream which tho' Dreams are a thing I do not give much heed to I hope I may relate without the imputation of vanity as I find it attested by the writers of that age The story goes that as he was a sleep in the ship he saw himself deeply infâ—cted with the leprosie but washing in a clear spring at the bottom of a high hill he recover'd and afterwards went up to the hilâ—'s top This he told a Christian captive in the same ship who gave him the following interpretation of it That the Leprâ—sie was the abominable worship of Idols with which he was defiâ—'d the Spring was the holy laver of regeneration wherewith being once cleans'd he might climb the mountain that is attain to great honour and heaven it self Dukes of No mandy This Rollo had a son call'd William but sirnam'd Longa Spata from a long sword he us'd to wear William's son was Richard the first of that name who was succeeded by his son and grand-child both Richards But Richard the third dying without issue his brother Robert came to the Dukedom and had a son by his concubine nam'd William who is commonly called the Conqueror and Bastard All these were Princes very eminent for their atchievements both at home and abroad Whilst William come to man's estate was Duke of Normandy Edward the Holy sirnam'd Confessâ—r King of England and last of the Saxon Line to the great grief of his subjects departed this life He was son of Emma a Cousin of William's as being daughter to Richard the first Duke of Normandy and whilst he liv'd under banishment in Normandy had made William a promise of the next reversion of the Crown of England But Harold the son of Godwin and Steward of the Houshold under Edward got possession of the Crown upon which his brother Tosto on one hand and the Normans Normans on the other lay out their utmost endeavours to dethrone him After he had slain his brother Tosto and Harald King of Norwey whom Tosto had drawn in to his assistance in a set-battle near Stamford-bridge in Yorkshire and so tho' not without great damage had gain'd the victory within less than nine days William sirnam'd Bastard Duke of Normandy building upon the promises of Edward lately deceas'd as also upon his adoption and relation to Edward rais'd a powerful army and landed in England in Sussex Harold presently advanc'd towards him tho' his soldiers were harrass'd and his army very much weaken'd by the late fight Not far from Hastings they engag'd where Harold putting himself forward into the heat of the battle and showing great courage lost his life Abundance of the English were slain tho' it would be almost impossible to find out the exact number William after he had won the day march'd through Walingford with a barbarous army towards London where he was receiv'd and inaugurated Charter of William the Conqueror The kingdom as himself expresses it being by divine Providence design'd for him and granted by the favour of his Lord and Cousin the glorious King Edward And a little after he adds That the bounteous King Edward had by adoption made him heir to the Crown of England Tho' if the history of S. Stephen of Caen may be credited these were the last words he spoke upon his death-bed History of St. Stephen's Monastery at Caen in Normandy The Regal Diadem which none of my Predecessors wore I gain'd not by any hereditary title but by the favour of Almighty God And a little after I name no heir to the crown of England but commend it wholly to the eternal Creator whose I am and in whose hands are all things 'T was not an hereditary right that put me in possession of this honour but by a desperate engagement and much blood-shed I wrested it from that perjur'd King Harold and having slain or put to flight all his abettors made my self Master of it But why am I thus short upon so considerable a revolution of the British State If you can but have the patience to read it take what I drew up 't is possible with little accuracy or thought but however with the exactness of an history when raw and young very unfit for such an undertaking I had a design to write the history of our nation in Latin The Norman Conquest EDward the Confessor's dying without issue put the Nobility and Commonalty into a great distraction about naming the new King Edgar commonly called Aetheling Edmund Ironside's * * Abnâ—pos ex fâ—â—io great great grandchild by his son was the only person left of the Saxon Line and as such had an hereditary title to the Crown But his tender years were thought altogether uncapable of government and besides his temper had in it a mixture of foreign humours as being born in Hungary the son of Agatha daughter to the Emperor Henry the third who was at too great a distance to bear out the young boy either with assistance or advice Upon these accounts he was not much respected by the English who valu'd themselves upon nothing more than to have a
of the Sheriff's Court issuing out of all pleas as an Earl ought to receive from his County in all things And this is the most ancient Creation-Charter I ever saw Likewise Hen. II. King of England created an Earl in these words Know ye that we have made Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk namely of the third penny of Norwie and Norfolk so that no Earl in England shall hold his County more freely Which an ancient Book belonging to Battle-Abbey explains thus It was an ancient custom through all England that the Earls of Counties should have the third penny for their own use from whence they were call'd Comites Earls And another anonymous Author delivers it more distinctly Comitatus is call'd from Comes or else this from the former Now he is Comes an Earl because he enjoys in every County the third part of the profits arising from the Pleas. But yet all Earls do not enjoy them but such only who have them granted by the King hereditarily or personally So that Polidore Virgil as to the custom of the present age delivers this matter right It is a custom in England that titles from Counties shall be disposed of at the pleasure of the Prince even without the possession of such places from whence they derive their title Upon which account the King usually gives to such as have no possessions in the County in lieu of that a certain annual pension out of the Exchequer They were formerly created without any farther ceremony than the bare delivery of the Charter Under Stephen who seiz'd the Crown whilst the Kingdom was embroiled with civil wars there were several who seized the title of Earl whom the History of the Church of Waverly calls * Psâ—udocomites false Earls and imaginary Earls where it tells us how Henry 2. ejected them But King John as far as my observation has carried me was the first that used the girding with a sword Girding with a sword For Roger of Hoveden writes thus King John on his Coronation-day girt William Marshall with the sword of the County of †Penbrochia in other writers Strigulia and Geffry the son of Peter with that of the County of Essex and those tho' they were before that called Earls and had the government of their Counties were not yet girt with the sword of the County but that very day they served at the King's table with their swords on In the following age there was an additional ceremony of putting on a cap with a golden circle which is now changed into a Coronet with rays and a * Trabea honoraria Robe of State Which three namely a sword and a belt a cap with a Coronet and a Robe of State are at this day carried by so many several Earls before him who is to be created and then he is introduced to the King set upon his Throne between two Earls in Robes of State and himself in a †Superâ—unica Surcoat where kneeling up on his knees whilst the Instrument of his Creation is read at these words The same T. we advance create honour prefer to and constitute Earl of S. and accordingly give grant and by the girding of a sword really invest in him the name title state honour authority and dignity of Earl of S. the King puts on him the long robe hangs a sword at his neck puts a Cap with a Coronet upon his head and delivers into his hand the Instrument of his Creation so soon as 't is read But these things do not properly belong to my design But as to a custom now in use that whoever is to be created Earl if he be not a Baron before must first be advanced to the dignity of a Baron it is a new upstart thing and only practised since King Henry the 8th's days Now amongst the Earls or Counts those were by much the most honourable who were called h Of the nature and authority of these Counts Palatine see the additions to Cheshire Counts Palatine Counts Palatine For as the Title of Palatine was a name common to all who had any office in the King's Palace P. Pithaeus so that of Count Palatine was a title of honour conferr'd upon such who were before Palatini with the addition of a Royal authority to judge in their own territory 3 As for the Earl Marshal of England King Richard 2. gave that title first to Thomas Mowbray Earl of Nottingham whereas before they were simply stil'd Marshals of England Pithaeus and after the banishment of Mowbray he granted it to T. Holland Duke of Surrey substituted Earl Marshaâ—â—n his place that he should carry a rod of gold enamelled black at both ends whenas before they used one of wood Hol. After the Earls the VICOUNTS Vicounts follow next in order called in Latin Vice-comites This as to the office is an antient title but as to the dignity but modern for it was never heard of amongst us before Henry the sixth's time 4 Who conferred that title upon J. Lord Beaumont Hol. Amongst the Greater Nobility the BARONS Barons have the next place And here tho' I am not ignorant what the learned write concerning the signification of this word in Cicero yet I am willing to close with the opinion of Isidore and an antient Grammarian who will have Barons to be mercenary Soldiers This that known place of Hirtius in The Alexandrian war seems to make pretty evident It is thus They run to the assistance of Cassius for he always used to have Barons and a good number of Soldiers for sudden occasions with their weapons ready about him Nor is the old Latin and Greek Glossary against us which translates Baro by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a man as always in the Laws of the Longobards Baro is used for a man But the etymologies of the name which some have hammered out do not by any means please me The French Heraulds will have Barons to be from Par-hommes in the French that is of equal dignity the English Lawyers as much as to say robora belli the sinews of war some Germans think it is as much as Banner-heirs i.e. Standard-bearers and Isidore to be from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i.e. grave or weighty In hâ—â— Pâ—â—rgâ— Alciatus thinks the name comes from the Berones an antient nation of Spain which he says were formerly stipendiaries but that from the German Bar i.e. a free man pleases me better See Gâ—â—stus pâ—â— The precise time when this name came into our Island I have not discovered the Britains disown it there is not the least mention made of it in the Saxon Laws nor is it reckoned in Alfrick's Saxon Glossary amongst the titles of honour for there Dominus is turned Laford which we have contracted into Lord. Lords And among the Danes the free Lords such as those Barons are at this day were called Thanes and as Andreas Velleius witnesses are still so termed
more fees to give away For nothing could be more effectual to excite brave men and lay an obligation upon their best and most deserving Subjects such as were nobly descended and men of great estates than as an istance of their good will and favour to bestow the honourable title of Knights upon them which before was always a name of great dignity For when the Prince conferr'd advisedly upon merit it was thought a great reward and favour and look'd upon as a badge of honour Those that were thus Knighted esteem'd this as the price of Virtue as an encomium upon their family a memorial of their race and the glory of their name So that it is said by our Lawyers Miles a name of dignity that Miles is a name of dignity and not Baro. For a Baron in ancient times if he was not a Knight was written barely by his Christian name and the proper name of his family without any addition unless of Dominus which is likewise applicâ—ble to Knights But the name Knight seems to have been an additional title of honour in the greatest dignities seeing Kings Dukes Marquesses Earls and Barons were ambitious both of the name and dignity And here I cannot but insert what Matth. Florilegus writes concerning the creation of Knights in Edward the first 's time For the sake of his expedition into Scotland the King publish'd a Proclamation lately throughout England to the end that whoever were by hereditary succession to be Knights and had wherewithall to support that dignity should be present in Westminster at the feast of Whitsontide there to receive all Knightly accoutrements save Equipage or Horse-furniture out of the King's Wardrobe Accordingly there assembled thither 300 young Gentlemen the sons of Earls Barons and Knights and had purple liveries silk-scarves and robes richly embroided with gold bestow'd upon them according to their several qualities And because the King's Palace though very large was too little to receive this concourse they cut down the apple-trees about the †Novum Tempium new Temple in London ras'd the walls and set up Pavilions and tents wherein these young Gentlemen might dress themselves in garments embroider'd with gold and all that night as many of them as the Temple would hold watch'd and pray'd in it But the Prince of Wales by his father's order with the chief of them watch'd in the Church of Westminster And so great was the sound of trumpets minstrels and acclamations of joy there that the chaunting of the Convent could not be heard from one side of the Quire to the other The day following the King knighted his Son in his palace and gave him the Dukedom of Aquitain The Prince therefore being thus knighted went to the Church of Westminster that he might likewise confer the same honour upon them And such was the press and throng about the high Altar that two Knights were kill'd and many fainted though every Knight had at least three or four Soldiers to conduct and defend them The Prince himself the throng was so great was forc'd to knight them upon the high altar having made his way thither * Per dextrarios bellicosos by his war-horses At present he that is knighted kneels down and in that posture is lightly struck upon the Shoulder with a naked sword by the Prince saying thus in French Sois Chevalier au nom de Dieu i.e. Be thou a Knight in the name of God and then he adds avancez Chevalier i.e. Rise up Sir Knight What relates farther to this order how famous how glorious and how brave a reward this dignity was look'd upon by men of honour among our Forefathers with what exactness they practis'd fidelity and plain-dealing when it was sufficient surety if they promis'd as Knights or upon their Honour lastly how far they were above the sordid humour of scraping and how they contributed upon the account of their fees when the King 's eldest son was honour'd with this dignity these things I leave to other Writers Degradations of Knights As also when they had committed any crime that was capital how they were strip'd of their ornaments had their military belt took from them were depriv'd of their sword had their spurs cut off with a hatchet their glove took away †Clypâ—o gentilitio in verso and their arms inverted just as it is in degrading those who have listed themselves in the Spiritual warefare the Ecclesiastical ornaments the book chalice and such like are taken from them I leave it likewise to be consider'd by them whether these Knights have been by some rightly term'd Knights Bacchallers and whether Bacchallers were not a middle order between Knights and Esquires For some Records run Nomina Militum Baccalaureorum Valectorum Comitis Glocestriae In dâ—â— so Pat. 51. H. 3. Hence some will have Bachallers to be so call'd quasi Bas Chevaliers though others derive the same from Battailer a French word which signifies to fight Let them farther examine whether these dignities which formerly when very rare were so mighty glorious and the establish'd rewards of virtue became not vile as they grew common and prostitute to every one that had the vanity to desire them Aemilius Probus formerly complain'd of the same thing in a like case among the Romans Next in order to these Knights were the Armigeri Eâ—â— 2. Esquires call'd also Scutiferi Homines ad arma and among the Goths Schilpor from bearing the Shield as heretofore Scutarii among the Romans Who had that name either from their coats of Arms which they bore as badges of their nobility or because they really carry'd the armour of the Princes and great men For every Knight was serv'd by two of these formerly they carry'd his helmet and buckler and as his inseparable companions adher'd to him For they held lands of the Knight their Lord in Escuage as he did of the King by Knights-service Esquires are at this day of five sorts for those I but now treated of are at present out of use The chief are they who are chosen to attend the King's person Next them are the eldest sons of Knights and their eldest sons likewise successively In the third place are counted the eldest sons of the youngest sons of Barons and others of greater quality and when such heir-male fails the title dies likewise The fourth in order are those to whom the King himself together with a title gives arms or makes Esquires adorning them with a collar of S. S. of a white silver colour and a pair of silver spurs whence at this day in the west parts of the Kingdom they are call'd White-spurs to distinguish them from Knights or Equites Aurati who have spurs of gold of these the eldest sons only can bear the title In the fifth place are to be reputed and look'd upon as Esquires all such as are in any great office in the Government or serve the King in any honourable station But
of the Pipe the Comptroler of the Pipe the five Auditors of the old Revenues the Foreign Opposer Clerk of the Estreats Clerk of the Pleas the Marshal the Clerk of the Summons the Deputy-Chamberlains two Secondaries in the office of the King's Remembrancer two Deputies in the office of the Treasurer's Remembrancer two Secondaries of the Pipe four the other Clerks in several Offices c. In the other part of the Exchequer call'd * Recepta the Receiving-Office two Chamberlains a Vice-treasurer Clerk of the Tallies Clerk of the Pells four Tellers two Joyners of the Tallies two Deputy-Chamberlains the Clerk for Tallies the Keeper of the Treasury four Pursevants ordinary two Scribes c. The Officers likewise of the Tenths and First-fruits belong to this Court. For when the Pope's authority was rejected and an Act pass'd that all Tithes and First-fruits should be paid to the King these Officers were Instituted Besides these three Royal Courts of Judicature Justices Itinerant for the speedy execution of Justice and to ease the subject of much labour and expence Henry the second sent some of these Judges and others every year into each County who were call'd Justices Itinerant or Justices in Eyre These had jurisdiction as well in Pleas of the Crown as in common causes within the Counties to which they were sent For that King as Matthew Paris says by the advice of his son and the Bishops appointed Justices over six parts of the Kingdom to every part three who took an oath to do every man right and justice This institution expir'd at length in Edward the third's time but was in some measure reviv'd by an Act of Parliament soon after For the Counties being divided into so many Circuits two of the King's Justices are to go those Circuits twice every year for the trial of prisoners and Gaol-delivery Hence in Law-latin they are call'd Justiciarii Gaolae deliberandae They are likewise to take cognizance of all Assizes of novel disseisin and some others from which they are call'd Justices of Assize and also to try all issues between party and party in any of the King 's three great Courts by Recognitors of the same Peerage as the custom is Hence they are call'd Justices of Nisi prius from the Writs directed to the Sheriff for these tryals which have the words Nisi prius in them The b This Court is since Mr. Camden's time taken away Star-Chamber The Star-Chamber or rather the Court of the King's Council takes cognizance of all matters criminal perjuries Impostures Cheats Excesses c. This Court if we consider it in respect of standing and dignity is ancient and honourable above all others For it seems to be as early as Appeals from the Subjects to their Sovereign and the very birth and rise of the King's Council The Judges of it are men of the greatest honour and eminence being those of the King 's Privy Council It has had the name of the Star-Chamber ever since this Court was held in the Star-Chamber in Westminster which has now been a long time set a part to that use For in an Act of Parliament in Edward the third's time we find Conseil en le Chambre des Estoielles pres de la receipte al Westminster i.e. The Council in the Star-Chamber near the Receipt at Westminster The authority and jurisdiction of this Court was enlarg'd and confirm'd by an Act of Parliament procur'd by that wise Prince Henry the 7th so that some have falsly ascribed the institution of it to him The Judges of this Court are the Lord Chancellor of England the Lord Treasurer of England the Lord President of the King's Council the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal and all those of the King's Council whether persons spiritual or temporal also sâ—n of the Barons of the Realm as the King will â—ppoint with the two Chief Justices or two othâ—â— Judges in their absence The Officers are tâ—â— Clerk of the Council the Clerk of the Writs and â—f the process in the Star-Chamber c. Causes of tâ—â—s Court are not try'd per Pares according to the Common-Law but after the method of the Civil-Law Thâ—â—â—urt oâ— Wards The Court of c The Court of Wards is now taken away Wards and Liveries which is so call'd from Minors whose causes are here try'd was instituted by Henry the 8. whereas before all business of this nature was determined in the Courts of Chancery and Exchequer For by an old Custom derived from Normandy and not as some write instituted by Henry the third when any one dies holding lands of the King in capite by Knight's service both the heir and the whole estate with the revenues of it are in Ward to the King till he has compleated the age of one and twenty and then he may sue out his livery The judge in this Court is the Master-General under him a Supervisor of the Liveries an Attorney-General a Receiver-General an Auditor a Clerk of the Liveries a Clerk of the Court forty Feudaries and a Messenger In after-ages were institued two other Courts for correcting of errors the one for those of the Excheqeur the other for those of the King's Bench. The Judges of the first were the Chancellor and the Treasurer of England taking such of the Judges to their assistance as they should think fit those of the latter were the Judges of the Common Pleas and the Barons of the Exchequer The Court of Admiralty has jurisdiction in marine affairs The Court of Admiralty and is administred by the Admiral of England his * Locum-tenens Lieutenant a Judge two Clerks a Serjeant of the Court and the Vice-Admirals Now for the Courts of Equity The Court of Chancery The Chancery takes its name from the Chancellor a title of no great honour under the old Roman Emperors as may be learnt from Vopiscus At present it is a name of the greatest dignity and the Chancellors are raised to the highest honours in the State Cassiodorus derives the word it self a cancellis i.e. rails or Balisters because they examine matters †Intra sâ—creta Cancellorum Epist 6. Lib. 11. in a private apartment enclos'd with rails such as the Latins call'd Cancelli Consider says he by what name you are call'd What you do within the rails cannot be a secret your doors are transparent your cloysters lye open and your gates are all windows Hence it plainly appears that the Chancellor sat expos'd to every one 's within the rails or cancels so that his name seems to be deriv'd from them Now it being the business of that Minister who is as it were the mouth the eyes and ears of the Prince to strike or dash out with cross lines * Cancellation lattice-like such writs or judgments as are against law or prejudicial to the state not improperly call'd Cancelling some think the word Chancellor to be deduc'd from it And thus we find it in a
of the great Magistrates of this Realm the Chancellor aforesaid the Treasurer the President of the Council the Keeper of the Privy Seal the Lord Chamberlain the Lord High Constable the Lord Marshal the Steward of the King's House c. But since I hear that this is design'd by another hand I am so far from offering to forestall it that I 'll willingly without more ado even impart to the Undertaker whatever observations I have already made upon those heads A posthumous Discourse concerning the Etymologie Antiquity and Office of Earl Marshal of England By Mr. Camden SUCH is the uncertainty of Etymologies that Arguments drawn from them are of least force and therefore called by an ancient Grecian 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as proofs only which do nothing but set a good face on the matter Nevertheless when as Plato will have them admitted if there be a consonancy and correspondence between the name and the thing named we will produce three Etymologies of this word Marshall wherein the name is or hath been answerable to the Office in some part or other in signification For the word Marescallus is used for a principal officer in the court in the camp for a Ferrar and an Harbinger The Germans from whom the word was first borrowed called him Marescalk the Latins mollifying the same Marescallus the office Marescalcia The French Marescaux and we Marshall All deduced from the German Marescalk which according to the received opinion is compounded of Mare or mark which do both say they signify an Horse and Scalk which doth not signifie skilful as some will but an Officer Servant or Attendant So Godschalck is interpreted God's servant and in the old German nunc dimittas servum this word Servus is translated Scalk So that joyntly the word notifieth an officer and attendant about horses This Etymology is confirmed first ex legibus Allamannorum si quis Marescallus qui 12 equis praeest occidit 4. solidis componat Then out of Choniates who writing the life of Baldwin Emperor of Constantinople saith that this word Marescaldos noteth him whom the Grecians called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which according to the name doth signifie him which marcheth foremost before the Army To maintain this Etymology they say it may not seem strange that so high an office as it is now should be derived from horses when as all preferment in ancient time as one saith had the first rise from the Stable and such as were there brought up proved most serviceable horsemen and many other names which time hath advanced to high dignity had very mean and small originals But this Etymology lieth open to some objections as that the Marshals now have no command over the horses or stable but certain it is that in divers offices albeit the functions are altered the name remaineth And as Varro writeth Equiso among the Latins doth not only signifie Master and Ruler of the horses but also of all other things committed to his charge so accordingly it is to be supposed this word Marshal not only to signifie an Officer of Horses but also of other Civil and Military matters appropriated to his function It is said also that Mare doth not signifie an Horse in the German tongue but as in ours that which is more ignoble in that kind and that names are to be imposed à potiori And albeit it is most certain out of Pausanias that Mare signified an Horse to the old Gauls as it doth still to our Britains their descendants yet they say it is unfitting to compound one word of two different Languages But Quintilian sheweth the contrary in Epirhedium Anti-cato Biclinium Epitogium being compounded of Greek Latin and other Tongues and to this Etymology do they incline which will have the Marshal to be called in Latin Magister Equitum rather than Tribunus Militum There is also another deduction of Marshal from Maer the Latin word Major and Sala which signifieth a Kings-Court in the High-Dutch for that they were Magistri domus and principal officers for ordering the Court. There is a third derivation of this name from Marke as it signifieth a Marche bound or limit and Scalck which is Minister as we said before From Mark in this sense we have Marchio for a Lord Marcher and Mark-grave in the very same sense and therefore he relieth upon this opinion which calleth the Marshal in Latin Praetor comitatus Augustalis as being the civil Judge within the limits of the Court which we call now the Verse for that the Verge or Rod of the Marshal's authority sretcheth so far and they also which have the Marshal call'd in Latin Designator castrorum for it was incident to his office to be as it were an harbinger and to appoint limits and lodgings both in war and peace Of these Etymologies happily one may be true happily none When this word entred first into England I cannot resolve I do not find that our Saxons used it or any other name equivalent unto it unless it was Stal-here which signifieth Master of the Stable but that may seem rather answerable to the name of Constable yet Esgar who was Stal-here to King Edward the Confessor writeth himself in a donation to Waltham Regiae Procurator aulae whereas William Fitz-Osborne in the Chronicles of Normandy is called the Marshal I believe that William Tailleur the Author spake according to the time he lived in and not according to the time he wrote of Fauchet a learned-man in the French Antiquities saith the name of Marshal was first heard about the time of Lewis le Grosse who was in time equal to our King Henry the first and Stephen of England and from thence doubtless we borrowed that name as many other The first author that used the word in England was Petrus Blesensis Chancellor as he was then called but indeed Secretary to King Henry the second of England who used this word Marescallus for an Harbinger in these words complaining of them Epistolâ 14. Vidi plurimos qui Marescallis manum porrexerunt liberalem hi dum hospitium post longi fatigationem itineris cum plurimo labore quaesissent cum adhuc essent eorum epulae semicrudae aut cum jam fortè sederent in mensâ quandoque etiam cum jam dormirent in stratis Marescalli supervenientes in superbiâ abusione abscissis equorum capistris ejectisque foras sine delectu non sine jactura sarcinalis eos ab hospitiis turpitèr expellebant The first mention that I find of a Marshal in record is in the red book of the Exchequer written in the time of Henry the second which hath reference unto the time of King Henry the first Regis avus that is Henry the first fecffavit Wiganum Marescallum suum de tenementis quae de eo tenuit per servitium Marescalciae suae Rex reddidit ea Radulpho filio Wigani tanquam Marescallo suo What Marshal this was I cannot determine The second mention of
Marshal is in the first of King John and hath also a reference to the time of King Henry the first in this Charter where King John confirmeth the office of Marshal unto William Marshal Earl of Pembroke in these words Johannes Dei gratiâ c. Sciatis nos concessisse presenti nostrâ carta confirmasse dilecto fideli nostro Willielmo Marescallo Com. de Pembroco haeredibus suis Magistratum Marescalciae curiae nostrae quem Magistratum Gilbertus Marescallus Henrici Regis avi Patris nostri Joannes filius ipsius Gilberti disrationaverunt coram praedicto Rege Henrico in Curiâ suâ contra Robertum de Venoiz contra Willielmum de Hastings qui ipsum magistratum calumniabantur hoc judicio quia defecerunt se à recto ad diem quem eis constituerat praedictus Rex Henricus in Curiâ suâ sicut carta ipsius Regis quam vidimus testatur Here is to be noted out of these authentick Records there were Marshals in the time of King Henry the first answerable in time to the first Marshals of France that there were more Marshals than one and that William Marshal Earl of Pembroke had only Magistratum Marescalciae Curiae that is Marshal of the King's House which office was so long invested in that family that it gave them a sirname as also to other families which have been Marshals in great houses And lastly that it was given to William Marshall and his heirs and so it was chalenged by them as hereditary Nevertheless it is certain that the next succeeding King Henry the third took away that office from Richard Marshall the son of the said William for among the grievances of the said Richard he complained as appeareth in the History of Thomas Rudborne that the King in these terms spoliavit me officio Marescalciae quod haereditariò ad me pertinet possedi nec aliquo ad illud me restituere voluit requisitus Happily upon this ground which Rigordus the French Historian writeth in this age of the Marshalship of France Haereditaria successio in talibus officiis locum non habet And after he was dead and his brethren his five sisters and coheirs which as appeareth by the partition had every one a thousand five hundred and twenty pounds yearly rent began to contend about the office of the Marshalship and the Mannor of Hamsted-Marshal in the county of Berkshire belonging to the same but Roger Bigod son of the eldest daughter with great difficulty obtained the same For as Matthew Paris writeth 1246. Multiplicatis intercessionibus concessa est Marescalcia cum officio honore Comiti Rogero Bigod ratione Comitissae filiae Comitis magni Willielmi Marescalli primogenitae matris suae His nephew Roger Bigod Earl of Norfolk was enforced to surrender to King Edward the first this office with all his inheritance in England Ireland and Wales for certain insolencies against the King and this Roger or his Unkle Roger was he which first stiled himself as pride is highest when downfall nearest Marescallus Angliae whereas all his Predecessors used no other stiles than the simple addition of Marescallus as Gulielmus Richardus Gilbertus Marescallus Comes Pembrociae And no doubt but as the greatness of William Marshall the elder called the Great Earl which he had gotten in the minority of King Henry the third gave the first greatness to this office so there was a far greater access of dignity thereunto when King Edward the second granted to Thomas of Brotherton his half Brother a Prince of the blood the lands of Bigod and shortly after the office of Marshalship with the rights thereunto belonging and performing the service accordingly After the death of Thomas of Brotherton we find William Montacute Earl of Sarum Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick Henry Lord Piercy John Fitz-Alane Lord Matravers Thomas Holland Earl of Kent and then Thomas Mowbray right heir unto Brotherton had the office of Marshall of England with the name stile title state and honour granted unto him in the 20th year of King Richard the second de assensu Parliamenti sibi haeredibus suis masculis de corpore Yet nevertheless the next year after he being banished it was granted to Thomas Holland Duke of Surrey as amply as it was to him that he might as well bear in the presence and absence of the King a Rod of Gold enameled at both ends with the King's Arms in the upper end and his own in the lower end Afterwards according to the alteration of times sometimes to the Mowbrays and the Howards descended from them sometimes others by interruptions upon sundry occasions enjoyed the same dignity What belonged to that office anciently I have read nothing but that at a coronation of King Richard the first William Marshal Earl of Pembroke carried the Royal Scepter which had the Cross on the top and at the coronation of Queen Eleanor Wife to King Henry the third the Marshal carried a Rod before the King made way both in Church and Court and ordered the Feast as Matthew Paris writeth There is a Treatise carried about the Office of the Earl Marshall in the time of King Henry the second and another of the time of Thomas of Brotherton where I find confusedly what belonged to them in court and camp as in court that at the Coronation the Marshall should have the King's horse and harness and the Queen's palfrey that he should hold the Crown at the Coronation that he should have upon high feasts as the high Usher the tablecloths and cloth of state for that day that he keep the hall in quiet that he should bring offenders within the Verge before the high Steward that he should assign lodgings and when the King passed the sea each man to his ship that he should have for his livery three winter robes at Christmas and three summer robes at Whitsuntide that he should allow but twelve common women to follow the Court in which service I suppose he had Hamo de Gaynton his substitute which was called Marescallus meretricum by which service he held the mannor of Cateshall in the County of Surrey that he should have a Deputy in the Kings-Bench that he should keep Vagabonds from the Court. In Camp that he should lead the forward that the Constable with him should hold courts in camp that he should have certain special forfeitures as armour and weapons of Prisoners to appoint lodgings to be abroad till all be lodged to have fees of armourers and victuallers of the camp to have all the armour and whole cloth of towns taken by composition to have ransom of Prisoners escaped if they be taken again with many such like too long here to be specified and in peace and war the Marshal should execute the Constables commandments in Arrests and Attachments and that appeareth by the process between Grey and Hastings In the second statute of Westminster held 13 Ed. I. when many grievances of the
Richard Earl of Cornwall 7 This Richard began to make Ordinances for these tinn-works and afterwards c. Afterwards a Charter was granted them by Edmund Earl Richard's Brother with several immunities by whom also the Stannary-Laws were fram'd and confirm'd with his own Seal laying a certain impost upon the tinn payable to the Earls of Cornwall The Polity of the Tinners These Liberties Privileges and d They are recited in Plowden's Commentaries p. 327. Laws were afterwards confirm'd and enlarg'd by Edward 3. who divided the whole society of Tinners that were as it were one body into four parts or quarters call'd from the places Foy-more Black-more Trewarnaile and Penwith He constituted one general Warden or Overseer over all the rest 8 Called Lord Warden of the Stannaries of Stannum that is tinn who is to do justice both in causes of Law and Equity and to set over every company each their Sub-warden who should 9 Every three weeks every month within their respective jurisdiction determine controversies 10 In causes personal between tinner and tinner and between tinner and foreigner except in causes of Land Life or Member and such Sentences from the Stannum or tinn are call'd Stannary-Judgments but from these an Appeal is sometimes made to the Lord Warden himself 11 From him to the Duke from the Duke to the King In matters of moment there are by the Warden general Parliaments or several Assemblies summon'd whereunto Jurats are sent out of every Stannary whose Constitutions do bind them As for those that deal with tinn they are of four sorts the owners of the Soil the Adventurers the Merchants or Regraters and the Labourers call'd the Spadiards of their Spade who poor men are pitifully out-eaten by usurious Contracts But the Kings of England and Dukes of Cornwall in their times have reserv'd to themselves a Praeemption of tinn by the opinion of the learned in the Law as well in regard of the Propriety as being chief Lords and Proprietaries as of their Royal Prerogative And lest the tribute should not be duly paid to the prejudice of the Dukes of Cornwall who according to ancient custom for every thousand pound of tinn are to have 40 shillings it is provided that whatever tinn is made shall be carried to one of the four towns appointed for that purpose where twice every year it shall be weigh'd stamp'd 12 They call it Coynage and the impost paid and before that no man may sell it or convey it away 13 Under forfeiture of their tinn without being liable to a severe fine Nor is Tinn the only Mineral found here but there is likewise gold Cornish Diamonds silver and diamonds naturally cut into angles and polish'd some whereof are altogether as big as a walnut and only inferior to those in the East in blackness and hardness c Sea-holme Sea-holme is found in great plenty upon the coasts and all manner of grain tho' not without great industry in the husbandman is produced in such plenty that it does not only supply their own necessary uses but Spain also yearly with vast quantities of corn They make likewise a gainful trade of those little fishes they call Pylchards Pylchards which are seen upon the sea-coast as it were in great swarms from July to November these they catch garbage salt smoak barrel press and so send them in great numbers to France Spain and Italy where they are a welcome commodity Fumados perhaps Pliny's Gerres and are named Fumados Upon which Michael a Cornish-man by much the most eminent Poët of his age writing against Henry of Auranches Poet-Laureat to King Henry 3. who had play'd upon the Cornish-men as the fagg-end of the world in defence of his country has these verses which I shall here set down for your diversion Non opus est ut opes numerem quibus est opulenta Et per quas inopes sustentat non ope lenta Piscibus stano nusquam tam fertilis ora 'T were needless to recount their wondrous store Vast wealth and fair provisions for the poor In fish and tinn they know no rival shore Nor is Cornwall more happy in the soil than it's inhabitants who as they are extremely well bred and ever have been so even in those more ancient times for as Diodorus Siculus observes by conversation with merchants trading thither for tinn they became more courteous to strangers so are they lusty stout and tall their limbs are well set 〈…〉 and at wrastling not to mention that manly exercise of hurling the Ball they are so eminent that they go beyond other parts both in art and a firmness of body requir'd to it And the foremention'd Poet e Michael Blaunpinus Cornubiensis look'd upon as a most excellent Poët in his time and flourish'd in the year 1250. Bal. Cent. 4. N. 10. Wood Antiq. Oxon. pag. 85. Michael after a long harangue made upon his country-men telling us in his jingling verse how Arthur always set them in the front of the battel at last boldly concludes Quid nos deterret si firmiter in pede stemus Fraus ni nos superet nihil est quod non superemus What can e'er fright us if we stand our ground If fraud confound us not we 'll all confound And this perhaps may have given occasion to that tradition of Giants formerly inhabiting those parts For Hauvillan a Poët who liv'd four hundred years ago describing certain British Giants has these verses concerning Britain Titanibus illa 〈…〉 Sed paucis famulosa domus quibus uda ferarum Terga dabant vestes cruor haustus pocula trunci Antra Lares Dumeta thoros coenacula rupes Praeda cibes raptus Venerem spectacula caedes Imperium vires animos furor impetus arma Mortem pugna sepulchra rubus monstrisque gemebat Monticolis tellus sed eorum plurima tractus Pars erat occidui terror majórque premebat Te furor extremum Zephyri Cornubia limen Of Titan's monstrous race Only some few disturb'd that happy place Raw hides they wore for cloaths their drink was blood Rocks were their dining-rooms their prey their food Their cup some hollow trunk their be a grove Murder their sport and rapes their only love Their courage frenzy strength their sole command Their arms what fury offer'd to their hand And when at last in brutish fight they dy'd Some spatious thicket a vast grave supply'd With such vile monsters was the land opprest But most the farther regions of the West Of them thou Cornwall too wast plagu'd above the rest But whether this firmness of constitution which consists of a due temperature of heat and moisture be caused in the Danmonii by those fruitful breezes of the West-wind and their westerly situation 〈…〉 as we see in Germany the Batavi in France the Aquitani and Rutheni which lye farthest toward the West are most lusty or rather to some peculiar
honourable terms after his powder was spent having slain above 1000 of the Spaniards and sunk 4 of their greatest vessels This family hath since been honour'd with the titles of Baron of Bediford Viscount Lansdown and Earl of Bath Upon the sea-coast towards the north is Braunton â—raunton where many hundred acres of land are overflown by the sands and the place from them called Santon Tall Trees some of 30 foot in length have been digg'd up here â—art To a place not far off nam'd Mort Sir William Tracye one of the murtherers of Thomas Becket A. B. of Canterbury retir'd 23 years after the fact which refutes the vulgar Chronicles relating that all concern'd in that murder dy'd miserably within 3 years after z To the north-east from hence is Ilfarcombe â—farcombe remarkable for the lights here kept for the direction of ships but much more for Mr. Camden's being Prebendary hereof which preferment belonging to the Church of Salisbury might then be enjoy'd by Lay-men aa Farther up on the coast lies Comb-Martin â—omb-â—artin the first branch whereof is observ'd by our Author to flow from the British Kum The second is added from Martin de Tours a Norman Lord who had great possessions here in the time of Henry 1. The silver mines were first discover'd here in Edward the first 's days when 337 men were brought from the Peake in Derbyshire to work there In the reign of K. Edward 3. it yielded that King great profits towards carrying on the French war After they had been long neglected they were re-enter'd in Q. Elizabeth's time who presented a Cup here made to the then Earl of Bathe with this Inscription In Martyn's combe I long lay hid Obscure depress'd with grosser soyl Debased much with mixed lead Till Bulmer came whose skill and toyl Reformed me so pure and clean As richer no where else is seen These silver-mines are again now wrought in with great expectation bb South-east from hence is Bampton Bampton which brought forth John de Bampton in the time of K Henry 6. a Carmelite Monk and a learned man who first read Aristotle publickly in the University of Cambridge where he commenc'd Doctor and writ divers Books Continuation of the EARLS After the death of Charles Blunt An. 1606. King James in the 16th year of his reign created William Lord Cavendish of Hardwick Earl of Devonshire whose son and grandchild both Williams successively enjoy'd that dignity and his great grandson of the same name succeeded them who is now created Marquess of Hartington and Duke of Devonshire More rare Plants growing wild in Devonshire Avena nuda Ger. J.B. C. B. Park Naked Oats or Pillis This by report is sown in some places of this County as well as in Cornwall C. Alsine spuria pusilla repens follis Saxifragae aurex Small round-leaved creeping bastard chickweed This is no less frequent in this County than in Cornwall on the like watery banks Ascyrum supinum villosum palustre Marsh round-leaved S. Peter's wort On moist boggy grounds and about shallow pools of water See the Synonyma in Cornwall C. Campanula Cymbalariae foliis Ivy-leaved Bell-flower No less common in this County than in Cornwall in the like places Eryngium vulgare J. B. vulgare Camerarii C. B. mediterraneum Ger. mediterraneum sive campestre Park On the rock which you descend to the Ferrey from Plimouth over into Cornwall This plant probably groweth not wild any where in England save here near Daventry in Northamptonshire and on the shore call'd Friar-goose near Newcastle upon Tine Gramen junceum maritimum exile Plimostii Park p. 1271. Small sea Rush-grass of Plimouth Near Plimouth on the wet grounds Juncus acutus maritimus capitulis rotundis C. B. acutus maritimus alter Park Sea-rush with globular heads Found by Mr. Stephens in Braunton boroughs in this County Lichen seu muscus marinus variegatus Fungus auricularis Caesalpini J.B. Fucus maritimus Gallo-pavonis pennas referens C.B. The Turkeys feather Found by the same Mr. Stephens on the rocks near Exmouth plentifully Lamium montanum Melissae folio C. B. Melissa Fuchsii Ger. Melissophyllon Fuchsii Park Melissa adulterina quorundam amplis foliis floribus non grati odoris J.B. Baulm-leaved Archangel Bastard-Baulm In many woods in this County and particularly near Totnes This is the Plant I suppose that the Authors of Phytologia Britannica meant by Melissa Moldavica which they say grew in Mr. Champernon's wood by his house on the hill side near Totnes For Melissa Moldavica is a plant so far from growing wild with us that it continueth not long in gardens self-sown Rubia sylvestris Park sylv aspera quae sylvestris Dioscoridis C.B. sylvestris Monspessulana major J.B. nonnullis Rubia hexaphyllos Wild Madder It grows on the rocks near the bridge at Bediford and all along the hedges on both sides the way between Westly and Bediford and in many other places of this County DUROTRIGES NEXT to the Danmonii Eastward Ptolemy in his Geographical Tables has plac'd the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as he stiles them in Greek who in Latin Copies are written Durotriges The very same people whom the Britains about the year of our Lord 890. call d Dwr-Gwyr according to Asserius Menevensis my author who liv'd at that time and was a Britain by birth The Saxons call'd them Dor settan as we at this day the County of Dorset and Dorsetshire The name of Durotriges which is ancient and purely British seems very probably to be deriv'd from Dour or Dwr Dwr what which in the British tongue signifies Water and Trig which signifies an Inhabitant as if one should say Dwellers by the Water or Sea-side Nor can there be any other Etymology of those places names in ancient Gaul where formerly the same language with that of Britain was spoken that begin or end with Dur or Dour such as Durocases Durocottorum Duranius Dordonia Durolorum Doromellum Divodurum Breviodurum Batavodurum Ganodurum Octodurum and many other such as well in Gaul as Britain But the Saxon word Dor-setta is partly British Setta what partly English and of the same importance and signification as Durotriges for Settan amongst our Ancestors as well as other Germans did signifie to inhabit or dwell upon Thus we find the mountaineers call'd in their language Dun-settan those that dwell upon the Chiltern-hills Cyltern-settan and those that border upon the river Arow Arow-settan as the Germans call those who dwell among the woods Holt-satten from inhabiting the Woods Nor did the Britains lose the sense of the ancient name when they call'd the Durotriges of whom I now discourse Dwr-Gweir that is Dwellers on the sea-coast for their country for a long way about 50 miles together fronts the British Ocean and lies stretch'd out from East to West with a very oblique shore full of turnings and windings DORSETSHIRE THE County of Dorset is bounded on the North by Somersetshire and Wiltshire on the
Corn-market weekly kept here on Wednesday How long it has been a market-town does not precisely appear but in the 35 Henr. 6. William de Beauchamp Lord St. Amond bequeath'd his body to be bury'd in the Chappel of the Chantry of this place and at his death which happen'd in the same year was seiz'd among several other Lordships in Wiltshire of Cheping Lavington which according to Mr. Camden's observation in Chippenham is the same with Market-Lavington and if so it has been a market above these 200 years at least The manour belongs now to the Right honourable James Earl of Abingdon as doth also the next village call'd West-Lavington or Lavington Episcopi where his Lordship hath a very pleasant seat finely accommodated with a park gardens a grotto and several other conveniences It came to him by marriage with the late incomparable Lady Eleonora one of the daughters of Sir Henry Lee by Ann his wife to whom it descended as heiress to the Danvers's and Danteseys who had been Lords of this manour for many generations two of whom founded and liberally endow'd the Free-school and Almshouses in this town In this Parish is Littleton-Painell Lâ—ttlâ—â—â—â—-Painâ—â—â— now an obscure village tho' heretofore a market-town which privilege was obtain'd for it 12 Edward 2. by John Lord Paganel or Painel The next river the Avon receives is the Were which runs not far from Westbury Westbâ—â—â— a small Mayor-town that probably arose out of the ruines of the old Roman one about half a mile north which without doubt was once very famous as appears by the great quantities of Roman coins that have been here found If the Verlucio of Antoninus were settl'd here the distances from Aquae Solis and Cunetio better agreeing in this town than any other would justifie such a conjecture And Holinshed calls the rivulet that runs near it Were which might give name to the town seated upon it Verlucio The new name Westbury is purely Saxon and it was natural enough for them to give this name to a town which they found to be the most considerable in these western parts calling it by way of eminency Westanbyrig in the same manner as they did the great neighbouring wood known by the name of Selwood for some Copies of the Saxon Annals read it simply Westanpuda others Westan-Sele-puda k Near Westbury is a village call'd Leigh or Ley Ley. which is most probably the place where K. Alfred encamp'd the night before he set upon the Danes at Eddington For the name comes very near it it being an easie mistake for the Saxon Scribe to write Æglea for aet Lea here is also a field call'd Courtfield and a garden adjoyning encompass'd with a moat and a tradition goes that here was a palace of one of the Saxon Kings Clay-hill by the sound might bid fair enough for this Aeglea Aegâ—â— but then it would have been a piece of very ill conduct in King Aelfred to have pitcht his tent upon such a high place visible from all parts of the Country when he intended to surprize the enemy So that it is more likely he march'd along this vale which was then over-spread with woods that were a part of Selwood-forest Beside Clay-hill shows no marks of any trenches or such like and is too far from Eddington where the fight was in the fields between the town and Bratton-castle which without doubt was the fortification whither the Danes fled after their rout and held out a siege of 14 days For it is seated upon the extremity of a high hill which commands all the country being encompass'd with two deep ditches and rampires proportionable The form of it is oval in length 350 paces and almost 200 broad in the widest part Near the middle of it is a large oblong barrow 60 paces long prabably the burying-place of some of the Danish Nobility here slain Within this vast Entrenchment there have been several pieces of old Iron-armour plough'd up It hath but two entrances fortify'd with out-works the one toward the south-east opening to the plain the other toward the north-east leading directly down to Eddington l North from hence is Trubridge â—â—â—â—â—dge the Saxon name whereof our Author tells us is Truþabrig and upon that interprets it a firm or true bridge Where he met with the name I know not but 't is much more probable that the right name is Trolbridge for beside the natural melting of l into u there is a Tithing in the Liberty and Parish call'd Trol and a large Common near it of the same name Also in a Manuscript History of Britain which is a Compendium of Geffrey of Monmouth the place is written Trolbridge where 't is said to have been built by Molmutius m Next is Bradford â—â—dford a town of good note for the cloathing trade which beside the fight mentioned by Mr. Camden was famous in the Saxon times for the Monastery built here by Aldhelm and destroy'd in the Danish wars as also upon the account of a Synod probably held here A. D. 964. in which S. Dunstan was elected Bishop of Worcester n The west limit of this Shire runs by Farley-castle â—ley-â—tle which tho' in Somersetshire yet part of the Park belonging to it lyes in Wiltshire and in this part not many years ago there was dug up a Roman pavement of Chequer-work a piece whereof was given to Ashmole's Musaeum in Oxford by Mr. Aubrey o Southward from hence upon the western limit we go by Longleat â—gleat the noble seat of the honorable Thomas Thynne Lord Viscount Weymouth to Mere â—e so call'd probably from being a Mearc or Land-mark for it is near the borders of Wiltshire Somersetshire and Dorsetshire In the neighbourhood of this town and Stourton are 4 Entrenchments one of which in Stourton-park is double-ditch'd and call'd by Leland Whiteshole-hill probably the Camp of the Danes in one of the battels at Pen. â—minâ— p Upon the little river Deverill is Werminster by Camden thought to be the Verlucio of Antoninus but that opinion is not back'd with Coins or other remains of the Romans that have been discover'd there and beside we have shewn before that Westbury is a more probable place Concerning it's state in the Saxon times I think our Historians are silent only we may observe that upon the Downs on the east-side of the town there are two Camps the one call'd Battle-bury having double-works and so probably Danish the other Scratchbury a square single trench'd fortification q About 3 miles to the east is Heitsbury â—sbury where Walter Lord Hungerford Lord High Treasurer of England founded an Hospital for 12 poor men and one woman with an allowance for a Chaplain who was likewise to be Warden and to teach a Free-school But this being not fully perform'd in his life-time Margaret his son Robert Lord Hungerford's widow effected it and it remains to this day r Farther down upon the river Willey
Chichâ—â—â—â—â— but was afterwards converted to a Convent of Franciscans All that space that lies between the west and south gates is taken up with the Cathedral Church Bishop's palace and f The Dean hath now no house the Dean and Prebendaries houses which about K. Rich. 1.'s time were again burnt down and Seffrid 2d Bishop of that name re-edify'd them g Besides the Cathedral there are within the walls 5 small Churches The Church it self indeed is not great but neat and has a very high stone spire and on part of the south-side of the Church the history of it's foundation is curiously painted as also the pictures of the Kings of England on the other part are the pictures of all the Bishops as well of Selsey as of Chichester all at the charge of Bishop Robert Shirburne who beautify'd this Church very much and has his Motto set up everywhere Credite operibus and Dilexi decorem domus tuae Domine 2 Neither he only adorn'd the Lord's house but repair'd also the Bishop's houses But that great tower which stands near the west-side of the Church was built by R. Riman as 't is reported upon his being prohibited the building a Castle at Aplederham hard by where he liv'd with those very stones he had beforehand provided for the Castle 3 Near the haven of Chichester is W. Witering where as the monuments of the Church testifie Aella the first founder of the kingdom of Suth-sex arrived c Selsey before mention'd in Saxon Seals-ey Selsey that is as Bede interprets it the Isle of Sea-Calves which we in our language call Seales Seales Here 〈◊〉 the beâ—â— Cockâ—es a creature that always makes to islands and shores to bring forth it 's young 4 But now it is most famous for good Cockles and fall Lobsters stands a little lower A place as Bede says compass'd round about with the sea unless on the west-side where it has an entry into it of about †Jaâ—â—s funâ—ae a stones throw over It contain'd 87 families when Edinwalch K. of this Province gave it to Wilfrid Bishop of York being then in exile who first preach'd the Gospel here and as he writes Slaves not only sav'd from the bondage of the Devil 250 bondmen by baptism but also by giving freedom deliver'd them from slavery under man Afterwards King Cedwalla who conquer'd Edilwalch founded here a Monastery and honour'd it with an Episcopal See which by Stigand the 22d Bishop was translated to Chichester where it now flourishes and owns Cedwalla for it's Founder In this Isle there are some obscure remains of that ancient little city in which those Bishops resided cover'd at high water but plainly visible at low water Beyond Selsey the shore breaks and makes way for a river that runs down out of St. Leonard's Forest by Amberley where William Read Bishop of Chichester in the reign of Edw. 3. built a castle for his successors and then by Arundel seated on the side of a hill a place more perhaps talk'd of than it deserves d nor is it indeed very ancient for I have not so much as read it's name before K. Alfred's time who gave it in his Will to Athelm his brother's son Unless I should believe it corruptly call'd Portus Adurni by a transposition of letters for Portus Arundi The etymology of this name is neither to be fetch'd from Bevosius's Romantick horse nor from Charudum a promontory in Denmark as Goropius Becanus dream'd but from a vale lying along the River Arun in case Arun be the name of the river as some have told us who upon that account nam'd it Aruntina vallis But all it's fame is owing to the Castle which flourish'd under the Saxon Government and was as we read presently after the coming in of the Normans repair'd by Roger Montgomery thereupon stil'd Earl of Arundel For it is by it's situation contriv'd large and well strengthen'd with works But his son Robert Belesme who succeeded his brother Hugh was outlaw'd by K. Hen. 1. and lost that and all his other honours For breaking into a perfidious Rebellion against him he chose this castle for the seat of war and strongly fortify'd it but had no better success than what is generally the issue of Treason for the King's forces surrounding it at length took it Upon this Robert's outlawry and banishment the King gave the castle and the rest of his estate to Adeliza daughter of Godfrey sirnam'd â—ong â—rd Barbatus of Lovaine Duke of Lorrain and Brabant his second Queen for her Dower In whose commendation a h It seems to be Henry Huntingdon See his History l. 7. p. 218. where there is Adelida and Adelnia Seld. certain English-man wrote these verses ingenious enough for that unlearned age Anglorum Regina tuos Adeliza decores Ipsa referre parans Musa stupore riget Quid Diadema tibi pulcherrima Quid tibi Gemma Pallet Gemma tibi nec Diadema nitet Deme tibi cultus cultum natura ministrat Non * 〈◊〉 othâ—r â—pies meâ—arâ— exornari forma beata potest Ornamenta cave nec quicquam luminis inde Accipis illa micant lumine clara tuo Non puduit modicas de magnis dicere laudes Nec pudeat Dominam te precor esse meam When Adeliza's name should grace my song A sudden wonder stops the Muse's tongue Your Crown and Jewels if compar'd to you How poor your Crown how pale your Jewels show Take off your robes your rich attire remove Such pomps will load you but can ne'er improve In vain your costly ornaments are worn You they obscure while others they adorn Ah! what new lustre can those trifles give Which all their beauty from your charms receive Thus I your lofty praise your vast renown In humble strains am not asham'd t' have shown Oh! be not you asham'd my services to own She after the King's death match'd with William * â—e Alâ—io or as â—rs de â—ineto 〈◊〉 de Alâ—â—aco 〈◊〉 Dawâ— D'aubeney who taking part with Maud the Empress against King Stephen and defending this Castle against him was in recompence for his good services by the said Maud â—ngloâ— Domiâ— Lady of the English for that was the title she us'd created Earl of Arundel And her son King Henry 2. gave the same William the whole Rape of Arundel to hold of him by the service of 84 Knights fees and an half and to his son William King Richard 1. granted in some such words as these Arundel Castle Earls of Arundel and Sussex together with the whole honour of Arundel and the third penny of the Pleas out of Sussex whereof he is Earl And when after the fourth Earl of this Sirname the issue male failed See the Earls of Sussex one of the sisters and heirs of Hugh the fourth Earl was marry'd to John Fitz-Alan Lord of Clun whose great grandson Richard Chartae Antiquae 10. m. 29. upon account
a house of Knights-Templars which is now quite gone it also affords a seat to the Archbishop of Canterbury's Suffragan who Archâ—â—â—â—â—â— of Cantâ—â—bury's Sâ—fragan when the Archbishop is taken up with more weighty affairs manages such things as concern good order but does not meddle in the business of Episcopal Jurisdiction There is a large castle like a little city with strong fortifications and a great many towers which as it were threatens the sea under it from a hill or rather a rock upon the right hand that is on every side rugged and steep but towards the sea rises to a wonderful height Matthew Paris calls it The Key and barre of England The common people dream of it's being built by Julius Caesar and I conclude that it was first built by the Romans from those British bricks in the Chapel which they us'd in their larger sort of buildings When the Roman Empire began to hasten to it's end a Nâ—merus Tungricaâ—â—rum company of the Tungricans who were reckon'd among the Aids Palatine were plac'd by them here in garrison part of whose armour those great arrows seem to have been 75 Then and many years after before the invention of great Ordnance out of engines call'd Ballistae like huge Cross-bows bent by force of two or four men which they us'd to shoot out of Bâ—â—â—â—â—scis engines like large Cross-bows and which are r There is at present no such thing in the Castle now shown in the Castle as miracles Between the coming in of the Saxons and the end of their government I have not met with so much as the least mention either of this Castle or the Town unless it be in some loose papers transcrib'd from a Table hang'd up and kept here which tell us that Caesar after he had landed at Deale and had beaten the Britains at Baramdowne a plain hard by passable for horses and fit to draw up an army in began to build Dover-castle and that Arviragus afterwards fortify'd it against the Romans and shut up the harbour Next that Arthur and his men defeated here I know not what rebels However a little before the coming in of the Normans it was lookt upon as the only strength of England and upon that account William the Norman when he had an eye upon the kingdom took an oath of Harold that he should deliver into his hands this Castle with the well And And after he had settl'd matters in London he thought nothing of greater consequence than to fortifie it and to assign to his Nobles large possessions in Kent upon condition that they should be ready with a certain number of Souldiers for the defence of it but that service is now redeem'd with so much money yearly â—â—â—â—ars â—â—ng'd For when Sir Habert Hubert de Burgo was made Constable of this Castle those are the words of an ancient writer he considering that it was not for the safety of the Castle to have new Guards every month procur'd by the assent of the King and of all that held of the Castle that every Tenant for one month's Guard should send his ten shillings out of which certain persons elected and sworn as well horse as foot should receive pay for guarding the Castle It is reported that Philip sirnam'd Augustus King of France when his son Lewis was laying new designs in England and had taken some cities 77 And â—orts and could not get this being manfully defended by the said Sir Hubert de Burgh should say My son has not yet so much as foot hold in England if he have not got into his hands the Castle of Dover looking upon it to be the strongest place in England and to lye most convenient for France Upon another rock over against this and of almost an equal height there are to be seen the remains of some ancient building One author upon what grounds I know not has call'd it Caesar's Altar but John Twine of Canterbury a learned old man who when he was young saw it almost entire affirm'd to me that it was a watch-tower â—aâ—â—s to direct Sailors by night-lights c c Such another there was over against it at Bologne in France built by the Romans and a long time after repair'd by Charles the Great as Regino witnesses who writes it corruptly Phanum for Pharum now call'd by the French Tour d'Order and by the English The old man of Bullen Under this rock within the memory of our Fathers the most potent Prince King Henry 8. built a mole or pile we call it the Peere wherein ships might â—â—verâ—eâ—e 〈◊〉 Suiâ—â—â—eâ—â—â— ride with more safety It was done with great labour 78 And 63000 l. charges and at infinite charge by fastning large beams in the sea it self then binding them together with iron and heaping upon it great quantities of wood and stone But the fury and violence of the sea was quickly too hard for the contrivance of that good Prince and the frame of the work by the continual beating of the waves began to disjoint For the repair whereof Queen Elizabeth laid out great sâ—ms of money and by Act of Parliament a Custom for seven years was laid upon every English vessel that either exported or imported Commodities This sea-coast is parted from the Continent of Europe by a narrow sea where some are of opinion that it wrought it self a passage thorow Solinus calls it Fretum Gallicum or The French straits Tacitus and Ammianus Fretum Oceani and Oceanum fretalem the strait of the Ocean and the Ocean-strait Gratius the Poët terms it Freta Morinûm dubio refluentia ponto The narrow seas on Bullen-coast that keep uncertain tides the Hollanders Dehofden from the two Promontories The strait of Calais or Narrow-seas we The strait of Calleis the French Pas de Callais For this is the place as a Poët of our own time has it gemini quà janua ponti Faucibus angustis latéque frementibus undis Gallorum Anglorumque vetat concurrere terras Where the two foaming mouths of boist'rous seas Preserve a narrow but a dreadful space And Britain part from Gaul This narrow sea as Marcellinus hath truly observ'd at every tide swells out with terrible waves and again in the ebb is as plain as a field 79 If is be not rais'd with winds and counter-seas Between two risings of the moon it flows twice and ebbs as often For as the moon mounts up towards the meridian and after it's setting in the point opposite to it the sea swells here exceedingly and a vast body of waters rushes against the shore with such a hideous noise that the Poët had reason enough to say Rhutupináque littora fervent And Rhutup's shore doth boil and bellow And D. Paulinus Epist 2. ad Victricium where he speaks of the tract of the Morini which he calls the utmost bound of the world stiles this an Ocean raging with barbarous waves Give me
Order though out of the world q Hence the Medway passing by Halling Halling where Mr. Lambard the first Historiographer of this County sometime liv'd in the Bishop's house comes at length to Rochester Rochester which is so certainly the Durobrovis of Antonin that I need add no more than what our Author hath written already concerning it only that it was sack't by the Danes in the days of King Ethelred An. 839. and besieg'd by them again in An. 885. when they cast up works round it but was reliev'd by King Alfred and that all the lands of the Bishoprick were laid waste by King Ethelred An. 986. Of late years it gave an additional title to the Lord Wilmot of Adderbury in Com. Oxon. who in consideration of his great and many signal services done to the Crown at home and abroad was created Earl of Rochester by Letters Patents bearing date at Paris Dec. 13. 1652. 4 Car. 2. who dying An. 1659. was succeeded in his Honour by his only son John a person of extraordinary wit and learning He dying without issue July 26. 1680. the right honourable Lawrence Hyde second son to Edward Earl of Clarendon Viscount Hyde of Kenelworth and Baron of Wootton Basset was created Earl of Rochester Nov. 29. 1682. 34 Car. 2. r The river Medway having past Rochester-bridge which is one of the finest if not the best in England glideth on to Chatham Chatham famous for the station of the Navy-Royal which hath been so far advanc'd by the Kings Charles and James 2. beyond what it was in our Authors days with the large additions of new Docks and Storehouses wherein are many conveniencies unknown till of late and all these so well fenced with new Forts such as those at Gillingham Cockham-wood the Swomp c. that perhaps there may not be a more compleat Arsenal than this in the world To which add the Royal Fort of Shireness Shireness in the Isle of Shepey built at the mouth of this river by King Charles 2. which stands much more commodiously for the security of the River than the Castle of Queenborough ever did which was built there for that purpose by King Edward 3. but is now demolish't Of this see more at the end of the County Which is all I have to say more than our Author has done concerning this fruitful Island but that of late years the right honourable Lady Elizabeth Lady Dacres mother to Thomas Earl of Sussex was enobled with the title of Countess of Shepey during life Sept. 6. 1680. the 32 of Car. 2. since whose death in consideration of many eminent services done the Crown by the honourable Henry Sidney Esq fourth son of Robert Earl of Leicester the titles of Viscount Shepey and Baron of Milton near Sittingbourn were both conferr'd on him by his present Majesty King William 3. Apr. 9. 1689. 1 Gul. Mar. who hath also been since successively made Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Master of the Ordnance s Near this Town of Milton Milton alià s Middleton now erected into a Barony Hasting the Dane as our Author tells us built him a Castle to annoy the Town the footsteps whereof yet remain at Kemsley-downs beyond the Church This they now call being overgrown with bushes the Castle ruff whither King Alfred coming against him fortified himself on the other side the water the ditches of which fortification and some small matter of the stone-work also still remain by the name of Bavord-Castle †Aelfredi vita p. 44 45 46. secus fontes Cantianos near unto Sittingbourn t This Sittingbourn Sittingbourn was once both a Mayor and Market town now through disuse enjoying neither But the Dane never did the town of Milton so much real mischief as Godwin Earl of Kent who being in rebellion against Edward the Confessor in the year 1052. enter'd the King's Town of Middleton and burnt it to the ground ‖ Chron. Sax. An. 1052. which in all probability stood in those days near the Church near a mile from the Town that now is and was upon the rebuilding remov'd to the head of the Creek where it now stands u Eastward from hence lyes the Town of Feversham Fevershaâ— where King Stephen saith our Author founded an Abbey for the Monks of Clugny which appears to be true by his Foundation-Charter printed in the * Vol. 1. p. 683. Monasticon taking his first Abbot and Monks out of the Abbey of Bermondsey of the same order yet †Hist oâ— Cant. p. â—â— Mr. Somner and ‖ Monâ—â—tâ—con Feveâ— shamiense p. 7 8. Mr. Southouse from the absolutory Letters of Peter Abbot of Bermondsey and of the Prior and Monks of S. Mary de Caritate finding Clarembaldus the first Abbot of Feversham and his Monks releas'd from all obedience and subjection to the Church of Clugny and to the Abbot and Prior aforesaid * Monast Angl. p. 3â— are inclin'd to believe Mr. Camden mistaken and that the Abbot and Monks of Feversham pursuant to their absolution presently took upon them the rule and habit of S. Bennet notwithstanding it is clear they were still esteem'd of the order of Clugny for several years after as farther appears by the Confirmation-Charters of King Henry 2. King John and Henry 3. all printed in the †Ibid. p. 687 688 689. Monasticon and by the Bulls of Pope Innocent 3. Gregory 10. and Boniface 9. all in a ‖ MS. imâ— Munimerâ— Eccles Christi Cantuar. MS. book in Christ-Church Canterbury So that I guess the mistake must rather lye on Mr. Somner's and Mr. Southouse's side than our Author's the absolutory Letters in all probability tending only to their absolution from those particular Houses making any claim upon them and not from the order it self though it cannot be deny'd * Monaâ—â— Angl. 〈◊〉 p. 417. but that the Abbot and Monks of Reading were at first Cluniacs and after became Benedictines as perhaps these might do some years after their first foundation And thus much for the Ecclesiastical state of this Town As for Secular matters it has been lately honour'd by giving title to Sir George Sands of Lees Court in this County Knight of the Bath who in consideration of his faithful services to King Charles 1. was by King Charles 2. advanced to the degree and dignity of a Baron of this Realm by the title of Baron of Throwley as also of Viscount Sands of Lees Court and Earl of Feversham by Letters Patents bearing date at Westminster April 8. 28 Car. 2. which he was only to enjoy for term of life with remainder to Lewis Lord Duras Marquess of Blanquefort in France and Baron of Holdenby in England who marrying the Lady Mary eldest daughter of the said George Earl of Feversham who dyed Apr. 16. 1677. the said Lord Duras being naturalized by Act of Parliament An. 1665. succeeded his Father-in-law in all his titles and
another small river that runs into it from the East â—â—â—kesbuâ—â—â— between which is seated Tewkesbury in the Saxon tongue Theocsbury by others nam'd Theoci Curia so call'd from Theocus that there led the life of an hermit a large and fair town having 3 bridges over 3 rivers leading to it famous for the making of woollen cloth â—â—â—tâ—rd and smart biting Mustard but formerly most noted for an ancient Monastery g founded by Odo and Dodo two brothers in the year of our Lord 715 where their palace formerly stood as they shew us by the following inscription HANC AULAM REGIA DODO DUX CONSECRARI FECIT IN ECCLESIAM Which being almost ruin'd by age and the fury of Wars was repair'd by Robert Fitz-hamon Fitz-hamon a Norman 4 Lord of Corboile and Thorigny in Normandy translating Monks from Cranborn in Dorsetshire hither piously designing to make what satisfaction he was able for the loss the Church of Bajeux in Normandy sustain'd which Henry 1. consumed with fire to free him from prison but afterwards repenting of the fact rebuilt it It cannot saith William of Malmesbury be easily conceiv'd how much Robert Fitz-hamon adorned and beautified this Monastery where the stateliness of the buildings ravish'd the eyes and the pious charity of the Monks the affections of all persons that came thither In this Monastery he and his successors Earls of Glocester were interr'd who had a castle hard by call'd Holmes that is now ruin'd Neither was it less famous for the bloody overthrow that the Lancastrians received in this place in the year 1471 in which battel many of them were slain more taken and beheaded their power so weaken'd and their hopes so defeated by the death of Edward the only son of K. Hen. 6. and he very young whose brains were barbarously beaten out here that they were never afterwards able to make any head against King Edw. 4. Whence J. Leland writes thus of this town Ampla foro partis spoliis praeclara Theoci Curia Sabrinae qua se committit Avona Fulget nobilium sacrisque recondit in antris Multorum cineres quondam inclyta corpora bello Where Avon's friendly streams with Severn joyn Great Tewkesbury's walls renown'd for trophies shine And keep the sad remains with pious care Of noble souls the honour of the war From hence we go down the stream to Deorhirst Deorhirst which is mentioned by Bede it lyeth very low upon the Severn whereby it sustaineth great damages when the river overfloweth It had formerly a small Monastery which was ruined by the Danes but reflourished under Edward the Confessor who as we read in his Will assigned it with the government thereof to the Monastery of St. Denis near Paris But a little after as Malmesbury saith it was only an empty monument of antiquity h Over-against this in the middle of the river lies a place call'd Oleneag and Alney by the Saxons now the Eight i.e. an Island Famous upon this account that when the English and Danes had much weaken'd themselves by frequent encounters to shorten the War it was agreed that the fate of both nations should be determin'd by the valour of Edmund King of the English and Canutus King of the Danes in a single combat who after a long doubtful fight agreed upon a peace and the Kingdom was divided between them but Edmund being quickly taken out of the world not without suspicion of poyson the Dane seised upon the whole i From Deorhirst the river Severn 5 Runneth down by Haesfield which K. Hen. 3. gave to Richard Pauncefote whose successors built a fair house here and whose predecessors were possessed of fair lands in this country before and in the Conqueror's time in Wiltshire after various windings and turnings parts it self to make the Isle of Alney rich and beautiful in fruitful green meadows and then hastens to the chief city of the county which Antoninus calls Clevum or Glevum the Britains Caer Gloui the Saxons Gleaucester we Glocester Glocester the vulgar Latins Glovernia others Claudiocestria from the Emperour Claudius who as is reported gave it that name when he here married his daughter Genissa to Arviragus the British King whom Juvenal mentions Regem aliquem capies vel de temone Britanno Excidet Arviragus Some captive King thee his new Lord shall own Or from his British chariot headlong thrown The proud Arviragus comes tumbling down as if Claudius his three wives brought him any daughters besides Claudia Antonia and Octavia or as if Arviragus was known in that age when his name was scarce heard of in Domitian's reign But leaving those that make their own conjectures pass for the records of venerable antiquity I should rather adhere to Ninnius his opinion who derives this name from Glouus the great grand-father of King Vortigern only I find Glevum mention'd long before by Antoninus which the distance from Corinium with its name confirm to be the same But as the Saxon name Gleauecester came from Glevum so Glevum by analogy came from the British name Caer Glowi and that I believe from the British word Glow which in their language signifies fair and splendid so that Caer Glow is the same as a fair City Upon the same account among the Greeks arose the names of Callipolis Callidromos and Callistratia and amongst the English Brightstow †And Shirley and in this County Fair-ford 6 Fairley c. This City was built by the Romans on purpose to be a curb to the Silures and a Colony placed there call'd Colonia Glevum for a The Inscription is still to be read at Bath I have seen the remains of an ancient stone in the walls of Bath near the North-gate with the following Inscription * decurio DEC COLONIAE GLEV VIXIT ANN. LXXXVI This City lyes extended upon Severne and on that side where it is not wash'd with the river is secured in some places with a strong wall being beautify'd with many fair Churches and handsome well-built Streets On the south part was once a Castle built of square stone but now almost quite ruin'd it was first raised in the time of William the Conqueror and 16 houses were demolished in that place as Doomsday book mentions it to make room for this edifice About which as Roger de Monte writes Roger the son of Myles Constable of Glocester commenced his action at Law against King Henry 2. and also Walter his brother lost the right he had both to the City and Castle Ceaulin King of the West-Saxons first took this City by force of arms from the Britains in the year 570. then it came under the Jurisdiction of the Mercians under whom it long flourished in great repute here Osrick King of the Northumbrians by the permission of Ethelred King of the Mercians founded a great and stately Monastery for Nuns over which Kineburga Eadburga and Eva all Mercian Queens successively presided Edelfieda likewise that famous Lady
expresly says that the Founders did therein instituere Canonicos seculares who were of the Order of S. Augustine Roger de Iveri is there mention'd as a Co-Founder a Parish-Church dedicated to St. George to which the Parishioners not having free access when the Empress Maud was closely besieg'd in this castle by King Stephen the Chapel of St. Thomas Å¿ Westward from the Castle hard by was built for that purpose He is supposed likewise to have beautified the city with new walls which are now by age sensibly impair'd Robert his Nephew son of his brother Nigel Chamberlain to King Hen. 1. t Who design'd thereby to expiate the sins of her former unchaste life and to prevail with her husband told him a story of the chattering of birds and the interpretation of a Frier which legendary tale Leland tells us was painted near her Tomb in that Abbey by persuasion of his wife Edith daughter of Furn who had been the last Concubine of that Prince in the island meadows nigh the castle built Oseny Oseney Abby which the ruins of the walls still shew to have been very large At the same time as we read in the Register of the said Abbey of Oseney Robert Pulein began to read the holy scriptures at Oxford which were before grown almost out of use in England which person after he had much profited the English and French Churches by his good doctrine was invited to Rome by Pope Lucius 2. and promoted to the dignity of Chancellour of that See To the same purpose John Rous of Warwick writes thus By the care of Keng Henry the first the Lecture of Divinity which had been long intermitted began again to flourish and this Prince built there a new Palace which was afterward converted by King Edward 2. into a Convent for Carmelite Friers But u Richard Ceur de Lion third son of Henry and Queen Eleanor his wife was born on the Feast of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary An. 1157. 4 Hen. 1. in the King's Palace of Beaumont in a Chamber upon the ground whereof the Carmelites when this house was given them by King Edw. 2. built a Belfrey and Tower of which they us'd to boast as the place of Nativity to this Martial Prince long before this conversion was born in that Palace the truly Lion-hearted Prince King Richard 1. commonly call'd Ceur de Lion Richard ceur de Lyon a Monarch of a great and elevated Soul born for the glory of England and protection of the Christian world and for the terror and confusion of Pagans and Infidels Upon whose death a Poet of that age has these tolerable verses Viscera Carleolum corpus Fons servat Ebrardi Et cor Rothomagum magne Richarde tuum In tria dividitur unus qui plus fuit uno Nec superest uno gloria tanta viro Hic Richarde jaces sed mors si cederet armis Victa timore tui cederet ipsa tuis Great Richard's body's at Fontevrault shown His bowels at Carlisle his head at Roan He now makes three because too great for one Richard lyes dead but death had fear'd his power Could this proud Tyrant own a Conquerour The City being thus adorn'd with beautiful buildings many Students began to flock hither as to the common Mart of civility and good letters So that learning here quickly reviv'd chiefly through the care of the foresaid Robert Pulein a man born to promote the interest of the learned world who spar'd no trouble and pains to cleanse and open the fountains of the Muses which had been so miserably dried and damm'd up under the favour and protection of King Henry 1. King Henry 2. and Richard his son whom I mention'd just before And he met with such fortunate success in his endeavours that in the reign of King John there were three thousand Students in this place who went away altogether some to Reading and some to Cambridge w As also to Maidstone Salisbury and other places when they could no longer bear the x Which happen'd An. 1209. the 10th of King John upon a Clerk in Oxford accidentally killing a woman and complaint being made to the King then at Woodstock he commanded two of the Scholars who upon suspicion of that fact had been imprison'd by the Towns-men to be immediately hang'd without the City walls This so much offended and frighted the poor Scholars that they all deserted the Town But the Inhabitants being soon sensible of the desolation and poverty they had brought upon themselves did upon their knees deprecate the fault at Westminster before Nicholas the Pope's Legate and submitted to a publick Penance Upon which the dispersed Scholars after five years absence return'd to Oxford An. 1214. and obtain'd some new Privileges for their more effectual protections abuses of the rude and insolent Citizens but when these tumults were appeas'd they soon after return'd Then and in the following times as Divine Providence seem'd to set apart this City for a seat of the Muses so did the same Providence raise up a great number of excellent Princes and Prelates who exercis'd their piety and bounty in this place for the promoting and encouraging of Arts and all good Literature And when King Henry 3. came hither and visited the shrine of S. Frideswide which was before thought a dangerous crime in any Prince and so took away that superstitious scruple which had before hindred several Kings from entring within the walls of Oxford He here conven'd a Parliament to adjust the differences between him and the Barons and at that time confirm'd the privileges granted to the University by his Predecessors and added some new acts of grace and favour After which the number of learned men so far encreas'd as to afford a constant supply of persons qualified by divine and humane knowledge for the discharge of offices in Church and State So that Matthew Paris expresly calls Oxford The second School of the Church after Paris nay the very foundation of the Church r. For the Popes of Rome had before honour'd this place with the title of an University which at that time in their decretals they allow'd only to Paris Oxford Bononia and Salamanca And in the Council of Vienna it was determin'd That Schools for the Hebrew Arabic and Chaldaic tongues should be erected in the Studies of Paris Oxford Bononia and Salamanca as the most eminent that the knowledge of those Languages might be hereby propagated and encourag'd and that out of men of the Catholick Communion furnisht with sufficient abilities two should be chosen for the profession of each Tongue For the maintenance of which Professors in Oxford all the Prelates in England Scotland Ireland and Wales and all Monasteries Chapters Convents Colleges exempt and not exempt and all Rectors of Parish-Churches should make a yearly contribution In which words one may easily observe that Oxford was the chief School in England Scotland Wales and Ireland and that
the Clergy and Laity residing upon any of the lands appertaining to this Monastery so that the Abbot hereof is not subject to any Archbishop Bishop or any Legate whatsoever but to the Pope alone This also deserves our Observation that when that great Prince Offa made a gift to the Pope of the Peter-pence commonly called Romescot out of his Kingdom he obtained of the Pope this particular privilege for the Church of St. Alban the Protomartyr of England that that Church might collect and retain to it's own use when collected all the Romescot or Peter-pence throughout Hertfordshire in which County that Church standeth Wherefore as the Church it self by the King's grant enjoys all manner of Royalties so the Abbot of the place for the time being hath all Episcopal Ornaments Also Pope Hadrian 4 who was born near Verulam granted to the Abbots of this Monastery these are the words of the Privilege That as St. Alban is well known to be the Protomartyr of the English Nation so the Abbot of his Monastery should in all times be reputed the first in dignity of all the Abbots in England Neither afteâ—wards did the Abbots neglect any particular that might be either useful or ornamental to it filling up with earth that very large Pool or Mere which lay under the town of Verulam The memory of this Pool remains in a certain street of the town still called Fishpool-street Anchors digg'd up Near which when certain Anchors in this age happen'd to be found in digging some men led into that mistake by a corrupted place in Gildas presently concluded that the Thames had formerly had it's course this way But concerning this Mere or Fishpool take if you please what is written by an ancient historian Alfricus the Abbot purchased for a great sum of money a large and deep pond called Fishpool which was very prejudicial by it's vicinity to the Church of St. Alban For the Fishery belonged to the Crown and the King's Officers and others that came to fish in it were troublesome and chargeable to the Monastery and the Monks The said Abbot therefore drein'd all the water out of this Pool and reduc'd it to dry land If I should lay any great stress on the Stories common amongst the people and should upon that bottom tell you what great store of Roman Coins how many images of gold and silver how many vessels how many marble pillars how many capitals in fine how many wonderful pieces of ancient work have been here fetch'd out of the earth I could not in reason expect to be credited However this short account which follows take upon the credit of an ancient Historian About the year 960. Ealred the Abbot in the reign of K. Edgar searching out the old subterraneous vaults of Verulam broke them all down and stop'd up all the ways and subterraneous passages which were arched over head very artificially and very firmly built some whereof were carried under the water which in old time almost encompassed the whole city This he did because these were ordinary lurking places of thieves and whores He also filled up the ditches of the city and stopt up certain caves thereabouts whither malefactors use to fly for shelter But he laid aside all the whole tiles and all such stones as he found fit for building Hard by the bank they happen'd upon certain oaken planks which had nails sticking in them and were covered over with pitch as also some other shipping-tackle particularly Anchors half eaten with rust and Oars of fâ—r And a little after Eadmer his Successor went forward with the work which Ealdred had begun and his diggers levelled the foundations of a palace in the middle of the old city and in a hollow place in the wall contrived like a small closet they happen d upon books having covers of oak and silk strings to them one whereof contain'd the life of St. Alban written in the British language the rest certain Pagan Ceremonies And when they had open'd the earth to a greater depth they met with old stone-tables tiles also and pillars pots and great earthen vessels neatly wrought and others of glass containing the ashes of the dead c. And at last out of these remains of old Verulam Eadmer built a new Monastery to St. Alban Thus much as to the Antiquity and Dignity of Verulam Now as to the praises of the place give me leave to add this Hexastic of Alexander Necham who was born there 400 years ago Urbs insignis erat Verolamia plus operosae Arti naturae debuit illa minus Pendragon Arthuri Patris haec obsessa laborem Septennem sprevit cive superba suo Hic est Martyrii roseo decoratus honore Albanus civis inclyta Roma tuus To ancient Verulam a famous town Much kindness art hath show'd but nature none Great Arthur's fire Pendragon's utmost power For seven long years did the proud walls endure Here holy Alban citizen of Rome Obtain'd the happy crown of martyrdom And in another place Hic locus aetatis nostrae primordia novit Annos foelices laetitiaeque dies Hic locus ingenuus pueriles imbuit annos Artibus nostrae laudis origo fuit Hic locus insignis magnósque creavit alumnos Foelix eximio Martyre gente situ Militat hic Christo noctéque dieque labori Invigilat sancto Religiosa cohors Here my first breath with happy stars was drawn Here my glad years and all my joys began In gradual knowledge here my mind increast Here the first sparks of glory fir'd my breast Hail noble town where fame shall ne're forget The Saint the citizens and happy seat Here heaven's true Soldiers with unwearied care And pious labour wage the Christian war But now the old Verulam is turned into Corn-fields and St. Albans St. Aâ—â—â—â—â— flourisheth which rose up out of the ruins of it a neat and large town The Church of the said Monastery is still in being a pile of building which for its largeness beauty and antiquity may justly challenge a particular regard When the Monks were turned out it was by the towns-men purchased for four hundred pound otherwise it had been laid even with the ground and was converted into a parochial Church It hath in it a very noble Font of solid brass wherein the Children of the Kings of Scotland were wont to be baptized Which Font Sir Richard Lea A Fâ—â—â—aâ—en 〈◊〉 the Scâ—â—â— spoâ—ls Master of the Pioneers brought hither amongst the rest of the spoils taken in the Scotch wars and gave it to this Church whereon is to be read this proud Inscription CUM LAETHIA OPIDUM APUD SCOTOS NON INCELEBRE ET EDINBURGUS PRIMARIA APUD EOS CIVITAS INCENDIO CONFLAGRARENT RICHARDUS LEUS EQUES AURATUS ME FLAMMIS EREPTUM AD ANGLOS PERDUXIT HUJUS EGO TANTI BENEFICII MEMOR NON NISI REGUM LIBEROS LAVARE SOLITUS NUNC MEAM OPERAM ETIAM INFIMIS ANGLORUM LIBENTER CONDIXI LEUS VICTOR SIC VOLUIT
Dukes of Somerset hath lately built a very noble and extraordinary pleasant Seat Within the town it self there is nothing worth seeing except a School founded there by J. Incent Dean of St. Pauls in London who was a native of this town More to the South lyeth Kings-Langley Kings-Langley heretofore a Seat of the Kings where Edmund of Langley son to Edward the third Duke of York was born and thence also named Here was a small Cell of Friers Praedicants in which that unhappy Prince Richard the second was first buried who was barbarously depriv'd both of his Kingdom and his Life but not long after his body was remov'd to Westminster and had a monument of brass bestow'd upon it to make amends for his Kingdom Just almost over-against this there lyeth also another Langley which because it did belong to the Abbots of St. Albans is call'd Abbots-Langley Abbots-Langley the place where Nicholas Breakspeare was born afterwards Pope by the name of Hadrian Pope Hadrian 4. the fourth who first preach'd the Christian faith to the people of Norway and quieted the tumults of the people of Rome at that time endeavouring to recover their ancient liberties Frederic the first Emperour of the Romans held this Pope's stirrup as he alighted from his horse and at last he lost his life by a fly that flew into his mouth and choaked him Lower I saw Watford Watford and Rickemanesworth Rickmansworth two Market-towns touching which we have no account until we find that King Offa bestowed them upon St. Alban as also he did Caishobery Caishobory that lyes next to Watford Watford At which place a house was begun by Sir Richard Morison a man of great learning and employed by Henry the 8th and Edward the 6th in several Embassies to the greatest Princes in Europe but he left it to his son 21 Sir Charles Charles to finish who made it a neat and curious Seat More toward the east the Roman military way pass'd in a direct line from London to Verulam over Hamsted-heath and so by Edgworth and Ellestre near which place at the very same distance that Antoninus in his Itinerary placeth the Sulloniacae Sulloniacae to wit twelve miles from London and nine from Verulam there remain yet some marks of an ancient station and there is much rubbish digg'd up upon a hill which is now call'd Brockley-hill o But when the Roman Empire in this land expir'd and barbarism by degrees got ground whilst the Saxon wars put all things in a perpetual hurry this great road as all other things lay quite neglected for a long time until a a little before the Norman Conquest Leofstan Abbot of St. Albans repaired and restor'd it For he as we read in his life caused the great woods all along from the edge of the †Ciltria Chiltern as far as London to be cut down especially upon the King's high-way commonly call'd Watlingstreet all high and broken grounds to be levell'd bridges to be built and the ways made even for the convenience of passengers But above 300 years ago this road was again in part deserted by reason that another road was laid open thro' Highgate and Barnet by licence from the Bishop of London Barnet begins now a-days to be an eminent market for cattel but was much more so for a great battel fought there in those furious wars between the two houses of York and Lancaster in which wars England suffer'd whatever aspiring Treachery durst attempt For at d This Gledsmore is in the County of Middlesex tho' Barnet it self be in this and the battel from it commonly call'd Barnet-field Gledsmore hard by the two parties upon an Easter-day had a sharp encounter anâ— for a long time by reason of a thick Fog fought with dubious success But at last King Edw. 4. happily gained the Victory and Richard Nevill Earl of Warwick was there slain a man whom as the smiles of Fortune had render'd strangely insolent and a particular enemy to crown'd heads so by his death he freed England from those apprehensions of continu'd civil wars they had long labour'd under p 22 Barnet hath for his neighbours Mimmes a seat of the worshipful family of the Coningsbies descended to them by Frowick from the Knolles ancient possessors thereof and North-hall where Ambrose Dudley last Earl of Warwick rais'd a stately house from the Foundations Earls of Hertford This County of Hertford had Earls that were of the family of Clare and therefore more commonly were call'd Earls of Clare from Clare their principal seat in the County of Suffolk The first that I have met with was Gilbert who writes himself Earl of Hertford as a witness to a Charter of King Stephen Likewise Roger de Clare in the Red-book in the Exchequer bears the title of Earl of Hertford in the reign of Henry 2. as also his successors See the E◠〈…〉 G◠〈…〉 and iâ— Sâ—folk whom you may see in their proper places But when this family by right of inheritance as well as by their Prince's favour came to be also Earls of Glocester they bore joyntly the two titles and were summoned to Parliament by the name of Earls of Glocester and Hertford And accordingly Richard de Clare who died An. Dom. 1262. is by Matthew of Westminster expresly called Earl of Glocester and Hertford upon the recital of this his Epitaph Hic pudor Hippoliti Paridis gena sensus Ulyssis Aeneae pietas Hectoris ira jacet Here Hector 's rage Ulysses wisdom lays Hippolitus his blush and Paris face But within the memory of our fathers K. Hen. 8. honoured 23 Sir Edward Edward de St. Maur or Seymor with the title of Earl of Hertford who was afterward created also Duke of Somerset 24 By King Edward 6. to whom succeeded in this Earldom his son of the same name a person of great honour and a true friend to learning This County hath in it 120 Parishes ADDITIONS to HERTFORDSHIRE THE County of Hertford as to Vicountile Jurisdiction both before and long after the time of Edward 3. was annex'd to Essex and one Sheriff supply'd both Counties as did also one Escheator * Nord p. 5. The Justices for the greater ease both of themselves and the common people have by consent divided the whole Shire into three parts or divisions and accordingly have three several Courts for determination of lesser matters the more considerable being referr'd to the general meeting at Hertford a Notwithstanding what our Author has affirm'd of it's corn-ground pastures and meadows those who have made particular enquiries into the affairs of this County rather refer it's flourishing condition partly to the many thorow-fares to and from London which has been the cause of the improvement of their towns and partly to the healthfulness of the air which has induc'd several of the Gentry to settle in this County and given occasion to this saying
Besides another share as Mr. Camden observes pass'd to Brus. As for Chelmsford that indeed was a villa belonging to the Bishop of London when the Conqueror's Survey was made and so continu'd till Bishop Bonner alienated it to Henry 8. But it was of no great note till Bishop Maurice built the bridge there about the time of Henry 1. and his Successor William Bishop of London procur'd from King John Anno regni 1. a Market there and An. 2. a Fair. When it grew thus famous the road which is most considerable as to our business began to be through this town tho' till then it had all along laid through Writtle which we suppose to be the old Canonium Upon the river Froshwel or Pant which also runneth into this bay is Finchingfield Fâ—â—â—hingfâ—â—â—d held of Edw. 3. by John Compes by the service of turning the Spit at his Coronation g Going along with this river towards the Sea we find Maldon Maldon without all doubt the ancient Camalodunum tho' as our Author observes several men have sought it in other places It has been so largely treated upon by Authors that little more can be said Only as to the original of the name concerning which most of them seem to be at a loss a â—â—mmes 〈◊〉 late Writer has advanc'd a new one in favour of his own hypothesis that it comes from Camol which in the Phoenician signifies a Prince and Governour and the old dun a hill so that this may be call'd the King's-hill as Mons Capitolinus at Rome signifies Jupiter's-hill It s being Cunobâ—lin's Regia as our Author calls it or Palace seems to give some strength to the conjecture but then how it will suit with the old Altar-Inscription which mentions Camulus Deus and the coins which confirm it I very much doubt and these must be lookt upon as the best authority In a garden at Maldon was found a piece of gold almost as large as a Guinea It has on one side Nero and on the reverse Agrippina and is very exactly done h At six miles distance from Camalodunum the Itinerary mentions Ad Ansam Ad Aâ—sam which our Author thought to have been a Terminus to that famous Colony ‖ A later writer imagines Ad Ansam might be written instead of Ad Arcam which if true favours the conjecture of Mr. Camden because Arca was a monument also such as they set up in the borders of fields and observ'd for limits Hence we read in an old Glossary Arcae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i.e. the utmost extent of possessions As for the position of it he imagines from the distances it could not be far from Coggeshal * Iâ—id and what has since hap'ned in those parts confirms his opinion By the road-side was discover'd an Hypogaeum or Grot with arched work wherein was a lamp in a glass vial cover'd with a Roman tile whose diameter was 14 inches There were also some urns and crocks wherein were ashes and bones Amongst the rest was one of a polite and most fine substance resembling rather Coâ—al than red Earth and had this Inscription upon the cover Coccillim perhaps for Coccilli M. that is Coccilli Manibus If this Coccillus was some Governour who under Antoninus Pius had the command of these places as †Funeral Mâ—â—â—â—men Weaver imagines 't is possible that the present name Coggeshall may have still some remains of that Notwithstanding which there is this objection lyes against our Author's conjecture From Dunmow the old Caesaromagus to Colonia or Colchester there is a direct Port-way runs through Coggeshal Now if that had been the old Ad Ansam 't is unaccountable how the Itinerary which often takes a wide circuit to hook in a town should in the 5th Iter pass by this that lays in its road What then if we should pitch upon Wittham The direct road from Combretonium or Bretton in Suffolk the next station before Ad Ansam Iter 9. lyes through it and it stands at an exact distance from Camalodunum Maldon which immediately follows Ad Ansam in the Itinerary viz. six miles Besides it does not want good evidences of its Antiquity for between the Church and the Street are still visible the remains of a large old Camp though much of the fortifications are digg'd down to make way for the plow and a road lyes through the midst of it What Matthew Westminster has observ'd of a Castle built there by Edward the Elder about the year 912. or 914. and how in the mean time he kept his Court at Maldon is a farther testimony of its Antiquity since as we observ'd before the Saxon Nobility made choice of the forsaken Camps of the Romans If these arguments be convincing that Ad Ansam was at Wittham and that the ruinous Camp there is the remains of it then 't is probable that the stately Manour-place here in Fauburn a mile distant from it was formerly the Villa or Country-house of some noble Roman And what renders the conjecture more plausible is a silver Coin of Domitian discover'd under the very foundation of an old wall built partly of Roman brick by the servants of Edward Bullock Esq Lord of the Manour who having had a liberal education in Trinity-College in Cambridge and marry'd first the daughter of Sir Mark Guien and secondly the daughter of Sir Josiah Child is a real ornament to this place i Not far from the river Coln near the head of it is Wetherfield Wetherfield which I find in an old Deed of Hugh Nevills to be written Weresfield This Hugh was with King Richard the first in his wars in the Holy Land where he slew a Lyon by an arrow-shot and by running him through with his sword which gave occasion to that old verse Viribus Hugonis vires periêre Leonis The Lion's strength couragious Hugh excels To the above-mention'd Deed which is short and plain according to the undesigning simplicity of those times is affixt his Seal wherein is exprest the manner of this Atchievement and about which is written Sigillum Hugonis Nevil It is now in the possession of Mr. John Nevil of Redgwell in this County who is a branch of that family descended from the Nevils of Raby-castle in the Bishoprick of Durham k Upon the river Coln nearer to the sea lyes Colchester Colchester the ancient Colonia Colonia from whence both the river and the town seem to have borrow'd their names For we know it was usual for the Saxons to make new names by adding their ceaster or burh c. to a part of the Roman though it is not to be doubted but the Earls Colne Wakes Colne c. mention'd by our Author and probably of much later being were so call'd immediately from the river as that from the Colony Why might not this be a Colony of the Londoners as London-derry of late years in Ireland especially since Tacitus has particularly observ'd that London
Lancaster Earl of Hereford to the King for blabbing some scandalous and malicious words against his Majesty And when they were to try it by duel a Herald by the King's authority pronounc'd sentence against them at the very Lists that both should be banish'd Lancaster for 10 years but Mowbray for life who dy'd at Venice leaving two sons behind him in England Whereof Thomas Earl Marshal and Earl of Nottingham for he had no other titles upon raising a conspiracy was beheaded by Henry of Lancaster who had possest himself of the Crown under the name of Henry 4. But his brother and heir John by the favour of Hen. 5. was restor'd and being for some years after stil'd only Earl Marshal and Earl of Nottingham upon Hen. 6.'s coming to the Crown was by virtue of a Patent granted by Rich. 2. as son of Thomas Duke of Norfolk his father Rot. Parl. 3 Hen. 6. and heir to Thomas his brother declar'd Duke of Norfolk by authority of Parliament He was succeeded by his son John who dy'd in the first year of Edw. 4. and he also by his son of that name who in the life-time of his father was by Hen. 6. created Earl of Surrey and Warren Parl. 17. Edw. 4. Whose only daughter Anne was marry'd to Richard Duke of York K. Ed. the 4.'s young son and with her had a grant from his father of the titles of Norfolk Earl Marshal Warren and Nottingham But both he and his wife being made away very young Rich. 3. K. of England conferr'd the title of Duke of Norfolk and the authority of Earl Marshal upon 24 John Lord Howard John Howard who was found Kinsman and one of the heirs of Anne Dutchess of York and Norfolk above-mention'd For his mother was one of the daughters of that first Tho. Mowbray Duke of Norfolk and K. Edw. 4. had advanc'd him to the dignity of a Baron This John was kill'd in the battel of Bosworth fighting valiantly for Richard against Hen. 7. His son Thomas who by creation from Rich. 3. was Earl of Surrey 25 And by King Hen. 7. made Lord Treasurer was by K. Hen. 8. restor'd to his father's title of Norfolk 26 And his son the same day created Earl of Surrey after he had routed the Scotch-army 27 At Branxton at Floddon wherein James 1. K. of Scots was slain In memory of which victory it was granted to the family of the Howards that in the middle of the White Bend in their Arms there should be added In an Escocheon Or An honorary Escocheon in the Arms of the Howards a demy Lion shot through the mouth with an arrow within a double tressure adorn'd with Lilies on both sides Gules which comes very near to the Arms of the Kings of Scotland He was succeeded by his son Thomas 28 As well in his Honours as in the Office of Lord Treasurer of England and liv'd in the time of Queen Mary whom our own Age saw toss'd about with the ebbs and flows of Fortune His grandchild Thomas by his son Henry which Henry was the first of our English Nobility that grac'd his high birth with the ornaments of Learning being attainted of High-Treason for endeavouring a match with Mary Queen of Scots and in the year 1572. beheaded See in the Adages of Hadr. Juu. Achilleum votum was the last D. of Norfolk From which time his posterity has as it were lay dead but now by the favour and bounty of K. James begins to revive and flourish again There are in this County about 660 Parish-Churches ADDITIONS to NORFOLK THE County of Norfolk is so call'd from its Northern situation with respect to the rest of the East-Angles whereof it was a part Our Author recommends it for its being very populous having as he observes 27 markets and 625 villages But if we may trust the Book of Rates of Taxes to the King the esteem it hath upon that account may be rais'd much higher for there we find 32 markets and 711 villages whether Mr. Camden was mistaken in the number or this increase have been since his time I dare not say What he has observ'd of its being a Nursery of Lawyers as it is confirm'd by many instances so particularly by the great Sir Henry Spelman from whom Spede confesses he receiv'd his description of Norfolk After that he drew up an entire description of this his native County and upon his authority principally depends the greatest part of the following remarks a To begin with our Author Thetford Thetford is no doubt the ancient Sitomagus but whether that be corruptly written Simomagus and Sinomagus is not so certain as to bear a positive assertion It is worth the while to consider whether there is not something in these names which should imply its being the Capital city of the Iceni If we take Simomagus Ptolemy's Simeni for so he names the people of those parts does something favour it and Sinomagus comes nearer the name Iceni especially if we may suppose the I cast away as in Hispani Spani Besides Caesar's calling this people Cenimagni which Camden finding them distinctly read Ceni Agni is of opinion should be read Iceni Regni farther confirms this conjecture b As to the relation which Mr. Camden discovers between the initial of the old and present names Sit and Thet and from thence concludes that the modern name is compounded of the remains of the Roman and the Saxon ford there is no grounds for it For the old Saxon name was Ãeod-ford not as Mr. Camden writes it Ãeotford the similitude of t and d probably creating a mistake in some old Copies which plainly signifies a ford of the people This town was famous for being a seat of the Kings of the East-Angles but whether that fortification with a double trench was the work of the Saxons our Author leaves to the judgment of others That incomparable Antiquary Spelman thinks it was done by the Danes who made so considerable a figure in those parts because the camps of both Romans and Saxons are generally observ'd to be much larger An anonymous Author quoted by * Antiq. Cant. p. 148. Caius tells us there was formerly a Great-School or Nursery of Learning in this place It may possibly be the same which †Hist Eccl. l. 3. c. 18. Bede hints to when he informs us how Sigebert after he was return'd home and settl'd in his kingdom built a school for the education of youth in imitation of what he had observ'd of that nature in France Whether this passage belongs to Thetford or Cambridge for the latter lays claim to it to advance its Antiquity is a point too large to be discuss'd here Notwithstanding the eminency of the place which besides the seat of the East-Saxon Kings the Bishops-See and 8 Monasteries have entail'd upon it a thing perhaps that few cities can boast of yet in 9 Edw 1. it was neither city
Richard created Earl of Cambridge by the meer favour of Henry 5. and consent of his own brother Edward But after this perfidious and ambitious man ungratefully conspir'd against the life of that best of Princes and so lost his head the title of Earl of Cambridge was either lost with him or lodg'd among the titles of his son Richard afterwards Duke of York and restor'd to all his dignities as being Kinsman and Heir to his Uncle Edward Duke of York This Shire contains 163 Parishes ADDITIONS to CAMBRIDGESHIRE Improvements of the County a THE County of Cambridge in Saxon Grantabrycgscyr not as our Author Grentbriggscyre and by later writers according to the several ages wherein they liv'd call'd Cantebrigesire Grantebridgescire Cantebriggeschire has of late years had two very considerable improvements of its soil and air the first by planting great quantities of Saintfoine which is brought from foreign parts and thrives only in very dry and barren ground the second by draining the fens in the Isle of Ely a work that was carry'd on at vast expence but has at last turn'd to a double account both in gaining much ground and mending the rest and also in refining and clearing the air and in a great measure taking away that * Under the title Cambridge Caeli gravitas è palustri situ mention'd by our Author Our Author in describing the chief place in it Cambridge Cambridgâ— has hardly allow'd it so much compass as the dignity of so famous an University and Nursery of Learning requires So that 't is no more than justice to be a little more particular upon their several Foundations and the improvements that have been made upon them since his time both in buildings and otherwise b Peter-house Peter-hâ—usâ— seems to have been built some time before 1284. to which year our Author refers it For †History of this Unâ—versity p. 1 Fuller upon whose authority these accounts principally depends tells us that Hugh Balsham when he was only Prior of Ely began the foundation of this house about the year 1257. without Trumpington-gate near the Church of St. Peter from which it seems to have taken the name But all the advantage the Scholars had at first was only the convenience of Chambers which exempted them from those high rents the Townsmen had us'd to exact of them What our Author I suppose refers to is the endowment which was settl'd by the same Hugh when Bishop in 1284. for a Master fourteen Fellows c. which number might be increas'd or diminisht according to the improvement or abatement of their revenues c So likewise the first date of Clare-hall Claâ—e hall tho' not the name is to be carry'd higher than 1340. For this Richard Badew built before that a house call'd University-hall wherein the Scholars liv'd upon their own expence for 16 years together till it was burnt down by a casual fire The founder finding himself unequal to the charge of rebuilding it had the assistance of Elizabeth third sister and coheir of Gilbert Earl of Clare by whose liberality it was built up again and endow'd It is at present one of the neatest and most uniform Houses in the University having been lately new built all of Free-stone d Pembroke-hall Pembroke-hâ—â—â— was founded by Mary de S. Paul third wife to Audomare de Valentia Earl of Pembroke For her husband being unhappily slain at a Tilting on the wedding-day she entirely sequester'd her self from all worldly delights and devoting her self to God amongst other pious acts built this College which was afterwards much augmented by the benefactions of others e Bennet-College Bâ—â—â—et-Câ—â—â—â—ge arose out of two Guilds or Fraternities one of Corpus-Christi and the other of the blessed Virgin These two after long emulation being united into one Body by a joint interest built this College which has its name from the adjoyning Church of St. Benedict Their greatest modern Benefactor was Matthew Parker once Master of the College and afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury who by his prudent management recover'd several Rights of the College and besides two Fellowships and five Scholarships gave a great number of excellent Manuscripts to their Library f Trinity-hall Triâ— ty-hâ—â—â— was built upon a place that once belong'd to the Monks of Ely and was a house for Students before the time of Bishop Bateman who by exchange for the Advowsances of certain Rectories got it into his own possession He was a great Master of Civil and Canon Law and so the Master two Fellows and three Scholars the number he appointed at the first Foundation were oblig'd to follow those two Studies It has been since very much augmented by Benefactions and the number of its members is proportionably encreas'd g Caius-College Caiâ—s was at first call'd Gonvil-hall and was built upon the place where now are the Orchard and Tennis-Court of Bennet-College Fâ—â—er's Hâ—â—t of Cambr. p. 5â— But within five years it was remov'd into the place where it stands at present by Bishop Bateman Some time after John Caius Doctor of Physick improv'd this Hall into a new College since call'd after his own name h King's-College King 's was at first but small built by Henry the sixth for a Rector and twelve Scholars There was near it a little Hostle for Grammarians built by William Bingham which was granted by the Founder to the said King Henry for the enlargement of his College Whereupon he united these two and having enlarg'd them by addition of the Church of St. John Zachary founded a fair College for a Provost seventy Fellows and Scholars three Chaplains c. i Queen's-College Queen's was begun by Queen Margaret but the troublesome times coming upon her would not give her leave to compleat her intended fabrick The first Master of it Andrew Ducket by his industry and application procur'd great sums of money from well-dispos'd persons towards the finishing of this work and so far prevail'd upon Queen Elizabeth wife to King Edward the fourth that she perfected what her profess'd Enemy had begun k Catharine-hall Catharine-hall was built by Richard Woodlark third Provost of King's College over against the Carmelites house for one Master and three Fellows and the number encreas'd with the Revenues About one half of it is lately new-built and when 't is finisht it will give place to none in point of beauty and regularity l Jesus-College Jesus was made out of an old Nunnery dedicated to St. Radegund the Nuns whereof were so notorious for their incontinence and so generally complain'd of that King Henry 7. and Pope Julius the second bestow'd it upon John Alcock Bishop of Ely to convert it into a College who establish'd in it a Master six Fellows and six Scholars But their numbers by the great benefactions they have had are very much encreas'd m Christ's-College Christ's was built upon the place where God's-house formerly stood and was endow'd
with its Fairs Richard Harecourt obtain'd from King Edward 1. e The battel was fought at three miles distance from this town but because this was the most remarkable it was therefore said to be at Bosworth-field Mr. Burton Hist of Leicestershire p. 47. has given us several remains of that engagement as pieces of armour arrow-heads c. digg'd up there Near this town within the memory of our grandfathers the right of the Crown of England happen'd to be finally determin'd by a battel For there Henry Earl of Richmond with a small body of men gave battel to Richard the third who in a most wicked manner had usurp'd the Crown and whilst for the liberty of his Country Henry with his party valiantly expos'd himself to death he happily overcame and slew the Tyrant and in the midst of blood and slaughter was with joyful acclamations saluted King having by his valour deliver'd England from the dominion of a tyrant and by his prudence eas'd the nation from the disquiet of civil dissentions d Hereupon Bernardus Andreas a Poet of Tholouse who liv'd in those days in an Ode to Henry 7. alludes thus to the Roses which were the †Insignia Device of that King Ecce nunc omnes posuere venti Murmura praeter Zephyrum tepentem Hic Rosas nutrit nitidósque flores Veris amoeni Now the rough tempests all have breath'd their last All winds are hush't except the gentle west By whose kind gales are blushing Roses blown And happy spring with all its joys comes on Other things worthy our mention near this way we do not meet with unless it be at a greater distance f This place is largely desrib'd by Mr. Burton in his History of Leicestershire p. 16. Ashby de la Zouch Ashby Barons Zouch of Ashby a most pleasant town now belonging to the Earls of Huntingdon formerly to Alan de la Zouch 7 Who descended from Alan Viscount of Rohan in Little-Britain and Constantia his wife daughter to Conan le Grosse Earl of Britain and Maud his wife the natural daughter of Henry the first a Baron who bore for his arms on a Shield Gules 10 Bezants This man having marry'd one of the heiresses of Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester in her right came to a great estate in this County but having commenced a suit against John Earl of Warren who chose rather to determine the matter by Sword than by Law he was kill'd by him in the King's-hall at Westminster An. 1279. And some few years after the daughters and heirs of his Nephew convey'd this estate by their marriages into the families of Seymour 8 Of Castle Cary. and Holland Hollands 9 Yet their father first bestow'd this Ashby upon Sir Richard Mortimer of Richards-castle his Cousin whose youger issue thereupon took the surname of Zouch and were Lords of Ashby But from Eudo a younger son of Alane who was slain in Westminster-hall the Lords Zouch of Haringworth branch'd out and have been for many descents Barons of the Realm But this town came afterwards to the family of Hastings who have here a very magnificent seat of which family William procured from Henry the sixth the privilege of certain Fairs Nor ought I to pass over in silence Cole-Overton â—â—â—ton the seat of H. de Bellomont or Beaumont 10 Descended from Sir Thomas Beaumont Lord of Bachevill in Normandy brother to the first Viscount Which Sir Thomas as some write was he who was slain manfully fighting at such time as the French recover'd Paris from the English in the time of King Henry the sixth branch'd from that famous family of the Viscounts de Bellomont It hath a name of distinction from Pit-Coles 〈◊〉 Coles being a bituminous earth harden'd by nature and here to the Lord of the Manour's great profit digg'd up in such plenty as to supply the neighbouring Country all about with firing The river Soar as I have already observ'd cuts through the middle of this County which rising not far from the Street-way and encreasing with the addition of many running waters flows gently Northward and in its course passes by the West and North-sides of the principal town of the Shire call'd by Author's g In the Saxon it has several names according to the several Copies Legerceaster Ligoraceaster Lygraceaster Legraceaster Legoraceaster In reading our ancient Histories it ought to be carefully distinguish'd from the British Caerlegion or Caerleon West-Chester which is nam'd Legeceaster Legaceaster and by middle ag'd writers Legacestre See a large description of this place in Mr. Burton's Antiquities of Leicestershire p. 160 c. Lege-cestria Leogora Legeo-cester and Leicester Leicester It is a place that shows great antiquity and no less beauty in its buildings In the year 680 when Sexwulph by King Ethelred's order divided the kingdom of the Mercians into Dioceses he plac'd here a Bishop's seat and became himself the first Bishop of this See But after few years the See being translated to another place that dignity determin'd and the reputation of the town by little and little decay'd till Edelfleda a noble Lady in the year after our Saviour's nativity 914 repair'd and fortify'd the place with new walls so that Matthew Paris in his Lesser History writes thus Legecestria is a most wealthy city and encompast with an indissoluble wall of which if the foundation were strong and good the place would be inferiour to no city whatsoever At the coming in of the Normans it was well peopled and frequented and had many Burgesses Twelve of whom as we find recorded in William the first 's Book were by ancient Tenure to go with the King as often as he went to war But in case he made an expedition by sea then they sent four horses as far as London for the carriage of arms or other necessaries This town paid to the King yearly thirty pounds by tale and twenty in Ore 11 That is by weight and five and twenty h A measure containing our pint and a half or in weight 24 ounces Sextaries of Honey i This as Mr. Burton observes was done by Richard Lucie Lord Chief Justice of England to whom the government of this nation was committed the King then being absent in Ireland A. D. 1173. But in the time of Henry the second it was oppress'd with great miseries and the walls demolisht when Robert sirnam'd Bossu that is Crook-back Earl of Leicester endeavour'd an insurrection against his Prince Which Matthew Paris delivers in these words For the contumacy of Earl Robert in opposing the King the noble city of Leicester was besieged and ruin'd by King Henry and the wall which seem'd indissoluble thrown down to the very foundation quite round Let me add out of the said Lesser History That the walls being faulty in the foundations when they were undermin'd and the props burnt that supported them fell in great pieces which remain
Râ—â—land of this family John departed this life Sept. 29. 1679. and left this title to his only son John the present Earl of Rutland LINCOLNSHIRE THIS County of Lincoln borders upon Rutland on the East call'd by the Saxons Lincollscyre by the Normans upon their first entrance into this Island by a transposal of Letters Nicolshire but commonly now Lincolnshire 'T is a very large County being almost sixty miles long and in some places above thirty broad fitted by the mildness of the air for the produce of corn and feeding of cattel adorn'd with many towns and water'd with many rivers On the East-side it shoots out a †Supercilium foreland of great compass which bounds upon the German Ocean on the North it reaches as far as the Abus or Humber an arm of the sea on the West it joyns to Nottinghamshire and on the South 't is parted from Northamptonshire by the river Welland The whole County is divided into three parts Holland Kesteven and Lindsey as we in our language call it a Holland Holland which Ingulphus calls Hoiland is next the sea and like Holland in Germany is so very moist in many places that the print of one's foot remains in it and the surface it self shakes if stampt on from whence it may seem to have took its name unless with Ingulphus one would have Hoiland to be the right name and that it deriv'd it from the Hay made here 1 With our Progenitors broadly call'd Hoy. b All this part lyes upon that Estuary which Ptolemy calls Metaris Metaris instead of Maltraith at this day The Washes The Washes This Estuary is very large and famous cover'd with water at every flowing of the tide and passable again at every ebb tho' not without danger as King John to his own loss experienc'd for whilst in the Barons war he attempted to pass here he lost all his carriages and furniture near Foss-dyke and Welstream by a sudden inundation as Matthew of Westminster tells us This part of the County call'd Silt which the Inhabitants from the great heaps of sand believe to have been forsaken by the sea is so assaulted on one side with the ocean and on the other with a mighty flood of waters which drain from the higher Country that all the winter they constantly watch it and can hardly with their cast-up banks defend themselves against those dangerous enemies The ground produceth very little corn but much grass and is well stor'd with fish and sea-fowl but the soil is so soft that they work their horses unshod and you shall not find so much as a little stone which has not been brought from some other place yet however the Churches here are beautiful and well built of square stone 'T is very evident from the banks cast up against the waters now distant two miles from the shore and from the hills near Sutterton which they call Salt-hills Salt-hillâ— that the sea came further up Here is great want of fresh water in all places having no other supply but the rain water in pits which if deep soon turn the water brackish if shallow grow presently dry Here are many quick-sands Qâ—ick-sands and the Shepherds and their flocks are often with great danger made sensible that they have a wonderful force in sucking in any thing that comes upon them and retaining it fast LINCOLNSHIRE by Roâ—â— Mâ—rden â—â—l's of â—â—wland If out of the same Author I should describe the Devils of Crowland with their blubber lips fiery mouths scaly faces beetle heads sharp teeth long chins hoarse throats black skins hump shoulders big bellys burning loins bandy legs tail'd buttocks c. that formerly haunted these places and very much troubled Guthlacus and the Monks you 'd laugh perhaps at the story and much more at my madness in telling it Since the situation and nature of the place is strange and different from all others in England and the Monastery particularly famous in former times I shall give you the description of it somewhat at large This Crowland lyes in the fenns so enclos'd and encompass'd with deep bogs and pools that there is no access to it but on the north and east-side and these by narrow Causeys This Monastery and Venice if we may compare things of such different size and proportion have the same situation It consists of three streets separated each from the other by water-courses planted with willows built on piles driven into the bottom of the pool having communication by a triangular bridge curiously built under which the inhabitants say there was a very deep pit dig'd to receive the concourse of waters there Beyond the bridge where as one words it †â—n â—ilum â—atur 〈◊〉 the bog is become firm ground stood formerly that famous Monastery of very small compass about which unless on that side where the town stands the ground is so rotten and boggy that a pole may be thrust down thirty foot deep there is nothing round about it but reeds and next the Church a grove of alders However the town is pretty well inhabited but the cattel are kept far from it so that when the owners milk them they go in boats that will carry but two call'd by them Skerrys Their greatest gain is from the fish and * Anatum 〈◊〉 wild Ducks that they catch which are so many that in August they can drive at once into a single net 3000 ducks they call these pools their corn fields for there is no corn grows within five miles For this liberty of taking of fish and fowl they formerly paid yearly to the Abbot as they do now to the King three hundred pounds sterling 'T is not necessary to write the private history of this Monastery for 't is extant in Ingulphus now printed yet I am willing to make a short report of that which Peter Blesensis * â—â—â—e-â—anâ—â—ius Vice-chancellour to King Henry the second among other things related concerning the first building of this Monastery in the year 1112. to the end that by one single precedent we may learn by what means and supplys so many rich and stately Religious-houses were built in all parts of this kingdom Joffrid the Abbot obtain'd of the Arch-bishops and Bishops of England an Indulgence to every one that helped forward so religious a work for the third part of the penance enjoyn'd for the sins he had committed With this he sent out Monks every where to pick up money and having enough he appointed St. Perpetua's and Felicity's day to be that in which he would lay the foundation to the end the work from some fortunate name might be auspiciously begun At which time the Nobles and Prelates with the common People met in great numbers Prayers being said and Anthems sung the Abbot himself laid the first corner stone on the East-side after him every noble man according to his degree laid his stone some laid money others Writings by
de Scremby At last the King gave it to 6 Sir Henry Henry de Bellomonte for nothing is more clear than that he enjoy'd it in Edward the second 's reign 〈◊〉 4. E. 2. â—ckingâ—m Near this is Skrekingham remarkable for the death of Alfric the second Earl of Leicester kill'd by Hubba the Dane Which place 't is very probable Ingulphus speaks of when he writes In Kesteven three Danish petty Kings were slain and they interr'd them in a certain village heretofore call'd Laundon but now Tre-king-ham by reason of the burial of the three Kings More to the east is Hather famous for nothing but the name of the Busseys or Busleys â—â—fy who live here and derive themselves from Roger de Busley cotemporary with the Conquerour â—â—xd And then Sleford a castle of the Bishops of Lincoln erected by Alexander the Bishop where also 7 Sir John John Hussy 〈◊〉 â—â—ly the first and last Baron of that name 8 Created by King Henry 8. built himself a house but lost his head for rashly engaging in the common insurrection in the year 1537 when the feuds and difference about Religion first broke out in England A few miles from hence stands Kime â—me from whence a noble family call'd de Kime had their name but the Umfranvils three of whom were summon'd to sit in the house of Lords by the name of Earls of Angus in Scotland â—s of â—gus became at last possessors of it The sages of the Common Law would not allow the first of these forasmuch as Angus was not within the bounds of the Kingdom of England to be an Earl before he produc'd in open Court the King 's Writ by which he was summon'd to Parliament under the title of Earl of Angus From the Umfravils this came to the Talbois one of which family nam'd Gilbert was by Henry the eighth created Baron of Talbois whose two sons died without issue so that the inheritance went by females to the family of the Dimocks Inglebies and others More to the west stands Temple Bruer â—mple â—er that is as I take it Temple in the Heath it seems to have been a Preceptory of the Templars for there are to be seen the ruinous walls of a demolish'd Church not unlike those of the New Temple in London Near it is Blankeney â—ons â—ncourt once the Barony of the Deincourts who flourish'd in a continu'd succession from the coming in of the Normans to the times of Henry 6. for then their heir male fail'd in one William whose two sisters and heirs were married the one to 9 Sir William William Lovel the other to Ralph Cromwell I have the more readily taken notice of this family because I would willingly answer the request of Edmund Baron Deincourt who was long since so very desirous to preserve the memory of his name having no issue male he petition'd K. Ed. 2. for liberty To make over his Manours and Arms to whomsoever he pleas'd â— 21 H. 6. â— 10 â—w 2. for he imagin'd that both his name and Arms would go to the grave with him and was very sollicitous they should survive and be remembred Accordingly the King complied and he had Letters Patents for that end Yet this sirname so far as my knowledge goes is now quite extinct and would have been drown'd in oblivion if books and learning had not sav'd it In the west part of Kesteven where this County borders on Leicestershire on a very steep and as it seems â—voir or â—erâ—le artificial hill stands Belvoir or Beauvoir-Castle so call'd whatever the name was formerly from its pleasant prospect which with the little Monastery adjoyning was built as 't is given out by Todeneius a Norman from whom by the Albenies Britans and by the Roos's Barons it came to be the inheritance of the Manours Earls of Rutland by the first of whom nam'd Thomas it was as I have heard rebuilt after it had laid in ruins many years For William Lord Hastings in spight to Thomas Lord Roos who sided with Henry 6. almost demolish'd it and upon the attainder of Baron Roos had it granted him by Edward 4. with very large possessions But Edmund Baron Roos the son of Thomas by the bounty of Henry 7. regain'd this his ancestors inheritance o About this castle are found the stones call'd Astroites Astroites which resemble little stars link'd one with another having five rays in every corner and in the middle of every ray a hollow This stone among the Germans had its name from Victory for they think as Georgius Agricola writes in his sixth book of Minerals That whosoever carries this stone about him shall be successful against his enemies But I have not yet had an opportunity to make the experiment whether this stone of ours when put in vinegar will move out of its place and whirl round like that in Germany The Vale beneath this castle commonly call'd from it The Vale of Belver The Vale of Belver is pretty large and exceeding pleasant by reason of the corn-fields and pastures there It lies part in Nottinghamshire part in Leicestershire and part in Lincolnshire If not in this very place yet for certain very near it †See the Additions to Rutlandshire under the title Market-Overton where 't is more conveniently plac'd stood formerly that Margidunum Margidunum which Antoninus makes mention of next to Vernometum and this may sufficiently be prov'd both by its name and distance from Vernometum and the Town Ad Pontem otherwise Paunton for Antoninus places it between them It seems to have taken this ancient name from Marga and the situation of it For Marga among the Britains is a sort of earth with which they manure their grounds and Dunum which signifies a hill is applicable only to high places But I do for all that very much question this etymology seeing there is very little Marle in this place the not searching for it being perhaps the reason except the Britains by the name of Marga understand ‖ Gypsum Plaister-stone which is as I am inform'd dug up not far from hence and was as Pliny declares in his natural history in great request among the Romans who used it in their Plaisterings and * Sigillis Cielings Thro' this part of the Shire runs Witham Riv. Witham a little river but very full of Pikes and the northern parts are bounded by it It s spring head is at a little town of the same name Bitham not far from the ruins of Bitham-Castle which as we find in an old pedigree was by William the first given to Stephen Earl of Albemarle and Holderness to enable him to feed his son as yet a little infant with fine white bread for at that time nought was eaten in Holderness but oat-bread altho' 't is now very little used there This castle nevertheless in the reign of Edward 3. was when
title of Aber Gavenni upon which the majority of voices gave it the heir-male And when he had again proposed Whether the title of Baron Le Despenser Baroness le Despenser should be conferr'd on the female and her heirs they unanimously agreed to it to which his Majesty gave his Royal Assent And Edward Nevil was soon after summon'd to Parliament by the King 's Writ under the title of Baron of Aber-Gavenni And being according to the usual ceremony introduc'd in his Parliament-Robe between two Barons he was placed above the Baron de Audeley At the same time also the King's Patent was read before the Peers whereby his Majesty restored rais'd preferred c. Mary Fane to the state degree title stile name honour and dignity of Baroness le Despenser Baroness le Despenser and that her heirs successively should be Barens le Despenser c. But the question of precedency being proposed the Peers referr'd the decision thereof to the Commissioners for the office of Earl Marshal of England who signâ—d their Verdict for the Barony of le Despenser This was read before the Peers and by their order register'd in the Parliament Diary out of which I have taken this account in short What ought not to be omitted is that John Hastings held this Castle by homage ward and marriage 6 Edw. 2. When it happens as we read in the Inquisition and if there should chance any war between the King of England and Prince of Wales he ought to defend the Country of Over-went at his own charges to the utmost of his power for the good of himself the King and Kingdom The second town call'd by Antoninus Burrium Burrium who places it 12 miles from Gobannium is seated where the river Byrdhin falls into Usk. 'T is call'd now in British by a transposition of letters Brynbiga for Burenbegi and also Kaer-ŵysk by Giraldus Castrum Oskae and in English Usk. Usk. It shews now only the ruins of a large strong Castle pleasantly seated between the river Usk and Oilwy a small brook which takes its course from the east by Ragland a stately castle-like house of the Earl of Worcester's and passes under it The third City call'd by Antoninus Isca Isca and Legio secunda seated on the other side of the river Usk and distant as he observes exactly 12 Italian miles from Burrium is câ—ll'd by the Britains Kaer Lheion and Kaer Lheion ar ŵysk Kaer Lheion ar Wysk which signifies the City of the Legion on the river Usk from the Legio Secunda Augusta called also Britannica secunda This Legion instituted by Augustus and translated out of Germany into Britain by Claudius under the conduct of Vespasian to whom upon his aspiring to the Empire it prov'd serviceable and also secur'd him the British Legions was placed here at length by Julius Frontinus as seems probable in garrison against the Silures How great a City this Isca was at that time our Giraldus informs us in his Itinerary of Wales A very ancient city this was saith he and enjoy'd honourable privileges elegantly built by the Romans with * The câ—â—cuit â—f 〈◊〉 walls aâ—â— 3 miles Enderoy brick walls There are yet remaining many footsteps of its ancient splendour stately palaces which formerly with their gilded Tiles emulated the Roman grandeur for that it was at first built by the Roman nobility and adorn'd with sumptuous edifices an exceeding high tower remarkable hot †An. 16â—â— hot baâ—â—s were dâ—â—â—ver'd 〈◊〉 S. Julâ—aâ— the brâ—â—â— equilateâ—â—ly squâ—â—â— about 〈◊〉 inch tâ—â— like thâ—â— at S. Aâ—â—â—â— Mr. Aâ—â—â— baths ruins of ancient temples theatrical places encompass'd with stately walls which are partly yet standing Subterraneous edifices are frequently met with not only within the walls but also in the suburbs aqueducts vaults and which is well worth our observation Hypocausts or stoves contriv'd with admirable artifice conveying heat insensibly through some very narrow vents on the sides Two very eminent and next to St. Alban and Amphibalus the chief Protomartyrs of Britannia major lye entombed here where they were crown'd with martyrdom viz. Julius and Aaron who had also Churches dedicated to them in this City For in ancient times there were three noble Churches here One of Julius the Martyr grac'd with a Quire of Nuns devoted to God's service another dedicated to St. Aaron his companion ennobled with an excellent order of Canons and the third honour'd with the Metropolitan See of Wales Amphibalus also teacher of St. Alban who sincerely instructed him in the Faith was born here This City is excellently well seated on the navigable river Usk and beautified with meadows and woods Here the Roman Embassadors received their audience at the illustrious court of that great King Arthur And here also the Archbishop Dubricius resign'd that honour to David of Menevia by translating the Archiepiscopal See from this City thither Thus far Giraldus But in confirmation of the antiquity of this place I have taken care to add some ancient Inscriptions lately dug up there and communicated to me by the right reverend Father in God Francis Godwin Lord Bishop of Landaff a lover of venerable antiquity and all other good literature In the year 1602. some labourers digging in a meadow adjoyning found on a checquer'd pavement a statue of a person in a short-truss'd habit with a Quiver and Arrows the head hands and feet broken off and also the fragment of an Altar with this Inscription of fair large characters about three inches long erected by Haterianus Lieutenant-General of Augustus and Propraetor of the Province of Cilicia 〈…〉 HATERIANVS LEG AVG PR PR PROVINC CILIC The next year was discover'd also this Inscription which shews the Statue before mention'd to have been of the Goddess Diana and that Titus Flavius Posthumius Varus perhaps of the fifth Cohort of the second Legion had repair'd her Temple a Id est Titus Flavius Postumius Varus quintae Cohortis Legionis Secundae Augustae Templum Dianae restituit T. FL. POSTVMIVS VARVS V. C. LEG TEMPL DIANAE RESTITVIT Also this votive Altar out of which the name of the Emperour * Geta seems to have been rased when he was deposed by his brother Antoninus Bassianus â—â—e Phil. â—â—ns 〈◊〉 1â—5 and declared an enemy yet so as there are some shadows of the Letters still remaining b Id est Pro salute Augustorum nostrorum Severi Antonini Getae Caesarum Publius Saltienus Publii filius Maecia Thalamus ex hac gente aut tribu nempe Publ. Saltienus ortus est Praefectus Legionis secundae Augustae C. Vampeiano Luciliano Consulibus PRO SALVTE In printed Copies Claudius Pompeianus and Lollianus Avitus Coss An. Chr. 210. AVGG N. N. SEVERI ET ANTONINI ET GETAE CAES. P. SALTIENVS P. F. MAECIA THALAMVS HADRI PRAEF LEG II. AVG. C. VAMPEIANO ET LVCILIAN And this fragment of a very fair Altar the Inscription whereof might perhaps be thus supplied
IMP. M AURELIO ANTONINO AVC SEVER LVCII FILIO LEC. IIV VG P sic Together with these two fragments Centurio c This was lately in the School-wall at Kaêr Lheion but is now rased out †7. VECILIANA d This is in the Garden-wall at Moin's Court but the first line VIII and this character 7. are not visible See Reines Syntag. Inscr pag. 977. VIII 7. VALER MAXSIMI f Here also about the time of the Saxon Conquest was an Academy of 200 Philosophers who being skill'd in Astronomy and other Sciences observ'd accurately the courses of the Stars as we are informed by Alexander Elsebiensis a very scarce Author out of whom much has been transcrib'd for my use by the learned Thomas James Tho. James of Oxford who may deservedly be stiled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as one that is wholly intent upon Books and Learning and is at present God prosper his endeavours out of a desire of promoting the publick good busily employ'd in searching the Libraries of England on a design that is like to be of singular use to the Commonwealth of Learning In the time of K. Henry 2. when Giraldus writ this City seems to have been a place of considerable strength For we find that Yrwith of Kaer Lheion a courageous Britain defended it a long time against the English forces till at last being over-power'd by the King he was dispossest of it But now a fair instance that Cities as well as Men have their vicissitude and fortune that is become an inconsiderable small town which once was of so great extent on each side the river that they affirm St. Gilian's the house of the honourable Sir William Herbert a person no less eminent for wit and judgment than noble extraction to have been in the city and in that place the Church of Julius the Martyr is said to have stood which is now about a mile out of the town From the ruins also of this City Newport Newport had its beginning seated a little lower at the fall of the river Usk. By Giraldus 't is call'd Novus Burgus It is a town of later foundation and of considerable note for a Castle and a convenient harbour where there was formerly some Military-way mention'd by Necham in these verses Intrat auget aquas Sabrini fluminis Osca Praeceps testis erit Julia Strata mihi Increas'd with Usk does Severn rise As Julia Strata testifies That this Julia Strata was a way we have no reason to question and if we may be free to conjecture it seems not absurd to suppose it took its name from Julius Frontinus who conquer'd the Silures Not far from this Newburgh saith Giraldus there glides a small stream call'd Nant Pènkarn passable but at some certain fords not so much for the depth of its water as the hollowness of the chanel and deepness of the mud It had formerly a ford call'd Rhŷd Penkarn now of a long time discontinued Henry 2. King of England having by chance pass'd this ford the Welsh who rely too much upon old prophecies were presently discouraged because their Oracle Merlinus Sylvester had foretold that whenever a strong Prince with a freckled face such as King Henry was should pass that Ford the British Forces should be vanquish'd During the Saxon Heptarchy this County was subject to the Mountain-Welsh call'd by them Dun-settan Dun set who were yet under the government of the West-Saxons as appears by the ancient Laws At the first coming in of the Normans the Lords Marchers grievously plagued and annoy'd them especially the above-mention'd Hamelin Balun Hugh Lacy Walter and Gilbert de Clare 1 Miles of Glocester Robert Chandos Pain Fitz-John Richard Fitz-Punt and c. and Brien of Wallingford To whom the Kings having granted all they could acquire in these parts some of them reduced by degrees the upper part of this County which they call'd Over-Went and others the low lands call'd Nether-Went Parishes in this County 127. ADDITIONS to MONMOVTHSHIRE a MYnydh Kader mention'd by our Author is the name of many Mountains in Wales thus denominated as Kader Arthur Kader Verwin Kader Idris Kader Dhinmael Kader yr Ychen c. which the learned Dr. Davies supposes to have been so call'd not from their resemblance to a Kà dair or Chair but because they have been either fortified places or were look'd upon as naturally impregnable by such as first impos'd those names on them For the British Kader as well as the Irish word Kathair signifying anciently a Fort or Bulwark whence probably the modern word Kaer of the same signification might be corrupted b Lhan Lhan properly signifies a Yard or some small Inclosure as may be observ'd in compound words For we find a Vineyard call'd Gwin-lhan an Orchard Per-lhan a Hay-yard Yd-lhan a Church-yard Korph-lhan a Sheep-fold Kor-lhan c. However as Giraldus observes it denotes separately a Church or Chapel and is of common use in that sense throughout all Wales probably because such Yards or Inclosures might be places of Worship in the time of Heathenism or upon the first planting of Christianity when Churches were scarce c That this Jeffrey of Monmouth as well as most other Writers of the Monkish times abounds with Fables is not deny'd by such as contend for some authority to that History but that those Fables were of his own Invention seems too severe a censure of our Author's and scarce a just accusation since we find most or all of them in that British History he translated whereof an ancient copy may be seen in the Library of Jesus-College at Oxford which concludes to this effect Walter Arch-Deacon of Oxford composed this Book in Latin out of British Records which he afterwards thus render'd into modern British We find also many of the same Fables in Ninnius who writ his Eulogium Britanniae about three hundred years before this Galfridus Arturius compos'd the British History As to the regard due to that History in general the judicious Reader may consult Dr. Powel's Epistle De Britannica Historia rectè intelligenda and Dr. Davies's Preface to his British Lexicon and ballance them with the arguments and authority of those that wholly reject them Near Monmouth stands a noble House built by his Grace Henry Duke of Beaufort call'd Troy the residence of his eldest son Charles Marquiss of Worcester who is owner of it and of the Castle and Manour of Monmouth settled upon him with other large possessions in this County by the Duke his father e The English names of Went-set Wentse◠c. and Wents land have their origin from the British word Gwent whereby almost all this Country and part of Glocestershire and Herefordshire were call'd till Wales was divided into Counties But it seems questionable whether that name Gwent be owing to the City Venta or whether the Romans might not call this City Venta Silurum as well as that of the Iceni and that other of the Belgae
cover the passes of rivers or friths ‖ Taâ—â— An◠〈◊〉 xâ—◠〈◊〉 magâ—â—ne prakâ—â—teâ— c. agit pâ—â—amneâ— Eupâ—â—tem pâ—â— catâ—n iâ— prâ—â—â— Bartâ—â— in quâ—â—â— xa c. long 〈◊〉 meaâ—â—â— quaâ—s contâ—â—â— sagitâ—â—â— jacta aâ— aequâ—â—atur as that into Anglesey out of this County 't is evident they were not used here on that occasion for if so the British army had not been posted on the opposite shore to receive the Romans as Tacitus Annal. 14. expresly tells us they were but had been compell'd to a farther distance It seems very probable that the brass Axes found at St. Michael's Mount in Cornwal were of this kind because there were found with them certain Arms of the same metal like short swords or daggers such as we find also in these parts and have mention'd in the last County Of those Mr. Camden's opinion was that they were British and indeed it 's not to be doubted but that they were so if the brass Arms he mentions were really swords as he supposes for no man will imagine that the Romans used swords of that metal and that being granted 't will be scarce questionable but the Axes and Spear-heads he mentions to be lodg'd with them belong'd to the same Nation For my own part I must confess that for a long time I suspected these instruments Roman supposing them too artificial to have been made by the Britains before the Romans civiliz'd them and that they were not swords c. but intended for some other uses But seeing they had gold and silver coyns before that time as all Antiquaries allow and that 't is scarce questionable but the golden Torquis described in the last County was theirs and also that Pliny tells us the Druids cut down their Misseltoe with golden sickles I know not but they might have more arts than we commonly allow them and therefore must suspend my judgment ¶ There are in this County as also in the other Provinces of North-Wales several remarkable old forts and such stone-monuments as we have noted in the Counties of Caer-Mardhin Penbroke and Cardigan whereof because I have taken no description my self I shall here insert for the satisfaction of the curious some short notes on this subject out of a MS. written by a person of Quality in the reign of King Charles 1. and communicated to me by my worthy friend Mr. Griffith Jones School-master of Lhan Rŵst On the top of Pènmaen stands a lofty and impregnable Hill call d Braich y Dhinas where we find the ruinous walls of an exceeding strong fortification encompass'd with a treble wall and within each wall the foundation of at least a hundred towers all round and of equal bigness and about six yards diameter within the walls The walls of this Dinas were in most places two yards thick and in some about three This castle seems when it stood impregnable there being no way to offer any assault to it the hill being so very high steep and rocky and the walls of such strength The way or entrance into it ascends with many turnings so that a hundred men might defend themselves against a whole Legion and yet it should seem that there were Lodgings within these walls for 20000 men At the summit of this rock within the innermost wall there 's a Well which affords plenty of water even in the dryest summers By the tradition we receive from our Ancestors this was the strongest and safest refuge or place of defence the ancient Britains had in all Snowdon to secure them from the incursions of their enemies Moreover the greatness of the work shews it was a princely fortification strengthen'd by nature and workmanship seated on the top of one of the highest mountaiâ—â—f that part of Snowdon which lies towards the Sea About a mile from this fortification stands the most remarkable monument in all Snowdon call d Y Meineu hirion upon the plain mountain within the parish of Dwy Gyvylcheu above Gŵdhw glâs It 's a circular entrenchment about 26 yards diameter on the out-side whereof there are certain rude stone-pillars pitch'd on end of which about 12 are now standing some 2 yards others 5 foot high and these are again encompass'd with a stone wall It stands upon the plain mountain as soon as we come to the height having much even ground about it and not far from it there are three other large stones pitch'd on end in a triangular form About three furlongs from this monument there are several such vast heaps of small stones as we call Karnedheu concerning which the tradition is that a memorable battel was fought near this place betwixt the Romans and Britains wherein after much slaughter on both sides the latter remaining conquerours buried their dead in heaps casting these stones on them partly to prevent the wild boars which in those times were common in these parts from digging up their bodies and partly as a memorial to posterity that the bodies of men lay there interr'd There are also about these heaps or Karnedheu several graves which have stones pitch'd on end about them and are cover'd with one or two large ones These are presumed to be the monuments of the Commanders or greatest persons then flain in battel but having nothing to inform us herein we must rely on tradition and conjecture c. At present this County gives the title of Earl Earl to the right honourable Charles Dormer ANGLESEY WE have already observ'd that the County of Caernarvon we last survey'd deriv'd it's name from the chief Town therein and that the Town borrow'd that name also from the Island Mona which lies opposite to it It remains now whereas we formerly not so properly plac'd it among the Islands that we restore that tract to its right place and describe it in order seeing it enjoys also and not undeservedly the title of a County This Island was call'd by the Romans Mona in British Môn and Tir Môn i.e. the Land of Mon and Ynys dowylh or the shady Island by the old Saxons Moneg and in latter times when reduced by the English Engles ea and Anglesey i.e. the English Island 'T is divided from the Continent of Britain by the narrow frith of Meneu David's â—â—â—nâ—eshire and on all other sides wash'd by that raging Irish sea It is of an irregular form and extended in length from east to west 20 miles 〈…〉 is 〈…〉 â—1 and where broadest about 17. This Land saith Giraldus although as to outward appearance it may seem a dry rocky and unpleasant country not unlike that of Pebidiog near St. David's is yet as to the quality of the soil much otherwise for 't is incomparably the most fruitful country for wheat in all Wales insomuch that in the Welsh language it 's proverbially said of it Môn mam Gymry i.e. Môn the Nursery of Wales because when other Countries fail'd this alone by the richness of the soil and the plentiful harvests it produced was wont
original Charter it self still extant in the Cottonian Library and publisht by Sir Roger Twisden at the end of the Hist Eccles Sim Dunelm abundantly testifie 684 gave with the ground three miles round it to S. Cuthbert by whom it came to the Church of Durham Scarce four miles from hence Sherry-hutton Sherry-hutton a very neat Castle built by 9 Sir Bertrand Bulmer Bertrand de Bulmer and repair'd by Ralph Nevill first Earl of Westmorland is pleasantly seated among the woods near which is †This Castle was a great part of it lately burnt down Hinderskell Hinderskel a Castle built by the Barons of Greystock which others call ‖ Centum fontes Hunderd-skell from the many fountains that spring there Behind the hills to the Westward where the Country falls again into a level and the fields are more fruitful North Alvertonshire lyes Alvertonshire commonly North-Allerton a small territory water'd by the little river Wiske It takes its name from the town of Northalverton formerly Ealfertun which is nothing but a long street yet the most throng Beast-fair upon St. Bartholomew's day that ever I saw King William Rufus gave this place with the fields about it to the Church of Durham to the Bishops whereof it is much obliged For William Comin who forcibly possess'd himself of the See of Durham built the Castle there and gave it to his nephew which is almost decay'd The Bishops likewise his Successors endow'd it with some privileges For in the Book of Durham Cap. 1â— we find that Hugh de Puteaco Bishop of Durham fortified the Town having obtain'd this favour of the King that of all those unlawful Castles which by his order were then destroy'd up and down throughout England this alone should still be permitted to remain entire which notwithstanding the King afterwards commanded to be rased 113â— and laid even with the ground The Bâ— of Staâ—â—ard Near this was fought the battel commonly call d c One part of the History written by Richard Prior of Hexham bears the title De Bello Standardi Pits de Script Angl. p. 259. The Standard wherein David King of Scotland who by his unheaâ—d of cruelty had made this Country a mere desert Hovedâ— was put to flight with such slaughter of his men that the English themselves thought their revenge then at last sufficiently completed For what Ralph the Bishop said in his Exhortation to the English befoâ—e the fight was fully effected A multitude without discipline is a hindrance to it self either to hurt when they conquer or to escape when they are conquer'd This was call'd the Battel of Standard because the English being rang'd into a body about their Standard there receiv'd and bore the onset of the Scots and at last routed them Now this Standard as I have seen it dâ—awn in old books was a huge Chariot upon wheels with a * Maâ—â— mast of great height fix'd in it on the top whereof was a cross and under that hung a banner This was a signal only us'd in the greatest Expeditions and was lookt upon as the sacred Altar being indeed the very same with the Carrocium Carrocâ—â—â— among the Italians which was never to be used but when the very Empire it self lay at stake There is farther remarkable in this division Thresk Thresk commonly Thrusk which had formerly a very strong Castle where Roger de Mowbray began his rebellion and call d in the King of Scots to the destruction of his Country King Henry the second having very unadvisedly digg'd his own grave by taking his son into an equal share of the Government and Royalty But this Sedition was at last as it were quencht with blood and the Castle utterly demolisht so that I could see nothing of it there besides the rampire Another flame of Rebellion likewise broke out here in King Henry the seventh's reign For the lawless Rabble repining most grievously at that time that a small subsidy was laid on them by the Parliament drove away the Collectors of it and forthwith as such madness upon the least success spurs on without end or aim fell here upon Henry Percie Earl of Northumberland who was Lieutenant of this County Earl of Northâ—â—berland slain by 〈◊〉 Rebels and kill'd him then under the conduct of John Egremond their Leader took up Arms against their King and Country Yet it was not long before they were brought to such heavy punishments as were due to them Here hard by stands Soureby and Brakenbak belonging to the truly ancient and famous family of Lascelles Lascellâ—â— and more to the Southward Sezay formerly the estate of the Darells after that of the Dawnies who flourish'd long under the title of Knights The first and only Earl of Yorkshire after William Mallet and one or two Estotevills Earls 〈◊〉 Dukes oâ— York both of Norman extraction whom some would have to have been hereditary Viscounts here was Otho son of Henry Leon Duke of Bavaria and Saxony An. 1 R Hovedâ— by Maud the daughter of Henry the second King of England who was afterwards greeted Emperour by the name of Otho the fourth From whose brother William another son by Maud the Dukes of Brunswick Dukes oâ— Brunsâ—â—â—â— and Lunenburgh in Germany are descended who as an instance of this relation of theirs to the Kings of England us'd the same Arms with the first Kings of England that were of Norman descent namely two Leopards or Lions Or in a Shield Gules Long after this King Richard the second made Edmund of Langley fifth son to King Edward the third Duke of York who by one of the daughters of Peter King of Castile and Leon had two sons Edward the eldest in the life time of his father was first Earl of Cambridge after that Duke of Albemarle and last of all Duke of York who without issue lost his life valiantly in the battel of Agincourt in France Richard the second son was Earl of Cambridge he married Ann sister of Edmund Mortimer Earl of March whose grandmother likewise was the only daughter and heir of Leonel Duke of Clarence and attempting to set the Crown upon the head of his wife's brother Edmund was presently found out and beheaded as if he had been hired by the French to destroy King Henry the fifth Richard his son in the sixteenth year after by the great but unwary generosity of Henry the sixth â— 10 H. was fully restored as son of Richard the brother of Edward Duke of York and Cousin German to Edmund Earl of March. And now being Duke of York Earl of March and Ulster Lord of Wigmore Clare Trim and Conaght he grew to that pitch of boldness that whereas formerly he had sought the Kingdom privately by ill practices complaining of male-administration dispersing seditious rumours and libels entring into secret combinations by raising broils next to wars against the Government at last he claims it publickly
called Balineum as appears from this Inscription which was hence convey'd to Connington to the house of the most famous and learned Sir Robert Cotton Knight DAE .. FORTVNAE Instead of Deae Fortunae VIRIVS LVPVS LEG AVG PR PR BALINEVM VI IGNIS EXVST VM COH I. THR ACVM REST ITVIT CVRANTE VAL. FRON TONE PRAE F EQ ALAE VETTO Here I must correct an errour in those who from a false draught of this Inscription which has it Balingium corruptly for Balineum imagine the place to have been call'd Balingium whereas upon a close inspection it is plainly Balineum in the stone a word used for Balneum by the ancients as the learned know very well who are not ignorant that Baths were as much us'd by the Souldiers as any others both for the sake of health and cleanliness for daily in that age they were wont to wash before they eat and also that Baths both publick and private were built at such a lavish rate every where Seneca See Flintshire that any one thought himself poor and mean that had not the walls of his Bath adorn'd with great and costly * Orbibus Rosses In these men and women washed promiscuously together tho' that was often prohibited both by the Laws of the Emperours and Synodical Decrees In the decline of the Roman Empire a †Numerus Exploratorum Band of the Exploratores with their Praefect under the command of the * Dacis Britanniae Captain of Britain had their station here as is manifest from the Notitia where it is nam'd Lavatres Now seeing these Baths were also call'd Lavacra by the Latins perhaps some Critick or other will imagine that this place was call'd Lavatrae instead of Lavacra yet I should rather derive it from that little river running hard by which I hear is call'd Laver. This modern name Bowes seeing the old Town was burnt to the ground according to a tradition among the Inhabitants seems to me to be deriv'd from that accident For that which is burnt with fire is call'd by the Britains Boeth and so the Suburbs of Chester beyond the Dee call'd by the English Hanbridge is nam'd by the Welsh or Britains from its being burnt down in a Welsh in-road Treboth that is a little town burnt Here begins that mountainous and vast tract always expos'd to winds and rain which from its being rough and stony is call'd by the Inhabitants Stanemore Stanemore for it is quite throughout solitary but for one Inn in the middle of it for the entertainment of Travellers 5 Call'd the Spittle on Stane more Spittle on Stanemore and near this is the remainder of a Cross which we call Rere-cross Rere-cross and the Scots Rei-cross that is a Royal Cross Hector Boetius a Scotchman says this stone was set as a boundary between England and Scotland when William the first gave Cumberland to the Scots upon this condition that they should hold it of him by fealty and attempt nothing that might be to the prejudice of the Crown of England Somewhat lower just by the Roman Military way was a small Roman Fort of a square form which is now call'd Maiden-castle Maiden-castle From hence as I had it from the Borderers this Military Roman way went with many windings to Caer Vorran As the favour of Princes inclin'd there have been several Earls of Richmond Earls of Richmond and of different families of whom with as much accuracy and clearness as I can I will give this following account in their due order 6 The first Earls were out of the house of Little Britain in France whose descent is confusedly intricate amongst their own Writers for that there were two principal Earls at once one of Haulte Britain and another of Base Britain for many years and every one of their children had their part in Gavelkind and were stil'd Earls of Britain without distinction But of these the first Earl of Richmond according to our Writings and Records was Alane sirnam'd Feregaunt that is The Red son of Hoel Earl of Britain descended from Hawise great Aunt to William the Conquerour who gave this Country unto him by name of the Lands of Earl Eadwin in Yorkshire and withal bestowed his daughter upon him by whom he had no issue He built Richmond-castle as is before specified to defend himself from disinherited and out-law'd English men in those parts and dying left Britain to his son Conan le Grosse by a second wife But Alane the Black son of Eudo son of Geffrey Earl of Britain and Hawise aforesaid succeeded in Richmond and he having no child left it to Stephen his brother This Stephen begat Alane sirnam'd Le Sâ—vage his son and successour who assisted King Stephen against Maude the Empress in the battel at Lincoln and married Bertha one of the heirs of Conan le Gross Earl of Hault Britain by whom he had Conan le Perit Earl of both Britains by hereditary right as well as of Richmond He by the assistance of K. Henry the second of England dispossessed Eudo Vicount of Porhoet his father-in-law who usurp'd the title of Britain in right of the said Bertha his wife and ended his life leaving only one daughter Constance by Margaret sister to Malcolme King of the Scots Geffrey third son to King Henry the second of England was advanced by his father to the marriage of the said Constance whereby he was Earl of Britain and Richmond and begat of her Arthur who succeeded him and as the French write was made away by King John his Uncle Alan Rufus Earl of Britain in Armorica Alan Niger to whom William the Conquerour gave this shire Stephen Earl of Britain his brother Alan Earl of Britain About this time Overus de St. Martino is mention'd as Earl of Richmond the son of Stephen Conanus Earl of Britain his son who by the assistance of Henry the second King of England recover'd Britain from his Father-in-law the Sheriff of Porhoet possessed of it Geoffrey Plantagenet son of Henry the second King of England who first married Constantia only daughter of Conanus Arthur his son who is said to have been made away by King John Upon this account John was certainly impeach'd by the French as Duke of Normandy who pass'd Sentence upon him tho' he was absent unheard had made no confession and was not convict Normandâ— taken froâ— the King 〈◊〉 England so they adjudg'd him depriv'd of Normandy and his hereditary Lands in France Whereas he had publickly promis'd to stand to the judgment of Paris and answer to the death of Arthur who as his liege subject had taken an oath of Allegiance to him yet had broken the same raised a rebellion and was taken prisoner in the war In these times the question was bandied Whether the Peers of France could be Judges of a King anointed and by consequence their Superiour seeing every greater dignity as it
flower and fruit Both Gerard and Parkinson make two Plants of it Valeriana Graeca Ger. Park Graeca quorundam colore caeruleo albo J. B. caerulea C. B. Greek Valerian which the vulgar call Ladder to Heaven and Jacob's Ladder Found by Dr. Lister in Carleton beck in the falling of it into the river Are but more plentifully both with a blue flower and a white about Malham-cove in the Wood on the left hand of the water as you go to the Cove plentifully as also at Cordill or the Whern a remarkable Cove where there comes out a great stream of water near the said Malham To these I shall add a Plant which tho' perchance it be not originally native of this County yet is planted and cultivated in large Gardens at Pontefraict for sale and hath been taken notic of by Camden and Speed that is Glycyrrhiza vulgaris Ger. emac. vulg siliquosa Park siliquosa vel Germanica C. B. radice repente vulgaris Germanica J. B. Common Liquorice The quality of this Plant in taking away the sence of hunger and thirst we have taken notice of in Cambridgeshire-Catalogue The BISHOPRICK of DVRHAM THE Bishoprick of Durham or Duresme bordering upon Yorkshire on the North is shap d like a Triangle the utmost Angle whereof lies to the Westward made there by a contact of the North boundary and the Tees's head That side of it towards the South is bounded all along by the course of the river Tees The other which lyes Northward is at first mark'd out by a short line from the outmost point to the river Derwent and thence by the Derwent it self until it receives the little river Chopwell and after that by the river Tine The basis of this triangle which lyes Eastward is made by the Sea-shore which is wash'd by the German Ocean with great rage and violence In that part where it contracts it self into an angle the fields are naked the woods very thin and the hills bald but not without veins of Iron in them but the vales produce grass pretty well for the Appennine of England which I have already spoke of cuts it at this angle But on the East part or the basis of this triangle as also at the sides of it the ground is made very f uitful by tillage and the return of it answerable to the pains of the husbandman being enamell'd with Meadows Pastures and Corn-fields thick set with Towns in all parts of it and very productive of Sea-coal which we use for fewel in many places Some would have this Sea-coal to be a black earthy bitumen others to be Jeat and others the Lapis Thracius Sea-coal all which that great Master of Mineral learning Georgius Agricola proves to be the very same For certain this of ours is nothing but bitumen harden'd and concocted by heat under ground for it casts the same smell that bitumen does and if water be sprinkled on it it burns the hotter and the clearer but whether or no it is quench'd with oyl I have not yet try'd If the Lapis Obsidianus be in England I should take it for that which is found in other parts of this Kingdom and commonly goes by the name of Canole Coal for that is hard shining light and apt to cleave into thin flakes and to burn out as soon as it is kindled But let us leave these points to men that pry into the secrets of nature more narrowly EPJSCOPAIUS DUNELMENSIS Vulgo The Bishoprick of DURHAM By Robt. Morden â—ees â—â—â—is The river that bounds the South part of this County is call'd by the Latins Teisis and Teisa commonly Tees by Polydore an Italian who was certainly then thinking of Athesis in his own Country without any grounds Athesis by Ptolemy it seems to be call'd a 'T is very likely that in the Câ—pies we have of Ptolemy's Tables 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as some Books have it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are transplac'd the former being further north and as the learned Sir George Mackenzy has well noted Defence of the Royal Line c. p. 79 is now known by the name of the March of Angus being the Frith or Oat let of the river Tay. So that this is still to be left in Scotland however the other be dispos'd 〈…〉 ΤΟΥΑΣΙΣ and Tuesis yet I am of opinion that by the heedlessness of Transcribers it is misplac'd in him For whereas he makes the Tuesis or Tina to be in â—he remoter parts of Britain now inhabited by the Scots and the Tesis or Tina is the boundary to this County if I durst criticise upon this ancient Geographer I would recall it back hither to its proper place and that as I hope without offence to the Scots who have no rivers to which they can rightly apply these names The Tees rises in that stony ground call'd Stanemore and with the many currents which joyn it on both sides flows through rocks out of which at Egleston where C. Earl of Britain and Richmond built a Monastery they hew Marble and first it runs by Bernard-castle â—ernard-â—astle built by Bernard Balliol great grand-father to John Balliol King of Scots and denominated from him But John Balliol whom Edward the first had declar'd King of Scots lost this with other possessions in England for falling from the Allegiance he had sworn to King Edward At which time the King being displeas'd with Anthony Bishop of Durham as the History of that place tells us took this Castle with all its appurtenances from him and conferr'd it upon the Earl of Warwick Herks and Hertnes he bestow'd upon Robert Clifford Kewerston upon Galfrid de Hertlpole which the Bishop had as forfeited by J. de Balliol R. de Brus and Christopher de Seton But some few years after Ludovicus de Bellomonte the Bishop descended from the Royal Line of France who as it is written of him was but ignorant and a meer stranger to matters of Learning went to law for this Castle and other Possessions and carry'd the Cause Sentence being given in these words The Bishop of Durham ought to have the forfeitures in war within the liberties of his Bishoprick as the King has them without Near this stands Stretlham Stretlham for a long time the Seat of the famous and knightly family of the Bowes Bâ—â—es or De Arcubus who have often done great service to their King and Country in times of extremity Their pedigree is from W. de Arcubus to whom as I have read Alanus Niger Earl of Britain and Richmond gave it in these words that he should bear for his Arms the Scutcheon of Britain with three bent Bowes in it At less than five miles distance from hence and somewhat farther from the Tees is Standrope Standrope which is also call'd Stainthorp that is to say A stony village a small market-town where stood a Collegiate Church built by the Nevills which
Roman coins often dug up in it which they call Binchester-penies and for Roman Inscriptions one of which cut out thus in an Altar there I lately met with Of the Mother Goddesses see Lancashire In the year of Christ 236. Votum solvit lubens merito DEAB MATRIB Q. LO CL. QVIN TIANVS COS V. S. L. M. Another stone was lately dug up here very much defac'd with gaps which yet upon a narrow view shews this Inscription TRIB COHOR I. CARTOV MARTI VICTORI GENIO LOCI ET BONO EVENTVI I have read nothing else relating to it but what is mention'd in an old book That the Earls of Northumberland tore this with other villages from the Church when that cursed lust after gold swallow'd up the sacred revenues of the Church On the other side of the Were among the hills we see Branspeth-castle Branspeth-castle built by the Bulmers and by a daughter of Bernard Bulmer marry'd to Galfrid Nevill added with other great possessions to the family of the Nevills h A little lower the Were has many huge stones in the chanel of it never cover'd but when the river is overflow'd by rain upon these if you pour water and it mix and temper a while upon the stone it becomes thereupon saltish a thing to be effected no where else Nay at Butterby a little village when the river is shallow and fallen from those stones in the summer time Salt stones there bursts out of them a reddish salt water which grows so white and hard by the heat of the sun that they who live thereabouts take it up and use it for salt Now the river as if it design'd to make an island goes almost quite round the chief city of this County seated on a hill upon which account it was call'd Dunholm by the Saxons Dunholâ— Durhaâ— or Dâ—â—â— For as we may infer from Bede they call'd a hill Dun and a River Island holme From hence the Latins call it Dunelmâ—m but the common name is very corruptly Durham The town stands high and is very strong but is of no great compass lying in a kind of oval form enclos'd quite round by the river except on the north part and fortify'd with walls besides In the south part almost where the river winds it self back again stands the Cathedral Church which with its spires and tower-steeple makes a fine show In the heart of the town stands the castle almost in the middle between two stone bridges the one upon the river on the east side the other on the west From the castle northward lies the market-place and S. Nicholas's Church from whence there shoots out a suburbs to the north-east for a good way within a winding of the river as likewise others on both sides beyond the river leading towards the bridges each of which has its particular and distinct Church The original of this town is not very ancient For when the Monks of Lindisfarn were disquieted in the Danish wars and forc'd by that people to wander up and down with the reliques of S. Cuthbert at last if we may believe it being admonish'd by an oracle they fix'd and settl'd here about the year of Christ 995. But take this relation from my Durham-Author himself All the people following the corps of our most holy father Cuthbert came to Durham a place strong by nature and scarce habitable enclos'd quite round with a very thick wood and in the middle only a small plain which they us'd to plough up and sow where Bishop Aldwin afterwards built a pretty large Church of stone The said Prelate therefore with the help of all the people and the assistance of Uthred Earl of the Northumbrians fell'd and grubb'd up all this wood and in a short time made the place habitable Lastly from the river Coqued to the very Tees there was no body but came in readily both to help forward this work and also afterwards to build the Church and till it was finish'd ceas'd not with great zeal to follow it The wood being thus routed up and every one as his lot fell having a house assign'd him the aforesaid Bishop out of zeal to Christ and S. Cuthbert began to build a handsome pretty large Church and endeavour'd with great application to finish it Thus far my Author i Not many years after those of the English who could not endure the Norman Empire trusting to the strength of this place made it the seat of war and gave William the Conquerour no small disturbance from it For Guilielmus Gemeticensis writes That they went into a part of the County inaccessible by reason of woods and waters building a castle with a strong rampire round it which they call'd Dunholm Out of this they made frequent sallies and kept themselves close there waiting for King Sueno the Dane's coming But things not happening as they had expected they took themselves to flight and William the Conquerour coming to Durham granted many privileges to secure and confirm the liberties of the Church and built the castle already mention'd upon a higher part of the hill which afterwards became a habitation for the Bishops and the Keys of it when that See was vacant by an old custom were wont to be hung upon St. Cuthbert's Sepulcher When this castle was new built William of Malmesbury who liv'd about that time gives us this description of the City Durham is a hill rising by little and little from one plain of the valley by an easie and slow ascent to the very top and notwithstanding by its rugged situation and craggy precipices the access to it be cut off on all sides yet lately they have built a castle upon the hill At the very foot and bottom of the castle runs an excellent river for fish especially Salmon Almost at the same time as that old book has it William de Carelepho the Bishop who resettled Monks here for their Cloisters had been every where subverted by the Danes having pull'd down that Church which Aldwin had built began another more stately which was finish'd by Radulph his successor and enlarg'd with other buildings by Nicholas Fernham the Bishop and Thomas Melscomb the Prior in the year 1242. A pretty while after that William Skirlaw the Bishop rais'd a neat building on the west part of the Church which they call Gallilee 〈◊〉 whither they transferr'd the marble tomb of Venerable Bede In which place Hugh de Puteaco formerly began a piece of building where Women these are the words of an old book might lawfully enter and those who might not personally take a view of the secrets of the holy places might nevertheless have some comfort from the view and contemplation of the Saints This same Bishop Ralph as our Historian relates converted all that space of ground between the Church and the Castle where many houses stood into a plain field lest the Church should either be defil'd by the dirt or endanger'd by the fire of the town
head of James that heroick Earl of Derby cut off at Bolton in this County October 15. 1651. by the prevailing power of the Parliament Near Lathom-park in the grounds of the Earl of Derby there is a mineral-water or spaw as deeply impregnated with the Iron and Vitriol minerals as any either in this County or Yorkshire The want of convenient Lodging and other accommodations make it less frequentâ—d but 't is certain it has done some notable cures one particularly which an ingenious Gentleman of this County affirms upon his own certain knowledge to have been one of the greatest and quickest that ever he knew done by any such water i In Haigh Hâ—igh near Wiggin in the grounds of Sir Roger Bradshaigh there are very plentiful and profitable mines of an extraordinary Coal Besides the clear flame it yeilds in burning it has been curiously polish'd into the appearance of black marble and fram'd into large Candlesticks Sugar-boxes Spoons with many other such sorts of vessels which have been presented as curiosities and met with very good acceptance both in London and beyond sea North from hence lyes Whittle Whittle near Chorley where in the grounds of Sir Richard Standish a mine of lead has been lately found and wrought with good success possibly the first that has been wrought in this County And near the same place is a plentiful quarry of Mill-stones no less memorable than those mention'd by our Author in the Peake of Derby Within a mile and a half of Wiggin is a Well Bâ—rning-Well which does not appear to be a spring but rather rain-water At first sight there 's nothing about it that seems extraordinary but upon emptying it there presently breaks out a sulphureous vapour which makes the water bubble up as if it boyl'd A Candle being put to it it presently takes fire and burns like brandy The flame in a calm season will continue sometimes a whole day by the heat whereof they can boyl eggs meat c tho' the water it self be cold By this bubbling the water does not encrease but is only kept in motion by the constant Halitus of the vapours breaking out The same water taken out of the Well will not burn as neither the mud upon which the Halitus has beat k Of the plant call'd Clowdesbery mention'd by our Author I have the following account from Mr. Nicollon Some of our Botanists have given it the name of Vaccinia nubis but the more common and better is Chamaemorus for 't is a dwarf-mulberry It is not peculiar to Pendle-hill but grows plentifully on the boggy tops of most of the high mountains both in England and Scotland In Norway also and other Northern Countries it is plentiful enough Instead of Gerard's mistaken name of Clowdberry the Northern peasants call it Cnout-berry and have a tradition that the Danish King Knute being God knows when distress'd for some time in these wasts was reliev'd by feeding upon these dainties I know not whether it will countenance the story to observe that this King's name is in our ancient Records †See Selden's Titles of Honour p. 501. sometimes written Knout But this berry is not the only edible that bears his name to this day for in this County 't is said they have a bird of a luscious taste ‖ Drayt. Poly olb p. 112. which in remembrance of King Cnute they call the Knot-bird l Next we come to the north side the scanty account whereof given by our Author is here supply'd mostly by the informations of the worshipful Sir Daniel Flemming of Ridal in Westmorland a great ornament to his Country and very well verst in the subject of Antiquities As the Island Foulney is so call'd from the great store of Fowl usually there so may this whole tract he nam'd Furness Furness or Fournage from the many Furnaces therein in old time as the Rents and Services paid for them do testifie For many Tenants in this County still pay a Rent call'd Bloom Smithy-Rent The 3 Sands Sands are very dangerous to Travellers both by reason of the uncertainty of the Tides which are quicker and flower according as the winds blow more or less from the Irish-sea and also of the many quick-sands caus'd principally by much rainy weather Upon which account there is a guide on horse-back appointed to each Sand for the direction of such persons as shall have occasion to pass over and each of the three has a yearly Salary paid him out of his Majesty's revenue Windermere Charr s. See the Additions to Westmorland m The greatest Lake in those parts is Winander-mere wherein the Charr mention'd by our Author is a sort of golden Alpine Trout and to be had in other of our Northern Lakes as Ulles-water Butter-meer c. as well as here They have also the same fish in some parts of North-Wales where 't is call'd Tor-goch or Red-belly Where our Author had the story of Eathred is hard to guess it is probable Roger Hovden was his Author who possibly is the only Historian that mentions it However it does not look very plausible for this Eathred or Ethelred was himself King Aelfwold's son Gleston n Within the Manour of Aldingham is Gleston-Castle which has been very large and firm having four strong towers of a great height besides many other buildings with very thick walls To observe it here once for all many persons of quality especially towards Scotland had either Castles or Towers to dwell in to defend themselves and their Tenants from the inroads of the Scots Anciently they had their houses kernell'd fortify'd or embattel'd and divers Commissions have been awarded in pursuance of the Stat. 2 and 3 P. M cap. 1. unto certain persons to enquire what and how many Castles Fortresses c. have been decay'd what are fit to be re-edify'd and how many new ones necessary to be erected This of Gleston is seated in a fertile vale amongst rich meadows and shelter'd from the Sea by fruitful hills all which render it one of the most pleasant seats in this Country o Hard by Dudden-sands is Kirkby-Ireleth Kâ—rby-Iâ—eleth the Manour-house whereof Kirkby-Cross-house so call'd from a Cross plac'd before the gates the top of which was broke off as 't is said by Archbishop Sandys's order is a stately seat giving name to the Kirkbys who have been Lords of it ever since the Conquest the present owner is Colonel Roger Kirkby Near the river Dudden lyes Broughton Broughton formerly the chief seat of a family of that name till in the reign of Henry 7. it was forfeited for Treason by Sir Thomas Broughton Knight who then took part with the counterfeit Plantagenet that landed in Fourness And here it may not be improper to observe a mistake in the History of that King's reign where 't is affirm'd that Sir Tho. Broughton was slain at Stokefield whereas in truth he escap'd from that battel to
and sent for Aidan a Scotchman to instruct his people in the Christian Religion The place where the Victory was obtain'd was afterwards call'd Heafenfeld â—â—fâ—nfeld â— Haleâ— or Heaven field which now in the same sense as some will have it is nam'd Haledon Whereon Oswalds Life gives us the following piece of Meter Tunc primùm scivit causam cur nomen haberet Heafenfeld hoc est coelestis Campus illi Nomen ab Antiquo dedit appellatio gentis Praeteritae tanquam belli praesaga futuri Nominis Caussam mox assignavit ibidem Coelitùs expugnans coelestis turba scelestam Neve senectutis ignavia posset honorem Tam celebris delere loci tantique Triumphi Ecclesiae Fratres Haugustaldensis adesse Devoti Christúmque solent celebrare quotannis Quóque loci persestat honos in honore beati Oswaldi Regis ibi construxere Capellam And now he understood whence Heavenfeld came Call'd in old time by that prophetick name For now the reason of the name was given When Hell 's vile Troops were overcome by Heaven But least devouring Ages should deface The glorious triumph of the sacred place The Monks of old Hagustald every year Do meet and joyn in their devotions here And that great Oswald's fame should never dye They 've rais'd a Chapel to his memory And another for his Commendation well enough for the barbarous Age he liv'd in writes thus Quis fuit Alcides Quis Caesar Julius Aut quis Magnus Alexander Alcides se superâsse Fertur Alexander Mundum sed Julius hostem Se simul Oswaldus Mundum vicit hostem m Caesar and Hercules applaud thy fame And Alexander owns thy greater name Tho' one himself one foes and one the world o're-came Great conquests all but bounteous Heav'n in thee To make a greater joyn'd the former three Below S. Oswald's both Tines meet after South-Tine which goes along with the Wall at about two miles distance from it has pass'd by Langley-Castle where formerly 〈◊〉 Neâ— in the Reign of King John Adam de Tindale had his Barony which afterwards descended upon Nicholas de Bolteby and was lately in the possession of the Percies and has slidden under a tottering and crazy wooden Bridge at Aidon And now the whole Tine being well grown and still encreasing presses foward in one Chanel for the Ocean running by Hexam Hexam which Bede calls Haugustald and the Saxons Hextoldesham That this was the Axelodunum Axelâ—dunum of the Romans where the first Cohort of the Spaniards were in garison the name implies and so does its situation on the rising of a hill for the Britains call'd such a Mount Dunum Dunum But take an account of this place from Richard its Prior who liv'd above five hundred years ago n Not far from the Southern bank of the river Tine stands a Town of a small extent indeed at present and but thinly inhabited but as the remaining marks of its ancient state will testifie heretofore very large and magnificent This place is call'd Hextoldesham from the little rivulet of Hextold which runs by and sometimes suddenly overflows it In the year 675. Etheldreda wife to King Egfrid assign'd it for an Episcopal See to S. Wilfrid who built here a Church which for a curious and most beautiful Fabrick surpass'd all the Monasteries in England See also what Malmesbury has written of it This was Crown-Land till Bishop Wilfrid chang'd others for it with Queen Etheldreda 'T was wonderful to see what towering Buildings were there erected how admirably contriv'd with winding stairs by Masons brought in prospect of his great Liberality from Rome Insomuch that they seem'd to vye with the Roman pomp and long out-struggled even time it self At which time King Egfrid made this little City a Bishop's Seat But that Honour after the i There were twelve several Bishops of Hexham besides S. Cuthbert who might brobably be reckon'd for a thirteenth For he is said to have been both elected and consâ—crated to â—hat See though he did not think fit to take the charge upon him eighth Bishop was wholly lost the Danish wars prevailing Afterwards it was only reckon'd a Manour of the Archbishop's of York till they parted with their right in an exchange made with Henry the eighth 'T is also famous for the bloody Battel wherein John Nevil Lord Montacute very bravely engag'd and as fortunately vanquish'd the Generals of the House of Lancaster and for so doing was created Earl of Northumberland by Edward the fourth At present its only glory is the old Monastery part whereof is turn'd into the fair house of k It was since part of the estate of Sir John Fenwick who sold it to Sir William Blacket of Newcastle Baronet Sir J. Foster Knight The West-end of the Church is demolish'd The rest stands still entire and is a very stately Structure in the Quire whereof may be seen an old Tomb of a Person of Honour of the Martial Family of the Umfranvils Men buried cross legg'd as his Coat of Arms witnesses lying with his Legs across By the way in that posture it was then the custom to bury such only as had taken the Cross upon them being under that Banner engag'd in the Holy War for the recovery of the Holy-Land out of the Hands of the Mahometans Near the East-end of the Church on a rising brow stand two strong Bulwarks of hew'n-stone which I was told belong to the Archbishop of York From hence Eastward we pass'd on to Dilston Dilston the Seat of the Ratcliffs call'd in old Books Devilston from a small brook which here empties it self into Tine and which Bede names Devil's burn where as he writes Oswald arm'd with Christian Faith in a fair field slew Cedwall the Britain Bede l 3. c. 1 that wretched Tyrant who before had slain two Kings of Northumberland and miserably wasted their Country o On the other bank of Tine stands Curia Ottadinorum mention'd by Ptolemy Ninius calls it Curia which by the distances should seem to be Antonine's l Read Corstopilum For so says H. Surita's Edition both in the Text and Comment Corstopitum 't is now call'd Corbridge Corbridge from the Bridge here built by Hoveden Corobrige and by Henry of Huntingdon Cure At this day it has nothing remarkable but a Church and a little Tower-house built and inhabited by the Vicars of the place Yet there are many ruins of ancient buildings Treasure sought in vain Hoveden Tacitus amongst which King John search'd for some old hidden Treasure but Fortune favour'd him no more in this vain quest than she did Nero in his Enquiries after the conceal'd riches of Dido at Carthage For he found nothing but stones mark'd with Brass Iron Lead p Whoever views the neighbouring heap of rubbish which is now call'd Colecester Colecester will readily conclude it to have been a Roman Fort. Upon the same bank we saw the fair Castle of Biwell
the Inscription gives to the placing of Bremenium Bremenium at Rochester I still fancy Brampton in Gillesland was the place as our Author himself sometime thought Brampton in Northumberland to be The distance from this Brampton to Corbridge is as agreeable as from Rochester and 't is gratis dictum and ought to be well prov'd before the weight of the Objection can be taken off that the words id est à vallo are an Interpolation of the Transcribers h We may be allow'd to remark here what a person of great honour and skill in our English Antiquities has noted before that the old Ballad of Chevy-Chase Chevy-Chase Sir Philip Sydney's Delight has no other foundation for its story save only the Battel of Otterburn There was never any other Percy engag'd against a Douglass but this Henry who was indeed Heir to the Earl of Northumberland but never liv'd to enjoy the Honour himself Sir John Froyssart who liv'd at the time gives the fullest account of this Battel but says 't was Earl James Douglas who was the Scotish General i Riese in the German Language does signifie a Gyant as our Author observes But I doubt whether our Saxons used the word or if they did whether the name of this place imports any more than its situation on a high and rising ground Most of the Villages in these parts were anciently so placed though afterwards the Inhabitants drew down into the Valleys k Chipches Chipches is now the Seat of Sir John Heron Baronet whose Ancestors have for many and many Generations been of eminent note in this County 'T is true we meet with their name variously spell'd in our Histories and Records as Hairun Heyrun Heirun c. Amongst whom William Heyrun was for eleven years together Sheriff of this County in the reign of Henry the third And some of our Histories seem to hint that he was well enrich'd by the Preferment The Family afterwards was branch'd out into the Herons of Netherton Meldon c. l As to the story of Oswald Oswald Bede indeed seems to say the Battel was against Cedwall but Matthew of Westminster says it was fought against Penda King of the Mercians who was at that time General of Cadwalline's Forces And the story of setting up the Banner of the Christian Faith must be understood to be in Berniciorum Gente as Bede says in the place cited if it have any truth in it For Christianity was some years before planted in the Kingdom of Northumberland by Paulinus and a Church was built at York by King Edwin Oswald's Predecessor But when all 's done this remark is not in the Saxon Paraphrase of Bede's History so that we have reason to look upon it as a spurious Corruption It does indeed contradict the account which himself elsewhere gives of Paulinus's baptizing great numbers in these very parts which surely was Fidei Christianae signum See the Note on Yeverin Nor was Heavenfield the place where the Battel was fought and as is here asserted the Victory obtain'd for â—hat was done at another place in the neighbourhood which Bede calls Denises burna and which our Author as we shall see anon takes to be Dilston The Writer of Oswald's Life 't is true supposes this to have been the Scene of the Action tho' Bede says only that here was the Cross erected and here afterwards the Chapel built m 'T is no wonder to find a deal of Poets and a great deal they are that have written in the praise of S. Oswald His introducing of Christianity was not the thing that rais'd his credit for so much King Edwin had done before him but his chief stock of Merit consisted in his bringing in Monkery along with it 'T was this that gave him so considerable a figure amongst the men of the Cloyster and advanc'd him to a like honour with what his name-sake-Saint of York attain'd to afterwards n The Prior's account of the place is much fuller than our Author has thought fit here to give it He is very particular in his description of the Church's Fabrick in its Walls Roof Cieling Stairs Pillars c. and at last concludes That no such stately structure was at that time to be met with on this side the Alpes Which latter part of its Character is also confirm'd by Will of Malmesb. de Gest. Pontif. lib. 3. Prior Richard informs us also at large what Immunities and Privileges were granted by our Saxon Kings to this Church how well they were secur'd to her how far the bounds of her Fridstol or Sanctuary extended c. All which the Reader may see in his Hist. lib. 1. cap. 3 5. lib. 2. cap. 3. 14. o All the Latin Copies of Bede that I have seen say Oswad's victory was in loco qui linguâ Anglorum Denises burna vocatur And the Saxon Copies of King Aelfred's Paraphrase have denisses denisces and denises burna The Saxon Chronicle has not recorded this story Sir Francis Ratcliff Baronet the present Proprietor of the place is now Baron of Dilston Viscount Langley and Earl of Derwent-water not in Yorkshire as a late Writer of the state of England asserts but in Cumberland p Though King John could meet with no Discoveries at Corbridge Corbridge there was a considerable one accidentally made here about four years ago The bank of a small Torrent being worn by some sudden showers the Skeleton of a Man appear'd of a very extraordinary and prodigious size The length of its thigh-bone was within a very little of two yards the skull teeth and other parts proportionably monstrous So that by a fair computation the true length of the whole body has been reckon'd at seven yards Some parts of it are still in the possession of the right honourable the Earl of Derwent-water at Dilston but his Lordship having had no notice of the thing till 't was in a great measure squander'd and lost by the unthinking discoverers the Rarity is not so compleat as whoever sees the remains of it will heartily wish it were The like bones are reported to have been frequently discover'd on the the shore near Alnmouth in this County all of 'em at a greater depth in the ground than they can well be imagin'd ever to have been buried q From Newcastle New-castle down to a little within the Bar of Tinmouth which is a sand that lies cross the river's mouth not above 7 foot deep at low water the chanel is good and secure but there you meet with a deal of Rocks which they call the Black Middins very dangerous To prevent much of the mischief which might happen among these in the night-time there are two Light-houses maintain'd by the Trinity-house in Newcastle near which was built Clifford's Fort in the year 1672. which effectually commands all Vessels that enter the River r There are in this Town besides St. Nicholas's the Parochial or Mother-Church six other Churches or Chapels
Gareock and Strath-Bogie-Land A small part of Buchan Strathdovern Boyn Einzie Strath Awin and Balvenie The East part of Murray The West part of Murray Badenoch Lochabir and the south part of Ross A small part of Ross lying on the south side of Cromartie-Frith The rest of Ross with the Isles of Sky Lewis and Herris Sutherland and Strathnavern Cathness Beside the Stewartries mentioned by our Author there is that of Orkney which contains all the Isles of Orkney and Zetland The Constabularie of Hadington contains East-Lothian To pursue Mr. Camden's method in his general Description of England it will be necessary to give a scheme of the bounds and extent of the several Dioceses of this kingdom Diocese of St. Andrews Glasgow Edinburgh Dunkeld Aberdeen Murray Brichin Dumblam Ross Cathness Orkney Galloway Argile The Isles Contains Part of Perthshire and part of Angus and Mernes The shires of Dunbarton Ranfrew Air Lanerick part of the shires of Roxburgh Dumfreis Peebles and Selkirk The shires of Edinburgh Linlithgow part of Strivelingshire Berwick-shire the Constabularie of Hadington and Bailery of Lauderdale The most part of Perthshire part of Angus and part of West-Lothian Most part of Bams-shire and part of Mernis The shires of Elgin Nairn and part of Inverness and Bamf-shire Part of Angus and Mernis Part of Perth and Striveling-shires The shire of Tain Cromertie and the greatest part of Inverness-shire Cathness and Sutherland All the Northern Isles of Orkney and Zetland The shire of Wigton the Stewartrie of Kircudbright the Regality of Glentrurie and part of Dumfries-shire Argile Lorn Kintyre and Lohaber with some of the West Isles Most of the west Isles Under this Constitution the Government was thus 1. In every Parish the cognizance of some scandals belong'd to the Session a Judicature compos'd of the greatest and worthiest persons in each parish where the Minister presided ex officio 2. But if the Case prov'd too intricate it was referred to the Presbyterie a superior Judicature consisting of a certain number of Ministers between 12 and 20 who met almost every fortnight The Moderator herein was nam'd by the Bishop and besides the censures they inflicted 't was by them that such as enter'd into Orders were solemnly examined The Presbyteries are these that follow Dunce Chernside Kelso Ersilton Jedburgh Melross Dumbar Hadington Dalkeith Edinburgh Peebles Linlithgow Perth Dunkeld Auchterarder Striveling Dumblane Dumfreis Penpont Lochmabane Midlebie Wigton Kircudbright Stranraver Aire Irwing Paselay Dumbarton Glasgow Hamilton Lanerick Biggar Dunnune Kinloch Inerary Kilmore Sky St. Andrews Kirkaldy Cowper Dumfermelin Meegle Dundee Arbroth Forfar Brichen Mernis Aberdeen Kinkardin Alfoord Gareoch Deir Turref Fordyce Ellon Strathbogie Abernethie Elgin Forres Aberlower Chanrie Tayn Dingwell Dornoch Week Thurso Kirkwal Scaloway Colmkill 3. Above this was the Provincial-Synod who met twice a year in every Diocese and had the examination of such cases as were referred to them by the Presbyteries here the Bishop presided ex officio 4. Above all was the Convocation when the King pleas'd to call it wherein the Archbishop of St. Andrews presided And besides these every Bishop for the cases of Testaments c. had his Official or Commissary who was judge of that Court within the Diocese Of these Edenburgh had four the rest one But since Presbyterie has been introduced the Church-government stands thus 1. They also have their Parochial Sessions but with this difference that though the Minister presides yet a Lay-man a Bailie ordinarily assists 2. In their Presbyteries they chose their own Moderator to preside 3. They have their Synod or Provincial Assembly but without a constant head for every time they meet they make choice of a new Moderator 4. Their General Assembly this consists of two members from every Presbytery and one Commissioner from each University The King too has his Commissioner there without whose consent no Act can pass and before they be in force they must be also ratify'd by the King Thus much of the several Divisions of Scotland As to the Orders and Degrees of this Kingdom there appears no alteration in them since our Author's time and if any one desires to have a more particular information in their Courts of Justice and Methods of Proceeding a separate Treatise upon this subject written by the Learned Sir George Makenzy late Lord Advocate of Scotland will give him ample satisfaction The Degrees of SCOTLAND THE Government of the Scots as that of the English consists of a King Nobility and Commonalty The King to use the words of their own Records is directus totius Dominii Dominus direct Lord of the whole Dominion or Domain and hath Royal Authority and Jurisdiction over all the States of his Kingdom as well Ecclesiastick as Laick Next to the King is his Eldest Son who is stiled Prince of Scotland and by a peculiar right is Duke of Rothsay and Steward of Scotland But the rest of the King's Children are called simply Princes Amongst the Nobles the greatest and most honorable were in old times the Thanes Thanes that is if I have any judgment those who were ennobled only by the office which they bore for the word in the antient Saxon signifies The King's Minister Of these they of the higher rank were called Ab-thanes of the lower Under-Thanes But these Names by little and little grew out of use ever since King Malcolm the 3. conferred the Titles of Earls and Barons borrow'd out of England from the Normans upon such Noblemen as had deserv'd them Since when in process of time new Titles of Honour have been much taken up and Scotland as well as England hath Dukes Marquisses Earls Viscounts and Barons Dukes Marquesses Earls Viscoun◠Barons As for the title of Duke the first that brought it into Scotland was Robert the Third about the year of our Lord 1400 as the honourable titles of Marquiss and Viscount were lately brought in by our most gracious Sovereign King James the sixth These are accounted Nobles of a higher degree and have both place and voice in Parliaments and by a special name together with the Bishops are called Lords Amongst the Nobles of a lower degree in the first place are Knights Knight◠who are certainly made with greater solemnity than any where else in Europe by taking of an Oath and being proclaim'd publickly by the Heralds In the second are those who are called Lairds Lairds and commonly without any addition Barons amongst whom none were antiently reckoned but such as held immediately from the King Lands in Capite and had the * Powe◠hang 〈◊〉 Jus Furcarum In the third place are such as being descended of Honourable Families and dignify'd with no certain title are term'd Gentlemen Gentlemen All the rest as Citizens Merchants Artificers c. are reckoned among the Commons The COURTS of JUSTICE THE supream Court as well in dignity as authority is accounted the Assembly of the States of the Kingdom which is called a
which they still keep of which leader they are to this day called Dalreudini Dalreudini for in their language Dal Dal. signifies a part And a little after Ireland says he is the proper Country of the Scots for being departed out of it they added unto the Britons and Picts a 3d Nation in Britain And there is a very good Arm of the sea or a bay that antiently divided the Nation of the Britons from the Picts which from the West breaketh a great way into the Land and there to this day standeth the strongest City of the Britons call'd Alcluith In the Northern part of which bay the Scots whom I now mentioned when they came got themselves room to settle in Of that name Dalreudin there are now extant no remains that I know of nor any mention of it in Writers unless it be the same with Dalrieta Dalrieâ—â— For in an old little book of the Division of Albany we read of one Kinnadius who 't is certain was a King of Scotland and subdu'd the Picts in these very words Kinnadius two years before he came into Pictavia so it calls the country of the Picts enter'd upon the government of Dalrieta Also there is mention made in a more modern History of Dalrea Dalrea hereabouts where King Robert Brus fought a battle with ill success K. James the 4. with consent of the States of the Kingdom enacted that Justice should be administred to this province by the Justices Itinerant at Perth whensoever the King should think convenient But the Earls themselves have in some cases their Jura Regalia who are persons of very great authority and of a mighty interest deriving their pedigree from the antient petty Kings of Argile through an infinite series of Ancestors and taking their sirname from their Castle Cambel But they are oblig'd to King James the 2. for the honour and title of Earl who as it is recorded created Colin Lord Cambel Earl of Argile Earls oâ— Argile in regard to his own virtue and the dignity of his Family Whose Posterity by the favour of their Kings have been a good while General Justices of the Kingdom of Scotland or according to their way of expressing it Justices generally constitute and Great Masters of the King's Houshold e CANTIRE LOgh-Finn Logh-Finn a Lake that in the season produces incredible sholes of herrings divides Argile from a Promontory which for about 30 miles together growing by little and little into a sharp point thrusts it self with such a seeming earnestness towards Ireland separated from it by a narrow streight of scarce 13 miles as if it would call it over to it Ptolemy names this the Promontory of the Epidii Epidium between which name and the Islands Ebudae opposite to it methinks there is some affinity It is now called in Irish which language they use in all this Tract Can-tyre that is the Land's head 'T is inhabited by the family of Mac-Conell very powerful here but yet at the command of the Earl of Argile they sometimes in their Vessels make excursions for booty into Ireland and have possessed themselves of those little Provinces they call Glines and Rowte This Promontory lieth close to Knapdale by so small a neck of land being scarce a mile over and sandy too that the Sea-men by a short cut as it were transport their vessels over land from the Ocean to Logh-Finn Which a man would sooner beelieve than that the Argonautes laid their Argos upon their shoulders and carried it along with them 500 miles 10 From Aemonia to the shores of Thessalia f LORN SOmewhat higher lies Lorn towards the North a Country producing the best Barley divided by Logh-Leave a vast Lake upon which stands Berogomum Beâ—ogoâ—um a Castle wherein the Courts of Justice were antiently kept and not far from it Dunstafag that is Stephen's Mount antiently a seat of the Kings above which is Logh-Aber â—â—gh-â—â—â—r a Lake insinuating it self so far into the land out of the Western sea that it would meet the Lake of Ness which empties it self into the Eastern Ocean did not the hills which lie between separate them by a very narrow neck The chiefest place in this tract is Tarbar in Logh-Kinkeran where K. James 4. by authority of Parliament constituted a Justice and Sheriff to administer justice to the inhabitants of the Southern Isles These Countrys and these beyond them were in the year of Our Lord 605. held by those Picts which Bede calls the Northern Picts where he tells us that in the said Year Columbanus a Priest and Abbot Lib. 3. ca. 4. famous for the profession of Monkery came out of Ireland into Britain to instruct those in the Christian Religion that by the high and fearful ridges of mountains were sequester'd from the Southern Countrys of the Picts and that they in requital granted him m It does not appear that the Western-Isles belong'd to the Picts at that time so that they could not dispose of any part of them 'T is more probable that it was Hoia one of the Orkney-Isles the Island Hii lying over against them now call'd I-comb-kill of which in its proper place Its Stewards in the last Age were the Lords of Lorn but now by a female heir it is come to the Earls of Argile who always use this among their other titles of honour BRAID ALBIN MORE inwardly amongst the high and craggy ridges of the mountain Grampius where they begin a little to slope and settle downwards lies Braid-Albin n Now an Earldom in the family of the Campbels that is the highest part of Scotland For they that are the true and genuine Scots call Scotland in their Mother-Tongue Albin as that part where it rises up highest Drum-Albin that is the Ridge of Scotland But in a certain old Book it is read Brun-Albin where we find it thus written Fergus the son of Eric was the first of the seed of Chonare that enter'd upon the Kingdom of Albany from Brun-Albain to the Irish-sea and Inch-Gall And after him the Kings of the race of Fergus reigned in Brun-Albain or Brunhere unto Alpinus the son of Eochal But this Albany is better known for its Dukes than the fruits of its ground The first Duke of Albany that I read of 〈◊〉 of â—â—â—â—ny was Robert Earl of Fife advanced to that honour by his Brother K. Robert the 3. of that name yet he spurr'd on by ambition most ungratefully starved to death David this very brother's son and next heir to the Crown But the punishment due to this wicked fact which himself by the forbearance of God felt not came heavy upon his son Mordac or Murdo second Duke of Albany who was condemned for treason and beheaded after he had seen his two sons executed in like manner the day before The third Duke of Albany was Alexander 2. son of King James 2. who being Regent of the Kingdom Earl of
and although some of the Churches are defaced yet wants it not its beauties so divided too that almost every street is inhabited by a several trade apart and is furnished by the Tay every tide with commodities from sea in their light Vessels b. It gives the Title of Earl to the Family of Perth chief of the name of Drommonâ— Upon it J. Johnston so often mentioned PERTHUM Propter aquas Tai liquidas amoena vireta Obtinet in medio regna superba solo Nobilium quondam Regum clarissima sedes Pulchra situ pinguis germine dives agri Finitimis dat jura locis morémque modúmque Huic dare laus illis haec meruisse dari Sola inter patrias incincta est moenibus urbes Hostibus assiduis ne vaga praeda foret Quanta virum virtus dextrae quae praemia nôrunt Cimber Saxo ferox genus Hectoridum Felix laude novâ felix quoque laude vetustâ Perge recens priscum perpetuare decus Near Tay's great stream amongst delightful plains Majestick Perth in royal splendour reigns For lofty Courts of antient Kings renown'd Fair is the site and ever rich the ground Hence laws and manners neighb'ring parts receive Their praise 't is to deserve and hers to give No walls like her her sister towns can show Which guard her riches from the bord'ring foe How stout her Knights what noble spoils they won The Britains Saxons and the Danes have known Renown'd in eldest and in latest days Oh! may her glories with her years encrease And new deserts advance her antient praise And now lately King James 6. hath advanced Perth to an Earldom upon his creating James Baron Dromond Earl of Perth Earl of Perth Near Perth is Methven Barâ—â— Methven which Margaret of England Dowager to King James 4. purchased with ready money for her third husband Henry Stewart of the Blood Royal and his Heirs and withal obtained of her son James 5. the dignity of a Baron for him A little lower is Rethven a Castle of the Rethvens Râ—â—hven on Râ—eâ—erâ— a name to be accursed and raz'd out of all memorials since the States of the Kingdom past a decree that all of that name should lay it down and take a new one after that the Rethvens Brothers in an execrable and horrid conspiracy had plotted the murther of the best of Princes James 6. who had created their father William Earl of Gowry but afterwards upon his going insolently to prescribe Laws to his Sovereign and being convicted of High Treason beheaded him But I may seem to have said too much of persons condemned to eternal oblivion and yet the mentioning such wicked generations may be of use to caution posterity As for Gowry Gowry so much celebrated for its Corn-fields and the excellency of its soil it lyes along the other side of the Tay being a more level country In this Tract over against Perth on the farther side of Tay stands Scone Sâ—â—ne a famous Monastery in times past and honoured with the Coronation of the Kings of Scotland ever since King Keneth having hard by made a general slaughter of the Picts placed a stone here enclosed in a wooden chair for the Inauguration of the Kings of Scotland It had been transported out of Ireland into Argile and King Edw. 1. of England caused it to be convey'd to Westminster Concerning which I have inserted this Prophecy so common in every man's mouth since it hath now proved true as few of that sort do Ni fallat fatum Scoti quocunque locatum Inveniunt lapidem regnare tenentur ibidem Or Fate 's deceiv'd and heaven decrees in vain Or where they find this stone the Scots shall reign Now by the special favour of King James Scone gives the title of Baron to c He erected here stately buildings which are possessed by his heirs under the title of Vicounts of Stormont Theatr. Scotiae p. 46. David Murray Where the Tay now grown larger dilates it self Arrol Arrol hangs over it the seat of the noble Earls of Arrol Earls of Arrol they have been hereditary High Constables of Scotland ever since the Bruses times and deduce their original which is certainly very antient from one Hay a man of prodigious strength and courage who together with his sons in a dangerous battle against the Danes at Longcarty catching up an Ox-yoke by fighting valiantly and encouraging others rallied the retreating Scots so as they got the day Which victory and deliverance both the King and the States ascrib'd to his singular valour Whereupon several excellent lands were assign'd hereto him and his posterity who in testimony of this action have set a Yoke for their Crest over their Coat of Arms 13 Three Escutcheons gules in Argent As for Huntley-Castle Huntley-Castle hard by I have nothing to write of it but that it has given name to a very great and honourable family of which hereafter g ANGVS UPon the aestuary of the Tay and up a little way within it along the North-Eske lyes Angus called by the genuine Scots Aeneia extending it self into fields bearing wheat and all other sorts of grain large hills lakes forests pastures and meadows and beautified with several sorts and castles In the first entrance into it from Gowry stands Glamis â—â—o Glaâ—â—â— a Castle and the Barony of a Family sirnamed Lyons which have been famous ever since J. Lyon a great favourite of King Robert 2. received this and the dignity of a Baron with the King's daughter in Marriage and therewith as I find written the sirname of Lyon with a Lyon in his Arms within a Treassure Floury â—e shield 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 and â—reassure â—â—ry B. as the Kings themselves bear but in different colours Patrick now Lord Glamis very lately obtained the honour of Earl of Kinghorn from King James 6. At a little distance is Forfar â—isdom 〈◊〉 â—orfâ—r where for the administration of Justice the Barons Greies are hereditary Sheriffs 〈◊〉 â—ry who are descended from the Greies of Chillingham in Northumberland and came into Scotland with King James 1. when he returned out of England Upon the first of whom nam'd Andrew the King bountifully conferr'd the Lordship of Foulis with Helena Mortimer for his Wife â—â—ndee 〈◊〉 â—tene 〈◊〉 verb. â—â—if Near the Tay's mouth is Dundee d This Town has a good Trade fine buildings and an Hospital for the poor At present it gives the Title of Marquiss to the chief Family of the Grahams which the antients called Alectum others Taodunum a town well frequented and whose Constable by a peculiar privilege is Standard-bearer to the Kings of Scotland Hector Boetius â—â—â—tor â—â—â—tius who was here born expounds the name Dundee Donum Dei by allusion This person in that age when learning began again to flourish wrote an elegant history of Scotland out of such hidden monuments of Antiquity that Paulus Jovius wonder'd there should be
of this place a man of an exemplary life and conversation At his death he left all his books both Manuscripts and others to the use of the Diocess of Dumblane and mortify'd a sum for erecting a Library as a Salary for a Library-keeper was mortify'd by the same Bishop's sister's son It gives the title of Vicount of Dumblane to his Grace the Duke of Leeds The Lord William Drummond Vicount of Strath-allan hath here a very fine Dwelling and considerable revenues in the Country all round e The Shire of Argile Argile and Perth with the Countries adjacent seem to have been formerly inhabited by the Horesti 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Mountaineers mentioned by Tacitus viz. the true ancient Scots who came from Ireland and possessed themselves of the West-Isles and of these Countries For distinction's sake they were called the Northern Picts the same with Ammianus Marcellinus's Dicalidones which Buchanan agreeably to the meaning of Horesti and the Highlanders reads Duncaledonii By the the Panegyrist Eumenius they are named Hiberni soli Britanni and by the Writers of the middle age their Country is called Hibernia as is proved in the Description of Thule writ by Sir Robert Sibbalds These two Counties with the Western Isles made up the Kingdom of the Scots whilst the rest of Scotland was under the Romans and Picts Afterwards the whole Country came under one King namely Kenneth the second who was called Rex Scotorum The Shire of ARGILE Argile had formerly two Sherifdoms Argile and Tarbert but now they are united into one which comprehends Kantyre Knapdale Askeodnish Cowell in which is Denoun the Bishop of Argile's seat Lorne and many of the west Isles To the east it is joyned to Perthshire to the north-east it touches upon Lochaber to the north-west it hath several Isles and to the south the Irish-sea and the Firth of Clyde In length 't is about six score miles and in breadth some forty miles The sea in many places runs up a great way into the land in long bays which they call Loughs The Tract properly called Argile lyes between Lock-fyne wherein is a great Herring-fishing and Loch-Aw a fresh water Loch twenty four miles long and one broad out of which the River of Aw runs for some six or seven miles and then enters Loch-Ediff The whole shire is mountainous and the Inhabitants who speak the Irish live mostly by their hunting and fishing It 's chief town is Innererra a Burgh-Royal near which is the Castle the chief residence of the Earl of Argile adorned with fine gardens standing upon the water of Eira where it falls into Lochfyne f The Southermost part of Argileshire is KINTYRE Kintyre above thirty miles long and eight or nine broad It has in it a burgh of Barony situate upon the lough of Kilkerran called Campbell-Town Campbeâ—â— Town where is a safe harbour for Ships having an Island in the mouth of the bay g The shire of PERTH so called from Perth Perth a burgh Royal and the head burgh of the County to the north and north-west hath Badenoch and Lochabyre to the north-east it is bounded with Marr to the west with Argileshire to the south-west with Dumbartonshire to the south with Clackmannanshire part of Sterlingshire and the river and firth of Forth to the South-east it hath Kinrosshire and Fife and to the east Angus The length of it from east to west is above fifty two miles the breadth about forty eight The high grounds are good pasture and the low very fruitful in corn At the Meagile there is an ancient Monument of stone cut with several figures said to be the burial place of Queen Vanara who had her dwelling place three miles benorth upon a hill called Barray where are the ruines of a great building Dunkell * is surrounded with pleasant woods at the foot of the Grampian hills on the north side of Tay. The ruins of the Cathedral Church are still to be seen 'T is the chief Market Town of the High-lands and is of late very much adorned with stately buildings erected by the Marquiss of Athol h ANGUS Aâ—gus the head town whereof is Forfar whence it 's likewise called the shire of Forfar is bounded upon the South with the Ocean and the firth of Tay upon the West and North-west 't is divided from Perthshire by a line twenty seven miles long towards the North the ridge of Binchinnin-mountains part it from the Brae of Marr and to the East it is separated from the Mernes by the water of Tarf and a line drawn from it to the water of North-Eske which to its mouth continues to divide this shire from the Mernes 'T is in length about twenty eight miles and in breadth about twenty They have several Quarries of free-stone and much slate with both which they drive a good trade Near the Castle of Innermarkie there are Lead-mines and they find great plenty of Iron-ore near the wood of Dalboge The higher ground called the Brae abounds with Hart Hind Roe-buck Doe and Fowl and their Salmond-trade turns to a good account Dundee Dundee * Theatrum Sâ—tiae so called from Dun a hill and the river Tay on the north side whereof it is situated stands in a pleasant plain and is adorned with excellent buildings of all sorts It hath two Churches a high steeple a harbour for ships of burthen and a considerable trade with strangers The Inhabitants are generally rich and those who fall into decay have a large Hospital provided for them As this town formerly gave the title of Earl and dignity of Constable to the chief of the Scrimgers so hath it of late afforded the title of Vicount to the Lord Dundee who was killed at the Battle of Gillikrankie â—â—hin Brechin is a market-town considerable for Salmon Horses Oxen and Sheep It has a stately bridge over the river Esk and shows the ruins of the Bishop's Palace and of the Canons houses 'T is likewise famous for a memorable slaughter of the Danes not far from it In this County it was that the General of the Danes was killed by the valiant Keith who thereupon was advanced to great honours by King Malcolm the second who was present in person at the battle Upon the General 's Grave there was a high stone erected which carries the name of Camus's Cross And about ten miles distant from this at Aberlemno is another Cross erected upon some of the Danes killed there Both these have some antique pictures and letters upon them Aberbrothock a Royal burgh hath a harbour for ships and an Abbey where King William the Founder lyeth with a stately Monument upon him This Country has several seats of Nobility and Gentry 〈◊〉 i The shire of MEARNS is so called from Mearn a valiant Gentleman to whom it was given by Kenneth the second called also the shire of Kincarden from the ancient town of Kincarden To the east it is
Potentate in these parts 40 Was Mac-Gwir untill he overthrew himself and his State in the late rebellion is b Macguire Mac Gwire Those of this family live on both sides this lake so that they on the other side are reckoned of Ulster and they on this of Conaght The County of MONAGHAN ON the east side of the Lough Erne lyes the County of Monaghan mountainous and woody It has not so much as one remarkable town in it besides Monaghan which gives name to the whole County This shire is divided into five Baronies and contains Iriel Dartre Fernlis Loghty which were taken from the rebellious Mac-Mahons Mac Mahon by Act of Parliament together with the territory of Donemain given by Queen Elizabeth to Walter D'evereux Earl of Essex These Mac-Mahons a name signifying in Irish the sons of Ursus have long governed these parts and are descended from Walter Fitz Urse Fitz-Urse who had a hand in the murder of S. Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury The greatest man of this family according to the custom of this nation was wont to Lord it over all the rest under the title of Mac-Mahon And lately while in competition for this soveraignty they fell to raillery fighting bribing and other foul practises they drew the Lord Deputy 41 Sir William William Fitz-Williams among them 159â— who cited Hugh Roe Mac-Mahon whom by his authority he had advanced to this Seigniory found him guilty and ordered him to be hang'd and that he might suppress the name and sovereignty of these Mac-Mahons for ever he divided the territory between the relations of the said Hugh and certain English men to have and to hold to them and their heirs after the English manner of tenure The County of ARMAGH ON the east side also of this Lough lyes the County of Armagh bounded on the east by the river Neury on the south by the County of Louth and on the north by Blackwater The soil here as I have often heard the Earl of Devonshire Lord Deputy say is the richest and fatest of any in Ireland insomuch that if manure be laid on to improve it it grows barren as if affronted or angry at it The first territory we meet with in this County is Fewes Fewes belonging to Turlogh Mac Henry of the family of O Neal full of woods and unpassable fens Next Orry Orry in which grows very little wood here lives O Hanlon and here stands the fort Mont-Norris Mont-Norris built by Charles Lord Montjoy Lord Deputy and so called in honour of John Norris under whom he first served in the wars Eight miles from hence near the river Kalin stands Armagh Armagh an Archbishop's See the Metropolis of this Island The Irish imagin it so called from Queen Armacha but in my opinion this is the very same that Bede calls Dearmach which he says signifies in the Scotch or Irish tongue a field of oaks Till St. Patrick built a city there very fine in respect of situation form bulk and compass as the Angels had contriv'd and modelled it for him it was called Drumsalich as he says Now this Patrick S. Patrick was a Britain S. Martin's nephew by his sister baptized by the name of Sucat Marianus Scotus and sold into Ireland where he was Shepherd to King Miluc Afterwards he was called Magonius 42 As a Nurse-Father out of a British word by St. German whose disciple he was and then by Pope Celestine Patricius that is Father of the Citizens and sent into Ireland to convert them to the Christian religion Yet some are of opinion that Christianity was in Ireland before his time grounding upon an old Synodal wherein St. Patrick's own authority is urged against Tonsure Tonsure in Ireland which was usual at that time in Ireland namely on the fore part of the head and not on the crown A custom which by way of contempt they father upon a certain Swineherd of King Lagerius the son of Nell Vi. Bede l. 5. 22. Other writers of that age cryed out against it as Simon Magus's institution and not St. Peter's About the year 610 Columbanus built a famous Monastery in this place Bede from which many others were propagated and planted both in Britain and Ireland by his disciples St. Bernard S. Bernard in vita Malachiae speaks thus of it In honour of St. Patrick the Irish Apostle who in his life time presided in this Island and after was buried in it this is an Archepiscopal See and the metropolis of this Island held in such veneration and esteem formerly that not only Bishops and Priests but Kings and Princes were subject in all obedience and he alone govern'd them all But through the hellish ambition of some Potentates it grew into a custom that this holy See should be held as an inheritance and permitted to descend to none that were not of their tribe or family This horrid method succeeding continued for no less than fifteen generations or thereabouts Thus in time Flatâ—sbâ— sâ—ys muâ— the same Church-discipline began to slacken in this Island so that in towns and cities the numbers and translations of Bishops were just as the Metropolitan thought fit and John Papyrio a Cardinal was sent over by Eugenius IV. Bishop of Rome to reform those matters as we learn from an Anonymous writer of that age In the year of our Lord 1142 John Papyrio a Cardinal was sent by Eugenius IV. P. R. together with Christian Bishop of Lismore and Legat of Ireland into this Island This Christian held a Council at Mell where were present the Bishops Abbots Kings Dukes and all the Elders of Ireland by whose consent there were four Archbishopricks constituted Armagh Dublin Cassil and Tuam filled at that time by Gelasius Gregorius Donatus and Edanus After this the Cardinal gave the Clergy his blessing and returned to Rome Before the Bishops of Ireland were always consecrated by the Archbishops of Canterbury by reason of their Primacy in that Kingdom This was acknowledged by the Citizens of Dublin when they sent Gregory elected Bishop of Dublin to Ralph Archbishop of Canterbury in these words We have always willingly subjected our Prelates to the power and soveraignty of your predecessors from whom we consider ours have received the spiritual dignity c. This is likewise evident from the letters of Murchertach King of Ireland of earlier date writ to Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury about ordaining the Bishops of Dublin and Waterford from those also of King Gothrick to Lanfrank his predecessor in behalf of one Patrick a Bishop and those of Lanfrank to Therdeluac King of Ireland complaining That the Irish leave their wives at pleasure without any cause Canonical and match with others either related to themselves or the wives they have put away or such as have been forsaken as wickedly by others which is not to be lookt upon as marriage but punished as fornication And
killed with a stone and buried in Iona. 1230. Olave came with Godred Don and the Norwegians to Man and they divided the Kingdom Olave was to have Man Godred being gone to the Isles was slain in Lodhus So Olave came to be sole King of the Isles 1237. On the twelfth of the Calends of June died Olave the son of Godred King of Man in St. Patrick's Isle and was buried in the Abbey of Russin He reigned eleven years two in the life time of his brother and nine after His son Harald then fourteen years old succeeded him and reigned twelve years In the first year of his reign he went to the Isles and made Loglen his Kinsman Keeper of Man In the autumn following Harald sent three sons of Nell viz. Dufgald Thorquel and Molmore and his friend Joseph to Man to consider of affairs Accordingly on the twenty fifth day they met at Tingala where upon a quarrel that then happened between the sons of Nell and Loglen there arose a sore fight on both sides in which Dufgald Mormor and the said Joseph lost their lives In the spring following King Harald came to the Isle of Man and Loglen who fled into Wales with Godred the son of Olave his pupil was cast away with about forty others 1238. Gospatrick and Gillescrist the son of Mac-Kerthac came from the King of Norway into Man and kept out Harald converting the tributes of the Country to the service of the King of Norway because he had refused to appear in person at the Court of that King 1240. Gospatric died and was buried in the Abbey of Russin 1239. Harald went to the King of Norway who after two years confirmed to him his heirs and successors under his Seal all the Islands that his Predecessors had enjoyed 1242. Harald returned out of Norway to Man was honourably received by the Inhabitants and made peace with the Kings of England and Scotland 1247. Harald as his father had been before him was Knighted by the King of England and returned home with many presents The same year the King of Norway sent for him and a match was made between Harald and his daughter In the year 1249 as he was on his voyage home with with her accompanied with Laurence the elect King of Man and many of the Nobility and Gentry he was cast away by a sudden storm near the coasts of Radland 1249. Reginald the son of Olave and brother to Harald began his reign the day before the Nones of May and on the thirtieth day thereof was slain by one Yvar a Knight and his accomplices in a meadow near Trinity Church on the south side His Corps were buried in the Church of S. Mary of Russin Alexander King of Scots prepared a great fleet about this time intending to conquer the Isles but a feavor seized him in the Isle of Kerwaray whereof he died Harald the son of Godred Don assumed the title of King of the Islands banished all the Noblemen that Harald King Olave's son had preferred and instead of them recalled such as were fled from him 1250. Harald the son of Godred Don upon letters mandatory from the King of Norway went to him and was imprisoned for his unjust usurpation The same year Magnus son of Olave and John the son of Dugald who named himself King arrived at Roghalwaht but the people of Man taking it ill that Magnus had not that title beat them off their coast and many of them were cast away 1252. Magnus the son of Olave came to Man and was made King The next year after he went and took a voyage to the Court of Norway and tarried there a year 1254. Haco King of Norway made Magnus the son of Olave King of the Isles confirming them to him and his heirs and expresly to his brother Harald 1256. Magnus King of Man went into England and there was Knighted by the King 1257. The Church of S. Mary of Russin was consecrated by Richard of Sodore 1260. Haco King of Norway came to Scotland and without effecting any thing died in his return to Orkneys at Kirwas and was buried at Bergh 1265. This year died Magnus the son of Olave King of Man and of the Islands at Russin castle and was buried in S. Mary's Church there 1266. The Kingdom of the Isles was translated by means of Alexander King of Scots What follows was written in a different and later Character 1270. On the seventh of October Alexander the King of Scots's navy arrived at Roghalwath and before sun-rise next morning a battle was fought between the Inhabitants of Man and the Scots who slew five hundred thirty five of the former whence that of a certain Poet L. decies X. ter penta duo cecidere Mannica gens de te damna futura cave 1313. Robert King of Scots besieged the castle of Russin which was defended by Dingawy Dowyll and at last took it 1316. Upon Ascension-day Richard de Mandevile and his brothers with others of the Irish Nobility arrived at Ramaldwath desiring a supply of money and victuals being stript of all by continual depredations When the Commonalty denied it they took the field in two bodies against those of Man advancing still till they came to the side of Warthfell-hill in a field where John Mandevile was posted Upon engaging they carried the victory spoiled the Isle and the Abbey of Russin Thus far out of that ancient Book and after a whole months ravagement they returned home full fraught with pillage The end of the Chronicle of the Kings of Man A Continuation of the foregoing History collected out of other Authors ALexander the third King of Scots having made himself master of the Western Islands partly by his sword and partly by purchase from the King of Norway at last invaded Man also as one of that number and by the valiant conduct of Alexander Steward entirely subdued it and set a King over the Isle upon this condition that he should be ready to assist him with ten ships in any of his wars by Sea when ever he demanded them However Mary the daughter of Reginald King of Man who was the Liege-man of John K. of England address'd her self to the King of England for justice in this case Answer was made That the King of Scots was then possess'd of the Island and she ought to apply her self to him Lords of Man Her grandchild by a son John Waldebeof for Mary married into this family notwithstanding this sued again for his right in Parliament held the 33d of Edw. the first urging it there before the King of England as Lord Paramount of Scotland Yet all the answer he could have was as it is in the very Record That he might prosecute his title before the Justices of the King's Bench let it be heard there and let justice be done But what he could not effect by law his kinsmanâ— 1 Sir William Hol. William Montacute for he was of the royal
into possession by the King of France upon certain conditions but was detain'd unjustly and treacherously John Archbishop of Dublin and some other great men were sent to the Kinâ— in Almain upon this account After they had receiv'd their answer in Tordran the Archbishop return'd into England and died oâ— S. Leodegarys day The bones of which John Sampford werâ— interr'd in S. Patrick's Church in Dublin on the 10th day beforâ— the Kalends of March. The same year there arose a debate between William Lord Vescy then Justiciary of Ireland and the Lord John Fitz Thomas and the said Lord William Vescy went into England and lefâ— Sir William de la Hay to officiate as Justiciary But when botâ— them were before the King for combat upon an appeel for treason William Vescy fled into France and would not fight Whereupon the King of England gave all the Seigniories that belong'd to him to Sir John Fitz Thomas viz. Kildare Rathemgan and manâ— others The same year Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester return'd ouâ— of Ireland into England Likewise Richard Earl of Ulster sooâ— after S. Nicholas's day was taken prisoner by Sir John Fitz Thomas and kept within the castle of Ley till the feast of S. Gregory Pope but was then set at liberty by the Council of our Lord thâ— King in a Parliament at Kilkenny John Fitz Thomas gave aâ— his lands for taking him viz. Slygo with other Possessions belonging to him in Conaght Item this year the castle of Kildare was taken but Kildarâ— and the Country round it was wasted by the English and the Irish Calvagh burnt all the Rolls and Tallies of the said Earl This yeaâ— and the two next following there was much dearth and Pestilencâ— throughout Ireland Item William Lord Dooddyngzele was made Justiciary of Irelanâ— MCCXCV Edward King of England built the Castle de Beâ— Marisco i.e. Beaumaris in Venedocia which is call'd the motheâ— of Cambria but commonly Anglesey and enter'd it immediatelâ— after Easter subduing the Venedotes i.e. the able men of Anglesey and making them subject to him Soon after this viz. about thâ— Feast of S. Margaret Madock at that time Prince elect of Waleâ— submitted himself to the King's mercy and was brought to Londoâ— by John de Haverings where he was clapt in the Tower to waâ— the King's grace and favour This year died William Dooddingzeâ— Justiciary of Ireland the day after S. Mary of Egypt Sir Thomas Fitz-Maurice succeeded him Also about the same time thâ— Irish in Leinster destroy'd that Province burning the new Castâ—â— with other Villages Item Thomas de Torbevile a seducer oâ— the King and betrayer of his Country was drawn through the middle of London lying out at length and guarded with four Toâ—mentors in Vizards who revil'd him as we went along At lasâ— he was gibbeted and deny'd the privilege of Burial having nonâ— to attend his Funeral but Kites and Crows This Thomas waâ— one of them who in the Siege of the Castle of Rions was takeâ— and carry'd to Paris Whereupon he promis'd the Nobility oâ— France that he would deliver to them the King of England anâ— leaving his two Sons as Pledges came over and told the King oâ— England and his Council how narrowly he escap'd out of Prisoâ— When he had inform'd himself of the designs of the King anâ— state of the Kingdom he sent the whole in writing to the Provoâ— of Paris Of which being convicted he was executed iâ— the manner aforesaid About the same time the Scoâ— having broken the Peace which they had covenanted with oâ—â— Lord King of England made a new league with the King oâ— France and conspiring together rose up in Arms against their owâ— sovereign Lord and King John Baillol and shut him up in the midland parts of Scotland in a Castle encompass'd with Mountain This was done in pure spight and contempt to the King of England because he had set the said John over them without theâ—â— will and consent The King of England brought another Army 〈◊〉 Scotland the Lent following to chastise the Scots for their presumption and arrogance against their own Father and King Sâ— John Wogan was made Justiciary of Ireland and the Lord Thomas Fitz-Maurice give place to him This Wogan made a Trucâ— for two years between the Earl of Ulster and John Fitz-Thomas and the Geraldines About Christmas-day this year Gilbert Clarâ— Earl of Glocester departed this life Item the King of Englanâ— sent his Brother Edmund with an Army into Gascoign MCCXCVI The Lord Edward King of England on the thirâ— day before the Kalends of April viz. upon Friday that fell oâ—â— then to be Easter-week took Berwick with the slaughter of seveâ— thousand Scots and not of above one of the English Knights viâ— Sir John of Cornwall and seven Footmen more Shortly after abouâ— the 4th of May he enter'd the Castle of Dunbar and took abouâ— forty of the Enemy Prisoners who submitted themselves to thâ— King's mercy having before defeated the whole Army of the Scots that is to say slain seven hundred Horse with the loss of Footmeâ— only on the English side Item upon S. John's-day before Port-latin about 15000 Welchmeâ— were sent to invade Scotland by the King's Order At the same timâ— the Nobility of Ireland viz. John Wogan Justiciary Richard Bourâ— Earl of Ulster Theobald Butler and John Fitz-Thomas witâ— others came to assist in this Expedition to Scotland The Kinâ— of England also entertain'd them with others of the English Nobility upon the third day before the Ides of May viz. Whitsuâ—day with a great Feast in the castle of Rokesburgh Item on thâ— next Wednesday before S. Barnabas he enter'd the Town of Edinburgh and won the castle before the Feast of S. John Baptist shortly after in the same Summer all the castles in Scotland were surrender'd up to him Item John Balliol King of Scotland came tho' much against his will to the King of England upon the Sunday next after the Translation of S. Thomas the Archbishop attended with many Earls Bishops and Knights and they surrender'd all to the King but their lives and limbs and their Lord John Balliol gave up all his Right and Title in Scotland to the King of England who sent him under a safe guard towards London Item Edmund Brother to the King of England died this year in Gascoign MCCXCVII Our Lord Edward King of England sail'd into Flanders with an Army against the King of France where after much expence and altercation a form of Peace was concluded between them upon condition they should stand to the award and judgment of the Pope From the one side and the other certain Messengers were sent to the Court of Rome but while the King was in Flanders William Walleis according to a general Resolution of the Scots came with a great Army to Strivelin-bridge to engage John Earl of Warren in which Battel many were slain on both sides and many drown'd but however the English were
And on Sunday following being the next after the Nativity oâ— the blessed Virgin the Lord John Fitz-Thomas died at Laraghbrinâ— near Maynoth and was buried among the Friers-minors at Kildarâ— He is said to have been made Earl of Kildare a little befoâ—â— his death His son and heir Thomas Fitz-John a very prudeâ—â— Man succeeded him After this we had News that the Castle of Cragfergus was surrender'd to the Scots upon condition the lives of the Garrison-Soldiers should be saved On the day of the exaltation of the holy Cross Conghor was stain together with Mac-keley and fifty Irish by William Lord Burk and Richard Bermingham in Conaught Item On the Monday before All-Souls-day many of the Scots were slain in Ulster by John Loggan Hugh Lord Bisset namely about 100 with double Arms and 200 with single Arms. The slain in all amounted to 300 besides the foot Afterward on the Eve of the Royal S. Edmund there hapned such a Storm of Wind and Rain as threw down many Houses beat down the Bell of Trinity-church in Dublin and did much mischief both by Sea and Land Item On the Eve of S. Nicholas the Lord Alan Stewart who was taken Prisoner in Ulster by John Loggan and the Lord John Sandale was carried to Dublin-castle This same year there came News from England of a dissention between the King and the Earl of Lancaster That they were for taking one another Prisoners and that the whole Kingdom was embroil'd about it This year also about the feast of Andrew the Apostle the Lord Hugh le Despencer and the Lord Bartholomew de Baldesmere Wigorniensis the Bishop of Worcester and the Bishop of Ely were sent to Rome to negotiate some important Business of the King 's for Scotland who return'd again into England about the feast of the purification of the blessed Mary Item The Lacies came to Dublin after the same feast and shew'd by an Inquisition that the Scots were not brought into Ireland by their means whereupon they were acquitted and had the King's Charter for protection and safety upon taking their Oaths to keep â—he Peace and do their utmost to destroy the Scots Item This year after the feast of Carnis privium the Scots â—arch'd privately as far as Slain with 20000 arm'd Men and raâ—ag'd the Country though the Army of Ulster lay just before â—â—em Afterwards on the Monday before the feast of S. Matthias the â—postle the Earl of Ulster was apprehended in S. Marie's Abby â—y the Mayor of Dublin viz. Robert Notyngham and carried to â—ublin-castle where he was long imprison'd and the Chamber whereâ—â— he was kept burnt and seven of the Earl's Attendants â—ain The same week in the Vigil of S. Matthias Brus took his â—arch towards Dublin at the head of his Army and hearing of the â—arl's Imprisonment turn'd off towards Cnok-castle which he enâ—â—r'd and therein took the Lord Hugh Tirell with his Wife who â—as Baron of it and they were afterwards ransom'd That Night it was agreed by common consent among the Citiâ—ens of Dublin That S. Thomas's-street should be burnt down for â—ear of the Scots the flames whereof got hold of S. John's-church â—nd burnt it down likewise with Magdalen-chappel all the Suâ—urbs of the City and S. Mary's-monastery The Church of S. Paâ—rick was spoil'd by the said Villans Item Our Saviour's Church which belongs to the Friers-preâ—icants was destroy'd by the Mayor and his Citizens and the â—â—ones were converted to the building of a City wall which was â—ade of greater compass in the north part of the City above the â—ey for formerly the Walls ran just by the Church of S. Owen â—here we see a Tower beyond the Gate also another Gate in that â—treet where the Taverns are however the Mayor and Citizens â—ere afterwards commanded by the King of England to make anoâ—her Convent as formerly After the feast of S. Matthias Le Brus â—â—derstanding that the City was fortified to receive him he march'd â—â—wards Salmons-leap where Robert le Brus King of Scotland â—ith Edward le Brus the Earl of Morrey John Meneteth the â—ord John Stewart the Lord Philip Mountbray encamp'd themâ—elves and continued for four days during which they burnt part â—f the Village broke open the Church and rifled it and then â—arch'd towards Le Naas The Lacies notwithstanding their Oaths advis'd and conducted them and Hugh Lord Canon made â—adin White his Wife's Brother guide them through the Country â—o they came to Le Naas plunder'd the Village broke the Churches â—â—d open'd the Graves in the Church-yard for hidden Treasure â—â—d did many other Mischiefs during the two days they stay'd â—â—ere After this they took their march towards Tristildermote â—â—e second week in Lent and destroy'd the Friers-minors takâ—â—g away their Books Vestments and other Ornaments from â—ence they return'd to Baligaveran and so to Callan about the â—east of Pope Gregory without regarding the Village of Kilâ—enny At the same time Letters were brought by the Lord Edmund â—otiller Chief Justice of Ireland at that time and by the Lord Thomas Fitz-John Earl of Kildare the Lord Richard Clare the Lord Arnold le Pover and the Lord Maurice Fitz-Thomas to â—â—ffer the Earl of Ulster to be mainpriz'd and set at liberty by the King 's writ but nothing was done at present in this Business The People of Ulster came afterwards in a great Body amountâ—ng to 800 and desir'd assistance from the King against the Scots Upon which the King's Banner was deliver'd to them But as soon as they got it they did more mischief than the Scots themselves they eat Flesh all the Lent and almost wasted the whole Country for which they were accurs'd both by God and Man Edmund * Pincerna Butler gave the Irish a great defeat near Trestildermot Item The same Edmund being now Chief Justice of Ireland defeated O Morghe at Balilethan The Scots under le Brus were now got as far as Limerick But the English in Ireland being drawn together in great Bodies to receive them at Ledyn they retreated privately in the night from Conninger Castle About Palm-sunday News came to Dublin That the Scots were at Kenlys in Ossory and that the Irish Nobility were at Kilkenny and had drawn a great Army together there to engage Le Brus. On the Monday following the King sent an Order to the People of Ulster to advance against the Scots under the command and conduct of Thomas Fitz-John Earl of Kildare whereupon they march'd forward Le Brus being then at Cashell from whence he mov'd to Nanath where he stay'd some time and burnt and wasted all the Possessions of the Lord Pincern MCCCXVII On Maundy Thursday the Lord Edmund Botiller Justiciary of Ireland the Lord Thomas Fitz-John Earl of Kildare for the King had conferr'd the jurisdiction and privileges of the Earldom of Kildare upon him Richard Clare with the Ulster-Army Arnold Pover Baron of Donnoyll Maurice Rochfort Thomas Fitz-Maurice and the Cauntons and their