riches_n 1370_o lodowick_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o nephew_n of_o casimir_n the_o great_a hitherto_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v successive_a except_o when_o the_o king_n die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o three_o class_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v elective_a vladislaus_n jagello_n be_v oblige_v to_o swear_v as_o hartknoch_n acquaint_v we_o that_o he_o receive_v it_o by_o election_n and_o not_o succession_n this_o class_n contain_v the_o king_n of_o the_o jagellonian_a family_n in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1386_o vladislaus_n jagello_n choose_a husband_n to_o heduiges_n second_o daughter_n to_o lodowic_n and_o therewith_o king_n of_o poland_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n his_o dominion_n of_o litvania_n samogitia_n and_o part_n of_o prussia_n become_v christian_n himself_o and_o endeavour_v the_o conversion_n of_o those_o nation_n and_o last_o pay_v two_o hundred_o thousand_o florin_n to_o william_n duke_n of_o austria_n forfeit_v by_o heduiges_n who_o be_v before_o contract_v to_o the_o say_a duke_n he_o be_v a_o pious_a prince_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o university_n at_o cracow_n 1434_o vladislaus_n iii_o 1447_o casimirus_n iu._n it_o be_v very_o memorable_a what_o loccenius_n report_v of_o this_o king_n how_o that_o meeting_n with_o charles_n king_n of_o swedeland_n at_o dantzick_n he_o be_v force_v to_o get_v a_o monk_n to_o talk_v latin_a with_o the_o say_a king_n who_o understand_v not_o polish_v but_o talk_v latin_a accurate_o hereupon_o casimir_n be_v ashamed_a of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o follower_n return_v home_n cause_v public_a proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v that_o from_o thenceforward_a no_o man_n shall_v be_v advance_v to_o any_o dignity_n except_o he_o be_v able_a to_o speak_v latin_n whence_o say_v the_o same_o author_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o polander_n have_v ever_o since_o excel_v in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n 1492_o johannes_n albertus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o tartar_n lay_v waste_v rusia_n podolia_n and_o several_a other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 1501_o alexander_n this_o king_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v such_o a_o prodigal_a that_o have_v he_o rule_v long_o he_o will_v have_v beggar_v the_o nation_n his_o queen_n helena_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o be_v crown_v because_o be_v a_o greek_a she_o refuse_v to_o conform_v to_o the_o roman_a church_n 1507_o sigismond_n i._o reckon_v by_o paulus_n jovius_n one_o of_o the_o three_o worthy_n charles_n v._o emperor_n and_o francis_n i._o king_n of_o france_n be_v the_o other_o who_o have_v they_o not_o be_v contemporary_a prince_n deserve_v single_o to_o have_v rule_v the_o whole_a world_n beside_o the_o large_a endowment_n of_o his_o mind_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o such_o vast_a strength_n of_o body_n that_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o he_o in_o his_o youth_n to_o break_v asunder_o horse-shoe_n and_o strong_a rope_n 1548_o sigismundus_n augustus_n in_o his_o time_n the_o lutheran_n religion_n begin_v first_o to_o take_v foot_v in_o poland_n the_o four_o and_o last_o class_n contain_v a_o register_n of_o king_n elect_v out_o of_o divers_a family_n which_o occasion_v several_a interregna_fw-la the_o order_n of_o these_o prince_n be_v as_o follow_v 1574_o henry_n valois_n duke_n of_o anjou_n he_o flee_v from_o poland_n into_o france_n upon_o news_n of_o his_o brother_n charles_n death_n and_o be_v thereupon_o depose_v by_o the_o estate_n he_o reign_v five_o month_n 1576_o stephen_n bathor_n palatine_n of_o transylvania_n 1587._o sigismond_n iii_o prince_n of_o sweden_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n john_n iii_o be_v crown_v also_o king_n of_o sweden_n but_o depose_v again_o by_o his_o subject_n chief_o for_o attempt_v to_o introduce_v the_o roman_a religion_n among_o they_o in_o which_o he_o have_v be_v educate_v by_o his_o mother_n his_o uncle_n charles_n ix_o duke_n of_o sudermannia_n be_v choose_v in_o his_o place_n 1632_o vladislaus_n iu_o famous_a for_o his_o many_o conquest_n over_o the_o turk_n and_o subdue_a muscovy_n of_o which_o he_o be_v elect_v tzar_n in_o his_o father_n life-time_n 1648_o john_n casimir_n design_v for_o a_o religious_a and_o have_v live_v two_o year_n of_o probation_n among_o the_o jesuit_n but_o as_o hartknoch_n write_v nominate_v cardinal_n by_o innocent_a x._o before_o he_o take_v the_o vow_n of_o that_o order_n be_v elect_v king_n he_o marry_v his_o brother_n sigismund_n widow_n he_o lay_v down_o his_o diadem_n and_o retire_v into_o france_n 1669_o michael_n koributh_n duke_n of_o wisniowiec_n a_o unfortunate_a prince_n who_o lose_v caminiec_n to_o the_o turk_n 1674_o john_n sobieski_n former_o general_n against_o the_o turk_n now_o reign_v a._n d._n 1679._o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n except_o she_o be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n be_v never_o crown_v nor_o then_o unless_o the_o king_n himself_o request_v it_o who_o be_v always_o present_a at_o her_o coronation_n during_o his_o life_n the_o charge_n of_o 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be_v meet_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stair_n by_o the_o sub-chamberlain_n at_o the_o top_n by_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court._n when_o he_o approach_v the_o royal_a presence_n the_o king_n himself_o go_v some_o pace_n to_o meet_v he_o the_o title_n which_o the_o king_n give_v he_o be_v to_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o christ_n by_o other_o he_o be_v style_v most_o high_a and_o most_o reverend_a lord_n lord_n n._n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n and_o the_o apostolic_a see_v archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n legate_n bear_v primate_n and_o chief_a prince_n of_o the_o polonian_a nobility_n his_o prerogative_n be_v so_o great_a that_o he_o give_v not_o place_n to_o any_o cardinal_n for_o which_o reason_n no_o cardinal_n be_v ambitious_a of_o be_v send_v into_o poland_n next_o to_o he_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n take_v place_n after_o these_o two_o archbishop_n the_o bishop_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o senate_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1._o cracow_n 2._o cujavia_n who_o be_v also_o bishop_n of_o vladislow_n and_o pomerania_n 3._o vilna_n and_o 4._o posnania_n by_o turn_n 5._o polockzo_n 6._o varmia_n and_o 7._o luceorea_n by_o turn_n 8._o praemislia_n 9_o samogitia_n or_o mednic_n 10._o culmo_fw-la 11._o chelmo_n 12._o kiovia_n and_o zernichovia_n 13._o kamienieck_n 14._o smolensko_n these_o bishop_n sit_v on_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o king_n next_o the_o two_o archbishop_n concern_v the_o revenue_n and_o splendour_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o poland_n see_v cromer_n l._n 2._o descript_n pol._n pag._n 177._o and_o stanislaus_n lubienski_n in_o vita_fw-la angelotti_n fol._n 310._o bishop_n by_o the_o law_n be_v forbid_v to_o hold_v abbey_n in_o commendam_fw-la with_o their_o bishopric_n only_o the_o bishop_n of_o kiovia_n and_o kamienieck_n have_v lose_v their_o revenue_n be_v now_o permit_v that_o liberty_n for_o their_o subsistence_n next_o to_o the_o bishop_n sit_v
generis_fw-la quam_fw-la meritis_fw-la in_o patriam_fw-la honoratiss_fw-la o_o viro_fw-la d._n o_o nicolao_n von_n bodeck_n consuli_fw-la et_fw-la primario_fw-la judici_fw-la in_o celeberrion_n totius_fw-la maris_fw-la baltici_n emporio_fw-la urbe_fw-la gedanensi_fw-la artium_fw-la literarumque_fw-la â—autori_fw-la benevolentiss_fw-la o_o d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n masovia_n masovia_n call_v by_o the_o polander_n mazowsze_v by_o the_o german_n die_v masaw_n lie_v in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o poland_n bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o prussia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o lithuania_n and_o polessia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n it_o be_v usual_o divide_v into_o these_o four_o part_n the_o palatinate_v of_o podlachia_n plockzo_n masovia_n strict_o so_o call_v and_o the_o territory_n of_o dobrin_n which_o last_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n 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sigismond_n the_o three_o but_o much_o beautify_v by_o his_o successor_n over_o against_o this_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n which_o be_v passable_a by_o a_o stately_a wooden_a bridge_n sit_v the_o great_a parliament_n of_o poland_n in_o another_o of_o the_o king_n palace_n call_v viasdow_n seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o many_o and_o delicate_a grove_n and_o garden_n in_o the_o city_n be_v public_a building_n of_o good_a note_n the_o most_o remarkable_a of_o which_o be_v st._n john_n baptist_n church_n where_o divine_a service_n be_v perform_v by_o secular_a canon_n not_o far_o from_o viasdow_n in_o the_o suburb_n call_v cracow_n stand_v as_o a_o trophy_n of_o the_o victory_n obtain_v by_o the_o pole_n over_o the_o moscovite_n a_o small_a chapel_n build_v by_o the_o king_n command_n for_o the_o burial_n of_o demetrius_n suiscius_n great_a duke_n of_o moscovie_n who_o die_v a_o captive_a in_o the_o castle_n of_o gostenin_n the_o nobility_n of_o masovia_n which_o be_v 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martyrdom_n in_o the_o year_n 995._o but_o this_o conjecture_n be_v vain_a and_o precarious_a for_o where_o any_o city_n of_o this_o name_n former_o stand_v or_o its_o ruin_n can_v at_o this_o day_n be_v find_v only_o he_o himself_o can_v tell_v we_o johannes_n annius_n viterbiensis_n tell_v we_o the_o prussian_n be_v at_o first_o call_v pruti_fw-la and_o that_o from_o one_o prutus_n a_o scythian_a king_n grandchild_n to_o noah_n that_o this_o nation_n be_v a_o offspring_n of_o the_o ancient_a scythian_n be_v indeed_o allowable_a but_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o story_n we_o can_v say_v no_o more_o then_o that_o it_o be_v well_o know_v how_o nimble_a this_o author_n and_o his_o feign_a berosus_n be_v at_o counterfeit_v of_o name_n in_o the_o etymology_n of_o country_n other_o of_o the_o same_o authority_n with_o viterbiensis_n bring_v the_o prussian_n out_o of_o asia_n under_o the_o command_n of_o prussia_n a_o king_n of_o bythinia_n some_o will_v have_v the_o word_n prussi_fw-fr or_o prutheni_fw-la corrupt_v
dedicate_v to_o he_o so_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a that_o by_o the_o relation_n of_o johannes_n magnus_n who_o tell_v prodigious_a story_n of_o the_o golden_a roof_n etc._n etc._n the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o cuzco_n be_v but_o a_o poor_o adorn_v chapel_n to_o it_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o stupendous_a fabric_n their_o god_n be_v set_v upon_o a_o bed_n or_o couch_n with_o a_o crown_n upon_o his_o head_n adorn_v with_o twelve_o star_n and_o a_o sceptre_n in_o his_o hand_n upon_o his_o right_a hand_n stand_v oden_n or_o othen_n arm_v like_o a_o soldier_n cap_n a-pie_n not_o unlike_o the_o roman_a god_n mars_n on_o his_o left_a be_v place_v the_o goddess_n freia_n their_o venus_n hold_v a_o sword_n in_o one_o and_o a_o bow_n in_o the_o other_o hand_n these_o three_o deity_n be_v have_v in_o special_a reverence_n among_o they_o votary_n come_v from_o very_o remote_a part_n every_o nine_o year_n to_o visit_v the_o temple_n and_o pay_v their_o devotion_n offer_v the_o most_o precious_a gift_n they_o can_v provide_v and_o sacrifice_n for_o nine_o day_n together_o pythagorean-like_a count_a nine_a a_o auspicious_a number_n and_o on_o every_o day_n nine_o sort_n of_o animal_n three_o of_o every_o sort_n not_o spare_v their_o servant_n friend_n child_n nor_o even_o their_o own_o self_n from_o be_v part_n of_o such_o bloody_a victim_n this_o they_o do_v not_o by_o choice_n every_o votary_n strive_v to_o be_v present_v a_o sacrifice_n to_o his_o god_n but_o by_o lot_n take_v he_o on_o who_o the_o lot_n fall_v tie_v a_o cord_n about_o his_o middle_n and_o so_o let_v he_o down_o alive_a into_o a_o large_a well_o dig_v close_o by_o the_o temple_n for_o that_o purpose_n if_o he_o expire_v quiet_o and_o without_o any_o great_a struggle_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n they_o conclude_v that_o their_o god_n be_v please_v and_o their_o petition_n hear_v if_o otherwise_o and_o he_o seem_v to_o die_v with_o any_o reluctancy_n they_o suppose_v their_o god_n be_v angry_a and_o thereupon_o present_o make_v ready_a another_o suchlike_a sacrifice_n to_o appease_v the_o wrath_n when_o the_o body_n be_v draw_v up_o out_o of_o the_o well_o if_o a_o please_a sacrifice_n they_o think_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o bury_v it_o in_o the_o ground_n the_o ordinary_a way_n but_o hang_v it_o up_o upon_o a_o tree_n in_o the_o consecrate_a grove_n and_o for_o ever_o after_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v instate_v in_o a_o place_n of_o happiness_n and_o esteem_v it_o as_o one_o of_o their_o demigod_n in_o these_o cruel_a sacrifice_n their_o king_n themselves_o be_v not_o only_o present_a but_o sometime_o when_o the_o lot_n fall_v upon_o they_o offer_v up_o to_o their_o god_n be_v attend_v to_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n with_o great_a joy_n and_o acclamation_n by_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o subject_n who_o promise_v themselves_o great_a and_o last_a happiness_n by_o so_o noble_a a_o victim_n beside_o these_o three_o principal_a they_o worship_v many_o other_o inferior_a deity_n upon_o different_a occasion_n as_o methothim_n who_o preside_v over_o their_o magical_a art_n from_o to_o who_o they_o always_o offer_v black_a victim_n vagnoft_o hade_v etc._n etc._n with_o all_o the_o the_o son_n and_o attendant_n of_o their_o principal_a god_n of_o which_o see_v johannes_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n adam_n bremensis_n and_o loccenius_n the_o many_o foolish_a superstition_n to_o which_o their_o ignorance_n and_o credulity_n make_v they_o subject_a as_o their_o arm_a themselves_o whensoever_o it_o chance_v to_o thunder_n and_o shoot_v arrow_n up_o into_o the_o cloud_n to_o assist_v these_o god_n of_o their_o country_n who_o as_o they_o suppose_v be_v wage_n war_n against_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n their_o use_v to_o sacrifice_v their_o horse_n before_o they_o engage_v with_o their_o enemy_n and_o set_v the_o head_n of_o they_o upon_o pale_n before_o the_o army_n in_o manner_n of_o a_o palisado_n and_o such_o like_a frequent_o meet_v with_o in_o author_n be_v scarce_o worth_a mention_v only_o this_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o in_o their_o custom_n and_o ceremony_n about_o their_o worship_n they_o have_v some_o faint_a notion_n of_o a_o infinite_a power_n to_o which_o they_o owe_v their_o be_v and_o happiness_n that_o their_o soul_n do_v not_o die_v with_o their_o body_n and_o such_o like_a common_a dictate_v of_o natural_a reason_n all_o which_o be_v clear_o discover_v to_o they_o and_o the_o mist_n of_o idolatry_n and_o irreligion_n quite_o dispel_v by_o the_o happy_a plantation_n of_o christianity_n among_o they_o in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 780_o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o bero_n or_o biorno_n iii_o king_n of_o sweden_n desire_v charles_n the_o great_a emperor_n of_o germany_n to_o send_v some_o able_a minister_n into_o the_o north_n to_o plant_v christian_a religion_n among_o they_o who_o according_o send_v one_o herebertus_n surname_v belga_n a_o man_n of_o note_a piety_n and_o learning_n in_o those_o time_n he_o succeed_v well_o in_o his_o undertake_n gain_v many_o proselyte_n and_o build_v a_o church_n at_o lyncopen_n in_o ostrogothia_a where_o himself_o be_v rector_n and_o afterward_o dye_v ann._n 814_o ludovicus_n pius_n i._o emperor_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n send_v hither_o more_o apostle_n one_o of_o which_o be_v name_v ansgarius_n a_o monk_n of_o corbey_n in_o france_n who_o bring_v with_o he_o from_o thence_o divers_a of_o the_o monk_n and_o plant_v in_o saxony_n a_o monastery_n of_o the_o former_a name_n intend_v it_o for_o a_o seminary_n to_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o preacher_n in_o the_o north._n but_o all_o this_o emperor_n time_n christianity_n be_v rather_o private_o bring_v in_o hither_o paganism_n prevail_v and_o most_o of_o these_o pious_a man_n be_v martyr_v for_o their_o religion_n then_o public_o countenance_v or_o establish_v till_o about_o ann_n 955_o when_o olaus_n scot-konung_a desirous_a to_o enjoy_v the_o purity_n of_o the_o gospel_n send_v to_o ethelred_n then_o king_n of_o england_n desire_v he_o to_o furnish_v he_o with_o minister_n to_o preach_v christianity_n to_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n that_o there_o have_v always_o be_v great_a friendship_n betwixt_o those_o two_o crown_n appear_v by_o many_o particular_n one_o especial_o not_o to_o be_v forget_v be_v that_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n will_v never_o permit_v any_o of_o their_o subject_n to_o engage_v with_o the_o dane_n and_o other_o northern_a people_n to_o exercise_v piracy_n against_o or_o invade_v the_o english_a dominion_n as_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o jo._n magnus_n and_o other_o author_n ethelred_n ready_o consent_v to_o so_o pious_a a_o request_n and_o dispatch_v over_o one_o sigfrid_n than_o archbishop_n of_o york_n with_o divers_a other_o godly_a priest_n and_o worthy_a labourer_n who_o at_o their_o arrival_n in_o sweden_n find_v kind_a reception_n baptize_v the_o king_n himself_o with_o all_o his_o courtier_n and_o prevail_v so_o far_o to_o have_v the_o gospel_n propagate_v among_o his_o subject_n that_o christian_a church_n be_v build_v in_o every_o province_n of_o the_o king_n dominion_n this_o so_o happy_a a_o plantation_n be_v water_v by_o the_o blood_n of_o three_o of_o his_o follower_n vnaman_n sumaman_n and_o vinaman_n murder_v by_o the_o contrivance_n of_o a_o wicked_a woman_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o wexio_n a_o city_n in_o smalandia_n after_o this_o christianity_n be_v nurse_v up_o by_o their_o succeed_a king_n ericus_n especial_o who_o as_o be_v say_v before_o propagate_v it_o to_o the_o finlander_n exercise_v it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n till_o about_o the_o year_n 1530_o at_o which_o time_n gustavus_n i._o then_o king_n upon_o what_o motive_n author_n do_v not_o agree_v establish_v the_o lutheran_n religion_n displace_v all_o those_o that_o refuse_v to_o subscribe_v the_o article_n he_o propose_v among_o who_o be_v that_o elegant_a historian_n and_o very_o learned_a person_n jo._n magnus_n than_o archbishop_n who_o refuse_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n leave_v his_o country_n flee_v to_o rome_n there_o write_v his_o history_n with_o a_o account_n of_o this_o metropolis_n and_o die_v 1544._o in_o the_o year_n 1537_o the_o say_a gustavus_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o christianus_n king_n of_o denmark_n philip_n landsgrave_n of_o hassia_n the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o other_o german_a prince_n to_o defend_v this_o religion_n thus_o reform_v against_o the_o emperor_n and_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1613_o it_o be_v public_o consent_v to_o by_o the_o state_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n a._n d._n 1627._o gustavus_n adolphus_n give_v sactuary_n in_o his_o dominion_n to_o all_o those_o that_o be_v any_o way_n persecute_v in_o germany_n or_o elsewhere_o for_o this_o profession_n confirm_a it_o be_v and_o agree_v to_o by_o charles_n
34._o christian_n i_o son_n of_o theodoric_n count_n of_o oldenburgh_n be_v elect_v king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n christopher_n he_o be_v a_o generous_a pious_a and_o valiant_a prince_n but_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o learning_n he_o reduce_v the_o swede_n to_o their_o allegiance_n who_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n have_v revolt_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n annex_v holstein_n to_o his_o dominion_n make_v himself_o duke_n of_o dithmar_n and_o stormar_n and_o have_v rule_v three_o and_o thirty_o year_n dye_v in_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1481_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o chapel_n which_o he_o himself_o have_v build_v at_o roschild_n leave_v his_o crown_n to_o his_o son_n 35._o john_n who_o be_v a_o prince_n endue_v with_o all_o the_o royal_a quality_n of_o his_o father_n he_o be_v devout_a in_o exercise_n of_o religion_n temperate_a in_o diet_n grave_n in_o apparel_n and_o valiant_a in_o exploit_n of_o war_n which_o except_v only_o the_o overthrow_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o dithmarsians_n in_o the_o year_n 1500_o prove_v exceed_o successful_a he_o die_v of_o the_o plague_n at_o olburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 1513._o 35._o christian_n ii_o king_n john_n son_n who_o be_v the_o bloody_a cruel_a and_o most_o dissolute_a prince_n that_o denmark_n or_o perhaps_o any_o other_o kingdom_n ever_o see_v lindenbruch_n give_v this_o character_n of_o he_o that_o nero_n phalaris_n and_o sylla_n put_v in_o the_o scale_n against_o he_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o then_o half_a a_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n weight_n meursius_n report_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v with_o one_o hand_n grasp_v which_o when_o the_o midwife_n open_v she_o find_v full_a of_o blood_n this_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o his_o father_n as_o a_o certain_a prognostic_n of_o a_o bloody_a mind_n of_o which_o his_o subject_n have_v afterward_o a_o lamentable_a experience_n the_o only_a good_a he_o ever_o do_v his_o country_n be_v the_o sound_n a_o fair_a and_o establish_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a trade_n at_o copenhagen_n at_o last_o after_o he_o have_v by_o his_o wickedness_n throw_v himself_o out_o of_o three_o kingdom_n and_o for_o six_o and_o thirty_o year_n undergo_v the_o misery_n of_o banishment_n or_o imprisonment_n he_o die_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o kallenborg_n in_o zeeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1559._o 36._o frideric_n i._o king_n john_n brother_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n christian_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o year_n 1524_o he_o begin_v to_o bring_v the_o augspur_n confession_n into_o all_o the_o church_n of_o denmark_n he_o rule_v almost_o ten_o year_n in_o quietness_n and_o die_v at_o sleswig_n in_o the_o year_n 1533._o 37._o christian_n iii_o frideric_n son_n he_o perfect_v the_o reformation_n which_o his_o father_n have_v begin_v in_o the_o church_n he_o live_v and_o dye_v in_o the_o year_n 1559_o a_o prince_n of_o singular_a piety_n wisdom_n temperance_n justice_n and_o all_o royal_a virtue_n and_o leave_v behind_o a_o fair_a pattern_n of_o a_o happy_a king_n and_o good_a christian_n to_o his_o son_n 37._o frederic_n ii_o who_o have_v exact_o imitate_v his_o father_n example_n after_o a_o happy_a reign_n of_o twenty-nine_o year_n dye_v in_o his_o palace_n of_o anderscow_n in_o the_o year_n 1587._o immediate_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o rebel_n of_o dithmar_n who_o he_o quell_v with_o small_a trouble_n afterward_o he_o wage_v war_n with_o eric_n fourteen_o king_n of_o sweden_n which_o last_v seven_o year_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n 39_o christian_n iu_o before_o his_o father_n burial_n be_v elect_v and_o soon_o after_o crown_v king_n of_o denmark_n in_o his_o reign_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n ferdinand_n ii_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n and_o have_v once_o well_o nigh_o bring_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n under_o his_o subjection_n but_o king_n christian_n contract_v as_o it_o be_v all_o the_o exspire_a spirit_n of_o his_o realm_n make_v the_o imperialist_n at_o last_o give_v ground_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o treaty_n upon_o honourable_a term_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 40._o frederic_n iii_o who_o receive_v as_o great_a a_o blow_n from_o the_o swede_n as_o his_o father_n have_v do_v from_o the_o german_n charles_n gustave_n the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n have_v bring_v he_o to_o that_o extremity_n as_o to_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o copenhagen_n which_o city_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n will_v doubtless_o have_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n have_v not_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a prince_n jealous_a of_o the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n concern_v themselves_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o it_o he_o that_o desire_v a_o further_a account_n of_o the_o beginning_n continuance_n and_o end_n of_o these_o northern_a war_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o accurate_a history_n of_o they_o write_v by_o r._n manley_n and_o print_v in_o the_o year_n 1670._o king_n frideric_n get_v his_o noble_n persuade_v to_o consent_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o norway_n shall_v be_v hereditary_a and_o be_v himself_o proclaim_v hereditary_a king_n the_o twenty-third_a day_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1660._o he_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n the_o twenty-fifth_a day_n of_o february_n 16_o 69_o 70._o and_o that_o night_n as_o be_v before_o say_v the_o nobility_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o new_a king_n 41._o christian_n v._o now_o reign_v a_o valiant_a and_o active_a prince_n the_o royal_a family_n of_o denmark_n consist_v of_o the_o child_n of_o the_o king_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o his_o near_a relation_n together_o with_o the_o prince_n of_o sunderburg_n norburg_n gluckburg_n arnsbeck_n gottorp_n and_o ottingen_n or_o oytin_n who_o be_v all_o descend_v from_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o except_v the_o house_n of_o oytin_n and_o gottorp_n who_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o his_o brother_n adolph_n duke_n of_o sleswic_n the_o noble_n who_o never_o pretend_v to_o nor_o accept_v of_o the_o title_n of_o dukes_z earls_z or_o baron_n be_v such_o as_o have_v for_o many_o age_n have_v a_o single_a coat_n of_o arm_n belong_v to_o their_o family_n which_o they_o never_o alter_v nor_o quarter_n with_o any_o other_o there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n some_o family_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o denmark_n as_o wren_n and_o other_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v at_o the_o sign_v of_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o king_n hemming_n on_o the_o eidor_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o any_o nobleman_n all_o his_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a be_v divide_v among_o his_o child_n so_o as_o a_o son_n have_v two_o moiety_n and_o a_o daughter_n only_o one_o by_o the_o law_n of_o denmark_n the_o king_n be_v prohibit_v to_o purchase_v any_o part_n of_o a_o nobleman_n estate_n nor_o can_v any_o of_o the_o nobility_n buy_v any_o of_o the_o crown_n land_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o chief_a nobleman_n at_o this_o day_n in_o denmark_n be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o author_n of_o l'estat_fw-la des_fw-fr royaume_n de_fw-fr l'europe_n in_o the_o follow_a alphabetical_a order_n achsel_n appelgard_n alefeld_n andersem_n bielke_n banner_n brach_n bilig_n below_o bild_n brokenhusem_n biorn_n beck_n blick_n bassi_n bax_n baselich_n bockowlt_n bud_n baggen_n bammelberg_n brune_n blom_n blocktorp_n breiden_n daac_n dresselberch_n dune_n duram_fw-la dam_n freze_n fassi_fw-la falster_n falcke_n guldenstern_n grub_n goce_fw-mi green_n gelschut_v gall_n gram_n grissel_n goss_n gadendorp_n grabow_n hardenberg_n holke_n hoken_n hiderstorper_n hube_n hesten_n hager_n holer_n hoeken_fw-mi hoier_n hacken_n harberger_n jul_n juensen_n juenan_n jensen_n johensen_n korwitz_n krabbe_n kaas_z krusen_n kragge_n krumpen_a krumdick_n kercberg_n karssenbrock_n koelet_n knutzen_n lange_n lindeman_n lung_n lutkem_n laxman_n lancken_n leven_n lindow_n monk_n matiessen_n marizer_n must_v matre_fw-la meinstorf_n moeten_n magnussen_n negel_n narbu_n norman_n ofren_n otten_n pasberg_n podessen_n podebussen_n papenheimb_n podwisch_n plessen_n pensen_n paisen_n petersen_n qualem_fw-la quittow_n ranzaw_v rosenkrantz_n rastorp_n ruthede_v reuter_n ruten_n rosenspart_n rosengard_n ronnow_n reventlow_n ratlow_n ritzerow_n schram_n schefeldt_n schelen_n seestedt_n stuege_n swron_n stantbeke_fw-mi split_v solle_n swaben_n santbarch_n spar_n spegel_n sturen_n suinem_fw-la staken_v stove_n siversen_n trolle_v totten_n vhrup_n vonsflet_n vantinnen_n vken_n voien_fw-fr vlstandt_n vren_n wlefeld_n walkendorp_n wipfert_n witfelt_n wogersen_n wenfsterman_n will_v worm_n walstorp_n wenfin_fw-fr wittorp_n though_o none_o of_o these_o be_v ever_o make_v duke_n knight_n knight_n marquis_n earl_n or_o baron_n yet_o it_o be_v usual_a
for_o many_o of_o they_o to_o be_v dub_v knight_n upon_o any_o considerable_a piece_n of_o service_n do_v their_o king_n or_o country_n the_o dane_n call_v their_o knight_n ridders_n i._n e._n equites_fw-la rider_n and_o all_o their_o offspring_n have_v the_o title_n of_o riddersmens_n man_n the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o knighthood_n in_o denmark_n elephant_n knight_n of_o the_o elephant_n be_v that_o of_o the_o elephant_n of_o which_o we_o can_v have_v a_o better_a account_n than_o be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o learned_a elias_n ashmole_n esquire_n windsor_n herald_n at_o arm_n in_o his_o famous_a work_n of_o the_o institution_n law_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n p._n 120._o observe_v say_v he_o some_o difference_n among_o writer_n touch_v the_o institution_n collar_n and_o ensign_n of_o this_o order_n i_o be_v in_o doubt_n what_o to_o say_v till_o at_o length_n i_o haply_o meet_v with_o better_a satisfaction_n from_o a_o letter_n write_v 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sixtus_n the_o four_o and_o that_o the_o badge_n be_v a_o ensign_n mere_o military_a ancient_o give_v as_o a_o memorial_n and_o incitement_n to_o the_o danish_a prince_n who_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o defence_n of_o christianity_n against_o the_o moor_n and_o african_n it_o be_v great_o presume_v that_o this_o book_n which_o we_o hope_v may_v short_o be_v publish_v will_v furnish_v the_o world_n with_o many_o choice_a thing_n relate_v to_o the_o antiquity_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o institution_n ensign_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o royal_a order_n heretofore_o the_o knight_n wear_v a_o collar_n of_o gold_n compose_v of_o elephant_n and_o cross_n fashion_v something_o like_o cross_n ancree_n mennenius_n call_v they_o spur_n at_o which_o hang_v the_o picture_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n to_o the_o middle_n hold_v christ_n in_o her_o arm_n and_o surround_v with_o a_o glory_n of_o sunbeam_n but_o they_o have_v long_o since_o lay_v this_o collar_n aside_o and_o now_o wear_v only_o a_o blue_a ribbon_n at_o which_o hang_v a_o elephant_n enamel_v white_a adorn_v with_o five_o large_a diamond_n set_v in_o the_o middle_n those_o elephant_n wear_v by_o the_o knight_n in_o the_o day_n of_o christian_a the_o four_o have_v in_o the_o same_o place_n within_o a_o circle_n the_o letter_n c_o and_o in_o the_o heart_n thereof_o the_o figure_n of_o 4_o make_v to_o signify_v christianus_n quartus_fw-la this_o honour_n have_v most_o common_o be_v confer_v by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n on_o the_o day_n of_o their_o coronation_n both_o upon_o the_o noble_n and_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o seem_v frederic_n the_o three_o bring_v into_o use_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n a_o embroider_v glory_n of_o silver_n pearl_n wrought_v upon_o the_o left_a side_n of_o their_o cloak_n or_o vest_n on_o which_o be_v embroider_v two_o crown_n within_o a_o rundle_n bear_v this_o motto_n deus_fw-la providebit_fw-la for_o such_o a_o one_o do_v count_n guldenlow_n ambassador_n hither_o from_o that_o king_n wear_v at_o his_o reside_v here_o in_o england_n in_o the_o year_n 1669._o but_o we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o the_o motto_n have_v change_v with_o the_o king_n for_o that_o of_o the_o present_a king_n be_v pielate_fw-la &_o justitia_fw-la and_o this_o the_o knight_n of_o his_o election_n now_o wear_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o circle_n nevertheless_o all_o the_o knight_n create_v by_o his_o father_n be_v oblige_v still_o to_o continue_v the_o former_a motto_n in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o danebroge_n or_o holy_a danish_a cross_n which_o be_v think_v miraculous_o to_o have_v preserve_v king_n waldemar_n the_o second_v army_n from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o lieflander_n as_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o show_v when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o arm_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o king_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o holy_a cross_n danebroge_n knight_n of_o danebroge_n which_o continue_v till_o the_o relic_n itself_o be_v lose_v in_o ditmarss_n but_o then_o be_v for_o many_o year_n quite_o lay_v aside_o of_o late_o the_o present_a king_n christian_n the_o five_o revive_v this_o antiquate_a order_n in_o the_o year_n 1672._o ordain_v that_o knight_n of_o this_o order_n of_o which_o he_o himself_o be_v one_o shall_v wear_v a_o white_a enameled_a cross_n edge_v round_o with_o red_a hang_v in_o a_o string_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n reach_v from_o the_o right_a shoulder_n to_o the_o left_a side_n thomas_n bartholinus_n p._n have_v give_v we_o a_o large_a account_n of_o the_o first_o original_a progress_n restauration_n etc._n etc._n of_o this_o order_n to_o who_o we_o refer_v the_o reader_n out_o of_o these_o knight_n senator_n senator_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n be_v choose_v former_o the_o senator_n who_o seldom_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o eight_o but_o be_v now_o a_o far_o great_a number_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o their_o place_n they_o be_v maintain_v as_o our_o parliament_n may_v be_v if_o they_o please_v during_o their_o sit_v by_o the_o country_n the_o king_n allow_v they_o castle_n to_o live_v in_o they_o pay_v no_o tax_n but_o be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o light-horse_n ready_a for_o service_n upon_o all_o occasion_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o attend_v the_o king_n at_o his_o call_n upon_o their_o own_o charge_n provide_v he_o stir_v not_o out_o of_o his_o own_o dominion_n but_o if_o he_o send_v they_o on_o a_o embassy_n into_o other_o prince_n court_n they_o have_v a_o allowance_n out_o of_o the_o treasury_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v other_o that_o live_v as_o pensioner_n pensioner_n pensioner_n to_o who_o the_o king_n in_o requital_n of_o some_o good_a service_n do_v he_o assign_v certain_a live_n for_o life_n or_o a_o set_a number_n of_o year_n forlaening_a out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v to_o provide_v so_o many_o
claim_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o treatye_n of_o roschild_n copenhagen_n and_o westphalia_n which_o by_o this_o treaty_n be_v confirm_v the_o duke_n expect_v beside_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o country_n some_o recompense_n for_o the_o damage_n he_o have_v sustain_v during_o the_o war_n and_o at_o least_o to_o have_v have_v back_o the_o canon_n be_v a_o hundred_o excellent_a brass_n piece_n which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o tunningen_n when_o it_o be_v seize_v and_o dismantle_v by_o denmark_n but_o his_o expectation_n in_o this_o point_n be_v not_o answer_v one_o of_o the_o article_n of_o the_o same_o treaty_n be_v that_o the_o country_n of_o rixingen_n belong_v to_o count_n alefelt_n chancellor_n of_o denmark_n make_v governor_n of_o holstein_n in_o the_o year_n 1663._o upon_o the_o death_n of_o christian_a earl_n of_o rantzaw_n chief_a minister_n of_o state_n to_o the_o late_a king_n frideric_n iii_o confiscate_v during_o the_o war_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o he_o ditmars_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o province_n be_v a_o remnant_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n and_o retain_v much_o of_o the_o prowess_n and_o heroic_a spirit_n of_o their_o ancestor_n some_o will_v have_v the_o word_n write_v deutsch_n or_o teutschmarsh_n i._n e._n the_o german_a or_o dutch_a marsh_n because_o the_o people_n be_v relic_n of_o the_o german-saxons_a and_o the_o country_n plain_a and_o fenny_a the_o ditmarssians_n be_v never_o like_o the_o wagrians_n and_o stormarians_n bring_v under_o subjection_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n till_o that_o whole_a earldom_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o though_o they_o be_v give_v by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iii_o to_o christian_a earl_n of_o oldenburgh_n the_o first_o danish_n king_n of_o that_o house_n yet_o soon_o after_o they_o throw_v off_o this_o yoke_n and_o refuse_v to_o acknowledge_v themselves_o subject_a to_o he_o or_o his_o successor_n till_o by_o the_o valour_n and_o good_a fortune_n of_o king_n frideric_n ii_o they_o be_v vanquish_v and_o force_v to_o submit_v in_o the_o year_n 1559._o in_o this_o expedition_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v assist_v by_o john_n and_o adolph_n duke_n of_o holstein_n his_o cousin-german_n whereupon_o they_o share_v the_o conquest_n with_o he_o ditmars_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n whereof_o the_o southern_a fall_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o northern_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n the_o only_a place_n of_o note_n in_o ditmars_n be_v 1._o meldorp_n the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o province_n seat_v on_o the_o german_a ocean_n and_o a_o place_n of_o good_a trade_n 2._o heyde_n which_o be_v a_o large_a but_o poor_a city_n on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o great_a barren_a sand_n of_o the_o same_o name_n which_o overspread_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o country_n 3._o lunden_n opposite_a to_o tonningen_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o eyder_n stormar_n stormar_n stormar_n or_o stormarsh_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o marshy_a ground_n lie_v along_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n stoer_n for_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o holstein_n be_v distinguish_v by_o name_n take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n they_o inhabit_v and_o the_o ancient_a marsi_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o a_o people_n that_o live_v in_o these_o bog_n and_o fen_n and_o thence_o take_v their_o name_n hamburgh_n of_o which_o city_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o give_v a_o large_a description_n elsewhere_o stand_v in_o stormar_n hamburgh_n hamburgh_n and_o upon_o that_o score_n the_o earl_n and_o duke_n of_o holstein_n have_v always_o pretend_v a_o right_a to_o this_o city_n and_o demand_v homage_n of_o the_o citizen_n these_o pretension_n be_v judge_v legal_a and_o the_o right_a and_o title_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n ratify_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o in_o the_o year_n 1374._o whereupon_o the_o hamburgher_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o christian_n i._o king_n of_o denmark_n acknowledge_v he_o and_o his_o successor_n their_o lawful_a lord_n but_o not_o long_o after_o they_o endeavour_v to_o throw_v off_o that_o yoke_n presume_v much_o upon_o their_o own_o strength_n and_o the_o assistance_n they_o promise_v themselves_o upon_o all_o occasion_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hans_n to_n this_o last_o year_n 1679_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n renew_v his_o claim_n and_o come_v before_o this_o city_n with_o a_o army_n of_o sixteen_o or_o seventeen_o thousand_o man_n to_o demand_v homage_n enter_v the_o elb_n with_o fourteen_o man_n of_o war_n and_o seize_v several_a merchant-ship_n english_a and_o other_o at_o gluckstadt_n on_o the_o nine_o of_o november_n a_o agreement_n be_v sign_v between_o the_o king_n and_o this_o city_n the_o article_n of_o which_o be_v i._o that_o his_o majesty_n and_o this_o city_n shall_v remain_v unprejudiced_a in_o their_o several_a right_n and_o pretension_n and_o that_o the_o point_n of_o homage_n shall_v be_v amicable_o determine_v by_o treaty_n or_o by_o a_o ordinary_a process_n before_o the_o chamber_n of_o spire_n and_o that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o city_n shall_v enjoy_v a_o neutrality_n and_o free_a commerce_n as_o former_o ii_o that_o this_o city_n with_o a_o thankful_a acknowledgement_n of_o his_o majesty_n good_a will_n towards_o they_o shall_v remain_v in_o a_o humble_a devotion_n towards_o he_o and_o shall_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n further_o his_o good_a and_o prevent_v any_o evil_n they_o know_v likely_a to_o happen_v to_o he_o iii_o that_o for_o the_o great_a manifestation_n of_o this_o their_o devotion_n this_o city_n shall_v send_v a_o formal_a deputation_n to_o his_o majesty_n iv_o that_o this_o city_n in_o consideration_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v gracious_o please_v to_o receive_v they_o again_o into_o his_o favour_n shall_v pay_v he_o 220000_o crown_n at_o four_o term_n the_o first_o payment_n to_o be_v make_v immediate_o after_o the_o ratify_v the_o recess_n the_o second_o within_o six_o month_n after_o and_o the_o three_o and_o last_o at_o the_o end_n of_o other_o six_o month_n v._o that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v quit_v all_o his_o pretension_n to_o any_o land_n which_o this_o city_n at_o present_a hold_n either_o in_o particular_a or_o in_o common_a with_o the_o city_n of_o lubeck_n shall_v release_v the_o ship_n stop_v dithmarsia_n rendesburgum_n kiel_n et_fw-fr bordesholm_n in_o occidentali_fw-la pâ—rte_fw-la holsatiae_fw-la tabula_fw-la geographica_n novissima_fw-la ducatus_fw-la stormariae_fw-la in_o meriodionali_fw-la parte_fw-la holsatiae_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n wagria_n quae_fw-la est_fw-la pars_fw-la orientalid_n holsatiae_fw-la exit_fw-la officina_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-fr moses_n pitt_n at_o gluckstadt_n and_o shall_v ratify_v this_o recess_n within_o eight_o day_n five_o day_n after_o the_o sign_v of_o this_o interim_n recess_n so_o call_v because_o it_o leave_v both_o party_n in_o the_o same_o right_n they_o have_v before_o the_o deputy_n of_o hamburgh_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o three_o article_n wait_v on_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o his_o quarter_n at_o pinneberg_n and_o be_v admit_v to_o audience_n speak_v to_o he_o in_o the_o follow_a word_n most_o serene_a and_o most_o potent_a king_n most_o gracious_a lord_n whereas_o your_o royal_a majesty_n be_v by_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n happy_o arrive_v in_o this_o your_o dukedom_n and_o consequent_o in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o this_o city_n of_o hamburgh_n and_o have_v cause_v proposal_n consist_v in_o three_o point_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o say_a city_n and_o have_v desire_v their_o resolution_n thereupon_o and_o whereas_o the_o first_o point_n through_o the_o shortness_n of_o time_n and_o for_o other_o reason_n can_v not_o be_v determine_v at_o present_a and_o that_o your_o majesty_n have_v therefore_o be_v gracious_o please_v to_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o a_o amicable_a agreement_n or_o to_o a_o legal_a determination_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o remove_v the_o displeasure_n you_o have_v take_v against_o the_o say_a city_n and_o by_o a_o interim_n recess_n gracious_o to_o agree_v that_o as_o well_o the_o right_n and_o pretension_n of_o your_o majesty_n as_o of_o the_o say_a city_n shall_v remain_v unprejudiced_a the_o burgermaster_n and_o raedt_n deputy_n do_v in_o the_o name_n of_o themselves_o and_o of_o all_o the_o burgher_n appear_v before_o your_o majesty_n and_o do_v promise_v faithful_o to_o observe_v the_o say_v interim_n recess_n in_o all_o its_o point_n and_o clause_n and_o particular_o to_o bear_v your_o majesty_n most_o humble_a and_o become_a devotion_n that_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n they_o will_v further_o your_o majesty_n good_a and_o hinder_v all_o ill_a and_o detriment_n from_o happen_v to_o your_o majesty_n provide_v this_o city_n be_v leave_v in_o a_o quiet_a and_o undisturbed_a enjoyment_n of_o their_o
endeavour_n to_o prove_v that_o xen._n lampsacenus_n mention_n the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o thence_o conclude_v that_o this_o name_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o most_o of_o the_o modern_a geographer_n fancy_n who_o make_v adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n the_o first_o author_n that_o call_v this_o bay_a mare_n balthicum_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o examine_v pliny_n word_n upon_o this_o occasion_n will_v find_v that_o no_o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n but_o of_o a_o island_n only_o in_o these_o part_n call_v baltia_n which_o be_v now_o name_v schonen_fw-mi but_o be_v not_o as_o the_o ancient_n imagine_v a_o isle_n from_o this_o baltia_n some_o think_v this_o sea_n be_v call_v baltic_n as_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o island_n adria_n other_o more_o happy_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o the_o danish_a and_o english_a word_n belt_n because_o seeland_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n be_v gird_v round_o with_o this_o bay_n and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o seeland_n and_o funen_n call_v that_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o part_n these_o two_o island_n die_v belt_n pomponius_n mela_n who_o be_v follow_v by_o many_o late_a writer_n of_o good_a note_n call_v the_o baltic_a sea_n sinus_n codanus_n which_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o danish_a bay_n for_o codanus_n godanus_n or_o gedanus_n be_v the_o same_o with_o danus_n and_o gedanum_n and_o dantiscum_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o indeed_o when_o we_o consider_v what_o a_o large_a portion_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n be_v encircle_v with_o the_o sea_n we_o shall_v find_v reason_n enough_o notwithstanding_o the_o late_a surrender_n of_o several_a island_n to_o the_o swede_n to_o let_v it_o still_o retain_v this_o its_o ancient_a name_n the_o most_o considerable_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v fionia_n fionia_n or_o funen_n be_v part_v from_o jutland_n by_o a_o straight_a of_o the_o baltic_a call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n medelfarsund_v about_o one_o german_a mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o separate_v from_o seeland_n by_o the_o beltis-sund_a or_o baltic_n bay_n the_o length_n of_o it_o from_o east_n to_o west_n be_v about_o ten_o german_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n eight_o saxon_a grammaticus_n lyscander_n and_o most_o of_o the_o danish_a writer_n make_v this_o the_o pleasant_a piece_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n whence_o they_o have_v fancy_v the_o island_n have_v its_o name_n from_o fine_a which_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n in_o funen_n as_o in_o england_n though_o adam_n bremensis_n may_v seem_v to_o favour_v this_o conceit_n in_o call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n finni_n and_o their_o country_n finningia_n and_o pontanus_n allow_v the_o etymology_n yet_o methinks_v stephanius_n guess_v better_a at_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n when_o he_o fetch_v it_o from_o fion_n which_o in_o the_o old_a runic_a monument_n signify_v a_o neck_n of_o land_n rend_v from_o the_o continent_n and_o such_o any_o man_n will_v suppose_v funen_n to_o be_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o view_v that_o slender_a frith_n which_o at_o this_o day_n separate_v that_o island_n from_o jutland_n the_o island_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o corn_n especial_o wheat_n and_o rye_n which_o be_v hence_o yearly_o transport_v in_o great_a quantity_n into_o other_o nation_n beside_o the_o native_n have_v general_o great_a herd_n of_o cattle_n and_o very_o good_a breed_v of_o horse_n the_o wood_n which_o overspread_v almost_o the_o whole_a island_n be_v exceed_o well_o store_v with_o deer_n hare_n and_o fox_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o this_o island_n be_v ottensee_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o take_v its_o name_n from_o woden_n the_o great_a god_n of_o the_o ancient_a dane_n who_o some_o of_o their_o historian_n call_v othin_n or_o odin_n other_o more_o probable_o say_v it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n and_o leave_v his_o name_n in_o more_o place_n than_o one_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o letter_n write_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o three_o about_o the_o year_n 987_o in_o which_o this_o city_n be_v name_v vrbs_fw-la othonesvigensis_n pontanus_n think_v it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n harald_n who_o to_o testify_v his_o gratitude_n to_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o by_o who_o procurement_n he_o be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n call_v it_o ottonia_n or_o ottensche_n and_o his_o son_n suenotto_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o island_n and_o therefore_o in_o a_o fit_a place_n for_o the_o session_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o magistracy_n which_o be_v yearly_o hold_v in_o this_o place_n as_o be_v likewise_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n before_o the_o year_n 1660._o the_o building_n in_o this_o town_n be_v general_o well_o build_v and_o the_o street_n uniform_a beside_o other_o public_a building_n there_o be_v in_o it_o two_o fair_a church_n whereof_o one_o be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n cnute_n the_o other_o to_o st._n francis_n not_o far_o from_o the_o former_a of_o these_o stand_v a_o stately_a town-hall_n upon_o a_o very_a spacious_a marketplace_n where_o king_n frideric_n ii_o renew_v the_o ancient_a league_n between_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o sleswic_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o when_o the_o choir_n of_o st._n cnute_n church_n be_v repair_v in_o the_o year_n 1582_o the_o workman_n find_v in_o a_o vault_n a_o copper_n coffin_a gild_a and_o adorn_v with_o precious_a stone_n upon_o which_o be_v write_v the_o follow_a inscription_n in_o old_a latin-gothic_a character_n jam_fw-la coelo_fw-la tutus_fw-la summo_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la canutus_n martyr_n in_o aurata_fw-la rex_fw-la atque_fw-la reconditur_fw-la arca_fw-la et_fw-la pro_fw-la justitiae_fw-la factis_fw-la occisus_fw-la inque_fw-la ut_fw-la christum_fw-la vita_fw-la sic_fw-la morte_fw-la fatetur_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la traditur_fw-la a_o proprio_fw-la sicut_fw-la deus_fw-la ipse_fw-la ministro_fw-la a.d._n mlxxxvi_o other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o funen_n be_v 1._o bowens_n a_o port-town_n of_o good_a trade_n seat_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o island_n at_o the_o north-end_n of_o medelfarsund_n 2._o middlefar_n seat_v on_o the_o common_a passage_n from_o this_o island_n to_o kolding_n in_o jutland_n on_o the_o thirty_o of_o january_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o carolus_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n lead_v his_o army_n over_o the_o ice_n to_o this_o place_n and_o have_v rout_v the_o danish_a force_n that_o oppose_v he_o make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o whole_a isle_n of_o funen_n 3._o ascens_fw-la not_o far_o from_o the_o mountain_n of_o ossenburgh_n where_o john_n de_fw-fr hoy_n nicholas_n fechlenburgh_n and_o gustavus_n troll_n bishop_n of_o vpsal_n be_v slay_v and_o their_o army_n command_v by_o christopher_n earl_n of_o oldenburgh_n total_o rout_v by_o john_n rantzaw_v king_n christian_n the_o three_o general_n who_o level_v this_o city_n to_o the_o ground_n 4._o foborg_n upon_o the_o southern_a coast_n of_o the_o island_n it_o be_v once_o burn_v by_o the_o unruly_a soldier_n of_o christian_a the_o three_o whilst_o odensee_n adhere_v to_o the_o captive_a prince_n christian_n the_o second_o who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v keep_v close_a prisoner_n at_o sunderburg_n redeem_v itself_o from_o the_o like_a fate_n by_o a_o large_a sum_n of_o money_n 5._o swynborg_n over_o against_o the_o island_n of_o langland_n from_o this_o place_n carolus_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n lead_v his_o army_n over_o the_o ice_n into_o seeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o 6._o nyborg_n the_o usual_a passage_n from_o funen_n into_o seeland_n this_o city_n be_v first_o fortify_v with_o a_o moat_n and_o bulwark_n by_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o it_o be_v very_o memorable_a for_o the_o battle_n fight_v by_o the_o confederate_n of_o the_o empire_n brandenburg_n poland_n and_o the_o low_a country_n in_o the_o year_n 1659._o against_o the_o swede_n who_o in_o that_o engagement_n be_v overthrow_v and_o utter_o rout_v out_o of_o funen_n beside_o the_o great_a town_n mention_v there_o be_v in_o funen_n a_o great_a number_n of_o fair_a village_n among_o which_o they_o reckon_v up_o no_o less_o than_o 264_o parish_n church_n seeland_n seeland_n the_o large_a fair_a and_o most_o fruitful_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n lie_v to_o the_o east_n of_o funen_n from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o by_o the_o belt_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v part_v from_o schonen_fw-mi by_o a_o small_a frith_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n oresundt_fw-mi through_o which_o
his_o son_n charles_n succeed_v mathias_n in_o all_o his_o title_n and_o dominion_n the_o bohemian_o fear_v he_o may_v prove_v as_o severe_a a_o persecutor_n of_o the_o protestant_n in_o that_o kingdom_n as_o his_o predecessor_n have_v be_v refuse_v to_o acknowledge_v he_o their_o king_n but_o immediate_o upon_o his_o be_v proclaim_v emperor_n proffer_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n to_o frideric_n v._o count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n who_o accept_v their_o kindness_n which_o so_o high_o enrage_v the_o emperor_n that_o he_o resolve_v to_o use_v his_o utmost_a endeavour_n whole_o to_o ruin_n and_o overthrow_v the_o protestant_a party_n whereupon_o ensue_v that_o bloody_a german_a war_n of_o almost_o thirty_o year_n continuance_n which_o be_v at_o last_o happy_o conclude_v by_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n of_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1648._o after_o a_o troublesome_a reign_n of_o seventeen_o year_n spend_v in_o a_o continual_a civil_a war_n which_o have_v ruin_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n he_o die_v at_o vienna_n leave_v his_o distract_a empire_n to_o his_o son_n 1637._o ferdinand_n iii_o who_o the_o year_n before_o his_o father_n death_n be_v elect_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n which_o his_o father_n have_v begin_v with_o variety_n of_o success_n he_o obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o protestant_a party_n at_o ratisbon_n and_o break_v the_o vast_a power_n of_o the_o swede_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o norlingen_n but_o afterward_o be_v forsake_v by_o most_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n he_o be_v force_v to_o think_v of_o procure_v a_o peace_n by_o fair_a mean_n and_o treaty_n according_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o other_o prince_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v seal_v at_o munster_n and_o osnaburg_n the_o popish_a agent_n keep_v their_o residence_n at_o the_o former_a of_o these_o city_n and_o the_o protestant_n in_o the_o latter_a a._n d._n 1648._o in_o the_o year_n 1653_o ferdinand_n iv_o this_o emperor_n elder_a son_n be_v elect_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o augsburg_n by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o elector_n and_o within_o a_o month_n after_o solemn_o crown_v at_o ratisbon_n but_o die_v within_o a_o year_n after_o his_o coronation_n he_o never_o live_v to_o inherit_v the_o throne_n of_o his_o father_n who_o survive_v till_o the_o three_o of_o april_n in_o the_o year_n 1657._o 1658._o leopold_n the_o present_a emperor_n of_o germany_n and_o son_n of_o ferdinand_n iii_o be_v elect_v on_o the_o eight_o day_n of_o july_n after_o a_o vacancy_n of_o fifteen_o month_n into_o his_o father_n throne_n and_o crown_v at_o francfurt_n the_o twentysecond_a day_n of_o the_o same_o month_n he_o be_v a_o mild_a peaceful_a and_o religious_a prince_n a_o great_a lover_n and_o encourager_n of_o learning_n and_o more_o conversant_a in_o the_o study_n of_o book_n than_o arms._n whether_o his_o young_a son_n now_o live_v who_o be_v not_o yet_o full_a three_o year_n old_a will_v be_v elect_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o the_o grow_a interest_n of_o the_o french_a king_n may_v engage_v a_o party_n strong_a enough_o for_o the_o dauphin_n be_v a_o question_n that_o time_n only_o can_v resolve_v of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o german_a emperor_n though_o the_o word_n imperator_fw-la and_o rex_fw-la seem_v to_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n yet_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o all_o nation_n have_v for_o many_o year_n distinguish_v between_o a_o emperor_n and_o a_o king_n and_o give_v the_o former_a the_o preeminence_n all_o the_o european_a monarch_n that_o write_v themselves_o king_n do_v willing_o and_o ready_o give_v place_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n who_o ambassador_n in_o foreign_a court_n be_v always_o first_o admit_v to_o audience_n david_n vngnade_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n ambassador_n at_o the_o court_n of_o constantinople_n have_v design_v to_o take_v formal_a 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general_o receive_v opinion_n among_o the_o commonalty_n and_o the_o tradition_n be_v stiff_o assert_v and_o maintain_v by_o many_o of_o their_o most_o famous_a writer_n that_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n ancient_o pretend_v to_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o call_v their_o emperor_n der_n romischer_n kayser_n that_o be_v the_o roman_a cesar_n and_o the_o german_a empire_n das_n heilige_v romische_n reich_n that_o be_v the_o holy_a roman_a empire_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o stay_v to_o inquire_v after_o the_o large_a extent_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a empire_n or_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o their_o emperor_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o know_v that_o petronius_n verse_n orbem_fw-la jam_fw-la totum_fw-la victor_n romanus_n habebat_fw-la be_v only_o a_o hyperbolical_a rant_v and_o when_o st._n luke_n tell_v sus_fw-la there_o go_v out_o a_o decree_n from_o cesar_n augustus_n that_o all_o the_o world_n shall_v be_v tax_v he_o mean_v no_o more_o by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d than_o the_o several_a province_n and_o territory_n of_o which_o the_o roman_n have_v then_o make_v themselves_o master_n so_o that_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v which_o we_o shall_v find_v but_o little_a reason_n to_o do_v that_o the_o whole_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o roman_a caesar_n descend_v upon_o the_o german_a emperor_n it_o will_v not_o thence_o follow_v what_o some_o of_o the_o high_a dutch_a writer_n endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o that_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n to_o go_v no_o further_o aught_o to_o pay_v some_o homage_n or_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o we_o can_v indeed_o allow_v they_o so_o much_o as_o this_o that_o the_o german_a emperor_n have_v any_o right_a or_o title_n to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a empire_n the_o original_n of_o this_o conceit_n spring_v hence_o charles_n the_o great_a in_o the_o year_n 800_o come_v to_o rome_n upon_o some_o 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the_o great_a get_v little_o more_o than_o a_o bare_a title_n at_o rome_n and_o that_o some_o other_o consideration_n as_o the_o vast_a extent_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n beyond_o the_o narrow_a compass_n of_o any_o european_a kingdom_n have_v move_v all_o the_o western_a monarch_n to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o emperor_n beside_o the_o crafty_a bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v always_o make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o diminish_v the_o emperor_n power_n and_o grandeur_n lest_o it_o shall_v eclipse_v their_o own_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o authority_n which_o the_o emperor_n do_v still_o retain_v be_v scarce_o sufficient_a to_o secure_v they_o from_o contempt_n and_o the_o imperial_a crown_n bring_v little_o more_o dominion_n along_o with_o it_o though_o much_o more_o honourable_a then_o that_o of_o a_o inferior_a monarch_n it_o be_v a_o undoubted_a prerogative_n of_o every_o great_a monarch_n in_o the_o world_n to_o confer_v title_n of_o honour_n as_o duke_n
unanimous_a be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v the_o whole_a island_n against_o a_o potent_a enemy_n the_o language_n ancient_o speak_v in_o rugen_n be_v a_o dialect_n of_o the_o slavonian_a or_o wendish_n tongue_n language_n language_n but_o after_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n assist_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o stralsund_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o have_v possession_n of_o the_o island_n the_o wendish_n manner_n and_o language_n be_v utter_o abolish_v insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v record_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o rugen_n as_o a_o memorable_a thing_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1404_o there_o be_v one_o old_a woman_n leave_v in_o the_o isle_n that_o understand_v perfect_o and_o can_v speak_v the_o slavonian_a tongue_n at_o this_o day_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n speak_v the_o language_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n and_o some_o few_o especial_o where_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n officer_n keep_v their_o residence_n speak_v swedish_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o 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that_o country_n be_v ready_a to_o do_v sacrifice_n to_o st._n barnabas_n and_o st._n paul_n under_o the_o name_n of_o jupiter_n and_o mercury_n so_o these_o poor_a people_n mistake_v god_n minister_n for_o god_n himself_o idolise_v st._n vite_fw-la a_o poor_a monk_n that_o have_v undertake_v their_o conversion_n by_o the_o name_n of_o swant_n which_o name_n be_v afterward_o give_v to_o a_o monstrous_a four_o head_a image_n which_o they_o worship_v in_o a_o sumptuous_a temple_n to_o this_o idol_n all_o the_o rugian_o repair_v as_o to_o a_o oracle_n for_o advice_n and_o the_o foreign_a merchant_n that_o have_v make_v a_o safe_a voyage_n be_v oblige_v to_o offer_v up_o some_o of_o their_o best_a merchandise_n as_o a_o tribute_n of_o thanksgiving_n to_o this_o grand_a tutelary_a god_n of_o the_o island_n three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v keep_v constant_o for_o the_o service_n of_o swant_n one_o whereof_o be_v white_a and_o never_o rid_v but_o by_o the_o chief_a priest_n this_o horse_n be_v now_o and_o then_o show_v to_o the_o people_n in_o a_o morning_n all_o over_o besmear_v with_o dirt_n and_o sweat_n the_o priest_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n protest_v to_o the_o multitude_n that_o swant_n himself_o have_v bring_v the_o beast_n into_o that_o pickle_n by_o engage_v with_o and_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n of_o rugen_n the_o night_n before_o the_o manner_n of_o worship_v this_o idol_n which_o stand_v in_o arcona_n the_o famous_a city_n in_o old_a rugen_n before_o mention_v be_v thus_o the_o chief_a priest_n look_v into_o a_o horn_n which_o the_o image_n hold_v in_o its_o right_a hand_n and_o which_o have_v be_v fill_v the_o year_n before_o with_o a_o precious_a liquor_n prognosticate_v from_o the_o good_a quantity_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o liquor_n therein_o contain_v the_o plenty_n or_o dearth_n of_o the_o year_n follow_v that_o do_v with_o his_o lip_n shut_v for_o fear_v of_o harm_v the_o idol_n with_o his_o breath_n he_o very_o solemn_o pour_v out_o the_o remain_a liquor_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o image_n and_o have_v replenish_v it_o afresh_o place_v it_o again_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o reverence_n in_o the_o god_n right_a hand_n whence_o he_o have_v take_v it_o down_o these_o ceremony_n be_v end_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o anniversary_n feast_v and_o jollity_n in_o this_o miserable_a condition_n the_o rugian_o continue_v for_o some_o age_n until_o by_o a_o continual_a conversation_n with_o their_o neighbour_n the_o pomeranian_o they_o be_v almost_o insensible_o turn_v christian_n and_o about_o five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o at_o last_o whole_o quit_v their_o idolatrous_a practice_n and_o at_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o rugen_n be_v as_o zealous_a assertor_n and_o maintainer_n of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n as_o any_o german_n whatever_n the_o isle_n be_v ancient_o govern_v by_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o grammar_n grammar_n who_o dominion_n reach_v beyond_o the_o narrow_a boundary_n the_o sea_n have_v set_v they_o a_o great_a way_n into_o pomeren_n take_v in_o all_o the_o territory_n near_o stralsund_n gripswald_n and_o other_o place_n now_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n antiquity_n will_v afford_v we_o a_o register_n of_o eleven_o prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o those_o in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1._o wislaus_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n i._o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 938._o 2._o grimus_fw-la remarkable_a for_o nothing_o but_o his_o fill_v up_o a_o space_n in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o these_o prince_n 3._o cruco_n or_o crito_n at_o the_o same_o time_n prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o petty_a king_n of_o the_o obatriti_n in_o the_o year_n 1100_o who_o after_o he_o have_v for_o some_o year_n exercise_v idolatry_n and_o tyranny_n in_o his_o dominion_n be_v depose_v and_o slay_v by_o henry_n son_n of_o gothscalc_n another_o inconsiderable_a king_n of_o the_o say_v obitriti_n at_o the_o 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after_o many_o engagement_n get_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n ease_v from_o that_o yoke_n in_o the_o year_n 1259._o 10._o witzlaus_n iii_o jarimar_n the_o second_o be_v son_n a_o great_a promoter_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o liefland_n where_o himself_o sometime_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o office_n of_o a_o priest_n preach_v christianity_n to_o the_o poor_a infidel_n of_o those_o part_n 11._o witzlaus_n iv_o the_o last_o prince_n of_o rugen_n of_o this_o family_n upon_o the_o unruly_a growth_n of_o the_o great_a city_n of_o stralsund_n the_o merchant_n and_o burgher_n find_v themselves_o able_a enough_o to_o grapple_v with_o this_o prince_n be_v resolve_v to_o be_v no_o long_o subject_n to_o he_o or_o any_o of_o his_o successor_n if_o by_o violence_n or_o otherwise_o they_o can_v procure_v their_o liberty_n whereupon_o they_o open_o proclaim_v themselves_o a_o free_a city_n declare_v that_o neither_o the_o prince_n of_o rugen_n nor_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n 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of_o the_o duke_n of_o
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in_o his_o drunkenness_n which_o the_o tartar_n be_v use_v to_o pardon_v he_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n this_o batu_n therefore_o his_o son_n sartach_v also_o possese_v northwards_o all_o betwixt_o don_n and_o volga_n fall_v upon_o the_o nation_n call_v comani_fw-la war_n his_o war_n alani_n and_o gazani_n live_v between_o the_o euxin_n and_o caspian_a sea_n and_o whole_o waste_v their_o country_n destroy_v all_o except_o some_o few_o who_o flee_v into_o hungary_n and_o there_o get_v for_o awhile_o secure_a habitation_n afterward_o he_o fall_v upon_o the_o polowczi_n seat_v upon_o the_o tanais_n and_o all_o along_o upon_o the_o north_n of_o palus_n maeotis_n they_o be_v common_o say_v to_o have_v be_v gothic_n nation_n but_o polotwski_n be_v call_v by_o the_o russes_z such_o as_o live_v without_o house_n in_o wagon_n wander_v from_o place_n to_o place_n as_o they_o can_v find_v pasture_n for_o their_o cattle_n whatever_o they_o be_v they_o send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o russes_z their_o 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sendomiria_n the_o next_o year_n he_o enter_v again_o and_o force_v boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a duke_n of_o poland_n out_o of_o the_o country_n who_o retire_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o willehrad_n in_o moravia_n peta_n then_o also_o burn_v cracovia_n all_o except_o st._n andrews_n church_n which_o be_v fortify_v and_o well_o defend_v against_o they_o thence_o they_o come_v to_o breslaw_n in_o silesia_n which_o they_o find_v burn_v to_o their_o hand_n by_o the_o soldier_n and_o inhabitant_n despair_v to_o keep_v it_o thence_o they_o come_v to_o lignitz_n where_o henry_n duke_n of_o silesia_n have_v get_v together_o a_o considerable_a army_n beside_o those_o bring_v to_o he_o from_o poland_n prussia_n and_o many_o other_o place_n and_o give_v battle_n to_o the_o tatar_n who_o there_o obtain_v a_o very_a great_a victory_n henry_n the_o grand_a master_n of_o the_o dutch_a knight_n and_o many_o other_o person_n of_o quality_n be_v slay_v and_o
still_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o that_o time_n the_o polander_n begin_v to_o sleight_n and_o hate_v the_o silesian_n seldom_o call_v any_o of_o the_o silesian_n nobility_n to_o council_n of_o parliament_n and_o balk_v the_o right_a succession_n if_o any_o of_o this_o province_n have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n these_o jealousy_n and_o quarrel_n be_v foment_v and_o increase_v by_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o by_o this_o mean_v whedle_v the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n into_o his_o yoke_n and_o afterward_o force_v casimir_n the_o great_a to_o resign_v the_o supreme_a government_n of_o that_o province_n into_o his_o hand_n after_o this_o the_o pole_n though_o they_o have_v frequent_a skirmish_n with_o the_o bohemian_o yet_o never_o regain_v any_o considerable_a foot_n in_o silesia_n for_o except_v the_o small_a territory_n of_o wschovia_n retake_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a a.d._n 1343_o and_o some_o other_o parcel_n of_o ground_n annex_v to_o the_o estate_n of_o several_a bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o poland_n silesia_n be_v at_o present_a whole_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n lusatia_n be_v once_o conquer_v by_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n but_o soon_o after_o lose_v again_o lusâ—â—â—â—_n lusâ—â—â—â—_n for_o though_o when_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n subdue_v silesia_n lusatia_n be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o that_o country_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o so_o continue_v yet_o the_o polander_n claim_v no_o more_o of_o it_o as_o lord_n of_o silesia_n than_o a_o few_o frontier_n town_n the_o rest_n be_v under_o the_o marquess_n of_o misnia_n and_o lusatia_n prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o goldastus_n prove_v it_o be_v without_o all_o authority_n of_o annal_n what_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o by_o etymology_n maâ—â—â—_n neâ—_n maâ—â—â—_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n that_o new_a marck_n indeed_o or_o at_o least_o a_o good_a share_n of_o it_o be_v they_o be_v beyond_o all_o controversy_n since_o as_o the_o best_a historian_n witness_v miecislaus_fw-la or_o miscio_n the_o first_o christian_a duke_n of_o poland_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n first_o found_v the_o bishopric_n of_o lubuss_n this_o city_n be_v take_v from_o the_o polander_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o second_o but_o recover_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o successor_n keep_v it_o till_o the_o year_n 1109_o when_o it_o be_v again_o take_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n v_n who_o give_v it_o to_o adelgot_v archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o soon_o after_o it_o return_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o pole_n when_o silesia_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v divide_v among_o the_o son_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o second_o the_o territory_n of_o lubuss_n devolve_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o silesian_n duke_n whence_o it_o happen_v within_o a_o short_a while_n after_o to_o be_v make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n cromer_n say_v it_o be_v mortgage_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o bald_a and_o never_o redeem_v but_o dlugossus_n ad_fw-la ann_n 1198._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v sell_v by_o boleslaus_n son_n to_o henry_n duke_n of_o vratislavia_n from_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v have_v very_o little_a to_o do_v in_o new_a marck_n and_o at_o present_a have_v not_o one_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o it_o vladislaus_n jagello_n bring_v it_o whole_o under_o his_o power_n but_o his_o son_n find_v it_o too_o hot_a service_n for_o he_o to_o keep_v it_o and_o be_v therefore_o fain_o to_o resign_v it_o up_o to_o the_o marquis_n john_n casimir_n their_o late_a king_n part_v with_o the_o last_o stake_n by_o deliver_v up_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o drahim_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o the_o treaty_n at_o bydgost_n in_o the_o year_n 1657._o that_o the_o slavonian_n be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n be_v undeniable_o true_a …_o pom_n …_o pomorska_n in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n signify_v near_o the_o sea_n whence_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n a_o ancient_a and_o judicious_a polish_v writer_n use_v frequent_o the_o word_n maritima_n for_o pomeren_n and_o speak_v of_o this_o country_n these_o phrase_n be_v ordinary_a with_o he_o maritimae_n praeses_fw-la maritimae_n dux_n ingressus_fw-la est_fw-la maritimam_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o polander_n be_v master_n of_o pomeren_n immediate_o upon_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o slavoniaus_n be_v a_o grand_a question_n which_o the_o pole_n affirm_v but_o the_o pomeranian_o deny_v and_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n between_o they_o helmoldus_n agree_v as_o it_o shall_v seem_v with_o the_o latter_a place_n pomeren_n among_o the_o free_a slavonian_a province_n lie_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n and_o before_o his_o day_n adam_n bremensis_n give_v we_o the_o same_o account_n micraelius_n a_o historian_n of_o good_a credit_n lib._n 2._o chron._n pomer_n num_fw-la 46._o p._n 191._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o first_o entrance_n which_o the_o polander_n make_v upon_o pomeren_n be_v in_o the_o ten_o century_n when_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o authorize_v boleslaus_n chrobri_n king_n of_o poland_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o and_o bring_v into_o his_o subjection_n the_o prussian_n pomeranians_n wendi_n and_o russian_n which_o do_v the_o emperor_n at_o a_o visit_n give_v king_n boleslaus_n make_v the_o bishop_n of_o colberg_n a_o suffragan_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o eleven_o century_n miecislaus_fw-la ii_o spread_v his_o dominion_n all_o over_o casubia_n and_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n put_v garrison_n into_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o castle_n between_o the_o persandt_n and_o the_o vistula_n and_o commit_v the_o government_n of_o they_o to_o bela_n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n brother_n but_o upon_o bela_n return_n into_o hungary_n pomeren_n shake_v off_o the_o polish_v yoke_n and_o only_o be_v subject_n to_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o till_o svantibor_n surrender_v it_o again_o to_o boleslaus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v free_v he_o from_o prison_n to_o which_o his_o own_o subject_n have_v commit_v he_o after_o svantibors_n death_n the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v divide_v among_o his_o four_o son_n whereof_o two_o who_o be_v duke_n of_o the_o western_a pomeren_n from_o colberg_n as_o far_o as_o the_o marck_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburgh_n be_v admit_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o frederick_n barbarossa_n the_o other_o two_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v themselves_o subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o the_o pomeranian_o soon_o weary_a of_o bondage_n revolt_v once_o more_o from_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o perhaps_o have_v for_o ever_o reject_v his_o government_n have_v not_o mestwin_n their_o duke_n want_v issue_n endeavour_v to_o subject_v they_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n for_o look_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n as_o mere_a stranger_n be_v indeed_o three_o part_n of_o they_o german_n they_o choose_v rather_o to_o give_v themselves_o up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o acquaintance_n then_o to_o be_v slave_n to_o a_o upstart_n and_o foreign_a nation_n whereupon_o they_o unanimous_o swear_v fealty_n to_o praemislaus_fw-la ii_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o quarter_v his_o coat_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n the_o gryphin_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n become_v sole_a lord_n of_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n in_o the_o year_n 1460_o casimir_n jagellonides_n straighten_a in_o the_o war_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o against_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o prussia_n commit_v the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o lavenburgh_n and_o bouta_n to_o the_o trust_n of_o eric_n ii_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n who_o successor_n george_n son_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la x._o and_o nephew_n to_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n have_v these_o city_n confirm_v to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n upon_o condition_n of_o pay_v some_o sleight_n acknowledgement_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o these_o term_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n renew_v his_o title_n to_o these_o place_n after_o the_o usual_a fashion_n by_o his_o ambassador_n in_o the_o year_n 1670._o what_o right_a the_o polander_n have_v at_o this_o day_n in_o prussia_n we_o have_v show_v before_o but_o former_o their_o pretension_n be_v much_o great_a than_o now_o sometime_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n lord_v it_o over_o the_o prussian_n and_o make_v the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_v his_o vicegerent_n but_o in_o the_o treaty_n make_v between_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n and_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o the_o
chief_a security_n to_o the_o russes_z on_o this_o side_n but_o now_o be_v all_o give_v up_o by_o the_o forementioned_a treaty_n a._n d._n 1616_o into_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o swede_n as_o 1._o notteburg_n which_o the_o russes_z call_v oresia_n i._n e._n a_o nut_n from_o its_o compactness_n and_o strength_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o small_a island_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n nieva_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o breadth_n be_v a_o great_a security_n to_o it_o about_o the_o year_n 1614_o gustavus_n adolphus_n besiege_v this_o city_n and_o after_o he_o have_v lie_v before_o it_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n for_o a_o long_a time_n and_o not_o by_o force_n able_a to_o gain_v it_o it_o be_v at_o last_o by_o the_o burgher_n voluntary_o surrender_v up_o to_o he_o not_o because_o they_o want_v any_o provision_n necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o city_n but_o because_o as_o be_v report_v a_o strange_a distemper_n of_o boil_n or_o wart_n in_o the_o mouth_n and_o throat_n seize_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n so_o that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o eat_v any_o victual_n or_o sufficient_o to_o secure_v their_o bastion_n against_o so_o potent_a a_o enemy_n 2._o ivanogorod_n build_v upon_o a_o rock_n in_o a_o small_a isthmus_n at_o the_o confluence_n of_o two_o river_n it_o lie_v opposite_a to_o narva_n part_v from_o it_o only_o by_o a_o large_a and_o rapid_a river_n which_o run_v from_o the_o lake_n peipus_n and_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o finnic_a bay_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o this_o city_n there_o be_v a_o small_a mount_n make_v hollow_a partly_o by_o art_n and_o partly_o by_o nature_n in_o the_o side_n of_o which_o many_o of_o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o people_n such_o as_o ordinary_o live_v in_o the_o suburb_n of_o great_a city_n come_v to_o inhabit_v 3._o jamagorod_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n laga_n 4._o capurium_n or_o coporio_n a_o strong_a fort_n lie_v upon_o the_o finnic_a bay_n all_o these_o city_n and_o fort_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o peace_n conclude_v betwixt_o gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o muscovite_n a_o 1616_o or_o 1617._o be_v deliver_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o ever_o since_o by_o they_o retain_v of_o what_o be_v give_v to_o the_o tzar_n by_o that_o treaty_n see_v what_o be_v say_v in_o muscovy_n p._n 23._o concern_v the_o province_n of_o novogorod_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o new_a accession_n in_o livonia_n some_o livonia_n livonia_n though_o the_o lesser_a part_n of_o livonia_n or_o liefland_n as_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o poland_n where_o a_o description_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n may_v be_v see_v belong_v at_o present_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n all_o esthonia_n with_o the_o island_n oselia_n and_o some_o town_n in_o lettia_n and_o other_o part_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o baltic_a coast_n be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o hold_v by_o they_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n conclude_v at_o the_o monastery_n of_o oliva_n near_o dantzic_n ann_n 1660_o between_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o charles_n xi_o the_o present_a king_n of_o sweden_n the_o article_n which_o chief_o relate_v to_o the_o swede_n and_o their_o possession_n in_o liefland_n we_o shall_v for_o the_o reader_n satisfaction_n here_o insert_v 1._o it_o be_v agree_v on_o that_o a_o general_a and_o inviolable_a peace_n amnesty_n and_o friendship_n shall_v thenceforward_o be_v maintain_v between_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o sweden_n and_o poland_n the_o emperor_n leopold_n and_o frederic_n wilhelm_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o between_o their_o subject_n of_o what_o degree_n condition_n or_o religion_n soever_o 2._o that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n shall_v renounce_v all_o pretension_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o great_a principality_n of_o finland_n and_o to_o all_o other_o possession_n which_o his_o grandfather_n john_n iii_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v former_o enjoy_v but_o that_o the_o say_v john_n casimir_n during_o his_o life_n might_n when_o he_o write_v to_o any_o prince_n or_o ally_n whatsoever_o use_v the_o arm_n and_o title_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o poland_n only_o observe_v this_o that_o in_o all_o transaction_n betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n he_o shall_v style_v himself_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithvania_n without_o add_v any_o more_o title_n but_o only_o annex_v three_o etcaeteration_n thus_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n great_a duke_n of_o lithvania_n etc._n etc._n etc._n etc._n etc._n etc._n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n after_o the_o title_n of_o great_a duke_n of_o finland_n 3._o that_o the_o king_n and_o state_n of_o poland_n and_o lithvania_n shall_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n all_o livonia_n beyond_o dwina_n with_o the_o island_n run_v and_o some_o other_o place_n beyond_o the_o dwina_n which_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n during_o the_o truce_n have_v possession_n of_o and_o also_o all_o esthonia_n and_o oselia_n and_o all_o city_n town_n fort_n etc._n etc._n that_o do_v former_o any_o way_n belong_v or_o appertain_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v hereby_o oblige_v upon_o the_o surrender_n of_o these_o place_n not_o to_o lay_v any_o claim_n to_o curland_n or_o semigallia_n or_o to_o any_o town_n and_o fort_n that_o belong_v to_o those_o province_n that_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o swedish_n livonia_n shall_v have_v free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n law_n etc._n etc._n with_o undisturbed_a intercourse_n of_o trade_n upon_o the_o dwina_n and_o several_a suchlike_a condition_n the_o whole_a province_n of_o liefland_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o jurisdiction_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o swedish_n and_o polonian_a liefland_n 1._o polonian_a liefland_n liefland_n polonian_a liefland_n which_o lie_v beyond_o the_o dwina_n and_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o dukedom_n or_o principality_n of_o curland_n and_o semigallia_n with_o part_n of_o lettia_n of_o which_o see_v poland_n 2._o swedish_n liefland_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o which_o may_v be_v say_v to_o contain_v the_o district_n of_o esthonia_n odepoa_n oselia_n and_o lettia_n this_o province_n be_v frequent_o subject_v to_o different_a prince_n have_v not_o very_o certain_a limit_n set_v nor_o like_a name_n give_v to_o the_o part_n of_o it_o by_o any_o that_o have_v undertake_v to_o describe_v it_o some_o author_n add_v harland_n and_o verland_n as_o distinct_a province_n from_o the_o former_a which_o may_v seem_v rather_o part_n only_o of_o esthonia_n then_o different_a principality_n from_o the_o rest_n i._o esthonia_n estia_n or_o esthland_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o so_o call_v from_o the_o estii_fw-la its_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o finnic_a bay_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o the_o island_n dagho_n and_o oselia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o lake_n peipus_n and_o part_n of_o muscovy_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o district_n of_o lettia_n and_o the_o river_n dwina_n it_o be_v cut_v out_o into_o five_o division_n or_o diocese_n alentakia_n wiria_n harria_n wicia_n and_o jervia_n 1._o alentakia_n alentakia_n alentakia_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o lake_n peipus_n and_o the_o finnic_a bay_n have_v the_o river_n narva_n on_o the_o east_n and_o on_o the_o west_n the_o district_n of_o wiria_n in_o it_o be_v two_o city_n of_o note_n 1._o narva_n call_v common_o the_o german_a narva_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o muscovitic_a narva_n which_o lie_v opposite_a to_o it_o upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n not_o far_o from_o the_o famous_a fort_n ivanogorod_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a strength_n and_o consideration_n and_o ordinary_o well_o garrison_v with_o swedish_n soldier_n behind_o the_o castle_n there_o be_v a_o small_a piece_n of_o ground_n encompass_v with_o wooden_a pale_n which_o be_v give_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n to_o the_o russes_z where_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o live_v and_o enjoy_v free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n the_o german_a lutheran_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a number_n that_o reside_v here_o have_v a_o particular_a church_n allow_v they_o and_o sermon_n preach_v to_o they_o in_o their_o own_o language_n this_o city_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o waldemarus_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n a._n d._n 1223._o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o russes_z in_o 1558_o and_o by_o they_o lose_v to_o the_o swede_n a._n d._n 1581._o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1599_o by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n confirm_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o ever_o since_o by_o they_o possess_v it_o lie_v in_o 60_o deg_fw-la of_o northerly_a latitude_n
serve_v for_o a_o good_a landmark_n to_o the_o seaman_n that_o sail_v along_o this_o dangerous_a shore_n this_o church_n be_v first_o build_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n by_o king_n eric_n barn_n who_o st._n ansgar_n have_v convert_v to_o christianity_n about_o the_o year_n 848._o near_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n after_o upon_o the_o reclaim_n of_o the_o dane_n from_o the_o idolatry_n they_o be_v relapse_v into_o this_o church_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o cathedral_n and_o ripen_v make_v a_o bishop_n see_v as_o it_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o university_n at_o ripen_v but_o come_v far_o short_a of_o that_o at_o copenhagen_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n of_o moment_n in_o this_o diocese_n be_v 1._o kolding_n first_o build_v by_o eric_n glip_v about_o the_o year_n 1268_o in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o fortify_v with_o such_o strong_a wall_n and_o good_a ditch_n as_o make_v it_o a_o city_n able_a to_o defend_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o danish_a dominion_n which_o in_o those_o day_n reach_v no_o further_a south_n than_o this_o place_n but_o they_o that_o think_v kolding_n have_v its_o name_n from_o ptolomy_n chali_n who_o seem_v to_o be_v place_v in_o this_o part_n of_o jutland_n make_v it_o a_o city_n much_o more_o ancient_a christian_n iii_o be_v so_o much_o take_v with_o the_o situation_n of_o it_o and_o plenty_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o country_n adjoin_v that_o he_o remove_v his_o court_n to_o the_o castle_n arnsburgh_n which_o hang_v over_o the_o town_n which_o he_o repair_v and_o in_o which_o he_o end_v his_o day_n on_o the_o south_n the_o city_n be_v wash_v by_o a_o river_n which_o divide_v the_o northern_a jutland_n from_o the_o southern_a and_o separate_v itself_o into_o two_o branch_n be_v empty_v soon_o after_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o bridge_n over_o this_o river_n bring_v yearly_o a_o great_a treasure_n into_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n coffer_n for_o beside_o the_o impost_n upon_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o commodity_n for_o every_o ox_n or_o horse_n that_o pass_v this_o bridge_n towards_o holstein_n or_o any_o of_o the_o hans_n town_n the_o owner_n pay_v a_o rixdollar_n which_o consider_v the_o infinite_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o kine_n which_o be_v yearly_o send_v this_o way_n out_o of_o the_o northern_a jutland_n must_v needs_o amount_v to_o a_o vast_a revenue_n 2._o we_o will_v a_o compact_n neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n on_o the_o baltic_a shore_n but_o not_o very_o large_a 3._o ward_n 4._o rinkope_v both_o seat_v near_o the_o western-shore_n upon_o the_o same_o river_n 5._o holstebro_fw-la 6._o lemwick_n which_o be_v the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o ripen_v northward_o seat_v on_o the_o limfiord_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n at_o jell_v a_o small_a village_n in_o this_o bishopric_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n we_o will_v be_v to_o be_v see_v one_o of_o the_o most_o famon_n runic_a monument_n that_o the_o three_o northern_a kingdom_n afford_v this_o village_n be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o one_o elling_n a_o general_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o and_o fancy_v to_o have_v be_v the_o seat_n of_o several_a danish_a king_n the_o inscription_n have_v be_v think_v worthy_a the_o diligent_a enquiry_n of_o jos_n scaliger_n bonaventura_n vulcanius_n lindenbrogius_fw-la stephanius_n and_o wormius_n and_o may_v therefore_o just_o challenge_v a_o place_n in_o our_o description_n of_o this_o province_n the_o word_n be_v these_o haralter_n kunugr_n bad_a kaurva_fw-la kubl_n dausi_fw-la eft_o gurm_n fadur_v sin_n aug_n eft_o thiurni_n mudur_fw-fr sinasa_fw-la haraltr_n kesor_fw-la van_fw-mi tanmaurk_n alla_fw-mi aug_fw-mi nurvieg_n aug_n tini_fw-la folk_n kristno_n i._n e._n harald_n the_o king_n command_v this_o tomb_n to_o be_v build_v in_o remembrance_n of_o gormo_n his_o father_n and_o thyra_n his_o mother_n harald_n the_o emperor_n win_v denmark_n and_o all_o norway_n and_o christen_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o both_o kingdom_n how_o worthy_a queen_n thyra_n be_v of_o such_o a_o last_a monument_n as_o this_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o and_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n only_o take_v notice_n of_o king_n harald_n style_v himself_n kesor_n or_o emperor_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v do_v in_o contempt_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o have_v conquer_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n annex_v this_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o write_v himself_o emperor_n of_o the_o north_n till_o this_o king_n harald_n blaatand_n force_v he_o to_o retire_v and_o make_v he_o part_v with_o not_o only_o whatever_o he_o have_v take_v in_o jutland_n but_o a_o great_a part_n of_o saxony_n after_o so_o great_a a_o conquest_n and_o defeat_n of_o so_o mighty_a a_o emperor_n he_o have_v reason_n to_o assume_v a_o title_n as_o swell_v as_o ever_o otho_n can_v pretend_v to_o who_o come_v no_o further_o than_o othesundt_fw-mi with_o his_o army_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o helmoldus_n report_v of_o he_o that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o king_n of_o saxony_n as_o to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o law_n which_o be_v to_o this_o day_n observe_v in_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a saxony_n and_o contain_v in_o their_o saxon-spiegel_n southern_a jutland_n the_o southern_a jutland_n which_o be_v often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o sleswic_n reach_v from_o kolding_n and_o the_o river_n leewens_n aa_n as_o far_o as_o the_o dannewirk_n which_o be_v reckon_v about_o eighteen_o german_a mile_n the_o breadth_n of_o it_o do_v not_o anywhere_o exceed_v eight_o seldom_o six_o mile_n the_o chief_a city_n sleswic_n sleswic_n which_o sometime_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v sleswic_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o river_n or_o rather_o a_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n de_fw-fr slye_n so_o that_o sleswic_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o village_n call_v ancient_o by_o the_o saxon_n wic_n by_o the_o hollander_n to_o this_o day_n wiick_n and_o the_o latin_n vicus_n upon_o the_o slye_n hence_o the_o ancient_a people_n of_o these_o part_n be_v call_v by_o ptolemy_n sigulones_n which_o some_o read_v slieuâ—nes_n i.e._n wooner_n or_o dweller_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o sly_a adam_n bremensis_n call_v the_o town_n slias-wig_a and_o ethelwerd_v a_o ancient_a english-saxon_a historian_n give_v we_o this_o account_n of_o it_o anglia_fw-it vetus_fw-la sita_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la saxones_n &_o giotos_n habens_fw-la oppidum_fw-la capitale_n quod_fw-la sermone_fw-la saxonico_n sleswic_n nuncupatur_fw-la secundum_fw-la danos_n vero_fw-la haithaby_n i._n e._n old_a england_n lie_v between_o saxony_n and_o jutland_n the_o metropolis_n of_o which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o saxon_n sleswic_n but_o by_o the_o dane_n haithaby_n in_o a_o old_a history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a it_o be_v call_v sliestorff_n it_o have_v its_o danish_a name_n haitheby_o say_v pontanus_n from_o hetha_n a_o certain_a queen_n of_o denmark_n which_o assertion_n seem_v confirm_v by_o a_o passage_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o king_n aelfred_n english-saxon_a translation_n of_o orosius_n and_o of_o scipinge_n heal_v he_o cÆ¿aeþ_n ê§_n he_o seglode_v on_o fif_n dagan_a to_o þem_v porte_fw-fr þe_fw-fr mon_fw-fr haetaet_fw-la haeðh_n um_o se_fw-mi stint_v betÆ¿uh_o winedum_o &_o seaxum_n &_o angle_n &_o hyrðh_n in_o on_o dene_fw-mi i.e._n and_o from_o sciringes-heal_a he_o say_v that_o he_o sail_v in_o five_o day_n to_o the_o port_n which_o be_v call_v haethe_n which_o stand_v between_o the_o vandal_n vinedi_fw-la saxon_n and_o the_o angle_n to_o who_o it_o be_v subject_a it_o be_v questionless_a heretofore_o a_o city_n much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o britain_n france_n spain_n flanders_n and_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o trade_a world_n adam_n bremensis_n who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 1100_o call_v it_o civitatem_fw-la opulentissimam_fw-la ac_fw-la populosissimam_fw-la i.e._n a_o city_n exceed_v rich_a and_o populous_a and_o so_o it_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v for_o before_o mariner_n learn_v perfect_o the_o way_n of_o shun_v the_o dangerous_a sand_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o jutland_n and_o at_o the_o entrance_n into_o the_o baltic_a carriage_n be_v usual_o bring_v up_o the_o eidor_n and_o threan_a as_o far_o as_o holl_v by_o ship_n and_o thence_o convey_v by_o land_n to_o sleswic_n where_o they_o be_v again_o ship_v and_o so_o transport_v into_o zeeland_n sweden_n etc._n etc._n the_o citizen_n here_o be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n and_o the_o great_a church_n build_v by_o king_n eric_n barn_n assist_v by_o st._n anchar_n about_o the_o year_n 800._o not_o long_o after_o in_o the_o year_n 1064_o the_o slavonian_n make_v incursion_n into_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n
superad_v to_o the_o title_n of_o freyherr_n to_o denote_v the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o four_o who_o bear_v this_o name_n in_o the_o rank_n of_o baron_n paurmeister_n give_v his_o opinion_n of_o the_o case_n propose_v in_o these_o word_n ego_fw-la baronum_fw-la genera_fw-la nulla_fw-la esse_fw-la arbitror_fw-la &_o quocunque_fw-la nomine_fw-la semper-freyen_a freyherrn_n edle_o herrn_n vel_fw-la singulariter_fw-la freyen_fw-mi herrn_n edle_o well_fw-mi die_v edle_n appellantur_fw-la nobilitate_fw-la ac_fw-la dignitate_fw-la pares_fw-la esse_fw-la omnes_fw-la enim_fw-la generali_fw-la vocabulo_fw-la herrn_fw-la comprehenduntur_fw-la ut_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la habet_fw-la decretorum_fw-la comitiorum_fw-la subscriptio_fw-la von_n der_fw-mi graven_n und_fw-ge herrn_fw-ge wegen_fw-ge i._n e._n i_o do_v not_o think_v there_o be_v any_o different_a kind_n of_o baron_n but_o that_o whatever_o title_n they_o may_v have_v whether_o semper-freyen_a freyherrn_n edle_o herrn_n freyen_fw-mi herrn_v or_o edle_n they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o notwithstanding_o of_o equal_a nobility_n and_o dignity_n since_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o the_o general_a title_n of_o herrn_n as_o we_o find_v the_o decree_n ancient_o pass_v in_o the_o diet_n subscribe_v von_n der_fw-mi graven_n und_fw-ge herrn_fw-ge wegen_fw-ge i._n e._n by_o assent_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o count_n and_o baron_n and_o as_o herrn_n be_v a_o common_a name_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o german_a baron_n so_o be_v herrschaft_n a_o general_a name_n for_o a_o barony_n which_o two_o word_n the_o high_a dutch_a use_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o we_o do_v lord_n and_o lordship_n we_o see_v then_o what_o the_o title_n of_o freyherr_a signify_v â—â—â—on_n â—â—â—on_n and_o in_o the_o modern_a writing_n of_o the_o german_n we_o seldom_o or_o never_o meet_v with_o the_o word_n baron_fw-fr though_o this_o be_v as_o ordinary_a in_o spain_n italy_n france_n and_o england_n as_o the_o former_a be_v in_o germany_n however_o schottelius_fw-la who_o make_v as_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o ancient_a monument_n and_o record_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n as_o any_o man_n whatever_o assure_v we_o that_o bar_n or_o baar_n in_o old_a teutonic_n manuscript_n signify_v a_o baron_n and_o be_v common_o there_o use_v instead_o of_o the_o more_o modern_a word_n freyherr_a and_o possible_o there_o may_v be_v as_o just_a ground_n for_o derive_v baro_n from_o the_o high_a dutch_a as_o either_o the_o latin_a or_o greek_a for_o the_o latin_a word_n virro_n signify_v a_o man_n separate_v and_o distinct_a from_o the_o vulgar_a by_o his_o virtue_n whence_o the_o generality_n of_o critic_n derive_v baro_n have_v in_o all_o probability_n be_v borrow_v of_o the_o high_a dutch_a in_o who_o ancient_a law_n baro_n or_o barus_n and_o foemina_fw-la do_v usual_o occur_v for_o a_o man_n or_o woman_n the_o english_a saxon_n call_v a_o man_n Æ¿er_n or_o Æ¿ar_v which_o the_o old_a frank_n turn_v into_o berinthia_n and_o afterward_o paro_n in_o junius_n edition_n of_o the_o codex_fw-la argenteus_n the_o gothic_a word_n wair_n be_v use_v for_o man_n and_z waire_z in_o the_o plural_a for_o man_n sometime_o instead_o of_o baron_n the_o german_n use_v the_o title_n of_o bannerherr_a â—â—nner-herr_a â—â—nner-herr_a or_o panner-herr_a which_o may_v be_v render_v dominus_fw-la vexillifer_fw-la and_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o banneret_n i_o can_v certain_o affirm_v that_o the_o word_n bannerherr_a though_o ordinary_o meet_v with_o in_o german_a writer_n be_v ever_o make_v use_n of_o to_o denote_v any_o high_a dutch_a title_n of_o honour_n but_o only_o to_o express_v the_o honorary_a title_n of_o other_o nation_n what_o a_o chivalier_n banneret_n or_o knight_n banneret_n which_o the_o german_n usual_o render_v bannerherr_a do_v signify_v may_v be_v learn_v from_o the_o account_n which_o the_o author_n of_o la_fw-fr division_n du_fw-fr mond_fw-fr give_v of_o it_o pour_v fair_a say_v he_o un_fw-fr chevalier_n banneret_n cest_fw-fr quant_fw-fr il_fw-fr a_o longement_n suyvy_fw-fr les_fw-fr guerre_v et_fw-fr que_fw-fr il_fw-fr a_fw-fr assez_fw-fr terres_fw-la et_fw-fr revenue_n tant_fw-fr que_fw-fr il_fw-fr peult_n tenir_fw-fr et_fw-fr soudoyer_fw-fr cinquant_n gentiles_n home_n pour_fw-fr accompagnier_fw-fr sa_fw-fr banniere_n lord_fw-mi il_fw-fr peult_n licitement_n lever_n ladit_fw-la banniere_n et_fw-fr non_fw-fr autrement_fw-fr car_fw-fr nul_fw-fr autre_fw-fr home_fw-fr ne_fw-fr pvit_fw-fr porter_n banniere_n en_fw-fr battaile_n sil_fw-fr n'a_fw-fr cinquant_a home_n prestz_fw-fr pour_fw-fr battailler_n which_o story_n of_o maintain_v fifty_o man_n under_o he_o to_o accompany_v his_o banner_n be_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o old_a print_a copy_n of_o gesta_fw-la romanorum_fw-la in_o french_a notwithstanding_o the_o assertion_n of_o some_o late_a author_n that_o a_o banneret_n need_v have_v no_o more_o than_o twenty-five_o some_o say_v ten_o man_n under_o he_o the_o german_n call_v a_o knight_n ritter_n â—â—tter_n â—â—tter_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o the_o latin_n style_v he_o eques_fw-la because_o this_o title_n be_v former_o never_o confer_v upon_o any_o man_n that_o have_v not_o perform_v some_o gallant_a exploit_n in_o the_o field_n and_o who_o be_v dub_v knight_n by_o be_v accouter_v with_o a_o sword_n and_o pair_n of_o spur_n one_o of_o our_o ancient_a english_a poet_n dan._n lydgate_n give_v we_o a_o full_a explication_n of_o the_o title_n of_o ritter_n in_o these_o word_n eques_fw-la ab_fw-la equo_fw-la be_v say_v of_o very_a right_n and_o chevalier_n be_v say_v of_o chivalry_n in_o which_o a_o rider_n call_v be_v a_o knight_n arragoner_n do_v also_o specify_v caballiero_n through_o all_o that_o party_n be_v name_n of_o worship_n and_o so_o take_v his_o '_o ginning_n of_o spur_n of_o gold_n and_o chief_o ride_v the_o first_o original_n of_o dub_a of_o knight_n with_o a_o sword_n come_v probable_o from_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n of_o gird_v their_o young_a man_n with_o a_o sword_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arms._n nihil_fw-la say_v tacitus_n speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a german_n neque_fw-la publicae_fw-la neque_fw-la privatae_fw-la rei_fw-la nisi_fw-la armati_fw-la agunt_fw-la sed_fw-la arma_fw-la sumere_fw-la non_fw-la ante_fw-la cviquam_fw-la moris_fw-la quam_fw-la civitas_n suffecturum_fw-la probaverit_fw-la tum_o in_o ipso_fw-la concilio_fw-la vel_fw-la principum_fw-la aliquis_fw-la vel_fw-la pater_fw-la vel_fw-la propinquus_n scuto_fw-la frameaque_fw-la juvenem_fw-la ornant_fw-la haec_fw-la apud_fw-la illos_fw-la toga_fw-la hic_fw-la primus_fw-la juventae_fw-la honos_fw-la ante_fw-la hoc_fw-la domus_fw-la pars_fw-la videntur_fw-la mox_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la beside_o this_o ceremony_n of_o give_v a_o lance_n or_o target_n to_o such_o as_o be_v admit_v member_n of_o the_o empire_n they_o have_v another_o way_n of_o adopt_v son_n per_fw-la arma_fw-la thus_o theodoric_n king_n of_o the_o eastern_a goth_n in_o italy_n adopt_v the_o king_n of_o the_o heruli_n by_o a_o charter_n still_o extant_a in_o cassiodorus_n northern_a history_n and_o hence_o justin_n the_o elder_a be_v about_o to_o adopt_v cosroes_n the_o king_n of_o persia_n son_n be_v advise_v by_o proclus_n his_o chancellor_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o procopius_n speak_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n that_o it_o shall_v be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n who_o do_v not_o adopt_v son_n by_o write_v but_o by_o arms._n there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o several_a order_n of_o knighthood_n in_o germany_n as_o in_o most_o other_o european_a nation_n knighthood_n order_n of_o knighthood_n if_o we_o except_o those_o who_o have_v any_o honour_n and_o title_n of_o some_o particular_a order_n send_v they_o from_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n england_n and_o denmark_n for_o from_o these_o prince_n several_a duke_n count_n and_o other_o grandee_n of_o the_o empire_n receive_v the_o honorary_a title_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n the_o garter_n and_o the_o elephant_n the_o teutonic_n order_n of_o knighthood_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v something_o before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o prussia_n be_v first_o institute_v under_o the_o wall_n of_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n although_o jacob_n de_fw-fr vitriaco_n polydore_n vergilius_n gretser_n and_o several_a other_o historian_n of_o good_a note_n make_v the_o order_n much_o more_o ancient_a after_o the_o city_n be_v take_v by_o the_o christian_n these_o new_a knight_n who_o be_v most_o of_o they_o citizen_n of_o lubec_n and_o bremen_n fix_v themselves_o at_o a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v sometime_o style_v equites_fw-la mariani_n here_o they_o be_v settle_v under_o henry_n walpot_n von_fw-mi passenheim_n their_o first_o great_a master_n in_o the_o year_n 1190._o afterward_o when_o the_o christian_n be_v beat_v out_o of_o syria_n they_o remove_v to_o venice_n and_o thence_o to_o marpurg_n in_o hassia_n where_o as_o in_o several_a other_o part_n of_o germany_n their_o convent_n be_v endow_v with_o fair_a revenue_n whence_o some_o fancy_n they_o first_o get_v the_o name_n of_o equites_fw-la
death_n elect_v emperor_n whereupon_o he_o confer_v the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n upon_o his_o brother_n 17._o sigismond_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n who_o succeed_v his_o brother_n in_o the_o empire_n sell_v the_o marquisate_n to_o jodocus_n duke_n of_o moravia_n but_o afterward_o have_v redeem_v it_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o william_n marquis_n of_o misnia_n to_o who_o jodicus_n have_v mortgage_v it_o confer_v it_o upon_o frideric_n burggraf_n of_o noremberg_n at_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n in_o the_o year_n 1417._o from_o which_o time_n we_o may_v begin_v to_o reckon_v up_o the_o three_o and_o last_o catalogue_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n as_o follow_v 1._o frideric_n burggraf_n of_o noremberg_n be_v in_o consideration_n of_o his_o good_a service_n do_v against_o the_o rebel_n in_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n create_v as_o before_o say_v marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n pay_v only_o for_o his_o investiture_n 400000_o crown_n his_o son_n 2._o frideric_n ii_o succeed_v his_o father_n surname_v for_o his_o peevish_a and_o cruel_a temper_n the_o marquis_n with_o the_o iron_n tooth_n he_o be_v make_v duke_n of_o pomeren_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iii_o but_o his_o brother_n 3_o albert_n relinquish_v all_o but_o the_o bare_a title_n in_o pomeren_n leave_v nothing_o to_o his_o successor_n but_o the_o name_n which_o they_o have_v hitherto_o keep_v of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n however_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v so_o remarkable_a at_o some_o act_n of_o chivalry_n that_o the_o usual_a title_n confer_v on_o he_o by_o pope_n pius_n ii_o be_v achilles_n germanicus_n and_o ulysses_n teutonicus_n he_o die_v at_o francfurt_n at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n in_o the_o year_n 1494._o his_o son_n 4._o john_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v a_o prince_n as_o eloquent_a as_o his_o father_n be_v valiant_a and_o therefore_o he_o be_v common_o style_v cicero_n germanicus_n he_o leave_v the_o marquisate_n in_o the_o year_n 1499_o to_o his_o son_n 5._o joachim_n as_o great_a a_o lover_n as_o his_o father_n be_v a_o master_n of_o eloquence_n founder_n of_o the_o university_n at_o francfurt_n and_o first_o authorizer_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n in_o brandenburg_n 6._o joachim_n ii_o succeed_v his_o father_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1534_o get_v himself_o and_o his_o follower_n no_o small_a credit_n in_o a_o brave_a expedition_n against_o the_o turk_n at_o that_o time_n the_o common_a enemy_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n his_o son_n and_o successor_n 7._o john_n george_n govern_v a_o long_a time_n in_o peace_n and_o prosperity_n during_o his_o life_n his_o son_n 8._o joachim_n frideric_n be_v administrator_n of_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o after_o his_o father_n death_n govern_v the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n with_o the_o same_o peaceable_a meekness_n and_o piety_n he_o have_v the_o usual_a blessing_n of_o good_a and_o religious_a man_n the_o happiness_n to_o be_v a_o father_n of_o many_o child_n whereof_o the_o elder_a 9_o john_n sigismond_n succeed_v he_o he_o marry_v ann_n daughter_n of_o albert-frideric_a duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o mary_n eleanor_n his_o wife_n daughter_n of_o william_n i._o duke_n of_o cleve_n who_o marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o the_o say_a duke_n as_o he_o do_v all_o the_o rest_n to_o other_o prince_n with_o promise_n that_o upon_o the_o decease_n of_o her_o brethren_n without_o issue_n she_o and_o her_o heir_n shall_v succeed_v to_o all_o his_o territory_n upon_o this_o title_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n lay_v claim_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o cleve_n juliers_n and_o bergen_n or_o the_o mountain_n with_o the_o county_n of_o ravensburg_n 10._o george-william_n son_n to_o john_n sigismond_n and_o the_o lady_n ann_n beforemention_v claim_v in_o his_o mother_n right_n the_o dukedom_n aforesaid_a together_o with_o the_o barony_n of_o ravenstein_n all_o which_o be_v part_v betwixt_o he_o and_o his_o cousin-german_a wolfgangus_n palatine_n of_o newburg_n and_o son_n of_o magdalen_n young_a sister_n to_o mary-eleanor_n but_o fall_v out_o at_o last_o about_o the_o division_n of_o their_o territory_n they_o engage_v their_o friend_n and_o ally_n in_o the_o broil_n the_o palatine_a have_v call_v in_o to_o his_o assistance_n the_o force_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o elector_n john_n sigismond_n in_o behalf_n of_o his_o son_n the_o confederate_a state_n of_o the_o netherlands_o after_o the_o death_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la duke_n of_o pomeren_n it_o be_v hope_v he_o may_v succeed_v into_o that_o dukedom_n also_o but_o how_o the_o swede_n balk_v those_o expectation_n in_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n we_o have_v already_o inform_v the_o reader_n this_o marquise_n son_n 11._o frideric_n william_n be_v at_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n a_o prince_n wise_a valiant_a religious_a temperate_a chaste_a and_o in_o a_o word_n master_n of_o all_o the_o noble_a virtue_n without_o the_o least_o mixture_n of_o vice_n of_o his_o countryand_n family_n he_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o year_n 1620_o and_o upon_o his_o father_n death_n declare_v elector_n in_o the_o year_n 1656._o he_o have_v several_a child_n by_o both_o his_o wife_n before_o mention_v whereof_o the_o elder_a son_n or_o electoral_a prince_n charles_n emile_n be_v bear_v the_o six_o of_o february_n in_o the_o year_n 1655._o though_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n be_v former_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o much_o more_o potent_a prince_n than_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n strength_n strength_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n have_v always_o take_v place_n of_o he_o at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o emperor_n yet_o certain_o the_o case_n be_v much_o alter_v at_o present_a and_o the_o many_o accession_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n dominion_n whereof_o the_o present_a marquis_n and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n in_o these_o last_o age_n have_v render_v he_o the_o most_o powerful_a and_o formidable_a prince_n next_o to_o the_o austrian_a family_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n beside_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n he_o challenge_v the_o dukedom_n of_o magdeburg_n preussen_n juliers_n cleves_n bergen_n stetin_n pomeren_n casubia_n vandalia_n silesia_n crossen_n and_o jagerndorff_n again_o he_o write_v himself_o duke_n of_o rugen_n prince_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n earl_n of_o the_o marck_n and_o ravensberg_n and_o last_o baron_n of_o ravenstein_n the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n chief_a interest_n seem_v to_o consist_v in_o a_o firm_a adherence_n to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n interest_n interest_n who_o possible_o be_v the_o only_a prince_n can_v secure_v he_o from_o the_o encroachment_n of_o his_o neighbour_n the_o swede_n next_o to_o the_o swede_n he_o be_v most_o jealous_a of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n as_o have_v observe_v they_o more_o favour_v by_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n in_o the_o controversy_n about_o the_o dukedom_n of_o juliers_n and_o cleves_n than_o himself_o this_o oblige_a he_o to_o compose_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o himself_o and_o the_o duke_n of_o newburg_n upon_o easy_a term_n than_o otherwise_o he_o will_v have_v be_v willing_a to_o have_v do_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v another_o terrible_a neighbour_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o prussia_n and_o therefore_o the_o elector_n not_o dare_v to_o repose_v too_o great_a a_o confidence_n in_o a_o prince_n who_o pretend_v a_o right_a to_o the_o ducal_z as_o well_o as_o regal_a prussia_n be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v a_o constant_a and_o strong_a army_n upon_o those_o coast_n in_o the_o year_n 1657_o this_o question_n be_v move_v whether_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n may_v lawful_o be_v deprive_v of_o all_o the_o territory_n which_o he_o hold_v in_o prussia_n as_o dependence_n on_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o his_o have_v enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n at_o that_o time_n declare_v enemy_n to_o poland_n the_o polish_v lawyer_n urge_v in_o the_o affirmative_a that_o the_o elector_n be_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n vassal_n and_o therefore_o forfeit_v his_o land_n by_o enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n with_o his_o master_n enemy_n but_o certain_o when_o we_o consider_v in_o what_o a_o miserable_a condition_n poor_a king_n casimir_n be_v and_o how_o unable_a to_o defend_v either_o himself_o or_o his_o subject_n and_o again_o how_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o in_o this_o conjuncture_n the_o swedish_n army_n will_v have_v swallow_v up_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o prussia_n as_o it_o have_v already_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n without_o be_v oblige_v to_o quit_v the_o field_n by_o such_o a_o treaty_n the_o pole_n have_v great_a reason_n to_o thank_v the_o elector_n for_o preserve_v by_o this_o expedient_a some_o part_n of_o their_o king_n dominion_n from_o the_o common_a destruction_n then_o to_o condemn_v he_o for_o wise_o shun_v the_o ruin_n which_o king_n casimir_n have_v bring_v upon_o this_o kingdom_n there_o be_v
they_o in_o the_o year_n 1648_o which_o have_v not_o since_o be_v rebuilt_a however_o the_o place_n be_v still_o beautify_v with_o a_o fair_a church_n college_n and_o town-hall_n and_o the_o street_n especial_o the_o marketplace_n which_o be_v in_o a_o exact_a square_n be_v general_o neat_a and_o uniform_a oelsse_a have_v ancient_o its_o own_o duke_n who_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o that_o city_n but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n conrade_n the_o eight_o in_o the_o year_n 1492._o the_o dukedom_n be_v give_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n who_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v lord_n of_o it_o in_o this_o principality_n be_v reckon_v the_o small_a city_n of_o bernstatt_n festenberg_n kunstatt_n stroppen_n mosebahr_n hundsfeld_n and_o trebnitz_n vi_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o breslaw_n breslaw_n or_o wratislavia_n the_o metropolis_n of_o silesia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o wratislaus_n a_o bohemian_a prince_n its_o first_o founder_n whence_o the_o citizen_n bear_v a_o great_a w_n in_o their_o coat_n of_o arm_n to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o river_n other_o and_o ohla_n in_o a_o rich_a and_o pleasant_a country_n towards_o the_o north_n indeed_o there_o be_v some_o marsh_n and_o moist_a field_n whence_o be_v now_o and_o then_o some_o unwholesome_a gale_n send_v into_o the_o town_n and_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v build_v in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o great_a pond_n dry_v up_o the_o citizen_n who_o be_v exceed_o numerous_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a traffic_n with_o the_o hungarian_n bohemian_o polander_n and_o other_o foreign_a merchant_n who_o resort_v hither_o be_v say_v to_o be_v as_o neat_a and_o gentile_a in_o their_o clothes_n and_o cookery_n as_o any_o other_o of_o the_o emperor_n subject_n whatever_o breslawer_n love_v to_o be_v esteem_v immediate_a member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o can_v endure_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o have_v obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o bear_v the_o spread_a eagle_n in_o their_o escutcheon_n and_o that_o they_o petition_v charles_n v._o to_o confirm_v their_o privilege_n for_o this_o reason_n m._n boregius_n a_o breslaw_a who_o write_v a_o chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n rank_n breslaw_n among_o the_o imperial_a city_n but_o never_o mention_v it_o with_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n town_n although_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v former_o subject_n to_o that_o prince_n this_o goldastus_n in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bchemia_n evident_o prove_v notwithstanding_o what_o be_v usual_o allege_v as_o a_o argument_n to_o the_o contrary_a by_o some_o ignorant_a and_o silly_a historian_n that_o it_o be_v once_o one_o of_o the_o hans-town_n the_o generality_n of_o the_o building_n in_o this_o city_n be_v fair_a and_o stately_a only_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o other_o stand_v four_o old_a fashion_a fabric_n with_o turret_n on_o the_o top_n which_o the_o antiquary_n of_o this_o place_n fancy_n to_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a palace_n of_o so_o many_o schwabish_a prince_n who_o in_o former_a day_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o city_n beside_o the_o vast_a traffic_n of_o the_o citizen_n the_o town_n be_v famous_a for_o a_o bishop_n see_v and_o a_o university_n wherein_o have_v be_v breed_v many_o learned_a man_n and_o some_o great_a writer_n the_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n who_o have_v ancient_o the_o epiphet_n or_o title_n of_o golden_a give_v they_o from_o their_o vast_a revenue_n be_v put_v in_o by_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n who_o they_o acknowledge_v their_o supreme_a head_n at_o least_o in_o temporal_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a tradition_n in_o these_o part_n that_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n have_v no_o power_n to_o promote_v a_o stranger_n to_o any_o bishopric_n in_o silesia_n so_o that_o a_o bohemian_a be_v no_o more_o capable_a of_o be_v advance_v to_o one_o of_o their_o diocese_n then_o a_o silesian_n be_v of_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o prague_n but_o how_o false_a this_o report_n be_v historian_n will_v sufficient_o inform_v we_o boleslaus_n dukedom_n dukedom_n surname_v the_o long_a a_o polish_v prince_n be_v create_v the_o first_o duke_n of_o breslaw_n and_o lignitz_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n in_o the_o year_n 1163._o but_o these_o kind_n of_o petty_a prince_n not_o be_v able_a to_o secure_v their_o territory_n and_o especial_o this_o large_a and_o rich_a city_n which_o be_v a_o bait_n sufficient_a to_o tempt_v the_o most_o potent_a prince_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n polander_n and_o other_o foreign_a enemy_n the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n be_v force_v to_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n or_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o emperor_n of_o germany_n to_o who_o they_o be_v now_o immediate_o subject_a vii_o the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n lignitz_n a_o fair_a city_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o small_a rivulet_n call_v katsbach_n be_v think_v to_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o lygii_n city_n city_n a_o german_a people_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o part_n of_o silesia_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1170_o this_o town_n be_v much_o enlarge_v beautify_v and_o fortify_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o long_a the_o first_o duke_n of_o lignitz_n after_o he_o duke_n frideric_n the_o second_o so_o far_o improve_v his_o predecessor_n boleslaus_n undertake_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1532_o it_o become_v one_o of_o the_o best_a fortify_v city_n next_o to_o breslaw_n in_o all_o silesia_n thing_n best_o worth_a see_v in_o the_o town_n be_v the_o hospital_n the_o town-hall_n and_o castle_n the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o best_a corn-country_n in_o silesia_n dukedom_n dukedom_n and_o afford_v near_o as_o great_a plenty_n of_o the_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n especial_o the_o white_a sort_n which_o be_v here_o more_o plentiful_a then_o in_o any_o other_o province_n the_o whole_a be_v common_o subdivide_v into_o seven_o circle_n whereof_o four_o have_v name_n from_o the_o four_o city_n of_o luben_n parchwitz_n hayn_n and_o goldberg_n and_o the_o other_o three_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o barren_a or_o desert_a part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n viii_o the_o ducal_z city_n of_o jawer_n schweidnitz_n brieg_n monsterberg_n and_o oppelen_n the_o city_n of_o jawer_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a valley_n jawer_n jawer_n though_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o rugged_a crag_n and_o mountain_n which_o separate_a silesia_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n it_o have_v not_o the_o advantage_n of_o any_o river_n near_o it_o so_o that_o all_o the_o fortification_n it_o have_v be_v high_a rampire_n and_o deep_a ditch_n there_o be_v little_a of_o note_n in_o the_o town_n but_o the_o church_n burn_v down_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n a._n d._n 1648._o but_o rebuilt_a more_o stately_a than_o before_o and_o the_o castle_n wherein_o reside_v the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o two_o dukedom_n of_o jawer_n and_o schweidnitz_n the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o king_n of_o bohemia_n marry_v ann_n daughter_n of_o henry_n ii_o duke_n of_o javer_n who_o with_o his_o brother_n bolco_n duke_n of_o schweidnitz_n die_v without_o issue_n whereupon_o these_o two_o dukedom_n be_v more_o immediate_o subject_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o who_o hand_n they_o still_o remain_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o javer_n belong_v the_o town_n of_o buntzlau_n lemberg_n schonau_n greiffenberg_n lahn_n fridberg_n lubenthal_n schmideberg_n naumburg_n upon_o the_o queiss_n kupfferberg_n and_o hirschberg_n 2._o schweidnitz_n or_o schweinnitz_n schweidnitz_n schweidnitz_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o great_a herd_n of_o wild_a swine_n which_o be_v harbour_v in_o this_o place_n before_o the_o forest_n be_v cut_v down_o in_o the_o year_n 1070._o whence_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o town_n be_v a_o wild_a boar._n it_o be_v afterward_o much_o enlarge_v by_o boleslaus_n i._n who_o fortify_v it_o with_o wall_n and_o rampire_n and_o beautify_v it_o with_o several_a fair_a building_n so_o that_o it_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o fine_a city_n in_o silesia_n the_o most_o remarkable_a sight_n in_o the_o town_n next_o to_o the_o church_n and_o other_o public_a building_n be_v the_o great_a gun_n in_o the_o armoury_n which_o carry_v a_o bullet_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o pound_n weight_n this_o be_v by_o schickfusius_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o curaeus_n chronicle_n of_o silesia_n very_o improper_o reckon_v among_o the_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a blessing_n which_o the_o almighty_a have_v be_v please_v to_o bestow_v on_o some_o of_o the_o city_n in_o silesia_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n be_v the_o town_n of_o strigau_n memorable_a as_o we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v
east_n of_o the_o dukedom_n divide_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o hungary_n and_o poland_n mention_v usual_o in_o latin_a writer_n by_o the_o name_n of_o montes_n carpatii_n or_o hungarici_n but_o by_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n call_v common_o jablunka_n among_o these_o hill_n the_o silesian_n find_v the_o chief_a treasure_n of_o their_o great_a dukedom_n have_v here_o a_o great_a many_o mine_n of_o silver_n and_o lead_n the_o miner_n that_o inhabit_v these_o part_n be_v call_v by_o their_o neighbour_n die_v walachen_n and_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o people_n much_o more_o rough_a and_o rustical_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o silesian_n a_o vast_a company_n of_o these_o boar_n in_o the_o year_n 1643_o revolt_v from_o the_o imperialist_n and_o flee_v to_o the_o swedish_n army_n but_o be_v not_o long_o after_o reclaim_v the_o other_o row_n of_o mountain_n be_v on_o the_o south_n and_o divide_v the_o dukedom_n of_o teschen_n from_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n these_o hill_n the_o native_n call_v gesencke_v but_o latin_a author_n make_v they_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sudetes_n and_o name_v they_o montes_n moravici_n these_o latter_a do_v not_o afford_v that_o plenty_n of_o ore_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o former_a but_o be_v tolerable_o well_o stock_v with_o mineral_n and_o some_o metal_n and_o supply_v what_o they_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o other_o in_o this_o kind_n with_o huge_a flock_n of_o sheep_n which_o be_v here_o pasture_v other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o teschen_n be_v bielitz_n freystattlein_n friedick_n jablunke_v which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o eastern_a row_n of_o mountain_n abovementioned_a nistkow_n strummen_n skotschau_n and_o schwartzwasser_n some_o add_v lassla_n with_o who_o agree_v j._n scultetus_n map_n of_o silesia_n but_o this_o town_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o troppau_n x._o the_o county_n and_o city_n of_o glatz_n among_o the_o montes_n sudetes_n lie_v the_o county_n of_o glatz_n county_n county_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o moravia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o bohemia_n and_o on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n for_o which_o reason_n modern_a geographer_n have_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n to_o determine_v which_o of_o the_o three_o nation_n they_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o some_o of_o they_o make_v it_o a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohehemia_n other_o esteem_v it_o a_o petty_a province_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n and_o a_o three_o sort_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v most_o probability_n on_o their_o side_n call_v it_o a_o silesian_n county_n it_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o marsigni_n in_o who_o day_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n be_v call_v luca._n after_o they_o the_o hungarian_n get_v possession_n of_o this_o and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n and_o keep_v it_o till_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o rout_v they_o and_o hang_v up_o their_o chief_a commander_n in_o one_o of_o the_o forest_n of_o this_o county_n from_o this_o great_a hungarian_a warrior_n who_o name_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v glozar_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n or_o glotz_n be_v first_o name_v though_o other_o etymologist_n think_v its_o ancient_a name_n to_o be_v klotz_n which_o signify_v proper_o the_o root_n and_o trunk_n of_o a_o tree_n but_o be_v sometime_o take_v for_o a_o large_a forest_n or_o copps_z of_o shrub_n such_o as_o they_o tell_v we_o once_o grow_v in_o the_o place_n where_o glatz_n now_o stand_v the_o nobility_n of_o this_o county_n have_v a_o tradition_n among_o they_o that_o before_o their_o land_n be_v conquer_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o make_v christian_a this_o county_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n by_o who_o it_o be_v afterward_o bestow_v on_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n m._n george_n aelurius_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o glatz_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1625_o say_v that_o it_o be_v as_o his_o countryman_n affirm_v subject_n at_o first_o to_o the_o emperor_n but_o afterward_o win_v and_o enjoy_v for_o some_o time_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o who_o the_o bohemian_o take_v it_o and_o as_o appear_v from_o the_o record_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v master_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1074_o and_o 1114._o after_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n make_v themselves_o lord_n of_o the_o county_n of_o glatz_n which_o within_o a_o while_n return_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o then_o back_o again_o to_o the_o foresay_a duke_n in_o this_o state_n it_o continue_v till_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o in_o who_o reign_n it_o be_v once_o more_o subject_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o thus_o it_o continue_v till_o king_n george_n about_o the_o year_n 1460_o bestow_v the_o city_n of_o glatz_n munsterberg_n and_o franckenstein_n upon_o his_o own_o son_n who_o thereupon_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n and_o earl_n of_o glatz_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iv_o in_o the_o year_n 1500_o the_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n sell_v this_o country_n to_o vlric_n earl_n of_o hardegg_n who_o successor_n within_o less_o than_o forty_o year_n after_o sell_v it_o again_o to_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n i._n who_o bestow_v it_o on_o the_o lord_n of_o bernstein_n from_o they_o it_o descend_v a._n d._n 1549_o upon_o ernest_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n after_o who_o death_n it_o return_v again_o to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o country_n be_v iron_n coal_n silver-ore_n timber_n all_o sort_n of_o venison_n and_o tame_a cattle_n butter_n cheese_n etc._n etc._n how_o rich_a the_o country_n be_v may_v hence_o easy_o be_v gather_v that_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n steward_n and_o rent-gatherers_a have_v be_v know_v to_o bring_v into_o their_o master_n coffer_n near_o forty_o thousand_o ricxdollar_n yearly_o out_o of_o this_o one_o county_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n be_v a_o neat_a and_o compact_a town_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o neisse_n but_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o neighbour_a hill_n which_o overlook_v and_o command_v the_o town_n the_o great_a church_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v former_o the_o temple_n of_o a_o idol_n worship_v by_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n in_o which_o as_o aelurius_n tell_v we_o the_o young_a maid_n of_o the_o country_n use_v to_o nail_v up_o their_o hair_n against_o the_o wall_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o that_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o several_a of_o these_o kind_n of_o tabulae_fw-la votivae_fw-la be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o charter_n of_o their_o city_n permit_v their_o magistrate_n to_o coin_v money_n in_o their_o own_o name_n but_o they_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o the_o privilege_n any_o further_a than_o to_o give_v abroad_o a_o kind_n of_o small_a coin_n little_o better_o than_o the_o farthing_n and_o halfpence_n late_o currant_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o no_o better_a man_n than_o a_o ordinary_a grocer_n or_o chandler_n in_o most_o of_o our_o market-town_n in_o england_n beside_o glatz_n there_o be_v the_o follow_v nine_o great_a town_n in_o this_o county_n havelswerd_v neurode_o winschelburg_n mitselwald_n reinertz_n lewin_n landeck_v beurath_n and_o wilhelmsthal_n or_o neustatl_n beside_o a_o hundred_o fair_a village_n and_o upward_o marchionatus_n moraviae_n auct_n i._o comenio_n excudebat_fw-la janssonio-waesbergä_a moses_n pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanus_n swart_a notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs_fw-la muris_fw-la cincla_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n turritus_fw-la arx_n zamek_a castellum_n â—â—â—z_fw-fr pagi_n innominati_n monasterium_fw-la vinetorum_fw-la colle_n thermae_n seu_fw-la aquae_fw-la medicale_n officinae_fw-la â—â—â—â—aria_fw-it auri_fw-la et_fw-fr argenti_n fodinae_fw-la ferri_n fodinae_fw-la the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n moravia_n be_v common_o in_o the_o bohemian_a writer_n prefer_v before_o silesia_n although_o this_o late_a be_v a_o dukedom_n and_o the_o other_o no_o more_o than_o a_o marquisate_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o preeminence_n must_v be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o this_o marquisate_n have_v be_v ancient_o a_o kingdom_n or_o else_o to_o its_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n before_o ever_o the_o silesian_n embrace_v their_o yoke_n the_o german_n call_v this_o country_n mahren_n and_o some_o of_o their_o writer_n will_v have_v it_o name_v mehrhenland_n or_o equarum_fw-la regio_fw-la imagine_v the_o true_a etymology_n of_o the_o word_n to_o come_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o horse_n or_o mare_n breed_v in_o this_o marquisate_n but_o certain_o the_o word_n moravia_n which_o be_v undoubted_o of_o the_o same_o offspring_n with_o the_o
quarter_n be_v strike_v by_o a_o child_n with_o a_o apple_n the_o second_o by_o a_o youth_n with_o a_o arrow_n the_o three_o by_o a_o full_a age_a man_n with_o a_o tip-staff_n and_o the_o four_o by_o a_o old_a man_n with_o his_o cane_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o church_n be_v show_v the_o true_a increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n through_o all_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n for_o a_o large_a description_n of_o this_o masterpiece_n of_o art_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o treatise_n write_v on_o this_o subject_a by_o dasypodius_n schadaeus_n frischlin_n etc._n etc._n the_o bishopric_n of_o strasburg_n be_v found_v by_o king_n dagobert_n who_o make_v st._n amandus_n the_o first_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n of_o late_a year_n there_o have_v be_v several_a quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o bishop_n and_o citizen_n who_o to_o this_o day_n be_v unwilling_a to_o allow_v their_o prelate_n the_o jurisdiction_n that_o he_o lay_v claim_v to_o the_o armoury_n of_o this_o town_n be_v well_o worth_a the_o see_v but_o their_o university_n make_v more_o noise_n in_o the_o world_n than_o it_o ought_v to_o do_v the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o more_o accurate_a account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o some_o part_n of_o alsace_n when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o french_a king_n conquest_n in_o the_o volume_n of_o france_n the_o dukedom_n of_o wirtemberg_n wirtemberg_n be_v a_o province_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o schwaben_n a_o country_n sufficient_o provide_v for_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o profit_n and_o pleasure_n the_o mountain_n be_v full_a of_o mine_n and_o vineyard_n and_o the_o valley_n be_v well_o stock_v with_o large_a herd_n of_o cattle_n it_o be_v of_o no_o great_a extent_n but_o so_o populous_a that_o there_o be_v in_o it_o it_o be_v say_v 63_o city_n 158_o great_a town_n 645_o village_n and_o 14_o abbey_n before_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n the_o duke_n of_o wirtemberg_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o army_n of_o 24000_o man_n in_o 24_o hour_n but_o that_o calamitous_a war_n lessen_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o other_o province_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o prince_n of_o this_o country_n be_v ancient_o no_o more_o than_o count_n but_o raise_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o duke_n by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o worm_n a._n d._n 1495._o the_o reason_n of_o which_o advancement_n be_v the_o great_a improvement_n they_o have_v make_v of_o their_o estate_n wherein_o be_v contain_v only_o the_o castle_n of_o wirtemberg_n with_o some_o few_o village_n depend_v thereon_o when_o duke_n vlric_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o all_o his_o territory_n in_o the_o year_n 1519_o his_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v sell_v to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n v._o afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1534_o the_o duke_n be_v restore_v to_o his_o dominion_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o francis_n i._o king_n of_o france_n and_o philip_n landgrave_n of_o hesse_n the_o former_a whereof_o aid_v he_o with_o money_n and_o the_o latter_a with_o man_n and_o arms._n whereupon_o he_o send_v his_o son_n christopher_n to_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o agree_v that_o the_o house_n of_o wirtemberg_n shall_v be_v again_o restore_v to_o their_o duchy_n pay_v homage_n to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n this_o order_n be_v observe_v till_o the_o year_n 1599_o wherein_o by_o a_o covenant_n make_v betwixt_o the_o emperor_n rodolph_n ii_o and_o frideric_n i._o duke_n of_o wirtemberg_n the_o dukedom_n be_v reduce_v to_o its_o ancient_a state_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n only_o reserve_v to_o itself_o the_o title_n and_o arm_n which_o the_o emperor_n now_o bear_v of_o wirtemberg_n and_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n upon_o failure_n of_o heir_n male_a the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o province_n and_o place_n of_o the_o duke_n residence_n be_v stutgard_n seat_v not_o far_o from_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o neccar_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o country_n stutgard_n signify_v proper_o a_o yard_n to_o train_v young_a horse_n in_o and_o such_o some_o antiquary_n tell_v we_o be_v former_o the_o place_n where_o this_o city_n now_o stand_v this_o story_n they_o confirm_v by_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v a_o young_a colt_n let_v loose_a but_o i_o rather_o think_v this_o only_a a_o rebus_fw-la take_v from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n which_o may_v possible_o have_v no_o more_o affinity_n with_o the_o true_a etymology_n of_o the_o word_n than_o the_o ox_n in_o the_o arm_n of_o our_o city_n of_o oxford_n have_v with_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o town_n the_o duke_n palace_n be_v a_o noble_a fabric_n adorn_v with_o most_o delicate_a grove_n and_o garden_n of_o pleasure_n in_o these_o you_o have_v as_o fair_a row_n of_o orange-tree_n as_o well_o contrive_v grotto_n and_o waterwork_n and_o as_o stately_a a_o pleasure-house_n as_o at_o any_o prince_n palace_n in_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o house_n of_o private_a citizen_n fall_v short_a of_o this_o pomp_n and_o grandeur_n most_o of_o they_o be_v wooden_a building_n and_o of_o a_o very_a despicable_a height_n wirtenberg_n ducatus_n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a there_o be_v also_o at_o tubingen_n a_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n wherein_o all_o controversy_n in_o case_n civil_a and_o criminal_a be_v determine_v by_o five_o of_o the_o nobility_n four_o doctor_n in_o the_o university_n and_o as_o many_o burgher_n of_o the_o town_n beside_o this_o there_o be_v a_o consistory_n of_o divine_n and_o civilian_n who_o take_v cognisance_n of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n the_o first_o rector_n of_o the_o university_n in_o this_o town_n be_v joh._n nauclerus_fw-la who_o historical_a work_n philip_n melancthon_n take_v great_a care_n to_o publish_v in_o the_o year_n 1500._o a_o book_n high_o commend_v by_o the_o learned_a camerarius_fw-la in_o his_o life_n of_o melancthon_n the_o only_a famous_a man_n i_o think_v who_o they_o can_v brag_v of_o for_o this_o last_o age_n be_v martin_n crufius_n and_o will._n schickard_n both_o singular_o well_o skilled_a in_o the_o oriental_a language_n beside_o these_o i_o fancy_v it_o will_v be_v as_o difficult_a to_o find_v a_o scholar_n worth_a the_o mention_v breed_v at_o tubingen_n as_o to_o meet_v with_o one_o city_n or_o great_a town_n among_o the_o hundred_o of_o that_o name_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o wirtemberg_n which_o merit_v a_o particular_a description_n in_o this_o place_n the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o volume_n a_o advertisement_n to_o the_o reader_n for_o the_o literal_a fault_n which_o may_v have_v escape_v the_o press_n there_o need_v no_o apology_n because_o these_o be_v neither_o so_o numerous_a nor_o so_o gross_a as_o to_o interrupt_v the_o sense_n or_o disturb_v the_o reader_n and_o some_o of_o the_o more_o material_a errata_fw-la may_v be_v excuse_v by_o consider_v the_o different_a time_n wherein_o several_a paragraph_n of_o the_o book_n seem_o contradictory_n be_v pen_v for_o example_n it_o be_v true_a in_o the_o year_n 1680_o when_o the_o six_o sheet_n be_v print_v that_o augustus_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v administrator_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o halle_n as_o be_v say_v pag._n 21._o col._n 2._o and_o as_o true_a that_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v duke_n of_o both_o those_o place_n at_o the_o pen_n of_o pag._n 92._o some_o other_o considerable_a mistake_n we_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o may_v be_v thus_o correct_v i._o instead_o of_o halberstadt_n pag._n 9_o col_fw-fr 2._o lin_v 9_o read_v hildesheim_n as_o in_o pag._n 51._o col_fw-fr 1._o ii_o for_o charles_n iu._n wenceslaus_n etc._n etc._n pag._n 33._o col_fw-fr 1._o lin_v 35._o read_v wenceslaus_n charles_n the_o five_o son_n etc._n etc._n since_o as_o the_o best_a german_a historian_n inform_v we_o wence_n slave_n be_v the_o first_o of_o their_o emperor_n be_v that_o have_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n confer_v on_o he_o a_o alphabetical_a index_n contain_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o country_n city_n town_n rivers_n isle_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o map_n of_o the_o second_o volume_n place_n map_n latitude_n d._n m._n longitude_n d._n m._n at_fw-fr  _fw-fr aab_n 34_o 49_o 30_o 26_o 50_o aag_n 01_o 47_o 40_o 25_o 20_o aaken_v 14_o 51_o 30_o 29_o 00_o aaihusen_n 17_o 51_o 50_o 26_o 40_o aâ—â—_n 01_o 51_o 00_o 20_o 00_o aâ—â—delost_a 14_o 51_o 35_o 29_o 30_o aâ—â—_n fl_fw-mi 38_o 46_o 00_o 23_o 40_o aâ—â—berg_n 01_o 46_o 50_o 23_o 30_o aâ—â—â—g_n 01_o 47_o 00_o 24_o 10_o aâ—â—â—w_n 38_o 47_o 00_o 24_o 20_o aâ—â—â—_n 2_o 3_o 05_o 54_o 10_o 25_o 50_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 53_o 40_o 25_o 50_o aâ—â—h_n 01_o 50_o 40_o 19_o 50_o aâ—â—ve_a fl_fw-mi 05_o 53_o 25_o 26_o 30_o aâ—â—h_n 34_o 48_o
and_o set_v up_o a_o government_n for_o himself_o in_o this_o province_n and_o helsingia_n which_o lie_v northward_o in_o suecia_n proper_o so_o call_v have_v on_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o medelpadia_n on_o the_o west_n the_o dofrine_a mountain_n on_o the_o north_n angermannia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n part_n of_o helsingia_n and_o medelpadia_n this_o province_n do_v ancient_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n though_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o olaus_n scotkonung_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v revolt_v from_o olaus_n crassus_n then_o king_n of_o norway_n and_o become_v tributary_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n in_o the_o year_n 1613_o by_o a_o peace_n conclude_v between_o the_o northern_a crown_n it_o be_v by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n yield_v up_o to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n but_o a._n 1642_o repossess_v by_o the_o swede_n pontanus_n in_o his_o map_n of_o scandia_n reckon_v up_o some_o place_n of_o note_n in_o it_o viz._n alsne_n ronvere_n aus_n lidh_n hamer-dal_a vndersaker_n oviken_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o olaus_n magnus_n this_o province_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o vpsal_n near_o a_o small_a village_n in_o this_o country_n there_o be_v say_v messenius_n several_a large_a stone_n with_o gothick_n inscription_n which_o be_v a_o prophesy_n of_o what_o for_o the_o future_a will_v befall_v the_o scandian_o 5._o herrndalia_n herrndalia_n herrndalia_n call_v by_o pontanus_n herdalia_n and_o by_o most_o author_n reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o helsingia_n contain_v the_o territory_n of_o nomedal_n hellegeland_n frostena_n indera_fw-la heroa_fw-la with_o some_o other_o all_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o diocese_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o nidrosia_n and_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o finnic_a and_o bothnic_a bay_n and_o the_o swedish_n island_n contain_v in_o they_o the_o baltic_a sea_n sea_n the_o baltic_a sea_n so_o call_v say_v pontanus_n from_o the_o saxon_a and_o english_a word_n belt_n because_o it_o encompass_v the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o belt_n or_o girdle_n or_o as_o jornandes_n will_v have_v it_o from_o baltia_n or_o basilia_n i_o e._n queen_n of_o island_n the_o ancient_a greek_a name_n of_o scandia_n or_o scandinavia_n or_o as_o adam_n bremensis_n be_v of_o opinion_n from_o the_o wisogoth_n who_o inhabit_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o it_o usual_o call_v balt_n i_o e._n a_o stout_a and_o valiant_a people_n be_v the_o large_a of_o any_o sea_n in_o europe_n except_o the_o mediterranean_a contain_v in_o it_o five_o and_o thirty_o island_n of_o considerable_a bigness_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o lesser_a note_n the_o whole_a bay_n as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n be_v call_v by_o mela_n sinus_n codanus_n q._n gothanus_fw-la or_o gothicus_fw-la from_o gothia_n that_o border_n upon_o it_o or_o caudanus_n from_o cauda_fw-la because_o it_o come_v from_o the_o main_a ocean_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o tail_n of_o a_o beast_n by_o strabo_n the_o venedic_n bay_n from_o the_o venedae_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n who_o live_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o it_o and_o by_o the_o dane_n and_o swede_n the_o oost-zee_n because_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o eric_n eigod_n king_n of_o denmark_n the_o dane_n who_o go_v pilgrimage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n use_v to_o pass_v into_o russia_n and_o the_o eastern_a part_n by_o this_o sea_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o narrow_a place_n call_v the_o sund_n and_o interlace_v the_o country_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n germany_n and_o some_o part_n of_o poland_n extend_v itself_o to_o livonia_n and_o lithvania_n it_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o passage_n by_o which_o the_o ocean_n flow_v into_o it_o or_o because_o of_o its_o northerly_a situation_n whereby_o the_o celestial_a influence_n have_v less_o power_n over_o it_o never_o ebb_v nor_o flow_v from_o the_o several_a country_n and_o place_n that_o it_o wash_v it_o have_v diverse_a name_n give_v it_o and_o be_v distinguish_v into_o different_a bay_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v 1._o bay_n the_o bothnic_a bay_n the_o bothnic_a bay_n count_v from_o the_o island_n alandia_n northward_o to_o the_o river_n kimi_n which_o fall_v into_o it_o at_o the_o very_o further_a cape_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o both_o signify_v in_o the_o swedish_n language_n a_o fenny_a country_n or_o a_o land_n overflow_v with_o water_n 2._o bay_n the_o finnic_a bay_n the_o finnic_a bay_n so_o call_v from_o the_o principality_n of_o finland_n which_o it_o water_n some_o will_v have_v the_o sinus_n venedicus_n of_o strabo_n and_o the_o mare_n amalchium_n of_o pliny_n particular_o to_o denote_v this_o bay_n the_o swedish_n island_n in_o this_o sea_n concern_v those_o that_o be_v under_o the_o danish_a power_n see_v denmark_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o most_o southerly_a first_o be_v 1._o rugen_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o pomeren_n give_v to_o the_o swede_n by_o the_o great_a treaty_n of_o peace_n at_o munster_n and_o osnaburg_n a._n d._n 1649._o of_o which_o consult_v the_o volume_n of_o germany_n 2._o bornholm_n be_v situate_a more_o northward_o than_o rugen_n and_o lie_v opposite_a to_o blekingia_n it_o have_v one_o city_n in_o it_o name_v santwyk_n and_o thirty-two_a small_a village_n this_o island_n be_v by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n hold_v at_o copenhagen_n a._n d._n 1660_o give_v up_o to_o the_o dane_n under_o certain_a condition_n of_o which_o mention_n be_v make_v in_o denmark_n 3._o huena_n or_o hueen_n a_o very_a small_a island_n in_o the_o oresundic_n bay_n famous_a for_o the_o city_n vraniburg_n build_v by_o that_o excellent_a mathematician_n tycho_n brahe_n where_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v 55_o deg_fw-la 54_o min._n this_o isle_n be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o forementioned_a peace_n conclude_v betwixt_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n a._n d._n 1660._o 4._o vtklippa_n 5._o vtlengia_n both_o lie_v over_o against_o blekingia_n 6._o oelandia_n a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a island_n in_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o best_a breed_n of_o horse_n that_o be_v in_o all_o the_o swedish_n dominion_n this_o island_n a._n d._n 1526_o be_v take_v by_o christiern_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o short_o after_o regain_v by_o gustavus_n i._o king_n of_o sweden_n a._n d._n 1613_o it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n and_o ever_o since_o retain_v by_o the_o swede_n see_v more_o concern_v it_o among_o the_o province_n of_o gothia_n 7._o gotland_n lie_v over_o against_o ostrogothia_a in_o length_n seventy-two_a mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n twenty_o for_o a_o long_a time_n almost_o tear_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o continual_a arm_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n till_o 1648_o by_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o christina_n queen_n of_o swedeland_n and_o christiern_n iv_o of_o denmark_n it_o with_o the_o city_n wisbuy_n of_o which_o see_v among_o the_o gothic_a province_n be_v whole_o yield_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o they_o as_o a_o perpetual_a possession_n 8._o oselia_n call_v by_o pliny_n oserica_n opposite_a to_o liefland_n and_o reckon_v by_o some_o as_o a_o district_n of_o esthonia_n fifty-six_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o twenty-eight_a in_o breadth_n in_o it_o be_v the_o city_n arnsburg_n fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n 9_o daghoe_n dachden_n or_o dagheroort_n part_v from_o oselia_n by_o a_o very_a narrow_a bay_n 10._o alandia_n lie_v in_o the_o middle_a sea_n betwixt_o it_o and_o upland_n reckon_v by_o some_o as_o a_o part_n of_o finland_n in_o it_o be_v the_o fort_n castleholm_n 11._o hogland_n in_o the_o finnic_a bay_n with_o severalother_n of_o less_o note_n and_o importance_n regni_fw-la daniae_fw-la accuratissima_fw-la delineato_fw-la nobilissimo_fw-la amplissimo_fw-la consultissimoque_fw-la viro_fw-la d._n gerardo_n schaep_v i._n v._o d._n inclyti_fw-la et_fw-la celeberrimi_fw-la ansterodamensium_fw-la emporii_fw-la consuli_fw-la ac_fw-la senatori_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la serenissimos_fw-la sveciae_fw-la daniaque_fw-la reges_fw-la legato_n dignissimo_fw-la fidelissimo_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n denmark_n saxo_n grammaticus_n deduce_v the_o name_n of_o denmark_n danmark_n or_o dania_n from_o dan_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o son_n of_o humblus_n a_o prince_n of_o these_o part_n many_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o our_o saviour_n this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a tradition_n among_o the_o dane_n and_o be_v confirm_v by_o one_o of_o the_o old_a chronicle_n of_o their_o king_n publish_v by_o wormius_n out_o of_o a_o manuscript_n copy_n of_o the_o scanian_a law_n write_v in_o runick_a character_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o which_o we_o read_v dan_o heet_n den_fw-mi force_v cunung_a i_o danmurk_n der_fw-mi var_fw-mi fore_fw-la christus_fw-la borth_z of_o hannom_n call_v be_v danmurk_n i._n e._n the_o first_o
king_n of_o denmark_n be_v call_v dan_n who_o reign_v before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n from_o he_o denmark_n have_v its_o name_n but_o the_o story_n they_o tell_v we_o of_o this_o king_n like_o all_o their_o ancient_a history_n be_v so_o incoherent_a and_o incredible_a that_o little_a trust_n can_v be_v give_v to_o this_o etymology_n other_o ridiculous_o derive_v the_o name_n of_o dane_n and_o danemark_n from_o dan_n the_o son_n of_o jacob._n some_o from_o the_o grecian_a danai_n hadrianus_n junius_n a_o learned_a historian_n but_o not_o too_o happy_a in_o etymology_n will_v have_v the_o dane_n so_o call_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o fir-tree_n which_o grow_v in_o their_o country_n not_o consider_v that_o a_o fir-tree_n have_v not_o the_o same_o name_n dannen_n or_o tannen-baum_a in_o denmark_n as_o in_o germany_n for_o the_o dane_n as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a call_v it_o a_o firtre_n or_o firtrae_n pontanus_n sleght_v all_o the_o conjecture_n of_o other_o author_n think_v he_o give_v we_o a_o sufficient_a account_n of_o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n dani_n and_o dania_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o these_o people_n be_v the_o danciones_fw-la or_o dansciones_fw-la as_o the_o learned_a mr._n cambden_n read_v the_o word_n instead_o of_o dausiones_n in_o the_o vulgar_a copy_n mention_v by_o ptolomey_n but_o this_o determination_n be_v not_o at_o all_o satisfactory_a for_o the_o question_n be_v not_o how_o long_o but_o whence_o the_o dane_n have_v have_v their_o name_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o dare_v not_o assent_v to_o any_o of_o the_o derivation_n yet_o give_v but_o have_v rather_o guess_v that_o the_o dane_n or_o dansche_n take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o great_a opinion_n they_o have_v of_o their_o own_o uprightness_n and_o integrity_n for_o danneman_n be_v a_o word_n ordinary_o use_v among_o they_o to_o this_o day_n to_o denote_v a_o honest_a and_o good_a man_n thus_o the_o german_n use_v the_o phrase_n ein_fw-ge teutschhertziger_fw-ge mensch_fw-ge to_o signify_v a_o true_a dutch_n heart_v fellow_n and_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o constant_a custom_n of_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n to_o give_v themselves_o name_n from_o their_o piety_n as_o well_o as_o prowess_n thus_o the_o people_n who_o style_v themselves_o germane_a war-man_n in_o the_o field_n be_v teutschen_n or_o godly_a at_o home_n and_o the_o cimbri_n or_o camp-fighter_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v gottisch_n pious_a and_o religious_a as_o soon_o as_o they_o lay_v down_o their_o weapon_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o denmark_n be_v the_o cimbri_n and_o getae_n inhabitant_n ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o both_o which_o we_o shall_v discourse_v at_o large_a in_o the_o description_n of_o jutland_n concern_v the_o goth_n something_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o description_n of_o sweden_n and_o more_o may_v be_v expect_v in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o cimbric_n island_n the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o 1._o jutland_o situation_n division_n and_o situation_n which_o be_v a_o peninsula_n wash_v on_o either_o side_n by_o the_o german_a and_o baltic_a sea_n and_o bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o nether_a saxony_n 2._o zeeland_n funen_n with_o some_o more_o island_n of_o less_o note_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v 3._o schonen_fw-mi and_z halland_n which_o former_o do_v belong_v to_o this_o kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1658_o by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n conclude_v at_o roschild_n between_o frederic_n iii_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o charles_n x._o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v whole_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o swedeland_n and_o by_o another_o ratification_n hold_v at_o copenhagen_n 1660_o confirm_v to_o it_o the_o air_n be_v not_o so_o cold_a as_o in_o some_o place_n of_o germany_n which_o lie_v much_o more_o to_o the_o south_n air._n air._n nor_o so_o hot_a in_o summer_n this_o temperature_n proceed_v chief_o from_o the_o adjoin_a sea_n which_o as_o in_o england_n fan_n the_o inhabitant_n in_o summer_n and_o keep_v they_o warm_a in_o winter_n sometime_o indeed_o the_o baltic_a sea_n be_v freeze_v up_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1659._o when_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n march_v his_o army_n out_o of_o jutland_n into_o zeeland_n over_o the_o ice_n and_o then_o charcoal_n and_o turf_n which_o be_v their_o only_a fuel_n stand_v their_o friend_n the_o land_n natural_o barren_a soil_n soil_n and_o abound_v with_o little_a but_o wood_n and_o mountain_n be_v by_o the_o late_a care_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v very_o fruitful_a funen_n furnish_v many_o foreign_a part_n with_o barley_n and_o zeeland_n great_a trade_n lie_v in_o transport_v of_o corn_n and_o hay_n schonen_fw-mi be_v full_a of_o pleasant_a meadow_n whence_o some_o author_n think_v it_o have_v its_o name_n for_o schone_n signify_v fair_a the_o rich_a pasture_n in_o denmark_n afford_v such_o multitude_n of_o kine_n cattle_n cattle_n that_o according_a to_o oldenburgh_n relation_n some_o year_n forty_o thousand_o other_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o cow_n and_o ox_n be_v hence_o transport_v into_o the_o low_a country_n which_o must_v needs_o exceed_o enrich_v the_o kingdom_n they_o have_v also_o good_a breed_v of_o horse_n but_o not_o in_o such_o number_n that_o they_o can_v afford_v to_o send_v any_o into_o other_o nation_n helmoldus_n tell_v we_o fish_n fish_n that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o great_a riches_n of_o the_o dane_n consist_v in_o fish_n and_o saxon_a grammaticus_n say_v the_o seacoast_n round_a zeeland_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n be_v so_o stock_v with_o shoal_n of_o herring_n and_o other_o fish_n that_o you_o may_v not_o only_o take_v they_o up_o with_o your_o hand_n without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o net_n line_n or_o hook_n but_o that_o they_o hinder_v the_o passage_n of_o ship_n and_o bo_n certain_a it_o be_v however_o strange_a and_o incredible_a saxo_n story_n may_v appear_v herring_n swim_v usual_o in_o infinite_a number_n and_o no_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ancient_o better_a stock_v with_o this_o kind_n of_o fish_n then_o the_o coast_n of_o denmark_n but_o of_o late_a year_n the_o herring-trade_n have_v fail_v strange_o here_o and_o those_o they_o do_v catch_v come_v far_o short_a of_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a herring_n in_o bulk_n and_o goodness_n i_o be_o unwilling_a to_o think_v with_o oldenburgh_n this_o decay_n of_o the_o fishing-trade_n in_o denmark_n a_o judgement_n inflict_v on_o the_o inhabitant_n since_o our_o fisherman_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o some_o year_n the_o herring_n haunt_v the_o english_a shore_n sometime_o the_o dutch_a or_o french_a however_o though_o the_o herring_n have_v forsake_v they_o they_o have_v still_o plenty_n of_o other_o sort_n of_o fish_n as_o plaise_n whiteing_n cod_n etc._n etc._n which_o they_o dry_a and_o send_v abroad_o pontanus_n to_o show_v how_o well_o they_o be_v provide_v in_o this_o kind_n tell_v we_o this_o memorable_a story_n it_o happen_v not_o many_o year_n before_o the_o write_n of_o his_o history_n of_o denmark_n that_o several_a ambassador_n from_o most_o of_o the_o great_a prince_n in_o europe_n be_v meet_v together_o at_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n court_n have_v some_o dispute_v about_o precedency_n some_o of_o they_o assert_v the_o dignity_n and_o power_n of_o their_o master_n from_o the_o riches_n of_o their_o country_n in_o gold_n and_o silver_n other_o brag_v of_o the_o plenty_n of_o corn_n fruit_n etc._n etc._n when_o all_o have_v do_v the_o danish_a ambassador_n tell_v they_o that_o shall_v the_o rich_a prince_n in_o europe_n sell_v his_o kingdom_n and_o with_o the_o price_n buy_v nothing_o else_o but_o wooden_a platter_n the_o king_n his_o master_n be_v able_a to_o fill_v they_o all_o with_o three_o sort_n of_o fresh_a fish_n whereupon_o they_o unanimous_o declare_v the_o king_n of_o denmark_n the_o happy_a prince_n in_o christendom_n and_o place_v his_o ambassador_n next_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o sit_v on_o the_o emperor_n right_a hand_n their_o forest_n be_v full_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o venison_n forest_n forest_n insomuch_o that_o every_o hunt_a season_n which_o common_o be_v in_o august_n there_o be_v above_o sixteen_o hundred_o buck_n bring_v in_o to_o the_o king_n palace_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o hare_n coney_n boar_n etc._n etc._n however_o the_o ancient_a roman_n vilify_v and_o contemn_v all_o the_o northern_a nation_n manner_n manner_n esteem_v they_o a_o sort_n of_o barbarous_a dull_a and_o unactive_a people_n yet_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o relation_n give_v by_o lucius_n florus_n and_o other_o roman_a historian_n who_o never_o care_v for_o speak_v too_o well_o of_o their_o enemy_n how_o stout_o the_o cimbrian_o encounter_v the_o roman_a force_n and_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o the_o galli_n senones_n come_v out_o of_o this_o country_n who_o force_v their_o infantry_n to_o take_v sanctuary_n or_o