and_o the_o reason_n why_o our_o common_a law_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o unwritten_a law_n they_o be_v original_o a_o grecian_a colony_n come_v out_o of_o lacedaemon_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o sparta_n where_o lycurgus_n be_v sometime_o king_n and_o author_n of_o their_o law_n among_o other_o of_o his_o decree_n he_o name_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ordain_v this_o for_o one_o that_o their_o law_n shall_v not_o be_v write_v because_o he_o will_v have_v every_o man_n to_o fix_v they_o in_o his_o memory_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n make_v they_o short_a and_o summary_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o maxim_n this_o course_n the_o saxon_n and_o by_o their_o example_n the_o other_o german_a nation_n hold_v for_o many_o age_n the_o first_o of_o the_o northern_a nation_n that_o alter_v it_o be_v the_o goth_n who_o in_o the_o aera_fw-la 504._o i._n e._n the_o year_n of_o christ_n 466._o under_o euricus_fw-la their_o king_n set_v their_o law_n in_o writing_n legum_n instituta_fw-la scriptis_fw-la habere_fw-la caeperunt_fw-la it_o ....._o the_o burgundian_n and_o salique_n a_o little_a before_o but_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o and_o the_o angli_fw-la werini_n and_o frisii_n be_v not_o note_v to_o have_v write_v law_n till_o the_o time_n of_o herald_n the_o dane_n about_o the_o year_n 994._o so_o that_o our_o saxon_n here_o in_o britain_n begin_v to_o write_v some_o of_o their_o law_n before_o their_o brethren_n of_o germany_n for_o though_o they_o reduce_v not_o the_o general_a manner_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n whereby_o they_o live_v and_o be_v govern_v into_o a_o write_a volume_n but_o leave_v they_o still_o as_o lycurgus_n his_o rhetras_n to_o common_a memory_n and_o tradition_n yet_o many_o of_o their_o ancient_a king_n after_o they_o have_v receive_v christianity_n put_v their_o own_o constitution_n into_o writing_n so_o do_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o they_o aethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n about_o the_o year_n 680._o if_o his_o law_n whereof_o i_o have_v a_o ms._n copy_n be_v in_o his_o own_o day_n put_v in_o writing_n so_o do_v inas_fw-la king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n what_o the_o law_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v remain_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v see_v by_o a_o model_n of_o they_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o law_n of_o hoel_n dha_n that_o be_v hoel_n the_o good_a nothing_o consonant_a to_o these_o of_o we_o at_o this_o day_n or_o those_o of_o the_o saxon_n in_o time_n past_a but_o we_o find_v by_o the_o red_a book_n in_o the_o exchequer_n that_o the_o law_n of_o hen._n i._n do_v so_o concur_v in_o many_o thing_n with_o they_o of_o the_o other_o nation_n we_o speak_v of_o that_o sometime_o he_o not_o only_o cit_v the_o salic_a law_n and_o the_o ribuarian_a or_o belgic_a law_n by_o name_n but_o deduce_v much_o of_o the_o text_n verbatim_o from_o they_o and_o we_o find_v also_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o word_n of_o art_n name_n of_o office_n officer_n and_o minister_n in_o our_o law_n common_a in_o old_a time_n to_o the_o german_n french_a salique_n longobard_n and_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o to_o our_o saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n but_o not_o one_o to_o my_o knowledge_n that_o rise_v from_o the_o british_a tongue_n nor_o do_v we_o retain_v any_o law_n rite_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n which_o we_o receive_v not_o from_o the_o saxon_n or_o german_n as_o use_v also_o by_o they_o of_o old_a before_o they_o come_v into_o britain_n for_o these_o few_o greek_a word_n that_o be_v find_v in_o our_o law_n chirographer_n and_o protonotary_n whereby_o some_o argue_v the_o antiquity_n of_o our_o law_n to_o be_v from_o the_o druid_n who_o caesar_n and_o pliny_n report_v to_o have_v use_v the_o greek_a tongue_n it_o be_v doubtless_o that_o they_o be_v come_v to_o we_o from_o the_o civil_a lawyer_n and_o the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o mongrel_n half_a greek_a and_o half_a latin_a can_v not_o descend_v from_o the_o druid_n who_o have_v neither_o knowledge_n nor_o use_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n they_o therefore_o that_o fetch_v our_o law_n from_o brutus_n mulmutius_n the_o druid_n or_o any_o other_o brutish_a or_o british_a inhabitant_n here_o of_o old_a affirm_v that_o in_o all_o the_o time_n of_o these_o several_a nation_n viz._n britain_n roman_n saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n and_o of_o their_o king_n this_o realm_n be_v still_o rule_v with_o the_o self_n same_o custom_n that_o it_o be_v now_o viz._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n vi_o govern_v withal_o do_v like_o they_o that_o make_v the_o arcadian_n to_o be_v elder_a than_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o god_n terminus_n to_o be_v so_o fix_v on_o the_o capitoline-hill_n as_o neither_o mattock_n nor_o spade_n nor_o all_o the_o power_n of_o man_n nor_o of_o the_o other_o god_n can_v remove_v he_o from_o the_o place_n he_o stand_v in_o and_o thus_o i_o end_v appendix_n pat._n 11._o hen._n iii_o m._n 13._o rex_fw-la universis_fw-la patentes_fw-la literas_fw-la inspecturis_fw-la salutem_fw-la cum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la pater_fw-la s._n cant._n episcopus_fw-la auctoritate_fw-la domini_fw-la papae_fw-la &_o fratrum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobis_fw-la gratiam_fw-la de_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestandis_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la nostris_fw-la de_fw-la precept_n nostro_fw-la itiner_n ab_fw-la instanti_fw-la adventu_fw-la domini_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la vigiliam_fw-la sancti_fw-la thomae_fw-la apostoli_fw-la &_o a_o principio_fw-la quadragesimae_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la dominicam_fw-la qua_fw-la cantatur_fw-la isti_fw-la sunt_fw-la dies_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la in_o rebus_fw-la subscriptis_fw-la viz._n in_o assizis_n ultimae_fw-la praesentationis_fw-la de_fw-la morte_fw-la antecessor_n novae_fw-la diss_fw-la de_fw-fr magna_fw-la assiza_n &_o de_fw-fr inquisitionibus_fw-la quae_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la emergerint_fw-la coram_fw-la eisdem_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la nostris_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la judicium_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la consensu_fw-la pertinent_a ita_fw-la quod_fw-la haec_fw-la concessio_fw-la hoc_fw-la anno_fw-la tantum_fw-la durabit_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la dominicam_fw-la supradictam_fw-la nos_fw-la per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la patentes_fw-la quas_fw-la eidem_fw-la domino_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la fieri_fw-la fecimus_fw-la protestati_fw-la sumus_fw-la quod_fw-la concessio_fw-la illa_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la praesens_fw-la facta_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la dominicam_fw-la supradictam_fw-la non_fw-la trahetur_fw-la in_o consequentiam_fw-la post_fw-la eundem_fw-la diem_fw-la cum_fw-la igitur_fw-la supplicaverimus_fw-la ven._n patri_fw-la iu_o archiepiscopo_fw-la eboracensi_fw-la de_fw-la consimili_fw-la gratia_fw-la nobis_fw-la concedenda_fw-la de_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestandis_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la provinciam_fw-la svam_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la praedictum_fw-la nos_fw-la per_fw-la have_v literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la patentes_fw-la protestamur_fw-la quod_fw-la dictus_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la ebor._fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la proviciam_fw-la svam_fw-la id_fw-la de_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestandis_fw-la sicut_fw-la praedictum_fw-la est_fw-la nobis_fw-la duxerit_fw-la concedendum_fw-la concessio_fw-la ista_fw-la ad_fw-la praesens_fw-la facta_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la praedictum_fw-la non_fw-la trahetur_fw-la in_o consequentiam_fw-la post_fw-la diem_fw-la eundem_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la eidem_fw-la domino_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la ebor._fw-la dedi_fw-la have_v literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la patentes_fw-la sigillo_fw-la nostro_fw-la signatas_fw-la testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonast_n 11._o nou._n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la undecimo_fw-la claus_n 11._o h._n iii_o m._n 26._o rex_fw-la dilectis_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la stephano_n de_fw-fr segrave_n &_o roberto_n de_fw-fr lexinton_n &_o sociis_fw-la suis_fw-la justice_n itinerantibus_fw-la in_o com._n warw._n leic._n glouc._n &_o wigorn._n salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la pater_fw-la s._n cant._n archiep._n auctoritate_fw-la domini_fw-la papae_fw-la concessi_fw-la quod_fw-la juramenta_fw-la praestentur_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la nostris_fw-la itinerant_n ab_fw-la instanti_fw-la adventu_fw-la corum_fw-la usque_fw-la vigiliam_fw-la sancti_fw-la thomae_fw-la apostoli_fw-la &_o à _fw-la principio_fw-la quadragesimae_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la dominicam_fw-la qua_fw-la cantatur_fw-la isti_fw-la sunt_fw-la dies_fw-la viz._n in_o ass_n ultimae_fw-la praesentationis_fw-la de_fw-la morte_fw-la antecessor_n de_fw-fr magna_fw-la ass_n &_o de_fw-fr inquisitionibus_fw-la quae_fw-la emergerint_fw-la de_fw-la terris_fw-la sicut_fw-la plenius_fw-la nobis_fw-la constitit_fw-la ex_fw-la inspectione_n literarum_fw-la domini_fw-la cant._n quas_fw-la inde_fw-la vobis_fw-la mittimus_fw-la rogamus_fw-la ut_fw-la v._o p._n w._n ebor._fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la quatenus_fw-la concedens_fw-la juramenta_fw-la in_o consimilibus_fw-la causis_fw-la praestari_fw-la infra_fw-la provinciam_fw-la svam_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la praesat_fw-la terminum_fw-la literas_fw-la svas_fw-la patentes_fw-la consimiles_fw-la literas_fw-la domini_fw-la cant._n inde_fw-la habere_fw-la faciat_fw-la ut_fw-la autem_fw-la liberius_fw-la &_o facilius_fw-la hoc_fw-la volet_fw-la facere_fw-la misimus_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la patentes_fw-la quales_fw-la fieri_fw-la fecimus_fw-la domino_fw-la cant._n protestants_n quoth_v post_n terminum_fw-la praefatum_fw-la concessio_fw-la praedicta_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la nobis_fw-la facta_fw-la non_fw-la poterit_fw-la trahi_fw-la in_o obseruantiam_fw-la vobis_fw-la
christian_a king_n cause_v his_o own_o law_n to_o be_v put_v in_o write_v about_o the_o year_n 605._o as_o other_o western_a nation_n in_o a_o age_n or_o two_o before_o have_v do_v and_o as_o bede_n say_v 5._o write_v they_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o first_o charter_n if_o i_o shall_v so_o call_v it_o or_o write_v touch_v land_n and_o privilege_n be_v as_o a_o ms._n of_o canterbury_n report_v make_v by_o withredus_n king_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o year_n 694._o and_o as_o that_o charter_n itself_o witness_v be_v appoint_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o church_n of_o our_o saviour_n at_o canterbury_n as_o a_o precedent_n for_o posterity_n to_o imitate_v and_o though_o it_o appear_v not_o there_o in_o what_o language_n it_o be_v write_v yet_o i_o presume_v it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o with_o their_o law_n which_o be_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n for_o there_o be_v two_o copy_n of_o it_o extant_a in_o latin_a so_o differ_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o as_o thereby_o they_o both_o appear_v to_o be_v translation_n for_o proof_n thereof_o the_o one_o of_o they_o use_v the_o word_n charta_fw-la and_o chartula_fw-la which_o ingulfus_n affirm_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o hither_o by_o the_o norman_n that_o be_v above_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o time_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o withred_n the_o other_o latin_a copy_n term_v it_o scriptum_n not_o chartam_fw-la and_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o use_v neither_o of_o those_o word_n but_o call_v such_o write_n in_o latin_a chirographos_n not_o chartas_n as_o ingulfus_n there_o also_o testify_v so_o that_o it_o hereby_o appear_v that_o the_o prototype_n or_o first_o pattern_n of_o charter_n which_o the_o saxon_n imitate_v be_v not_o in_o latin_a but_o in_o saxon._n tonguâ—_n second_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v presume_v and_o very_o strong_o that_o though_o this_o charter_n of_o beorredus_n remain_v to_o we_o by_o a_o latin_a copy_n yet_o the_o original_n itself_o like_o a_o thousand_o other_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n nor_o can_v it_o in_o all_o probability_n be_v otherwise_o for_o at_o the_o very_a time_n when_o it_o be_v make_v viz._n in_o anno_fw-la 868._o learning_n be_v so_o general_o subvert_v throughout_o england_n by_o the_o barbarous_a dane_n that_o king_n alfred_n who_o begin_v to_o reign_v within_o four_o year_n after_o the_o date_n thereof_o say_v 378._o paucissimi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la cis_fw-la humbrum_fw-la qui_fw-la vel_fw-la preces_fw-la svas_fw-la commune_v sermone_fw-la anglico_fw-la intelligere_fw-la potuerant_fw-la vel_fw-la scriptum_fw-la aliquod_fw-la è_fw-la latino_n transfer_v tam_fw-la sane_fw-la pauci_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ut_fw-la ne_fw-la unum_fw-la quidem_fw-la recordari_fw-la possum_fw-la ex_fw-la australi_fw-la parte_fw-la thamesis_n tum_fw-la cum_fw-la ego_fw-la regnare_fw-la occaeperam_fw-la but_o as_o their_o original_a charter_n be_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n so_o in_o the_o leiger-book_n in_o which_o they_o be_v preserve_v to_o we_o they_o be_v often_o set_v down_o in_o the_o saxon_a and_o then_o because_o the_o book_n themselves_o be_v in_o latin_a they_o be_v there_o translate_v also_o into_o latin_a and_o often_o time_n set_v down_o in_o the_o latin_a only_o without_o the_o saxon_a as_o in_o the_o book_n of_o ramsey-abby_n which_o have_v no_o charter_n in_o it_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o author_n of_o it_o say_v libri_fw-la that_o himself_o have_v there_o translate_v they_o all_o into_o latin_a after_o that_o that_o abbey_n in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n stephen_n have_v recover_v her_o liberty_n yet_o i_o deny_v not_o that_o latin_a charter_n may_v be_v often_o use_v by_o their_o latter_a clergyman_n when_o learning_n which_o in_o beorred_n time_n be_v utter_o subvert_v begin_v at_o last_o to_o recover_v life_n again_o day_n three_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o word_n feudum_fw-la or_o feodum_fw-la be_v not_o in_o use_n in_o beorredus_n day_n viz._n anno_fw-la 868._o for_o proof_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o infancy_n youth_n and_o full_a age_n of_o the_o feodal_n law_n for_o according_a to_o these_o several_a time_n the_o feodal_n land_n have_v their_o several_a denomination_n first_o they_o be_v call_v munera_fw-la then_o beneficia_fw-la and_o last_o feuda_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a marculfus_n who_o collect_v the_o formulas_fw-la or_o precedent_n as_o we_o call_v they_o of_o charter_n and_o instrument_n of_o the_o time_n he_o live_v in_o which_o be_v under_o clodovaeus_n ii_o king_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n 660._o make_v mention_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o munera_fw-la and_o in_o his_o second_o of_o beneficia_fw-la but_o no_o where_o of_o feuda_n and_o he_o who_o a_o hundred_o year_n or_o more_o after_o he_o collect_v the_o formula_n incerti_fw-la autoris_fw-la speak_v divers_a time_n 21._o of_o beneficium_fw-la but_o never_o name_v feudum_n for_o that_o this_o term_n come_v not_o into_o use_n till_o afterward_o when_o these_o beneficia_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuity_n beneficium_fw-la regis_fw-la say_v 470._o bignonius_n postea_fw-la feudum_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v 550._o beneficii_fw-la nomine_fw-la ea_fw-la praedia_fw-la dicta_fw-la sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la feuda_fw-la posteritas_fw-la dixit_fw-la initio_fw-la namque_fw-la vita_fw-la accipientis_fw-la finiebantur_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v they_o be_v call_v beneficia_fw-la when_o they_o be_v grant_v only_o for_o life_n of_o the_o grantee_n but_o be_v call_v feuda_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuity_n and_o not_o before_o cujacius_n therefore_o speak_v 7._o of_o feudatarii_fw-la which_o word_n come_v into_o use_n with_o feudum_n for_o relative_n mutuo_fw-la se_fw-la ponunt_fw-la &_o auferunt_fw-la say_v that_o when_o actores_fw-la custodesque_fw-la proediorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la temporarii_fw-la perpetui_fw-la esse_fw-la caeperunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n when_o those_o who_o have_v the_o use_n and_o order_n of_o 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diligence_n of_o the_o german_n french_a italian_n and_o other_o nation_n in_o publish_v the_o history_n and_o decree_n of_o their_o respective_a synod_n whilst_o the_o english_a who_o have_v a_o great_a plenty_n of_o evidence_n both_o in_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a affair_n than_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n have_v never_o so_o much_o as_o attempt_v such_o a_o public_a service_n to_o their_o church_n upon_o that_o occasion_n the_o good_a bishop_n desire_v dr._n wren_n that_o for_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o religion_n he_o will_v think_v of_o such_o a_o undertake_n and_o lest_o it_o shall_v prove_v too_o tedious_a for_o any_o single_a hand_n that_o he_o will_v draw_v to_o his_o assistance_n a_o convenient_a number_n of_o man_n of_o sufficient_a learning_n and_o judgement_n for_o a_o work_n of_o that_o nature_n upon_o this_o request_n he_o promise_v to_o consider_v of_o it_o and_o have_v proceed_v but_o that_o the_o bishop_n excuse_v he_o 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university_n of_o cambridge_n council_n the_o second_o volume_n of_o the_o council_n at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o glossary_a be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n by_o the_o direction_n of_o archbishop_n sheldon_n and_o chancellor_n hyde_n he_o make_v considerable_a addition_n to_o it_o out_o of_o the_o archbishop_n register_n and_o the_o cottonian_a library_n so_o that_o he_o affirm_v in_o a_o letter_n to_o mr._n spelman_n grandson_n to_o sir_n henry_n that_o of_o the_o 200._o sheet_n in_o that_o book_n not_o above_o 57_o be_v of_o his_o grandfather_n collect_v and_o it_o appear_v from_o the_o original_a in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n under_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n and_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n that_o the_o former_a have_v leave_v little_o more_o towards_o the_o second_o volume_n than_o hint_n and_o reference_n where_o the_o council_n be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o it_o be_v publish_v in_o the_o year_n 1664._o but_o with_o abundance_n of_o fault_n occasion_v by_o the_o negligence_n either_o of_o the_o copier_n or_o corrector_n or_o both_o somner_n mr._n somner_n sensible_a of_o this_o take_v great_a pain_n in_o collect_v the_o print_a copy_n with_o many_o of_o the_o original_a record_n correct_v the_o error_n in_o the_o margin_n of_o his_o own_o book_n this_o be_v now_o in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n and_o will_v be_v a_o good_a help_n towards_o a_o more_o accurate_a edition_n 43._o as_o well_o as_o those_o collection_n of_o mr._n junius_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o mr._n jones_n of_o sunningwell_n the_o truth_n be_v we_o very_o much_o want_v a_o new_a edition_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o impression_n have_v be_v burn_v in_o the_o fire_n of_o london_n so_o that_o the_o book_n be_v hardly_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o and_o uncorrect_a as_o it_o be_v have_v ever_o since_o bore_v a_o immoderate_a price_n i_o know_v no_o work_n that_o will_v be_v a_o great_a service_n to_o our_o church_n than_o a_o entire_a history_n of_o all_o the_o council_n before_o the_o reformation_n for_o the_o account_n of_o they_o which_o we_o have_v already_o be_v far_o from_o be_v entire_a with_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o three_o volume_n to_o contain_v the_o public_a affair_n of_o our_o reform_a church_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o towards_o this_o last_o part_n some_o assistance_n may_v be_v have_v from_o that_o oxon_n manuscript_n of_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n entitle_v paper_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o a_o three_o volume_n of_o the_o council_n though_o i_o fear_v not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o title_n promise_v the_o great_a discovery_n of_o manuscript_n the_o many_o observation_n that_o have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o learned_a bishop_n of_o worcester_n and_o other_o upon_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o british_a and_o saxon_a church_n and_o the_o general_a approbation_n that_o the_o work_n must_v needs_o meet_v with_o be_v all_o of_o they_o very_o good_a encouragement_n to_o such_o a_o undertake_n next_o to_o his_o glossary_a and_o council_n we_o be_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o that_o part_n of_o his_o work_n wherein_o he_o assert_v a_o due_a veneration_n to_o person_n place_n and_o thing_n consecrate_v to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n 〈…〉_z the_o first_o that_o he_o publish_v of_o this_o kind_n be_v his_o note_a treatise_n de_fw-fr non_fw-fr temerandis_fw-la ecclesiis_fw-la print_v at_o london_n in_o the_o 16â—3_n and_o afterward_o at_o other_o place_n it_o be_v write_v as_o the_o title_n inform_v we_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o a_o gentleman_n who_o have_v a_o appropriate_a parsonage_n employ_v the_o church_n to_o profane_a use_n and_o leave_v the_o parishioner_n uncertain_o provide_v of_o divine_a service_n in_o a_o parish_n there_o adjoin_v the_o two_o oxford_n edition_n come_v forth_o with_o a_o large_a preface_n by_o his_o
majesty_n will_v please_v to_o consider_v his_o son_n according_o the_o king_n send_v for_o mr._n spelman_n and_o with_o many_o expression_n of_o kindness_n immediate_o spelman_n confer_v on_o he_o the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n after_o the_o civil_a war_n break_v out_o his_o majesty_n by_o a_o letter_n under_o his_o own_o hand_n command_v he_o from_o his_o own_o house_n in_o norfolk_n to_o give_v his_o attendance_n at_o oxford_n where_o he_o be_v oftentimes_o call_v to_o private_a council_n and_o employ_v to_o write_v several_a paper_n in_o vindication_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o court_n but_o while_o he_o be_v thus_o attend_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o public_a and_o when_o these_o will_v give_v he_o leave_v his_o own_o private_a study_n he_o fall_v sick_a and_o die_v the_o 25._o of_o july_n 1643._o his_o funeral_n sermon_n by_o his_o majesty_n be_v special_a order_n be_v preach_v by_o archbishop_n usher_n a_o intimate_a acquaintance_n both_o of_o the_o father_n and_o son_n in_o the_o year_n 1640._o he_o have_v publish_v the_o saxon_a psalter_n from_o a_o ancient_a ms._n of_o sir_n henry_n which_o as_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o preface_n be_v a_o task_n enjoin_v he_o by_o his_o father_n he_o also_o write_v the_o life_n of_o king_n alfred_n in_o english_a which_o have_v lie_v several_a year_n in_o manuscript_n be_v at_o last_o translate_v into_o latin_a and_o publish_v in_o 1678._o with_o mr._n walker_n commentary_n upon_o it_o spelman_n clement_n spelman_n young_a son_n to_o sir_n henry_n be_v a_o councillor_n and_o make_v puny_a baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n upon_o the_o restoration_n of_o king_n charles_n ii_o he_o 2._o publish_v some_o piece_n relate_v to_o the_o government_n and_o a_o large_a preface_n to_o his_o father_n book_n de_fw-fr non_fw-la temerandis_fw-la ecclesiis_fw-la die_v in_o june_n 1679._o he_o be_v bury_v in_o st._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n 〈…〉_z to_o return_v to_o sir_n henry_n he_o die_v in_o london_n at_o the_o house_n of_o sir_n ralph_n whitfeild_n his_o son-in-law_n be_v about_o 80._o year_n of_o age._n his_o body_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o king_n charles_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v inter_v in_o westminster-abbey_n whither_o it_o be_v carry_v with_o great_a solemnity_n on_o the_o 24_o the_o of_o october_n 1641._o and_o bury_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o pillar_n over_o against_o mr._n camden_n monument_n the_o several_a discourse_n contain_a in_o this_o volume_n 1._o the_o original_a growth_n propagation_n and_o condition_n of_o feud_n and_o tenor_n by_o knight-service_n in_o england_n pag._n 1._o chap._n i._n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n and_o what_o a_o feud_n be_v p._n 1._o chap._n ii_o the_o original_a growth_n and_o propagation_n of_o feud_n first_o in_o general_n then_o in_o england_n p._n 2._o chap._n iii_o that_o none_o of_o our_o feodal_n word_n nor_o word_n of_o tenure_n be_v find_v in_o any_o law_n or_o ancient_a charter_n of_o the_o saxon_n p._n 7._o chap._n iu._n of_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la more_o particular_o p._n 10._o chap._n v._o what_o degree_n and_o distinction_n of_o person_n be_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o of_o what_o condition_n their_o land_n be_v p._n 11._o chap._n vi_o of_o earl_n among_o our_o saxon_n p._n 13._o chap._n vii_o of_o ceorl_n and_o that_o they_o be_v ordinary_o but_o as_o tenant_n at_o will_n or_o have_v land_n hold_v not_o by_o knight-service_n p._n 14._o chap._n viii_o of_o thanes_z and_o their_o several_a kind_n p._n 16._o chap._n ix_o charter_n of_o thaneland_n grant_v by_o saxon_a king_n not_o only_o without_o mention_n of_o tenure_n or_o feodal-service_n but_o with_o all_o immunity_n except_o expedition_n etc._n etc._n p._n 19_o chap._n x._o observation_n upon_o the_o precedent_n charter_n show_v that_o the_o thaneland_n or_o expedition_n be_v not_o feodal_n or_o do_v lie_v in_o tenure_n p._n 21._o chap._n xi_o more_o touch_v the_o freedom_n of_o thaneland_n out_o of_o doomsday_n p._n 23._o chap._n xii_o the_o fruit_n of_o feodal_n tenor_n and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o find_v among_o the_o saxon_n or_o not_o after_o our_o manner_n p._n 24._o chap._n xiii_o no_o profit_n of_o land_n by_o wardship_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n p._n 25._o chap._n fourteen_o no_o wardship_n in_o england_n among_o the_o saxon_n objection_n answer_v p._n 25._o caap._n xv._n no_o marriage_n of_o ward_n p._n 29._o chap._n xvi_o no_o livery_n no_o primer-seisin_a p._n 30._o chap._n xvii_o that_o relief_n whereon_o the_o report_n most_o rely_v be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n nor_o like_o their_o heriot_n p._n 31._o chap._n xviii_o difference_n between_o heriot_n and_o relief_n p._n 32._o chap._n xix_o no_o fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n p._n 33._o chap._n xx._n no_o feodal_n homage_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 34._o chap._n xxi_o what_o manner_n of_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 34._o chap._n xxii_o no_o escuage_z among_o the_o saxon_n what_o in_o the_o empire_n p._n 36._o chap._n xxiii_o no_o feodal_n escheat_n of_o hereditary_a land_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 37._o chap._n xxiv_o thaneland_n and_o reveland_n what_o no_o mark_n of_o tenure_n but_o distinction_n of_o land-holders_n p._n 38._o chap._n xxv_o how_o the_o saxon_n hold_v their_o land_n and_o what_o oblige_v they_o to_o so_o many_o kind_n of_o service_n p._n 40._o chap._n xxvi_o the_o charter_n whereby_o oswald_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n dispose_v divers_a land_n of_o his_o church_n after_o the_o feodal_n manner_n of_o that_o time_n entitle_v indiculum_fw-la libertatis_fw-la de_fw-la oswalds-laws-hundred_n p._n 41._o chap._n xxvii_o inducement_n to_o the_o conclusion_n p._n 43._o chap._n xxviii_o the_o conclusion_n p._n 46._o ii_o of_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o england_n p._n 49._o iii_o of_o parliament_n p._n 57_o iv._o the_o original_a of_o the_o four_o term_n of_o the_o year_n p._n 67._o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n p._n 69._o sect_n i._o of_o the_o term_n in_o general_a p._n 71._o sect_n ii_o of_o the_o name_n of_o term_n ibid._n sect_n iii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o term_n or_o law-day_n p._n 73_o sect_n iv._o of_o the_o time_n assign_v to_o law-matter_n call_v the_o term_n ibid._n chap._n i._o of_o law-day_n among_o the_o ancient_n p._n 74._o chap._n ii_o of_o law-day_n among_o the_o roman_n use_v choice_a day_n p._n 75._o chap._n iii_o of_o law-day_n among_o the_o first_o christian_n use_v all_o time_n alike_o p._n 75._o chap._n iu._n how_o sunday_n come_v to_o be_v exempt_v p._n 76._o chap._n v._o how_o other_o festival_n and_o vacation-day_n be_v exempt_v ibid._n chap._n vi_o that_o our_o term_n take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o canon-law_n p._n 77._o chap._n vii_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n in_o this_o matter_n ibid._n chap._n viii_o the_o constitution_n of_o canutus_n more_o particular_a p._n 78._o chap._n ix_o the_o constitution_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n most_o material_a p._n 79._o chap._n x._o the_o constitution_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n p._n 80._o chap._n xi_o what_o do_v by_o will._n rufus_n henry_n i._n k._n stephen_n and_o hen._n ii_o p._n 81._o chap._n xii_o the_o term_n lay_v out_o according_a to_o their_o ancient_a law_n p._n 82._o chap._n xiii_o easter-term_n p._n 83._o chap._n fourteen_o trinity-term_n p._n 84._o chap._n xv._n of_o michaelmass-term_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n p._n 85._o chap._n xvi_o the_o late_a constitution_n of_o the_o term_n p._n 86._o chap._n xvii_o how_o trinity_n term_n be_v alter_v and_o shorten_v p._n 87._o chap._n xviii_o how_n michaelmass-term_n be_v abbreviate_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 16._o car._n i._o cap._n 6._o p._n 81._o sect_n v._o other_o consideration_n concern_v termtime_n ibid._n chap._n i._n why_o the_o high-court_n sit_v not_o in_o the_o afternoon_n p._n 89._o chap._n ii_o why_o they_o sit_v not_o at_o all_o some_o day_n p._n 90._o chap._n iii_o why_o some_o law_n business_n may_v be_v do_v on_o day_n exempt_v p._n 93._o chap._n iu._n why_o the_o end_n of_o michaelmass-term_n be_v sometime_o hold_v in_o advent_n and_o of_o hilary_n in_o septuagesima_fw-la etc._n etc._n p._n 95._o chap._n v._o why_o assize_n be_v hold_v in_o lent_n ibid._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o return_v p._n 96._o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o quarta_fw-la dies_fw-la post_fw-la p._n 97._o chap._n viii_o why_o there_o be_v so_o much_o canon_n and_o foreign_a law_n use_v in_o this_o discourse_n with_o a_o excursion_n into_o the_o original_n of_o our_o law_n p._n 98._o appendix_n p._n 104._o v._o a_o apology_n for_o archbishop_n abbot_n touch_v the_o death_n of_o peter_n hawkins_n the_o keeper_n wound_v in_o the_o park_n at_o bramsil_n july_n 24._o 1621._o p._n 107._o vi_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o say_a apology_n p._n 111._o vii_o letter_n and_o instrument_n relate_v to_o the_o kill_n of_o hawkins_n by_o the_o a._n b._n
therefore_o and_o true_o be_v it_o say_v by_o the_o ever_o honour_a justice_n littleton_n that_o feodum_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditas_fw-la and_o the_o captious_a criticism_n of_o sir_n thomas_n smith_n dr._n of_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o deny_v it_o be_v to_o his_o own_o reproach_n for_o his_o great_a master_n cujacius_n as_o before_o appear_v support_v littleton_n and_o his_o fellow_n civilian_n do_v tell_v he_o quoth_v in_o feudis_fw-la particularis_fw-la &_o localis_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la attendenda_fw-la est_fw-la and_o littleton_n receive_v it_o as_o use_v in_o this_o signification_n from_o the_o elder_a writer_n of_o our_o law_n of_o the_o like_a indiscretion_n be_v that_o of_o dr._n cowell_n who_o carp_v at_o this_o ancient_a phrase_n use_v in_o the_o formulis_fw-la of_o our_o plead_n where_o it_o be_v ordinary_o say_v rex_fw-la seisitus_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la as_o though_o de_fw-fr feodo_fw-la be_v there_o to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o court_n of_o milan_n for_o praedium_fw-la militare_fw-la superiori_fw-la domino_fw-la &_o servitiis_fw-la obnoxium_fw-la not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n pro_fw-la directo_fw-la dominio_fw-la vel_fw-la haereditate_fw-la pura_fw-la &_o absoluta_fw-la conquest_n to_o conclude_v therefore_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o passage_n of_o justice_n littleton_n join_v to_o that_o we_o have_v former_o deliver_v that_o our_o law_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o feud_n till_o they_o be_v become_v hereditary_a with_o we_o which_o be_v since_o the_o conquest_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v and_o shall_v prove_v abundant_o hereafter_o overthrow_v all_o the_o argument_n in_o the_o report_n produce_v for_o prove_v our_o feodal_n rite_n of_o tenure_n wardship_n marriage_n relief_n etc._n etc._n to_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n for_o till_o they_o be_v hereditary_a these_o appendance_n can_v not_o belong_v to_o they_o it_o be_v also_o very_o improbable_a that_o feud_n be_v make_v hereditary_a here_o in_o england_n before_o other_o country_n or_o that_o the_o more_o civil_a nation_n of_o europe_n shall_v take_v example_n herein_o from_o our_o rude_a if_o not_o illiterate_a saxon_n chap._n iii_o that_o none_o of_o our_o feodal_n word_n nor_o word_n of_o tenure_n be_v find_v in_o any_o law_n or_o ancient_a charter_n of_o the_o saxon_n saxon_n it_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v that_o our_o modern_a kind_n of_o feud_n can_v not_o be_v in_o use_n among_o our_o english_a saxon_n and_o it_o will_v now_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o any_o of_o our_o modern_a tenor_n or_o which_o of_o they_o be_v then_o in_o use_n or_o not_o the_o report_n say_v it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o capite-tenure_n tenor_n by_o knight-service_n tenure_n in_o socage_n frankalmoign_a etc._n etc._n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n i_o desire_v that_o without_o offence_n i_o may_v examine_v this_o that_o be_v so_o manifest_a and_o so_o frequent_a i_o confess_v there_o be_v many_o specious_a show_n of_o knight-service_n and_o socage_n among_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n but_o whether_o by_o way_n of_o tenure_n contract_n or_o de_fw-fr more_fw-mi gentium_fw-la must_v be_v well_o examine_v for_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o nation_n have_v former_o as_o great_a command_n over_o their_o follower_n and_o such_o as_o dwell_v upon_o their_o land_n as_o our_o saxon_n have_v yet_o be_v it_o without_o any_o rule_n or_o speech_n of_o tenure_n use_v the_o word_n tenura_n be_v neither_o know_v nor_o find_v in_o any_o latin_a author_n of_o antiquity_n nor_o any_o conjugate_v thereof_o as_o tenentes_fw-la tenementa_fw-la tenere_fw-la or_o tenendum_fw-la in_o a_o feodal_a sense_n the_o first_o place_n where_o i_o meet_v with_o tenere_fw-la in_o that_o manner_n be_v among_o the_o salique_n and_o german_n in_o the_o constitution_n before_o mention_v of_o conradus_n the_o emperor_n about_o the_o year_n 915_o when_o beneficia_fw-la which_o we_o now_o call_v feud_n be_v first_o continue_v to_o some_o of_o the_o son_n and_o grandchild_n of_o the_o male_a line_n of_o they_o that_o then_o enjoy_v they_o but_o i_o find_v not_o one_o of_o those_o word_n or_o any_o consignificant_a or_o equivalent_a to_o they_o in_o all_o our_o saxon-law_n the_o word_n feodum_fw-la feud_n or_o fee_n itself_o be_v never_o mention_v in_o they_o nor_o be_v there_o any_o sound_n of_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la tenure_n by_o knight-service_n tenure_n in_o socage_n frankalmoign_a etc._n etc._n either_o in_o our_o saxon_a law_n or_o in_o the_o law_n of_o any_o other_o nation_n that_o i_o can_v find_v till_o the_o time_n that_o feud_n begin_v to_o be_v perpetual_a or_o hereditary_a as_o before_o be_v mention_v it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o some_o latin_a charter_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n we_o now_o and_o then_o find_v the_o word_n tenere_fw-la tenementum_fw-la and_o tenendum_fw-la and_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o beorredus_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n date_v anno_fw-la 868._o the_o word_n de_fw-fr eodem_fw-la seodo_fw-la as_o though_o lordship_n at_o that_o time_n have_v be_v distribute_v into_o feud_n which_o be_v report_v by_o ingulfus_n charter_n a_o saxon_a give_v great_a probability_n that_o feud_n be_v then_o in_o use_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o these_o charter_n be_v as_o i_o say_v in_o latin_n and_o not_o in_o saxon_a and_o therefore_o not_o likely_a to_o be_v the_o very_a original_n but_o translation_n of_o they_o make_v after_o the_o conquest_n for_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o norman_n either_o by_o ingulf_n himself_o or_o some_o other_o expert_a in_o the_o norman_a language_n law_n and_o custom_n who_o apply_v himself_o to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o norman_n use_v norman_a word_n and_o such_o interpretation_n as_o they_o be_v best_a acquaint_v with_o though_o differ_v from_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n and_o so_o perhaps_o translate_v de_fw-la eodem_fw-la fâ—odo_fw-la for_o de_fw-la eodem_fw-la territorio_fw-la or_o patrimonio_fw-la and_o tenentes_fw-la tenementa_fw-la and_o tenendum_fw-la for_o possidentes_fw-la possessiones_fw-la and_o possidendum_fw-la not_o unlike_o our_o translator_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n who_o tell_v we_o of_o the_o arm_n of_o family_n chancellor_n sheriff_n recorder_n townclerk_n doctor_n of_o law_n homage_n do_v to_o solomon_n and_o of_o the_o arraignment_n of_o our_o bless_a saviour_n as_o though_o the_o jewish_a and_o asiatic_a nation_n have_v in_o those_o day_n of_o old_a their_o college_n of_o herald_n the_o same_o magistrate_n officer_n degree_n in_o school_n custom_n of_o law_n plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o form_n of_o government_n which_o we_o in_o england_n have_v at_o this_o day_n saxon_n by_o such_o allusion_n i_o suppose_v or_o illusion_n rather_o come_v our_o late_a feodal_n word_v into_o ancient_a latin_a charter_n i_o desire_v to_o see_v but_o one_o charter_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n before_o the_o conquest_n wherein_o any_o feodal_n word_n be_v apparent_o express_v a_o saxon_a chronicle_n tell_v we_o that_o king_n alfred_n in_o the_o year_n 896._o give_v london_n to_o ethelred_n a_o earl_n or_o alderman_n that_o marry_v his_o daughter_n ethelfle_v to_o healdo_n that_o be_v ad_fw-la tenendum_fw-la which_o some_o understand_v feodally_n as_o to_o hold_v it_o of_o he_o but_o wigorniensis_n report_v the_o matter_n plain_o ad_fw-la servandum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o keep_v and_o defend_v it_o so_o among_o the_o custom_n of_o kent_n the_o word_n healder_n i._n e._n holder_n be_v use_v for_o a_o tenant_n in_o the_o saxon_a distich_n there_o cite_v but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o those_o custom_n be_v collect_v long_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o therefore_o write_v in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n not_o in_o the_o saxon_a and_o that_o the_o distich_n itself_o be_v not_o of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a but_o of_o a_o puisne_n dialect_n use_v vulgar_o since_o the_o conquest_n examine_v but_o because_o the_o charter_n of_o beorredus_n produce_v by_o myself_o against_o myself_o be_v more_o material_a for_o proof_n of_o feud_n among_o the_o saxon_n than_o all_o that_o be_v allege_v to_o that_o purpose_n in_o the_o report_n first_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o antiquity_n thereof_o then_o for_o that_o it_o name_v the_o word_n feodo_fw-it express_o and_o three_o for_o that_o it_o declare_v certain_a land_n to_o be_v de_fw-fr eodem_fw-la feodo_fw-la as_o if_o there_o be_v many_o other_o feod_n then_o in_o use_n give_v i_o leave_v i_o beseech_v you_o to_o examine_v this_o charter_n yet_o more_o large_o and_o particular_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o elder_n saxon_n make_v their_o ordinary_a conveyance_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n without_o deed_n or_o writing_n by_o delivery_n of_o a_o turf_n or_o spear_n a_o staff_n a_o arrow_n or_o some_o other_o symbol_n in_o token_n thereof_o yea_o their_o very_a law_n like_o those_o of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n call_v rhetra_n be_v unwritten_a till_o ethelbert_n their_o first_o
thanes_z we_o must_v consider_v they_o the_o more_o diligent_o first_o in_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o person_n second_o in_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o land_n what_o a_o thane_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o earl_n not_o proper_o a_o title_n of_o dignity_n but_o of_o service_n so_o call_v in_o the_o saxon_a of_o â—enian_n servire_fw-la and_o in_o latin_a minister_n à _fw-la ministrando_fw-la but_o as_o there_o be_v many_o degree_n of_o service_n some_o of_o great_a estimation_n and_o some_o of_o less_o so_o those_o that_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o place_n of_o eminency_n either_o in_o court_n or_o commonwealth_n be_v call_v thani_fw-la majores_fw-la and_o thani_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o those_o that_o serve_v under_o they_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o under_o duke_n earls_z and_o other_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o also_o under_o bishop_n abbat_n and_o the_o great_a prelate_n of_o the_o church_n be_v call_v thani_fw-la minores_fw-la or_o the_o lesser_a thanes_z and_o as_o the_o title_n of_o honourable_a office_n and_o service_n in_o duke_n earls_z etc._n etc._n become_v at_o length_n to_o be_v make_v hereditary_a so_o this_o of_o thanes_z like_o our_o title_n of_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n descend_v at_o last_o with_o their_o father_n land_n upon_o their_o child_n and_o posterity_n and_o continue_v thus_o till_o after_o the_o conquest_n as_o appear_v by_o some_o writ_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o conqueror_n thanes_z buchanan_n 6._o describe_v the_o quality_n of_o their_o person_n call_v they_o praefectos_fw-la regionum_fw-la sive_fw-la nomarchas_n &_o quaestores_fw-la rerum_fw-la capitalium_fw-la governor_n of_o place_n principal_a minister_n of_o justice_n chequer_n man_n sheriff_n etc._n etc._n but_o we_o will_v take_v they_o as_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o describe_v they_o in_o the_o place_n before_o mention_v where_o it_o thus_o follow_v give_v ceorl_n geðeah_a ê§_n he_o hefde_v fullice_v fif_fw-mi hyda_fw-mi agenes_n land_n etc._n etc._n if_o a_o churl_n or_o husbandman_n thrive_v so_o that_o he_o have_v full_o five_o hide_n of_o his_o own_o land_n a_o church_n and_o a_o kitchen_n a_o bellhouse_n and_o a_o gatehouse_n a_o seat_n and_o a_o several_a office_n in_o the_o king_n hall_n then_o he_o be_v from_o thenceforth_o worthy_a of_o the_o right_n of_o a_o thane_n mean_v as_o i_o understand_v it_o he_o be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o great_a thanes_z or_o king_n thanes_z for_o the_o lesser_a thane_n be_v by_o and_o by_o describe_v also_o in_o that_o which_o follow_v viz._n and_o give_v ðegen_o geðeah_a etc._n etc._n and_o if_o a_o thane_n himself_o so_o prosper_v that_o he_o serve_v the_o king_n and_o ride_v upon_o his_o message_n as_o other_o of_o his_o court_n and_o then_o have_v a_o thane_n i._n e._n a_o under_o or_o lesser_a thane_n that_o follow_v he_o which_o have_v five_o hide_n or_o ploughland_n chargeable_a to_o the_o king_n expedition_n and_o serve_v his_o lord_n in_o the_o king_n court_n and_o have_v go_v thrice_o upon_o his_o errand_n to_o the_o king_n he_o this_o under-thane_n may_v take_v a_o oath_n instead_o of_o his_o lord_n and_o at_o any_o great_a need_n supply_v the_o place_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o if_o a_o thane_n do_v so_o thrive_v as_o he_o become_v a_o earl_n he_o have_v the_o right_n of_o a_o earl_n and_o a_o merchant_n may_v become_v a_o thane_n etc._n etc._n mr._n lambard_n 502._o conceive_v this_o place_n to_o discover_v but_o three_o degree_n among_o the_o saxon_n viz._n earl_n thanes_z and_o ceorl_n not_o admit_v the_o under-thane_n to_o be_v a_o several_a degree_n the_o word_n seem_v otherwise_o and_o the_o saxon_a division_n before_o recite_v make_v four_a degree_n earl_n ceorl_n thegn_n and_o theoden_n or_o under_o thane_n some_o therefore_o distinguish_v thanes_z into_o majores_fw-la and_o minores_fw-la some_o into_o majores_fw-la minores_fw-la otherwise_o call_v mediocres_fw-la and_o minimi_fw-la who_o canutus_n in_o his_o forest-law_n call_v minuti_fw-la and_o tinemen_n i_o dare_v not_o venture_v to_o define_v they_o particular_o but_o will_v rest_v upon_o the_o saxon_a division_n first_o mention_v which_o i_o find_v to_o be_v pursue_v by_o norman_a term_n in_o the_o law_n of_o edw._n confess_v and_o william_n conq._n deliver_v by_o ingulfus_n viz._n count_n baron_n valvasor_n and_o villain_n where_o he_o place_v count_n instead_o of_o earl_n baron_n instead_o of_o kings-thane_n valvasor_n instead_o of_o theoden_a or_o lesser_a thane_n and_o last_o villain_n instead_o of_o churl_n as_o though_o the_o division_n both_o of_o the_o saxon_a and_o norman_a time_n do_v hold_v analogy_n one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o both_o of_o they_o with_o we_o at_o this_o day_n viz._n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n include_v the_o great_a nobility_n baron_n of_o town_n and_o manor_n include_v the_o lesser_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n and_o that_o of_o our_o yeoman_n include_v the_o husbandman_n to_o return_v to_o the_o thanes_z this_o saxon_a passage_n have_v per_fw-la transennam_fw-la show_v unto_o we_o not_o only_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o person_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o land_n whereupon_o all_o our_o question_n do_v depend_v and_o true_a it_o be_v it_o show_v that_o both_o they_o and_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o military_a service_n call_v in_o latin_a expeditio_fw-la in_o saxon_a utfare_n and_o ferdgung_a and_o in_o foreign_a nation_n heribannum_n that_o be_v the_o call_n forth_o of_o a_o army_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o ancient_a ms._n of_o saxon_a law_n in_o the_o king_n library_n that_o the_o thanes_z be_v not_o only_o tie_v to_o this_o but_o to_o many_o other_o service_n to_o be_v do_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o land_n which_o notwithstanding_o breed_v no_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knights-service_n the_o word_n be_v these_o 163._o tbani_n lex_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la dignus_fw-la rectitudine_fw-la testamenti_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la tria_fw-la faciat_fw-la pro_fw-la terra_fw-la sua_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la burghbotam_fw-la &_o brugbotam_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr multis_fw-la terris_fw-la majus_fw-la landirectum_fw-la exurgit_fw-la ad_fw-la bannum_fw-la regis_fw-la sicut_fw-la est_fw-la deorhege_n ad_fw-la mansionem_fw-la regiam_fw-la &_o sceorpum_n in_o hosticum_fw-la &_o custodiam_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o capitis_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la &_o elmesfeoh_n &_o ciricsetum_n i._n e._n pecunia_fw-la eleemosynae_fw-la &_o ciricsceatum_n &_o aliae_fw-la res_fw-la thus_o in_o english_a the_o law_n touch_v a_o thane_n be_v that_o he_o have_v power_n to_o make_v a_o will_n and_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o land_n he_o shall_v do_v three_o thing_n viz._n military_a expedition_n repair_v of_o castle_n and_o mend_v of_o bridge_n and_o for_o more_o land_n to_o do_v more_o land-duty_n to_o go_v forth_o upon_o the_o king_n summons_n to_o the_o enclose_v of_o his_o park_n and_o mansion-house_n and_o to_o somn._fw-la ....._o into_o the_o enemy_n land_n and_o to_o defend_v the_o sea_n his_o own_o head_n and_o the_o peace_n to_o pay_v alms-mony_n church-seed_n church-shot_n and_o other_o thing_n what_o be_v there_o in_o all_o this_o to_o show_v either_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight-service_n it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o the_o military_a expediton_n and_o ward_n of_o the_o sea_n against_o enemy_n imply_v a_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n and_o that_o those_o and_o the_o other_o service_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v to_o the_o king_n and_o upon_o the_o king_n summons_n show_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o doubt_n so_o will_v it_o be_v for_o land_n give_v in_o this_o manner_n by_o the_o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n but_o i_o conceive_v that_o none_o of_o all_o this_o rise_v out_o of_o any_o tenure_n or_o feodal_n reservation_n make_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n in_o grant_v these_o land_n or_o by_o any_o particular_a contract_n agree_v of_o by_o the_o thane_n or_o subject_n in_o accept_v they_o but_o out_o of_o a_o fundamental_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o ancient_a as_o the_o kingdom_n itself_o whereby_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v oblige_v to_o this_o trinodae_n necessitati_fw-la of_o military_a land_n expedition_n and_o building_n or_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n so_o that_o if_o this_o make_v a_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o thane_n land_n then_o must_v it_o follow_v also_o that_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v likewise_o hold_v by_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o it_o be_v whole_o tie_v to_o those_o three_o service_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o council_n of_o eanham_n cap._n 22._o 23_o 520._o where_o they_o be_v command_v to_o be_v yearly_o do_v and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n cap._n 10._o 62._o where_o they_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v do_v as_o necessity_n require_v and_o also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ethelred_n who_o about_o the_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n ordain_v that_o
under_o these_o name_v all_o the_o land_n that_o belong_v thereunto_o and_o those_o that_o dwell_v upon_o those_o mansas_fw-la etc._n etc._n they_o call_v not_o tenentes_fw-la holder_n as_o we_o do_v but_o manentes_fw-la as_o person_n abide_v there_o all_o the_o foresay_a word_n be_v of_o the_o middle-age-dialect_n not_o appropriate_v to_o the_o feodal_a language_n thaneland_n four_o in_o grant_v of_o feud_n and_o feud_n land_n the_o consideration_n be_v always_o for_o matter_n de_fw-fr futuro_fw-la as_o pro_fw-la homagio_fw-la &_o servitio_fw-la habendo_fw-la but_o here_o in_o grant_v these_o thaneland_n the_o consideration_n be_v for_o service_n past_a or_o present_a signify_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o thane_n as_o fideli_fw-la ministro_fw-la meo_fw-la or_o pro_fw-la placabili_fw-la obsequio_fw-la not_o only_o without_o reservation_n of_o any_o future_a service_n but_o with_o express_a immunity_n from_o all_o service_n as_o to_o use_v the_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n themselves_o 1._o ut_fw-la sint_fw-la libera_fw-la vel_fw-la immunia_fw-la à _fw-la servitute_fw-la mundana_fw-la 2._o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la malorum_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la 3._o liberrima_n ab_fw-la omni_fw-la munduali_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la 4._o liberrimum_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la munduali_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la in_o magnis_fw-la &_o modicis_fw-la 5._o aeterna_fw-la libertate_fw-la jocundum_fw-la 6._o liberum_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la seculari_fw-la gravedine_fw-la such_o be_v the_o freedom_n of_o these_o thaneland_n equal_a and_o no_o less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o land_n give_v in_o franck-almoigne_a by_o king_n edgar_n in_o the_o last_o cite_v charter_n which_o be_v there_o say_v to_o be_v omni_fw-la terrenae_fw-la servitutis_fw-la jugo_fw-la liberae_fw-la imperpetuum_fw-la alienate_v five_o the_o feodal_n land_n may_v not_o be_v alien_v without_o licence_n but_o the_o thane_n by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o his_o original_a charter_n may_v grant_v they_o cuicunque_fw-la voluerit_fw-la will._n six_o a_o feodal_n tenant_n or_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n as_o we_o call_v he_o can_v not_o devise_v his_o land_n by_o will_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o hen._n viii_o though_o it_o be_v with_o licence_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o which_o law_n the_o german_n themselves_o do_v hold_v even_o unto_o this_o day_n and_o the_o dane_n can_v yet_o devise_v no_o land_n by_o will_n as_o i_o be_o inform_v but_o the_o thane_n may_v devise_v his_o thaneland_n to_o who_o he_o will_v as_o appear_v bâ—_n the_o word_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o a_o charter_n to_o thola_n where_o he_o say_v possideat_fw-la hanc_fw-la meam_fw-la regiam_fw-la donaâ—â—onem_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la vivat_fw-la &_o post_fw-la obitum_fw-la suum_fw-la cuicunque_fw-la voluerit_fw-la haeredi_fw-la relinquat_fw-la exclude_v hereby_o all_o title_n of_o wardship_n and_o feodal_n duty_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n be_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o therewith_o agree_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o thane_n before_o mention_v thani_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la dignus_fw-la rectitudine_fw-la testamenti_fw-la svi_fw-la as_o for_o that_o passage_n in_o the_o will_n of_o brictrick_n the_o saxon_a where_o he_o seek_v his_o lord_n be_v consent_v that_o his_o will_n may_v stand_v i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o some_o â—oâ—â—land_n or_o custumary_a land_n which_o according_a to_o the_o use_n of_o that_o time_n he_o hold_v at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o not_o in_o respect_n of_o any_o thaneland_n for_o though_o this_o brictrick_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a possession_n yet_o be_v he_o none_o of_o the_o chief_a sort_n of_o thanâ—s_n call_v the_o king_n thanes_z but_z as_o appear_z by_o his_o will_n a_o under-thane_n belong_v to_o aelfric_n who_o be_v earl_n of_o mercia_n and_o how_o far_o the_o privilege_n of_o these_o under_o or_o lesser-thanes_a extend_v i_o can_v yet_o determine_v woman_n seven_o if_o thaneland_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n then_o by_o the_o feodal_n law_n of_o that_o time_n it_o can_v not_o transire_fw-la a_o lancea_fw-la ad_fw-la fusum_fw-la that_o be_v it_o may_v not_o be_v grant_v to_o woman_n for_o woman_n be_v not_o then_o nor_o long_o after_o capable_a of_o feodal_n land_n but_o the_o land_n here_o grant_v to_o thola_n be_v thaneland_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o her_o charter_n for_o that_o it_o be_v grant_v in_o aeternam_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la perpetualiter_fw-la possidendam_fw-la which_o word_n make_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n be_v only_o proper_a to_o thaneland_n otherwise_o call_v bocland_n not_o to_o folcland_n or_o popular_a land_n which_o be_v but_o at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n express_v eight_o there_o can_v no_o tenure_n nor_o service_n lie_v upon_o the_o thaneland_n other_o than_o what_o be_v express_v in_o the_o charter_n for_o in_o the_o end_n of_o every_o of_o they_o there_o be_v a_o horrible_a curse_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v fearful_o respect_v lay_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o upon_o all_o those_o that_o shall_v violate_v the_o charter_n either_o by_o add_v other_o encumbrance_n or_o by_o diminish_v the_o grant_v immunity_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o there_o be_v any_o lurk_a tenure_n or_o matter_n of_o plus_fw-fr ultra_fw-la to_o impeach_v they_o the_o curse_n begin_v in_o every_o of_o the_o charter_n with_o these_o word_n si_fw-la quis_fw-la autem_fw-la etc._n etc._n 〈…〉_z nine_o and_o last_o touch_v expedition_n and_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n which_o the_o saxon_n call_v burghbote_n and_o brugbote_n though_o the_o two_o first_o of_o they_o be_v whole_o military_a and_o the_o last_o serve_v as_o well_o for_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o king_n army_n as_o for_o the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o his_o people_n yet_o be_v none_o of_o they_o either_o mark_n of_o tenure_n or_o of_o feodal_n service_n as_o appear_z by_o that_o we_o have_v former_o show_v and_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o these_o charter_n where_o to_o use_v the_o word_n of_o edw_n the_o confessor_n in_o that_o to_o thola_n it_o be_v say_v that_o they_o be_v omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la communia_fw-la a_o common_a burden_n to_o all_o man_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o safety_n and_o sacred_a anchor_n both_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n the_o saxon_n therefore_o do_v not_o call_v they_o service_n or_o feodal_n duty_n as_o thing_n that_o lay_v upon_o the_o person_n of_o the_o owner_n but_o landirecta_fw-la right_n that_o charge_v the_o very_a land_n whosoever_o do_v possess_v it_o church_n or_o lay_n man_n and_o these_o duty_n be_v ordinary_o except_v in_o every_o charter_n not_o for_o that_o they_o shall_v otherwise_o be_v extinguish_v but_o per_fw-la superabundantem_fw-la cautelam_fw-la lest_o the_o general_a word_n precedent_n shall_v be_v mistake_v to_o involve_v they_o and_o to_o release_v that_o which_o the_o king_n can_v not_o release_v for_o though_o ethelbald_a by_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o croyland_n 852._o do_v give_v the_o site_n of_o that_o monastery_n with_o the_o appendancy_n etc._n etc._n libera_fw-la &_o soluta_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la onere_fw-la seculari_fw-la in_o perpetuam_fw-la elâ—emosynam_fw-la yet_o in_o his_o charter_n of_o privilege_n grant_v to_o all_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o his_o kingdom_n speak_v of_o the_o repair_n of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n he_o confess_v and_o say_v that_o nulli_fw-la unquam_fw-la relaxari_fw-la possunt_fw-la and_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o word_n expedition_n be_v here_o omit_v by_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o scribe_n for_o i_o never_o find_v it_o sever_v from_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n in_o any_o other_o charter_n and_o also_o though_o king_n ethelwulf_n by_o his_o memorable_a charter_n of_o privilege_n ratify_v by_o the_o great_a council_n of_o winchester_n in_o the_o year_n 855._o do_v by_o express_a word_n free_a sanctam_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la that_o be_v all_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o his_o kingdom_n ab_fw-la expeditione_n &_o pontis_fw-la extructione_fw-la &_o arcis_fw-la munitione_n al._n yet_o the_o whole_a clergy_n about_o the_o year_n 868._o do_v notwithstanding_o voluntary_o assist_v his_o son_n beorredus_n against_o the_o dane_n with_o all_o the_o power_n they_o can_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o same_o beorredus_n chap._n xi_o more_o touch_v the_o freedom_n of_o thaneland_n out_o of_o doomsday_n owner_n though_o that_o which_o be_v deliver_v in_o these_o charter_n be_v authentical_a and_o need_v no_o far_o proof_n yet_o to_o convince_v broad_a spread_a error_n the_o more_o manifest_o it_o will_v not_o be_v unnecessary_a to_o show_v what_o doomsday_n itself_o relate_v to_o confirm_v it_o for_o whereas_o land_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o knights-service_n can_v not_o otherwise_o be_v dispose_v than_o by_o licence_n of_o the_o king_n or_o superior_a lord_n doomsday_n show_v that_o the_o thaneland_n may_v be_v use_v and_o dispose_v at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o owner_n without_o impeachment_n
of_o any_o other_o for_o at_o ebsa_n in_o suthry_n under_o the_o title_n of_o ric._n fill_v comitis_fw-la gisleberti_fw-la it_o say_v hanc_fw-la terram_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la novem_fw-la teigni_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la ea_fw-la poterant_fw-la vtere_fw-la quo_fw-la volebant_fw-la plain_a latin_a but_o the_o sense_n be_v that_o nine_o thanes_z hold_v this_o land_n of_o ebsam_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o may_v do_v with_o it_o what_o they_o will_v so_o at_o est-burnham_n in_o buckinghamshire_n under_o the_o title_n of_o milo_n crispin_n duo_o teigni_fw-la homines_fw-la brictrici_fw-la hanc_fw-la terram_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la &_o vendere_fw-la potuere_fw-la and_o here_o it_o seem_v that_o these_o thanes_z be_v not_o the_o king_n thanes_z but_o of_o the_o lesser_a sort_n for_o that_o he_o call_v they_o homines_fw-la brictrici_fw-la so_o in_o the_o same_o shire_n under_o the_o title_n of_o s._n petr._n westmon_n it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o same_o town_n of_o est-burnham_n hoc_fw-la manerium_fw-la tres_fw-la treigni_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la &_o vendere_fw-la potuerunt_fw-la rent_n it_o there_o also_o appear_v that_o the_o thaneland_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o a_o rent_n issue_v out_o of_o it_o for_o it_o immediate_o follow_v &_o tamen_fw-la ipsi_fw-la tres_fw-la reddiderunt_fw-la quinque_fw-la oras_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la and_o it_o may_v be_v restrain_v from_o alienation_n as_o where_o it_o be_v say_v in_o doomsday_n de_fw-fr ea_fw-la viz._n lega_fw-la pelton_n sunt_fw-la in_fw-la dominio_fw-la dvae_fw-la hidae_fw-la una_fw-la ex_fw-la hiis_fw-la fuit_fw-la tainland_n non_fw-la tamen_fw-la poterat_fw-la ab_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la separari_fw-la where_o the_o word_n tamen_fw-la imply_v that_o although_o thaneland_n may_v otherwise_o be_v alienate_v yet_o this_o particular_o can_v not_o so_o likewise_o may_v it_o be_v entail_v upon_o a_o family_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o law_n of_o alured_n cap._n 37._o but_o thus_o doomsday_n after_o the_o conquest_n affirm_v the_o same_o that_o the_o charter_n do_v before_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o word_n both_o in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o which_o show_v that_o the_o thane_n may_v sell_v or_o use_v this_o land_n as_o he_o will_v do_v imply_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n independent_a of_o any_o lord_n either_o feodal_n or_o superior_a and_o be_v as_o even_o the_o alodium_n mention_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o thanes_z but_o whether_o it_o be_v descendable_a only_o upon_o the_o elder_a son_n or_o dividable_a between_o all_o the_o son_n as_o in_o gavelkind_n i_o can_v say_v but_o the_o formula_fw-la of_o alodium_fw-la join_v with_o marculfus_n do_v divide_v it_o between_o they_o all_o chap._n xii_o the_o fruit_n of_o feodal_n tenor_n and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o sound_v among_o the_o saxon_n or_o not_o after_o our_o manner_n hitherto_o we_o have_v seek_v our_o tenor_n among_o the_o saxon_n and_o have_v not_o find_v they_o though_o the_o report_n 35._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o they_o be_v frequent_a and_o 36._o common_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n we_o will_v now_o follow_v the_o direction_n of_o our_o saviour_n 33._o and_o see_v if_o by_o the_o fruit_n we_o can_v find_v the_o tree_n the_o report_n say_v 33._o by_o question_n and_o answer_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o tenure_n viz._n in_o capite_fw-la and_o knights-service_n what_o be_v they_o but_o the_o 1_o profit_v of_o the_o land_n 2_o wardship_n 3_o livery_n 4_o premier_n seisin_n 5_o relief_n mistake_v to_o be_v a_o heriot_n 6_o fine_a for_o alienation_n and_o the_o rest_n which_o rest_v it_o 37._o supply_v short_o after_o to_o be_v 7_o homage_n 8_o fealty_n 9_o escuage_z add_v again_o relief_n and_o wardship_n instead_o whereof_o i_o out_o of_o a_o three_o passage_n 33._o do_v place_n 10_o escheat_n and_o it_o conclude_v 37._o that_o as_o all_o these_o tenor_n be_v common_a in_o those_o time_n so_o be_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o etc._n etc._n which_o if_o it_o be_v true_a the_o question_n be_v determine_v nay_o i_o yield_v it_o if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o agree_v direct_o with_o our_o tenor_n be_v find_v among_o they_o some_o show_n of_o fealty_n and_o licence_n to_o alien_a land_n grant_v for_o a_o certain_a time_n only_o except_v for_o avoid_v captious_a disputation_n their_o very_a name_n pretend_v no_o saxon_a antiquity_n but_o as_o the_o ephramite_n bewray_v their_o tribe_n by_o their_o language_n so_o by_o their_o name_n these_o fruit_n discover_v themselves_o to_o be_v of_o norman_a progeny_n and_o the_o report_n do_v not_o give_v we_o one_o instance_n or_o example_n of_o any_o of_o they_o in_o all_o the_o saxon_a time_n if_o it_o do_v the_o word_n before_o mention_v in_o the_o charter_n to_o the_o thanes_z declare_v that_o their_o land_n must_v be_v libera_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la seculari_fw-la gravedine_fw-la etc._n etc._n sweep_v all_o away_o at_o once_o as_o the_o west-wind_n do_v the_o grasshopper_n in_o egypt_n and_o do_v make_v the_o thaneland_n to_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o alodium_n here_o before_o mention_v to_o belong_v unto_o they_o that_o be_v to_o be_v free_a from_o all_o tenure_n and_o service_n it_o be_v true_a notwithstanding_o that_o both_o the_o great_a and_o lesser-thanes_a may_v have_v and_o have_v other_o land_n beside_o these_o that_o be_v hereditary_a of_o feudal_a nature_n and_o hold_v by_o military_a service_n as_o in_o the_o charter_n of_o oswald_n the_o bishop_n shall_v after_o appear_v but_o they_o hold_v they_o like_o folcland_n only_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n whether_o king_n or_o other_o or_o for_o certain_a year_n or_o at_o most_o for_o life_n or_o life_n their_o tenure_n and_o feud_n determine_v with_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o term_n of_o year_n or_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o then_o can_v not_o any_o of_o the_o fruit_n before_o speak_v of_o accrue_v unto_o the_o lord_n that_o grant_v the_o land_n for_o that_o it_o forthwith_o revert_v entire_o into_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v and_o dispose_v anew_o as_o please_v he_o it_o be_v apparent_a therefore_o by_o this_o general_a demonstration_n that_o the_o fruit_n we_o speak_v of_o can_v not_o arise_v out_o of_o either_o of_o the_o thaneland_n be_v they_o temporary_a or_o hereditary_a if_o not_o haply_o fealty_n or_o some_o gratuity_n to_o the_o lord_n for_o licence_n that_o the_o temporary_a tenant_n may_v assign_v his_o interest_n or_o have_v it_o enlarge_v thing_n proper_a as_o well_o to_o socage_n and_o folcland_n as_o to_o feudal_n but_o let_v we_o examine_v all_o these_o fruit_n particular_o and_o see_v whether_o and_o how_o we_o find_v any_o of_o they_o among_o the_o saxon_n and_o give_v i_o leave_v herein_o to_o produce_v they_o in_o such_o order_n though_o not_o logical_a as_o the_o report_n present_v they_o to_o the_o reader_n in_o their_o several_a place_n chap._n xiii_o no_o profit_n of_o land_n by_o wardship_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n wardship_n as_o for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n which_o the_o king_n have_v now_o during_o the_o minority_n of_o a_o ward_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o king_n than_o have_v no_o such_o of_o the_o thaneland_n for_o that_o the_o thane_n have_v this_o particular_a privilege_n that_o when_o he_o die_v he_o may_v make_v his_o will_n of_o his_o own_o land_n as_o it_o former_o appear_v and_o 8._o give_v they_o unto_o who_o he_o will_v which_o be_v never_o lawful_a after_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n for_o any_o baron_n or_o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n to_o do_v till_o the_o statute_n 32._o hen._n viii_o cap._n 1._o give_v free_a liberty_n to_o all_o man_n to_o devise_v all_o socage-land_n by_o their_o last_o will_n in_o writing_n and_o no_o more_o than_o two_o part_n only_o of_o land_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight-service_n lest_o it_o shall_v hinder_v the_o lord_n too_o much_o of_o their_o feodal_n profit_n and_o socage-land_n be_v therefore_o long_o before_o devisable_v in_o many_o burrough_n for_o that_o thereby_o the_o lord_n sustain_v no_o such_o prejudice_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o point_n in_o one_o word_n it_o shall_v i_o hope_v be_v make_v manifest_a in_o the_o next_o chapter_n that_o there_o be_v no_o wardship_n among_o the_o saxon_n and_o thereupon_o it_o will_v follow_v invincible_o there_o can_v be_v then_o no_o profit_n of_o land_n arise_v to_o the_o king_n or_o lord_n by_o title_n of_o wardship_n chap._n fourteen_o no_o wardship_n in_o england_n among_o the_o saxon_n objection_n answer_v in_o follow_v the_o report_n i_o must_v now_o speak_v de_fw-la causa_fw-la post_fw-la causatum_fw-la of_o wardship_n after_o the_o profit_n of_o land_n grow_v by_o it_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a fruit_n of_o all_o feodal_a servitude_n and_o the_o root_n from_o whence_o many_o branch_n of_o like_a grievance_n take_v their_o original_n the_o report_n labour_v more_o to_o prove_v it_o to_o
have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o our_o saxon_n than_o it_o do_v in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o they_o and_o enforce_v i_o thereby_o to_o the_o great_a labour_n in_o examine_v it_o and_o discover_v the_o contrary_a wardship_n touch_v the_o name_n wardship_n i_o confess_v it_o carry_v a_o saxon_a sound_n but_o from_o norman_a godfather_n with_o who_o gardiner_n signify_v the_o same_o that_o ward_n do_v with_o we_o and_o they_o bring_v this_o custom_n into_o england_n our_o english_a ancestor_n as_o in_o a_o multitude_n of_o other_o word_n change_v the_o norman_a g._n into_o a_o w._n and_o so_o make_v ward_n for_o guard_n and_o thereof_o wardship_n for_o gardship_n yet_o to_o this_o day_n we_o call_v he_o that_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o ward_n after_o the_o norman_a manner_n his_o guardian_n not_o his_o warden_n but_o i_o find_v neither_o ward_n wardship_n nor_o warden_n in_o this_o sense_n in_o any_o saxon_a law_n charter_n or_o manuscript_n or_o any_o thing_n conduce_v to_o such_o signification_n the_o proof_n be_v in_o the_o affirmative_a lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n yet_o do_v not_o the_o report_n produce_v one_o single_a case_n text_n or_o precedent_n to_o maintain_v their_o assertion_n but_o like_o pythagoras_n scholar_n rest_v whole_o upon_o ipse_fw-la dixit_fw-la such_o and_o such_o have_v say_v it_o and_o i_o be_o now_o turn_v over_o to_o those_o author_n judgement_n they_o have_v choose_v a_o right_a good_a foreman_n 1_o confess_z mr._n selden_n of_o who_o i_o say_v as_o she_o in_o ovid_n nomine_fw-la in_o hectoreo_fw-la pallida_fw-la semper_fw-la eram_fw-la but_o let_v we_o hear_v what_o he_o affirm_v according_a as_o the_o report_n conceive_v he_o where_o the_o word_n be_v thus_o 160._o that_o wardship_n be_v then_o viz._n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n in_o use_n and_o not_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_n as_o mr._n cambden_n in_o his_o britt_n 179._o nor_o by_o henry_n iii_o as_o randolph_n hygden_n etc._n etc._n will_v persuade_v vid._n selden_n note_n to_o fortâ—scue_n 51._o the_o report_n say_v vide_fw-la and_o i_o say_v audi_fw-la mr._n selden_n to_o confute_v this_o opinion_n attribute_v to_o rand._n hygden_n use_v these_o word_n neither_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o wardship_n so_o new_a as_o r._n hygden_n in_o his_o polycronicon_fw-la or_o rather_o some_o other_o not_o understand_v he_o ignorant_o make_v it_o by_o suppose_v the_o beginning_n of_o it_o here_o under_o hen._n iii_o clear_o wardship_n be_v before_o or_o from_o the_o norman_n at_o least_o thus_o mr._n selden_n there_o may_v be_v some_o amphiboly_n in_o the_o word_n before_o as_o doubtful_a whether_o it_o shall_v relate_v to_o the_o norman_n or_o to_o hen._n iii_o but_o the_o occasion_n of_o his_o speech_n be_v to_o confute_v the_o opinion_n of_o they_o that_o do_v attribute_v the_o beginning_n of_o wardship_n to_o hen._n iii_o say_v that_o clear_o they_o be_v before_o and_o though_o he_o determine_v not_o how_o long_o before_o yet_o he_o conclude_v that_o from_o the_o norman_n at_o least_o cite_v glanvill_n to_o show_v they_o be_v in_o use_n in_o hen._n ii_n time_n and_o the_o grand_a custumer_n of_o normandy_n to_o fetch_v they_o high_o than_o so_o from_o the_o norman_n who_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o berhault_n that_o write_v the_o commentary_n to_o that_o custumary_n do_v first_o bring_v they_o into_o england_n mr._n selden_n god_n be_v thank_v be_v live_v to_o explain_v himself_o and_o i_o find_v by_o chance_n where_o he_o have_v do_v it_o full_o his_o word_n in_o the_o title_n of_o honour_n be_v thus_o 301._o these_o kind_n of_o military_a fiess_n or_o fee_n as_o we_o now_o have_v be_v not_o till_o the_o norman_n with_o who_o the_o custom_n of_o wardship_n in_o chivalry_n they_o begin_v not_o under_o hen._n iii_o as_o most_o ignorant_o r._n hygden_n the_o monk_n of_o chester_n and_o polydore_n tell_v you_o come_v into_o england_n and_o speak_v by_o and_o by_o of_o malcolm_n second_o king_n of_o scotland_n who_o die_v about_o twenty_o two_o year_n before_o the_o conquest_n he_o say_v but_o in_o this_o malcolme_n time_n wardship_n be_v not_o at_o all_o in_o england_n thus_o mr._n selden_n who_o they_o so_o often_o press_v against_o i_o out_o of_o ambiguous_a place_n be_v clear_o with_o i_o opinion_n their_o next_o authority_n to_o prove_v wardship_n to_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n be_v say_v the_o report_n that_o among_o the_o privilege_n grant_v by_o edw._n the_o confessor_n to_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n we_o meet_v with_o this_o that_o their_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v in_o ward_n for_o this_o they_o cite_v lambard_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n p._n 101._o but_o i_o demand_v oyer_n of_o the_o record_n and_o i_o very_o persuade_v myself_o nul_fw-fr tiel_n record_v nor_o in_o truth_n have_v lambard_n aver_v that_o there_o be_v lambard_n 124._o word_n be_v these_o the_o privilege_n of_o these_o port_n be_v first_o grant_v by_o edw._n the_o confessor_n and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o then_o confirm_v and_o increase_v by_o william_n rufus_n hen._n ii_o rich._n i._o hen._n iii_o and_o king_n edw._n the_o first_o be_v great_a etc._n etc._n and_o in_o recite_v some_o of_o these_o privilege_n he_o tell_v we_o among_o the_o rest_n that_o they_o themselves_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n be_v exempt_v from_o all_o payment_n of_o subsidy_n and_o their_o heir_n free_v from_o wardship_n of_o body_n notwithstanding_o any_o tenure_n he_o do_v not_o say_v that_o this_o be_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n but_o that_o it_o be_v among_o the_o privilege_n grant_v by_o he_o and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o then_o confirm_v and_o increase_v by_o the_o succeed_a king_n doubtless_o the_o word_n subsidy_n here_o mention_v in_o this_o sense_n be_v not_o in_o use_n either_o in_o the_o confessor_n or_o conqueror_n time_n nor_o in_o many_o year_n after_o till_o tax_n aid_n and_o tallage_n be_v grudge_v at_o and_o restrain_v i_o be_o therefore_o confident_a that_o this_o come_v in_o among_o the_o increase_a privilege_n afterward_o and_o it_o appear_v that_o mr._n lambard_n be_v not_o persuade_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o charter_n of_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o therefore_o wave_v it_o seek_v the_o original_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n no_o further_o than_o the_o conqueror_n why_o then_o do_v we_o father_n this_o upon_o the_o confessor_n especial_o see_v the_o charter_n of_o 1156._o anno_fw-la 6._o edw._n i._n wherein_o all_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o precedent_a king_n seem_v to_o be_v mention_v that_o of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n be_v not_o speak_v of_o charta_fw-la the_o three_o assertion_n be_v that_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o kent_n 37_o which_o be_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o tottil_n edition_n and_o in_o lambard_n perambulation_n there_o be_v a_o rule_n for_o the_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o gavelkind_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v marry_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o those_o custom_n say_v of_o themselves_o that_o they_o be_v devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n e_fw-it en_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n the_o word_n in_o lambard_n be_v devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n e_fw-it en_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n e_fw-it toutes_fw-fr hour_n ieske_n en_fw-fr ca._n that_o be_v before_o the_o conquest_n and_o at_o the_o conquest_n and_o ever_o since_o till_o now_o which_o word_n now_o relate_v to_o the_o 2d_o of_o edw._n i._n there_o immediate_o before_o mention_v and_o to_o save_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o author_n must_v be_v favourable_o understand_v to_o be_v mean_v of_o such_o custom_n as_o be_v in_o use_n either_o before_o the_o conquest_n or_o at_o the_o conquest_n or_o at_o any_o time_n since_o in_o the_o disjunctive_a not_o in_o the_o aggregative_a for_o if_o it_o be_v take_v conjunctive_o then_o be_v it_o notorious_o false_a for_o some_o thing_n mention_v in_o it_o have_v their_o original_n under_o hen._n ii_o as_o the_o grand_a assize_n and_o justice_n of_o eyer_n 571._o whereof_o that_o of_o eyer_n be_v not_o institute_v till_o the_o council_n or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o of_o nottingham_n an._n dom._n 1176._o viz._n in_o the_o 22._o or_o 23._o of_o hen._n ii_o and_o for_o that_o of_o the_o grand_a assize_n it_o be_v express_o say_v in_o the_o custom_n that_o it_o be_v grant_v they_o by_o hen._n iii_o 584._o many_o other_o thing_n there_o be_v as_o the_o office_n of_o the_o crowner_n the_o manner_n of_o essoyn_v write_v of_o cessavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v never_o hear_v of_o before_o the_o conquest_n but_o if_o you_o mark_v it_o the_o word_n in_o question_n viz._n devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n etc._n etc._n stand_v in_o lambard_n at_o a_o little_a more_o distance_n than_o the_o line_n precedent_n as_o if_o himself_o conceive_v they_o not_o to_o belong_v unto_o the_o
by_o the_o saxon_n it_o cast_v anchor_n chief_o on_o relief_n as_o a_o thing_n most_o evident_a and_o unanswerable_a the_o rest_n save_o wardship_n it_o scarce_o fortify_v with_o a_o breath_n beside_o the_o bare_a assertion_n this_o it_o say_v be_v common_a and_o in_o pursuit_n thereof_o 37._o add_v these_o word_n for_o relief_n we_o have_v full_a testimony_n in_o the_o relief_n of_o their_o earl_n and_o thanes_z for_o which_o see_v the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n cap._n 68_o and_o 69._o the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n cap._n de_fw-fr heretochiis_fw-la and_o what_o out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n coke_n have_v in_o his_o instit_n sect._n 103._o camden_n in_o berkshire_n selden_n in_o eadmer_n 154._o great_a authority_n secumque_fw-la deos_fw-la in_o praelia_fw-la ducunt_fw-la we_o must_v not_o meddle_v with_o they_o all_o at_o once_o let_v we_o try_v they_o single_o the_o law_n cite_v out_o of_o canutus_n be_v in_o these_o word_n and_o beon_o ða_fw-la heregeata_fw-la let_v the_o heriot_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v after_o the_o death_n of_o great_a man_n be_v according_a to_o their_o dignity_n a_o earl_n eight_o horse_n four_o saddle_v and_o four_o unsaddle_v four_o helmet_n four_o corslet_n eight_o spear_n and_o as_o many_o shield_n four_o sword_n and_o two_o hundred_o mark_n of_o gold_n the_o heriot_n of_o a_o thane_n next_o to_o the_o king_n four_o horse_n two_o saddle_v and_o two_o unsaddle_v two_o sword_n four_o spear_n four_o shield_n one_o helmet_n one_o corslet_n and_o fifty_o mark_n of_o the_o inferior_a or_o middling_a thane_n a_o horse_n furnish_v and_o his_o weapon_n etc._n etc._n mediocris_fw-la and_o he_o that_o less_o have_v and_o less_o may_v let_v his_o heriot_n be_v two_o pound_n here_o be_v speech_n indeed_o of_o a_o heriot_n but_o none_o of_o relief_n i_o shall_v anon_o show_v the_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o then_o have_v this_o law_n nothing_o against_o i_o touch_v the_o law_n allege_v to_o be_v edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o word_n be_v these_o qui_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la ante_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la sit_fw-la hoc_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la sit_fw-la alibi_fw-la sint_fw-la ei_fw-la relevationes_fw-la condonatae_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o i_o confess_v be_v mention_n of_o relief_n but_o i_o deny_v this_o to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v true_a that_o it_o be_v publish_v by_o lambard_n among_o his_o receive_a law_n but_o if_o you_o mark_v it_o in_o a_o differ_a letter_n as_o note_v it_o to_o be_v a_o addition_n in_o a_o ancient_a ms._n therefore_o which_o i_o have_v of_o those_o law_n it_o be_v not_o sound_a nor_o in_o the_o print_a copy_n of_o roger_n hoveden_n who_o write_v till_o the_o three_o year_n of_o king_n john_n that_o be_v 134._o year_n after_o the_o confessor_n time_n with_o reverence_n therefore_o be_v it_o speak_v it_o be_v mistake_v both_o in_o the_o report_n and_o by_o my_o ld._n coke_n himself_o who_o it_o follow_v if_o they_o say_v that_o these_o word_n be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n yea_o the_o text_n itself_o make_v ....._o of_o william_n the_o young_a call_v rufus_n but_o to_o conceal_v no_o truth_n it_o be_v deliver_v by_o jornalensis_n monachus_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n as_o a_o law_n of_o a_o elder_a king_n among_o we_o than_o the_o confessor_n namely_o of_o canutus_n our_o danish_a king_n who_o in_o the_o 157._o chap._n of_o his_o law_n speak_v of_o one_o slay_v in_o battle_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o lord_n say_v express_o sint_fw-la ei_fw-la relevationes_fw-la condonatae_fw-la now_o the_o game_n seem_v to_o be_v win_v but_o stay_v a_o while_n and_o remember_v what_o i_o say_v before_o of_o the_o translation_n of_o our_o saxon_a law_n and_o charter_n into_o latin_n the_o saxon_n and_o the_o dane_n who_o language_n and_o law_n differ_v little_a in_o those_o day_n write_v their_o law_n only_o in_o their_o own_o tongue_n and_o the_o translate_n of_o they_o have_v beget_v much_o variety_n and_o many_o controversy_n we_o must_v therefore_o resort_v to_o the_o original_a saxon_a where_o this_o passage_n be_v in_o the_o 75_o the_o chap._n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o his_o law_n in_o these_o word_n &_o see_v man_n ðe_fw-la aet_fw-la ðam_fw-la syâ—dung_n toforan_n his_o hlaâ—ord_n bealle_n sy_a hit_v innan_n land_n sy_a hit_n of_o land_n beon_fw-mi herogeata_fw-la forgyfene_fw-la which_o be_v thus_o verbatim_o the_o man_n that_o in_o a_o military_a voyage_n be_v slay_v before_o or_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o lord_n be_v it_o upon_o land_n or_o off_o of_o land_n let_v the_o heriot_n be_v forgive_v he_o he_o say_v not_o let_v the_o releif_n but_o let_v the_o heriot_n be_v forgive_v he_o and_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o this_o may_v be_v one_o of_o the_o danish_a law_n which_o edward_n the_o confessor_n take_v out_o of_o canutus_n law_n when_o he_o compose_v the_o common_a law_n out_o of_o the_o west_n saxon_a law_n mercian_n law_n and_o dane_n law_n if_o the_o copy_n of_o they_o be_v extant_a and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n or_o one_o of_o his_o son_n do_v turn_v that_o law_n of_o heriot_n into_o this_o of_o relief_n for_o that_o which_o my_o lord_n coke_n have_v out_o of_o doomsday_n be_v the_o same_o which_o mr._n cambden_n have_v in_o berkshire_n touch_v all_o that_o county_n ut_fw-la tainus_n vel_fw-la miles_n regis_fw-la dominicus_n moriens_fw-la pro_fw-la releviamento_fw-la dimittebat_fw-la regi_fw-la omne_fw-la arma_fw-la sua_fw-la &_o equum_fw-la unum_fw-la cum_fw-la sella_fw-la &_o alium_fw-la sine_fw-la sella_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la essent_fw-la cane_n vel_fw-la accipitres_fw-la praestabantur_fw-la releviamentum_fw-la regi_fw-la ut_fw-la sivellet_fw-la acciperet_fw-la here_o be_v releviamentum_fw-la use_v in_o the_o conquerour_n time_n which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o our_o question_n be_v of_o it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n that_o also_o cite_v by_o and_o out_o of_o mr._n selden_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o one_o answer_n therefore_o serve_v to_o all_o the_o three_o yet_o by_o way_n of_o corollary_n i_o shall_v anon_o discover_v another_o error_n of_o this_o sort_n rise_v even_o from_o doomsday_n itself_o and_o the_o norman_n possess_v this_o kingdom_n of_o the_o saxon_n but_o not_o well_o instruct_v in_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v chap._n xviii_o difference_n between_o heriot_n and_o relief_n relief_n heriot_n be_v usual_a among_o the_o latter_a saxon_n relief_n among_o the_o elder_n norman_n before_o their_o come_n into_o england_n this_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o other_o nation_n that_o ordain_v by_o ludovicus_n al._n clodoveus_n king_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n 511._o to_o tame_a the_o almain_n who_o he_o then_o have_v bring_v to_o servitude_n i_o find_v it_o not_o in_o england_n till_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o first_o law_n which_o i_o find_v that_o mention_v it_o be_v those_o of_o canutus_n before_o mention_v who_o perhaps_o for_o the_o assurance_n of_o his_o throne_n use_v this_o politic_a device_n to_o have_v all_o the_o armour_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o his_o disposition_n in_o this_o manner_n when_o he_o have_v dismiss_v his_o danish_a army_n but_o it_o fall_v so_o out_o as_o the_o heriot_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v at_o or_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o old_a tenant_n and_o the_o relief_n at_o or_o before_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o new_a the_o norman_n in_o this_o do_v like_o our_o ancestor_n the_o saxon_n who_o because_o our_o christian_n pascha_fw-la or_o passover_n fall_v out_o yearly_a to_o be_v celebrate_v about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o feast_n of_o their_o idol_n easter_n call_v our_o passover_n by_o the_o name_n of_o their_o easter_n so_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v conceive_v the_o saxon_a heriot_n to_o be_v the_o same_o that_o their_o norman_a relief_n be_v and_o therefore_o translate_v the_o word_n heriot_n by_o releviamentum_fw-la or_o relevium_fw-la and_o raise_v the_o form_n of_o their_o feudal_n law_n in_o england_n draw_v the_o saxon_a custom_n to_o cohere_v therewith_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v but_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n between_o heriot_n and_o relief_n for_o heriot_n be_v militiae_fw-la apparatus_n which_o the_o word_n signify_v and_o devise_v as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o keep_v the_o conquer_a nation_n in_o subjection_n and_o to_o support_v the_o public_a strength_n and_o military_a furniture_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o relief_n for_o the_o private_a commodity_n of_o the_o lord_n that_o he_o may_v not_o have_v inutilem_fw-la proprietatem_fw-la in_o the_o seignory_n the_o heriots_n be_v therefore_o proper_o pay_v in_o habiliment_n of_o war_n the_o relief_n usual_o in_o money_n the_o heriot_n for_o the_o tenant_n that_o die_v and_o out_o of_o his_o good_n â—_o the_o relief_n for_o the_o tenant_n
that_o succeed_v and_o out_o of_o his_o purse_n the_o heriot_n whether_o the_o son_n or_o heir_n enjoy_v the_o land_n or_o not_o the_o relief_n by_o none_o but_o he_o only_o that_o obtain_v the_o land_n in_o succession_n the_o heriot_n whether_o the_o land_n be_v fall_v into_o the_o lord_n hand_n or_o not_o the_o relief_n in_o old_a time_n not_o unless_o it_o be_v fall_v and_o lie_v destitute_a of_o a_o tenant_n who_o take_v of_o it_o up_o out_o of_o the_o lord_n hand_n be_v in_o that_o sense_n call_v relevium_fw-la or_o relevatio_fw-la a_o take_v up_o of_o that_o be_v fall_v according_a to_o the_o french_a word_n relief_n 1._o bracton_n well_o observe_v the_o difference_n say_v fit_a quaedam_fw-la praestatio_fw-la quae_fw-la non_fw-la dicitur_fw-la relevium_fw-la sed_fw-la quasi_fw-la sicut_fw-la heriotum_fw-la quasi_fw-la loco_fw-la relevii_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la dari_fw-la debet_fw-la aliquando_fw-la ante_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la fidelitatis_fw-la aliquando_fw-la post_fw-la hotoman_n feudal_n say_v relevium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la honorarium_fw-la munus_fw-la quod_fw-la novus_fw-la vassallus_fw-la patrono_fw-la introitus_fw-la causa_fw-la largitur_fw-la quasi_fw-la morte_fw-la alterius_fw-la vassalli_n vel_fw-la alio_fw-la quo_fw-la casu_fw-la feudum_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la quod_fw-la jam_fw-la à _fw-la novo_fw-la sublevetur_fw-la nou._n leo._n 13._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nominat_fw-la i_o stand_v the_o long_o herein_o for_o that_o not_o only_o the_o report_n but_o even_a doomsday_n itself_o and_o general_o all_o the_o ancient_a monkish_a writer_n have_v confound_v heriot_n and_o releif_n yet_o may_v i_o have_v save_v all_o this_o labour_n for_o nothing_o can_v make_v the_o difference_n more_o manifest_a than_o that_o we_o often_o see_v both_o of_o they_o be_v together_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o same_o land_n but_o when_o all_o be_v do_v neither_o be_v heriot_n nor_o releif_n any_o badge_n of_o land_n hold_v by_o knight's-service_n or_o in_o capite_fw-la for_o both_o of_o they_o be_v find_v in_o land_n of_o ordinary_a socage_n yet_o i_o confess_v that_o bracton_n say_v 8._o de_fw-fr soccagio_fw-it non_fw-it datur_fw-la relevium_fw-la and_o a_o little_a before_o de_fw-fr soccagio_fw-it non_fw-it competit_fw-la domino_fw-la capitali_fw-la custodia_fw-la nec_fw-la homagium_fw-la &_o ubi_fw-la nulla_fw-la custodia_fw-la nullum_fw-la relevium_fw-la sed_fw-la è_fw-la contra_fw-la but_o this_o serve_v my_o turn_n very_o well_o for_o that_o they_o in_o the_o report_n have_v fail_v to_o prove_v that_o releif_n be_v in_o use_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n whereof_o they_o affirm_v they_o have_v full_a testimony_n it_o now_o infer_v on_o my_o behalf_n that_o if_o releif_n and_o wardship_n be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n that_o then_o also_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n be_v not_o with_o they_o beside_o all_o this_o the_o heriot_n be_v a_o certain_a duty_n and_o settle_v by_o law_n the_o relief_n so_o various_a and_o uncertain_a as_o the_o lord_n exact_v what_o they_o list_v for_o it_o when_o it_o fall_v into_o their_o hand_n constrain_a the_o heir_n of_o the_o tenant_n as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o new_a purchase_n of_o their_o feud_n whereupon_o the_o feudist_n call_v this_o relief_n not_o only_a renovatio_n and_o restauratio_fw-la feudi_fw-la in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d turn_v or_o bring_v back_o of_o the_o feud_n to_o the_o former_a condition_n or_o proper_a nature_n of_o it_o but_o also_o redemptio_fw-la a_o ransome_v of_o it_o out_o of_o the_o lord_n hand_n that_o it_o thus_o stand_v with_o we_o in_o england_n by_o and_o by_o after_o the_o conquest_n appear_v by_o that_o we_o have_v show_v before_o out_o of_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o henry_n 1_n chap._n xix_o no_o fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n alienation_n touch_v fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n it_o be_v not_o say_v what_o kind_n of_o tenant_n among_o the_o saxon_n do_v pay_v they_o nor_o for_o what_o kind_n of_o land_n they_o be_v pay_v the_o thaneland_n hereditary_a be_v apparent_o discharge_v thereof_o by_o the_o ordinary_a word_n of_o their_o charter_n before_o mention_v where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o owner_n of_o land_n may_v give_v and_o bequeath_v they_o cuicunque_fw-la voluerint_fw-la and_o that_o free_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la munduali_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la doomsday_n also_o as_o we_o here_o show_v do_v testify_v as_o much_o and_o so_o do_v the_o very_a word_n alodium_n which_o the_o ancient_a author_n attribute_n to_o these_o land_n so_o that_o the_o thaneland_n doubtless_o be_v free_a both_o from_o the_o fine_a and_o licence_n folcland_n but_o as_o touch_v folcland_n and_o land_n hold_v at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n though_o continue_v in_o ancient_a time_n to_o their_o child_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o copy-holds_a it_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o they_o may_v both_o have_v licence_n for_o alien_v such_o land_n and_o also_o pay_v consideration_n for_o it_o as_o our_o copy-holders_n do_v at_o this_o day_n i_o find_v mâ—pham_n that_o one_o brictrick_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n etheldred_n about_o the_o year_n 984._o bequeath_v legacy_n of_o good_a value_n unto_o his_o lord_n wife_n to_o entreat_v her_o husband_n that_o this_o brictrick_n will_n whereby_o he_o have_v devise_v many_o land_n and_o good_n to_o monastery_n and_o divers_a man_n may_v stand_v and_o that_o thola_n the_o widow_n of_o irk_v a_o thane_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n obtain_v licence_n from_o the_o same_o king_n edward_n that_o she_o may_v devise_v both_o her_o land_n and_o good_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o abbotsbury_n but_o of_o what_o nature_n these_o licence_n be_v whether_o to_o alienate_v the_o land_n or_o to_o make_v a_o will_n or_o to_o give_v the_o land_n to_o monastery_n as_o in_o mortmain_n i_o can_v determine_v if_o they_o only_o intend_v alienation_n than_o i_o understand_v they_o only_o of_o land_n hold_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o time_n at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o folcland_n yet_o in_o that_o thola_n licence_n be_v as_o well_o to_o bequeath_v her_o good_n express_o as_o her_o land_n the_o licence_n seem_v to_o be_v give_v therefore_o to_o make_v a_o will_n which_o no_o man_n then_o can_v do_v if_o not_o a_o thane_n quaere_fw-la but_o howsoever_o it_o be_v expound_v it_o must_v not_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o thaneland_n or_o land_n hereditary_a for_o the_o reason_n before_o allege_a and_o as_o touch_v fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n after_o our_o manner_n which_o the_o report_n suggest_v they_o can_v not_o doubtless_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n for_o there_o be_v not_o find_v as_o i_o suppose_v here_o among_o we_o before_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n i._o and_o not_o establish_v afterward_o till_o 1._o edw._n iii_o where_o the_o king_n grant_v that_o from_o thenceforth_o land_n hold_v in_o chief_a shall_v not_o be_v seize_v as_o forfeit_v which_o former_o they_o be_v for_o alienation_n without_o licence_n but_o that_o a_o reasonable_a fine_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o the_o same_o see_v the_o statute_n chap._n xx._n no_o feodal_n homage_n among_o the_o saxon_n homage_n our_o word_n man_n and_o homo_fw-la in_o latin_a have_v for_o many_o age_n in_o old_a time_n be_v use_v by_o the_o german_a and_o western_a nation_n for_o a_o servant_n or_o vassal_n and_o from_o thence_o hominium_fw-la and_o vassaticum_fw-la afterward_o homagium_fw-la be_v likewise_o use_v for_o hominem_fw-la agere_fw-la to_o do_v the_o office_n or_o duty_n of_o a_o servant_n not_o to_o signify_v manhood_n as_o some_o â—_o expound_v it_o and_o so_o also_o vassalagium_fw-la but_o by_o little_a and_o little_a all_o these_o latter_a word_n have_v be_v restrain_v to_o note_v no_o more_o than_o our_o ceremonial_a homage_n belong_v proper_o unto_o tenor_n which_o i_o meet_v not_o with_o among_o our_o saxon_n nor_o any_o show_n thereof_o in_o former_a age_n unless_o we_o shall_v fancy_v that_o the_o devil_n have_v it_o in_o his_o eye_n when_o he_o offer_v to_o give_v unto_o our_o saviour_n all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n if_o he_o will_v fall_v down_o and_o worship_v he_o for_o here_o he_o make_v himself_o as_o capital_a lord_n our_o saviour_n as_o the_o feodal_n tenant_n the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n to_o be_v the_o feud_n the_o fall_v or_o kneeling_z down_o to_o be_v the_o homage_n and_o the_o worship_v of_o he_o consist_v as_o the_o feodists_n expound_v it_o in_o six_o rule_n of_o service_n to_o be_v the_o fealty_n pardon_v i_o this_o idleness_n but_o from_o such_o missemblance_n rise_v many_o error_n twofold_n homage_n as_o we_o understand_v it_o in_o our_o law_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n one_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o other_o call_v homagium_fw-la ligeum_fw-la as_o due_a unto_o the_o king_n in_o respect_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o so_o do_v more_o francico_fw-la to_o king_n pipin_n by_o tassilo_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n about_o the_o year_n 756._o the_o other_o homagium_fw-la feodale_n or_o praediale_a belong_v to_o
every_o feodal_a lord_n and_o not_o begin_v in_o france_n till_o feud_n be_v there_o make_v hereditary_a by_o hugh_n capet_n nor_o in_o england_n till_o william_n the_o conqueror_n do_v the_o like_a as_o before_o appear_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v to_o preserve_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o tenant_n by_o make_v every_o new_a tenant_n at_o his_o entry_n to_o recognize_v the_o interest_n of_o his_o lord_n lest_o that_o the_o feud_n be_v now_o hereditary_a and_o new_a heir_n continual_o succeed_v into_o it_o they_o may_v by_o little_a and_o little_o forget_v their_o duty_n and_o substract_v the_o service_n deny_v at_o last_o the_o tenure_n itself_o we_o see_v at_o this_o day_n frequent_a example_n of_o it_o for_o by_o neglect_v of_o do_v homage_n and_o those_o service_n tenor_n usual_o be_v forget_v and_o so_o revolve_v to_o the_o king_n by_o ignoramus_n to_o the_o great_a evil_n of_o their_o posterity_n that_o neglect_v it_o homage_n but_o the_o saxon_n have_v only_o two_o kind_n of_o land_n bocland_n and_o folcland_n neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v subject_a unto_o homage_n for_o the_o bocland_n which_o belong_v proper_o to_o their_o great_a thanes_z though_o it_o be_v hereditary_a yet_o be_v it_o alodium_fw-la and_o libera_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la seculari_fw-la gravedine_fw-la as_o before_o be_v show_v and_o thereby_o free_a from_o homage_n and_o the_o folcland_n be_v not_o otherwise_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o thanes_z than_o at_o will_n or_o for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n the_o tenant_n of_o it_o be_v not_o to_o do_v any_o homage_n for_o it_o for_o justice_n littleton_n 90._o bid_v we_o note_n that_o none_o shall_v do_v homage_n but_o such_o as_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o fee_n simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n etc._n etc._n for_o say_v he_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o law_n that_o he_o which_o have_v a_o estate_n but_o for_o term_n of_o life_n shall_v neither_o do_v homage_n nor_o take_v homage_n but_o admit_v the_o saxon_n have_v the_o ceremony_n of_o do_v homage_n among_o they_o yet_o be_v it_o not_o a_o certain_a mark_n of_o knights-service_n for_o it_o be_v usual_a also_o in_o socage-tenure_n and_o in_o elder_a age_n as_o well_o a_o personal_a duty_n as_o a_o praedial_a that_o be_v do_v to_o prince_n and_o great_a man_n either_o by_o compulsion_n for_o subjection_n or_o voluntary_a for_o their_o protection_n without_o receive_v any_o feud_n or_o other_o grant_n of_o land_n or_o benefit_n from_o they_o and_o he_o or_o they_o which_o in_o this_o manner_n put_v themselves_o into_o the_o homage_n of_o another_o for_o protection_n sake_n be_v then_o call_v homines_fw-la svi_fw-la and_o say_v commendare_fw-la se_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la ejus_fw-la or_o commendare_fw-la se_fw-la illi_fw-la and_o be_v thereupon_o sometime_o call_v homines_fw-la ejus_fw-la commendati_fw-la and_o sometime_o commendati_fw-la without_o homines_fw-la as_o in_o doomsday_n often_o spirawiâ—_n though_o we_o have_v lose_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o phrase_n yet_o we_o use_v it_o even_o to_o this_o day_n commend_v i_o unto_o such_o a_o man_n which_o import_v as_o much_o as_o our_o new_a compliment_n take_v up_o from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n let_v he_o know_v that_o i_o be_o his_o servant_n see_v the_o quotation_n here_o annex_v and_o note_n that_o though_o the_o saxon_n do_v as_o we_o at_o this_o day_n call_v their_o servant_n and_o follower_n homines_fw-la suos_fw-la their_o man_n yet_o we_o no_o where_o find_v the_o word_n tenure_n or_o the_o ceremony_n of_o homage_n among_o they_o nor_o any_o speech_n of_o do_v or_o of_o respiting_a homage_n chap._n xxi_o what_o manner_n of_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n fealty_n so_o for_o fealty_n if_o we_o shall_v apply_v every_o oath_n swear_v by_o servant_n and_o vassal_n for_o fidelity_n to_o their_o lord_n to_o belong_v unto_o fealty_n we_o may_v bring_v it_o from_o that_o which_o abraham_n impose_v upon_o his_o servant_n put_v thy_o hand_n under_o my_o thigh_n and_o swear_v etc._n etc._n for_o the_o saxon_n abound_v with_o oath_n in_o this_o kind_n follow_v therein_o their_o ancestor_n the_o german_n who_o as_o tacitus_n 46._o say_v take_v praecipuum_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la a_o principal_a oath_n to_o defend_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o territory_n under_o who_o they_o live_v and_o to_o ascribe_v their_o own_o valour_n to_o his_o glory_n so_o likewise_o the_o homines_fw-la commendati_fw-la before_o mention_v yea_o the_o famuli_fw-la ministeriale_n and_o household_n servant_n of_o noble_a person_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o within_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o father_n swear_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o their_o lord_n fee_n these_o and_o such_o other_o be_v ancient_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n but_o illud_fw-la postremo_fw-la observandum_fw-la say_v bignonius_n a_o learned_a frenchman_n of_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n fidelitatem_fw-la hodie_fw-la quidem_fw-la feudi_fw-la causa_fw-la tantum_fw-la praestari_fw-la show_v far_o that_o fealty_n be_v first_o make_v to_o prince_n by_o the_o commendati_fw-la and_o fideles_fw-la without_o any_o feud_n give_v unto_o they_o and_o that_o the_o prince_n afterward_o do_v many_o time_n grant_v unto_o they_o feuda_fw-la vacantia_fw-la as_o to_o their_o servant_n but_o whether_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n be_v so_o bring_v in_o upon_o feodal_a tenant_n or_o be_v in_o use_n before_o he_o do_v not_o determine_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o hereby_o appear_v that_o fealty_n in_o those_o day_n be_v personal_a as_o well_o as_o feodal_n or_o praedial_a which_o impose_v a_o necessity_n upon_o they_o of_o the_o contrary_a part_n in_o the_o report_n that_o if_o they_o meet_v with_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n they_o must_v show_v it_o to_o be_v feodal_n and_o not_o personal_a for_o otherwise_o it_o maintain_v not_o their_o assertion_n i_o will_v help_v they_o with_o a_o pattern_n of_o fealty_n in_o those_o time_n where_o oswald_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n grant_v the_o land_n of_o his_o bishopric_n to_o many_o and_o sundry_a person_n for_o three_o life_n reserve_v a_o multitude_n of_o service_n to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o and_o bind_v they_o to_o swear_v that_o as_o long_o as_o they_o hold_v those_o land_n they_o shall_v continue_v in_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o bishop_n with_o all_o subjection_n i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n but_o we_o must_v consider_v whether_o it_o be_v personal_a or_o praedial_a if_o personal_a it_o nothing_o then_o concern_v tenor_n and_o consequent_o not_o our_o question_n if_o praedial_a then_o must_v it_o be_v inherent_a to_o the_o land_n which_o here_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v but_o to_o arise_v by_o way_n of_o contract_n and_o be_v praedial_a must_v either_o be_v feodal_n as_o for_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n or_o colonical_a as_o for_o land_n in_o socage_n if_o we_o say_v it_o be_v feodal_n then_o must_v there_o be_v homage_n also_o as_o well_o as_o fealty_n for_o homage_n be_v inseparable_a from_o a_o feud_n by_o knight-service_n but_o the_o estate_n here_o grant_v by_o oswald_n be_v no_o great_a than_o for_o life_n the_o grantee_n must_v not_o as_o we_o have_v show_v either_o make_v or_o take_v homage_n and_o be_v last_o but_o colonical_a or_o in_o socage_n it_o be_v no_o fruit_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight-service_n nor_o belong_v therefore_o to_o our_o question_n so_o that_o if_o fealty_n be_v find_v among_o the_o saxon_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o fruit_n of_o knight-service_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o report_n pretend_v it_o see_v fidelitas_fw-la in_o my_o glossary_n chap._n xxii_o no_o escuage_z among_o the_o saxon_n what_o in_o the_o empire_n 〈…〉_z the_o word_n scutagium_fw-la and_o that_o of_o escuage_z be_v of_o such_o novelty_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o i_o find_v it_o not_o among_o the_o feudist_n no_o not_o among_o the_o french_a or_o norman_n themselves_o much_o less_o among_o the_o saxon_n yet_o i_o meet_v with_o a_o ancient_a law_n in_o the_o novella_n of_o constantine_n porphyrogenita_n emperor_n of_o greece_n in_o the_o year_n 780._o that_o give_v a_o specimen_fw-la of_o it_o though_o not_o the_o name_n 7._o quaedam_fw-la esse_fw-la praedia_fw-la militaria_fw-la quibus_fw-la cohaereat_fw-la onus_fw-la militiae_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la possessorem_fw-la necesse_fw-la sit_fw-la se_fw-la ad_fw-la militiam_fw-la comparare_fw-la domino_fw-la indicante_fw-la delectum_fw-la vel_fw-la si_fw-la nolit_fw-la aut_fw-la non_fw-la possit_fw-la se_fw-la ad_fw-la delectum_fw-la exhibere_fw-la certam_fw-la eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la fisco_fw-la dependere_fw-la quae_fw-la feudorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a land_n to_o which_o the_o burden_n of_o warfare_n be_v so_o adherent_a that_o every_o owner_n of_o they_o be_v tie_v upon_o summons_n make_v by_o his_o lord_n to_o make_v his_o appearance_n therein_o or_o else_o to_o pay_v certain_a money_n by_o way_n
consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n for_o in_o his_o charter_n whereby_o he_o divide_v the_o court-christian_a from_o the_o temporal_a he_o say_v thus_o sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la episcopales_fw-la leges_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n &_o consilio_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la meorum_fw-la &_o caeterorum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la principum_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la emendandas_fw-la judicavi_fw-la and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o same_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la whereby_o he_o make_v the_o law_n he_o speak_v of_o in_o his_o charter_n of_o the_o great_a establishment_n aforesaid_a william_n rufus_n in_o an._n 1094._o call_n 26._o episcopos_fw-la abbates_n cunctosque_fw-la regni_fw-la principes_fw-la to_o a_o council_n at_o rochingheham_n 5._o id._n mar._n henry_n 1._o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la concilio_n gentis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la say_v matthew_n paris_n posuit_fw-la dunelmensem_fw-la episcopum_fw-la in_o vinculis_fw-la where_o gentis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la may_v be_v extend_v to_o such_o a_o parliament_n as_o we_o use_v at_o this_o day_n if_o the_o use_n of_o that_o time_n have_v bear_v it_o but_o eadmere_n speak_v of_o a_o great_a counsel_n hold_v a_o little_a after_o at_o lambeth_n call_v it_o concilium_fw-la magnatum_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la exclude_v plain_o the_o commons_o and_o to_o that_o effect_n be_v also_o all_o the_o other_o council_n of_o his_o time_n but_o our_o late_a chronicler_n follow_v 188._o polydore_n as_o it_o seem_v for_o they_o cite_v no_o author_n do_v affirm_v that_o henry_n i._o in_o the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n hold_v the_o first_o parliament_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n the_o truth_n whereof_o i_o have_v take_v some_o pain_n to_o examine_v but_o can_v find_v nothing_o to_o make_v it_o good_a 117._o eadmerus_n who_o flourish_v at_o that_o very_a time_n write_v particular_o of_o this_o council_n or_o assembly_n say_v xiii_o kal._n aprilis_n factus_fw-la est_fw-la conventus_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la serberiam_fw-la cogente_fw-la eos_fw-la illuc_fw-la sanctione_n regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la i._n and_o among_o other_o cause_n handle_v there_o he_o show_v this_o to_o be_v the_o principal_a viz._n that_o the_o king_n be_v to_o go_v into_o normandy_n and_o not_o know_v how_o god_n may_v dispose_v of_o he_o he_o desire_v that_o the_o succession_n may_v be_v confirm_v on_o his_o son_n william_n whereupon_o say_v eadmer_n omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la facti_fw-la sunt_fw-la homines_fw-la ipsius_fw-la willielmi_n fide_fw-la &_o sacramento_n confirmati_fw-la florentius_n wigorniensis_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o die_v about_o two_o year_n after_o 1116._o report_v it_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n conventio_fw-la optimatum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la apud_fw-la sealesbiriam_n 14._o cal._n apr._n facta_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la in_fw-la praesentia_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la homagium_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la gulielmo_n fecerunt_fw-la &_o fidelitatem_fw-la ei_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la here_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o who_o in_o likelihood_n they_o shall_v not_o have_v pretermit_v if_o they_o have_v be_v there_o assemble_v contrary_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n of_o those_o time_n nor_o do_v any_o succeed_a walsingh_n author_n that_o i_o can_v find_v once_o touch_v upon_o it_o i_o conceive_v there_o may_v a_o mistake_n grow_v by_o polydore_n or_o some_o other_o for_o that_o many_o of_o the_o commons_o if_o not_o all_o be_v at_o this_o time_n general_o swear_v to_o prince_n william_n as_o well_o as_o the_o baron_n be_v and_o as_o after_o in_o the_o year_n 1127._o to_o maud_n his_o daughter_n prince_n william_n be_v then_o dead_a but_o i_o no_o where_o find_v in_o all_o the_o council_n or_o parliament_n if_o you_o so_o will_v call_v they_o of_o this_o time_n any_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o other_o than_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o great_a person_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n stephen_n the_o first_o alteration_n that_o i_o meet_v with_o be_v in_o the_o twenty_o second_o year_n of_o hen._n ii_o where_o benedict_n abbas_n say_v circa_n festum_fw-la s._n pauli_n venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la northampton_n &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la consilium_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la here_o militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la extend_v beyond_o the_o baron_n and_o agree_v with_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n as_o after_z shall_v appear_v yet_o hoveden_n speak_v of_o this_o council_n do_v not_o mention_v they_o but_o only_o term_v it_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la but_o there_o happen_v about_o this_o time_n a_o notable_a alteration_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o owner_n of_o town_n which_o before_o manure_v their_o land_n by_o tenant_n at_o will_n begin_v now_o general_o to_o grant_v they_o estate_n in_o fee_n and_o thereby_o to_o make_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o freeholders_n more_o than_o have_v be_v who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o several_a interest_n and_o be_v not_o so_o absolute_o tie_v unto_o their_o lord_n as_o in_o former_a time_n begin_v now_o to_o be_v a_o more_o eminent_a part_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o more_o to_o be_v respect_v therefore_o in_o make_v law_n to_o bind_v they_o and_o their_o inheritance_n but_o the_o word_n militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la imply_v such_o as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la not_o per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v no_o baron_n yet_o such_o as_o by_o right_a of_o their_o tenure_n ought_v to_o have_v some_o voice_n or_o patron_n to_o speak_v for_o they_o in_o the_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o the_o baron_n do_v they_o can_v not_o be_v patronise_v under_o they_o and_o doubtless_o they_o be_v not_o many_o at_o this_o time_n though_o much_o increase_v since_o the_o make_n of_o domesdei_n book_n where_o those_o few_o that_o be_v then_o be_v mention_v and_o it_o may_v be_v the_o word_n hominum_fw-la here_o do_v signify_v those_o that_o serve_v for_o burrough-town_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n for_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o tenant_n not_o of_o servant_n to_o grope_v no_o further_o in_o this_o darkness_n the_o first_o certain_a light_n that_o i_o discover_v for_o the_o form_n of_o our_o parliament_n at_o this_o day_n be_v that_o which_o rise_v forty_o year_n after_o in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n the_o word_n whereof_o i_o will_v recite_v at_o large_a as_o they_o stand_v not_o only_o in_o matthew_n paris_n but_o also_o in_o the_o red-book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n with_o some_o little_a difference_n happen_v in_o the_o write_n et_fw-la civitas_n londinensis_fw-la habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la antiquas_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terras_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la aquas_fw-la praetereà _fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la aliae_fw-la civitates_fw-la &_o burgi_n &_o villae_fw-la &_o barones_n the_o quinque_fw-la portubus_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la portus_n habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_v consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o maritandâ—â—_n tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la &_o de_fw-la scutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la summoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la et_fw-la praetereà _fw-la faciemus_fw-la summoneri_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vicecomites_a &_o ballivos_fw-la nostros_fw-la omnes_fw-la alius_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la scil_n ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la 40._o dierum_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la certum_fw-la locum_fw-la &_o in_o omnibus_fw-la literis_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la causam_fw-la summonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la et_fw-la sic_fw-la facta_fw-la summonitione_fw-la negotium_fw-la procedat_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la assignatum_fw-la secundum_fw-la consilium_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la praesentes_fw-la fuerint_fw-la quamvis_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la summoniti_fw-la venerint_fw-la here_o be_v lay_v forth_o the_o member_n the_o matter_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o summon_v of_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o yet_o in_o the_o record_n of_o state_n call_v a_o parliament_n the_o member_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n first_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o the_o great_a baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o call_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o lesser_a baron_n which_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o manor_n second_o those_o here_o before_o mention_v by_o bened._n abbas_n to_o be_v call_v to_o clarenden_n that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o i_o take_v to_o be_v now_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o three_o those_o of_o city_n burrough_n and_o
town_n call_v burgess_n and_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v to_o appear_v personal_o or_o by_o particular_a proxy_n for_o the_o word_n as_o touch_v they_o be_v summoniri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la but_o as_o touch_v the_o other_o it_o be_v summoniri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la generaliter_fw-la etc._n etc._n not_o that_o all_o shall_v come_v confuse_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v send_v their_o advocate_n which_o common_o be_v but_o two_o to_o speak_v for_o they_o these_o the_o french_a in_o their_o parliament_n call_v 27._o ambasiatores_fw-la and_o syndicos_fw-la in_o the_o first_o rank_n the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n have_v their_o place_n in_o this_o council_n for_o that_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o a_o barony_n and_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n with_o they_o of_o the_o second_o rank_n so_o likewise_o for_o that_o it_o be_v declare_v and_o ordain_v in_o the_o council_n of_o clarendon_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v their_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n as_o a_o barony_n and_o shall_v be_v suitor_n and_o sit_v in_o the_o king_n court_n in_o judgement_n as_o other_o baron_n till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o diminution_n of_o member_n or_o matter_n of_o death_n but_o this_o council_n of_o clarendon_n do_v rather_o affirm_v than_o give_v they_o their_o privilege_n for_o the_o prelate_n of_o the_o church_n be_v in_o all_o age_n the_o prime_a part_n of_o these_o great_a council_n in_o the_o three_o rank_n the_o burgess_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n have_v their_o place_n not_o so_o much_o in_o respect_n of_o tenure_n for_o they_o be_v not_o conceive_v to_o be_v owner_n of_o land_n but_o for_o that_o in_o tax_n and_o tallage_n touch_v their_o good_n and_o matter_n of_o trade_n they_o may_v have_v some_o to_o speak_v for_o they_o as_o well_o as_o other_o member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o here_o then_o arise_v a_o question_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o every_o poor_a burrow_n of_o england_n how_o little_a soever_o it_o be_v two_o except_v have_v two_o to_o speak_v for_o they_o in_o this_o great_a council_n when_o the_o great_a county_n have_v no_o more_o it_o seem_v that_o those_o of_o the_o county_n who_o we_o call_v knight_n serve_v not_o in_o ancient_a time_n for_o all_o the_o freeholders_n of_o the_o county_n as_o at_o this_o day_n they_o do_v but_o be_v only_o choose_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o they_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v not_o barones_n majores_fw-la baron_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o all_o freeholder_n beside_o they_o have_v their_o lord_n paramount_n which_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la to_o speak_v for_o they_o as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o and_o these_o only_o have_v no_o body_n for_o that_o themselves_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n therefore_o king_n john_n by_o his_o charter_n do_v agree_v to_o summon_v they_o only_o and_o no_o other_o freeholder_n howbeit_o those_o other_o freeholder_n because_o they_o can_v not_o always_o be_v certain_o distinguish_v from_o they_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la which_o increase_v daily_o grow_v by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o have_v voice_n in_o election_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o at_o last_o to_o be_v confirm_v therein_o by_o the_o stat._n 7._o henr._n iu._n and_o 8._o henr._n vi_o but_o to_o come_v to_o our_o question_n why_o there_o be_v but_o two_o knight_n for_o a_o county_n it_o may_v well_o seem_v to_o be_v for_o that_o in_o those_o time_n of_o old_a there_o be_v very_o few_o beside_o the_o baron_n that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o that_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v and_o that_o two_o therefore_o may_v seem_v sufficient_a for_o these_o few_o as_o well_o as_o two_o for_o the_o great_a burrough_n or_o city_n of_o england_n except_o london_n and_o it_o may_v be_v that_o of_o the_o four_o which_o serve_v for_o london_n two_o of_o they_o be_v for_o it_o as_o it_o be_v a_o city_n and_o two_o other_o as_o it_o be_v a_o county_n though_o elsewhere_o it_o be_v not_o so_o but_o when_o two_o come_v first_o to_o be_v choose_v or_o appoint_v for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o burrow_n or_o county_n i_o can_v find_v it_o seem_v by_o those_o synod_n that_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n and_o by_o some_o after_o the_o conquest_n that_o great_a number_n of_o the_o common_a people_n flow_v thither_o epist_n for_o it_o be_v say_v in_o an._n 1021._o cum_fw-la quamplurimis_fw-la gregariis_fw-la militibus_fw-la ac_fw-la cum_fw-la populi_fw-la multitudine_fw-la copiosa_fw-la and_o an._n 1126._o innumeraque_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_fw-la multitudine_fw-la and_o so_o likewise_o in_o an._n 1138._o and_o other_o synod_n and_o council_n by_o what_o order_n or_o limitation_n this_o innumera_fw-la populi_fw-la multitudo_fw-la come_v to_o these_o assembly_n it_o appear_v not_o 10._o bartol_n that_o famous_a civilian_n and_o 15._o hottoman_a according_a with_o he_o thus_o expound_v it_o in_o other_o place_n nota_fw-la quod_fw-la praesides_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la coadunant_fw-la universale_fw-la parlamentum_fw-la provinciae_fw-la quod_fw-la intellige_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la de_fw-la provincia_n debent_fw-la ad_fw-la illud_fw-la ire_n sed_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la deputantur_fw-la ambasiatores_fw-la qui_fw-la civitatem_fw-la repraesentant_fw-la and_o l._n johan_n de_fw-fr platea_n likewise_o say_v vbi_fw-la super_fw-la aliquo_fw-la providendum_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la utilitate_fw-la totius_fw-la provinciae_fw-la debet_fw-la congregari_fw-la generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la seu_fw-la parlamentum_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la de_fw-la provincia_n vadant_fw-la sed_fw-la de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la civitate_fw-la aliqui_fw-la ambasiatores_fw-la vel_fw-la syndici_fw-la qui_fw-la totam_fw-la civitatem_fw-la repraesentent_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la concilio_n seu_fw-la parlamento_n petitur_fw-la proponi_fw-la sanum_fw-la ac_fw-la utile_fw-la consilium_fw-la but_o our_o burgess_n as_o it_o seem_v in_o time_n of_o old_a be_v not_o call_v to_o consult_v of_o state_n matter_n be_v unproper_a to_o their_o education_n otherwise_o than_o in_o matter_n of_o aid_n and_o subsidy_n for_o king_n john_n grant_v no_o more_o unto_o they_o than_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_v consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidâ—ndis_fw-la if_o his_o charter_n be_v so_o point_v that_o this_o clause_n belong_v to_o that_o of_o the_o liberty_n grant_v to_o they_o which_o be_v very_o doubtful_a and_o seem_v rather_o to_o belong_v to_o that_o which_o follow_v otherwise_o there_o be_v no_o word_n at_o all_o for_o call_v they_o unto_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n if_o you_o so_o will_v term_v they_o of_o that_o time_n and_o yet_o further_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o this_o whole_a branch_n of_o his_o charter_n touch_v the_o manner_n of_o his_o summon_n a_o great_a council_n be_v not_o comprise_v in_o the_o article_n between_o he_o and_o his_o baron_n whereupon_o the_o charter_n be_v ground_v but_o gain_v from_o he_o as_o it_o seem_v afterward_o and_o that_o may_v be_v a_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v leave_v out_o in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o henry_n iii_o confirm_v after_o by_o edward_n i._o in_o such_o manner_n as_o now_o we_o have_v it_o the_o charter_n of_o these_o article_n i_o have_v see_v under_o his_o own_o seal_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n john_n i_o find_v many_o of_o these_o great_a council_n hold_v and_o to_o be_v often_o name_v by_o the_o author_n of_o that_o time_n colloquia_fw-la after_o the_o french_a word_n parliament_n but_o no_o mention_n in_o any_o of_o they_o of_o burgess_n save_v that_o in_o an._n dom._n 1225._o regis_fw-la 10._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o king_n hold_v his_o christmas_n at_o westminster_n praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la and_o that_o the_o solemnity_n be_v end_v hugh_n de_fw-fr burgo_n the_o king_n justice_n propound_v to_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n &_o aliis_fw-la universis_fw-la the_o loss_n the_o king_n have_v receive_v in_o france_n require_v of_o they_o one_o xv_o the_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1229._o the_o king_n summon_v to_o westminster_n archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la templarios_fw-la hospitalarios_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n ecclesiarum_fw-la rectores_fw-la &_o qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr se_fw-la tenebant_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la about_o the_o grant_v a_o ten_o to_o the_o pope_n wherein_o those_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v call_v as_o in_o henr._n ii_o to_o the_o council_n of_o clarendon_n and_o as_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n purport_v but_o no_o mention_n be_v here_o make_v of_o burgess_n the_o original_a of_o the_o four_o term_n of_o the_o year_n by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n kt._n print_a in_o the_o year_n 1684._o from_o a_o very_a uncorrect_a and_o imperfect_a copy_n now_o publish_a from_o the_o original_a manuscript_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la juridiciales_fw-la chap._n 32._o
pag._n 89._o concern_v this_o treatise_n i_o shall_v here_o brief_o exhibit_v some_o particular_n which_o i_o acknowledge_v to_o have_v gather_v from_o a_o ample_a and_o most_o judicious_a discourse_n on_o this_o subject_a write_v by_o the_o learned_a sir_n henry_n spelman_n knight_n in_o 1614_o very_o well_o worthy_a to_o be_v make_v public_a the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n about_o forty_o two_o year_n since_o divers_a gentleman_n in_o london_n studious_a of_o antiquity_n frame_v themselves_o into_o a_o college_n or_o society_n of_o antiquary_n appoint_v to_o meet_v every_o friday_n weekly_a in_o the_o term_n at_o a_o place_n agree_v of_o and_o for_o learn_v sake_n to_o confer_v upon_o some_o question_n in_o that_o faculty_n and_o to_o sup_v together_o the_o place_n after_o a_o meeting_n or_o two_o become_v certain_a at_o darby-house_n where_o the_o herald's-office_n be_v keep_v and_o two_o question_n be_v propound_v at_o every_o meeting_n to_o be_v handle_v at_o the_o next_o that_o follow_v so_o that_o every_o man_n have_v a_o sennight_n respite_n to_o advise_v upon_o they_o and_o then_o to_o deliver_v his_o opinion_n that_o which_o seem_v most_o material_a be_v by_o one_o of_o the_o company_n choose_v for_o the_o purpose_n to_o be_v enter_v in_o a_o book_n that_o so_o it_o may_v remain_v unto_o posterity_n the_o society_n increase_v daily_o many_o person_n of_o great_a worth_n as_o well_o noble_a as_o other_o learned_a join_v themselves_o unto_o it_o thus_o it_o continue_v divers_a year_n but_o as_o all_o good_a use_n common_o decline_v so_o many_o of_o the_o chief_a supporter_n hereof_o either_o die_v or_o withdraw_v themselves_o from_o london_n into_o the_o country_n this_o among_o the_o rest_n grow_v for_o twenty_o year_n to_o be_v discontinue_v but_o it_o than_o come_v again_o into_o the_o mind_n of_o divers_a principal_a gentleman_n to_o revive_v it_o and_o for_o that_o purpose_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o in_o the_o year_n 1614_o there_o meet_v at_o the_o same_o place_n sir_n james_n ley_n knight_n than_o attorney_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n since_o earl_n of_o marleborough_n and_o lord_n treasurer_n of_o england_n sir_n robert_n cotton_n knight_n and_o baronett_n sir_n john_n davies_n his_o majesty_n be_v attorney_n for_o ireland_n sir_n richard_n st._n george_n knt._n then_o norrey_n mr._n hackwell_n the_o queen_n solicitor_n mr._n camden_n then_o clarentieux_n myself_o and_o some_o other_o of_o these_o the_o lord_n treasurer_n sir_n robert_n cotton_n mr._n camden_n and_o myself_o have_v be_v of_o the_o original_a foundation_n and_o to_o my_o knowledge_n be_v all_o then_o live_v of_o that_o sort_n save_v sir_n john_n doderidge_n knight_n justice_n of_o the_o king_n be_v bench._n we_o hold_v it_o sufficient_a for_o that_o time_n to_o revive_v the_o meeting_n and_o only_o conceive_v some_o rule_n of_o government_n and_o limitation_n to_o be_v observe_v among_o we_o whereof_o this_o be_v one_o that_o for_o avoid_v offence_n we_o shall_v neither_o meddle_v with_o matter_n of_o state_n nor_o of_o religion_n and_o agree_v of_o two_o question_n for_o the_o next_o meeting_n we_o choose_v mr._n hackwell_n to_o be_v our_o register_n and_o the_o convocator_n of_o our_o assembly_n for_o the_o present_a and_o sup_v together_o so_o depart_v one_o of_o the_o question_n be_v touch_v the_o original_a of_o the_o term_n about_o which_o as_o be_v obscure_a and_o general_o mistake_v i_o bestow_v some_o extraordinary_a pain_n that_o come_v short_a of_o other_o in_o understanding_n i_o may_v equal_v they_o if_o i_o can_v in_o diligence_n but_o before_o our_o next_o meeting_n we_o have_v notice_n that_o his_o majesty_n take_v a_o little_a mislike_n of_o our_o society_n not_o be_v inform_v that_o we_o have_v resolve_v to_o decline_v all_o matter_n of_o state_n yet_o hereupon_o we_o forbear_v to_o meet_v again_o and_o so_o all_o our_o labour_n lose_v but_o my_o lie_v by_o i_o and_o have_v be_v often_o desire_v of_o i_o by_o some_o of_o my_o friend_n i_o think_v good_a upon_o a_o review_n and_o augmentation_n to_o let_v it_o creep_v abroad_o in_o the_o form_n you_o see_v it_o wish_v it_o may_v be_v rectify_v by_o some_o better_a judgement_n sect_n i._o of_o the_o term_n in_o general_n as_o our_o law_n book_n have_v nothing_o to_o my_o knowledge_n touch_v the_o original_n of_o the_o term_n so_o be_v it_o much_o better_a if_o our_o chronicle_n have_v as_o little_a for_o though_o it_o be_v little_a they_o have_v in_o that_o kind_n yet_o be_v that_o little_a very_o untrue_a affirm_v that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n do_v first_o institute_v they_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o examine_n who_o be_v author_n of_o the_o error_n but_o it_o seem_v etc._n polydore_v virgil_n a_o alien_n in_o our_o commonwealth_n and_o not_o well_o endenize_v in_o our_o antiquity_n spread_v it_o first_o in_o print_n i_o purpose_v not_o to_o take_v it_o upon_o any_o man_n word_n but_o search_v for_o the_o fountain_n will_n if_o i_o can_v deduce_v they_o from_o thence_o beginning_n with_o their_o definition_n the_o term_n be_v certain_a portion_n of_o the_o year_n in_o which_o only_o the_o king_n justice_n hold_v plea_n in_o the_o high_a temporal_a court_n of_o cause_n belong_v to_o their_o jurisdiction_n in_o the_o place_n thereto_o assign_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a rite_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o definition_n divide_v itself_o and_o offer_v these_o part_n to_o be_v consider_v 1._o the_o name_n they_o bear_v 2._o the_o original_a they_o come_v from_o 3._o the_o time_n they_o continue_v 4._o the_o person_n they_o be_v hold_v by_o 5._o the_o cause_n they_o deal_v with_o 6._o the_o place_n they_o be_v keep_v in_o 7._o the_o rite_n they_o be_v perform_v with_o the_o part_n minister_v matter_n for_o a_o book_n at_o large_a but_o my_o purpose_n upon_o the_o occasion_n impose_v be_v to_o deal_v only_o with_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o term_n i_o will_v travel_v no_o far_o than_o the_o three_o first_o stage_n of_o my_o division_n that_o be_v touch_v their_o name_n their_o original_a and_o their_o time_n of_o continuance_n sect_n ii_o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o term_n the_o word_n terminus_n be_v of_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v the_o bind_v end_v or_o limit_v of_o a_o thing_n here_o particular_o of_o the_o time_n for_o law_n matter_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o also_o signify_v a_o day_n set_v to_o the_o defendant_n and_o in_o that_o sense_n do_v 1._o bracton_n glanvil_n and_o other_o sometime_o use_v it_o mat._n paris_n call_v the_o sheriff_n turn_v terminum_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o addition_n to_o the_o mss._n law_n of_o king_n inas_fw-la terminus_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o hundred-court_n as_o also_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o hen._n i._n prescribe_v the_o time_n of_o hold_v the_o court._n and_o we_o ordinary_o use_v it_o for_o any_o set_a portion_n of_o time_n as_o of_o life_n year_n lease_n etc._n etc._n the_o space_n between_o the_o term_n be_v name_v vacation_n à _fw-la vacando_fw-la as_o be_v leisure_n from_o law_n business_n by_o latinist_n justitium_fw-la à _fw-la jure_fw-la stando_fw-la because_o the_o law_n be_v now_o at_o a_o stop_n or_o stand_v the_o civilian_n and_o canonist_n call_v termtime_n dies_fw-la juridicos_fw-la law-day_n the_o vacation_n die_v feriale_n day_n of_o leisure_n or_o intermission_n festival-day_n as_o be_v indeed_o sequester_v from_o troublesome_a affair_n of_o humane_a business_n and_o devote_v proper_o to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n and_o his_o church_n according_a to_o this_o our_o saxon_a and_o norman_a ancestor_n divide_v the_o year_n also_o between_o god_n and_o the_o king_n call_v those_o day_n and_o part_n that_o be_v assign_v to_o god_n dies_fw-la pacis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la the_o residue_n allot_v to_o the_o king_n dies_z or_o tempus_fw-la pacis_fw-la regis_fw-la divisum_fw-la imperium_fw-la cum_fw-la jove_n caesar_n habet_fw-la other_o name_n i_o find_v none_o ancient_o among_o we_o nor_o the_o word_n terminus_n to_o be_v frequent_a till_o the_o age_n of_o henry_n ii_o wherein_o gervasius_n tilburiensis_n and_o ranulphus_fw-la de_fw-la glanvilla_fw-la if_o those_o book_n be_v they_o do_v continual_o use_v it_o for_o dies_fw-la pacis_fw-la regis_fw-la the_o ancient_a roman_n in_o like_a manner_n divide_v their_o year_n between_o their_o god_n and_o their_o commonwealth_n name_v their_o law-day_n or_o termtime_n fastos_fw-la because_o their_o praetor_n or_o judge_n may_v then_o fari_fw-la that_o be_v speak_v free_o their_o vacation_n or_o day_n of_o intermission_n as_o appoint_v to_o the_o service_n of_o their_o god_n they_o call_v nefastos_fw-la for_o that_o the_o praetor_n may_v ne_o fari_fw-la not_o speak_v in_o they_o judicial_o ovid_n fastorum_fw-la lib._n 1._o thus_o express_v it_o ille_fw-la nefastus_n erat_fw-la per_fw-la quem_fw-la tria_fw-la verba_fw-la silentur_fw-la fastus_fw-la erat_fw-la per_fw-la
on_o these_o day_n as_o by_o the_o same_o phrase_n in_o other_o law_n shall_v by_o and_o by_o appear_v which_o the_o gloss_n also_o upon_o this_o canon_n make_v manifest_a say_v in_o his_o etiam_fw-la diebus_fw-la causae_fw-la exerceri_fw-la non_fw-la debent_fw-la cite_v the_o other_o 1._o canon_n here_o next_o before_o recite_v but_o add_v withal_o that_o the_o court_n and_o custume_n of_o rome_n itself_o do_v not_o keep_v vacation_n from_o septuagesima_fw-la nor_o as_o it_o seem_v in_o some_o other_o of_o the_o day_n and_o this_o precedent_n we_o follow_v when_o septuagesima_fw-la and_o sexagesima_fw-la fall_n in_o the_o compass_n of_o hilary-term_n chap._n vi_o that_o our_o term_n take_v their_o original_a from_o the_o canon-law_n thus_o we_o leave_v the_o canon_n law_n and_o come_v home_o to_o our_o own_o country_n which_o out_o of_o these_o and_o such_o other_o foreign_a constitution_n for_o many_o more_o there_o be_v have_v frame_v our_o term_n not_o by_o choose_v any_o set_a portion_n of_o the_o year_n for_o they_o as_o polydore_n virgil_n and_o our_o chronicler_n ignorant_o suggest_v but_o by_o take_v up_o such_o time_n for_o that_o purpose_n as_o the_o church_n and_o common_a necessity_n for_o collect_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n leave_v undisposed_a of_o as_o in_o that_o which_o follow_v plain_o shall_v appear_v chap._n vii_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n in_o this_o matter_n inas_n one_o of_o our_o ancient_a saxon_a king_n make_v a_o very_a strict_a law_n against_o work_v on_o sunday_n etc._n guthrun_n and_o 39_o alured_n institute_v many_o festival_n but_o the_o first_o that_o prohibit_v juridical_a proceed_n upon_o such_o day_n be_v edward_n the_o elder_a and_o guthrun_n the_o dane_n who_o in_o the_o league_n between_o they_o make_v about_o ten_o year_n before_o the_o council_n of_o erpford_n that_o it_o may_v appear_v we_o take_v not_o all_o our_o light_n from_o thence_o do_v thus_o ordain_v ordel_n &_o aþa_v syndon_v tocÆ¿edon_n freol_n dagum_fw-la &_o rihtfaesten_v dagum_fw-la etc._n etc._n we_o forbid_v that_o ordel_n and_o oath_n so_o they_o call_v law-tryal_n at_o that_o time_n be_v use_v upon_o festival_n and_o lawful_a fast_v day_n etc._n etc._n how_o far_o this_o law_n extend_v appear_v not_o particular_o no_o doubt_n to_o all_o festival_n and_o fasting-day_n then_o impose_v by_o the_o roman_a church_n and_o such_o other_o provincial_n as_o by_o our_o king_n and_o clergy_n be_v here_o institute_v those_o which_o by_o alured_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v festival_n be_v now_o by_o this_o law_n make_v also_o day_n of_o vacation_n from_o judicial_a trial_n yet_o seem_v they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o be_v but_o semi-festival_n as_o appoint_v only_o to_o freeman_n not_o to_o bondman_n for_o so_o his_o 39_o law_n declare_v viz._n the_o twelve_o day_n of_o christmas_n the_o day_n wherein_o christ_n overcome_v the_o devil_n the_o anniversary_n of_o st._n gregory_n the_o seven_o day_n afore_o easter_n and_o the_o seven_o day_n after_o the_o day_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n and_o the_o whole_a week_n before_o st._n mary_n in_o harvest_n and_o the_o feast-day_n of_o all-saint_n but_o the_o four_o wednesday_n in_o the_o four_o ember_n week_n be_v remit_v to_o bondman_n to_o bestow_v their_o work_n in_o they_o as_o they_o think_v good_a eanham_n to_o come_v to_o that_o which_o be_v more_o perspicuous_a i_o find_v about_o 510._o sixty_o year_n after_o a_o canon_n in_o our_o 〈◊〉_d synod_n of_o eanham_n under_o king_n ethelred_n in_o these_o word_n first_o touch_v sunday_n 15._o dominicae_fw-la solempnia_fw-la diei_fw-la cum_fw-la summo_fw-la honore_fw-la magnopere_fw-la celebranda_fw-la sunt_fw-la nec_fw-la quicquam_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la operis_fw-la agatur_fw-la servilis_fw-la negotia_fw-la quoque_fw-la secularia_fw-la quaestionesque_fw-la publicae_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la deponantur_fw-la die_fw-la then_o command_v the_o feast-day_n of_o the_o b._n virgin_n and_o of_o all_o the_o apostle_n the_o 16._o fast_a of_o the_o ember_n day_n and_o of_o the_o 17._o friday_n in_o every_o week_n to_o be_v due_o keep_v it_o proceed_v thus_o 18._o judicium_fw-la quip_n quod_fw-la anglicè_fw-la ordeal_o dicitur_fw-la &_o juramenta_fw-la vulgaria_fw-la festivis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la &_o legitimis_fw-la jejuniis_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la adventu_fw-la domini_fw-la usque_fw-la post_fw-la octabas_fw-la epiphaniae_fw-la &_o à _fw-la septuagesima_fw-la usque_fw-la 15._o dies_fw-la post_fw-la pascha_fw-la minime_fw-la exerceantur_fw-la sed_fw-la sit_fw-la his_fw-la temporibus_fw-la summa_fw-la pax_fw-la &_o concordia_fw-la inter_fw-la christianos_n sicut_fw-la fieri_fw-la oportet_fw-la it_o be_v like_o there_o be_v some_o former_a constitution_n of_o our_o church_n to_o this_o purpose_n but_o either_o my_o eye_n have_v not_o light_a upon_o they_o or_o my_o memory_n have_v deceive_v i_o of_o they_o chap._n viii_o the_o constitution_n of_o canutus_n more_o particular_a canutus_n succeed_v short_o by_o his_o danish_a sword_n in_o our_o english_a kingdom_n not_o only_o retain_v but_o revive_v this_o former_a constitution_n add_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o zeal_n two_o new_a festival_n and_o vacation_n day_n 17._o and_o Æ¿e_a forheodað_n ordal_a &_o aða_v freol_n dagum_fw-la &_o ymbren_a dagum_fw-la &_o rite_n faesten_v dagum_fw-la &_o fram_a adventum_fw-la domini_fw-la oþ_n se_fw-la eahtoþa_fw-la dag_n again_o sy_a ofer_n tÆ¿elfta_fw-la daeg_fw-la etc._n etc._n we_o forbid_v ordal_n and_o oath_n on_o feast-day_n and_o ember-day_n and_o in_o lent_n and_o set_v fast_v day_n and_o from_o the_o advent_n of_o our_o lord_n till_o the_o eight_o day_n after_o the_o twelve_o be_v past_a and_o from_o septuagesima_fw-la till_o fifteen_o night_n after_o easter_n and_o the_o sage_n have_v ordain_v that_o st._n edward_n day_n shall_v be_v festival_n over_o all_o england_n on_o the_o fifteen_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o april_n and_o st._n dunstan_n on_o the_o fourteen_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o june_n and_o that_o all_o christian_n as_o right_o it_o be_v shall_v keep_v they_o hallow_v and_o in_o peace_n canutus_n follow_v the_o synod_n of_o eanham_n set_v down_o in_o the_o paragraph_n next_o before_o this_o recite_v which_o shall_v be_v festival_n and_o which_o fasting-day_n appoint_v both_o to_o be_v day_n of_o vacation_n among_o the_o fasting-day_n he_o name_v the_o saint_n eve_n and_o the_o friday_n but_o except_v the_o friday_n when_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v festival-day_n and_o those_o which_o come_v between_o easter_n and_o pentecost_n as_o also_o those_o between_o midwinter_n so_o they_o call_v the_o nativity_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o octabis_n epiphaniae_fw-la so_o that_o at_o this_o time_n some_o friday_n be_v law-day_n and_o some_o be_v not_o those_o in_o easter_n term_n with_o the_o eve_n of_o philip_n and_o jacob_n be_v and_o the_o rest_n be_v not_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o partiality_n as_o i_o take_v it_o be_v they_o fast_v not_o at_o christmas_n for_o joy_n of_o christ_n nativity_n nor_o between_o easter_n and_o whitsuntide_n for_o that_o christ_n continue_v upon_o the_o earth_n from_o his_o resurrection_n till_o his_o ascension_n and_o 19_o the_o child_n of_o the_o wedding_n may_v not_o fast_o so_o long_o as_o the_o bridegroom_n be_v with_o they_o nor_o till_o whitsuntide_n for_o joy_n of_o the_o come_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n chap._n ix_o the_o constitution_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n most_o material_a saint_n edward_n the_o confessor_n draw_v this_o constitution_n of_o canutus_n near_a to_o the_o course_n of_o our_o time_n as_o a_o law_n in_o these_o word_n 9_o ab_fw-la adventu_fw-la domini_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la octabas_fw-la epiphaniae_fw-la pax_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o sanctae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la per_fw-la omne_fw-la regnum_fw-la similiter_fw-la à _fw-la septuagesima_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la octabas_fw-la paschae_fw-la item_n ab_fw-la ascensione_n domini_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la octabas_fw-la pentecostes_fw-la item_n omnibus_fw-la diebus_fw-la quatuor_fw-la temporum_fw-la item_n omnibus_fw-la sabbatis_fw-la ab_fw-la hora_fw-la nona_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la die_fw-la sequenti_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la lunae_fw-la item_n vigiliis_fw-la sanctae_fw-la mariae_fw-la sancti_fw-la michaelis_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n baptistae_fw-la apostolorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la &_o sanctorum_fw-la quorum_fw-la solennitates_fw-la a_o sacerdotibus_fw-la dominicis_fw-la â—nnunciantur_fw-la diebus_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la in_o kalendis_fw-la novembris_fw-la semper_fw-la ab_fw-la hora_fw-la nona_fw-la vigiliarum_fw-la &_o subsequenti_fw-la solennitate_fw-la item_n in_o parochiis_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la dedicationis_fw-la dies_fw-la observatur_fw-la item_n parochiis_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la ubi_fw-la propria_fw-la festivitas_fw-la sancti_fw-la celebratur_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o rubric_n of_o this_o law_n be_v de_fw-fr temporibus_fw-la &_o diebus_fw-la pacis_fw-la regis_fw-la intimate_v termtime_n and_o here_o in_o the_o text_n the_o vacation_n be_v call_v dies_fw-la pacis_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o sanctae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la as_o i_o 2._o say_v in_o he_o beginning_n but_o pax_fw-la dei_fw-la pax_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la &_o pax_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o other_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o elsewhere_o have_v other_o signification_n
the_o other_o lose_v their_o privilege_n and_o come_v to_o be_v term-day_n i_o can_v find_v it_o suffice_v that_o custom_n have_v repeal_v they_o by_o confession_n of_o the_o 10._o canonist_n yet_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o there_o be_v matter_n for_o it_o in_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o church_n under_o islepe_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n iii_o for_o though_o many_o ancient_a law_n and_o the_o decretal_n of_o conquestus_fw-la gregory_n ix_o have_v ordain_v judicialem_fw-la strepitum_fw-la diebus_fw-la conquiescere_fw-la feriatis_fw-la yet_o in_o a_o synod_n then_o hold_v wherein_o all_o the_o holiday_n be_v appoint_v and_o particular_o recite_v no_o restraint_n of_o judicature_n or_o forensis_fw-la strepitus_fw-la be_v impose_v but_o a_o cessation_n only_a ab_fw-la universis_fw-la servilibus_fw-la operibus_fw-la etiam_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la utilibus_fw-la which_o though_o it_o be_v in_o the_o phrase_n that_o god_n himself_o use_v touch_v many_o great_a feast_n viz._n 25._o omne_fw-la servile_a opus_fw-la non_fw-la facietis_fw-la in_o iis_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v not_o in_o that_o wherein_o he_o institute_v the_o seven_o day_n to_o be_v the_o sabbath_n 3._o non_fw-la facies_fw-la omne_fw-la opus_fw-la in_o eo_fw-la without_o servile_a thou_o shall_v do_v no_o manner_n of_o work_n therein_o now_o the_o act_n of_o judicature_n and_o of_o hear_v and_o determine_v controversy_n be_v not_o opus_fw-la servile_a but_o honoratum_fw-la &_o plane_n regium_n and_o so_o not_o within_o the_o prohibition_n of_o this_o our_o canon_n which_o be_v the_o latter_a seem_v to_o qualify_v all_o the_o former_a yea_o the_o canonist_n and_o casuist_n themselves_o not_o only_o expound_v opus_fw-la servile_a of_o corporal_a and_o mechanic_n labour_n but_o admit_v twenty_o six_o several_a case_n where_o even_o in_o that_o very_a kind_n dispensation_n lie_v against_o the_o canon_n and_o by_o much_o more_o reason_n then_o with_o this_o in_o question_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o this_o canon_n consequent_o give_v liberty_n to_o hold_v plea_n and_o court_n upon_o other_o festival_n in_o the_o vacation_n i_o confess_v that_o so_o it_o seem_v but_o this_o canon_n have_v no_o power_n to_o alter_v the_o bound_n and_o course_n of_o the_o term_n which_o before_o be_v settle_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o land_n so_o that_o in_o that_o point_n it_o wrought_v nothing_o rogation-day_n but_o here_o arise_v another_o question_n how_o it_o chance_v that_o the_o court_n sit_v in_o easter-term_n upon_o the_o rogation-day_n it_o be_v express_o forbid_v by_o the_o council_n of_o medard_n and_o by_o the_o intention_n of_o divers_a other_o constitution_n it_o seem_v that_o it_o never_o be_v so_o use_v in_o england_n or_o at_o least_o not_o for_o many_o age_n especial_o since_o gregory_n ix_o insomuch_o that_o among_o the_o day_n wherein_o he_o prohibit_v forensem_fw-la strepitum_fw-la clamourous_a plead_n etc._n etc._n he_o name_v they_o not_o and_o though_o he_o do_v yet_o the_o glossographer_n say_v that_o a_o nation_n may_v by_o custom_n erect_v a_o feast_n that_o be_v not_o command_v by_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n 10._o et_fw-la eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la posset_n ex_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la introduci_fw-la quod_fw-la aliqua_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la praecepto_fw-la non_fw-la essent_fw-la de_fw-fr praecepto_fw-la sicut_fw-la de_fw-la tribus_fw-la diebus_fw-la rogationum_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o be_v short_a i_o find_v no_o such_o privilege_n for_o they_o in_o our_o court_n as_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v exempt_a from_o suit_n though_o we_o admit_v they_o other_o church_n rite_n and_o ceremony_n other_o we_o must_v now_o if_o we_o can_v show_v why_o the_o court_n sit_v upon_o so_o many_o ferial_a and_o holiday_n do_v forbear_v to_o sit_v upon_o some_o other_o which_o before_o i_o mention_v the_o purification_n ascension_n st._n john_n baptist_n all-saint_n etc._n etc._n for_o in_o the_o synod_n under_o islepe_o before_o mention_v no_o prerogative_n be_v give_v to_o they_o above_o the_o rest_n that_o fall_v in_o the_o term_n as_o namely_o st._n mark_n and_o st._n philip_n and_o jacob_n when_o they_o do_v fall_v in_o easter-term_n st._n peter_n in_o trinity-term_n 1._o st._n luke_n and_o ss_z simon_n and_o judas_n in_o michaelmass-term_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o although_o the_o synod_n do_v only_o prohibit_v opera_fw-la servilia_fw-la to_o be_v do_v on_o festival-day_n as_o the_o offence_n most_o in_o use_n at_o that_o time_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o give_v licence_n to_o do_v any_o act_n that_o be_v former_o prohibit_v by_o any_o law_n or_o canon_n and_o therefore_o if_o by_o colour_n thereof_o or_o any_o former_a use_n which_o be_v like_a enough_o the_o court_n do_v sit_v on_o lesser_a festival_n yet_o they_o never_o do_v it_o on_o the_o great_a among_o which_o as_o majoris_fw-la cautelae_fw-la gratia_fw-la those_o opera_fw-la servilia_fw-la be_v there_o also_o prohibit_v to_o be_v do_v on_o easter-day_n pentecost_n and_o the_o sunday_n itself_o festival_n let_v we_o then_o see_v which_o be_v the_o great_a feast_n and_o by_o what_o merit_n they_o obtain_v the_o privilege_n that_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n sit_v not_o on_o they_o as_o for_o sunday_n we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v canonize_v by_o god_n himself_o as_o for_o easter_n and_o whitsunday_n they_o fall_v not_o in_o the_o term_n yet_o i_o find_v a_o parliament_n hold_v or_o at_o least_o begin_v on_o whitsunday_n but_o touch_v feast_n in_o general_a it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o canonist_n and_o such_o as_o write_v 31._o de_fw-fr divinis_fw-la officiis_n divide_v they_o into_o three_o sort_n viz._n festa_fw-la in_o totum_fw-la duplicia_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la duplicia_fw-la &_o semiduplicia_fw-la and_o they_o call_v they_o duplicia_fw-la or_o double_a feast_n for_o that_o all_o or_o some_o part_n of_o the_o service_n on_o those_o day_n be_v begin_v voice_fw-la duplici_fw-la that_o be_v by_o two_o singing-man_n whereas_o on_o other_o day_n all_o be_v do_v by_o one_o our_o cathedral_n church_n do_v yet_o observe_v it_o i_o mean_v not_o to_o stay_v upon_o it_o look_v the_o 1._o rationale_n which_o feast_n be_v of_o every_o of_o these_o kind_n the_o ordinary_a apostle_n be_v of_o the_o last_o and_o therefore_o our_o court_n make_v bold_a with_o they_o but_o the_o purification_n ascension_n st._n john_n baptist_n with_o some_o other_o that_o fall_v not_o in_o the_o term_n be_v of_o the_o first_o and_o because_o of_o this_o and_o some_o other_o prerogative_n be_v also_o call_v festa_fw-la majora_n festa_fw-la principalia_fw-la &_o dies_fw-la novem_fw-la lectionum_fw-la ordinary_o double_a feast_n and_o grand_a day_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o they_o in_o a_o 5._o ordinance_n 8._o edw._n iii_o that_o writ_n be_v ordain_v to_o the_o bishop_n to_o accurse_v all_o and_o every_o of_o the_o perturber_n of_o the_o church_n etc._n etc._n every_o sunday_n and_o double_a feast_n etc._n etc._n but_o we_o must_v needs_o show_v why_o they_o be_v call_v dies_fw-la novem_fw-la lectionum_fw-la for_o so_o our_o old_a pica_n de_fw-fr sarum_n style_v they_o and_o therein_o lie_v their_o great_a privilege_n after_o the_o arian_n heresy_n against_o the_o trinity_n be_v by_o the_o father_n of_o that_o time_n most_o powerful_o confute_v and_o suppress_v the_o church_n in_o memory_n of_o that_o most_o bless_a victory_n and_o for_o better_a establish_n of_o the_o orthodox_n faith_n in_o that_o point_n do_v ordain_v that_o upon_o divers_a festival-day_n in_o the_o year_n a_o particular_a lesson_n touch_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o trinity_n beside_o the_o other_o eight_o shall_v be_v read_v in_o their_o service_n with_o rejoice_v and_o thanksgiving_n to_o god_n for_o suppress_v that_o horrible_a heresy_n and_o for_o the_o great_a solemnity_n some_o 158._o bishop_n or_o the_o chief_a clergyman_n present_a do_v perform_v that_o duty_n thus_o come_v these_o day_n to_o their_o style_n aforesaid_a and_o to_o be_v honour_v with_o extraordinary_a music_n church-service_n robe_n apparel_n feast_v etc._n etc._n with_o a_o particular_a exemption_n from_o law-tryal_n among_o the_o norman_n who_o therefore_o keep_v they_o the_o more_o respective_o here_o in_o england_n festa_fw-la enim_fw-la trinitatis_fw-la say_v belethus_n digniori_fw-la cultu_fw-la sunt_fw-la celebrandi_fw-la 〈…〉_z in_o france_n they_o have_v two_o sort_n of_o grand_a day_n both_o differ_v from_o we_o first_o they_o call_v they_o les_fw-fr grand_fw-fr jours_fw-fr wherein_o a_o extraordinary_a session_n be_v hold_v in_o any_o circuit_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o king_n commission_n direct_v to_o certain_a judge_n of_o parliament_n second_o those_o in_o which_o the_o peer_n of_o france_n hold_v once_o or_o twice_o a_o year_n their_o court_n of_o haught_fw-mi justice_n all_o other_o court_v be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n silent_a see_v touch_v these_o loyseau_fw-fr de_fw-fr seigneures_fw-fr 〈…〉_z to_o come_v back_o to_o england_n and_o our_o own_o grand_a day_n i_o see_v some_o difference_n in_o account_v of_o they_o
execution_n of_o the_o writ_n he_o receive_v from_o they_o and_o i_o take_v it_o that_o in_o old_a time_n they_o be_v the_o ordinary_a day_n set_v to_o the_o defendant_n for_o appearance_n every_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o seven-night_n after_o another_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o defendant_n according_a to_o his_o distance_n from_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v to_o appear_v may_v have_v one_o two_o three_o or_o more_o of_o these_o return_v that_o be_v so_o many_o week_n for_o his_o appearance_n as_o he_o be_v county_n off_o in_o distance_n from_o the_o court_n where_o he_o be_v to_o appear_v this_o be_v verify_v by_o the_o law_n of_o 93._o ethelred_n the_o saxon_a king_n in_o case_n of_o vouch_v upon_o trover_n give_v he_o cenne_v ofer_n a_o scira_n haebbe_fw-it a_fw-mi Æ¿ucena_fw-la fyrr_v give_v he_o cenne_v ofer_n tÆ¿a_fw-la scira_fw-la haebbe_fw-it tÆ¿a_fw-la Æ¿ucena_fw-la first_o give_v he_o cenne_v ofer_n iii._o scira_o haebbe_fw-it three_o Æ¿ucena_fw-la first_o ofer_n eal_n sÆ¿a_fw-la fela_fw-la scira_fw-la sÆ¿a_o he_o cenne_n haebbe_fw-it sÆ¿a_fw-la feala_fw-la Æ¿ucena_fw-la fyrrt_n i._n e._n if_o the_o vouchee_n dwell_v one_o shire_n off_o let_v he_o at_o first_o have_v one_o week_n if_o two_o shire_n off_o let_v he_o have_v two_o week_n if_o three_o shire_n off_o let_v he_o have_v three_o week_n and_o for_o so_o many_o shire_n as_o he_o dwell_v off_o let_v he_o have_v so_o many_o week_n the_o law_n of_o 41._o henry_n the_o first_o be_v somewhat_o more_o particular_a qui_fw-la residens_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la domum_fw-la svam_fw-la summoniri_fw-la debet_fw-la de_fw-la placito_fw-la quolibet_fw-la cum_fw-la testibus_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la dâ—mi_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la idem_fw-la dicatur_fw-la vel_fw-la dapifero_fw-la vel_fw-la denique_fw-la familiae_fw-la suae_fw-la libere_fw-la denuncietur_fw-la 〈◊〉_d in_fw-la eodem_fw-la comitatu_fw-la sit_fw-la inde_fw-la ad_fw-la septem_fw-la dies_fw-la terminum_fw-la habeat_fw-la si_fw-la in_o alia_fw-la schira_n â—it_n 15._o dierum_fw-la terminum_fw-la habeat_fw-la &_o si_fw-la in_o tertio_fw-la comitatu_fw-la sit_fw-la 3._o hebdomadae_fw-la 〈◊〉_d quarto_fw-la quartae_fw-la hebdomadae_fw-la &_o ultra_fw-la non_fw-la procedit_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la fuerit_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it 〈◊〉_d competens_fw-la eum_fw-la detineat_fw-la soâ—â—ius_n soinius_fw-la sâ—ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la est_fw-la 6._o hebdomadas_fw-la habeat_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la diem_fw-la ad_fw-la accessum_fw-la &_o recessum_fw-la maris_fw-la nisi_fw-la vel_fw-la occupatio_fw-la servitii_fw-la regis_fw-la vel_fw-la ipsius_fw-la aegritudo_fw-la vel_fw-la tempestas_fw-la vel_fw-la competens_fw-la aliquod_fw-la amplius_fw-la respectet_fw-la the_o statute_n of_o 13._o marlebridge_n cap._n 12._o sound_v to_o this_o purpose_n in_o assisis_fw-la autem_fw-la ultimae_fw-la praesentationis_fw-la &_o in_fw-la placito_fw-la quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la de_fw-la ecclesiis_fw-la vacantibus_fw-la dentur_fw-la dies_fw-la de_fw-la quindena_fw-la in_o quindenam_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la tribus_fw-la septimanis_fw-la in_o tres_fw-la septimanas_fw-la prout_fw-la locus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la propinquus_fw-la vel_fw-la remotus_fw-la and_o again_o cap._n 26._o sed_fw-la si_fw-la vocatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la warrantum_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciar_fw-la itinerantibus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la infra_fw-la comitatum_fw-la tunc_fw-la injungatur_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsum_fw-la infra_fw-la tertium_fw-la diem_fw-la vel_fw-la quartum_fw-la secundum_fw-la locorum_fw-la distantiam_fw-la faciat_fw-la venire_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o itinere_fw-la justiciar_fw-la fieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la extra_fw-la comitatum_fw-la maneat_fw-la tunc_fw-la rationabilem_fw-la habeat_fw-la summonitionem_fw-la 15._o dierum_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la secundum_fw-la discretionem_fw-la justiciar_fw-la &_o legem_fw-la communem_fw-la there_o be_v also_o another_o use_n of_o return_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o reform_a custumary_n of_o normandy_n artic._n the_o 10_o the_o some_o of_o they_o belong_v to_o plea_n of_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o we_o call_v personal_a action_n as_o those_o of_o octab._n some_o to_o plea_n of_o land_n and_o real_a action_n as_o those_o of_o quindena_fw-la plea_n of_o good_n and_o chattel_n be_v hold_v from_o octabis_n to_o octabis_n plea_n of_o land_n no_o soon_o than_o from_o quindena_fw-la to_o quindena_fw-la nul_fw-fr n'est_fw-fr tenu_fw-fr de_fw-fr respondere_fw-la de_fw-fr son_fw-fr heretage_fw-fr en_fw-fr moindre_fw-fr tems_fw-fr que_fw-fr de_fw-fr quinzaine_n in_o quinzaine_n the_o more_o solemn_a action_n have_v the_o more_o solemn_a return_v as_o we_o see_v by_o the_o iii_o stat._n of_o die_v commune_v in_o banco_n which_o i_o leave_v to_o my_o master_n of_o the_o law_n i_o will_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o return_v particular_o more_o than_o that_o octab._n be_v sometime_o reckon_v by_o seven_o day_n sometime_o by_o eight_o by_o seven_o day_n exclude_v the_o feast_n from_o which_o it_o be_v count_v by_o eight_o include_v it_o and_o the_o word_n be_v borrow_v from_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o church_n where_o the_o seven_o day_n follow_v easter_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v ferial-day_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o seven_o day_n azymorum_fw-la follow_v the_o passover_n in_o 6._o the_o levitical_a law_n but_o in_o this_o manner_n octab._n trinitatis_fw-la always_o include_v nine_o day_n reckon_v trinity-sunday_n for_o one_o by_o reason_n the_o just_a octabis_n fall_v on_o the_o sunday_n follow_v which_o be_v no_o day_n in_o court_n put_v off_o the_o return_n till_o the_o next_o day_n after_o make_v monday_n always_o take_v for_o the_o octab._n unless_o you_o will_v count_v these_o two_o day_n for_o no_o more_o than_o one_o as_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr anno_fw-la bissextili_fw-la in_o the_o like_a case_n have_v ordain_v the_o superfluous_a day_n in_o the_o leap-year_n call_v intercalaris_fw-la and_o the_o day_n go_v next_o before_o to_o be_v account_v but_o one_o day_n it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v note_v that_o although_o the_o sunday_n and_o grand-day_n be_v no_o day_n in_o court_n yet_o they_o be_v number_v among_o the_o day_n of_o return_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n 133._o feriae_fw-la autem_fw-la sive_fw-la repentinae_fw-la sive_fw-la solennes_n sint_fw-la dilationum_fw-la temporibus_fw-la non_fw-la excipiantur_fw-la sed_fw-la his_fw-la quoque_fw-la connumerentur_fw-la chap._n vii_o of_o the_o quarta_fw-la dies_fw-la post_fw-la touch_v the_o quarta_fw-la dies_fw-la post_fw-la allow_v to_o the_o defendant_n for_o his_o appearance_n after_o the_o day_n of_o return_n it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a salic_a french_a and_o german_a law_n where_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v per_fw-la triduum_fw-la seu_fw-la amplius_fw-la adversarium_fw-la expectare_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la occasum_fw-la solis_fw-la which_o they_o call_v sol_n satire_n as_o appear_v abundant_o in_o their_o law_n and_o in_o the_o formular_a of_o marculfus_n and_o bignonius_n note_n upon_o the_o same_o to_o 531._o which_o also_o may_v be_v add_v that_o which_o occur_v in_o gratian_n cap._n biduum_fw-la vel_fw-la 6._o triduum_fw-la but_o the_o original_n proceed_v from_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o german_n mention_v by_o tacitus_n 480._o illud_fw-la ex_fw-la libertate_fw-la vitium_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la simul_fw-la nec_fw-la jussi_fw-la conveniunt_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o alter_fw-la &_o tertius_fw-la dies_fw-la cunctatione_n coeuntium_fw-la absumitur_fw-la he_o say_v ex_fw-la libertate_fw-la because_o that_o to_o come_v at_o a_o peremptory_a time_n be_v a_o note_n of_o servitude_n which_o the_o german_n despise_v it_o be_v very_o observable_a that_o king_n edw._n iii_o call_v a_o great_a council_n in_o the_o fifteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n wherein_o be_v assemble_v divers_a bishop_n and_o twenty_o two_o earl_n and_o abbot_n he_o appoint_v they_o by_o his_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o meet_v at_o london_n die_v mercurii_n proxime_fw-la post_fw-la festum_fw-la translationis_fw-la s._n thomae_fw-la martyris_fw-la proximo_fw-la futura_fw-la vel_fw-la saltem_fw-la infra_fw-la tres_fw-la dies_fw-la ex_fw-la tunc_fw-la immediate_a sequentes_fw-la ad_fw-la ultimam_fw-la the_o writ_n carry_v the_o form_n phrase_n and_o stile_n of_o a_o parliament-writ_a but_o in_o this_o point_n of_o triduum_fw-la post_fw-la differ_v from_o all_o other_o that_o i_o have_v see_v hear_v the_o writ_n itself_o rex_fw-la ven._n in_o christo_n r._n eadem_fw-la gratia_fw-la bathon_n &_o wellens_n episcopo_fw-la salutem_fw-la quia_fw-la super_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la arduis_fw-la &_o urgentibus_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o statum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la angliae_fw-la contigerit_fw-la vobiscum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la praelat_fw-la ac_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la die_v mercurii_n proximo_fw-la post_fw-la festum_fw-la translationis_fw-la sancti_fw-la thomae_fw-la martyris_fw-la proxime_fw-la futuri_fw-la apud_fw-la london_n colloquium_fw-la habere_fw-la &_o tractatum_fw-la vobis_fw-la in_o fide_fw-la &_o dilectione_n quibus_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenemini_fw-la mandamus_fw-la firmiter_fw-la injungentes_fw-la quod_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la actionibus_fw-la cessantibus_fw-la dictis_fw-la die_fw-la &_o loco_fw-la vel_fw-la saltem_fw-la infra_fw-la tres_fw-la dies_fw-la ex_fw-la tunc_fw-la immediate_a sequent_a ad_fw-la ultimam_fw-la personaliter_fw-la intersitis_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la dictis_fw-la prelatis_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la super_fw-la negotiis_fw-la praedictis_fw-la tractaturi_fw-la vestrumque_fw-la consilium_fw-la impensuri_fw-la et_fw-la hoc_fw-la sicut_fw-la nos_fw-la
and_o other_o this_o point_n of_o use_n and_o example_n i_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n answer_v before_o speak_v as_o it_o fall_v in_o my_o way_n of_o bishop_n be_v secular_a judge_n one_o line_n serve_v to_o level_v at_o they_o both_o yet_o for_o further_a and_o more_o perspicuous_a resolution_n of_o the_o matter_n see_v both_o the_o example_n and_o the_o use_v censure_v in_o the_o decret_a 34._o distinct_a ca._n 1._o by_o pope_n nicholas_n ad_fw-la albinum_n archiepisc_n alius_fw-la aluinum_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la relatione_fw-la fidelium_fw-la nostris_fw-la auribus_fw-la intimatum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la lanfredus_fw-la episcopus_fw-la qui_fw-la &_o juvenis_fw-la esse_fw-la dicitur_fw-la venationi_fw-la sit_fw-la deditus_fw-la quod_fw-la vitium_fw-la plurimos_fw-la etiam_fw-la de_fw-la clericali_fw-la catalogo_fw-la genere_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la germanos_fw-la &_o gallos_n irreverenter_fw-la implicat_fw-la verum_fw-la iste_fw-la si_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la audivimus_fw-la merito_fw-la juvenis_fw-la dicitur_fw-la qui_fw-la juvenilibus_fw-la desideriis_fw-la occupatus_fw-la nulla_fw-la gravitate_fw-la constringitur_fw-la et_fw-la infra_fw-la nam_n ut_fw-la beatus_fw-la dicit_fw-la hieronymus_n venatorem_fw-la nunquam_fw-la legimus_fw-la sanctum_fw-la then_o blame_v he_o also_o for_o be_v too_o familiar_a with_o his_o daughter_n he_o say_v oportet_fw-la ergo_fw-la fraternitatem_fw-la tuam_fw-la synodale_n cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la &_o suffraganeis_fw-la tuis_fw-la convocare_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o hunc_fw-la salutaribus_fw-la colloquiis_fw-la episcopum_fw-la convenire_fw-la atque_fw-la illi_fw-la pastorali_fw-la authoritate_fw-la praecipere_fw-la quatenus_fw-la ab_fw-la omnium_fw-la bestiarum_fw-la vel_fw-la volucrum_fw-la venatione_fw-la penitus_fw-la alienus_fw-la existat_fw-la or_o in_o short_a to_o excommunicate_v he_o here_o he_o show_v hunt_v to_o be_v use_v both_o by_o a_o bishop_n and_o by_o a_o multitude_n of_o clerk_n plurimos_fw-la but_o neither_o the_o person_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o one_o not_o the_o multitude_n nor_o frequent_a use_n in_o the_o other_o make_v the_o pope_n to_o abstain_v from_o condemn_v it_o howbeit_o they_o who_o example_n the_o apologist_n allege_v little_o respect_v as_o i_o think_v the_o whole_a volume_n of_o canon_n touch_v the_o record_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n excommunication_n for_o take_v up_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n hound_n come_v into_o the_o earl_n ground_n to_o hunt_n and_o the_o archbishop_n plead_n that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o hunt_n in_o any_o forest_n of_o england_n whensoever_o he_o will_v we_o must_v as_o we_o before_o say_v pray_v oyer_n of_o the_o record_n for_o parol_n font_n plea_n and_o their_o certainty_n appear_v not_o here_o nor_o what_o become_v of_o the_o issue_n which_o though_o it_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v find_v for_o the_o archbishop_n yet_o perhaps_o it_o discharge_v he_o not_o against_o the_o canon_n and_o well_o may_v he_o be_v as_o bold_a with_o the_o canon_n as_o he_o be_v with_o the_o law_n for_o it_o be_v direct_o against_o the_o law_n both_o of_o england_n and_o france_n to_o excommunicate_v a_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n without_o the_o king_n assent_n and_o therefore_o henry_n iii_o be_v sore_o offend_v with_o the_o archbishop_n for_o this_o excommunication_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n and_o norwich_n be_v call_v in_o question_n for_o the_o like_a in_o henry_n the_o second_o s_z time_n as_o matthew_n paris_n report_v pa._n 99_o but_o because_o his_o case_n sway_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o ground_n i_o must_v dwell_v a_o little_a the_o long_o upon_o it_o to_o show_v what_o become_v of_o it_o the_o truth_n be_v it_o be_v end_v by_o comprise_v in_o the_o chapel_n at_o slyndon_n upon_o friday_n after_o the_o circumcision_n of_o our_o lord_n 1258._o that_o be_v 43._o henr._n iii_o in_o this_o manner_n quod_fw-la idem_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la &_o successores_fw-la svi_fw-la semel_fw-la in_o quolibet_fw-la anno_fw-la &_o non_fw-la plus_fw-la cum_fw-la transierint_fw-la per_fw-la dictam_fw-la forestam_fw-la i._n e._n de_fw-fr arundel_n cum_fw-la una_fw-la lesia_n de_fw-fr sex_n leporariis_fw-la sine_fw-la aliis_fw-la canibus_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la arcu_fw-la habeant_fw-la unum_fw-la cursum_fw-la in_o eundo_fw-la &_o alium_fw-la in_o redeundo_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la capiant_fw-la unam_fw-la feram_fw-la illam_fw-la habebunt_fw-la si_fw-la nihil_fw-la capiant_fw-la in_o illo_fw-la cursu_fw-la nihil_fw-la habebunt_fw-la si_fw-mi vero_fw-la capiant_fw-la plus_fw-la quam_fw-la unam_fw-la feram_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la fuerint_fw-la habeant_fw-la quam_fw-la elegerint_fw-la &_o residuum_fw-la habeant_fw-la dictus_fw-la dominus_fw-la johannes_n &_o haeredes_fw-la ejus_fw-la etc._n etc._n then_o be_v it_o further_o award_v that_o the_o say_a earl_n his_o heir_n and_o assign_v shall_v yearly_o for_o ever_o pay_v unto_o the_o say_a 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to_o hunt_v with_o greyhound_n for_o the_o bow_n be_v express_o forbid_v and_o except_v it_o may_v be_v some_o will_v extend_v the_o word_n confirmation_n to_o be_v mean_v of_o some_o right_n of_o hunt_v which_o the_o archbishop_n upon_o this_o arbitrement_n be_v to_o disinherit_v his_o church_n of_o which_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o lawyer_n for_o it_o may_v contain_v both_o though_o i_o never_o see_v any_o precedent_n of_o the_o pope_n in_o that_o kind_n for_o so_o small_a a_o matter_n but_o of_o the_o other_o kind_n we_o have_v before_o make_v mention_n of_o one_o to_o roger_n bishop_n of_o salisbury_n and_o a_o multitude_n of_o other_o be_v to_o be_v produc_fw-la d._n again_o if_o they_o have_v a_o dispensation_n for_o hunt_v yet_o it_o have_v some_o limitation_n either_o for_o the_o place_n or_o the_o manner_n which_o his_o lordship_n if_o he_o justify_v under_o that_o must_v show_v particular_o to_o come_v now_o at_o last_o to_o to_o the_o last_o point_n of_o the_o apology_n draw_v from_o the_o particular_a example_n of_o archbishop_n cranmer_n who_o in_o the_o description_n of_o his_o life_n britannicarum_fw-la antiqq_fw-la ca._n 68_o be_v set_v forth_o to_o hunt_n shoot_v and_o ride_v a_o 〈…〉_z great_a or_o stir_a horse_n with_o notable_a activity_n even_o when_o he_o be_v archbishop_n and_o in_o the_o word_n recite_v by_o the_o apologist_n but_o these_o be_v cerney_n exercise_n of_o war_n not_o of_o religion_n fit_a for_o baron_n not_o for_o bishop_n who_o in_o ancient_a time_n follow_v the_o example_n of_o our_o saviour_n and_o his_o apostle_n walk_v on_o foot_n as_o appear_z by_o bede_n eccl._n hist_o l._n 3._o ca._n 14._o &_o lib._n 4._o ca._n 3._o and_o beginning_n to_o ride_v 204._o use_v here_o in_o england_n mare_n as_o bede_n also_o witness_v lib._n 2._o ca._n 13._o in_o other_o place_n mule_n not_o horse_n for_o bellum_fw-la haec_fw-la armenta_fw-la minantur_fw-la as_o not_o only_o the_o poet_n say_v but_o as_o the_o scripture_n also_o prov._n 21._o ult_n equus_n paratur_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la belli_fw-la and_o such_o belike_o do_v this_o archbishop_n cranmer_n mount_v upon_o and_o manage_v as_o the_o word_n imply_v ut_fw-la in_o famulatu_fw-la svo_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la quisquam_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o generosum_fw-la equum_fw-la salire_fw-la ac_fw-la tractare_fw-la elegantius_fw-la potuisset_fw-la beside_o
alii_fw-la creditum_fw-la alius_fw-la subtrahat_fw-la ac_fw-la praecipue_fw-la repetita_fw-la clericis_fw-la quibus_fw-la opprobrium_fw-la est_fw-la si_fw-la peritos_fw-la se_fw-la velint_fw-la disceptationum_fw-la esse_fw-la forensium_fw-la ostendere_fw-la but_o here_o we_o see_v that_o the_o clergy_n even_o in_o those_o day_n have_v set_v their_o foot_n upon_o the_o business_n and_o i_o suppose_v that_o since_o that_o time_n they_o never_o pull_v it_o whole_o out_o again_o it_o be_v like_o the_o eastern_a nation_n adhere_v to_o the_o empire_n do_v observe_v it_o but_o the_o western_a be_v tear_v from_o it_o by_o the_o northern_a nation_n saxon_n goth_n and_o norman_n take_v and_o leave_v as_o they_o think_v good_a reâ—â—ardus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o western_a goth_n about_o the_o year_n 594._o though_o he_o 12._o retain_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o make_v will_n yet_o he_o ordain_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v publish_v d_o by_o a_o priest_n as_o former_o they_o have_v be_v his_o successor_n chindavinâ—us_n about_o an._n 650._o make_v a_o law_n about_o a_o military_a will_n ordain_v 13._o that_o it_o shall_v be_v examine_v by_o the_o bishop_n and_o earl_n and_o ratify_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o priest_n and_o the_o earl_n as_o the_o northern_a nation_n i_o speak_v of_o the_o goth_n the_o saxon_n and_o norman_n be_v of_o neighbour_n and_o affinity_n in_o their_o habitation_n language_n and_o original_a so_o be_v they_o also_o in_o their_o law_n and_o manner_n therefore_o as_o the_o goth_n trust_v to_o their_o priest_n with_o the_o pass_n of_o will_n so_o do_v the_o norman_n their_o custom_n and_o law_n 412._o be_v that_o tout_fw-fr testament_n doit_fw-fr estre_fw-fr pass_n par_fw-fr devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr curè_fw-la ou_fw-fr vicaire_n notaire_n ou_fw-fr tabellion_n en_fw-fr la_fw-fr presence_n de_fw-fr daux_fw-fr temotnâ—s_fw-fr idoine_n dâ—_n xx._n ans_fw-fr accomplis_fw-la &_o non_fw-la legataire_n that_o all_o testament_n shall_v pass_v before_o the_o curate_n or_o vicar_n etc._n etc._n where_o the_o commentary_n tabellion_n note_v that_o it_o must_v be_v the_o curate_n or_o vicar_n of_o the_o same_o parish_n where_o the_o testator_n dwell_v and_o that_o notary_n have_v be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v a_o notary_n apostolic_a or_o ecclesiastical_a so_o that_o the_o business_n be_v then_o with_o they_o whole_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o clergy_n this_o ancient_a norman_a use_n live_v to_o this_o day_n in_o many_o town_n of_o england_n the_o parson_n of_o castle_n rise_v in_o norfolk_n have_v the_o probat_fw-la of_o testament_n in_o that_o town_n and_o so_o have_v the_o parson_n of_o rydon_n and_o the_o parson_n of_o north-wotton_n in_o north-wotton_n to_o go_v back_o to_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n i_o see_v they_o hold_v a_o kind_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o similitude_n of_o law_n with_o their_o brethren_n the_o goth_n and_o norman_n and_o though_o i_o find_v no_o positive_a constitution_n among_o they_o in_o this_o point_n yet_o ab_fw-la act_n &_o judicatis_fw-la the_o supporter_n of_o the_o common_a law_n itself_o we_o may_v perceive_v what_o their_o custom_n and_o law_n be_v elfâ—re_v who_o live_v before_o the_o year_n 960._o have_v make_v his_o will_n â—96_n do_v afterward_o publish_v the_o same_o before_o odo_n the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n elfsy_n the_o priest_n of_o croyden_n and_o many_o other_o birtrick_n and_o his_o wife_n in_o no_o long_a time_n after_o declare_v 492._o their_o will_n at_o mepham_n before_o elfstane_n bishop_n of_o rochester_n wine_z the_o priest_n and_o divers_a other_o see_v a_o ms._n law_n 37._o of_o king_n alured_n the_o great_a who_o flourish_v an._n 880._o de_fw-fr eo_fw-la quâ—_n terram_fw-la testamâ—ntalem_fw-la habet_fw-la quam_fw-la ei_fw-la parent_n svi_fw-la dimiserunt_fw-la ponimus_fw-la ne_fw-la illam_fw-la extra_fw-la cognationem_fw-la svam_fw-la â—â—ttere_fw-la possit_fw-la si_fw-la scriptum_fw-la intersit_fw-la testamenti_fw-la &_o testes_fw-la quod_fw-la â—orum_fw-la prohibitto_fw-la fuerit_fw-la qui_fw-la have_v imprimis_fw-la acquisiverint_fw-la &_o ipsorum_fw-la qui_fw-la dederint_fw-la ei_fw-la nâ—_n hoc_fw-la possit_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la in_o regis_fw-la &_o episcopi_fw-la testimonio_fw-la recitetur_fw-la coram_fw-la parentela_fw-la sua_fw-la it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n 352._o that_o the_o declaration_n of_o a_o testament_n before_o the_o prince_n omnium_fw-la testamentorum_fw-la solennitatem_fw-la superat_fw-la here_o the_o bishop_n be_v join_v with_o the_o king_n in_o cognisance_n of_o the_o testament_n by_o the_o copulative_a &_o but_o mr._n lambard_n though_o i_o confess_v it_o agree_v not_o with_o the_o saxon_a make_v it_o in_o the_o disjunctive_a coram_fw-la rege_fw-la aut_fw-la episcopo_fw-la as_o if_o it_o may_v be_v before_o either_o of_o they_o the_o saxon_a â—7_n be_v on_o cyninge_n &_o bisceope_n geÆ¿itnysse_o in_o râ—gis_n &_o episcopi_fw-la testimonio_fw-la be_v it_o one_o or_o the_o other_o it_o come_v much_o to_o a_o reckon_n for_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n be_v then_o represent_v in_o the_o county_n by_o the_o person_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o the_o county_n as_o it_o be_v this_o day_n in_o his_o bench_n by_o the_o person_n of_o his_o judge_n and_o the_o earl_n and_o bishop_n sit_v together_o in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o county_n do_v as_o if_o the_o king_n and_o the_o bishop_n have_v be_v there_o hear_v joint_o not_o only_o the_o cause_n of_o will_n speak_v of_o in_o this_o law_n wherein_o the_o bishop_n have_v special_a interest_n but_o other_o also_o that_o come_v before_o they_o and_o therefore_o in_o those_o day_n the_o extent_n of_o the_o earl_n county_n and_o the_o bishop_n diocese_n have_v but_o one_o limit_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v the_o law_n secul_fw-la of_o king_n edgar_n cap._n 5._o and_o the_o like_a of_o canutus_n ms._n cap._n 17._o comitatus_fw-la bis_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la congregatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la plus_fw-la necesse_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o in_o illo_fw-la comitatu_fw-la sint_fw-la episcopus_fw-la &_o comes_fw-la qui_fw-la ostendant_fw-la populo_fw-la &_o justitiam_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o rectitudines_fw-la seculi_fw-la the_o saxon_a be_v &_o ðaere_n beon_n ðaere_fw-la scyre_n biscop_n &_o see_v ealdorman_n let_v the_o shire_n bishop_n be_v there_o and_o the_o alderman_n so_o than_o they_o call_v the_o earl_n thus_o both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o secular_a cause_n be_v both_o decide_v in_o the_o county_n court_n where_o by_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n the_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n be_v first_o determine_v and_o then_o the_o secular_a and_o many_o law_n and_o constitution_n 71._o there_o be_v to_o keep_v good_a correspondency_n between_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o earl_n or_o alderman_n and_o as_o both_o kind_n of_o justice_n be_v administer_v in_o the_o county_n court_n so_o be_v they_o also_o in_o the_o hundred_o court_n in_o which_o course_n they_o continue_v in_o both_o court_n till_o the_o very_a time_n of_o the_o conquest_n as_o it_o seem_v and_o almost_o all_o his_o time_n after_o but_o about_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o his_o regn_n by_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o we_o now_o call_v a_o parliament_n he_o ordain_v as_o appear_v in_o a_o charter_n 4._o of_o his_o then_o grant_v to_o remigius_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n ut_fw-la nullus_fw-la episcopus_fw-la vel_fw-la archidiaconus_fw-la de_fw-la legibus_fw-la episcopalibus_fw-la amplius_fw-la in_o hundred_o placita_fw-la teneat_fw-la nec_fw-la causam_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la regimen_fw-la animarum_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la judicium_fw-la secularium_fw-la omnium_fw-la adducant_fw-la sed_fw-la quicunque_fw-la secundum_fw-la episcopales_fw-la leges_fw-la de_fw-la quacunque_fw-la causa_fw-la vel_fw-la culpa_fw-la interpellatus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la ad_fw-la locum_fw-la quem_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la episcopus_fw-la ei_fw-la elegerit_fw-la &_o nominaverit_fw-la veniat_fw-la ibique_fw-la de_fw-la causa_fw-la vel_fw-la culpa_fw-la sua_fw-la respondeat_fw-la &_o non_fw-la secundum_fw-la hundred_o sed_fw-la secundum_fw-la canon_n &_o episcopales_fw-la leges_fw-la rectum_fw-la deo_fw-la &_o episcopo_fw-la svo_fw-la faciat_fw-la etc._n etc._n what_o ensue_v upon_o this_o and_o how_o the_o bishop_n and_o earl_n divide_v their_o cause_n and_o jurisdiction_n appear_v not_o that_o of_o will_n belong_v either_o whole_o to_o the_o earl_n as_o rector_n provinciae_fw-la by_o the_o constitution_n of_o theodosius_n or_o as_o much_o to_o the_o earl_n as_o to_o the_o bishop_n by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n and_o canutus_n but_o the_o subsequent_a use_n must_v inform_v we_o what_o be_v then_o do_v upon_o it_o and_o thereby_o it_o seem_v that_o all_o go_v whole_o to_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n and_o that_o the_o saxon_a custom_n be_v change_v and_o the_o norman_a introduce_v and_o that_o the_o name_n of_o court_n christian_n or_o ecclesiastical_a spring_v not_o up_o or_o be_v hear_v of_o till_o after_o this_o division_n for_o now_o the_o devise_v of_o land_n by_o will_n after_o the_o saxon_a manner_n be_v leave_v and_o the_o good_n themselves_o can_v not_o be_v bequeath_v but_o according_a to_o the_o use_n of_o normandy_n a_o three_o part_n must_v remain_v