Selected quad for the lemma: king_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
king_n	wound_v	year_n	young_a	39	3	5.9708	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05335	Of the interchangeable course, or variety of things in the whole world and the concurrence of armes and learning, thorough the first and famousest nations: from the beginning of ciuility, and memory of man, to this present. Moreouer, whether it be true or no, that there can be nothing sayd, which hath not bin said heretofore: and that we ought by our owne inuentions to augment the doctrine of the auncients; not contenting our selues with translations, expositions, corrections, and abridgments of their writings. Written in French by Loys le Roy called Regius: and translated into English by R.A.; De la vicissitude ou variete des choses en l'univers. English	Leroy, Louis, d. 1577.; Ashley, Robert, 1565-1641.	1594 (1594)	STC 15488; ESTC S113483	275,844	270

the time of thirteen yeares Let vs rather compare the fortune with fortune of one man with another and of Captaine with Captaine How many Romain Captaines can I name that neuer had contrarie fortune in battaile One may see in the Annales of the Magistrates and in the Calenders the battailes of the Consuls and of the Dictatours whose vertue and fortune neuer brought any displeasure to the people of Rome And they are more admirable then Alexander or any other king hauing not bin Dictatours some of them aboue ten or twentie daies and none aboue a yeare The leuies of men haue bin hindered by the Tribunes they went often to warre after the season and haue bin sent back againe before it by reason of the Comices or Parliaments The yeare hath bin spent in preparations for enterprises The temeritie or malice of a Collegue hath caused hinderance or domage and when matters haue bin euill managed he hath bin succeeded by another They haue taken new or ill disciplined souldiers But certainly kings are not onely free from all hinderances but also Lords ouer time and busines and with their counsels they draw all things after them and do not follow them Then inuincible Alexander had waged warre against inuincible Captaines and had put in hazard the like pledges of fortune but there had bin more danger on the Macedonians side which had but one Alexander not onely subiect to many perils but also seeking of dangers The Romains had many equall to Alexander inglorie and greatnes of exploits which might liue or die according to their destinie without the publike interest I● remaineth to compare armies with armies either in number or kind of men of armes or multitude of auxiliaries Then at that time by the number taken of the Citie they were found two hundred and fiftie thousand heads Wherefore in the reuolt of the allies from the name of the Latines there were leuied well neere ten legions of Citizens Often times there were fower or fiue armies at a time in Hetruria and Vmbria the Gaules being also their enemies They made warre in Samnia and against the Lucans Then afterwards he should haue found all Italie with the Sabines Volsces Eques and all Campania and a part of Vmbria and Etruria the Piscenians Marsians Pelignians Vestines Apulians and all the coast of the Grecians inhabiting on the inferiour sea from the Thracians vnto Naples and Cannes and from thence to Antia and Hostia either mightie with the Romains or subdued by them He should haue passed the sea with his old Macedonian souldiers not exceeding the number of thirtie thousand on foote and fower thousand on horseback almost all Thessalians for this was his strength If he had ioyned with them the Indians and other Nations they would rather haue bin a hinderance then any helpe vnto him Moreouer the Romaine armie in their owne countrie might easily haue new supplies and the armie of Alexander would haue waxen old as it hapned afterwards vnto Hannibal The armes of the Macedonians were the buckler and the iaueling called Sarissa The Romains vsed a shield which was greater to couer the bodie and a speare somewhat rougher either to strike or throw then the pike The footemen both of th one and thother keeping firmely their rankes but the vnmoueable Macedonian phalange was of one sort and the Romain squadron manyfold and compounded of many parts easie to sunder or ioine as neede required Touching their work there is none like to the Romain nor better to endure trauaile Alexander if he had bin ouercome in one battaile would haue made an end of the warre But what armes could haue quailed the Romain whom Candie and Cannes could not quaile Surely if he had prospered in the first encounter he would haue bin gon to the Persians and Indians and to the cowardly nations of Asia as the brute is that Alexander the king of Epirus feeling himself wounded to death said comparing the state of the warres made in Asia by this yong Prince with his When I call to mind how in the first Punick warre they fought twentie and fower yeares against the Carthaginians with mightie fleetes by sea I then think that the age of Alexander could not haue suffised for one war and peraduenture the Carthaginian state being allied with the Romain by auncient lyne and the feare being alike against a common enemie might haue ioyned two such mightie Cities in armes and men and then he might haue bin intangled with the Punick and Romain warre at one time The Romaines assaied the Macedonian enemie not vnder Alexander neither when the forces of Macedon were whole and entier but against Antiochus ●hilip and Perses not onely without any losse but also without any danger Let it not be euill taken that I say and let the ciuil warre● cease we haue neuer failed neither in places of aduantage or disaduantage when soeuer we had to deale with an enemie on horseback or on foote and in open warre The souldier loden with armes may well feare the man at armes on horseback the arrowes and thick forests the crooked and vneasie waies but he hath beaten back and shall beate a thousand bands more heauily armed then those of the Macedonians and of Alexander prouided that the loue of peace wherein we liue remaine still amongst vs and the care of ciuile concord A COMPARISON OF POMPEY THE great with Alexander Hercules and Bacchus according to Plinie BVT it pertaineth to the honour of the Romain Empire and not to the victorie of one only man to recite all the titles and triumphes of POMPEY the great hauing attained to the glorie of the deedes not only of Alexander the great but of Hercules also and the father Bacchus Sicile then being recouered where he began to do seruice to the common wealth following the partie of Sylla and then all Africk being subdued and brought vnder obedience and his surname of great being taken therhence being a Romain knight that which neuer before hapned vnto any he was caried in a triumphant chariot and by and by going toward the West and hauing erected many trophees in the mountaines Pyrenees he reduced vnder obedience eight hundred three score and sixteene Townes between the Alpes and the extremities of the farthest Spaine thorough the magnanimitie of his courage making no mention of Sertorius And the ciuil warre being extinguished which moued all the strange warres he againe led the triumphant chariots being a Romaine knight and so many times Emperour and Captain before he was souldier Then being sent to all the seas and beyond toward the East he brought back his titles to his Countrie after the maner of such as ouercome in Combats and sacred games who are not only crowned them selues but crowne their Countrie also attributing to the Citie these honours at the Temple of Minerua which he dedicated of his pray after this maner Cn. Pompey the great Emperour hauing ended the warre which endured thirtie yeares hauing defeated put to flight

curiously many workes which he can not imitate which because they can not speake are called mute or dumbe and vnreasonable creatures And although men are more sociable yet little would the similitude of nature which is amongst them auaile them vnto this societie if they did not vnderstand one an other and would rather chuse to conuerse with the dumbe creatures of diuers kinds then with other strange men which they vnderstand not Speech then being so necessarie to a ciuil man who by reason alone can not haue the companie of an other and being naturally giuen him to declare the conceits and affections of his mind notwithstanding it commeth to passe that the words are not alwaies and euery where the same as the thinges are vnto which they are imposed but do chaunge from countrie to countrie and from time to time according to the vse and custome of those that speake beeing receiued and vnderstood amongst them by their owne agreement and consent From whence proceedeth this varietie of Languages amongst men dispersed ouer the whole habitable earth being so spacious in length and bredth th one not vnderstanding thother but by signes or interpreters But if as there is in all men one first principle of reason and one common interiour intelligence it were possible that there were also but one common tongue to serue in arts and contracts they would loue one another better by the ceasing of that discord which commeth by the diuersitie and ignorance of tongues and employ that time in knowledge of things which they are now constrained to bestow in learning of words Diodorus the Sicilian following the auncient Philosophers hath written that men at the beginning had the sound of their voice confused and not to be vnderstood but that by little and little making distinction they named euery thing by his name And for asmuch as they were then dwelling in diuers partes of the world they did not vse all one speach and language whence it came to passe that they had also different Characters and letters Moses declareth in Genesis how the language of all the earth was confounded in the building of the tower of Babel wherehence hath proceeded the diuision of Nations and the beginning of the diuersitie of Tongues by the pride and presumption of men As in trueth it is a punishment for sinne that we haue so many which are changed vncessantly at the pleasure of the common people forging daily new words by the birth of which the former must needes decay Euen as the seasons of the yeare do spoile the earth of her flowers and fruites and do after cloath it a new with others Likewise time maketh words to fall and vse maketh new to spring in their places and graceth them making them to be in request vntill that being by age consumed by little and little they come also to die because that in the end both we and all things that are ours are mortall But such change and varietie commeth ordinarily of the mingling of diuers Nations and of great faires and armies where are people of diuers languages who assembling and communing together do continually forge new wordes which do either endure or perish according as of custome they are accepted or reiected And howbeit that speech is natural vnto men yet do they not speake but artificially nor do they learne it but in hearing others speake first their mothers and their nurses and afterwards the common people Wherefore it behoueth that the first which imposed names on things hauing no other of whom they might learne them did miraculously learne them in that tongue wherein the nature and trueth of things agreed with their originals and Etimologies which men euen to this present haue endeuoured to seeke in all tongues in the significations of words The Hebrewes attribute this honour to their tongue which they account the first and most auncient of the world Herodotus writeth that Psamneticus King of Egipt being desirous to know which was the first language gaue two young children of poore parentage to a Shepheard to be kept forbidding any word to be spoken in their hearing but commaunded they should be kept a sunder and that at certaine howers there should goates be brought to giue them suck which he did for a desire he had to heare what word these children would speake first And it hapned after two yeares when the Shepheard opened the doore to come in to the children they fell downe both at his feete and holding vp their handes pronounced this word Bec which is as much to say as Bread in the Phrygian tongues And so it was found that the Phrygians were more auncient then the Egyptians and their language the first Vitruuius the Architect speaking somewhat grossely of this matter saith that while men dwelt yet in the forrestes in some of the thickest places the trees shaken by the force of the windes and beating violently one against an other stroke fire wherat those that were neere being astonished fled and afterwards comming neere again when the noise was stilled they found that great commoditie came to the bodie by the heat of the fire and putting wood into it so maintayning it they called the rest and shewed vnto them by signes the good that came of it In this first assemblie their voices issuing diuersly out of their brests the words were made as they offred themselues by the which signifying oft the same things they began to speak at aduenture so formed the languages amongst them Pythagoras did attribute soueraine wisdom to him which first found out names for euery thing And Plato affirmeth in his Cratilus that it was done by a power more then humaine for in trueth man could not of him selfe without the helpe of God discerne innumerable thinges contained in the world by their proper names which otherwaies had remained vnknowen I say the Heauen his parts and mouings the fixed and wandering Starres the Elements with their qualities wyndes raines haile snowes thunders and other meteors birds beasts fishes herbs plants trees graines minerals stones pearles their natures and properties seas gulfes climates hauens ports isles riuers lakes pooles lands countries people nations villages hamlets townes and cities The inward and outward partes of the bodie sences and their obiects odours sauours smels and tasts maladies and their remedies infinite humaine actions victuals garments lawes magistrates iudgments gouernments ceremonies warfare reuenewes moneies so many arts and occupations with their instruments so many persons with names and surnames the affinities and alliances betwixt them The controuersie also in times past hath bin great amongst the learned whether words were imposed at the will and pleasure of them that speake or els by art and natural reason The varietie and continuall mutation which is seen in tongues made some think that this imposition was casual and arbitrarie founded on the consent and custom of men Others said that sithence the names are as instruments ordained to present things vnto vs which do

had done who seeing the yong yeres of Remus and considering well the markes of his countenance togither with the time when his daughters children were cast out began to suspect that he was one of them by his age so well agreeing thereto And being in this doubt Romulus and Faustulus came vnto him by whom he was aduertised of the trueth of all Then being auenged of Amulius whom they slew they placed Numitor in the kingdom and afterwards founded the citie of Rome ROMVLVS then the first Prince authour and founder thereof hauing composed it of Countrey people and nea●heards had many trauailes in doing thereof and found himselfe intangled with many wars and many daungers being constrained to fight with those that opposed themselues to the rising and foundation of this City and to the increase of this people newly planted Then afterwards as his natiuity preseruation and nourishment had bin maruailous his end was no lesse For as he spake vnto the people sodainly the weather was ouer cast and the aire was horribly chaunged The sunne lost entierly his light and there were terrible thunders impetuous winds stormes and tempests on euery side which made the cōmon people to hide themselues here and there in corners But the Senatours kept themselues togither Then when the storme was past the day cleared and the weather become faire the people assembled againe as before and went to seeke their king and to aske what was become of him But the Lords would not suffer them to enquire any farther but admonished them to honour and reuerence him as one that had bin taken vp into heauen and who thence forward insteed of a good king would be a propicious and fauourable God vnto them Moreouer Iulius Proculus one of the Patricians accounted a very honest man who also had bin a great familiar friende of Romulus affirmed that as he came from Alba he met him on his way greater and fairer then euer he had seen him armed all in white armour bright shyning as fire and that being afrighted to see him in such sort he asked him wherefore he had abandoned his orphane city in such infinite sorowe To whō Romulus answered It pleased the Gods from whō I came that I should remain among men as long as I haue remained that after I had built a city which in glory and greatnes of Empire shall one day be the chiefe in the world I shoulde returne to dwell in heauen as before Wherefore be of good cheere and say vnto the Romains that in exercising of prowes and temperance they shall attaine to the height of humaine power and as for me I will be henceforth a God Protector and Patron of them whom they shall call QVIRINVS The auncients recited many such meruailes in the which there is no apparance of trueth endeuouring to deifie the nature of man and to associate him with the Gods It is is very true saith Plutarch that it were euil and wickedly done to deny the diuinity of vertue but yet to mingle earth with heauen were great foolishnes being a thing most certaine that after death the soule which is the ymage of eternity remaineth only aliue and retourneth to heauen wherhence it came not with the body but rather when it is farthest remoued and seperated from the body and when it is cleane and holy and holdeth nothing any longer oft he flesh Therefore it is not necessary to go about to sende against nature the bodies of vertuous men with their soules vnto heauen but we ought to thinke and firmely beleeue that their vertues and soules according to nature and diuine Iustice become saincts of men and of saints demy-Gods and of demy-gods after they are perfectly as in sacrifices of purgation cleansed purified being deliuered of al passibility and mortality they become not by any ciuile ordinance but in trueth reason liklyhood entier perfect Gods receiuing a most happy glorious end But NVMA the second king succeeding vnto Romulus had time and leasure to establish Rome and to ensure the increase thereof by meanes of the long peace which hee had with all his enemies which was to Rome as a store-house of all munition for the wars which folowed after and the people of Rome hauing exercised themselues at leasure and in quiet and rest by the space of xliij yeres after the wars which they had vnder Romulus they made themselues strong enough sufficient to make head against those which afterwards opposed themselues against them Considering that in all that time there was neither plague nor famine nor barrennes of the earth nor intemperatenes of winter or sommer that offended them as if all these yeres had bin gouerned not by humane wisdome but by the diuine prouidence For he gaue out that the goddesse Egeria was in loue with him that lying with him she taught him how to rule and gouerne his common wealth Numa then taking the city of Rome as in a turbulent tempest and in a sea tormented troubled with the enmity enuy and euil wil of all the neighbor nations and bordering peoples and moreouer exercised in it selfe with infinite troubles and partialities he extinquished and asswaged all angers and all the enuies as euil and contrary windes giuing meanes to the people being but newly planted and scarcely yet established to take roote and to fasten their footing by augmenting leasurely in al safety without wars without sicknes without peril without feare or any other hinderance whatsoeuer For in all his raigne there was neither war nor ciuil sedition nor attempt of nouelty in gouernment of the common wealth yet lesse enmity or enuy perticularly against him or conspiracy against his person forgreedines of rule And not only at Rome was the people softned reformed after the example of the Iustice clemency goodnes of the king but in all the Citie● also round about began a meruailous change of maners no otherwise then if it had bin a sweete breath of some wholsome and gracious winde that had breathed on them from the side of Rome to refresh them and there stole sweetly into the harts of men a desire to liue in peace to labour the earth and to bring vp their children in rest and tranquility and to serue and honour the Gods After these two raigned fiue kings at Rome and in TARQVIN the last for hate of his pride and not of the royall authority was the gouernement chaunged Rome being from that time foorth gouerned by two annuall CONSVLS and by the SENATE vnder the authoritie of the people Then from the Consuls it came to the rule of TEN MEN from whom it retourned back againe to the CONSVLS And whereas there were opposed vnto them two military TRIBVNES of equall power they were within the yere deposed and gaue place to the CONSVLS And albeit they vsed in the great affaires of the common wealth to create a DICTATOVR with absolute authority for the time neuerthelesse the Consulary

armes now into Spaine against Sertorius now against the Pyrates vnder colour of pacifying the sea He pretended these causes to th end he might continue his power What led him into Africk and into the North against Mithridates and into Armenia and against all the kings of Asia but onely an infinite desire of increasing in greatnes seeming only to himselfe that he was not great enough What did put Iulius so far forward into these publike euils glorie and ambition and a desire which he had without measure to excell aboue others He could not suffer one to be before him where the common wealth endured two What think you that Marius being once Consul indeed hauing taken away by force the six other Consulships when he defeated the Theutons and the Cymbrians and when he pursued Iugurtha thorough the deserts of Africa did aduenture these dangers by the instinct of vertue These men mouing all things were also moued themselues after the maner of whirle-winds which carrie away whatsoeuer they catch and thereby become more impetuous and can not be stil. Hauing then bin mischieuous vnto many they finally feele in themselues their pernicious mischiefe whereby they haue bin hurtfull vnto many The same Seneca It is all one saith he whether Cato ouercome or be ouercome in the battaile of Pharsalia The good being in him which could not be vanquished when his partie was ouercome was equall with the good which he should haue caried victorious into his Countrie haue pacified the affairs Wherefore should it not be equall seeing that by the same vertue euill fortune is ouercome and good fortune well ordered The vertue can not be greater nor lesser It is alwaies after one sort But Pompey shal lose his armie but the honest pretence of the common wealth and the Senate with the chiefest Lords of Rome following the part of Pompey being placed in the first rank of the battaile shall be ouerthrowen in one onely battaile and the ruines of so great an Empire shall be dispersed ouer all the world one part shall fall into Egipt an other into Africk an other into Spaine This miserable common wealth can not all fall at one time Let them do all they can The knowledge of the places doth not help the king Iuba in his kingdom nor the obstinate vertue of his subiects and the fidelitie of the Vticians being broken with so many euils faileth And should Scipio be abandoned in Africk of the fortune of his name It was already prouided that Cato should receiue no harme And yet he was ouercome Certainly the calamities were verie great in that conuersion of the world and there were strange aduersities mingled with the prosperities There was neither Countrie Citie Lordship or personage any whit renowmed but endured much The ruine of Carthage first presenteth it selfe which Citie seuen hundred yeares after it was founded had bin so flourishing and excellent in all things had borne rule ouer so many seas and lands and Islands and ships and so much riches and so many armes as n●ne more and had courage more then any other Fourteene yeares after the Numantines being besieged by Scipio AEmilian seeing that for want of victuals they were not able any longer to endure the siege themselues burned thei● Citie of Numantia and killed themselues part by the sword part by fire part by poison Cicero nameth Carthage and Numantia the two astonishments of the people of Rome Shal I tel how Syracusa was spoiled Corinth rased Antioch and Hierusalem taken Athens besieged and sacked Mars●illes borne in triumph how Rome saw her Senate flying her treasures taken away Alexandria found Cesar fighting in her and her king the yong Ptolomey dead how Thebes in Egipt was destroied Thirteen towns in Peloponesus swalowed vp with an earthquak wherwith Caria Rhodes also were shaken How ther came extraordinary inundations of the sea of riuers and of raines of tempestuous winds Monsters hideous in all nature signes in the aire comets eclipses of the sun and of the moone and other horrible things in the celestiall motions whereof ensued famins plagues and other diseases which were before vnknowen Cicero writeth that there appeared then not onely fierie impressions by night in the heauen flashes of of lightning and tremblings of the earth but moreouer that the thunder fell on the high towers of the Temples many Images of the Gods were remoued out of their places many statues of famous men throwen downe the tables of brasse wherein the Lawes were ingrauen were melted The Image also of Romulus the founder of Rome who was made as he were sucking and waiting at the tears of the wolfe striken with thunder Shall I tell of fower-score thousand Romains and their allies defeated by the Cymbrians and a hundred fortie thousand Cymbrians slaine by the Romains the armies of the Heluetians and Germains ouerthrowen the bondmen vp in armes and allies mutining And not onely the good townes and mightie armies did suffer but also the rich seignories and noble kingdomes were distroied the free nations either trauailed with warres or were brought vnder subiection As the Spanish French British Germain Pannonian Illyrian Armenian and Thracian Italie it selfe after it had about some fiue hundred yeares valiantly defended it selfe was in the end subdued Moreouer there were scarce any famous men either in armes or learning but either receiued notable iniuries or suffered violent death Scipio Africanus being returned out of the Senate was found the next day stifled in his bed which was thought to haue bin done by his neerest kinred Hannibal being driuen out of Italie and banished Africa poisoned himselfe in the Court of king Prusias The king Mithridates being besieged by his sonne Pharnaces slew himselfe and Pharnaces was in a moment ouercome by Cesar. Antiochus the great was depriued of the greatest part of Asia whereof he thanked the Romains And the king Prusias cald himselfe their slaue Perseus the last king of Macedonia was ouercome led in triumphe and died in captiuitie and one of his sonnes was the scribe of the magistrates Tigranes king of Armenia prostrated himselfe before Pompey and asking pardon he lifted him vp and put the Diademe on his head which he had throwen downe Ptolemey king of Cypres threw himselfe head-long into the sea knowing that by the instance of Clodius the Tribune Cato was sent thitherto carie away his treasures Syphax Iugurtha and Iuba being great kings in Africke ended vnhappely Sertorius was slaine by treason Marius flying from Rome in extreme danger of his life hid himselfe in the marish about Minturnes and went to sea in a squiffe without victuals to the fortune of the windes and the waues afterwards being returned he died being three score and ten yeares olde and almost mad His sonne slew himselfe at Preneste Sylla died eaten with wormes and lyce Crassus being ouercome beyond Euphrates by the Parthians was slaine as he parlied on safeguard Pompey was beheaded in the shore of Alexandria Cesar

their confidence in them which tourned them vnto euill A COMPARISON OF THE POWER of Alexander the great with that which the Romains had in his time and if hauing conquered Asia he had tourned his forces into Europe what might haue happened by the iudgement of Liuie LIVIE in the ninth booke of his first Decade speaking of PAPIRIVS CVRSOR sayth that in that time being as fertile of vertues as any other there was no man on whom the state of Rome did more depende then on him and which is more they accounted him matchable in courage with Alexander the great if hauing subdued Asia he had tourned his armes into Europe Nothing lesse sayeth he may seeme to haue bin sought from the beginning of this worke then that I shoulde wander farther then appertaineth to the order of thinges and that beautifying the worke with varieties I should recreate the readers with pleasant digressions and giue my minde some rest Yet the mention of so great a King and Capitaine maketh mee set downe here the secrete thoughtes which sometyme haue come into my head as to knowe what had happened to the Romaines if they had made warre against Alexander the great Often times in warre the multitude and valiancy of Souldiours may doe much as also the wisedome of Captaines and fortune which is mighty in all humaine and especially in military affaires Considering these things both seuerally and togither I finde that they made the Romain Empire inuincible against this King as against all other Kings and Nations First beginning by the comparison of Capitaines I denye not that Alexander was an excellent Capitaine but hee is the more renowmed because hee was alone and dyed young vpon the augmentation of his affaires hauing not yet tasted of aduerse fortune not speaking of other Kinges and famous Capitaines that haue ●in notable examples of humaine accidents What made Cyrus so much celebrated by the Gre●ians to fall into the aduersities of contrary fortune but his long life as not long sithende it happened vnto Pompey the great I will not speak of the Romain Captaine● which were at other seasons but of those with whom as being Consuls or Dictatours Alexander had fought namely M. Valerius Coruinus ● Marcus Rutilius C. Sulpitius Titus Manlius Torquatus Qu. Publius Philo Lucius Papirius Cursor Quintus Fabius Maximus and the two Decij Lucius Volumnius Marcus Lucius and other great personages following if he had preferred the Punick warre before the Romain and then being of more yeares had passed into Italie In euery of which there was the same vigour of spirite and mind that was in Alexander and militarie discipline from the beginning of the Citie successiuely deliuered from hand to hand and ordained in forme of an art by the principall precepts thereof Thus did the Kings fight and thus they that draue them away namely the Iunij and Valerij Thus consequently the Fabij Quintij and Cornelij Thus Furius Camillus who being old saw the two yong ones that should haue fought with Alexander To whom also Manlius Torquatus would not haue giuen place if he had met him equally in battaile neither Vaserius Coruinus both of them notable souldiers before they were Captaines Neither would the two Decij haue yeelded any whit vnto him who marching against the enemie disaduowed their bodies and bequeathed them to death Papirius Cursor would not haue yeelded to him with that strength of bodie and courage that was in him And that I may not stand to name euery one this Senate accounted to consist of Kings would not haue suffered it selfe to be supplanted by the counsaile of a yong man And he that so esteemeth it comprehendeth the true forme of the Romain Senate But peraduenture it is to be feared that he would haue pitched his campe better then any of those whom I haue named conuoyed his vittailes conducted his carriages kept himselfe from ambushes chosen the time of fight aranged the battaile and assured himselfe of succours But he should no more haue said that he had met with Darius accompanied with women and Eunuches armed betweene purple and gold effeminated and weakned by the pompe of his fortune rather a pray then an enemie whom he ouercame without bloudshed happie in this that he dared to so good purpose despise such vanities He should haue found Italie much different from India thorough which he went banqueting with his dronken armie when hee should haue heere seene the forrestes of Apulia and the Mountaines of Leucania and the traces or foote-stepps of the ouerthrowe of his auncestours where his vncle Alexander lately king of Epirus had bin ouercome We speak of Alexander not yet plonged in prosperitie wherein he showed himselfe as insolent as euer did any Prince Who if he be considered by the state of his new fortune and by that new minde which he caried after his victories hee had comen into Italie more resembling Darius then Alexander and had brought thither his host not remembring Macedonia any longer and alreadie degenerating into the manners of the Persians It is grieuous to me to recite i●●o great a king the proud changing of his garment and the desired flatteries of those which cast them selues prostrate on the ground before him being not onely ●●k some to the vanquished but also euen to the victorious Macedonians and the shameful punishments and murders of his friends amongst his cuppes and the vanitie of his supposed and fained race And if from that time forward he had become a greater drunkard more ●●u●l and more sodaine in his anger which are vndoubted things amongst those that haue written of him would not these vi●●s haue much endamaged and hindred the Imperiall vertues Is that to be feared which some light persons amongst the Greeks namely fauouring the glorie of the Parthians against the Romain name haue accustomed to say that the people of Rome could neuer haue sustayned the maiestie of the name of Alexander who I think was neuer knowen to them not so much as by ●ame Against whom some in the Citie of Athens whiles they yet beheld before their eies the smoking ruine of Thebes supplanted by the armes of the Macedonians dared in full assemblies to speak freely as appeareth by the writings of their Oratours would none amongst so many Romaine Lords haue spoken freely Let his greatnes be of so great reckoning yet shall it be but the greatnes of a man gotten by the felicitie of little more then ten yeares And they which extoll him for asmuch as the people of Rome hauing not bin ouercome in any warre yet hath had the worst in sundrie battailes and that Alexander had the better in all they do not consider that they compare the acts of one man being yet yong with those of a people which hath alreadie warred for the space of eight hundred yeares Do we then meruaile if on this side be more ages then yeares on the other that fortune hath bin more variable in this long space then in

war hauing taken an other end then was looked for and the chance being tourned to the aduantage and honour of the Romains by their constancy and good counsaile from that time forward for the space of three and fiftye yeres as Polybius saieth they became exceeding strong both by land and by sea commaunding not onely ouer all Italy but also ouer the better part of the world stretching their Empire to the rest of Europe into Asia and into Africke which they made greater then any other that had bin before or hath bin after them increasing in all felicity aboundance which togither with idlenes made the Arts and sciences to come in reputation amongst them as it had before in Greece For after they had vanquished and ouerthrowen the Carthaginians destroied Numantia and razed Corinth to the ground reduced into prouinces the kingdomes of Macedonia Bythinia Suria Pontus Capadocia Numidia Mauritania and Egypt conquered the Spaynes and the Gaules subdued Germanie and great Britaine obtained the Lordship of the sea and Isles thereof there was not found any more sufficient power to resist them then that of the Parthians on the East which seemed to haue parted with them the Empire of the world possessing seuenteene kingdomes In so much that sithence that time both military and politicke discipline was better in Italy then it had bin before in any part of the worlde Eloquence also florished much at Rome and all arts both liberall and mechanicall came almost to their perfection Then liued those great CAPTAINES so much renowmed the two Scipioes the one surnamed of Africke and the other called the Asiaticke Quintus Fabius the great Marcus Marcellus who was desirous to haue saued that ingenious Archimedes life at the siege of Syracusa Paulus Emilius Marius Sylla Pompeius Iulius Caesar ORATOVRS Cethegus M. Cato Censorius Galba Lelius the two Gracchi brethren Carbo Crassus Antonius Hortensius Cicero Caluus Pollio Messala which lost his wit and memory Cornelius Nepos and Fenestella HISTORIANS Pictor Piso Antipater Sisenna Salust Titus Liuius and Trogus Pompeius PHILOSOPHERS and wise men Tubero and Cato STOICKS M. Varro and Nigidius LAWIERS Quintus Scaeuola Seruius Sulpitius Gallus Aquilius Lucius Balbus C. Iuuencius Sextus Papyrius Aulus Offilius Alphenus Varus C. Titius Decius the two Aufidij Pacuuius Flauius Priscus Ginna P. Celius C. Th●bacius and Antistius Labeo COMICAL POETS Liuius Andronicus the first writer amongest the Romains Cecilius Plautus Neuius Licinius Attila Terence Turpilius Trabea Luscus Afranius TRAGICAL Accius Pacuuius Ennius SATYRICAL Lucilius and Horace who was also a LYRICK ELEGIACAL ●uid Tibullus Propertius Catullus Asconius Pedianus a GRAMARIAN Cornelius Gallus Laberius Plotius Valgius Fuscus the two Gisques and Furnias HEROICAL Lucretius Macer Virgil Manilius Iulius Firmicus ASTROLOGERS Antonius Musa a PHYSICION Vitruuius an ARCHITECT Atela a PAINTER The Italian wits alwaies fructifying and increasing til the time of Iulius Caesar and Augustus when as Italy rose to the greatest excelence that it could attaine both in armes in learning and in all workmanships wherehence it fell incontinently Diodorus the Sicilian Strabo of Crete Dyonise the Halicarnassean and Cicero with them do not only celebrate the perfection of their age but foresee also the fall thereof at hande telling howe eloquence being brought from a little and lowe beginning to her soueraigne excellence waxed olde and seemed as if in short time it woulde decay and come to nought as by order of nature it falleth out with all other thinges Horace witnesseth that in his time the Romains were come to the height of fortune and that they did all workes better then the Grecians Seneca writeth that all whatsoeuer Italy may oppose or prefer vnto Greece flourished about the time of Cicero and that all good wits which haue giuen light to Latin letters were borne then Solinus speaking of Augustus saith that his raigne hath bin almost the onely time wherein armes haue ceased and good wits and sciences florished To such authority magnificence state came the Romain Empire whose beginning in deed was small and difficult but yet miraculous as promising some greatnes in time to come And first the generation birth and education of Romulus who by beginning the buildings of the city of Rome laide the first foundation of this estate was meruailous For it is said that his mother lay with the God Mars and it was then beleeued that Hercules was engendred in a long night the day hauing bin withheld and the sun staied cōtrary to the course of nature so was it also beleeued that in the conception of Romulus the sun was eclipsed and that there was a true coniunction of the Sun with the moone when Mars who was a God according to the Pagan credulity coupled with Syluia being a mortal woman and that the same happened againe to Romulus the same day that he departed this life vanishing out of sight when the sunne was in eclypse And then when he and his brother Remus were borne Amulius who had constrained their mother to make her selfe a votarie or Nun and to vow perpetuall chastity shutting her vp within the wood of Mars where she became with child seeing that they were two and meaning to make them die commaunded they should be exposed and cast forth and their mother shut vp close whereof she died But fortune which a far off beheld the birth of so great a city prouided for the two children by means of a kind and gentle seruant who hauing charge to cast them out would not put them to death but laid them on the bank of a riuer ioyning to a faire green meadowe and shadowed with little trees neere vnto a wilde figgtree and then a shee-wolfe which had lately brought forth young ones and had lost them hauing her teats so full of milke that she was readie to burst seeking to ease herselfe came to these children and gaue them sucke as if she had brought foorth a second time in being deliuered of her milke And then the bird which is consecrated to Mars called a hickway or wood-pecker comming thither and approching to them amd with her foote opening gently the childrens mouthes one after another fed them with little crommes of her owne food which being perceiued by the shephearde Faustulus he caried them there hence and brought them vp poorely among his beasts no man knowing who they were neither that they were the children of Syluia and nephewes to Numitor and to the king Amulius And being after this maner brought vp amongest the shephards they became strong and hardy in such sorte that oft times they defended their beasts from being taken of thee●es It fell out that after they had many times done so Remus was taken and accused vnto the king of theft from which he had often kept others and that it was he which set vpon the beastes of Numitor. And then was he deliuered by the king vnto Numitor to take auengement of him or to be recompensed by him for the robberies which he