of Brandenbourg and widow to Christopher the last King of Denmark That Prince having Reigned happily 33. years in Denmark 32. in Norway and 25. in Sweden dyed afterwards A. D. 1482. leaving two sons who succeeded him in this manner John his eldest was King of those three Kingdoms after his Father and gave his brother Frederick the moyety of his Hereditary lands Then having reigned peaceably he dyed A. D. 1513. leaving his son Christian II. to be his Successor That Prince was born A. D. 1481. and married Isabel sister to the Emperor Charles V. by whom he had Dorothy Electoress of Brandenbourg Christina Dutchess of Milan and afterwards of Lorraine and John who dyed bearing arms under the Emperor Charles his Unkle by the Mothers side in the year 1532. Christiern otherwise Christian II. forsook the way of his Father and Grandfather and became so cruel a Tyrant that the Swedes drove him out of their Countrey and placed upon the Throne Gustavus Vasc son to Erick a Swedish Knight A. D. 1523. And nine years after the Danes cast him in prison where he ended his dayes in five more P. Men seem to be of a worse condition then beasts inasmuch as Eagles do not ingender pigeons nor Lions Stags yet Heroical persons rarely beget their like The greatest men are subject to the misfortune of seeing their children unworthy to succeed them But what came to pass after the imprisonment of Christiern G. We will speak in another place of what followed in Sweden In Denmark the Nobility had an honourable memory and high esteem of the virtues of Christian I. and of Iohn wherefore instead of the Tyrant who was prisoner at Sunderbourg they placed Frederick his Unkle by the Fathers side upon the Throne who was very aged and yet he introduced the Doctrine of Luther into Denmark and his own hereditary Principalities That Frederick was the first Duke of Holstein which is held in Fee of the Empire as Schleswick is of Denmark but neither he nor his son Christian III. durst send any body to the Diets fearing they should be but ill used for having assumed the place of a brother-in-law to two Emperors P. It may be those Princes not daring to send their Deputies to the Diets lost the Rank they held there G. Frederick I. of that name King of Denmark was Duke of Holstein before he came to the Crown yet I cannot tell whether he had taken place in the Assemblies of the Empire But to pursue the discourse we have begun that Prince left two sons the elder of whom was King after him by the name of Christian III. and Adolph his younger son Duke of Holstein They had both children from whom all the Princes of this House are descended For Christian was Father to King Frederick II. and to Iohn the younger and Adolph to Iohn Adolph and to Frederick Archbishop of Bremen and Bishop of Lubeck P. I pray draw out this Genealogy a little more at length G. Frederick II. husband to Sophia daughter to Vlrick Duke of Meklebourg had one son and four daughters very worthy of your knowledge For as much as Elizabeth the eldest was married to Henry Iulius Duke of Brunswick Anne to Iames VI. King of Scotland who afterwards got all Great Britain by the death and Testament of Elizabeth Queen of England Augusta to Iohn Adolph Duke of Holstein and Hedwig to Christian II. Elector of Saxony His Son and Successor to the Crown was Christian IV. a great King both in time of peace and war That Prince who admiring the worth of Henry the Great King of France made him his pattern in every thing and had at the least as many sons as he as well Legitimate as Natural But there remains no more of the lawfully begotten then his Successor Frederick III. who hath already many children and may have more P. This King is esteemed throughout all Europe for a knowing Prince and one that sets a value upon good men Let us see the Descendents of Iohn the younger G. That Prince was even goodness it self and God blessed him exceedingly for he had 23. children by Elizabeth Dutchess of Brunswick and Agnes Hedwig Princess of Anhalt his wives Two of those Princes dyed in Hungary one at the illustrious Colledge of Tubing two departed in their infancy and four lived to be married who are fathers of many Lords either residing at Sunderbourg Nortbourg Glugsbourg and Plone or else seeking their fortune in the Wars The daughters were thus married the eldest to a Duke of Lignitz three of the youngest to three Dukes of Pomerania Anne Sabina to a Duke of Wirtemberg Eleonor Sophia to a Prince of Anhalt and Margaret to John Count of Nassau The rest dyed in their Cradle except Eleonor who is still unmarried and leads an exemplary life she is 67. years old yet very lovely for her age and worthy to be visited by Kings for she hath a marvellous way of entertaining those Princes and Ladies that do her the honour to see her And I can assure you I never saw better sweet-meats served any where then at her house nor strangers received with greater civility P. Tell me I pray a little more particularly who are the Descendents of John the younger brother to King Frederick II. G. Alexander his eldest son had six sons whereof the eldest married a Countess of Delmenhorst and at his death left one son and two daughters by her Frederick Philip and Joachim Ernest brethren to Alexander are yet living the first hath three sons and as many daughters the second hath but two sons alive five Princesses married and one to marry the third hath four Princes two whereof have command in the King of Spains service and three Princesses still maids all beautiful and witty and brought up in the School of a Father inferior to none in the Empire for prudence and of a Mother that hath but few equals in all kind of vertues P. Do not forget the Descendents of Adolph younger brother to Christian III. of that name G. Adolph had many sons that dyed young one that was Archbishop of Bremen and John Adolph his eldest married Augusta daughter to Frederick II. King of Denmark These two had issue John Bishop of Lubeck a comely and liberal Prince who dying left his son John Augustus still very young but pretty and exceeding hopeful Frederick this Bishops elder brother hath the moyety of the Dutchies of Schleswick Holstein Stormar and Dithmarsh and takes turns with the King of Denmark in the administration of Justice in having place and voice in the Assemblies of the Empire and in all other Rights of Regality This Prince great in knowledge and magnanimity hath for a partner in his bed and felicity Mary Elizabeth daughter to John George Elector of Saxony by whom he hath still living three sons and five daughters four whereof are married to John Prince of Anhalt Gustavus Adolph Duke of Meklebourg Lewis Landgrave of Darmstadt and Charles Gustavus
King of Bohemia And the younger brethren of the Palatine House who have place in the Assemblies take it immediately after the Secular Electors as the Archdukes do after the Ecclesiasticks Now all the Princes of this House are descended from two Emperors whose Nephews make two principal Branches both very Potent and Illustrious but of different Religions and perchance no very great friends since they that are sprung from Lewis of Bavaria wear the Electoral Cap which belonged to the descendents of the Emperor Robert And that change came to pass because Frederick V. Elector of the Rhine not regarding the Election that was made of Ferdinand of Austria accepted the Crown of Bohemia whereby he kindled those fires and forged those irons that have wasted our Countrey for above 30. years P. I have already heard say that the Bohemians drew upon themselves and us the mischiefs of the last War by the Election they made of two Kings when they had but one Kingdom to bestow Let us therefore pass by those causes of our evils and according to your accustomed method tell me something of the Original of the priviledges of the greatness and of the alliances of this House G. Many Writers fetch the Original of these Princes out of the loines of Charlemagne and follow the Genealogie down from him to those that are living at this day For my part I know not what to think of it and therefore refer my self to real evidence Yet I dare confidently affirm that the House is very ancient and that since the year 1253. in which Otho Witelpachius Count of Shiern married Agnes heiress of the Palatinate and Bavaria this House hath possessed those two great Principalities with the quality of Elector and great Steward of the Empire It hath given two Emperors to Germany one King to Denmark Sweden and Norway joyntly and another to Sweden alone Without counting I know not how many Generals who have commanded armies in Italy Hungary France and England P. At what time did those Princes reign in Germany Denmark and Sweden G. Lewis of Bavaria was chosen Emperor the 18. of October 1314 and having Reigned gloriously 23. years made room for Charles of Luxembourg the IV. of that name who left Wenceslaus his Successor and he by his intolerable negligence forced the Electors to put Robert Elector Palatine into his place a man low of Stature but of so great courage that the Empire could have wished him endued with immortality if that were to be found here below But he dyed the 18. of May 1410. having Reigned ten years And Christopher his granchild was chosen King of Denmark Sweden and Norway in the year 1430. and dyed without heirs 1448. But Charles Gustavus son of John Casimir a younger brother to the Duke of Zweybruck or Deux-ponts Reigns at this present in Sweden with as much glory as any one of his predecessors and hath a son of Hedwig Eleonor daughter to Frederick Duke of Holstein P. This House descending from two Emperors very renowned in History and having so many and such brave Princes at present worth to be Emperors I wish them those Crown they deserve to wear and desire you to toâ— me whether it enjoys more priviledges theâ— the other Electoral Houses G. The Electors have very great priviledges and the Golden Bull otdains for them allâ— general and every one in particular thaâ— no man appeal from their Justice to any otheâ— whatsoever Yet none of them have preserveâ— this Right entire to them but the Electors oâ— Saxony Brandenburg and of the Rhine Theâ— can all together choose an Emperor and depose him when he is lazy and negligent They have right to prescribe a Capitulation to the Emperor when they have chosen him and to oblige him to swear to the observation thereof Moreover they can meet together once every year without asking leave of any one and consult in that Assembly concerning the publick and their own private affairs Besides this Right which relates to the whole Electoral Colledge the Palatine and the Saxon are Vicars of the Empire and as such they can legitimate Bastards as well of great men as of inferior persons create Notaries and Tabellions confer the Benefices which are in the Emperors nomination give Investiture of lands held in Fee except of Dukedoms and of the Principalities which in Germany are called Fansleben because when the Emperor gives them he puts a standard into the hand of him that receives them and which is most considerable the Elector Palatine can redeem what the Emperor hath sold or engaged at the same value for which it was sold or engaged and which is yet more the Emperor may be convented for Debt before this Elector P. The ancient Emperors gave demonstration of a meekness without example in submiting themselves to the justice of one that is a Subject of the Empire G. No man would deal with Soverains if they did not oblige themselves in Civil matters to some way of Justice and in this case the Emperors have been willing that the Elector Palatine should be their Judge But if the Emperor be accused of Mal-administration the judgement thereupon belongs to all the Electoral Colledge in which case the Elector Palatine is Director of the Process and not he of Mentz though he be Dean of the Electoral Colledge P. Certainly this is no small honour to the Palatine House but wherein consists its greatness G. If these Princes did all aim at the benefit advancement and glory of the whole House in generall and if there were no hatred between the Branches Bavaria the upper lower Palatinate the Landgraveship of Leuchtemberg the Lordships of Simmeren of Deux-Ponts of Weldents the Dutchy of Juliers the Archbishopricâ— of Collen the Bishopricks of Liege Hildesheim and Freisinguen which this House possessseth at this time would make it formidable to all its Enemies as well by reason of its vast forces as because it hath three voices in the Electoral Colledge and at the least eight or ten in that of the Princes P. I know that the Elector of Bavaria in the quality of Duke hath the first voice among the Secular Princes that Duke Albert his Unkle hath one as Landgrave of Leuchtemberg that the Palatine of Simmeren hath another and he of Newbourg too and it may be some other younger brethren of the House have voices also for Deux-ponts in like manner as for the Bishopricks of Hildesheim Liege and Freisinguen But tell me something of the alliances of this House G. It is allied to all the great Families not only of the Empire but of Europe The Emperor Ferdinand II. married in the first year of the Century current Mary Anne daughter to William Duke of Bavaria by whom he had issue Mary Anne wife to Maximilian Duke of Bavaria Cecily wife to Vladislaus IV. King of Poland Ferdinand III. Emperor who had for his first wife Mary Infanta of Spain and by her Mary Anne wife to Philip IV. King of
Vicar and the Ecclesiastical Electors have none P. I have heard you say that at the Inauguration and Coronation of the Kings of France the Peers carry the Royal Ornaments do not the Electors do the same at the Coronation of the Emperor G. In those Ceremonies the Elector of Collen did for a long time Crown the Emperor but because the Archbishops of that See have not been Priests for near a hundred years last past he of Mentz performed that Office And at the Inauguration of Ferdinand III. there was a dispute between those two Electors for he of Collen being a Priest at that time desired to recover that honour and he of Mentz pleading the possession of his Predecessors urged that he should be upheld and continued in that Right In conclusion notwithstanding the opposition of the Elector of Collen he of Mentz executed the Office and some believe that he did but preserve a Right which appertained to Mentz before The Diadem of the ancients was certain white Scarfs with which they bound the head of their Kings at this time it is a Crown which the Golden Bull calls Infula It belongs to the King of Bohemia to carry that as the bearing of the Ball to the Elector of Bavaria of the Sword to the Saxon and of the Sceptre to the Brandenburger The Imperial cloak is richly set with pretious stones and is fastned together with a golden buckle over the breast P. Your mentioning of the Crown makes me call to mind that which some write that the Emperor is Crowned at Aix with an Iron Crown at Milan with one of Silver and at Rome with one of Gold G. Charlemagnes Crown which is set upon the head of the Emperors at Aix is of pure Gold what ever you have read of it but it shews by its lightness that the Princes of that time were not profuse in their expenses And as for the rest the Emperors go no more to seek a Crown at Milan nor at Rome P. The Majesty of the Emperor is as a Sea without a Shore a boundless subject whereof a man cannot sufficiently discourse but all that is said of it seems little in comparison of what remains to be said Nevertheless seeing it was not our design particularly to cull out all that makes the Head of the Empire so admirable tell me what power the Electors give him and then we will pass on to the consideration of the Members G. The Electors do not give the Emperor the power he hath for that power is inseparably annexed to the Imperial dignity But they make choice of a Prince they declare him worthy of Majesty they give him the Scepter they set him upon the Throne and salute him Emperor From this dignity proceeds the right of making Universal Laws of creating Kings Electors Archdukes Dukes Marquisses Landgraves Counts Barons Gentlemen and of depriving them of that honor when they behave themselves unworthily For he that can give a dignity can likewise take it away He can also make Notaries Tabellions and Doctors nay erect Universities where men that deserve it may be declared created and made Doctors He can legitimate Bastards restore to honor give the benefit of age erect Parliaments and other Courts of Justice judge without Appeal and give Investiture to such as hold great Territories in Fee of the Empire He hath power of life and death can give safe-guards set up Posts and raise ordinary Burroughs into the rank and degree of Cities P. Cannot the Emperor declare War and make peace also G. For the declaring of War he must have the consent of the Estates who heretofore might refuse to aid him with men and money The power of making peace is of the same nature and it is out of question that the Emperor cannot conclude it alone when the whole Empire is concerned For then all the Estates having interest therein it is probable that they ought to give their consent thereunto as they did at the last which was concluded at Munster and confirmed at Nuremberg P. I cannot perswade my self that the Emperor hath more power to make Universal Laws and erect Parliaments then he hath to declare War and make peace G. It is true that the Laws which oblige all Germany to their observation are made in the general Assemblies and that Justice is administred in such place and by such persons as the Emperor and the Estates appoint But the single approbation of the Emperor gives the name and force of an Universal Law to the determinations and results of the Estates of the Empire as he also impowers the Judges and Assessors of Courts to administer Justice For which cause it may be said that the Emperor makes Laws and establisheth Parliaments The end of the Second Dialogue Dialogue III. Of the Estates of the Empire in general And in particular Of the Austrian and Electoral Houses P. THe discourse concerning the Head of the Empire having held us longer then I expected I shall pass more lightly over the consideration of the Members Touching whom it seems necessary to me that you speak separately of the Secular and the Ecclesiastical Lords of the Gentlemen and the Imperial Cities After which I shall entreat you to add a word concerning the Universities the Chambers or Courts of Justice and concerning Tournaments So then though we have said something of the Electoral dignity I shall not forbear to ask you what I think requisite for me to know of every Family in particular G. I shall willingly hear your demands and satisfie them as well as I am able Only I beseech you to observe some order therein that I may answer you with less difficulty and you understand me with more ease P. I shall do what you prescribe as punctually as possibly I can And to begin I desire you to tell me who they are whom in Germany we call The Estates of the Empire G. All they who are registred in the Matriculation-roll and assist the Emperor with their counsel in publick Assemblies and with their purse in his necessities according to the diversity of times and the custom of Germany are the Estates of the Empire And whosoever is not Matriculated and contributes not to the necessities of the Empire is not in the number of the Estates though he be immediately subject to the Empire P. What advantage have the Estates of the Empire above other Germans G. All the Estates of the Empire having voice in the general Assemblies where those Laws are made that oblige all Germany to their observation may also oppose any thing that may be to their prejudice further any thing that is for their interest take order that they be not oppressed and concur to the establishment of such Laws as they ought to observe Wherein they have far greater advantage then others who are forced to submit unto Laws made without them which they neither had power to contradict nor are so much as called to approve P. Are there many that
Spain On the other side Maximilian Duke of Bavaria son of William and of Renata of Lorraine left a son who in the year 1650. married Adelaïs daughter to Victor Amedeus Duke of Savoy and to Christina of France who is allied by consanguinity to all the greatest Kings and Princes in Christendom P. These are indeed very great Alliances G. But this is not all Frederick V. Elector Palatine in the year 1613. married Elizabeth daughter of James King of great Britain and by reason of her the House became allied to the Kings of England and Denmark Philip Lewis his brother in the year 1631. married Mary Eleonor daughter to Joachim Frederick Elector of Brandenbourg and his sister Elizabeth Charlotta was given in marriage to George William Elector of Brandenbourg July 14. 1626. Philip William Duke of Newbourg his first wife was Anne Catherine daughter to Sigismond King of Poland and John Casimir was the worthy husband of Catherine daughter to Charles and mother to Charles Gustavus King of Sweden From whence it may easily be seen that few Houses in Europe are better allied then this which besides what we have newly mentioned is of kin to the Houses of Hesse Gonzaga Bourbon Nassau Saxony Juliers Wirtemberg Rohan and many others P. Is not this Elector Palatine Charles Lewis married G. I forgot to tell you that this Prince who at least equals if he doth not go beyond all his Ancestors in Prudence and Magnaniâ—â—ty hath taken to wife Charlotta the worth daughter of the incomparable Amelia Elizabeth Landgravess of Hess which is sufficienâ— to say that he could not have made a betteâ— choice Edward this Electors brother marâ—â—ed Anne daughter to Charles Duke of Mantâ— and Neuers and Henrietta their sister dye a little after she was married to the Princeâ— Transylvania His other brethren and sisteâ— are yet to marry Robert and Maurice havâ— given proof of their ability and courage upoâ— occasions almost without number and thâ— Princesses Elizabeth Loüyse and Sophia havâ— made skilful masters confess that the Sciencâ— have nothing so sublime nor Picture-drawiâ—â— any thing so marvellous but the wit and hauâ— of these Ladies have been able to reach it P. I hope you will make me a long reciâ—â— of the Genealogies of great persons and theâ— you will not omit these Alliances and these â—â—lustrious Princes and Ladies But that it may bâ— done with the less trouble I shall be conteâ—â— to hear you discourse it at your leisure Leâ— us pass if you please into Saxony and do 〈◊〉 the favour to tell me what you know of theâ—â— Electoral House G. There is not any House in Europe moâ—â— glorious then that of Saxony It restored the honour of the Empire after the race of Charlemagne had lost its first vigour and under oâ—â— Henry and three Otho's it confirmed the Imperial dignity unto Germany it conquered many enemies gave Princes to Savoy and if it be true that Hugh Capet was descended from this House it hath likewise furnished France with their Kings P. Do not the Kings of Denmark also come from Witikind of Saxony G. It is said that the Counts of Oldenbourg are a branch of this great Stock and it is most certain that after the death of Christopher III. the Danes would have chosen Adolph Duke of Schleswick who would not accept of the Crown in regard of his great age declaring that such an honour would be better placed upon the person of Christian Count of Oldenbourg his grandchild and heir apparent The Danes taking this counsel and admiring the generosity of him that gave it chose Christian the first of that name whose posterity Reigns at this day in Denmark Norway Schleswick Holstein Stormar and Dithmarsh P. We will take another time to speak of the Kings of France and Denmark and of the Dukes of Savoy It will be sufficient for the present to inform me when the Electoral Cap was first brought into this House into how many branches it is divided how many voices it hath in the Diets and what are its principal forces and alliances G. The Emperor Sigismond knowing the merit of Frederick the Warlike Marquiss oâ— Misnia and the obligation that the Empire had to his Predecessors charged Eric V. of the House of Saxon-Lawembourg for having lapsâ—â— his due time of demanding the Investiture of the Electorship which his Ancestors had possessed ever since the year 1180. and transfored the same upon the forenamed Frederick oâ— Twelfth-day 1423. Since that time this House hath without interruption possessed the Electoral dignity with the Dutchy of Saxony thâ— Marquisate of Misnia the Landgraveship oâ— Thuringia And by a further accumulation oâ— good fortune it inherited the Principality oâ— Henneberg nay since the last War of Boheâ—â— the Emperor gave the upper and lower Lusaiâ— to Iohn George Elector of this House who diâ—ed the 8. of October 1656. and was interred thâ— 4. of February 1657. with more then Regâ—â—pomp there being 3500. persons in mourâ—ing and 24. Horses of State covered with black and the Electoral Escutcheon embroidered thereon every one of them led by two Gentlemen P. In a late discourse concerning the valiant actions of Duke Bernard Weymar it was sail that he loved not the House of Austria because it took the Electoral dignity from thâ—â— branch G. It is true that Iohn Frederick furnamed the Magnanimous having taken arms for the liberty of Religion was deprived of his dignity by the Emperor Charles V. who took him prisoner near Wirtemberg and gave the Electorate to Maurice in the year 1547. Thus passed this dignity into another branch and the elder became younger brethren For this cause there was but little confidence and kindness between the Princes of this House But as there is no grief which is not diminished by length of time even so the bitterness between these Princes hath been sweetned and they seem to be entirely reconciled For Frederick William Duke of Altembourg took for his second wife Magdalen Sibylla daughter to Iohn George the Elector last deceased and Maurice son to the same Elector hath married Dorothy Mary daughter to William Duke Weymar eldest son of that matchless Bernard whose praises you have heard P. For so much as I perceive this House is divided into many branches G. Not counting the Kings of France and Denmark and the Dukes of Savoy who are the illustrious Ciens that sprung out of this great Tree the Electoral House of Saxony is divided into two principal branches in each whereof there have been six Electors The last of the first branch lost the Electoral dignity because he was unsuccesful in making War for the liberty of Germany against Charles V. and the first of the second branch left the Electoral Cap unto his brother and his posterity for having happily taken and born arms in favour of his Countrey against the same Emperor P. I pray make this business out a little clearer to me G. Frederick III. of that name Elector
oâ— Saxony having taken Doctor Luther under hâ— protection left both his dignity and zeal entailed upon his son Iohn the Constant whâ— likewise transmitted them both to Iohn Frederick surnamed the Magnanimous Now it camâ— to pass that Charles V. moved with a zeal foâ— the Catholick Religion endeavoured to makâ— the Protestants submit to the doctrine of Rome which Iohn Frederick Duke of Saxony vigâ— rously opposed But on the other side Masrice son to Henry the Pious Cousin to this Elctor desiring to fish in troubled water anâ— do his own business took part with the Emperor and while that War lasted taking thâ— advantage of Iohn Fredericks absence entre-upon some of his Forts and Castles For which cause the Elector retreated out of Sueâ—ben and came to succour his own Territonâ— The Emperor pursued him beat him took him prisoner and stript him of his Electorship with which he invested Maurice Not long after a fear was awakened in Maurice his mind lest Germany might lose its liberty and the Protestants their Religion whereupon he asked leave of Philip Landgrave of Hesse and though he could not obtain it yet he made himself Head of a Confederacy which forced the Emperor to an accommodation of greater advantage to the Lutherans A little after Maurice died of the wounds he had received in a battel fought between him and Albert Marquiss of Brandenbourg This Prince was succeeded in the Electorship by Augustus his brother who having reigned till the first of October 1585. left the Electoral Cap to Christian I. Father to Christian II. and Iohn George the first of that name who died in the year 1656. and was succeeded by his eldest son P. So the Descendents of Iohn Frederick the Magnanimous lost the Electorship for his undertaking the defense of the Lutheran Religion G. So it was indeed and that Prince is so much the more to be admired that during his imprisonment and after he had lost all he exhorted every man to constancy and opened his purse liberally towards the relief of those that were persecuted for matter of Religion This great personage coming out of his captivity which had continued five years received his lands again which his Successors possess at this day and among others left two sons the elder of whom called by his Fathers name Iohn Frederick having entertained some Rebels in his Fortress of Gotta was besieged there taken and deprived of his estate which yet was restored to Iohn Casimir and Iohn Ernest his children The younger of the foresaid Electoâ— children called Iohn William bare arms for the assistance of Henry II. King of France and afterwards retired to Weymar where he married Dorothy Susan daughter to Frederick Ill. Elector Palatine by whom he had two sons from the elder of which comes Frederick William who resides at Altembourg and from the younger the Dukes of Weymar and Gotta are descended who are the only survivors of teâ— children that he had of whom the undaunted Bernard was the youngest P. I have heard say there is some dispute for precedency between the Duke of Altembourg and those of Weymar and Gotta his Cousins G. In this point there is no regard had to the proximity of blood because there is no yielding in part without losing all However this dispute was determined upon these terms That Duke Frederick William should precede as long as he lived and after his death the most aged should have that preference without respect had to any thing else For in the House of Saxony there being no right of Eldership all the Princes are equal and amongst persons of equal condition age only gives the precedency And it is to be understood that there is no regard had to the right of primogeniture but inasmuch as it concerns the Electorship in which case the nearest kinsman inherits it P. Iohn Casimir and Iohn Ernest sons of Iohn Frederick II. of that name who as you have mentioned above was kept prisoner in the Fortress of Gotta did they leave no children G. No and their Principalities were divided among their Cousins So as Duke Frederick William had the Dutchy of Cobourg and those of Weymar Gotta had that of Eiscnach By means whereof they are all well enough but as it is the custome of these Princes to share their lands equally the lots may chance to become very little for William Duke of Weymar hath four sons and Ernest residing at Gotta seven P. I perceive then that the Descendents of the Elector Iohn Frederick are divided into three branches and after the death of their Fathers they will be sub-divided into three times as many The Nephews of the Elector Augustus will do no less since they are four and likely to have more children I would willingly know out of what Houses they took their wives and what every one of them obtained for his part after the death of the Father G. Iohn George Elector of Saxony Father of another Iohn George and of Augustus Christian and Maurice died in the year 1656. and bequeathed by his last Will to Augustus Administrator of Magdebourg twelve Bailywicks about Hall and in Thuringia to Christian the Diocese of Marsbourg and some lands in Fordland Voidland and in the Mountains to Maurice besides the Dioceses of Naumbourg and Zeitz all that his Electoral Highness pretended to in the Principality of Henneberg and to Iohn George who is Elector besides the lands inseparable from the Electoral dignity he gave the upper and lower Lusatia with some Bailywicks about Dresden Ordering likewise that every one of these Princes should equally participate of the ready money Artillery and the Utensils and equipage of Hunting which he left P. Questionless those Princes must have found a vast Treasure for that Elector caused much money to be coined and so locked it up that very little of it was seen abroad Tell me now something of the marriage of these Princes and of their Sisters G. The Sisters of these Princes are still living and the eldest is married to George Landgrave of Hesse Darmstadt the second to Frederick Duke of Holstein and the youngest to Frederick William Duke of Altembourg The Elector was married the 13. of November 1638. to Magdelen Sibyll daughter to Christian Marquiss of Brandenbourg and hath had one son by her of his own name born the 20. of June 1647. Augustus took to wife November 23. 1647. Anne Mary daughter to Adolph Frederick Duke of Meklebourg and hath three sons by her Christian and Maurice were married upon the same day the first to Christina and the second to Sophia Hedwig sisters and daughters to Philip Duke of Holstein by whom Christian hath two sons and one daughter and his brother hath had children but they are dead as is the Mother also These are all the Princes of Saxony who have their habitations at Dresden at Hall at Marsbourg and at Naumbourg that is all the Descendents of the Elector Augustus They of the other Line which
to me and I believe as you do that Religion and the State do mutually support one the other But do not forget to tell me something of the beginning progress priviledges immunities and alliances of the House of Brandenbourg of which you have begun to speak already G. All they that discourse of this House make it the Head or a Member of the Colonna's of Rome As for me who cannot be perswaded that the great Houses of Germany came out of Italy but on the contrary following the judgement of Thomas Lansius hold it for certain that many great Families of Italy came out of Germany since the time of Charles the great I am of their opinion who would make Peter Colonna that built the strong Castle of Zolleren from which the first Counts of this Family took their name to descend from the ancient Guelphes that is from the Dukes of Brunswick which being so this House gives place to never a one in the Empire for greatness of Origin P. They that pretend to honor our Houses of Germany by fetching them either out of the Trojan horse or the ruines of Rome do not know that the Ancient Germans are of more worth then the fugitive Trojans and the effeminate Romans But I am of your opinion and desire only to be informed how these Lords acquired the honors and estates which they possess G. The Emperor Rodolph of Habspourg being desirous to give some testimony of the value he put upon his nephew Frederick Count of Hohenzolleren made him Burgrave of Nuremberg in the year 1273. and 156. years after upon the 18. of April the Emperor Sigismond raised Frederick V. Burgrave of Nuremberg to the Electoral dignity to recompense him for the acceptable services he had done in the War of Behemia and Hungary So the Princes of Anhalt who had obtained that Electorship by the favor of the Emperor Conrade the III. of that name in the year 1152. lost it by incurring the displeasure of the Emperor Sigismond Some while after certain differâ—ces arising between the Houses of Brandenbâ—â—â— and Pomerania they fell to open hostility aâ—â— at last to an agreement expresly declaring Thâ—â— in case the House of Pomerania hapned to 〈◊〉 the Marquisses of Brandenbourg should possâ—â— the Principalities that belonged to it and â—â—bert of Brandenbourg from great Master of 〈◊〉 Knights Marianites as he was making himself absolute Prince of Prassia received the â—â—vestiture thereof from the King of Polâ—â— The Dutchies of Iuliers Cleve and Berg wâ—â—â— the Counties of the Mark and Ravensbourg were divided between the Elector Iohn Sigâ—â—mond and Wolfgang William Duke of Newbourg some time after the War which thoâ— Principalities occasioned in the year 1610. As for that which this House possesses in Franâ—â—nia it is their ancient patrimony P. Why did not the Elector of Brandenboâ—â—â— take possession of Pomerania as soon as thâ—â— House was totally extinct G. The Elector neglected not his Right aâ—â— would willingly have taken possession of thâ—â— great Principality if it had not been in the hands of the Swedes But the Crown of Sâ—â—den being victorious in Germany and desirouâ— to keep sooting there would not hearken 〈◊〉 any peace but upon condition of leaving this Maritime Province to them it lying very conveniently for them Therefore as Conqueroâ—â— use to give the Law the Swedes kept the choicest of this Province and left the doctrine of Calvin with a part of Pomerania unto this Elector who by way of recompense for his loss obtained the Bishopricks of Halberstad and Minden and the expectance or reversion of the Archbishoprick of Magdebourg converted into Principalities P. I wonder why they should give this Elector three Principalities for the moyety of one and why the Archbishoprick of Magdebourg was not delivered into his hands immediately after the Peace as well as those two other Bishopricks G. I do not think the Lower Pomerania which the Elector hath quitted to the Swedes yields so good a revenue as the Principalities of Magdebourg Halberstad and Minden Nevertheless I am perswaded this Elector would rather have had that part of Pomerania then the three Principalities which he received in lieu of it by reason of the Sea-force he had thereby gotten and the inconvenience of having a potent Neighbour that keeps him in perpetual jealousie And therefore the States of the Empire having regard to those considerations have given him voices in the Assemblie as Duke of Pomerania and of Magdebourg and as Prince of Halberstad and of Minden Now because heretofore the Archbishops of Magdebourg and Bremen took their turns in the Direction of the Circle of Lower Saxony this Elector doth in like manner alternate at this day with the King of Sweden in the same quality As to your other scruple why the Dutchy of Madgebourg was not presently put into his hands you ought to remember that Augustus youngest son of the Elector of Saxony being in possession of it it was not thought meet to dispossess him thereof so long as he lived P. The Gazette hath often made mention of the difference between the Houses of Brandenbourg and Newbourg for the Dutchies of Juliers Cleve and Berg yet I could never learn the ground of it Do me the favour to tell me from whence that contest proceeds G. You are entring into a Labyrinth out of which Ariadne's clew will not bring us back if we pass further on Let it content you then if you please to know that all the Dukes of Saxony many Princes Palatine and amongst others the King of Sweden bear the name and Armes of those Principalities and that it is to be feared they may one day kindle a flame to consume a good part of the Empire Franskiâ—â— Chancellor of Gotta hath made a long narration of this matter in his Treatise of diverse Resolutions to whom I refer you It is sufficient for you at the present to learn that if the Fief follow the Males and that the daughters neither can nor ought to inherit the same the Dukes of Saxony have a better right to it then any other person because they obtained the survivorship of the House of Juliers in recompense of the services which Albert the Couragious did the Emperor and the Empire against Matthias Corvin King of Hungary who molested Austria and against Charles the Brave Duke of Burgundy who had laid siege to Neus and laboured to bring all the Archbishoprick of Collen under his Jurisdiction This grant was made to Albert by the Emperor Frederick III. June 16. 1483. and afterwards confirmed and amplified in the person and posterity of Ernest Duke of Saxony by Maximilian King of the Romans September 18. 1486. and by him again after he was Emperor in the year 1495. But in case it be supposed that Females may inherit those Fiefs it will be then demanded whether this Priviledge which was granted to Mary only daughter to William Duke of Juliers ought to be extended unto Mary Eleonor her daughter and to
the Marquis of Brandenbourg and his Successors or rather to Anne only Niece to the said Mary Eleonor excluding Magdalen wife to John Duke of Deux-ponts and Sibyll Marchioness of Burgon her sisters daughters to William and sisters to John William the last of that Family Duke of Juliers and Cleve who received the same priviledge from the Emperor Charles V. in the year 1546. P. It is then the inheritance of John William Duke of Juliers which served for a pretense to the vast preparation that Henry IV. King of France made when he was unfortunately assassinated which hath already occasioned some misunderstandings between the Houses of Brandenbourg and Newbourg and which may yet cause greater But let us leave these intricacies to be disentangled by those that are concerned and take a further view of the immunities priviledges and Alliances of the House of Brandenbourg G. The Golden Bull which hath in all things been exceeding liberal and free of the graces of the Empire towards the Electors grants them all in general and every one in particular Soverain Justice Some say that these Electors not regarding this priviledge so much as they ought carelesly lost it and having been depriv'd of it may years at last the Elector Joachim Frederick got himself repossessed of this Right by the Emperor Rodâ—â—ph II. For my part I am of another opinion and think with the greater number of Writers that they alwayes preserved and enjoyed it As for the order of place observed in Assemblies this Elector is the last but one since the creation of the eighth Electorship We have already said that he hath many voices and the younger brethren of his House to wit the Marquisses of Culembach and of Anspach have each of them one but no right to give a definitive judgement in their Subjects causes if the sum exceed 400. Florins of the Rhine P. I would gladly know whether there be many Princes of this House G. At the time I now write there are three married and three children The Elector Frederick William son to George William and Elizabeth Charlotta Princess Electoral Palatine after long hopes of marrying the matchless Christina Queen of Sweden who hath since declared that she will dy a Maid was married December 7. 1646. to Loâ—yse of Nassau daughter to the great Town-taker Frederick Henry Prince of Orange by whom he hath a son called Charles Amelius who was born February 2. 1655. and another named N. N. born 1657. The Electoral Branch doth at this time consist of these three Princes The Marquisses of Culembach and Barheit are Christian Ernest son to Herman Augustus and Sophia daughter to Joachim Ernest also Marquiss of Brandenbourg This young Prince was born July 27. 1644. and George Albert his Unkle born in 1619. married Mary Elizabeth daughter to Philip Duke of Holstein in the year 1651. The third Branch which resides at Anspach hath been long in fear of ending without issue Male there being none but Albert son to Joachim Ernest and to Sophia Countess of Solmes who in her â—ife time had but few her equals in vertue and beauty This Prince endued with piety as well as magnanimity was born September 28. 1620. and in 1642. married Henrietta Loüyse daughter to Lewis Frederick Duke of Wirtemberg by whom he had only two daughters But that Princess being gone to receive in Heaven the Crown which her vertues merited upon earth this Lord hath taken for his second wise Sophia Margaret daughter to Joachim Ernest Count of Ottinguen And by this Lady who is a Phenix in beauty courage and liberality he had a son October 8. 1655. and is at this time in hopes of having many more Which I wish he may and pray God that imitating their Ancestors they may be as so many German Achilles and Alcibiades P. Have these Princes any good Forts full Magazins and wherewithal to bring Armies into the field G. The Elector hath at this present very considerable forces in Prussia where he takes part with the King of Sweden and he is of so high esteem by the means he hath to help and to harm that he is courted on all hands His Forts are exceeding well maintained and as well provided Custrin hath never been taken Pillaw and Memel make him redoubted in Prussia Colberg in Pomerania Drisen in the Mark and Landsperg upon the Vard His Cousins of Culembach and Anspach have their sure retreats at Blassembourg and Melspourg And forasmuch as Princes strike their enemies more smartly with the head then with the hand the Elector and the Marquis of Anspach are as much to be feared for their prudence as for their valour The end of the third Dialogue Dialogue IIII. Of the Secular Princes of the Empire P. If you be so particular in describing the Origin progress and Alliances of the Princes as you have been in those of the Electors it will be long before we get out of Germany G. The desire I have to see you speedily comprehend the manners strength and Laws of other well governed Nations in Europe will quicken me to pass as lightly as may be over the consideration of the Princes of the Empire We must nevertheless speak of all those that have place in the Assemblies P. I am content you should do so but your undertaking will carry you out of Germany or into a tedions repetition for the King of Sweden the Elector of Brandenbourg and many Princes of his and other Electoral Houses whereof you have already made mention are in the number of those who have place in the Diets of the Empire G. Having elsewhere said that this King and some younger brethren of Electoral Houses have voices in the general Assemblies I shall not repeat it here and shall speak of the Duke of Lorraine in another place because his Estate is at present in the most Christian Kings hands P. By that means you will very much shorten this discourse and yet not lose the opportunity of entertaining me with the commemoration of that House wherein Valour Affability and modesty seem to be natural G. Since there is nothing more dear to me then to give you content I shall willingly omit all other matters to discourse upon the Houses of Brunswick Meklebourg Wirtemberg Hesse Baden Holstein Saxon-Lawembourg Anhalt Hohenzolleren Aremberg Henneberg and Eastfriseland And having considered them one after another I will pass to the Ecclesiastical Princes the Prelates the Counts and the Barons But before I enter upon this Theme I beseech you to consider that the King of Sweden being a Member of the Empire may very much contribute to the preservation of its Liberty and the maintenance of the Protestant Religion P. The French accuse the Spaniards for aiming at the Universal Monarchy and on the other side the Spaniards say that the French seek for an opportunity to seize upon the Empire If it were so methinks the King of Sweden might disappoint the designs of those Monarchs G. All Princes know that
loss of all Emanuel Duke of Savoye who had no equal in courage and but few in prudence having a little slackned the Maximes of his accustomed Politicks saw himself almost totally ruined and Duke Charles of Lorraine is still out of his Countrey for having justled against that party that was able to fall foulest upon him So that Frontier Provinces stand in need of Princes endued with an extraordinary vertue and an unparalleled vigilance otherwise they rather bring bring harm then advantage P. The present Princes of Brunswick and Lunebourg are so great personages that I make no question but they use a Policy worthy of themselves Tell me something of their Alliances G. All the Houses of Germany have great relations but one shall find few of them like this that hath had in marriage seven daughters of Kings one of an Emperor and four Electoral Princesses It hath also bestowed three of its Princesses upon Kings one upon an Archduke many upon Electors and far more upon other Princes of the Empire It hath likewise had in marriage Palatine Princesses Dutchesses of Brabant Saxony Cleve Pomerania Meklebourg Wirtemberg Saxon-Lawembourg and Berg Marchionesses of Brandenbourg Landgravesses of Hesse and in a word daughters of all the illustrious Houses of the Empire P. I think this whole Family is of the Protestant Religion G. When Duke Julius took the government upon him he spent three years in the Reformation of his Countrey and being assisted by the care and knowledge of Doctor James Andrew Chancellor of the University of Tubing brought his design to such perfection in the year 1570. that it continues in vigour to this day and learning in the highest ascendent by the diligence of the Professors which these Princes maintain in their University of Helmestad All this Family follows the doctrine of Luther except Iohn Frederick who was born April 25. 1625. and embracing the Roman-Catholick Religion in the year 1650. solaces himself at this time in Italy P. Hath this Prince many brethren G. The whole branch of Luntbourg consists of four young Lords of whom Ernest Augustus is designed for the Bishoprick of Osnabruâ— Iohn Frederick may arrive to eminent preferment in the Church if he engage not in marriage George William shall be setled at Haâ—vick and Christian Lewis their eldest brother hath married Dorothy daughter to Philip Duke of Holstein This Prince who resides at Cel is obliged to pay to each of his younger brethren 12000. Rix-dollars yearly and much more to the youngest Sophia Amelia their sister is married to Frederick III. King of Denmark and their Mother Anne Eleonor daughter to Lewis Landgrave of Darmstadt is yet living P. Pass on if you please to the branch of Brunswick G. The Head of this branch is Augustus the most knowing Prince of Europe He hath but three sons of whom Rodolph Augustus the eldest hath married Christina Countess of Barby as Antony Vlrick hath done Iuliana Dutchess of Holstein but Ferdinand Albert is a Batchelor So that these two Houses are almost equal in number of Princes as well as in extent of Territory P. I have oftentimes heard mention of the marvellous knowledge of that Duke Augustus and of the Books he hath published and the judgement which I have heard made thereupon obliges me to ask you whether it be necessary that a Prince be learned G. There is no doubt to be made but that Sciences do enhance and adorn the Titles and Souls of Princes as diadems do their heads and jewels their Crowns And although this quality be very rare yet it is necessary to those that would rule happily and gloriously Solomon Alexander the Great Ptolomee Iulius Cesar Augustus the two Antonines and Charlemagne had never attained to so great renown if they had not associated Letters with the sword and learning with valour Wisdom and Knowledge are such Royal endowments that the greatest men do not think any State happy if the Prince be not Wise and Knowing P. Since we are occasionally fallen upon this discourse tell me what Science Princes ought to learn G. The first and most necessary Philosophy of a Prince is to know how to do justice to his People and defend them from their enemies And to that end I think he should study to understand those persons that are able to serve him well and not to neglect the Mathematicks which teach him both to besiege and fortifie places as he ought to form Battalions and batteries to entrench a Camp and to take his advantage As to other things I do not desire that a Prince should spend his time upon Logical notions nor that he should like a Pedant be evermore bringing out some verse of Horace It is sufficient that he be ready in Sacred and Prophane History that he take a delight in Books and consult the dead to learn of them what none of the living dare tell him P. Then you do not believe it requisite for a Prince to be as skilful in Natural Philosophy as Bajazet in Astronomy as Alphonsus King of Aragon nor in Languages as the Emperor Frederick II. was G. It is as great a fault to aim at knowing too much as to learn nothing at all The Prince that hath studied too much despiseth his Counsellors and will fetch all his counsels out of his own head and he that hath learnt nothing is not capable to make choice of the best advices He that would oblige a great Lord to make himself as perfect in the Sciences as they that make it their profession deserves no less blame then if he should forbid him to learn above three words of Latine Learn then to express your mind in good terms read such books as may teach you to know the condition of your friends and of your adversaries be well instructed in truly Christian Politicks let it be your care distinctly to know those that love the publick Interest honor them with such offices as they deserve and leave the rest to your servants P. This subject leads us out of our way I pray let us recover it And since we have said something already of the Dukes of Pomerania that take their turns with the Houses of Meklebourg Wirtemberg Hesse and Baden let us take a view of these four one after the other G. The House of Meklebourg is derived from the Vandal Princes who joyning with the Goths struck terror heretofore into the Roman Eagles and bore their victorious arms in Italy Gaule and Spain P. Do not you believe that Bucephalus his head which they carry in their Escutcheon is not a sure mark that they are descended of one of Alexander the Greats Generals G. Genealogies that are so far fetcht relish more of the Romance then of History and Writers that insist upon such Fables do injury to ancient Houses For my part I think it better to confess my self ignorant from whence a Family draws its beginning then to make even the most credulous to question what is said of it
and freely acknowledging that I do not know whether these Princes be descended from a General of that incomparable Conqueror of Asia I do know that they are of the most Illustrious and most Ancient personages in Germany P. If I be not mistaken the Emperor Charles IV. admitted Albert and John Dukes of Meklebourg sons to Henry Leo Prince of the Vandals amongst the Princes of the Empire G. Charles IV. receiving those Lords into the number of the Estates of the Empire did not give them the quality of Prince which they had before but only brought them under the protection of the Empire by making them Members thereof upon condition they should be subject to its Laws and contribute to its necessities and so enjoy the same priviledges which other Lords of their degree and quality did P. In the time of the last Wars the Emperor made those Princes feel the weight of his indignation giving their lands to Wallestein a Gentleman of Silesia who by a strange ingratitude and a devillish ambition endeavouring to seat himself upon the Throne of Bohemia and dispossess his Master of it came to a miserable end G. The lamentable death of the Duke of Fridland gives us to understand that Kings have long arms and that no man ought to abuse their favors nor follow the motions which an undaunted courage and an inordinate ambition inspires The Duke of Biron and the Earl of Essex had such like designs and as Tragical Catastrophes As to the Dukes of Meklebourg I am to tell you that the greatest part of the Potentates in Germany have felt the smart of Mars his rods and these Princes as much as any other having seen a great Captain indeed and a renowned Souldier but unworthy of their degree bear the name and Arms of their Principality Nevertheless they re-entred into it by the vertue of the Great Gustavus their Cousin-German and though the conclusion of the Peace took Wismar from them yet it gave them in exchange the Bishopricks of Ratzebourg and Suerin turned into Principalities So as they have lost nothing if they do not prefer the convenience of that Haven and its Fort before twice its Revenue P. I did not know that these Princes were so near of kin to the late King of Sweden G. The Great Gustavus and these Dukes were sons of two sisters daughters to Adolph Duke of Holstein which proximity of blood moved that Heroical Prince to embrace their interest So after the Battel of Leipsick he turned his victorious arms towards the Dutchy of Meklebourg and re-placed these Princes there June 25. 1631. Three years after these Lords were reconciled to the Emperor and at this time live in peace divided into two branches the Chiefs whereof make their residence at Suerin and at Gustron P. Have these two Branches equal shares of the Estate G. They have each of them a moyety of the Dutchy and in regard thereof a seat and voice in the Assemblies But Adolph Frederick hath eight sons and six daughters and Gustavus Adolph who is Head of the other Branch had no body to participate with him being aâ— only son This latter who resides at Gustron iâ— of great spirit knowing courteous affable and generous He married Magdalen Sibyll daughter to Frederick the present Duke of Holstein and hath one son by her The children of Adolph Frederick who resides at Sâ—â—nin are all well made and qualified both in body and mind Christian the eldest hath married his Cousin Christina Margaret daughter to Iohn Albert Duke of Meklebourg And Anne Mary youngest of the daughters is the worthy Consort of Augustus Duke of Saxony son to the Elector Iohn George I. All the rest are still to be married and all worthy of Kings as well for their inward as their outward beauty These Princes have all conjunctly one University at Rostoch which was established there in the year 1419 by Iohn and Albert first Dukes of this House P. I should willingly desire a more particular recital of the Alliances of this House but fearing to be too troublesome to you I shall forbear that and intreat you to tell me something concerning that of Wirtemberg G. I shall not proceed any further till I have acquainted you that the House of Meklebourg hath had in marriage six daughters of Kings and five of Electors within less then 200 years As for that of Wirtemberg which after it had for many ages born the quality of Count was raised to the Ducal Dignity by the consent of all the Estates of the Empire in a Diet held at Wormes 1495 it comes behind never a Family in Revenue alliances piety magnificence and priviledges It hath a Countrey where the Mountains abound in Mines Wines and Woods the Forests are well stored with Timber-trees Game and Venison of all kinds the Valleys are a continuation of Meadows covered with Cattle and watered with Brooks full of Fish the Plains are thick set with Gardens and the Gardens like those of the Hesperides or rather like earthly Paradises There is in no place to be seen fairer rows of Orange-trees Grotta's better contrived and beautified Fountains more artificial nor Fruits more pleasant to the sight and taste then at Stutgardt Few Princes have a house of Pleasure and a Heronry within their Garden as this Duke hath neither is there any one in the Empire that hath a greater care of the Sciences and of Learned persons They that have been at Tubing know how many Princes Counts Lords Barons and Gentlemen have been bred in the noble Colledge which Duke Lewis caused to be built and which his Successors do splendidly maintain there P. Since we are entred upon this discourse make me if you please a more particular description of that Colledge G. It would require a more copious and eloquent tongue then mine to make you comprehend the benefit which the Empire receives by this Athenaeum Princes learn there to fear God to honor the Emperor to serve their Countrey to judge of the sincerity of their Confederates and to cherish their friends Counts Barons and Gentlemen do there learn the ways of winning and keeping the favour of Great men a sweetness of carriage necessary for the maintaining of a perfect friendship amongst equals and an infinity of vertues which are the same thing in their Souls that the Soul is in the body the eye in the head precious stones in gold and flowers in meadows P. I suppose that in this illustrious Colledge the exercises of the body are no more neglected then those of the mind G. One may there learn with little charge and pains that which men go to seek for in Italy and France at the expense of their health and soundness both in body and soul Florence hath nothing for riding the great horse nor Rome and Paris for fencing and dancing Schools which may not be gotten without going out of Tubing where the University and Colledge have excellent Professors in all faculties and principally in those
who was born Princess of Hohenzolleren he hath yet living Leopold William who serves the Emperor with great zeal and reputation Herman Canon of Collen with some others who are yet but young and Ferdinand Maximilian the eldest who knowing that Mary daughter to Amedeus IX Duke of Savoy had been married into his House was desirous to renew that alliance and to that purpose married Loüyse of Savoy daughter to Thomas Prince of Carignan A. D. 1653. by whom he hath one son Herman brother to William makes a Branch apart and hath children of both sexes marriageable P. Hath not this Prince Herman some land◠in the Countrey of Luxembourg and a son Canon of Collen G. Yes Ernest brother to Bernard and son to Christopher who had for his share the Marquisates of Hochberg Pfortzen Weiemberg Baden Vsysiler and Rhetel took to wife Elizabeth daughter to Frederick V. Marquiss of Brandenbourg His son Charles married Anne daughter to Robert Prince Palatine by whom he had many children who all died young except George Frederick He was not to be paralleled for valour and magnanimity yet was beaten at Wimpfen by the misfortune of his powder taking fire while the Battel was fighting which he thereupon lost when he was half-assured of the victory This Prince had two Wives Juliana Vrsula daughter to the Rhingrave Frederick and Agatha daughter to George Count of Erbach Of the latter there remain but Anne and Elizabeth Princesses no less knowing then vertuous and of the former by whom he had 15. children Catherine Vrsula Anne Amelia and Sibyll Magdalen who are thus married the first to Otho eldest son to the Landgrave Maurice and the other two to two Counts of Nassau Sarbruck Ernestine is for her rare vertue and admirable knowledge worthy of an eminent fortune and Frederick their eldest brother the present Prince of Dourlach an incomparable man for his skill in Mathematicks and Opticks hath had five Wives and many children the eldest whereof called by his Fathers name hath married Christina Magdalen the worthy sister of Charles Gustavus King of Sweden and daughter to John Casimir Prince Palatine of Deux-ponts who in his life-time knew better then any man how to get a powerful ascendent over the hearts of all that looked upon him He hath very fine children by her both for outward features and inward faculties The youngest called Charlemagne is eminent for vertue merit and military experience he is married to Mary Juliana Countess of Hohenloch and hath by her one son who will equal his courage and one daughter who will not be inferior to her Mother in comelyness of body and sincerity of heart Gustavus Adolph a younger brother of this House is serving his apprentiship in the school of the King of Sweden and of his brethren whom he will equal or surpass if God give him life and health as I wish him P. You tell me nothing of the controversie between these two Branches nor of the sentence which Edward Fortunatus his Successors obtained against the Marquis George Frederick and his son G. It is not good to rub old sores that are skin'd over nor to speak of differences that are silenced by a determination for fear of grieving those persons whom we respect It is sufficient for you to know that these Princes are good friends that they have forgotten all that is past and endeavour to oblige one another to the uttermost of their power The branch of Baden is Catholique that of Dourlach Lutheran and both zealous in their Religion but that zeal will not hinder them from being kind to one another as to their persons though their interest keep them asunder as to their party Each branch hath one voice in the Assemblies and the Marquis Frederick shall have precedence there as long as he lives but after his death the two Branches shall take their turns that is shall precede alternatively according to the resolution made at Munster by the last Treaty of Peace P. Since we have spoken of Houses in Germany that take their turns successively do me the favour to tell me the manner how that alternation is observed G. You may see in this figure how they sit for ten dayes together after which they begin again and continue as they were before every letter denoting the name of one of the five Houses that take their turns P M W H B M W B P H W H B P M H W M P B B P H M W P M W B H M P W H B W B H M P H P W B M B W M H P The five alternating Houses are Pomerania Meklebourg Wirtemberg Hesse Baden P. I wonder the Houses of Saxon Lawembourg and Anhalt do not precede these five or at least alternate with them seeing they hare had the Electorships of Saxony and Branderbourg at the same time G. The Houses you last mentioned are so far from preceding those five that they follow that of Holstein which comes behind the said five 'T is not that those two Houses are not ancient on the contrary I think their antiquity and greatness hath done them wrong for as we have elsewhere seen the Emperor Sigismond deprived them of the Electoral Dignity to give it to the Marquis of Misnia and the Burgrave of Nuremberg which so morrified those Princes that it made them neglect to appear in the Assemblies and gave opportunity to others to take their place P. I have read that those Princes kept the title of Elector long after they had lost the Electoral Dignity and when they could not have place in the Electoral Colledge they cared but little for taking it among the Princes But tell me something of the House of Holstein before we speak more fully of the other two G. I think I have told you already that the House of Holstein and that of Oldembourg are but one that it was derived from Witikind of Saxony and that after the death of Christopher III. King of Denmark the Danes chose Christian Count of Oldembourg into his place at the intreaty of Adolph Duke of Schleswick his Unkle by the Mothers side who leaving no issue behind him made this Nephew of his heir of a great part of the Cimbrick Chersonese and from that Christian it is that all the Princes are descended who have Reigned in Denmark Norway Schleswick and Holstein ever since that time P. The Kingdom of Sweden having been sever'd from that of Denmark under the Reign of the Princes of the House of Oldembourg it is fit you shew me when and how that came to pass G. I shall do it with all my heart both because you desire it and because I shall be glad in doing that to give some testimony of my gratitude to those Princes who have almost all of them obliged me You must know then that Christian the first of that name being 23. years of age was chosen King of Denmark A. D. 1448. A year after he married Dorothy daughter to John Marquis
continuance at length the two parties being weary as well of beating as of being beaten a resolution of peace was mutually taken Tell me I pray in what condition affairs were when that was concluded G. You have already heard there was never a Province in the Empire which by fire and sword by plague and famine had not lost above half its people and which was not reduced to extreme misery yet to recover the Treasure of Peace Germany was content to lay down another and pay the Swedes five millions of gold for the charges of the war one part whereof was employed to satisfie the souldiery another to recompence the valour of those that had served well and the rest to be disposed in liberalities by their Queen P. Did the French lay down armes without being re-imbursed what they spent in that War G. That Nation did not consent to the Peace without knowing why and wherefore but it rather gave or promised money then received any And all its recompence consists in a part of Alsatia and the Fortresses of Brisac and Philipsbourg from which France reaps more honour then profit the Province being unable to furnish wherewithal to keep those places and pay the Civil Officers that should administer Justice there P. I know the most Christian King obliged himself to pay the Archduke of Inspruck three millions of Livres in case he could prevail with the Catholique King to quit the pretensions he had or might have upon Alsatia But had the Crown of Sweden and its Confederates many Troops and places in Germany when the Peace was made G. The Crown of Sweden had at that time five Regiments of Swedish and Finland Horse four and forty of German Horse and five of Dragons which reckoned with some Troops that were in Garrison amounted all together to 411. Companies It had also threescore Regiments of Foot of the same Nations as the former were to wit one and twenty of Swedes and Finlanders and nine and thirty of Germans but they were not all of like strength For the five Regiments of Swedish and Finland Horse had but one and thirty Troops in all and those of the Foot of the same Nation were of four five six seven or eight Companies at the most and of the Germans that of the Kings Guards was of Twenty Companies and those of the higher Officers nay the greatest part of the rest were of twelve Companies apiece P. By what you said last I perceive Germany made War upon Germany and the Swedes made use of us to overcome our selves Let us see whether the French did not so too G. We are blamed for loving money too much and the honour of our Nation too little Now it is certain that although the Swedes have always had Commanders worthy of Empire and that after their King Gustavus Horn John Bannier Leonard Torstenson Charles Gustavus Wrangel Wittemberg and some others have equalled or surpassed the ancient Heroes signalizing their valour in our late Wars yet they had gone out of the Empire with as much shame and as well beaten as the Danes and Transylvanians if they had not had Religion for a pretense our bodies for a buckler and our courages for the instruments of their glory The same thing may be said of the French They have had Generals of their Nation who have always performed the duty of wise Captains and valiant Souldiers and have no less deserved the name of Gallant men though they have fought with less success then the Swedes but as to the rest the French Troops were oftentimes the least part of their Army The French that have commanded in Germany are the Mareshals of La Force Guebriant and Grammont the Cardinal de la Valette the Dukes of Longueville and Anguyen and the Prince of Turenne who had under his command at the time when the Peace was made a hundred and nine Cornets of Light Horse and sixteen Companies of Dragoons in fourteen Regiments not reckoning two Companies which were in the Lower Palatinate two in the Bishoprick of Spire and three in the Dutchy of Wirtemberg Besides that Cavallery the French had a hundred and threescore Companies in eleven Regiments of Infantry and ten Companies at Brisac three and forty in Brisgou four in the Bishoprick of Strasbourg twenty in several Imperial Cities of the Palatinate and Alsatia fifteen in the Bishoprick of Spire nine in the Lower Palatinate thirteen in Lawinguen eleven in the Dutchy of Wirtemberg six in Swaben twelve in the Archbishoprick of Mentz and three in the Marquisate of Baden which make in all three hundred and six Companies as well French as Germans P. So far as I perceive the Confederates had prodigious Forces G. That is not all the Amazon of Germany Amelia Elizabeth Landgravess of Hesse who raised up her Estate when it was beaten as it were down to the ground and by an unparalleled prudence enlarged the straits she was brought into and augmented her Forces when she was thought to be overwhelmed with calamities after the death of William V. her husband had at the conclusion of the Peace eight and fifty Cornets of Horse in five Regiments and 166. Companies of Foot in thirteen without putting into the account fourteen unregimented Companies P. I do not wonder that so many Troops conducted by good Heads obliged the Emperor to a disadvantagious Peace For I cannot think that his Majesty and his Allies had so many Forces after they had been worsted in several encounters G. I do not certainly know the number of the Imperial and Bavarian Troops but doubtless they were very powerful since their Confederate Adversaries were obliged by the Treaty to restore 210. strong places wherein they had garrison and out of which it is probable the whole Empire would hardly have been able to drive them by force P. I know the Swedes had Garrisons in 125. places of Germany the French in 46. and the Hessians in 39. But some of the best are theirs still G. It is true that by the Treaty of Peace the Empire agreed to yield unto the most Christian King for him and his Successors Kings of France for ever the Cities and Bishopricks of Mets Toul and Verdun with Moyenvic Pignerol Brisac the Landgravedom of Alsatia the Vndgerih the Bailywick of Haguenau and the Fortress of Philipsbourg That by the same Treaty the Empire quitted and granted unto the Queen and Kingdom of Sweden all the Hither Pomerania with the Island and Principality of Rugia and the Cities of Stetin Garts Dam Holnau the Isle of Wollin the River of Oder and the Port which it makes by the name of Frischehaff the Collation of those Ecclesiastical Benefices which the Dukes of Pomerania heretofore had in the Bishoprick of Camin and the expectance or Reversion of that Bishoprick nay of the rest of Pomerania and even of the new Marquisate of Brandenbourg in case the heirs male of that Family should happen to fail P. The Swedes received five millions of gold
Gentlemen admitted there 123. Laws and customes of the University of Tubing 124. What persons were admitted unto Turnaments 258. Who brought the use of Turnaments into Germany 259. Principal Turnaments held there ibid. What persons excluded from appearing at Turnaments 261. Laws and formalities observed at Turnaments 262. V. Vauguin 280. Vberlingue 279. Vecler 280. Verden a Bishoprick Secularized 188. How many Vicars of the Empire anciently and how many now 58. Who are the Vicars or Deputies of the Electors 59. Power of the Vicars of the Empire 78. Vniversities of Germany 282. seq A Prince hath as many Voices in the Assemblies as he holds Immediate Principalities 306. The Voices of every Order in the Diets and how they are taken 305 seq Plurality of Voices prevails in the Assemblies except in matter of Religion 307.308 W. Weinshein 280. Weissembourg ibid. From whence the Dukes of of Weymar are descended 88. Duke Bernard Weymar his actions in the war 326. 327. Winfelan 280. Wirsbourg a Bishoprick and its Castle 179 Bishop of Wirsbourg styled Duke of Franconia 180. Counts of Wirtemberg when made Dukes 121. Description of the Duke of Wirtembergs Countrey ibid. His Forces and Fortresses 125. Alliances of the house of Wirtemberg 125. seq Eberhard Count of Wirtemberg his Court and magnificence 128. Principality of Wirtemberg divided into six Dioceses 207. Wormes 280. Bishop of Wormes part-Director of the Circle of the Rhine 180. Z. Dukes of Zeringuen of the same stock with the Marquisses of Baden 70.141.142 The most considerable misprintings or mistakes you may be pleased to correct thus Page Lin.  21. 14. for us read you 80. 14. for too read two 93. 11. read lesse potent then those 161 1. for or read Or. 162. 14. read to the authority of Kings 207. 12. for Montgarat read Stutgardt 240. 17. read speaking 272. 19. for Germany read Almaine 286. 18. for those read that 305. 16. for Branches read Benches 328. 12. read of Collen near St. Antony where The rest it is hoped are so little as they may easily escape by your connivence or oversight Books and Sermons written by J. Taylor D. D. Lord Bishop of Down and Connor And sold by R. Royston Book-seller to the Kings most Excellent Majesty 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A Course of Sermons for all the Sundayes of the year together with a discourse of the Divine Institution necessity Sacredness and Separation of the Office Ministerial in fol. 2. The History of the Life and Death of the Ever-blessed Jesus Christ the third Edition in fol. 3. The Rule and Exercises of holy Living in 8. 4. The Rule and Exercises of holy dying in 8. 5. The Golden Grove or A Manual of daily Prayers fitted to the dayes of the week together with a short Method of Peace and Holiness in 12. 6. A Collection of Polemical and Moral discourses in fol. newly reprinted 7. A Discourse of the Nature Offices and Measure of Friendship in 12. new 8. A Collection of Offices or forms of prayer fitred to the needs of all Christians taken out of the Scriptures and Ancient Liturgies of several Churches especially the Greek together with the Psalter or psalms of David after the Kings Translation in a large octavo newly pub 9. Ductor Dubitantium or the Rule of Conscience fol. in two volumes 10. The Doctrine and practice of Repentance describing the necessities of a Strict a Holy and a Christian Life Serving as a necessary Supplement unto the Rule of Conscience 11. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A Supplement to the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or course of Sermons for the whole year All that have been preached and published since the Restauration to which is adjoyned his Advice to the Clergy of his Diocese 12. The Worthy Communicant or a Discourse of the Nature Effects and Blessings consequent to the worthy receiving of the Lords Supper printed for J. Martin 13. A Discourse of Confirmation in 8. new 14. A Dissuasive from popery in 8 new Books lately Printed and Sold by Richard Royston at the Angel in Ivie-lane ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚ'Α The Works of King Charles I. with his Life and Martyrdom printed in a large Folio with Figures COENA quasi COINH or the common Right to the Lords Supper asserted wherein that Question is fully stated By Sir William Morice Knight one of His Majesties most Honorable privy Council and principal Secretary of State fol The Tears Sighs Complaints and prayers of the Church of England setting forth her former constitution compared with her present condition Written in the late times of Rebellion and Usurpation by John Gauden D. D. Bishop of Worcester fol. Dr. Hammonds 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or degrees of Ardency in Christs prayer defended from the impertinent cavils of Mr Jeanes by William Creed D. D. Regius professor of Divinity in the University of Oxon. Certain Considerations of present Concernment touching the Reformed Church of England with a Discourse upon the case touching the Division between the English and Romish Churches upon the Reformation by H. Ferne D. D. late Bishop of Chester A brief Survey of Antiquity for the Tryal of the Romish Doctrine especially in these points 1. Of the worship of Saints and Angels 2. Of the Invocation of Saints and Angels 3. Of the worship of Images 4. Of Justification by Works 5. Of the Merit of good Works 6. of purgatory 7. Of Real presence 8. Of Communion under one kinde By the said Lord Bishop of Chester New The Calvinists Cabinet unlock'd By Tilenus Junior New The Syracusan Tyrant Or the Life of Agathocles with some Reflexions on the practices of Cromwell New De Confirmatione sive Benedictione post Battismum sollenni per Imposi ionem Manuum Episcopi celebrata Authore H. Hammond The Merit of the Old English Clergy asserted and the Demerit of the New Clergy discovered By Anonymus New 8. The Right Rebel A Treatise written to prevent a new Rebellion by the Fanatick parties of these times New 8. Memoranda Touching the Ex Officio and the alteration of some Old and making some New Lawes Written by Sir Edw. Lake Baronet Chancellor of Lincolne The Catechism of the Church of England Paraphrased By R. Sherlock D. D. Rector of Winwick The fifth Edition The Refin'd Courtier or a Correction of several indecencies crept into Civil Conversation in 12. New Lex Legum or the Law of Lawes shewing the excellencie of the Civil Law above all other Lawes whatsoever by Sir Robert Wiseman Knight in 4. Rex Theologus The preachers guard and Guide in the Didactical part of his duty or vindication shewing that the Kings Majesties Letter to the late Lord Archbishop of Canterbury is most conformable to the Judgement and practice of Antiquity