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A17521 The eyght bookes of Caius Iulius Cæsar conteyning his martiall exploytes in the realme of Gallia and the countries bordering vppon the same translated oute of latin into English by Arthur Goldinge G.; De bello Gallico. English Caesar, Julius.; Golding, Arthur, 1536-1606.; Hirtius, Aulus. De bello Gallico. Liber 8. 1565 (1565) STC 4335; ESTC S107121 200,458 592

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Lieuetenant there toke possessions of that country and reigned therin by the space of twoo hundred and fower yeres vnto the yere of our lord 773. at which time Charles kynge of Fraunce surnamed the great toke Desiderius laste kinge of Lombardes prisoner and annexed his seniory to the dominion of Fraunce Gallia Trāsalpina wherof this Historye entreateth hath according to Ptolomies description on the west the Mountaynes Pirenes nowe called Ronnceuall whyche deuyde it frome Spayn and the west Ocean On the East it hath partly the Alpes whiche deuide it from Italy and the Ryuer Rhyne whych parteth it from Germany On the north it hath the Britysh Ocean and on the South it hath a part of the midland Sea called Ligusticū This is now called Fraūce and it is deuyded into fower partes Prouince Aquitaine Celticke and Belgycke All that lieth from the riuer Rhone and the mountaines Cemenii now called the mountaines of Auuerne unto the midland Sea betwene the ryuer Uarus whyche runneth out of the Alpes by the city Nicea Of some called the Leuāt sea and the Riuer Illyberis in the mountains Pirenes beareth the name of the Romane Prouince was also called Braccata of a kinde of short cote which the people of that country did cōmōly go in It conteyneth Sauoy Delphiuoys Languedocke and Prouince Aquitai●e lyeth betwene the mountaines Pirenes and the ryuer Loyre whiche risinge out of the Mountaines of Auuerne falleth into the west Ocean and is bounded on thoneside wyth the sayd mountaines of Auverne which deuide it from the Prouince and on thotherside wyth the west Ocean It conteyneth Poyters Xanton Lymosin Berrey Auuerne and Angolesme wyth the duchies of Guien and Gascon somtime the inheritance of the kings of England Celtick which was also called Lugdunensis of Lugdunum the chief City of that country now called Lions standyng vppon Soan not farre from the place where it falleth into Rhone runneth throughe the mids of Fraūce from the west Ocean and the Britysh sea vnto the vpper part of the Rhine is bounded on thoneside with the riuer of Loyre the Moūtain of Auverne and the riuer Rhone whych separate it from Aquitain and Prouince and on thotherside wyth the riuers of Sene and Marne which growyng into one chanel a littell aboue Paris do fall into the Brityshe Ocean and deuide it from Belgick It conteyneth littel Britaine Normandy Burgūdy Swicerland with others Belgicke hath on the South the foresaid riuers of Sene Marne on the East the neyther parte of the Rhyne and on the west and north sides the British or english Ocean It conteyneth Picardy Arthoys Flaūders Braband Holland Gelderlād Lorreine c. with al the low country bordering vpon the Rhine and also the I le of Fraunce whose head citye of Paris standeth vppon the Ryuer Sene wherof all the whole country of Gallia toke the name This country hath alwais bene renowmed not only for the fertility of the soile the tēperatenesse of the aire and the abundance of all thynges for mens necessities and pleasure but also and that chieflye for the valiantnesse in armes and practise in Cheualry of thin habiters whereby they both enlarged the boundes of their territorye and also darkened the glory and drowned the name of other Realmes that were neybours vnto them In somuch that the Grekes the chiefe Registerers of worthy actes called all thinhabiters from the riuer of Danow northward by the name of Celtes or Galles Of this countrye were those Galles that vnder the first Brenne who is reported to haue bene a Briton burned Rome the .365 yere after the buildyng therof in the time of the elder Dēnis king of Sicil. Of this countrye were those Galles that vnder the seconde Brenne a hundred and nyne yeares after the foresayde burnyng of Rome slew Ptolomie kyng of Macedonie in thassault of Delphos were oppressed with thunder lightning and tempestes Out of thys countrye issewed those Galles whych beynge called to the aide of the kynge of Bithinia as Trogus reporteth after they had vāquished hys enemies parted his kingdome with him calling the countrye Gallogrece or Galatia and themselues Gallogrekes or Galatians Of whō the prowesse was so redowted that the kinges of the East made not anye warres wherein they hyred not the Galles to serue them and if they were put from their kingdomes thei resorted not to anye other than the Galles for succor And as that marciall ofspring held the kinges of Asia occupied there so their mother countrye in Europe not onelye troubled their neighbours but also vexed and disquietted euen the victorious Romanes vntyll suche time as Iulius Cesar through his greate prowesse good fortune brought theym in subiection to the Romane Empyer Frō the whyche tyme it receiued both the lawes and lāguage of the Romanes and bare their yoke obediently vntyl the .viii. yere of themperor Honorius whych was the .406 yere after thincarnation of Chryste at the whyche tyme the Frenchmen who as then dwelt vpon the Rhine on the further side being sēt for against one Lucius a Romane president for rauishing a Senators wyfe in the Citye of Triers toke the city and within a while after subdued al Belgicke vnder thē This was the beginning of the Frēch dominiō in Gallia which as it afterward by litle litle came in subiectiō to thē toke the name of Fraūce of thē For although that mencion be made of them in the liues of diuers Emperors before and that from the reigne of Galien themperours from tyme to time had much a do with them yet notwithstanding they aspyred not to any souereinty before the said reigne of Honorius Of the Original of thē are diuers opinions Some thinke they inhabited the country by the riuer Sala towards the riuers Mene Rhyne and that in hope of conquest and desier of spoyle at suche tyme as thempier began to decline and wax weak they ioyned vnto them the Almanes and troubled Themperours of the west by whome they were always repressed to their great slaughter and domage Strabo placeth their countrrye betwene the Norikes and Uindelicians Othersome affirme thē to haue bene a multitude of al sortes of people of Germanye vnited in leage togither defending their liberty against the Empier whereof they tooke their name as frank and free people that wold not be bond or subiect to any mā But whatsoeuer they were or wheresoeuer theyr dwelling was before they came ouer the Rhine sure it is that since they passed into Gallia they haue with greate good fortune encreased aud pollitiquelye maintained their state vnto this day For after they had laid the foundation of theyr kingdome at Triers vnder Pharamund first ouermatchyng the Almanes their late fellowes and confederates and anon after subduing the Burgonions who somewhat before them entring into Gallia had seised into theyr possession the countryes of the Heduans and Sequans wyth a part of the auncient Romane Prouince whych kepeth their name progenie vnto thys day they
the Galles wold he by hys industrye alye vnto theym and make one coūsell of al Gallia against the consent whereof all the whole worlde shuld not be able to make resistence The whyche thing he had in maner brought to passe alredy Neuertheles it was but right and reason that for the sauftye of the common weale ▪ they shoulde condescende to fortifie their campe to thintent they might the easlyer withstand the sodeine inuasions of their enemies Thys oration disliked not the Galles chieflye for that Uercingetorix was not dysmaid in his minde at the receit of so great a losse nor hyd himself out of sighte nor eschewed the open face of the worlde Yea he was thought to be a man of the more foresight and foreknowledge in that before anye thyng was amisse he was of opiniō first that Auaricum should be set on fier and afterward that it should be abandoned Therfore as aduersity is wont to diminish the authority of other Capteines so cleane contrarye wyse his estimation was from daye to day augmented by receiuing this displeasure And moreouer vpon his assurance they had the more hope that the rest of the Cities should be alyed with theym Then first of all began the Galles to fortifye their campes and they were so dismayde in heart bicause they were men not acquainted with paynes takynge that they thought all thinges that were commaunded them were to bee suffred and abiddē to thuttermost And Uercingetorix endeuored to haue done no lesse by his good wil than he promised whych was to knit the rest of the cities in leage together alluring the Princes and noble men of theym with giftes and large promises For the performance wherof he chose out fit personages euen suche as were easiest to be caught by suttel persuasion or color of frendship He caused al those to be newe armed and apparelled that had escaped when Auaricum was won And therewythall to th entent hys host whyche was sore dimynyshed myght be supplyed againe he appointed euerye Citye to find him a certaine number of souldiers the whiche he commannded to be brought vnto his camp by a daye limited Moreouer he caused serch to be made for al Archers of whō there was a greate companye in Gallia and made them to be sent to him By thys meanes was the losse taken at Auaricū sone supplied In the mean season Teutomatus the son of Ollouicon kinge of the The people about Moūtpellier Nitiobriges whose father had bene accepted by our senate for their friende came to him wyth a great power of his horsmen that he had hyred out of Aquitaine Cesar tariyng many dayes at Auaricum and finding there great abundaunce of corne and other vyctual left by the citizens releued hys armye of their trauell and penurye Nowe at suche time as wynter was welnere spent and that the very season of the yeare called him foorth to warfare so that he was fully purposed to go agaynst the enemye eyther to traine him out of his woods marisses by some pollicy or els to enuiron him with a siege if it were possible The Heduanes sent certaine of their noblemen Ambassadours vnto him desiring him to come and succor their city either thā out of hād or neuer For the matter lay in great peril vpon this occasion that whereas of olde time there was wont to bee but one magistrate created and he to exercise thauthoritye of a king for that yere now there were two that bare that office both of them vaunted thē selues to be created by order of law Of the which th one was called Conu●tolitane a noble and lustye yonge gentilman thother Cottus born of an auncient howse a man of verye great power and well alied whose Brother Ualetiacus had borne the same offyce the yeare before All the whole Citye was in armor the Senate was deuided the people was deuided and ech of thē held hys faction a part by himself If this controuersy shuld be nourished any long time it wolde come passe that the Citye should run together by the eares among thēseues The remedie wherof lay onelye in his spedye assistence authority Cesar albeit he thought it a daūgerous mater to leaue of his warres and to depart from his enemy yet notwythstanding bycause be was not ignorant how great inconueniences were wont to grow of dissention leaste that so great and so neyghborly a city as that had ben to the Romanes the whych he had always cherished and garnished by al the meanes he could deuise shuld be put to the hazard of battell and least the part that least trusted him shuld sende for helpe to Uercingetorix he thought it best to preuent the matter betimes And for asmuche as by the lawes of the Heduanes it was not lawful for them that were chief magistrates to absēt thēselues out of the coūtry to th entent he wold not seme to diminishe any part of their right or do any thing against their lawes he went in proper persō vnto them and called before him all their counsell and them betwene whō the controuersie was When almost all the Citye was assembled thither that information was geuen hym howe by the consent of a fewe called togegether priuily in other place and other time than was mete th one brother had subrogated thother in hys stead contrary to the lawes whyche prohibited two of one linage beynge bothe aliue not onelye to be created magistrates but also to be admitted into the Senate compelled Cottus to geue vp hys offyce and commaunded Conuictolitane who accordinge to the custome of the City vpon the ceasing of the former Magystrates had bene created by the Priestes to enioye hys authoritye After that he had made thys decree hauing exthorted the Heduanes to forget all controuersies and dissentions and that al theis other things set a part they shuld bend themselues wholy to this war assuring them that assone as he had subdewed Gallia he wolde reward thē according to their deserts and willing them that with al spede they should send him all their horsemen and ten thousand fotemen that he might place them in garrison for the defence of hys victuals he deuided his army into two parts Fowre Legions he committed to Labienus to leade amonge the Senones and Parisians and he himself led six into Auverne to the towne of Cleremount in Auverne ▪ Gergouia along the riuer The riuer of Alier Elauer of his horsmen part he ga●e to hym and part he kept to himself The which thing being knowen Uercingetorix breaking all the bridges that were vpon that streame began to make his iorney on thother side of Elauer Now when eyther army was in sight of other and that they pitched their Cāpes one in maner right ouer against another the enemy continually sending forth scoults that the Romanes shuld any not where frame a bridge to passe ouer their host Cesars affaires were in great distres lest the riuer shuld cause him to lose the most part