upon their People The Saxons and Francs Invade the Bâ—itish Isles And in the Fourth Consulate of the same Emperors An. Dom. 373. [5.] Chronicon Cassidori fol. 696. the Saxons collected [6.] Val. rerum Fran. liber 1. fol. 47. a great force of the Germans to have Invaded Gallia And near the Rhene about 80000 of them were slain by the Direction of Valentinian Neither did they only infest the Coasts and Country of Gallia but the British Isles and wherever else they could make descents Plunder and Wast the Country and bring it under Tribute living upon and enriching themselves by Rapine and Pyracy [1.] Ann. Marcell lib. 28. c. 7. They became dreadful for the sudden Invasions The Count of the Saxon-shore being the most dreadful of any People from their sudden Invasions and therefore the Romans appointed an Officer to drive them away and secure the Nation from their Attempts called the Count of the Saxon Shore throughout Britain who had several Garrisons upon the Coast of this Nation supplied with a sufficient number of Horse and Foot under his Command for the performance of this Service as is said before in the Roman Story We see here the Franc's were joyned with the Saxons in Râ—pine and Pyracy Bede fol. 58. of his History adds the Jutes and Angli to those which were invited into England and Selden adds to them the Danes and Frisons The Danes and Frisons joyned with the Saxons in his Chronologie at the end of Janus And it is not to be doubted but that under the Names of Saxons were comprehended many other People such as would joyn with them in Rapine or Piracy or such as they had subdued which by the Conquering Romans or their Neighbour-Nations were forced to live for their own safety in Islands Boggs and Morasses upon and near the Coasts of the German-Sea Saxonum gens in Oceani littoribus paludibus â—nviis sita Orosius The Seat of the Saxons in Germany from the River Eydor in Juteland to the Elv and from thence to the Rhine According to Ethelwerd an ancient and noble Saxon Writer lib. 1. fol. 474. a. n. 30. and that they were possessed before their Invasions of England and France of all Jutland Holsatia c. to the Elv and all the Coasts from that River to the Southermost Mouths of the Rhene and Scheld Cluverius in his Third Book Antiq. Germ. c. 21. and 23. and Mr. Sheringham in his Book de Origine Gent. Angl. c. 2. n. 1. and c. 3. n. 1. do both Assert And these German People coming hither under the Names only of Saxons or at least of Saxons Angli and Jutes which are only reported by our Historians to have come with them might as well have been called Almans as the collection of the several People of Gallia Almain Why so called or rather Allmannia Allmannie whom want and poverty had made daring and couragious which Conquered the Country in Germany lying between the Rivers Rhene Main and Danube called after their Conquest De Allmaner or Die Allemanner from this Miscellaneous Collection or Convention of all sorts of People by whom it was Conquer'd As Agathias an approved Author that lived near the time of this Transmigration of the Galls into Germany assures us lib. 1. Ethelw lib. 1. Seld. Dom. Sea 250. The Miscellaneous People of the Saxons called into England against the Picts and Scots This Miscellaneous People thus known to the Britains by their frequent spoyling and harrassing of the Country near the Sea-Coasts for many years together were called into their Assistance against the Picts and Scots when the Romans left this Island and made themselves Masters of it as is related in the ensuing History What their Policy and Government was and by what Laws and Rules they Govern'd here comes next to be enquired into These as all other People at first lived without Written Laws and were guided by Customs and Usages onely The antient Romans lived by Custom rather then Written-Law as Pompon in leg 2. § 3. de origine juris speaking of the ancient Romans says they used rather an uncertain Law and Custome then any that was Written and adds that it was to be thought the old Longobards and Saxons as being Brothers observed the same thing living in old time by Customes without Written Laws Which agrees with Tacitus as before cited But more particularly of the Saxons after their coming hither The Saxons used only their own Customs they brought out of Germany Selden affirms expresly that they received not the Caesarean or any other Law but onely used their own Customes which they brought with them out of Germany Dissert ad Flet. c. 7. p. 505. And when any Nation or People began to be more Civilized and to Write their Laws they were but the Customes they had constantly used unless the rude and barbarous Traditions and Customes of the Pagans were by the first or antient Christian Kings altered or abolished Lindenbrog prologomen in cod leg Antiquarum and more particularly Gryphiander * De Weichbild Saxon. c. 37. n. 4. Laws increased with Civility concerning the Saxons from Crant lib. 2. c. 21. when as by time Civility increased in the Saxon Nation the observation of Laws also increased Thence it was that those things which by long use had been approved were at length reduced into a Code or Book which unwritten Traditions and Vsages I shall not prosecute as being the same with the Written Laws of the Germans which are more antient then any I find of the English Saxons in this Nation The first of the Saxons here that I have met with are those of Ethelbert mentioned by Bede lib. 2. c. 5. fol. 120. which he says Ethelbert K. of Kent gives Laws after the Example of the Romans according to the example of the Romans he made by the Counsel or Advice of his Wise Men and that they were Written in the English Tongue and observed in his time I confess these Laws I have not seen but they are noted by the Laborious and Learned Dugdale in his Origin Jurisd c. 22. but there cannot probably be much in them if any thing at all more then is in our Saxon Lawes published by Lambard For Allured in the Preface to his Laws says That by the Advice of his Wise Men he Collected what ever was worth notice out of the Laws of Ethelbert Ina and Offa and caused them to be observed and omitted the rest The beginning of Ethelberts Reign is fixed in the Year 561 He began his Reign A. D. 561. by this worthy Author but according to Bede's Account he began his Reign in 557. for he died Anno Dom. 613. and Reigned 56 Years King of Kent as he reports in the beginning of the Chapter aforesaid The next Laws of the Saxons I find any where are Ina's Ina's Laws King of the West Saxons Printed in Lambert's Archaionomia fol. 1. This King
Person who from his Office was named Tienheofod or Teothungman Decurio Capitalis Friborghus or Plegius the head Ten man or the head pledge or Friborgh so called from Fri free and borgh Surety or Pledge and signifies no more than a free Pledge the Servi Slaves and Villanies being under the power and care of their Lords Hence our word nigh borgh or as we now write it neighbour for Vicinus our next Pledge a Surety that lived near us The Office of the Tithing-man or head Ten man as appears by †c. 32. Edward the Confessor's Laws was to determine of smaller matters there specified between neighbours and such matters and trespasses as belonged to their Farms We have at this day the word left only in our Court-Barons and Leets that is Deciner Disiner or Desiner for Decenner one of the Decenna a Handborgh or inferior Pledge See Spelm. Glossar in verbo Handborowe Tithing and if he were accused of any Transgression he should forthwith bring in some one of the same Hundred or Tithing that would be his Surety to answer the Law but if he could find none such to undertake for him then to abide the Severity of the Law and if any guilty Person should fly before or after his giving such Security that then all within the Hundred or Tithing should be fined to the King Malmsb. fol. 24 a. n. 40. These were the Divisions of Shires into Hundreds and Tithings but where to six the first Division of the Nation into Shires and Counties I find not [5.] Hist Croyland fol. 595. b Loâ—d Ed. Ingulph was mistaken when he fixed it upon this Alfred who began his [6.] Asser in vâ—tâ— Alfred fol. 7. n. 50. Reign Anno Dom. 871. for in Asser Menevensis fol. 2. n. 10. n. 50. we read of Ceorl Earl of Devonshire Eanwulfe Earl of Sommerset-shire and fol. 4. n. 40. Osric Earl of Hantshire and Ethelwolph Earl of Berrocshire in the Reign of his Father Ethelwolph and his Brother Ethelbert before him in the years 851 855 856. The manner of making the English Saxon Laws and German Laws the same Further the Agreement between the old Germans and our English Saxons in the manner of making their Laws is worthy notice In the second year of Gundebald the most glorious King of the Burgundians about the year of Christ 500. those Laws were made [7.] Praesat ad Ll. Burgund cum concilio comitum procâ—rum with the advice of his Earls Counts and Nobility whereof 32 Comites there named The Alaman [8] Praesat vel Tit. ad Ll. Alaman Laws were made or renewed in the time of King Clotharius between the years of Christ 5 and 600 together with the advice of 33 Bishops 34 Dukes and 72 Earls or Counts The like we have in the Prologue to the Bavarian Laws made about the same time by Theodorick King of the Franc's and perfected by Clotharius 'T is not to be supposed that all the Christian men or 100 men in his Empire were advising or assisting in or any ways knew of or were consulted in the making of or establishing those Laws with the assistance of his Princes and all Christian People within his Kingdom where we may note that Populus here and in the Title to the Alaman Laws signifies only the Nobility of lesser note that is of an inferior Order to Dukes and Earls or Counts and not the People in general Under Caroloman Dux princeps Francorum Anno Dom. 742. there was a Synod held and Laws made most of them Ecclesiastical concilio Servorum Dei that is as he there expresseth it by the advice of his Arch-bishops Bishops and Presbyters Optimatum suorum and of his Nobility The same year in the Kalends of March he held another Conventus Synodalis or Synodal Convention where all the former Decrees of the last Synod were confirmed by the venerable parts of God as also by his Earls Counts or Prefects lib. 5. Capit. Car. Lud. c. 2 3. The Salic Laws were made in [1.] Praefat. ad Ll. Salic The English Saxon Laws how made Mallo in the publick Convention and were by Charlemaign caused to be written Anno Dom. 798. The manner of making our English Saxon Laws exactly answers this [2.] Lamb. in Ll Saxon. And Tham ylderstan Witan Miare Theod. Ina King of the West-Saxons who began his Reign Anno Dom. 712. made Laws at the request and by the advice of Cenred his Father Hedda and Erkenwold his Bishops all his Ealdermen or Senators RAM YLDERTAN WITAN MINRE THEODE and of the Seniors or Eldest (q) Sapientes Prudentes wise men [3.] In verb. Feudal in verb. Sapientes Sapientes in our Saxon Laws signifies the Temporal and Spiritual Nobility or Bishops Earls Thegns c. There is no particular mention of any Aldermen Eorles Gerefes or Bishops or other sort of Saxon Nobility and yet without doubt they advised in the making of all the Laws which proceeded or followed these Prefaces t is only it was done with the advice of his Wise-men Hottoman interprets to be Lawyers or men skilled in the Laws Sometimâ—s it might be so in the Feudal and other Laws and the places by him cited being called by the Legislators by way of advice and Counsel But in our Saxon Laws the Sapientes or Witena were divers times taken for the whole Baronage or Nobility as I may so say And in this sense it is used in the 49. Chapter of the Preface to Alured Laws Where if Sapientes or Witen signified only men skilled in the Laws then were none of the temporal Nobility present at the making of those Laws unless perhaps they were the Lawyers meant by that word as being many of them Judges and Justiciaries at that time King Edgar who began his Reign 950. prefaceth his Laws thus This is Seo geroedniisse The Edgar Cyno mid his Witena getheahâ—e geraed c. which literally is to be thus translated This is the Constitution or Ordinance which King Edgar made with the Counsel and Advice of his Wise-men The same Preface is to the Laws of Ethelred who began his Reign 979. made at Woodstock in Mercia which was then governed by the English Laws that is the Laws of the East-Angles Also the Senatus-consultum Walliae hath the same Preface And the Laws of Cnute Likewise both Ecclesiastick and Humane Now in all these Prefaces Witan Sapientes Wise-men must be taken for or meant of the Bishops and Nobility or they were not present at the making of these Laws which no man can believe that considers how many Ecclesiastick Laws there are amongst them and Laws relating to the worship of God and a holy life that were never made without at least the advice of the Bishops wise men of his Nation and according to this method were the Prefaces or beginnings of all the Saxon Laws And as according to this manner all the considerable people of
the Kitchin and Brew-House He had three Fees and a sixth part The place of Ralph Fitz-Henry on the West part of Scouland Hall He had three Fees and an half The place of Conan Fitz-Helias by the Keep on the East side without the Wall He had two Fees and an half The place of the Chamberlain on the East part of Scouland Hall by the Oven He had two Fees The place of Tho. de Burge on the West part of the great Chappel by the Cannons in the Wall He had in this part of the Honour of Richmond in Yorkshire [5.] Ibid. b. 68 Knights Fees and an half and had here at the time of the Survey 166 Lordships Maners or Farms in Dorsetshire one in Essex eight The Earl of Richmont had 442 Lordships of the Gift of the Conqueror in Hantshire two in Cambridgeshire 63 and ten Burgages or Dwelling-Houses in Cambridge in Hartfordshire 12 in Northampton one in Nottinghamshire seven in Norff. 81 in Lincolnshire 101 in all 442. All his Tenents ought Suit and Service to his Court and for this Honour and under the Title thereof there were Courts kept for the Tenents of it several Counties every three weeks and are kept to this day in Norff. And the Jurisdiction of these and the like Courts usually extended no farther than to some Personal Actions between the Tenents and such matters as appertained to the Lands belonging to the Honour Tenents bound to Castle-Guard and most probable it was that all these Tenents of these Lands as also in all other Fees where the chief Seat or Head of them was a Castle did watch and were bound to Castle-guard at appointed times as may be gathered from what will be said next concerning the Earls of Chester The first [6.] Ord. Vit. fol. 522. A. whereof was Gherbod a Flemming made Earl by William Anno Dom. 1070. who going upon an Expedition into Flanders fell into the hands of his Enemies and was there detained Prisoner all his Life upon whose restraint the Conqueror created (k) He was Son of Richard [1.] Gemet lib. 7. cap. 6. Hugh Earl of Chester who he was Surnamed Goz Vicecomes de Abrincis or Viscount of Auranches in Normandy whose Father was Thurstane [2.] Ibidem Surnamed Goz Son of Anfrid a Dane Hugh de Abrincis Earl of Chester who with (l) He was Son of [3.] Ord. Vit. 669. C. Robert Roelent how he was Humfrid de Teliolo who was another Son of Anfrid the Dane and Governor of the Fortress the Conqueror erected at Hastings This Robert was Cousin German to [4.] Ibidem B. C. Richard de Abrincis Father to Hugh Lupus Earl of Chester and was Commander in Chief at the Siege of Rochester Castle Robert Roelent and Robert de Malo Passu and others shed much Welsh Blood [7.] Ibidem he was a Man of great Note amongst the Normans at that time and an expert Soldier and therefore placed here to restrain the Incursions of the unconquered Welsh This Earldom was given to hold as freely by the Sword as the King held England by the Crown 'T is commonly storied he had several [8.] Monast Angl. vol. 1. p. 202. Barons under his Jurisdiction but whether they were so or not there were many that held great Estates of him and had shares and Commands in the Government of this petty Kingdom amongst whom these were chief Robert Fitz-Hugh [9.] Domesday in Cestreshire where all the Places are named Barons or reputed Barons of Cheshire whose Seat was at Depenbach now called Malpas who held of him 31 Maners part of Maners or Towns William de Maldebenge whose Seat was at Wickmalbanc now called Nantwich held 47 Maners c. William Fitz-Nigell called sometimes Constabularius had his chief Seat at Heleton now Halton Castle and held of him 29 Maners c. Richard de Vernon whose Seat was at Shipbroc held of him 17 Maners c. Hugo de Mara held 14 Maners c. Hamo de Masci whose Seat was at Dunham commonly called Dunham-Masci held 10 Maners c. Bigot de Loges held 12 Maners c. Gilbert Venator or de Venables whose Seat was at Kinderton held 19 Maners c. Robert de Roelent whose Seat was Roelent or Ruthelan Castle in Flintshire from whence he had his Surname held 16 Maners c. This Robert was General to Earl Hugh Robert Roelent General to the Earl of Chester who for fifteen years together checked the Welsh and dayly gained upon them and enlarged the Conquerors Territories [5.] Ibidem but at last after many sharp Conflicts and bold Adventures hazarding himself too far with no more than one Soldier he was unhappily slain He held North-Wales in Farm of King William at the Rent of 40 l. per Annum [6.] Domesday in Cestreshire besides Ross and Rewinioc extending twelve Miles in length and four in breadth which he held in Fee After this manner William placed several others in other parts of the Borders of Wales giving them great Possessions in Land These Earls of Chester had all Royal Officers and in State differed very little from Kings Earls had their great Officers of State As will be shewn more at large concerning Earl Ranulph in the Reign of King Stephen in whose time he lived All other Earls likewise had their great Officers of State though they lived not in the same Magnificence as these Earls Palatine did The manner of Investiture of an Earl and the manner of Investiture into that Dignity then was by girding them with the Sword of the County as [7.] Fol 154. l. 54. Mat. Paris observes Earls as also [8.] Spelm. Glossar verb. Baro. Earls and Barons had generally Castles c. Barons in these times had every one their Castles very well fortified and endowed with many Priviledges which were called the Head of their Baronies And thus much shall suffice to shew the grandeur of the Nobility under William which continued many Ages after him From this Digression I return to the History it self [9.] Sim. Dun. Col. 203. n. 50. A D. 1071 William the Conqueror invades Scotland King Malcolm submits William having settled England in quiet invaded Scotland by Land and Sea with design to subject it to his Government for that King Malcolme had grievously offended him and the year before had entred England and cruelly wasted the Borders thereof with Fire and Sword But so soon as he had entred Scotland King Malcolme met him at a place called Abernithi yielding to him and held his Kingdom as in subjection to him At his return William displaced [1.] Ibidem Col. 203 n. 10. Gospatric from the Earldom of Northumberland and gave it to Waltheof the Son of Earl Siward About this time the County of Main [2.] Ibidem Col. 205. n. 40. The County of Main revolts and is reduced revolted from William who went over
Arch-Bishop Anselme in relation to Ecclesiastick Power and Jurisdiction [4.] Eadm fol. 14. lin 1. Rufus kept not the Promises he made to Lanfranc he brake many of the Promises he made to Arch-Bishop Lanfranc before and at his Coronation yet while he lived he abstained from many things though against his will and inclination [5.] Ibid. n. 10 20 30. but after his death which happened [6.] Flor. Wig. fol. 644. He let to farm Bishopricks and Abbies May 24. 1089. he kept the Bishopricks and Abbacies as they fell void in his own hands or let them to Farm and took the Profits of them to his own use allowing the Monks just so much as would maintain them amongst others the Church and Arch-Bishoprick of Canterbury and Revenues thereof was then possessed and disposed of by the King to Secular uses [7.] Eadmer fol. 15. n. 30. which much troubled the Clergy and many of the Nobility that the Commune Mother of the Realm should be so long void of a Pastor At length the [8.] Ibidem fol. 16. n. 10 20 30 40. King falling Sick and being very Penitent made great Promises of ease and satisfaction to the Clergy and Nobility and being much pressed by them to make an Arch-Bishop of Canterbury he consented and enquired after a Person worthy of that Honour and Office They all perceiving the Kings inclination cried out with one accord (k) He was born in Ausburg in Germany and was first a Monk and then Abbat of the famous Monastery of Bec in Normandy [1.] Onuphr Chron Pont. Rom. An. 1080. At this time there were two [1.] Onuphr Chron Pont. Rom. An. 1080. Popes Guibert or Wibert Arch-Bishop of Ravenna called Clement the Third who was created by the means of the Emperor Henry the Fourth Anti-Pope to Gregory the Seventh Victor the Fourth Vrban the Second and Paschal the Second he was buried in the Cathedral of Ravenna Anno Domini 1101. and not long after by the Command of Paschal the Second his Body was taken up and burnt Abbat Anselme was the most worthy who brought to the King that he might receive the Investiture of the Arch-Bishoprick from his hands by the Pastoral Staff refused it affirming it might not be done [1.] Eadmer fol. 18. n. 10. Bishop Anselm pressed to accept the Arch-Bishoprick yet after very importune perswasions and pressures by the Bishops and Nobility he suffered himself to be with great Applause elected Arch-Bishop [2.] Ib. n. 40. An. Do. 1093. and had investiture of all things belonging to the Arch-Bishoprick both within it and without it on the Sixth of March 1093. But [3.] Ibidem fol. 19. n. 50. He demands Restitution of the Lands belonging to the Church of Canterbury before his Consecration he demanded of the King to restore all the Lands belonging to his Church which his Predecessor Lanfranc was possessed of without any Suit or Controversie and that he would consent he should have right done him concerning such Lands as had been in the possession of the Church and were then lost and not recovered [4.] Ibidâ—m fol. 20. lin 1. c. n. 10 20. He demands of the King to rest in his Advice in the things that pertain to God and â— Christianity He declares he had acknowledged Pope Vrban He also demanded of the King to rest in his Council before others in those things that pertain to God and Christianity and as he would have him for his Terrene Lord and Protector so the King would have him his Spiritual Father and Overseer of his Soul Also concerning (l) The other Pope at this time was [2.] Ibidem Anno 1088. Vrban a Frenchman Bishop of Ostia and acknowledged by the French and Italians he was created Pope at Terracina in Italy in March 1088. and died at Rome in August 1099. and was buried in St. Peters Church there Vrbane Bishop of Rome who the King had not yet received as Pope he said he had received him as such and should yield him all due obedience and subjection and gave him notice of it that no Offence or Scandal might arise about it for the future [5.] Ibidem n. 20 3â— The King loath to restore all the Lands The King was loath to restore all Lands but would have reserved such Lands of the Church [6.] Eadmer fo 20. n. â—0 as he after the death of Lanfranc had given to his Courtiers for particular Services and would have had Anselme consented that they might have holden them by Hereditary Right [7.] Ibidem Anselm would not consent to the alienation of any of the Church Lands but Anselme could not be brought to consent that the Church should be any ways spoiled of its Lands or Rights Hence arose the first difference [8.] Ibidem The cause of the first difference between the King and Lanfranc between the King and him about his Dignity Bishoprick and Prelatship which remained undermined during the Kings Life yet at present being urged by the [9.] Ib. n. 30. Clamour of all Men concerning the ruine and destruction of Churches A Council of the Nobility at Winchester Arch-Bishop Ansâ—lm did Homage to the King he held a Council of his Nobility at Winchester and by many great Promises of what he would do for the Church of God he perswaded Anselme to take upon him the Primacy of the English Church who induced by the Example of his Predecessor according to the Custom of the Land [3.] Eadm fol. 20. n. 30. Homo Regis factus est did Homage to the King as Lanfranc had done in his time and it was Commanded he should have seizen of the whole Arch-Bishoprick After [4.] Ibid fol. 21. lin 4. which going to take possession of it Thomas Arch-Bishop of York and all the Bishops of England met at Canterbury where he was Consecrated the Fourth of December 1093. [5.] Ibidem fol. 21. n. 30 40. fol. 22. n. 10. The King went into Normandy to take it from his Brother At that time the King endeavouring to take away Normandy from his Brother Robert wanted a great Sum of Money to accomplish his design and the new Arch-Bishop offered him 500 l. towards his Expedition which the King refused expecting at least twice so much And the King [6.] Ibid. fol. 24. n. 10 20. He presseth the King to restore the Church to its Pristine State preparing for his Voyage he expostulates with him about restoring the Church to its Pristine State and Condition which was lost and for the making Abbats in the Monasteries that were void [7.] Ibid. fol. 25. n. 10 20. Anselm falls from the Kings favour The King refuseth his Prayers and Blessings The King returns out of Normandy without success but would part with no Money not what he once offered although pressed by other Bishops saying he had given the greatest part of it to the Poor whereupon he fell from the
he died without Issue accompanying King Henry the Second at the Siege of Tholose Anno Domini 1159. or 1160. 4. Maud [2.] Ibidem his eldest Daughter died young 5. Mary [3.] Ibidem f. 44. his second Daughter first Nun then Abbess in the Nunnery of Rumsey in Hampshire being secretly taken from thence was Married to Matthew Earl of Flanders c. and had Issue by him two Daughters Ida and Maud c. His Natural Issue were 1. WIlliam [4.] Ibidem who in a Charter of the former Williams is called his Brother c. 2. Gervase [5.] Ibidem begotten of a Norman Gentlewoman named Dameta and brought into England in the year 1140. was Abbat of Westminster twenty years and died in the year 1160. THE REIGN OF King Henry II. Anno Domini 1154. WHen King Stephen died King Henry was in Normandy and after his death so soon as he had notice came for England and landed here on the Seventh of December [1.] F. 92. n. 20. How King Henry came to the Crown and as Mat. Paris says was received by the Clergy and People with great Joy and by their Acclamations saluted King and Crowned at Westminster on the Nineteenth of the same Month by Theobald Arch-Bishop of Canterbury John Brompton [2.] Col. 1043. n. 40. writes That Stephen being dead Henry the Second the Son of Maud the Empress was by Arch-Bishop Theobald Consecrated King and received an Hereditary Kingdom without diminution The People shouting for Joy and Crying out Let the King live * Gervas Chron. Col. 1377. n. 30. He Banisheth or thrusts out the Flemmings and Strangers out of England He held his Court at Christmass at Bermundsey where he Treated with his Principal Men concerning the State of the Kingdom and setling Peace and resolved to expel the Strangers out of England and destroy the small Places of Strength built during the War In the Reign of King Stephen many Strangers Flemmings especially came over as Soldiers in hopes of great Booty and Plunder and had seated themselves in England by the permission of that King and were very loath to leave their warm Seats yet by his [3.] Ib. n. 50. He demolisheth the new built Castles Edict fixing them a day for their Removal when they saw they could not continue here they left the Nation and his next work was to have all the Castles demolished which had been built since the [4.] Ibidem n. 60. death of his Father except some few which were kept up for the Strength of the Nation The [5.] Ibidem Col. 1046. n. 40 50. He recalled the Crown Rents and Lands Crown Lands and Rents which King Stephen had given to his Followers he recalled and Commanded That whosoever were possessed of them they should be restored wholly and fully without any manner of diminution Many pleaded the Charts and Donations of King Stephen To which King Henry Answered That the Charts of an Invader ought not to prejudice a Lawful Prince They were very loath at first but at length they all resigned up theiâ— Usurped Estates In Northumberland they were most resolute and therefore [6.] Ibidem n. 50 60. King Henry went thither and cited before him William Earl of Albamarle and others who with great grief submitted to his Power and yielded up the Kings Lands and Demeasns which they had possessed many years together with the Castle of Scardeburgh in Yorkshire Hugh Mortimer only opposed the King who when he was Commanded to deliver his Castle of Bridgnorth in Shropshire fortified it against him which the King besieged and in a short time took and he begging the Kings Mercy for his Rebellion was Pardoned delivering also his other Castles From William the Son of King Stephen he took all the Lands his Father had given him except such as he held in the time of King Henry his Uncle In the time of Contention between [7] Ibidem Col. 1047 n. 10. Mat. Paris f. 96. n. 40. Maud the Empress and King Stephen for the Kingdom of England David King of Scotland had in her Name seized upon the Counties of Northumberland Cumberland and Westmerland and possessed them as his own These King Henry required of him and the then King of Scotland Malcolm presently parted with them and all their Rights receiving from him the Earldom of Huntington as belonging to him of Ancient Right In March the Queen was delivered of a Son at London called after his [8.] Chron. Gervas Col. 1377. n. 50. Fathers Name Henry After Easter there was a [9.] Ibidem Col. 1378. n. 20. An. Dom. 1155. Henry Son of King Henry born General Convention of the Bishops and Chief Men of all England at Walingford where they sware Fealty to the King and his Heirs to his eldest Son William if he should outlive his Father and to the Infant Henry if he outlived his Brother Not long after the [1.] Brompton Col. 1047. n. 50 60. Col. 1048. n. 10 â—0 Guil Neub rerum Angl. lib. 2. c. 5. Mat. Paris f. 96. n. 50. Rad de Diceto Col. 535. n. 20. An. Do. 1156. The Welsh Conqueâ—ed and yield Welshmen making Incursions into England King Henry raised a great Army to subdue them or at least bring them to a Peaceable Correspondency The Welsh trusting to the security of their Woods and Mountains retreated thither upon his Approach The Van of the Army marching on as well as they could in those places was intercepted by them and a great part of it cut off Henry de Essex the Kings Hereditary Standard-Bearer threw it down and fled and told those which he met the King was dead which put the Army into great confusion but upon the Kings hasty appearance it received new vigor Rallied and forced their Enemies to such Terms as satisfied the King He cut down their Woods and made open Ways into their Country had the Castle of Roelent and all other Places of Strength delivered unto him which they had taken from his Predecessors and received the Homage and Fealty of their Nobles and Great Men. For his Cowardise [2.] Ibidem An Appeal of Treason Henry de Essex was charged by Robert de Montfort a Nobleman of Fame with Treason and in a Trial by Battle was vanquished for which he ought to have lost his Life by Law but the King spared that causing him to be Shorn a Monk in the Abby of Reding and seized all his great Estate The Welsh thus secured the King had news that his Brother [3.] Joh. Brompton Col. 1048. n 40 50. An. Do. 1257. According to Mat. Paris 1156. King Henry's Brother Geofry claims Anjou Pleads his Fathers Will and Brothers Oath Geofry was very troublesome beyond Sea He was his next Brother and his Father Geofry Earl of Anjou had by Will given him that Earldom when his Brother Henry should be possessed of the Kingdom and Dukedom of Normandy his Mothers Inheritance and
and skill was in Arguing or Defending the knowing Reader may Examin at his Leisure A while after he Excommunicated the [4] Append. N. 52. A. D. 1168. The Arch-Bishop Excommunicates the Bishop of London and commands the Dean and Chapter and Clergy of his Diocess to avoid it Bishop of London because he abused his patience grew more obdurate and would neither hear the Pope nor himself untill he gave just satisfaction and Commanded him by virtue of his Obedience the Danger of his Salvation Dignity and Order that he should abstein from the Company of all faithfull people lest he should defile the â—lock of the Lord which he was to teach and inform by his Doctrine and Example He also wrote to the [5] Ibidem N. 53. And the company of others which he had Excommunicated Dean Arch-Deacon and Clergy of the Diocess of London That by virtue of their Obedience Danger of their Salvation and Order they should avoid his Company and likewise the Company of other persons Excommunicated there named to wit Iâ—celin Bishop of Salisbury Earl Hugh Ranulph de Broc Thomas Fitz-Bernard Robert of the Church of Broc Hugh de St. Clare Letard Clerc of Northfleet Nigell de * he was Sigillifer Domini Regis Saccavill Richard the Brother of William Hastings who had usurped his Church of New Coton and informed them that on Ascension Day he would Excommunicate others which he had cited if in the mean time they made not satisfaction namely Gilbert Arch-Deacon of Canturbury and Robert his * i. e. Official Vicar Richard de Ivelcester Richard de Luci William Giffard Adam de Cheringes And all such as by the Kings Mandate or their own Rashness seized the Goods of him or his Clercs And those by whose assistance or advice the Kings mind was set against the Liberty of the Church and by whose instigation he proscribed and wasted the innocent and such as hindred the Popes Commissioners and his from persuing the Business of the Church And then Bids them not be troubled or fear because by the assistance of God and the Protection of the Apostolic See he was safe from the Tergiversations of Malignants and the Subterfuges of Appeals He gave Robert [6] Hoved. f. 294 a. N. 20. b. N. 10.20 He gives the Bishop of Hereford notice of several he had Excommunicated by name And that he had Excommunicated all such as received Benefices from the hands of Lay-men Bishop of Hereford notice by an Epistle That he had publickly Excommunicated Gilbert or as 't is here in this place Geofry Arch-Deacon of Canturbury Robert his Vicar or Official Richard de Ivecester William Giffard Earl Hugh Richard de Luci Adam de Cheringes and also all those who had received Ecclesiastical Offices or Benefices from the hands of Laymen contrary to the Canons or had usurped them by their own Authority Those likewise which hindred the Popes and his own Agents from prosecuting the Affairs of the Church And Commanded him by the Popes Authority and his own That they might be Declared excommunicate in his Diocess and so bids him farewel and commend him and the Cause of God which was in his hands to the Prayers of the Saints About this time or not long after A. D. 1169. on Twelfe Day the Kings of [7] Chron. Gervas Col. 1404. N. 50 60. England and France met at Mount Miral in Champaign where they treated of and Concluded a Peace and the Poictovins and Britans which took Arms with the King of France against the King of England were received into favor Not long after by the Perswasion of friends [3] Ibidem Col. 1405. N. 10. The King and Arch-Bishop are brought together the King and Arch-Bishop were brought together in the presence of the King of France and the Arch-Bishop offered to Commit the Controversie between them to the King himself Saving the honor of God which last words when the King heard he was very angry and reproached him very much Thomas answered him Calmly and the King observing that he gained upon the Auditory interrupted him and told the King of France he would say whatever Displeased him was contrary to the honor of God by which means and under that pretence he would Dispossesse him of all his rights But that he might not in any wise seem to intrench upon the honor of God [9] Ibidem N. 50 60. His fair offer to Thomas The King said there had been many Kings of England before him of greater and less authority than he was and there had been many Arch-Bishops of Canturbury before him great and holy men let him do what the greatest and most holy of his predecessors did to the least of the Kings predecessors and he would acquiesce in it And added That he Drove him not from the Kingdom but that he fled privately no man Compelling him And that now he insinuated to the King of France and great men that he Defended the cause of the Church of God For his part he always Willed and Granted and did then Will and grant That he should Enjoy his Church and Govern it in the same Liberty in which any of his Antecessors did best and most freely Govern it [1] Ibidem Col. 1406. lin 3. n. 10.20 Approved by the King of France On every side it was said the King yeilded sufficiently And the King of France being moved against the Arch-bishop asked him whether he would be greater than Saints or better than Peter Thomas said he would willingly receive his Church in the same Liberty his Antecessors had it but the Customes which were Contrary to the Institutions of the Holy Fathers he would not receive The Mediators advised him to submit to the King and give him his Due honor he replyed our Fathers suffered because they would not Conceal the Name of Christ And should he for the favor of Man suppresse the Honor of God All the [2] Ibid. The great men of England and France against him great men of both Kingdoms rose up against him saying his Arrogancy was the hinderance of Peace and because he resisted the Will of Both Kings he was not Worthy of the assistance of Either And seeing he was Ejected out of England France ought not to receive him The King of France his Mind was averted from him for some Days nor did he visit him as he was wont nor did he receive from him his usual supplies [3] Ibid. N. 30 40. The King of France his Aâ—tifice Jugliâ—g and Hypocâ—sie But it was not long before he sent for him and coming to the King he found him sitting with a sad Countenance not rising to him as he was wont and on a sudden he threw himself with a sob at the feet of the Arch-Bishop saying truly thou alone seest and doubling those words with a Sigh verily thou alone seest we were all blind [4] Ibid. N. 50 60. who gave the Counsel against God That
Nottingham Derby York and Lancashires Westmerland Cumberland and Northumberland and held Pleas of the Crown and Forrest The Articles of Heads whereof see in the [6] Append. N. Appendix with their English version There was a Controversie Depending between the Bishop of Durham A Controversie between the Bishop of Durham and Robert Turnham and Robert de Turnham for the Maner of Clif which was Tryed before these Justices At the [8] Ibidem n. 50. Request of Robert de Turnham the Bishop granted him he should have a Recognition or Verdict of 12 Lawful men of the Neighbourhood of Clif Philippus Dunelmensis Episcopus ad petitionem Roberti de Turnham concessit ei coram Rege Recognitionem Duodecim Legalium hominum de visneto de Clif who had the greater right in that Maner of Clif That is to say whether he Robert ought to hold that Maner of the Bishop and thereof to be his Man or Vassal inde Homo suus esse or the Bishop ought to have it Demeasn The Twelve men recognized or gave in their Verdict upon Oath The Jury give in their Verdict for Robert de Turnham That that Maner was the haereditary right of the Wife of the foresaid Robert the Daughter of William Fossard and so the Bishop lost that Maner of Clif which his Predecessors had peaceably injoyed a long time multo tempore [1] Ibid. f. 447. a. l. 1. These things were done before Hugh Bardulf Mr. Roger Arundel and Geofry Haget at that time Justices of the Pleas of the Crown at York The religious this * Ibid. f. 446. a. n. 50. A. D. 1198. same year gave the King five shillings of every Plough-Tilth as the other men of the Kingdom had done The King this year Commanded all men as well Clercs as Laics That had any Charts or Confirmations of Charts under his old Seal should carry them to his [2] Ibid. f. 446. b. l. 1. King Richards New Seal New Seal to have them renewed or they should be of no force Upon this Edict Mr. Pryn says in his first Tome of his [3] f. 1133. All Charts to be renewed Chronological Vindication c. That he found most of his Charters to Monasteries renewed in the 7 th and 10 th years of his Reign which he had granted in the first or any other year before it [4] f. 195. h. 20. Mat. Paris says they were Renewed that year about Michaelmass As it had been appointed the two Kings met to [5] Ibid. f. 449. a. n. 20 30 A. D. 1â—99 King Richard treats with King Philip on Horseback Treat on the Feast of St. Hilary or 14th of January between Andeli and Vernon The King of England came thither up the River Seyn in a Boat and not willing to come on Shore spake with the King of France as he Sate on Horse-back upon the River Bank They appointed another day of Treaty When by the Mediation of Peter of Capua Cardinal Deacon of St. Mary and the Popes Legat and by the advice of other great men on each party agreed upon a Truce for five years from that Feast A Truce agreed upon for five years Upon this only Condition That things and possessions should remain as they then were on both sides Rebus Tenementis sic se habentibus ex utraque parte ut tunc erat and confirmed the Agreement with their Oaths Mathew Paris [6] f. â—94 n. 40 50. Mat. Paris his Account of the Treaty gives a more particular Account of this last Treaty and tells us That after the Battel between Curceles and Gisors in the latter end of September or beginning of October 1198. wherein the King of France his Troops were routed and much weakened Compelled by necessity he sent to the Pope to Request his interposition That a Peace or at least a Truce for some time might be made between him and the King of England That such as were willing to undertake the Crusado might with the greater liberty and forwardness do it and that it might be accomplished with more firm security he desired a Cardinal might be sent with such full power That if need were he might force either of them if obstinate to peace and Concord Pope Innocent who much affected the Business of the Cross induced thereto more by money then Devotion Innocentius Papa qui negotium Crucis plurimum affectabat plus pretio quam precibus inductus Misit c. sent Peter de Capua a Cardinal to make Peace between them who when he came to the King of France by his Advice took some Bishops of both Nations with him and went to the King of England and Opened to him what injuries damages and depredations had been and might be done in both their Dominions if a firm Peace was not established King Richard [7] Ibid. f. 195. lin 1. King Richard refuses to do any thing upon the Popes accouâ— answered with indignation That he was not of right to do any thing upon the Popes Account especially seeing he had often requested him To compel the King of France by Ecclesiastical Censures to restore him his Dominions and Castles he had unjustly seized upon Despising the Oath he made not to give him any Trouble while he was in the Holy Land reducing it to the Obedience of the Christians And therefore in regaining his Inheritance by reason of the Popes Remisness he was forced to consume a vast Summe of Money when as the King of France had not only been guilty of Perjury but deserved to have had the Sentence of Excomunication pronounced against him Neither did he know whether he desired a Truce or not Then the [8] Ibid. n. 10 The Cardinal advice to King Richard Cardinal calling the King aside and injoyning him secresie acknowledged That he was sent from the Pope at the instance of the King of France That he might compound the Differences between them and Advised the King for that time to acquiesce in the Popes Desire and to be certainly assured That he would hear him as well concerning the King of France as in all his other affairs Otho his Nephew Crowned King of the Romans King Richard was mightily pleased his Nephew Otho had been Crowned King of the Romans and did hope by the Popes favor to promote him to the Empire and therefore being also urged by the importunity of many others he yielded and confirmed it by Oath That for five years the Subjects and Tradesmen of both their Dominions might have free intercourse pass and repass peaceably to Fairs and buy and sell one with another After this Truce King Richard [9] Paris f. 195. n. 30. Hoved. f. 449. b. n. 10 20. King Richard wounded in the Arm by an Arrow He Dyed of the Wound went into Poictou and the parts adjoyning to settle his Affairs there Widomar the Viscount or Sherif of Limosin had found a great Treasure of Gold in his
called a Parlement at Winchester by Advice whereof the Liberties of the City of London were seised for their Rebellion and the greatest Offenders committed to Prison to be punished at the Kings Pleasure This Parlement also [4] Append. n. 223. The Parlement gave the King the Rebels Lands gave the King all the Rebels Lands and he appointed two Commissioners in each County who with the Sheriff were to Extend them and return the Extent with the names of the Lands and the names of those whose Lands they were to him at Westminster by the Feast of St. Edward that is the 13th of October and they were to appoint two Collectors in every Hundred to Collect Michaelmass Rent and to deliver them a Note what it was This Commission bears Date at Winchester the 21st of September Paris says The King grants them to his faithful Subjects The King on the Feast of St. Edward Disinherited all that stood with Montfort and gave their Lands to those that had faithfully served him according to their Merits f. 999. lin 7. On the sixth of October the King [5] Append. n. 224. His Writ to the Guardians of the City of London wrote to his four Guardians of his City of London Humfry de Bohun Earl of Hereford John de Bailol Roger de Leyburn and Robert Walerand That whereas the Mayor Citizens and whole Comunity of the City aforesaid had as well concerning their Lives and Limbs as their Lands Tenements Goods and other things whatsoever submitted themselves to the Kings pleasure Therefore they were to cause Proclamation to be made That his Peace should be firmly kept in the City and parts adjoyning to preserve it from being plundred On the same day the King [6] Append. N. 225. He makes Philip de Covel Sheriff of Middlesex directed his Writ to all such as had Business at the County Court for Middlesex that because he had not then appointed a Sheriff in that County he commanded them to submit to and obey Philip de Conel or Covel as his Sheriff who was to hold the Court for that day On the same [7] Pat. 49. H. 3. N. 21. He gave the Lands of two Citizens of London to his Son Edward day he declares he had given all the Lands and Goods of Thomas Diwelesdon and Michael Thâ—ny Citizens of London to his Son Edward On the 15th of October the King [8] Pat. 49. H 3. M. 4. He commits the Custody of London to Hugh Fâ—tz-Oto during pleasure committed the Custody of the City and Tower of London to Hugh Fitz Oto during pleasure answering the profits of them at the Exchequer and Roger Leyburn was commanded to deliver them and the Citizens and Community of London were commanded to be answerable and submit to him in all things appertaining to his Guardianship This year died Pope Vrban the 4th to whom succeeded [9] Mat. Westm f. 396. N. 50. Pope Vrban the 4th dies and Clement the 4th Succeeds Clement the 4th before his Consecration he was Guido Bishop of la Sabina a Cardinal and Legat sent for England but the [1] Ibid. f. 397. lin 6. Ottobâ—n sent a Legat into England Barons and Bishops would not suffer him to Land there when he was come as far as Bologne in France and therefore he Excommunicated several of the Bishops He at the Request of King Henry sent Ottobon Deacon-Cardinal of St. Adrian Legat into England and Crowned [2] Paris f. 999. n. 50. A. D. 1266. 50 Hen. 3. Those that were forced to serve against the King had their Lands restored Charles Brother to the King of France King of Sicily at Rome Many persons pretended and pleaded for themselves That against their Wills they were forced into the Service of Simon Montfort The King directed his Writ to the [3] Claus 50 H. 3. M. 10. Dors Sheriffs of several Counties to make Inquisition whether it was so or not and if found to be so they had seisin of their Lands again so as they stood to Right in the Kings Court. Dated November 6. The men of the Cinque-Ports that were the Kings Enemies and had taken part with the Earl of Leycester committed Rapin and Piracy at Sea The King [4] Claus 50. H. 3. M. 9. Dors wrote to the Bayliffs and Good men of Yarmouth to set forth 20 Ships with 40 men in every Ship at least to be at Sandwich by the first of January to Chase and Fight with and take his Enemies Dated November 24. The City and Tower of London and County of Middlesex with all Appertinencies were [5] Pat. 50. H. 3. M. 41. n. 117. The King appoints two Keepers of London during pleasure committed to the Custody of John Walerand and John de la Lind during pleasure to answer the Profits arising from them at the Exchequer and Hugh Fitz Oto was commanded to deliver them Dated November 28. The King sent his [6] Claus 50. â— 3. M. 8. Dors He commands all his Military Tenants to attend him at Northampton Precepts to all the Sheriffs in England to make Proclamation in their respective Counties That all who held of him in Capite and ought him service should be at Northampton on the 27th of January to go against his Enemies in the Castle of Kenelworth and other Straglers that would renew the War if not prevented Dated December the 20th at Northampton The Abbot of Peterburgh [7] Ibidem made fine and compounded with the King for this Expedition only at Fourscore Marks The King at [8] Paris f. 1000. n. 20. Simon Montfort the younger submits to the Kings pleasure Christmas was at Northampton with his Queen The King of Almain and the Legat by the mediation of friends Simon Montfort the younger submitted himself to the Judgment of the Legat the King of Almain his Uncle and Philip Basset and left it to them to make what Terms for him they thought fit with the King saving to himself his Life and Limbs and excepting perpetual Imprisonment Simon was brought to the King and it was [9] Ibid. n. 30. Kenelworth Castle refuse to yield Determined he should deliver the Castle of Kenelworth to the King and depart the Kingdom and receive out of the Exchequer every year 500 Marks until there should be a Peace established But those within the Castle not liking these Conditions would neither yield it to the King nor Simon who was yet under a Guard and said they received not the Castle to defend from Simon but from the Countess his Mother and would surrender it to none but her and that in her presence The Citizens of London made [1] Pat. 50. H. 3. M. 35. Cedula The City of London Fined and pardoned and restored under Conditions Fine to the King for their Offences toward him his Queen Richard King of Almain his Brother and his Son Edward 2000 Marks for which he pardoned their Transgressions and Excesses omnes
except as before excepted in other Counties and Shires Hertfordshire was described after the same manner In Dominio c. ibi sunt c. there are Villans Bordars Cotars Servants and now and then a Socman appears so in all the Towns of the Shire and not any other Persons of Quality or name to be found except as hath been said before Bochinghamscire [6] Ibid. f. 43. a Col. 1. Terra Regis EIlesberia Domicum Manerium Regis pro vi Hidis se defendit Terra est xvi Car. in Dominio sunt Duae ibi x Villani cum xiii Bordar habent x Car. et adhuc quatuor fieri possunt ibi Duo Servi et Duo Molini de xxiii sol In totis valentiis reddit lvi lib. artas et pensatas et de Thelonio x lib. ad numerum T. R. E. reddebat xxv lib. ad numerum Aylesbury the Kings Maner solely under his power was rated or taxed at sixteen Hides the Arable is sixteen Carucates in Demeasn there are two there are ten Villans with fourteen Bordars they have ten Carucates and yet there may four more be made there are two Servants and two Mills of twenty three Shillings Rent Meadow sufficient for eight Ploughs and as much more as will Rent for twenty Shillings In the whole value it pays fifty six Pounds * There was always in those times a fire ready in the Exchequer and if they liked not the Allay of the Money they burnt it and then weighed it burnt and weighed And for Tol ten Pounds by Tale In the time of King Edward it paid five and twenty Pounds by Tale. So through all this Country in the Entry of every Town none or very rarely others to be found than Villans Bordars Servants Glowcestrescire [7] Ibid. f. 162. a. Col. 2. Terra Regis In Dudestan Hund. HAbuit quidam Tainus Edmarus iii Maner Hersefell Athelai et Sanher iste homo potuit vendere et dare Terram suam Cui voluerit pro duabus Hidis se defendebat haec Terra in Dominio erant viii Carucat iiii Villani iiii Bordar xxx Servi cum v Car. ibi pratum sufficiens Carucis Edmar a certain Thane had three Maners Hersefel Atheley and Sanher he might sell and give his Land to whom he pleased This Land was rated at three Hides There were in Demeasn eight Carucates and four Villans and four Bordars and thirty Servants with five Carucates There is Meadow for the Ploughs Brictric fil Algar tenuit Turneberie ibi T.R. E. erant xi Hid. iiii Car. in Dominio xlii Villani xviii Radchenistr cum xxi Carucat xxiiii Borda xv Servi iiii Coliberti ibi Duo Molini c. Brictric the Son of Algar held Turnbury there in the Time of King Edward were eâ—even Hides and four Carucates in Demeasn and forty two Villans and xviii Radchenistres with twenty one Carucates and twenty four Bordars and xv Servants and four Coliberts there are two Mills c. In this Shire no other noted in the Entries of Towns c. but Villans Bordars Servants in Dominio and sometime Radchenistres The same manner of Entry in Glowcestre scire none to be found but men of the Condition In Herefordshire Ibid. f. 79. b. Col. 1. the same Method and the same Names and Persons and no others In Dominio Villans Bordars Servants and sometimes Ancillae or Maid Servants Cotars and Radchenistres In Grentebridge scire thy same way of Entry in every Town but that the Words in Dominio are wanting in most places and they are found thus in every Town alalmost There are Villans Bordars Servants Cotars and sometime Socmen though but seldom Huntedune Ibid. f. â—03 b. Col. 1. and Bedeford scire f. 209. a. Col. 2. generally in every Town are found in Dominio only Villans Bordars Servants and sometimes ibi Villans Bordars Servants and now and then some Socmen appear Northante scire [2] Ibid. f. â—19 a. Col. 2. Terra Regis REx tenet Chetene ibi sunt vii Hidae Terra est xiii Car. In Dominio sunt Duae iii Servi xii Sochmani xxiiii Villani v Bordar cum Presbytero tenentes xi Car. The King holds Chetene There are seven Hides the Arable is thirteen Carucates there are two in Demeasn and three Servants and xii Sochmans and twenty four Villans and five Bordars with a Priest or the Parson having eleven Carucates c. In this Shire the Entries are in Dominio sunt Villans Bordars Servants most frequently sometime Socmans and sometimes ibi sunt c. Ledecestre scire as this Warwic scire [3] Ibid. f. 238. b. Col. 2. Terra Regis REX tenet Brailes Edwinus Comes tenuit ibi sunt xlvi Hid. Terra est lx Car. in Dominio sunt vi xii Servi iii Ancillae C Villani xxx Bordar cum xlvi Car. ibi Molin de x sol C acr prati Silv. iii leug long ii leug lâ—t T. R. E. Reddebat xvii lib. x sol modo val lv lib. xx summas Salis. The King holds Brailes Earl Edwin held it there are forty six Hides the Arable is sixty Carucates there are six in Demeasn and twelve Servants and three Maid Servants and an hundred Villans and xxx Bordars with forty six Carucates There is a Mill of ten Shillings Rent and an hundred Acres of Meadow a Wood three Miles long and two Miles broad In the time of Kings Edward it yielded seventeen Pound ten Shillings now it pays fifty five Pounds and twenty Seam of Salt Here in this Shire the Entries are in Dominio Servants Villans Bordars rarely if at all any others Statford-scire as this County In Dominio Servants Villans Bordars Sciropescire [4] Ibid. f. 252. a. Col. 2. Terra Episcopi Hereford EPiscopus de Hereford tenet de Rege Lideberie tenuit T. R. E. ibi liii Hid. Geld. In Dominio sunt iiii Car. xxxviii Villani iiii Bordar viii Radmans cum xxviii Bordar inter omnes habent xxiii Car. ibi duo servi et Molin serv Aulae Silv. clx Porc. incrassand The Bishop of Hereford holds of the King of Lidbury and held it in the time of King Edward There are fifty five Hides taxed in Demeasn there are four Carucates and thirty eight Villans and four Bordars and eight Radmans with twenty eight Bordars amongst them all they had twenty three Carucates There are two Servants and one Mill which serves the Hall and Wood sufficient to fat one hundred and sixty Hogs The manner of Entry through this Shire was in Dominio Servants Villans Bordars Radmans Derby-scire The Entries likewise in Dominio Servants Villans Bordars ibi sunt c. habet Rex Servants Villans Bordars Snotingham scire [5] Ibid. f. 284. a. Col. 2. Terra Abbatis Sancti Petri de Burgh IN Colingham habet Sanctus Petrus de Burgh iv Car. Terra dimid Bovat
on all sides they assail the Forragers and Charge up to the very Legions and Standards the Romans by a stout onset repelled them and the Horse never gave over the Pursuit being confident in the aid of the Legions that followed them until they totally routed them and having killed a great number of them The Britains Totally Routed Very many slain they gave them neither time to Rally to make a Stand or to leap from their Chariots Forthwith upon this Overthrow the Auxiliaries which had come from all parts departed neither after that time did the Enemy appear with so great strength Caesar knowing their Design Caesar Marches toward Cassibelans Country Marches with his Army towards the Frontiers of (h) Cassivellannus Cassibelanus or rather Cassibelinus Prince or Ruler of the Cassii Cassibelan Who. some remains of whom there seems yet to be Caisbo Hundred wherein are Situated the Ruines of Verulam Cassibelaus Chief Town Belinus signifying commonly in this Island a Chief King Prince or Ruler So Cinobelin as it were Icenobelin Prince of the Iceni Camb. Britan. 275.292 Annotations on Giral Cambr. Desc of Wales c. 3. Camb. Brit. 213. Bede Eccles Hist cap. 2. fol. 26. and happily might be the same that Czar Cham Sultan Tentomarus and Gottiso are and were among the Moscovites Tartars Turks Tentones and Goths Dr. Powel sayes further That Hely the Father of Lud and this Cassibeline was called Magnus Belinus that is Great Belin. Cassibelan upon the River Thames (i) Near Oatlands in Surrey sayes Cambden at a place called Cowaye-Stakes and in this conjecture he affirms he could not be mistaken for that it was 80 Miles from the Shore of Kent as Caesar accounted and for other Reasons there assigned which was passable with Foot in one place only and that with difficulty when he came thither he perceived great Forces of the Enemy in good Order ready to receive him on the other side of the River the Bank being set with (k) Bede says the Remains of these Stakes were to be seen in his time which were about the Bigness of a Mans Thigh and Plated over with Lead sharp Stakes and others of the same kind covertly placed in the River whereof Caesar having notice from Prisoners and Fugitives sending his Horse first over presently Commands his Legions to follow who waded over so speedily and resolutely their heads only appearing above water and both Horse and Foot Charged the Enemy with such violence that they forsook the Bank and fled Cassibelan now out of hope to contend for Victory Cassibelan dismisseth the greatest part of his Army Keepeth only 4000 Charioteers to attend Caesar's Motion dismisseth the greatest part of his Forces keeping about 4000 Chariots to attend the Motion of the Romans and going somewhat out of the way securing himself in Woods and Fastnesses drives all away both Men and Cattel where the Romans were to pass whose Horse as they roved up and down to Wast and Plunder the Charioteers sallying out of the Woods surprized and cut off hereupon Caesar commands them not to depart from the Legions so that now as they Marched there was nothing left to do but to Wast empty Fields and Burn Houses Meanwhile the (l) Trinobantes Middlesex and Essex Trinobantes a very considerable People among the Britains from whom (m) He is by Entropius Bede and later Writers called Androgens as is noted by Cambden but why he knows not unless for his Wickedness and Treason for such a signification is plainly couched in that Name and he was one of the three first that called the Romans into Britain and betrayed the Country Mandubrace went to Caesar into Gallia and followed his Fortune his Father Imanuentius having been King in that Country whom Cassibelan had slain and this young Man saving his Life by flight send Ambassadors to Caesar The Trinobantes send Ambassadors and yield themselves who promising to yield themselves and be at his Command desire him to Protect Mandubrace and to commit the Government of their Country unto him Caesar requires Forty Hostages and Provision for his Army and sends Mandubrace unto them they comply with his Commands and sent what he required The Trinobantes being Protected from the violence of the Soldier the (n) The * Camb. 329. Iceni Who. Cam. Brit. 19â— There 273. There 207. Camb. Brit. 275.292 Cassibel Town There 292. Cam. Brit. 298. Dio. Book 43.224 225. Caesar 's Origin from Anchises and Venus Iceni who possessed Northfolk Southfolk Cambridge and Huntington-shires Cenimagni (o) were People in Hamshire in Holdshot Hundred and thereabouts Segintiaci (p) They inhabited Henley Hundred in Oxfordshire Ancalites (q) Their Seat was the Hundred of Bray about Maydenhead in Barkshire which seems to be a Contract from Bibract Bibroci (r) They gave name to the Hundred of Caishoâ— in Hertfordshire in which Old Verulam stood and where and in the Country thereabouts the Cassi were placed Cassi by their Ambassadors yield themselves to Caesar from these he understood Cassibelins (Å¿) Verulam out of whose Ruines St. Albans was Built Town was not far off strengthned and surrounded with Woods and Marshes Several other Nations also yield to Caesar well filled with Men and Cattel for the Britains call intricate Woods compassed about with a Mud-Wall and a Ditch a Town whether they were wont to resort for the avoiding the Incursions of their Enemies Thither Marches Caesar with his Legions he found the place notably Fortify'd by Nature and Art yet he Assaults it in two places Cassibelin's Town The Britains for some while defended it but not able to sustain the Force of the Romans fled out at another part of the Town What a Town was among the Britains Cassibelin's Town taken great store of Cattel were found there many were taken and many were slain in their flight While these things are done here Cassibelin sends into Kent where there were Four Kings Reigning Cingetorix Carvilius Taximagulus and Seegonax them he Commands to raise all the Force they could The Roman Ship-Camp assaulted The Britains Beaten Lugotorix taken and suddenly to assault the Ship-Camp this was attempted but when they came near unto it the Romans sallyed out killed many of them and took their Noble Leader or Captain (t) Or Cingetorix rather Lugotorix retreating safely to their Camp Cassibelin hearing of the Event of this Enterprise being often defeated and his Country wasted but most of all moved with the Revolt of his (u) Cities or People for Caesar always called a People living under and using one Law and the same Customs Civitas or a City Cities useth the Mediation of Comius of Arras to send Ambassadors about his Submission to Caesar who determining to Winter in Gallia Caesar departs taking Hostages c. Thus far Caesar's Commentaries Pliny Nat. Hist lib. 9. c. 35. by reason of some sudden Commotions there and the Summer being almost
Paludes and from thence they annoyed and made Eruptions upon the Romans The old Germans retire into Woods and Bogs Lastly the English Saxons followed the practice of those in old Germany in holding their general Councils Conventions They held Councils as our English Saxons at Easter Whit-sunday and Christmas or Placita's at Christmas Easter and Whitsontide and that is the reason the old German Historians and Annalists as well as ours do constantly note in their Histories where their Kings or Emperors kept these Feasts because at those times were present also in Court all the Bishops and Temporal Nobility who were the only Body of such Councils Our Saxon and Danish Kings before the Conquest with the advice of the Clergy and Nobility in their great Councils and Conventions made divers Laws for the Government of the Church of England and regulating the Clergy And in them make Laws Ecclesiastick as well as Civil and directing them in their Offices and appointing what they should do and amongst all their Laws put out by Lambard there are some Ecclesiastical Laws to be found but more especially and the greatest number in Alfreds Edwards Edgar 's and Canute's Laws Some whereof are cited in the second part of this History And it appears by the antient Laws of the German people the Saxons Franc's English Burgundians Lombards c. and by the Capitularies of Charles the Great and Lewis his Son and by their antient Historians that the like usage and Custom was in old Germany and that theirs as well as our Princes called these Synods presided and determined in them or some Bishops by their appointment or permission in all things relating to the Order and Government of the National Church both there and here for ought that I could ever find although their Theological Articles and Opinions for the most part might be the same or not much different from the Doctrines of the general Christianity then received and practised Yet it cannot be denied but that the English Church received many things from the Roman by way of Commendation Advice and Direction as being that place from whence the Saxons in a great measure received their Conversion and Rome the most celebrious and famous place for the Profession of Christianity as it was then generally used and practised though from thence it received not in after-times the Ecclesiastical Laws and Rules made for the Government of it No Incroachments upon Regal Authority or Popes Legates here before the Conquest nor were the Pope's Incroachments upon Regal Authority or Usurpations and Exactions upon the Rights and Liberties of the Church and People or the Power and Authority of domineering Legates known here before the Conquest True it is that in the Saxons times before the Conquest at the request of Kings and other great Personages that Popes did confirm the Foundations Liberties and Priviledges of several Monasteries and strengthen them as the Founders in those ignorant Ages thought by their Benediction upon the Favorers and Anathema's upon the Infringers of them And these Applications to the Pope were no real Arguments of any just legal Authority he had in this Nation but only of the opinion men had in those times of and deference to the efficacy of his Blessings and Cursings Three Objections against that Assertion answered Against what is said there are three Instances which may be insisted on the first is of an Appeal to Rome by Wilfrid Bishop of York having been put from his Arch-bishoprick by Ecgfrid King of Northumberland and that he was restored by the Authority of Pope Agatho and being removed from his See the second time by King Alfrid Son of Ecgfrid he was restored by order and command of Pope John the Sixth This Story is related at large by [1.] Lib. 3. de gestis Pontif. fol. 147. b. n. 10. Malmesbury yet as he says it was but a Compendium of a larger written by one * See Actorum Benedictinorum Tom. 5. Edit Par. Per J. Mabillon Stephan a Priest but wanting an opportunity of perusing these Acts of the Benedictines shall relate the matter of fact from Bede who at the time of this Controversie was twenty years of Age and a Monk in the Monastery of Weremouth in the Bishoprick of Duresme but then and not long before in the Diocess of York who being a diligent observer of these things must give us the best account of this case The matter of Fact as 't is by him reported was this [2.] Bede Eccl. fol 443. Anno Dom. 680. Wilfrid put from his Bishoprick by Ecgfrid Wilfrid was forced from his Bishoprick by King Ecgfrid he appeals to Rome where in the presence of Pope Agatho and many Bishops by the judgment of them all he had been accused without fault and found worthy of his Bishoprick But at his return notwithstanding this Judgment he was [3.] Ibidem fol. 292. kept out of his Bishoprick by King Ecgfrid or as [4.] De gest pontif fol. 11â— b. n. 50. Malmesbury hath it both by the resistance of Ecgfrid and Theodore Arch-bishop of Canterbury who was a Greek sent from Rome and made Arch-bishop by the Pope This Wilfrid had his Education mostly at Rome and in France [5.] Ibidem fol. 148. a. n. 30 from whence he returned into England with the French Elegancy or Fineness and the Roman Pomp. And the Lux Splendor and Pomp he lived in were his only [6.] Ibid. 149. a. n. 40. Crimes if we believe that Author and he says not plainly that he was thrust out of his Bishoprick but that King Ecgfrid and Arch-bishop Theodore He was not restored by the Pope taking notice of his pompous way of living Theodore thought the largeness of his Diocess and profits of it sufficient to maintain four Bishops and therefore he ordained two other Bishops for [7.] Ibidem fol. 111. b. n. he placed and displaced Bishops where he pleased in that Diocess and for this cause he appealed to Rome After the death of Ecgfrid [8.] Bed uti supra fol. 444. An. Dom. 686. in the second year of the Reign of (Å¿) Alfrid began his Reign the first [3.] Floren. Wigorn. fol. 566. day of June Anno Dom. 685. when his Brother Ecgfrid was slain so that Wilfrid was restored to his Bishoprick Anno Domini 686. and to that of [4.] Ibidem Hagustald or Hexam in Northumberland only and put out again five years after Anno Domini 691. in the time of Pope Sergius who was created as [5.] Chron. Pontif. Rom. fol. 21. Onuphrius says December 17. 687. and died September 8. Anno Domini 701. to whom Pope John the Sixth succeeded 29 of October following and died the seventh of January Anno Domini 705. And if any Appeal was it must be to this John the Sixth above ten years after his last Expulsion by Alfrid which is scarce credible for probably he would not have had patience
died He obtains many Victories over the Danes Scots and Irish Ibidem The Welch agree to pay him a yearly Tribute They are bounded with the River Wye This King obtained many great Victories over the Danes Scots and Irish and forced Constantine King of Scotland and Eugenius King of Cumberland to yield their Kingdoms he made the North-Britains or Welch to submit who assembling at Hereford agreed to pay him a yearly Tribute of twenty pound weight in Gold three hundred pound weight in Silver and 25000 head of Cattel as Malmsbury yet but 2500 as others and made the River (a) The River which passes by Hereford and not far from Chepstowe falls into the Severn Wye their utmost boundary he also subdued the (b) So called because they inhabited the West part of Britain which is now called Cornwall they are sometimes also called the South-Britains in respect of the Welch which were called North-Britains Western-Britains removed them from Excester which he strengthned with Walls and Towers Ibidem and confined them within the River (c) This River parts Devonshire and Cornwall and runs into the Sea by Plimouth Tamar as their utmost limit The Cornish with the River Tamar The Fame of this King filled all Europe and he married his Sisters one to Otho Son to the Emperor of Germany another to Hugh King of France Foreign Princes purchase his favor with Gifts a third to Lewis Prince of Aquitain a fourth to Harrold King of Norway all which and many other neighbouring Princes for to purchase his Friendship sent him great and very rich Presents but his noble and glorious Actions were sullied and blackened with the Death of his Brother Edwin if true as 't is storied That by order of Athelstan out of Jealousie of State he was put into a small Pinnace without either Tackle or Oars accompanied only with one Page with grief whereof the young Prince leaped into the Sea and drowned himself this Malmsbury thinks not to be true by reason of his great kindness to his other Brothers and Sisters and says the Story was only found in the Songs of former Ages and in no good Author his Grandfather Aelfrid knighted this King in his Childhood Athelstan knighted by his Grandfather Aelfred putting him on a Scarlet Cloak and girting him with a Belt set with Gems and a Saxon Sword in a Golden Scabbard He with the advice of his Bishops and great men (d) Most of the Saxon Kings Laws are Collections or Repetitions of other and former Laws they most commonly confirmed or new worded the old but made not many new Laws made many very good Laws for preserving Peace and the Government of his Country and some clearly Ecclesiastick The Punishment of Murther Pecuniary but amongst the rest established the (e) This Custom and manner of Punishment seems now very strange that Money should be a price of Blood and Murther nay for the Blood of Kings surely in these Ages Money was more valuable than we can easily imagine price of Murther or Man-killing from the King to the Peasant the Punishment of which at that time was Pecuniary not Capital or by Death which because it makes out the Usage of those times I shall particularly recite The price of the King's Life by the common Law of the English The Estimate of Heads or value of Lives from the King to the Peasant was 30000 (f) From the Saxon word THRIM Thrimsa what Thrim three or a third as Sir Hen. Spelm. in his Glossary who there thinks a Thrimsa was to the value of three shillings Somner in his Saxon Dictionary says it was a piece of Money or Coin of an uncertain value Selden takes it to be a third part of a Shilling Tit. hon fol. 501. whatsoever it was these Sums were a Poor Price and a slender satisfaction for Blood especially Royal and Noble Blood And therefore the learned Author of the Notes upon the Life of Alfrid thinks that willful malitious or clancular Murther was never Penal but only Manslaughter and that after it had been declared such by the Judges fol. 68. But see William the First his Laws Thrimsa's whereof 15000 were paid to his Kinred and 15000 to the Nation or People The Life of an Archbishop or Earl was valued at 15000 Thrimsa's to be divided as the former The Life of a Bishop or Alderman at 8000. The Life of a Field-Marshal Knight-Marshal or General 4000. The Life of a Mass-Thane or Priest and a Secular or World Thane 2000. The Life of a Peasant or Country-man by the Danes Law was 267 Thrimsa's The Life of a Welch-man if he grew so rich as to maintain a Family possess Land and pay a yearly Tribute to the King was valued at 220 Shillings but if he possessed only half of a Hide of Land then it was valued at 80 Shillings and if he did not possess any Land then at 70 shillings If a Churl or Rustick grew so Rich as that he became Owner of five Hides of Land his Life was valued at 2000 Thrimsa's or if his Sons or Grandchildren arrived to the same Wealth they were under the same Valuation The Morcians valued the Life of a Peasant at 200 shillings and the Life of a Thane at 1200 and they were wont to value the Kings Life equal with 6000 Thanes that is 30000 Sceates and so much his Death the price of his Life was paid to his Kinred and the Compensation of his Death to the People Edmund Edred A. D. 940. The Oath of him whose Life was valued at 1200 shillings was equal to the Oaths of six Peasants and the Oath of a Priest was equal to the Oath of a Thane Oaths valued according to Wealth Edmund An. Dom. 940. Saxon Annals A. D. 942. Takes Lincoln Nottingham Stanford and Derby Ibidem A. D. 944 945. He subdues Northumberland Gives Cumberland to Malcolm King of Scots A.D. 943 944. In the year of our Lord 940. Edmund Brother and Heir to Athelstan was crowned King in the second year of his Reign he cleared Mercia of the Danes and took from them the Cities of Lincoln Nottingham Stanford and Derby the two Danish Kings Anlaf and Reginald became Christians and had Edmund for their Godfather yet notwithstanding this Spiritual Relation and Sonship they soon prove his Enemies and invade him who put them both to flight and took into his own hands Northumberland and gave Cumberland to Malcolm King of Scots to hold of him by Fealty and upon condition he should assist him by Sea and Land About this time Odo or Oda Archbishop of Canterbury set forth Canons in the second whereof he admonishes the King and great men that they obey their Archbishops and Bishops with all Humility this King also with the advice of his Bishops and Lay-Nobility commanded and established many Laws He makes many Ecclesiastick Laws whereof many were purely Ecclesiastick after he had reigned
six years and behaved himself Nobly both in Peace and War Malms l. 2. c. 7. He finished his days by a sad accident for Feasting with his Nobles on St. Augustin's day at Puckle-kerke in Glocestershire to celebrate the Memory of his first converting the Saxons he discovered Leof a noted Thief whom he had banished sitting among his Guests at which being much moved rising from the Table he ran to him and laying hold of his Hair he pulled him to the ground and while they were struggling He is killed by a Thief the Thief privately drew out a Dagger with which he mortally wounded the King in the Breast so as he died presently the Company immediately fell upon the Murtherer and cut him in pieces the King's body was carried to Glastonbury and there magnificently buried Edred A. D. 946. Ibidem He subdues the Northumbrians and makes the Scots swear Fealty After him Edred third Brother of Athelstan in the Nonage of Edmund's Sons took upon him the Government He subdued the Northumbrians and made the Scots of such a pliant Temper as they swore to do whatever he would have them he imprisoned Wulstan Archbishop of York upon suspition of having connived at the Revolt of his Country-men but having respect to his Dignity and Office he released him A. D. 955. in the flower of his Age he sickned and died after he had been King about ten years He confirmed to the Monastery of Crowland their Lands by Charter and granted many Priviledges to it Ingulph Fol. 498. b. A. D. 948. under the Penalty of 100 l. to be paid to his Treasury and Damages and Costs whatsoever the Monks should sustain by any Infringer of them to be taxed by the Oaths of four or five honest men before the King's Judges Edwin A. D. 955. Flor. Wigor fol. He rejects Monks and brings into Monasteries Secular Priests A. D. 957. Mercia and Northumberland choose Edgar for their K. The next after him was Edwin Son to King Edmund a dissolute Prince of whom there is little memorable only that he was prompted to it by the Council of his Harlot Algiva he ejected the Monks and brought in Seculars into Monasteries he was so displeasing to the People that the Mercians and Northumbrians chose his Brother Edgar for the King and the same year Edwin died In all the Reign of Edgar there was no Wars Edgar A. D. 959. the Saxons cheerfully obeying him in all his Dominions and being very kind and favourable to the Danes they gave him no disturbance he recalled Dunstan from Banishment and in a severe Oration to the Clergy Spelm. con 77. He reproves the Lives of the Clergy Edgar's Speech to the Clergy M. S. Commits the Reformation of them to three Bishops he perstringes the Lives of the Seculars tells them of their impudent Whoreing Diceing Singing and Roaring Drinking Excess in Apparel Luxury in Diet Dogs and Hawks Sports Pastimes and idle Living and in fine commits the care of their Reformation to Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury Athelwold Bishop of Winchester and Oswold Bishop of Worcester with order that by his Regular Authority and their Episcopal Censures the filthy Livers by which he meant the Seculars might be ejected and regular men by which he meant the Monks restored to their Monasteries his Government was attended with Peace Honour and Prosperity from whence he acquired the Title of Peaceable as he might also have done that of Just His great love to Justice for in his Circuits and Progresses through the Country he did take a special account of the Demeanor of his Ministers and Judges Malms l. 2. c. 8. so that the greatest Persons could not elude the Law or the poorest want the benefit of it To repress Drunkenness which the Danes had brought in Ibidem He restrains excess in Drinking he caused Silver or Gold Pins to be fixed to the sides of their Pots or Cups beyond which they should not drink themselves nor force others to drink With the Vices of the times he also extirpated the wild Beasts imposing upon Ludwal King of Wales Ibidem He injoyns the Welch a Tribute of Wolves a yearly Tribute of three hundred Wolves which so totally destroyed them in three years that the fourth there was none to be found He was very careful in guarding the Coasts with several stupendious and great Navies if we may credit Matt. of Westminster who says they were 4800 Ships divided into four Squadrons A. D. 975. His Fleets consisted of 4800 Ships Ibidem whereof 1200 appointed to each Quarter of the Island meeting each other as they sailed to and fro in Summer time he himself was in the Fleet. By this means he preserved his Country from the danger of forreign Invasion At Chester from his Palace to St. John's Church and from thence to his Palace he was rowed by eight Petty Kings while himself sat at the Helm they all swearing Fealty to him Flor. Wigor A. D. 937. Eight Kings swear Fidelity to him His inordinate and indiscreet Lust and that they would assist him by Sea and Land notwithstanding these great just and honourable Performances he wanted not his Vices yielding too much to his inordinate Lust giving that Tyrant Passion too great a Dominion over his Reason his Prudence and Discretion being overborn by that torrent which together with the due wariness and circumspection which ought to attend the Actions of Princes were all absorpt in that lascivious Gulph for the great and indiscreet Liberty he gave himself this way but especially for forcing of a Nun Lib. 2. c. 8. Dunstan injoyns him seven years Pennance c. as Malmsbury reports Archbishop Dunstan severely reproved him and injoyned him seven years Pennance with strict Fastings and Abstinence also that he should reform the Lives of the Clergy build Monasteries make good Laws and see them executed and do many Alms-deeds which when he had finished Spel. con fol. 482. with his seven years Pennance Dunstan in a full Assembly of all the Nobility and Bishops set the Crown upon his head which he had commanded him not to wear the time of his Pennance Edgar A. D. 975. all this was done with the applause of this great Assembly to the praise of God and St. Dunstan He died having reigned sixteen years He built and repaired 47 Monasteries in which time he built and repaired seven and forty Monasteries and intended to have made them up fifty if he had lived This in all probability was a great occasion of the Danes conquering England for by this means he exhausted his Treasure or ready Money and gave away a great part of his Lands for the future maintenance of the Monks who refused his Son Ethelred assistance according to his necessity Spel. con 444. And so forward With the concurrence of his great Council he ordained many Laws Ecclesiastick and Temporal amongst which there was one for the
sent his Letters all over the Country that privately on St. Brice his day at night which was the thirteenth of November the Danes should be (n) This Massacre seems suspitious for that the Danes being dispersed all over the Nation and that it must be a business of time to give every place notice of the Design 't is scarce conceivable it could be carried on with so great secresie required to such an universal Surprize besides the Reporters of it agree not in the time or manner Hen. of Huntington says it was in the year 1002. when the Danes lived peaceably and quietly in the Nation Matt. of Westminster affirms it to be done in the year 1012. by the advice of Huna King Ethelred's General upon the Insolent behaviour of the Danes after Peace made with them Hoveden agrees with Huntingdon in the year and says that King Ethelred not long after he had made Peace with them commanded that all the Danes great and small of both Sexes inhabiting England should be killed because they sought the Dominion of the whole Kingdom and would have deprived him and his Nobility of their Lives If there was any such Massacre it seems rather to have been done in the day time by Assemblies of the People called together under pretence of Muster or some other publick business which might be an unsuspected cause of their meeting Edric Ib. A. D. 107. Hoveden Anno codem Malmsbur l. 2. c. 10. What he was His abominable Treason massacred Hen. Hunt fol. 206. a. n. 50. A. D. 1002. Who says in his Youth he received ' this Story from very antient People which was attempted and they were all killed and destroyed accordingly In this Massacre amongst the rest Lady Gunhild Sister to Swane King of Danemarke who after she came hither received Christianity with her Husband Palingus and was pledge for the Danes observing the Peace was by the fury of (o) One whom Ethelred had from mean degree advanced to be Earl or Duke of Mercia and given him in Marriage his Daughter Edgith he was called Sheen from his unsatisfied Avarice he was vastly Rich not by Nobility or Birth but made so by his Tongue and Impudence he was Crafty to Dissemble Cunning to Invent under pretence of Fidelity he dived into the King's Councils and discovered them as a Traytor being sent to treat of Peace he encouraged the King's Enemies to War Ever when he saw Ethelred or his Son Edmund had any considerable advantage he by some trick or other diverted them from the use of it he was sometimes on one side sometimes on the other where he could get the best Plunder and most Money Edric Earl Godwin's Fathers Brother Gunhild Sister to Swane King of Danemarke massacred De gest R. R. l. 2. c. 10. says Malmsbury barbarously murthered The News of this Bloody Tragedy moves the Danes to revenge and the year following King Swane with a mighty Navy invades England by the experience of his former Invasions and Descents there he well enough understood what advantage he could make of the English He invades England with a mighty Navy Presently over-runs a great part of the Country And useth great Cruelty presently overran a great part of the Country his Sword made no more difference between Ages Sexes and Conditions of People than the Fire did of Houses or their Materials the Cruelty and Violence of one killing and the Fury of the other destroying all it met with By Ethelred's command Hen. Huntingd. A. D. 100â— Every 310 Hides of Land to set forth a Ship and every nine Hides a Soldier Hoveden in that year This Preparation came to nothing Ibidem Lord-Danes Lurdan whence The Danish Massacre suspitious To obviate these dreadful Miseries and frequent Invasions Ethelred commanded that every 310 Hides of Land should set forth a Ship and so proportionably for a greater or lesser Quantity and every nine Hides a compleat Arms or Soldier but this great Preparation by ill management and storms came to nothing eighty of the Ships at one time being wracked by ill weather The next year came another Fleet of Danes under the leading of Turkill Ethelred Danes Swane Cnute A. D. 1013. and soon after a second under the Conduct of Heningus and Anlaf all Danish Princes the former whereof in the year 1012. was with 45 Ships sworn to serve Ethelred Two Fleets of Danes arrive under the Conduct of Turkill Anlaf and Hemingus Turkill with 45 Ships takes Service under Ethelred The People submit to Swane Emma with her Children departs into Normandy Ethâ—lred follows them Hen. Hunt A. D. 1013. Swane imposeth a great Tribute upon the People Hoveden Anno eodem Turkill doth the same Hunting A. D. 1014. Swane dies suddenly Ibidem Cnute made King by the Danes The English recall Ethelred he finding them Food and Rayment Swane proceeding victoriously almost where-ever he came received the submission of the People and Emma Queen to King Ethelred with her two Sons Edward and Alfred went into Normandy to her Brother Richard Duke thereof and after Christmass in the same year Ethelred followed them thither from the Isle of Wight all the People esteeming and receiving Swane for their King whom he commanded through England to make great Provisions for his Navy and to pay almost an intolerable (p) This was very heavy without doubt for in one year which must be this Ingulph Hist 506. b. 507. a. The Abbey of Croyland paid 2000 Marks in one year to Swane the Abbey of Croyland alone paid 2000 Marks to Swane besides several years before it paid to Ethelred 400 Marks a year and 200 l. for building of Ships Ingulph says this was A. D. 1018. when as others say Swane died A. D. 1014. therefore it was Cnute or the other Historians were mistaken in their Chronology Tribute In like manner Turkill sent out his commands every where the like should be paid to his Fleet that lay at Greenwich Swane thus obtaining the Throne of England in the beginning of his Reign died suddenly After his Death the Danish Army and Danes make Cnute his Son their King and the English upon condition of his better Government send to Ethelred to return out of Normandy who sending for his Son Edward with promise of doing all things worthy of himself as King and the English People came himself soon after and was ioyfully received of the whole English Nation Cnute lay then at Gainsborough to whom the People of Northumberland and Lindsey in Lincolnshire submitted into the latter of which Ethelred hearing of their submission marched and destroyed it with Fire and Sword Cnute troubled that for his sake the Country should suffer sailed to Sandwich where he left the Hostages given to his Father Cnute departs and returns with 160 Ships Ib. A. D. 1016. Edric betrays Ethelred first cutting off their Hands and Noses and so departs yet in as short a time as might be returns again
Ibid. c. 50. should have her Nose and Ears cut-off 5. That a Widdow marrying within twelve months after her Husbands Death should lose her joynture and Dowry Ibid. c. 71. Cnute not long before he died appointed his eldest Son Swane Hoveden 251. a A. D. 1035. Cnute dies and disposeth his Kingdoms to his Sons by his first Wife (y) By most Writers reported to have been a Concubine she was Daughter to a Mercian Noble-man who is said to have been Earl of Northampton Elgiva to be King of Norway and his second Son (z) Others say he was elected King Ingulph Hist 509. a. and some that he was King only of the North parts of England and Harde Cnute of the South parts Harold by the same Woman to be King of England and Harde-Cnute his Son by Emme King of Danemarke This year he died in November at Shaftsbury and was buried at Winchester Harold according to some being chosen King by the Danes and Londoners Harold Hunt 209. a. whilst Earl Godwin and the English would have had for their King one of the Sons of Ethelred or Harde-Cnute the Son of Cnute but their attempt was in vain Malms l. 2. c 12 not being equal either in number or force to the Abettors of Harold and therefore he injoyed the Crown which was given to him by his Father A. D. 1036. as it is said in Hoveden before-cited however he came to be so King he was and innocent Elfred Elfred and many Normans slain a younger Son of Emme by Ethelred coming out of Normandy to visit his Mother then being at Winchester Harold Harde-Cnute Danes A. D. 1036. as 't is storied was by Earl Godwin and others by order of Harold together with many Normans that came to accompany him slain his Mother Emme not thinking her self safe here much grieved for the death of her Son cruelly murthered Hoved. 251. Emme flies to Baldwin Earl of Flanders went to Baldwin Earl of Flanders who received her honourably and assigned Brugis for the place of her abode where she remained three years whither her Son Harde-Cnute came out of Danemarke to visit her Malmsb. ibid. Hunting ibid. Hoved. 251. b. Harold dies Ibid. Flor. Wigorn. A. D. 1040. in the mean while having done nothing memorable Harold dies at Oxford some say London and was buried at Westminster Florence of Worcester says they divided the Kingdom of England by Lot and that the North part fell to Harold and the South to Harde-Cnute who was rejected because he came not out of Danemarke when sent for so soon as was expected and therefore Harold was elected King over all England A. D. 1035 1037. fol. 622. Harde-Cnute both English and Danes make him their King After his death all the Nobility both Danes and English sent to Brugis to Harde-Cnute to come and be their King the Children of Ethelred being neglected and post-poned for the easiness and ill fortune of their Father he arrives with sixty Ships manned with Danes and was of all People received with great applause but during his short Reign did nothing worthy a King save that he treated his half Brother Edward and his Mother Emme who came to him out of Normandy He laid a grievous Tax upon the Nation Ibidem At which Worcestershire People tumult very kindly and honourably he laid a grievous Tax upon the Nation for the payment of eight Marks to every Rower and twelve Marks to every Officer in his Fleet this caused the People to tumult and at Worcester the Country People and Citizens killed two of his Domestick Servants which he sent to gather his Tax but he chastised them severely for that Fact for he sent thither Leofric Earl of Mercia Godwin Earl of West-Saxony Siward Earl of Northumberland Their City and Country is burnt and plundered Ib. A.D. 1042. He dies suddenly c. who plundered and burnt the City and wasted all the Country when he had reigned about two years he died suddenly while he was drinking at a Nuptial Feast at Lambeth where Osgod a great Danish Lord had married his Daughter to Prudan another Potent Dane Edward the Confessor A. D. 1043. His Descent Edward commonly called the Confessor the eldest Son of Ethelred by Emme and half Brother to Edmund Ironside Son also of Ethelred by a former Wife being in England at the death of his half Brother Harde-Cnute was in a great straight not knowing what to do and thinking to retire into Normandy [1.] Malms de Gest R. R. l. 2. c. 13. fol. 45. a. n. 10. He applies himself to Earl Godwin applied himself to Earl Godwin who gave him other advice minds him whose Son he was and what great probability there was of his being King and withall promiseth his assistance upon Conditions to be agreed on between them Edward urged by necessity promiseth to make good all he asked Then a Council being called at London Godwin being very eloquent and powerful in perswading so prevailed in this Assembly that by the consent of almost all present He is declared King he was made King and [2.] Hoveden 252. a. crowned at Winchester anointed by Edsi Archbishop of Canterbury and Alfric Archbishop of York in the presence of almost all the Bishops of England And not long after by advice of the Earls Leofric Godwin Edward the Confessor of the Saxon Race A. D. 1043. and Siward he seized and took from his Mother Emmâ— all her Gold Silver Jewels and Treasure The reason assigned is that she was very hard and sparing towards him in the time of his Exile he married the Daughter of Earl Godwin by name Edith or Edgith Hor. Worcest He takes away Jewels and Treasury from his Mother Emme He Marries Earl Godwin's Daughter Edgith Malms ut sup Her Beauty Learning and Modesty as he had promised She was no ways like her Father or Brothers but was very beautiful learned humble and modest [3.] Histor Croy. 509. a. n. 30.40 50. Edward much addicted to the French Modes and Customâ— Ibidem Ingulph reports he saw her often when he went to Court to see his Father who lived there and coming from School was often met by her and opposed solidly and smartly not only in Grammar but in Logick The same Historian there saith that though Edward was born in England yet having had his Education in Normandy he was almost become a French man and calling many from thence both Laies and Religious preferred them to great Offices and Dignities The chief amongst them were Robert a Monk whom he made first Bishop of London and then Archbishop of Canterbury and William his Chaplain whom he made Bishop of Dorchester with other Military men which he placed upon the Borders to defend them against the Welch Then the English under this King and the Normans which he brought in began to lay aside the English Rites and Customs and in many
Bachervill Bellomont or Beaumont c. de Vetulis wasting it with Fire and Sword whose Son Roger de Bello-monte or Beaumont encountred him with what Force he could raise He is overthrown and his two Sons killed routed his Forces and slew him and his two Sons Helbert and Elinantius [2.] Gul. Piâ—av f. 179. D. 180. A. B. After him (g) He was [4.] Gemet lib. 5. c. 13. Guy Earl of Vernon who Constantin le Contantin Son to Raynald Earl of Burgundy by Alice Daughter of Richard the Second Duke of Normandy Guy Earl of Vernon and Brion pretended to the Title of the Dukedom who with the assistance of Nigel Governor of Constantin or the Territory of (h) That part of Normandy is like a Peninsula being environed with the Sea West and North and bounded with the River Vire East [5.] Vales not Gaff fol. 156. Le Constantin or Contantin so called from the chief Town or City thereof Constance [6.] Ibidem fol. 73.4 le Bessin Baiocassin Le Bessin or Baiocassin so called from the chief City thereof Bayeux is that part of Normandy bounded with the Rivers Dive East and Vire West and with the Brittish Sea North. Constance Raynulph Viscount of Bayeux or Bessin and the greatest part of Normandy resolved to try it by his Sword and was overcome at Valoignes from whence he fled to Brion a strong Town Guy beaten where William besieged him and being almost starved he employed Mediators for Mercy which was granted Asks Pardon and recives it and the Duke being possessed of his Castle permitted him to remain in his Court and pardoned his Abettors and Followers These Clowds blown over William receives a greater Trouble from Galfrid [3.] Ibidem fol. 181. D. Martel Earl of Anjou who having subdued Tedbald Earl of Tours and taken that City from him and seised Poictou Ejecting Earl William usurped also Damfront and Alencon Galfrid Martel seizeth Damfront and Alencon They are retaken Ibidem fol. 182 183. Members of Normandy The Duke after having given him a Diversion by marching into Anjou besieges Alencon and takes it Martel being come very near to relieve it but hearing it was yielded struck with a sudden fear he fled with his Army and Damfront submitted to the Duke so soon as he came before it [4.] Ib. 184. B. After these (i) He [7.] Gul. Pictav fol 1. was Son to Richard the Second Duke of Normandy Brother to Richard the Third and Uncle to William William de Archis or Earl of (k) Now Arques near the Town of Diepe Arch not being forewarned or restrained by the Ruine of Guy or overthrow of Martel Arms against William fortifies and Mans his Castle of Arches against him [5.] Ib. 18. C. Henry King of France comes to his relief and his Army intercepted by Ambush to whose Relief Henry King of France came with a great Army William de Archis Arms against the Duke Fortifies his Castle which was intercepted by an Ambush the Earl of Ponthieu and many Men of Note killed and Hugo Bardulf taken Prisoner The King of France then considers what he had [6.] Ibid. D. His Castle is taken and Earl William taken into favour done repents he had abetted the Earl of Arche and marches back The Castle then reduced to miserable straights and the Defendents even starved supplicate to yield saving only their Lives which were granted and he did not only give his Uncle the favour of staying in his Country but also gave him large [7.] Ibidem 186. A. Ibidem Possessions and Rents using him more like a Friend than Enemy Many also Deserters in this juncture went over to the King of France whom the Duke received again into favour These [8.] Ibid. B. The King and Princes of France Confederate against William Successes raised envy in the minds of the King of France and the other Princes of that Nation with suspicion of his Greatness the Roman Emperor assisting and being in League with him so that Tedbald Earl of Tours the Earl of Poictou Galfrid Martell Earl of Anjou and the whole Powers of Burgundy Avergn Aquitain and Gascoign Confederate with the King against him and raised two mighty Armies designing to destroy his whole Country whereof one under the Command of Odo the Kings Brother and his most familiar Friend Rainold entred the Country of Caux the other Commanded by the King himself enters the East part of Normandy and proceeds towards Eurux and Roan They are beaten and fly The Duke likewise divided his Army the better to encounter his Enemies into two parts and Heads that himself which opposed the King [9.] Ib. 187. B. the other under the Command of (l) [8.] Ib. 195. Gemet c. 20. He was Son or Grandchild to William Earl of Ou who was Natural Son of Richard the First Duke of Normandy and was made Earl of Ou by Richard the Second his half Brother by the Mother side Robert Earl of Ou or Ewe Hugh Gornay * [9.] Ib. lib. 8. c. 37. He was Son of Thurstan de Bastenburgh Hugh Montfort Walter Giffard * The same with William Fitz-Osbern the Son of Osbern Crispin or Crepon William Crispin and other valiant Officers suddenly set upon the Army at Mortimer in Caux Apud mare mortuum put them to flight and took many Prisoners * The King hearing of this Victory fled also in great haste out of Normandy * and concluded a Peace upon these Conditions Ibidem c. That the Prisoners taken in the Battle should be delivered to the King and that by his Consent and Gift the Duke should for ever enjoy as his own whatsoever he had or could take from Geoffry Martel Earl of Anjou Ibidem And he presently directs his chief Commanders to build a Fortress at Hambrieres in Anjou which [1.] Ibidem 188. A. Martel by the help of William Earl of Poictou and Eudo Earl of Brittaine besieged and assaulted but so soon as William approached to relieve it they fled Soon after the [9.] Guil. Pict 1â—8 B.C. The King of France and Martel enter Normandy again King of France breaking the Peace entred Normandy again with a great Army to whom Geoffry Martel joyns what Forces he could raise and by quick Marches came through the Country now called [1.] Per Oximâ—nsem Comitatum Hyesmes to the River Dive destroying all that Country with Fire and Sword to the Sea Coast none resisting none pursuing them but while they were passing that River the King with part of the Army being over the Duke comes suddenly upon them with a flying Army and cuts off almost all those which were on that side the River towards him They are beaten and fly or forceth them into it and drowns them the King looking on but not able to help them who with the Earl of Anjou in all speed fled once more out of
who designed to have Edgar Atheling their King were assembled he made towards them and encamped not far from London from whence some Troops issuing out against him 500 Normans Horse which were sent against them drove them back into the City not without the Slaughter of many by the way This Action was followed with the Firing of all Buildings on that side the River Thames Arch-Bishop Stigand deserts Edgar and proceeding whether he pleased passing over the River at Walingford whether Stigand followed him who deserting Edgar made his Peace with William and owned him as his Soveraign London submits and gives Hostages proceeding from hence so soon as he came within sight of London the People there as well Citizens as others which were many submitted themselves and as the Kentish Men had done delivered him Hostages such both for number and Quality as he desired The Bishops and Nobility supplicate him to be King This done as well the Bishops as other Great Men supplicate him to receive the [4.] Ibidem His Army also would have it so Crown for that they desired to have a King having been accustomed to live under one He acquaints his Confidents with this Address of the English who persuade to a Compliance with it as being upon their Knowledge the unanimous desire of the whole Army He weighing all things could not but yield to the importunity of so many petitioning and persuading him to it therefore staying near London he sent some before to raise a place of security and Fortress within the City and prepare things fit for such a Royal and Magnificent Solemnity [5.] Ibidem D. 206. A. An. Dom. 1666. They dare do no otherwise being over-awed by his Army there present Hov. f. 258. a n. 10. The day designed for his Coronation was Christmass-day when much People as well English as Normans assembled at Westminster where Aldred Arch-Bishop of York after an Oration to the English asked them if they consented he should be Crowned who all chearfully with one Voice consented The like being done to the Normans by the Bishop of Constance and their consent declared (c) Neither Pictaviensis Ordericus Vitalis Hen. Huntingdon or Mat. Paris make any mention of any Oath he took at his Coronation No Oath taken at his Coronation Fol. 258. a. n. 14. Col. 195. n. 43. de gest pont 154. b. n. 9. or not such an one as 't is commonly Storied he took Sim. Dunelm Malmsbur and Hoveden indeed says the Arch-Bishop exacted an Oath from him and that he took one before the Altar of St. Peter and sware to defend the Church and the Governors of it justly to govern all the People subject to him to Establish just Laws and have them duely executed and to prohibite Rapine and anjust Judgment and if it were so [7.] Scriptor Norman 1000. 't were the same Oath he took when he was installed Duke of Normandy not one word hereof the English or King Edwards Laws he was Crowned by Aldred the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Stigand being then anathematized by the Pope in St. Peters the Abby Church at Westminster in the presence of many Bishops Abbats and Noblemen After this Solemnity he looked into the Treasury of Harold [8.] Gul. Pict â—06 B. C. D. Harolds Treasure distributed To his Followers To St. Peters Church at Rome wherein were found vast Riches part of which he distributed amongst such as were with him in the Battle and some to the Poor and Monasteries His Treasury was much increased by the Gifts and Presents from Cities Towns and all Rich Men to their new Lord of which he sent to the Church of St. Peter in Rome and lodged in the hands of Pope Alexander an incredible Sum of Gold and Silver Money And to 1000 other Churches c. besides Ornaments he sent also to a thousand (d) Cathedral Conventual and others such as said Masses for his Success * Gul. Pictav 194. C. whose Prayers he was wont to desire and purchase in time of War and Difficulty Churches in France Aquitain Burgundy and Avergne to some very large Golden Crosses set with Gems to others much Gold or Golden Vessels rich Palls Copes or other Vestments In January next following [9.] Ibidem 207. C. He ordains many things for the advantage of London and the whole Nation during his abode in London he ordained prudently and justly many things some for the Advantage and Dignity of that City others of the whole Nation in general and some for the profit of the Church [1.] Ibidem 108. B. then departing from London he staid some time at (e) Barkinge in Essex in Pictaviensis Bercingis in Ordericus Bertingis in Bede Berecing and not Berkhamstede in Hartfordshire Berking while those Places of Strength were perfected which he had caused to be made in the City The Conqueror stays at London until he secures London to check the instability and power of that People for he saw it in the first place greatly necessary to restrain them Hither repaired to him the two great Earls of Mercia and Northumberland and Brothers [2.] Ibidem Edwin Morcar and others Swear Fealty Ibidem C. Edwin and Morcar with many more great Noblemen whom upon their swearing Fealty to him he graciously received and granted to them their Possessions Proceeding further into divers parts of the Nation he provides for his own safety by appointing [3.] Order Vit. 506. B. He Garisons the Castles and Places of Strength stout French Captains and Governors with many Foot and Horse to remain in and Garison in the Castles every where giving them great Rewards for the Labours and Danger they should undergo he seemed kind to all but more especially to Edgar [4.] Gul. Pict 208. C. And goes over into Normandy Atheling to whom he gave many and large Possessions Having thus provided for the security of this Kingdom as well as he could for the time in Lent that year he returns into Normandy so to settle his Affairs there as afterwards they might not need his presence For some long time before he went the Care and Government of this Kingdom was committed to his Brother [5.] Ibid. D. Odo whom he placed in Dover Castle and gave him the Government of Kent with the adjoining South Coast And appoints Odo Bishop of Baieux and William Fitz-Osbern Vice-Roys in his absence and to * He was Son of Osbern Crepon who Married a Daughter of Rodulph Son of Sprot Widow of Richard First Duke of Normandy by Asperlinge Gemet l. 7. c. 38. his Grandfather Herfastus was Gunnora's Brother ibid. l. 8. c. 15. William Fitz-Osbern whom he placed at Winchester in the Castle he had built there with direction to look after the North parts these he left as his Viceroys and to them subjected all other his Commanders Great Men and Officers in every part of the Nation some of which used their [6.] Ord. vit
(y) He was younger Son to Leofric Earl of Mercia Hereward who he was A Norman Fortress against the Isle of Ely yet remaining and Brother to Algar Earl of Leicester or Mercia after Leofric a great Soldier and one that was famous and had merited much byond Seas to be their chief Commander particularly importuning him on the behalf of Thurstane then Abbat of that place and his Monks whose the whole Island was and on their behalf the same was fortified against the King [9.] Hist Eliens in Bibl. Cotton sub Effig Titl A. 1. fol. 87. a. who often attempting it by Land and Water and having lost many Men and finding his endeavours fruitless at length being advised to seize all the Lands and Goods belonging to the Monastery without the Isle which he did and divided them amongst his Soldiers to the end that they might keep (*) One Fort where the Normans had a Garison or Guard remains at this day at the South-west end of Audry Cause-way in the Parish of Wivelingham or Willingham 't is large of a circular or round form encompassed anciently with a steep Bank and deep Ditch by the Country People called Belsars Hills but corruptly for in a Parchment Roll belonging to the Bishop of Ely of the Soldiers names that were quartered in that Monastery after the Island was delivered to the Conqueror I find one Belasius or Belassis that was General against the Island and had his Station in this Fort from whom says that Roll it was called Belasius or Belassis Berge Belsars Hills why so called Burrough Hill or Fort or perhaps the Fort might be called Belassis Fort for its opportune and convenient situation for the placing a Garison against the Island being at the end of the great passage into it from the two French words Bel and Assis signifying well seated or placed being so named by the Normans Guards on the outsides thereof Of which the Monks having notice they forthwith consult with their Abbat and resolved not only to yield peaceably to the King The Abbat of Ely and the Monks yield the Isle to the King on Condition he would restore unto them freely and honourably all their Lands belonging to the Church but to give him one thousand Marks and accordingly sent their Proposals to the King who willingly accepting them they admitted his Forces into the Isle privately and gave him possession thereof without resistance and all the great Men submitted only Heward made his escape [1.] S. Dunel Col. 203. n. 32. A. D. 1071. The Bishops and Noblemen made Prisoners and used barbarously Agelwin Bishop of Duresm was presently sent to Abington to remain in Custody there where he died not long after Morcar was likewise made Prisoner and the rest some having their Hands cut off others their Eyes put out were permitted to go whether they would [2.] Hist Croyl fol. 512. b. n. 43. Ingulph gives a different Account of â—he Defence of the Isle of Ely Ingulph gives somewhat a different account of this particular and says That Edwin and Morcar Roger Earl of Hereford Ralph Earl of Suffolk and Waltheof Earl of Northumberland not submitting to the King together with other great Men in like manner disherited possessed themselves of the Isle of Ely and forthwith sent for Hereward and made him General of their Forces where he did so many Warlike Exploits so often beat his Enemies so often deluded them that he obtained perpetual praise for the same and for that he did so long as he could sustain the tottering Ruins of his Country And when the rest of the Noblemen rendred themselves in hopes of the Kings favour he only refusing would not submit [5.] Ibidem fol. 512. a. n. 50. b. n. 2. And disposeth all the Temporal and Ecclesiastick Prefâ—rments to his Normans but got away to some other place [3.] Ibidem fol. 511. b. n. 20. yet afterwards he made his Peace obtained his Estate died in quiet after very many Conflicts with William his Earls and Governors and was buried in Croyland Abby [4.] The Conqueror divides the Nation amongst his Followers The Conqueror having thus baffled Edwin and Morcar one being dead and the other in Prison he divided the Nation among his Assistants and Followers by hard usage Imprisonment and Banishment he made the English submit The Earldoms and Baronies Bishopricks and Prelacies of the whole Nation he gave to his Normans and scarce permitted any Englishman to enjoy any place of Honour Dominion or Power [6.] Ord. Vit. 521. D. 522. A. William Fitz-Osbern Earl of Hereford c. Gherbod Earl of Chester After him Hugh Auranches To William Fitz-Osbern Sewer of Normandy he gave the Isle of Wight and Earldom of Hereford and placed him (a) He * Rot. penes Episcopum Elicus Walter Lucey who Hugh Lupus who was the Conquerors Standard-bearer Walter Lacey and others to oppose the Welsh To Gherbod a Flemming he first of all gave the Town and County of Chester who by most urgent Affairs being called into his own Country and by his Enemies kept Prisoner till death he gave them to Hugh (b) Richard de Abrincis Surnamed Goz Father of this Hugh was Son of [3.] Gemet lib. 7. cap. 6. Thurstane Goz Son of Ansfrid a Dane [4.] Knighton Col. 2376. n. 60. and this Hugh Surnamed Lupus was Sisters Son to William the Conqueror of Amonches in his Youth a Profuse Libertine Son of Richard Surnamed Goz who with Robert de Rodelent and others shed much of the Welsh Blood [7.] Ibidem B. C. D. Roger Montgomery had Arundel Chichester and Shropshire To Roger Montgomery he first gave Arundel and then Chichester and afterwards the County of Salop To Waltheof he gave * Ibid. 702. C. Waltheof Northampton and Huntington Northampton and Huntington with his Niece (c) Judith [5.] Gemet lib. 8. cap. 37. was Daughter of the Countess of Albemarle the Conquerors Sister by his Mother Judith To Walter Giffard the County of Buckingham Walter Giffard Earl of Buckingham To William (d) He was at some distance allied to the Conqueror [6.] Ibid. lib. 8. cap. 37. William Warren who his Father having Married one of the Nieces of Gonnora first [7.] Ibidem cap. 36. Concubine and then Wife to Richard the First Duke of Normandy and Great Grandmother to William his Name he had from [8.] Vales notit Gal. 237. Guarenna or Varenna a Place or River in the County of Calais or Caux Warren the County of Surrey To Odo Son of Tedbald William Warren had Surrey Earl of Blois that Married King Williams Sister he gave Holderness To Ralph (e) He was a Brittaine and called de Guader from [9.] Orderic Vital 535. C. Ralph de Guader or Guaer who he was He had 176 Lordships of the Gift of the Conqueror Guader now Guaer Castle in Brittany not far from Montfort le Canne of which Castle he
received the whole Country of Constantin now Contantin being then the third part of Normandy with the Cities Constance Auranches and the Monastery of St. Michaels Mount in the Sea c. Presently [7.] Ib. D. D. upon this Action of Duke Roberts in the first year of the Government of the two Brothers the chief Men that had An. Do. 1088. and were like to have great Estates in both Nations met to Treat about the division and separation of them one from another [8.] Ibid. fol. 666. A. The English and French Normans meet to Consult whether it were expedient England and Normandy should have two different Princes both of them having been under the Power and Government of their defunct Lord who by their assistance had Conquered England They were in a great straight what to do they could not serve two Lords so remote from one another [9.] Ibidem if they faithfully served Robert Duke of Normandy they should offend his Brother William and should lose their Lands and Honours in England and if they proved obedient to William Robert would deprive them of their Paternal Inheritance in Normandy [1.] Ibid. C. At last they resolved that seeing Robert was the elder and that they had Sworn Fealty to him in his Fathers Life time to set him up and make him Prince of England and Normandy for preservation of the Unity of both Nations [2.] Ibidem The chief Friends and Undertakers for Duke Robert This was the Agreement of Odo Bishop of Bayeux Eustacbius Earl of Bulloine They concluded to make Robert King of England and Duke of Normandy (b) Robert de Belesin e or de Bellismo castello [8.] Vales not Gal. in verbo Robert de Belesme who he was quasi bellisimo a Fair Castle in the County of Perch he was eldest Son to Roger de Montgomery Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbery and had the great Inheritance of his Father [9.] Orderic fol. 708. C. in Normandy when his second Brother Hugh de Montgomery enjoyed his Fathers Earldoms in England who dying without Issue they came to this Robert in the [1.] Ibidem 768. C. Tenth year of William Rufus for which he gave him 3000 l. Sterling as a Relief Robert de Belesin and many others which they Communicated to Duke Robert to whom if they would begin he promised sufficient Assistance for effecting their Design Therefore [3.] Ibidem after Christmass they passed into England fortified their Castles and in a short time stirred up a great part of the Country against the King [4.] Ibidem with these joyned Roger Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbery Hugh Grentmesnill Viscount of Leicester and many more very great Men in England or at least seemingly continued with William and favoured the design of Robert [5.] Ibid. D. who fortified Manned and Victualled their Castles and wasting the Countries almost all over the Nation expected Duke Robert with an Army out of Normandy at the Spring [6.] Ibidem King William observing the posture of his Affairs resolved to suppress these Insurrections and to that purpose Convoked Lanfranc Arch-Bishop Bishops Earls and Natural English Lanfranc the Arch-Bishop the other bishops and Natural English side with Rufus and shewed them his intention who exhorted the King to proceed against the Perturbers of the Peace and promised their ready Assistance [7.] Ibidem fol. 667. B. Rochester chosen as a place of advantage and fit for a Magazine Odo with some of the chief Normans who intended to set up Robert chose Rochester as a place of advantage and most fit for their chief Magazine being in the middle way between London and Canterbury near the Sea and near the Kentish Islands which were conveniently seated for the landing Forces and Warlike Provisions from whence at their pleasure they could keep a Correspondency with Duke Robert But [2.] Ibidem fol. 667. B. Rochester besieged Duke Robert lost the Town and Castle by sloath and want of diligence King William prevented their Designs by besieging the Town in the Month of May following where he shut up Odo Eustathius Earl of Bolloigne Robert de Belesme and many other Noblemen and Persons of inferior Rank who in vain expected the Assistance of Robert being detained only by ease and sloath from his promised Expedition [3.] Ib. C. D. The Defendents offer to yield upon Conditions out of the Town they were forced into the Castle where many perished by a raging Sickness and urged by many other necessities they sent out to King William that upon condition they might enjoy their Lands and Estates they would yield the Castle and for the future serve him faithfully as their Natural Lord. The King was angry at these Propositions Rufus denies their Conditions and sware he would take the Perfidious Traytors by force Hang and destroy them with divers kinds of death and to his Nobility having many Friends and Relations in the Castle perswading him to moderation [4.] Orderic fol. 668. B. he gave this Answer That whosoever spared Perjured Men Thieves Plunderers and Execrable Traytors took away quiet and peace from innocent Men and laid a foundation of innumerable Mischiefs to the good and harmless [5.] Ibid. D. but at length overcome by the intercession of his faithful Friends [6.] Ibidem 667. C. which were all the Bishops of England with the English Hugh Earl of Chester (c) [7.] Ibidem 669. C. He was an Esquire to Edward the Confessor and by him made Knight his Father was [8.] Ibidem Humfrid de Teliolo [9.] Ibidem fol. 512. b. Governor of the Fortress of Hastings and Son to Ansfrid the Dane His Mother Adeliza Sister to Hugh de Grentmoisnill Viscount of Leicester and Governor of * Ibidem Winchester He had his name of Rodeleds [1.] Domesd Cestrescire Atiscros Hundr or Roelent from the Castle and Territory of Roelent in the Marches of North-Wales of which he was Governor and General of all the Forces in Cheshire under Earl Hugh and not only defended it against the Welsh but Conquered much of North-Wales [2.] Ibidem which he farmed of the King for 40 l. per Annum [3.] Ibidem besides the Fee of Ross and Rowenloc which he held of the King twelve Miles in length and four in breadth Robert de Roelent William de Warrenna (d) He was Son of Haimon Earl of Corboile in Normandy [4.] Monast vol. 1. fol. 154. Col. 2. n 40. Robert Fitz-Haymon made Earl of Gloucester by Rufus and had the Estate of Brictric the Saxon Earl thereof to whom for the great Services he had done his Father and himself William Rufus gave the Earldom of Gloucester and the Possession of Brictric the Saxon who was Earl thereof before the Conquest The which Earldom and Possessions Queen Maâ—d enjoyed during her life and her Husband the Conqueror afterward This Robert had
a great Fleet he left the Siege and almost all the Norman Nobility strove who should make their Addresses and Presents to the King and not only they but the French Britans Flemmings and many of the Neighbouring Provinces so soon as they heard he intended to remain at Owe or Eu in Normandy obsequiously flocked to him and having been favourably received and liberally presented by him they all extolled his Bounty and Magnificence beyond that of their own Princes At length the [6.] Ibid. fol. 693. B. C. The Duke and King reconciled two Brothers came together at Rouen where all former Complaints being laid aside they were reconciled to each other The Duke received mighty Gifts and Presents from the King to whom the Duke granted the County or Earldom of Ou Albamarle the Land of Gerard de Gournay and Ralph de Couches with all the Castles and Fortresses subject and belonging to them Henry not pleased with this Transaction raised great Complaints against both [7.] Ibidem 6â—9 A. Henry displeased with his Brothers got together a Body of Britans and Normans his Brothers and demanded some part of the large Possessions of his Father and having gathered together a Body of the Britans and Normans fortified Constance Auranches and some other Towns But [8.] Ibidem His Friends Revolt from him His Brothers besiege him in St. Michaels Mount Hugh Earl of Chester who was also Earl of Auranches and others the great Favourers of him weighing his Poverty and the great Riches and terrible Power of William deserted Henry and yielded their Places of Strength to the King and in the middle of Lens the two Brothers William and Robert besieged their Brother Henry in St. Michaels Mount which was yielded for want of Drink and Water Sr. Michaels Mount yielded on Condition That he and those with him might have liberty to go whether they pleased [9.] Ibid. B. Henry wanders from place to place After which Henry wandred for some years from place to place with one Knight a Priest or a Clerk and three Servants or Esquires While the King employed himself in Normandy there was in England a great [1.] Ibid. fol. 703. B. C. An. Do. 1093. Robert de Mowbray Earl of Northumberland Conspires against Rufus Conspiracy formed against him by Robert de Molbraio or Mowbray Earl of Northumberland and many other great Normans of which the King having notice raised an Army and marched against them [2.] Ibid. D. who understanding which way he was to pass laid an Ambush to intercept or kill him in a Wood which was discovered to him and the design prevented by Gilbert de Tonebridge one of the chief Conspirators and then his Troops passed on to [3.] Ibidem fol. 704. A. Bamborough Castle which they besieged and at length Robert fell into their hands [4.] Ibid. B. Mowbray taken Prisoner who was kept in Bonds almost thirty years Roger de Lacy had his Lands taken from him and given to his Brother Hugh who faithfully adhered to the King [5.] Ibid. C. The Earl of Chester gave 3000 l. to be restored to favour and many others Compound for their Crimes Hugh Earl of Chester was privately chidden by the King and gave 3000 l. to be restored to favour as likewise he received of many others great Sums of Money as Compositions for their Crimes [6.] Ibidem The Earl of Owe had his Eyes pulled out and his Testicles cut off and William Earl of Owe being openly Convicted had his Eyes pulled out and his Testicles cut off Many others the King spared out of Policy by the Advice of his Council This year Malcolm King of Scots on Bartholomew-day came to King William as they had before appointed for the Establishing a firm Friendship between them but William would neither see or speak with him and further would have constrained him to have done him right according to the Judgment only of his Barons in his own Court but he refused to do it unless in the Confines of both Kingdoms where the Kings of Scotland used to do right to the Kings of England according to the Judgment of the Chief Men of both Kingdoms Flor. Wigorn. f. 646. A. D. 1093. and not long after William Rufus surprized [7.] Buchâ—rer Scot. lib. 7. p. 214. Flor. Wigor f. 645. Malcolm King of Scots and his eldest Son slain the Castle of Alnewick in Northumberland which Malcolm King of Scots presently besieged where he and his eldest Son Edward were both slain and Donald his Brother was elected King by the Scots or rather as [8.] P. 215. An. Do. 1093. Donald usurped the Crown of Scotland Buchanan relates it he usurped the Crown by the assistance of Magnus King of Norwey to whom he promised all the Islands This news so soon as it reached Duncan Son or [9.] Ibidem Bastard of Malcolme as Buchanan calls him being then in King Williams Army [1.] Florent Wigor f. 646. Duncan by the Assistance of Rufus obtained Scotland begged and obtained his Fathers Kingdom of him and sware Fealty to him for it and with a Multitude of English and Normans marched speedily into Scotland expelled Donald and Reigned in his stead Next [2.] Ibidem Anno 1094. The Welsh invade England year the North-Welsh West-Welsh and South-Welsh laboured to shake off the Yoke of Servitude they burned and harassed the Towns in Cheshire Shropshire and Herefordshire and killed many English and Normans which caused William to return into England about the later end of December and presently Lead an Army against the Welsh where he lost many Men and Horses In the mean [3.] Order fol. 722. B. while the untamed and intractable Normans who not restrained by a rigid Governor were fit for any Mischief [4.] Ibid. D. Many great Normans desert Duke Robert many whereof corrupted by Gifts or drawn away by terror as Robert Earl of Owe Stephen of Albamarle Gerard de Gournay Ralph de Conchâ— Robert Earl of Mellent Walter Giffard Philip de Braiosa and Richard de Curcey and many others with all their People and Strong Holds adhered to King William because he was dreadful to them [5.] Ibidem fol. 723. A. He passed over his Dukedom to Rufus for 10000 Marks by which means Normandy was in great Confusion and became uneasie to Duke Robert who destitute of Friends by the Advice of some Religious Persons resolved to pass over his Dukedom to his Brother Rufus [6.] Ibid. Flor. Wigor fol. 648. Duke Robert goes to Hierusalem Anno Domini 1095 1096. who received it to keep for him for five years upon condition to lend him 10000 Marks while he finished his Expedition with others to Hierusalem This famous Expedition of the Christians against the Infidels was first [7.] Ord. fol. 723. A. B. Flor. Wig. 647. 10000 Marks raised with much difficulty set on foot by the Preaching of Peter the Hermite of Amiens and afterwards
the Enemies of the Church sent Ambassadors to Philip King of France and called to him Geofrey Martell Earl of Anjou and Manfully Chastised the Enemies of the Church In the year 1106 in the [8.] Ibid. fol. 818. C. D. He attempts the Conquest of Normandy Spring King Henry went again into Normandy with design to take it from his Brother Robert and having Hired Elias Earl of Main and his Forces besieged the City Bayeux of which Gunter Dauney was Governor he went out to the King and delivered to him Robert Fitz-Haymon whom he had taken Prisoner some time before but would not deliver the City He burns the City of Bayeux forthwith the King attempts fires and burns it to the ground took the Governor and Garison Prisoners The Governors of other places were much affrighted at the destruction of this City and the People of Caen the King marching to them Caen yields to him sent to him and yielded upon Summons expelling Engeran Fitz-Ilbert their Governor For this Service the King gave to four of the chief Citizens Dalington in England worth Fourscore Pounds per Annum From hence he proceeds to Falais but had not the same success Falais beats off his Army having been beaten off by the Garison In the mean time [9.] Malms f. 88. b. n. 40 50. William Earl of Mortain demands the Earldom of Kent William Earl of Mortaigne Son of Robert the Kings Uncle not content with two Earldoms that in Normandy and Cornwall in England demanded of the King the Earldom of Kent which his Uncle Odo sometime held who not only refused what he asked but by Judicial Proceeding took from him what he held The King takes from him the Earldom of Cornwall without right For this being in great fury with the King he went into Normandy [1.] Ib f. 89. a. n. 10. He joyned himself to the Duke and Robert de Belism and joyned himself to the Dukes Party and with Robert de Belism and others firmly adhered to him and with Fire and Sword prosecuted King Henry's Friends for which he took away from him all he had in England and levell'd his Castles with the Ground [2.] Ord. Vit. f. 819. D. 820. A. B. The King streightens Tenerchebray And a while after gathered some Forces together in Normandy built a Fort near his Town of Tenerchebray now Tinchebray and put a Garison into it with intention so to streighten it as to make it yield Notwithstanding William being a stout young Man with some Companies of Soldiers relieved it at which the King was much angry and calling together his Army laid Siege to the Town whereupon Earl William sollicited the Duke Robert de Belism The Duke c. endeavours to relieve it and other his Friends for Assistance to raise it and he obtained it There were with the Duke besides these two great Earls Robert de Stoteville William de Ferrariis and many others with their Forces The King had with him Elias Earl of Main William Earl of Eureux Robert Earl of Mellent William Earl of Warren and these great Barons Ranulph of Bayeux Ralph de â—onches Robert de Monteforti and Robert de Grentmaisnil and many others with their Clients There were more Knights or Horsemen on the Kings Party and most Foot on the Dukes Before this place they came to a Battle The Battle of Tenerchebray The Dukes Army routed wherein the Dukes Army was routed The particulars of which Victory will appear in King Henry's Letter to Arch-Bishop Anselm which will be presently mentioned The disagreement in Chronology between the English and Norman Monks As to the certainty of the time of these Transactions neither the English or Norman Monks do exactly agree one with another but certain it is that King Henry plied between England and Normandy according to the exigency of Affairs [3.] F. 80. â—in 1. Eadmer reports that he was in Normandy in the year 1104. and almost subdued all of it the People having a mean Esteem of his Brother and that almost all the great Normans presently upon his coming despising their Lord the Duke quitting their Faith they ought him ran after the Kings Gold and Silver and delivered him Cities Castles and Towns [4.] Ibid. fol. 83. n. 20 30. But not being at that time able to Conquer the whole Dukedom he returned into England that he might furnish himself with Money sufficient to subdue what remained under the power of his Brother King Henry used strange ways for raising Money and so totally disinherit him In the Collection of this Money new ways and strange Exactions were used new and unheard of Forfeitures were invented which reduced the People to great Misery not daring to plead against the King and such as would or could not pay were imprisoned and tortured [5.] Ibidem fol. 84. lin 3 4. n. 20. These Exactions fell hard upon the Clergy by which he lost their good opinion and brought an odium upon [6.] Fol. 85. n. 10. himself He observing these things hastned his Reconciliation with Anselm who coming into [7.] Ibid. fol. 89. n. 40. f. 90. n. 10. King Henry gives Anselm an Account of his Victory of Tenerchebray England the King wrote to him a Letter of his Victory at Tenerchebray in which he tells him that Robert Earl of Normandy with all his Troops of Horse and Foot that he could either by Intreaty or Money get together at an appointed time fought sharply with him before Tenerchebray That he had beaten him with small loss on his side and that Divine Mercy had given into his hands the Duke of Normandy The Particulars of that Victory Vsque ad 400 Milites 10 Millia peditum and Earl of Mortain William Crispin William Ferrers Robert Stotevile the elder and others to the number of 400 Knights or Horsemen and Ten thousand Foot together with Normandy it self [8.] Ibid. fol. 90. n. 20 30. Robert Duke of Normandy sent Prisoner into England Many ascribed the obtaining of this Victory to the Peace he made with Anselm after which having settled his Affairs there sending before him the Duke and Earl of Mortain in safe Custody he returned into England a while after [9.] Malms f. 89. a. n. 30. This Battle was fought the day before Michaelmass-day In the [1.] Ord. Vit. f. 822. A. A great Council called in Normandy middle of October the King came to Lisieux Convened all the Optimates or Chief Men of Normandy and held a most profitable Council for the Church of God wherein he Decreed by Royal Sanction That there should be firm Peace kept throughout all the parts of Normandy That all Rapacities Robberies and forcible Entries and Warlike Invasions upon Estates being suppressed all Churches might enjoy their Possessions as they did the day his Father died and that other Lawful Heirs might possess theirs He took into his own possession all his
words Threats and Bribery broke off the Match He also sent subtil Disputants that moved Controversies about their Consanguinity for which it was determined That by the Christian Law they ought not be joyned together [2.] Ibidem for Richard Duke of Normandy begot Robert and Robert William the Bastard who begot Robert the Father of Prince William and Robert Arch-Bishop of Rouen and Earl of Eureux and Brother of Duke Richard begot Richard Earl of Eureux and Richard Agnes the Wife of Simon which was Mother to Bertrade the Mother of Fulke the Father of Sibyll Thus by the discovery of the Parentage of William and Sibyll the long desired Marriage was frustrated Almeric de Monteforti or Earl of Montfort Son of Simon who Married Agnes [3.] Gemet l. 8. c. 17. Script Norm f. 1092. Ord. f. 843. B. Sister and Heir to William Earl of Eureux [4.] Ibidem f. 834. who died without Issue after the death of his Uncle was Heir to that Earldom but having displeased the King he took it from him into his own possession for which reason so soon as he had opportunity he thought to revenge himself upon him and [5.] Ibidem 840. D. instigated Fulke Earl of Anjou his Nephew [6.] Gemet lib. 8. C. 38. by his Sister Bertrade who was then grown considerable by the accession of the Earldom of Main by the [7.] Orderic ut supra War against Normandy Anno Domini 1112 or 1113. Daughter and Heir of Elias to make War upon Normandy and implored the help of the King of France By the good Management Wealth and Force of Henry his Enemies were soon broken and their designs frustrated together with the Concurrence of his Nephew Tedbald Earl of Blois who at that time made War upon the King of France and gave him a Diversion Robert de Belism King Henry's constant Enemy [8.] Ibidem fol. 844. A. Robert de Belism impeached was in this Design with the Earl of Anjou and fell into the Kings hands and on the Fourth of November was impeached of breach of Faith for not appearing in Court being thrice called for not yielding an account of the Kings Rents in the Viscounty of Argemon and Hiesmes and what belonged to Falais as the Kings Viscount or Sheriff And imprisoned by Judgment of the Kings Court. and Officer and for other Crimes which he could not deny for which he was by the just Judgment of the Kings Court committed close Prisoner [9.] Ibid. B. Presently after the King besieged and took in Alencon This War [1.] Ibidem The Earl of Anjou submits to the King does him Homage and receives from him the Earldom of Main continued not long for in the first week of Lent Fulke Earl of Anjou came into the Territory of Alencon and Swore Fealty to King Henry did him Homage and received from him the Earldom of Main and gave his Daughter to Prince William the Kings Son and the King gave him the Earldom of Eureux yet received into favour Almeric de Monteforti whose by right it was and William Crispin who had done much against him This being done [2.] Ibid. C. Peace between the Kings of England and France the two Kings of England and France came together at Gisors and struck up a Peace Then Lewis gave to King Henry Belism the Earldom of Main and all Britany for which Fergan Duke of the Britans did him Homage and the King promised his Daughter to Conan his Son and now it was according to * Fol. 90. b. n. 10. Prince William does Homage to the King of France for Normandy Malmsbury that Prince William did Homage to the King of France for Normandy acknowledging he was to hold that Province of him by Lawful Right Notwithstanding [3.] Ibid. D. these Renditions and great Submissions made to King Henry yet Hameric de Villery and other Proceres or great Tenents of the Honour or Earldom of Belism to whom William Talvane the Son of Robert de Belism had committed the guard of that place while he went to secure his Earldom of (e) His Father [9.] Script Nor. f. 1093. Gemet lib. 8. c. 35. Robert Married Agnes Daughter and Heir to Wido Earl of Pantheu Pontheu trusting to the Strength of it and multitude of Dependents prepared to resist him Henry drew together the Army of all Normandy and besieged the Town on the First of May and beyond expectation Tedbald Earl of Blois Fulke of Anjou (f) He was also Earl of [1.] Gemet lib. 8. c. 29. c. 35. Perch and Married Maude a Natural Daughter of King Henry to whom after he took it he gave the Town of Belism and the Territory belonging to it Rotro Earl of Mortain in Perche and other famous Optimates or Worthies came with Aid to the Normans invested the Town and within three days took it by Assault [4.] Ibidem fol. 842. A. King Henry made a compleat Conquest of Normandy Thus King Henry Conquered Normandy and having made firm Peace with all his Neighbours came back into England and governed both Kingdom and Dukedom in great Tranquility for five years [5.] Flor. Wig. fol. 656. Anno Domini 1113. He landed in England in the Month of July and brought with him Robert de Belism who was kept Prisoner at Warham King Henry had many Expeditions against the Welsh always prone to Rebellion or rather to assert their own Liberties and with the following Contrivance much diverted their Incursions into England [6.] Malms fol. 89. n. 20 30 40. Flor. Wig. fol. 656. An. Do. 1114. He removes the Flemmings into Wales There were many Flemmings come over into England besides what came over with the Conqueror in the time and by the favour of this Kings Mother Queen Maude Daughter to the Earl of Flanders and so many as they became burthensom to the Nation These he transported into Wales with their Goods and Families and gave them the Country of Ross where to this day they speak a different Language from the Welsh which is the best part of Pembrokeshire for their Habitation that he might both clear his Kingdom of them To check the Insurrections of the Welsh and that they might check the fury and Insurrections of the Welsh Yet this contrivance he thought not a sufficient security against them but demanded and received as Hostages the Sons of their Nobility and besides they were forced to purchase his favour with a Tribute of some Money and much Cattle After these Successes he [7.] Ibidem fol. 657. An. Do. 1116. caused the Optimates or Earls and Barons of all England to meet at Salisbury on the Nineteenth day of March and in his presence to do Homage and Swear Fealty to his Son William Eadmer [1.] Fol. 117. n. 30 40. A great meeting at Salisbury The Laymen readily Swear Fealty and do Homage to Prince William The Bishops make fair Promises
Thurstans intentions with request that he would not Consecrate him or Command or permit any one to do it unless the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury according to old Custom in which affair he promised to act no otherwise than the King would have him [8.] Ibidem n. 40 50. The King prohibits him coming into England of which Consecration when the King had certain notice he prohibited Thurstan and his Followers from coming either into Normandy England or any of his Dominions King Henry and the Pope met not long after at Gisors in the Confines of France and Normandy to [9.] Ibidem The Pope yields the King should enjoy his Fathers Customs Confer about this and other matters when he yielded the King should enjoy all the Customs his Father had in England and Normandy and chiefly that no Man at any time should be sent as Legat into England unless the King himself had some special Case or Plaint that could not be decided by the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury and other Bishops of the Kingdom and should desire him to send one Upon this Agreement [1.] Ibidem f. 126. lin 1. n. 10. The Pope would have absolved the King the Pope desired the King to be a Friend to Thurstan for his sake and to restore him to the Bishoprick to which he was Consecrated He answered he had engaged his Faith not to do it so long as he lived The Pope replied if he would do what he required he would absolve him from that Engagement The King said he would consider of that and acquaint him with his Resolution [2.] Ibidem They parted and the King by his Envoy answered That whereas he said he was Pope and he could absolve him from the Faith he had given He denies his Absolution if against it he should receive Thurstan as Arch-Bishop of York it seemed not agreeable to the Justice and Honour of a King to consent to such an Absolution But because he so earnestly desired Thurstan [3.] N. 10 20. should be admitted he granted it should be so if he would come to Canterbury and profess due obedience and subjection to the See and to the Primate in Writing as Thomas Gerard and a second Thomas had done before him which if he refused he should not be Bishop of York so long as he was King of England This I have promised said the King The King would neither acknowledge Thurstan Bishop of York or permit him to remain in his Dominions and pledged my Faith to make it good Arch-Bishop Ralph returned to Canterbury the Second of January Thurstan followed the Pope The King stood to his Resolution and would neither admit him to be Bishop of York or suffer him to remain in his Dominions Soon after Ralph Arch-Bishop of Canterbury [4.] Ibidem f. 130. n. 10 20. Eadmer made Arch-Bishop of St. Andrews his return to England Alexander King of Scots directed a Letter to him to send Eadmer one of his Monks and our very Author that he might be made Arch-Bishop of St. Andrews with the Kings leave the Arch-Bishop sent him and on the [5.] Ibidem fol. 132. n. 10 20. Feast of St. Peter and Paul was Elected and was invested or put in possession of the Bishoprick without receiving the Crosier or Ring from the King or doing him Homage but when he came to be Consecrated he would receive his Consecration no where but at Canterbury and standing upon other Punctilio's being somewhat of the temper of his Master Anselm And rejected for his stifness whose perpetual Companion he had been the King would none of him and so he returned again to Canterbury yet afterwards repenting himself he wrote a very [6.] Ibidem fol. 139. c. submissive Epistle to King Alexander In the Convention of great Men at Dover which came thither to meet and receive the new Queen [7.] Ibid. fol. 136. n. 30.40 An. Do. 1121. Thurstan obtained a Bull for the enjoyment of his Bishoprick there was Discourse of the difference between Ralph Arch-Bishop of Canterbury and Thurstan of York who had procured a Bull from the Pope after the same manner all things were obtained at Rome which commanded he should enjoy his Bishoprick under pain of an Anathema to the King and Suspention to the Arch-Bishop After great discussion of the Priviledges of the Church of Canterbury left the Punishment determined in the Popes Letters might affect the King or Arch-Bishop Thurstan was permitted to come into England and go to York but so as he should not Celebrate Mass out of his own Diocess until he had made satisfaction unto the See of Canterbury by abjuring the obstinacy of his Mind Calixtus [8.] Ibidem f. 137. n. 30 40 50. by the help of an Army having taken his Antipope Gregory spoiled him of all he had and thrust him into a Monastery and then being secure of the Papacy sent his Legats all the World over and gave to one Peter of a Princely Family a Monk of the Order of Clugny a Legantine Power over France Britain Ireland and the Orcades King Henry [9.] Ibidem f. 138. n. 10 20. The Popes Legat not admitted in England sent the Bishop of St. David's to Conduct him into England and when he came told him he could not part with the ancient Customs of England granted by the Pope of which one was That England was free and not subject to any Legantine Power with which Information and rich Presents he departed well satisfied not offering to execute his Commission On the Twentieth of October died Ralph Arch-Bishop of Canterbury [9.] Gervas Dor. col 1662. n. 30. An. Do. 1122. William Prior of St. Osith's chosen Arch-Bishop of Canterbury and by the Kings Precepts all the Bishops Abbats and great Men met at Gloucester on the Second of February following to fill that Vacancy where William a Benedictine Monk Prior of St. Osith's in Chiche was substituted in his place Gervase the Monk of Canterbury as all the Writers of this Age tell us That John de Crema Priest Cardinal and the Popes Legat whom the two Arch-Bishops received pompously held and presided in a Council at Westminster the Canons of which are to be seen in Simon Dunelm Anno Domini 1126. and in the Continuer of Florence 1125. and [1.] Ibidem Col. 1663. n. 40 50. adds That it was a thing never heard of since the first coming of Augustin that it was an unsual Novelty a Scandal to England and a grateing upon the Liberty of this ancient Kingdom which had never been subject to any Legantine Power The year following Arch-Bishop William as Arch-Bishop and Legat called and presided in a Council at Westminster The Canons of it are published by the Continuer of [2.] Fol. 662 663. The King confirmed the Canons of Councils Florence of Worcester which the King confirmed by his Royal Authority as he did likewise those of the Council the year before In
fortified and Manned his Castle of Exceter against him which the King besieged and at last it was for want of Victuals delivered to him The Defendents had liberty to go whether they would and carry what they would with them The Earl went into the Isle of Wight with [6.] Ibidem f. 937. A. B He is driven out of the Isle of Wight and goes to the Duke of Anjou design to keep that against the King but he followed him so close that he soon drove him out there and took it from him and all his other Lands and Estate and banished him who then went to the Duke of Anjou and was there received very kindly Elated with this success he came to Hunt at * Hen. Hunt f. 222. a. n. 10. The King troubles the Noblemen about their Woods and Hunting Brampton near Huntingdon and held Pleas concerning the Forests of his Noblemen that is concerning their Woods and Hunting and broke the Vow he had made to God and the People This year David King of Scots [7.] Ricard Hagulstad Col. 312. n. 40 50 60. David King of Scots invades England King Stephen and he make Peace Carlisle granted to him his Son Henry made Earl of Huntingdon c. entred Northumberland and seized the Towns of Carlisle Werke or Warke Alnwick Norham and New-Castle and intended to take in Durham but King Stephen coming thither with an Army prevented him whereupon the two Kings appointed an Interview and made Peace between their selves The King of Scots restored New-Castle Warke Norham and Alnwick and had Carlisle given to him Stephen also gave to Henry his Son the Earldom of Huntingdon which had been King Davids and the Town of Doncaster and all that belonged to it In the year 1137. King Stephen in the beginning [8.] Malmsbr f 101. b.n. 50. King Stephen goes into Normandy Earl Robert follows him of Lent sailed into Normandy Robert Earl of Gloucester having tried his Friends and knowing who were faithful followed him at Easter By the Contrivance of [9.] Ib. f. 102. 4. lin 2. King Stephen useth treacherous Practises against him The particulars of the Treachery not expressed by the Historian King Stephen returns out of Normandy William de Ipre after he was come into Normandy King Stephen endeavoured to intercept him by Treachery but having notice of the practise from one that was privy to it he escaped and came not to Court though often invited for many days afterward The King was troubled his Design took not effect and thought to extenuate the greatness of the fault by confessing it making Oath according to a form given by the Earl that he would never for the future consent to such wicked Contrivances This he did but could never be a true Friend to the Earl whose Power he suspected The King after he had made [1.] Hen. Hunt f. 222. a. n. 20 30. His Son Eustachius doth Homage for that Dukedom Peace with the King of France and his Son Eustachius had done Homage to him for Normandy and settled all things there he returned into England * Order vit f. 911. D. Earl Robert troubled about his Sister leaving William de Rolmara Roger the Viscount and others his Justiciaries to manage Affairs as if he were present In the mean while Robert stayed there often thinking of the Oath he had made to his Sister and what he ought to do for her that he might not be noted for Perfidiousness The next year in England happened many intestine [2.] Malmsb Histor Novell f. 102. a. n. 20 30 40 50. A. D. 1138. King Stephen to maintain his Cause was forced to give Lands Castles and Honours to his Followers Commotions many of the Nobility and other Confident daring Men demanded of the King some Lands others Castles and what ever else they had a mind to and if he delayed them in obtaining their desires by Excuses that he could not do it without prejudice to the Kingdom and that such things were either claimed or possessed by others they forthwith fortified their Castles or erected Places of Strength wasted the Kings Lands and plundered his Tenents To suppress these Defections he suddenly marched from place to place and used great labour and industry to no purpose until by giving them Honours or Castles he purchased a Counterfeit Peace Many new Earls he made and to support their Honours gave them Crown Lands and Revenues These Men were more Confident in asking He made many new Earls and gave them Crown Lands and he more Profuse in giving by reason of the common Report through the Nation that Robert Earl of Gloucester intended to assist his Sister and within some competent time to defie the King before he attempted it This was done presently after Whitsunday The Earl of Gloucester defies the King He was encouraged to it by Religious Men and the Popes Decree by sending Messengers from Normandy to the King to whom he renounced his Faith and Homage because he had unlawfully aspired to the Kingdom To this he was encouraged by the Answers of many Religious Men he had Consulted in this Business that he could neither pass this Life without Ignominy nor be happy in the Life to come if he neglected the Oath made to his Sister Their Answers were the more prevalent with him being backed with the Popes Decree which Commanded he ought to observe the Oath he made to his Sister in the presence of his Father The King deprived him of all his Possessions he could in England levelled all his Castles except that at Bristol which was a great Check and impediment to the success and progress of all his Affairs The [3.] Ibidem b. n. 10. Anno Domini 1139. Upon the Report of Earl Roberts coming for England many forced to deliver their Castles Report that Earl Robert was coming with his Sister out of Normandy spread more and more about the Nation in hopes whereof many fell from the King and many others which were in the Court Upon suspicion only he imprisoned and by other hardships forced them to yield their Castles and to such other Conditions as he pleased It was noted at this time that Roger Bishop of Salisbury had built two [4.] Ibidem n. 20. The Bishop of Salisbury built the Castles at Devises Malmsbury and Sherborn The Bishop of Lincoln built the Castle at Newark The Bishops envied Complaints made of them to the King famous and splendid Houses with Towers and Turrets after the manner of Castles one at the Devises in Wiltshire another at Sherborn in Dorsetshire That he had begun to build a Castle at Malmsbury and that formerly he had procured to himself the Custody of Salisbury Castle from King Henry and inclosed it with a Wall and likewise that his Nephew Alexander Bishop of Lincoln had built a Castle at Newark as he said for the safety and Dignity of his Bishoprick This brought upon them Envy from the Earls and
Barons about the King who told him that the Bishops were more intent upon Erecting Castles than their Function or Offices and no doubt but they were built for his destruction and that when the Empress came over they would assist and deliver them to her as being obliged to it by the Memory of the Favours they had received from her Father perswading him they were to be forced to give up their Castles to him He readily heard them and took the first occasion to put their Advice in Execution Which was done after this Manner At Oxford about the 24 th of June was a [5.] Ibidem n 40 50. f. 103. a. lin 1. c. An Affray between the Servants of the Bishops of Salisbury and Lincoln and the Servants of the Earl of Britanny The Bishops brought before the Kings Court. Ordered to deliver their Castles to the King Meeting of the Great Men where were these two Bishops William of Malmsbury reports he heard the Bishop of Salisbury say he had no mind to the Journey and undertook it with great Reluctancy for that he could be of no use to the King and so it happened that the Reteiners and Servants of the Bishops and the Reteiners and Servants of Alan Earl of Britanny quarrelled about taking up Lodgings from Words it came to Blows many were wounded and one Knight killed but the Bishops Men were superior in the Conflict The King takes the advantage Commanded the Bishops to be Convented that they might satisfie his Court for that their Men and Servants had broken the Peace and the satisfaction was to be the delivery of their Castles to the King as security for their Faith They were willing to give satisfaction but considering whether they should yield up their Castles he commanded they should be kept with greater strictness lest they should make their escapes They delay to do it and are kept with greater strictness Roger Bishop of Salisbury was carried unbound and his Son Roger the Chancellor of England which he had by Maud of Ramesbury his Concubine was carried in Fetters before the Castle of Devises which his Nephew Nigell Bishop of Ely who fled from Oxford thither held out against the King The Castles of Salisbury They deliver their Castles Sherborn and Malmesbury were delivered upon the first demand and the Devises after three days the Bishop of Salisbury of his own accord without force resolving to fast until it was in the Kings possession that he might incline his Nephew to yield who otherwise would have defended it as long as he could His other Nephew Alexander Bishop of Lincoln purchased his Liberty by rendring his Castle speedily Ordericus Vitalis tells this Story otherwise He [6.] F. 919. D. 920. A. B. The foregoing Story differently reported by Ordericus Vitalis Episcopi pellex principalem munitionem servabat William de Ipre threatens to starve the Bishop of Salisbury and hang the Chancellor of England if the Bishop of Ely delivered not the Castle of Devises says Walran Earl of Mellent and his Brother Robert with Alan Earl of Britanny sought occasion of Quarrel with the Bishops and that after the Affray when the Bishops Roger and Alexander were taken the Bishop of Ely escaped to the Castle of Devises and fortified it in which Maud of Ramesbury the Bishop of Salisbury's Harlot kept the chief Place of Strength The King hearing of this was very angry and sent William of Ipre a Flemming before with an Army to take in the Castle who carried Roger the Bishop and Roger the Chancellor with him and swore the Bishop should not eat until it was delivered to him and further erecting Gallows before the Castle Gate threatned forthwith to Hang the Chancellor Maud to redeem her Son sent to the King that she would surrender the Keep or chief Place of Strength she was in which forced the Bishop of Ely to give up the whole Castle in Consideration he might have his Liberty This Act of the King made a great noise [7.] Ib. n. 10. Hugh Arch-Bishop of Roven defends King Stephen Hugh Arch-Bishop of Roven a great Friend to and Defender of the Cause of King Stephen was of Opinion it was but just Bishops should be deprived of their Castles which were not built by allowance of the Canons Ecclesiastick they ought to be Evangelists of Peace not Architects of such Houses that were to be Places of Retreat and Security to them for their Evil Doings Henry Bishop of Winchester King Stephens Brother and the Popes Legat affirmed [8.] Ibidem n. 20 30 40 50. The Bishop of Winchester and Popes Legat commanded the King to appear in a Council of Bishops c That if Bishops transgressed in any thing they were not to be tried in the Kings Court but to be judged by the Canons nor to be deprived of any thing but by a publick and Ecclesiastical Council and forthwith commanded the King his Brother to be present in the Council he intended to hold at Winchester on the Twenty ninth day of August On that day appeared most of the Bishops of England A Council of Bishops at Winchester with Theobald Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Thurstan Arch-Bishop of York was excused both in respect of Health and present Care in the Defence of the North parts against the Scots The Popes Legat aggravates King Stephens supposed faulâ—s The Legat first produced his Commission from the Pope and then made a Latin Speech to the Clergy wherein he aggravated his Brothers Fact in that he should Command the Bishop of Salisbury to be taken in his Chamber at Court and the Bishop of Lincoln in his Lodgings without notice And Exhorting the Arch-Bishop and others to consult what was needful to be done telling them that for the loss of his Brothers Friendship or of his Possessions or Head he would not forbear to put in Execution the Decree of the Council The King not distrusting his Cause sent some of the Earls into the Council And was resolute against him to know why he was called thither The Legat immediately answered That he who was guilty of such a Crime as that Age never saw knowing himself to be a Christian ought not to take it hainously if he was called by the Ministers of Christ to make satisfaction They might therefore tell his Brother that if he would take his Advice by the help of God it should be such as neither the Roman Church the Court of France or their Brother Earl Theobald a Pious and Religious Man would find fault with which was That he should do wisely either presently to give a Reason of this Action or submit to the Judgment of the Canons The Earls when they had heard what was said went out and not long after returned again [9.] Ibidem b. lin 6. Rex Comitem Albericum de Ver ad Goâ—cilium misit M. Paris f. 77. n. 50. Alberic de Ver a Man much Exercised in Law Controversies accompanied
921. C. D. f. 922. A. B. The Earl of Chester obtains Assistance Gloucester takes hold of the occasion joyns the Forces he had and others he immediately raised with those of his Son in Law and marched toward Lincoln Upon his approach the King marched towards him in Battalia his Army consisting of a Main Body and two Wings He Commanded the Main Body himself one of the Wings consisted of Flemmings which William de Ipre Commanded and of Britains which Earl Alan Commanded The other was Commanded by Waleran Earl of Mellent There were also in this Army William de Warenna Gilbert de Clare and Balduin Fitz-Vrse Engelran Saye and Ilbert Lacy. The Battle of Lincoln The Earls Army was drawn up in the same manner Robert Earl of Gloucestâ—r led on the Main Body the Earl of Chester one Wing aâ— the two Brothers Mariadoc and Kalader the Welsh which made the other Wing The Welsh charged the Flemmings and Britains and soon routed them The Kings Army routed The Earl of Chester charged the Earl of Mellent who fled presently King Stephen shewed his Personal Courage in this Battle His Personal Courage He is taken Prisoner he fought bravely and stoutly against the Earl of Gloucester until he was deserted by all his Horse when he yielded himself to him Baldwin de Clare Richard Fitz-Vrse Engelran de Saia and Ilbert Lacy staid by the King and fought valiantly so long as they were able The City plundered and many Citizens killed After the Battle the Earls Army miserably wasted the City and requited the Citizens for their kindness to King Stephen by killing very many of them The [5.] Malms f. 106. a. n. 40. He is Imprisoned at Gloucester and put in Irons Earl presented the King to his Sister then at Gloucester from whence for more security he was carried to Bristol where he was Honourably used until by the instigation of some who affirmed that he had been several times out of the places appointed for his safe Custody especially in the night by the Connivance of his Keepers and therefore was put in Irons The Empress and Earl [6.] Ib. n. 50. b. n. 10 20. with great importunity by Messengers moved the Legat that she might be received to the Government as the Daughter of King Henry to whom all England and Normandy had sworn Fidelity A Treaty between the Empress and Legat in an open Plain Her Oath to him On the third Sunday in Lent they came to a Conference in an open Plain by Winchester The Queen swore to the Bishop he should Order and Direct all the great Business in England and should dispose of all Bishopricks and Abbies if he would keep perpetual Fidelity to her and with Holy Church receive her as Queen The Earl of Gloucester Brian Fitz-Count * Marchâ—o de Walingford He was Constable of Walingford Castle The Legat acknowledged her Queen His Oath to her Marquess of Wallingford and Milo of Gloucester afterwards Earl of Hereford and some others did together with her swear the same things The Bishop then acknowledged her Queen of England and some of his Friends with him made Oath to her That so long as she should make good what she had promised him he should be faithful to her The next day she was received into the City of Winchester and the Cathedral with a Noble Procession The Legat led her into the Church by the Right Hand and the Bishop of St. Davids by the left There were many Bishops Abbats Barons and Knights present [7.] Contin â—lor Worcest f. 676. The Legat Cursed those which Cursed her and Blessed those which Blessed her Those which were Obedient to her Commands he Absolved such as were not he Excommunicated From Winchester she went with the Court to Wilton where came to her Theobald the Arch-Bishop and made his Recognition of her as Queen Here she kept her Easter and there was a mighty affluence of People On the Ninth of [8.] Malms ut supra n. 30 40 50. f. 106. a. lin 1. c. The Monk of Malmsbury says he was present in this Council and gave great attention to what was done April there was a Council of all the Bishops of England and many Abbats at Winchester in which the Legat presided notwithstanding the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury was there The Legat had private Conference with the Bishops apart with the Abbats apart and with the Arch-Deacons apart The next day he makes a Speech to them all Setting forth the cause of their meeting was to Consult of the Peace of the Country tells them of the flourishing estate of the Kingdom The Legats Speech to the Bishops in the Reign of King Henry That many years before his death he had received an Oath of England and Normandy for the Succession of his Daughter and her Issue That she being in Normandy at the time of his death delayed to come into England for the Peace of the Country his Brother was permitted to Reign He says further That though he made himself a Pledge between God and him that he should Honour and Exalt Holy Church maintain the good Laws He accuseth his Brother King Stephen of many Crimes and abrogate the Evil yet it grieved him to remember and he was ashamed to speak how he had behaved himself in the Kingdom the Peace of it was destroyed and no Punishment inflicted upon Evil Doers Bishops were imprisoned and forced to deliver up their Possessions Abbies were sold and Churches robbed The Counsel of ill Men took place and the Advice of good Men was despised That he had Convented him before a Council of Bishops and got nothing but hatred for it He ought indeed to love his Mortal Brother but much more the Cause of his Immortal Father and therefore seeing God had exercised his Judgment upon him to let him fall into the hands of powerful Men lest the Kingdom might be ruined for want of a Governor He declares the power of Electing Kings to be in the Clergy I have called you all hither by my Legantine Power yesterday the Cause was propounded in private to the greatest part of the Clergy of England to whom of right it belongs to Elect and Ordain a King and therefore after having as is meet invoked the Divine Assistance They elect Maud the Empress Queen we Elect Maud the Daughter of the Peaceable Glorious Rich and in our time incomparable King Queen of England and to her we promise our Faith and Defence of her Person and Government All that were [9.] Ibidem n. 10. present either assented to what he said or by their silence seemed not to contradict it The Legat adds We have summoned the Londoners The Londoners present in this Council who in respect of the greatness of their City may be compared with the great Men of England and sent them a safe Conduct and that he hoped they would not stay beyond the next day
in the mean time gave him three Castles for his support Chinon Mirabell and Lodun and because his Son Henry was then absent he adjured all the Bishops and Noblemen present That his Body should not be buried until he had Sworn he would not violate his Will The Father being dead the Son comes to his Interment and being told by the Noblemen what Charge his Father left with them he long considered what he had to do At length all cried out it would be a perpetual Disgrace to him to suffer his Fathers Body to remain unburied with great Reluctancy he took the Oath But when he was fully possessed of the Kingdom of England he procured from Pope Adrian an Englishman [4.] Ibidem n. 60. Pope Adrian dispenceth with King Henry's Oath Absolution from it for which Reason not thinking himself obliged by it he neither took Care to satisfie his Fathers Will or Brothers Request in yielding to him the Earldom of Anjou Whereupon his Brother fortifies his Castles and makes Incursions into all King Henry's Countries round about them The King passed over Sea raised an Army besieged and took the Castle of Chinon and so humbled his Brother that he rendred all his Castles and had his Pardon [5.] F. 95. n. 40 50. Matthew Paris says they came to an Agreement and that Geofry quitted his Claim for 1000 l. Annuity of English Money and 2000 l. Anjovin and placeth this Action in the year 1156. Soon [6.] Brompton Col. 1049. n. 10. The City of Nantes choose Geofry the Kings Brother their Earl after the City of Nants in Britany not knowing who was their true Lord chose Geofry for their Lord and gave him the Dominion thereof and the Country about it but he lived not long to enjoy it After whose death Conan Earl of Richmond in England took possession of it The King hearing his Brother was dead went over into France and claimed Nants in his Right and as his Successor and gave Command his Earldom of Richmond should be seized It was in [7.] Chron. Norman f. 994. A. B. An. Do. 1157. A Treaty between the Kings of England and France Margaret the King of France his Daughter to be Married to Henry the Kings Son August he went over into Normandy and the first thing dispatched was a Treaty between him and Lewis King of France upon the River Epta in the Confines of France and Normandy concerning Peace and a Marriage to be had between Margaret the Daughter of Lewis and his Son Henry what they Agreed upon was Sworn to on both sides And from thence the King of England went to Argentom and on the Eighth of September summoned the Army of Normandy to meet at Abrinces on Michaelmass-day to go against Conan Duke of Britany to force him to render Nants that he had invaded In the mean time he was invited to the French Court at Paris where he was Entertained with all the Joy and Splendour imaginable and coming from thence he brought the Kings Daughter with him and delivered her to be kept and Educated by Robert de Newburgh Justiciary of Normandy Robertus de Novo-Burgho Dapifer Justitiarius Normanniae Chron Norm f. 996. A. On Michaelmass-day Conan Earl of Rhenes and Duke of Britany with his Britans came to Abrinces now Auranches and delivered to the King the City of Nants with the whole County or Earldom belonging to it In December following [8.] Ibidem f. 994. D. Theobald Earl of Blois makes Peace with King Henry Theobald Earl of Blois made Peace with King Henry and delivered the two Castles of Ambois and Freteval Rotroc also Earl of Perch gave up the two Castles of Molins and Bon-Molins which were the Demeasns of the Duke of Normandy which Rotroc the Father of this Earl had seized upon after the death of King Henry the First At the same time he granted to this Earl Bellism Castle for which he did him Homage He kept his Christmass at Cherbough where he came to meet his Queen [9.] Ibidem f 995. A. B. An. Do. 1158. Alienor who a little before was come out of England From thence he passed to the Castle of [1.] Ibidem King Henry takes the Castle of Bray A Match propounded between Richard Son to King Henry and the Daughter of the Earl of Barcelone Blaye seated upon a steep Hill over-looking the River Garonne where he met Raymond Earl of Barcelone with whom he made a League confirmed with both their Oaths by which it was mutually agreed That Richard the Kings second Son should at years of Maturity Marry the Daughter of Raymond and when the Nuptials were performed he was to have setled upon him the Dukedom of Aquitan This Raymond's Paternal Inheritance was the Earldom of Barcelone and by Right of his Wife he was King of Aragon which he reserved for his Son he had by her King Henry having made this Alliance declares his [2.] Ibidem 995. C. D. An. Do. 1159. The Title of King Henry to the City and Earldom of Tholose Title to the City and Earldom of Tholose which by his Wife was thus Her Grandfather William Earl of Poictou and Duke of Aquitan had Engaged them for a great Sum of Money which he spent in an Expedition into the Holy Land to Raimond Earl of St. Giles which Money he paid not but left the Debt upon his Son William the Father of Queen Alienor For non-payment of this Money Anfonsus Son of Raimond and after him Raimond Son of Anfonsus held the City and Earldom The King of France Married Alienor Daughter and Heir of the last Duke of Aquitan c. and demanded and was ready to possess himself of the City and Earldom of Tholose when Raimond the then Earl of St. Giles Married his Sister Constance King Henry offered the Mortgage Money See John de Sennes The great Army raised to pursue the Title of Tholose the Widow of Eustachius Son of King Stephen and by that means he was permitted to enjoy it King Henry Married Alienor after she was Lawfully Divorced from the King of France and had Issue Male by her then four Sons and from thence grew his Title and Pretence to the City and Earldom To obtain which as his Wives Inheritance he summoned the Force of all England Normandy Aquitan and the other Countries subject to him He carried not with him in this Expedition any Agrarian or Ordinary Soldiers nor Burghers or Rusticks but took [3.] Ibid. D. of every Knights Fee in Normandy Sixty Sols of Anjou Money and in England and his other Countries what he thought good His Capital Barons with few others accompanied him Solidarios Milites innumeros but he collected or raised Stipendiary Soldiers innumerable In this Expedition was Malcolm King of Scots who was Knighted by him and William King Stephens Son Raimond Earl of St. Giles allarm'd with this great Preparation desired Assistance of the King of France who
Christians until they returned from their Pilgrimage to the Holy Land The King of France destitute of his Friends desired a Conference with the King of England he consents and on the Morrow being the Sixth of October St. Faith's-day they met at Chasteaux The Terms propounded were [7.] Ibidem That the King of France should resign what he had taken since the Truce The Treaty for Peace renewed but without effect and that Earl Richard should resign what he had taken by War from the Earl of St. Giles and for Security the King of France demanded of the King of England the Castle of Passy which he would not grant and so they parted Enemies The King of France took the Castle of Palud as he went from thence and passed on to Castle-Radulf and brought the Plundering Brabanters from thence to Bourges promising them their Pay where he took away their Horses Arms and all their Goods and turned them off naked and without Arms. Earl [8.] Ibidem f. 368. a. lin 6. Richard offers to stand to a Tryal in the French Court. Richard offered to come into the Court of France and stand to the Law there for what had been done between him and the Earl of St. Giles that so he might make Peace between the two Kings which much displeased the King of England On the Nineteenth of October [9.] Ib. f. 370. a. n. 30. they had another Conference between Bon-Molins and Suleini where the King of France offered to render whatsoever he had taken by War upon Condition he would deliver his Sister Alice to Earl Richard his Son that he might make her his Wife and that he would permit him as his Heir to receive the Homages and Fealties of the Men of all his Dominions But King Henry being sensible of the ill Consequences of that and the Injuries and Mischiefs he had received for permitting it to his Son Henry and by exalting him he utterly refused to do it whereupon Richard was exceedingly displeased Richard swears Fealty to the King of France and without the knowledge or Consent of his Father did Homage to the King of France for all the Tenements or Lands of his Father in that Kingdom and sware Fealty to him against all Men and adhered to him and for his Homage and Fealty gave him Castle-Radulph and Issoudun with the whole Honour Yet the two Kings made a Truce [1.] Ibidem n. 30 40. A Truce agreed upon and Earl Richard Anathematized until the Feast of St. Hilary and Henry Bishop of Alba and a Cardinal whom the Pope had sent to reconcile the two Kings Anathematized Earl Richard as a Disturber of the Peace After the Feast of St. Hilary [2.] Ib. f. 37. b. n. 30. The King of France and Earl Richard wasted the King of England's Dominions when the time of Truce was expired the King of France Earl Richard and many other Earls and Barons that had left the King his Father and the Britans to whom the King of France and Earl Richard had given their Charts that they would not make a separate Peace with the King of England excluding them in a Hostile manner entred the Dominions of the King of England and wasted them every way John _____ Cardinal came from the [3.] Ibidem n. 40 50. An. Do. 1189. Pope to the two Kings to exhort them to Peace and he obtained of them to stand to the Judgment or Determination of himself the Arch-Bishops of Canterbury Rhemes Roven and Bourges and appointed them a day of meeting near Ferte-Bernard eight days after Whitsunday All to be Excommunicated that were Hinderers of the Peace except the two Kings and the Cardinal and four Arch-Bishops pronounced Sentence of Excommunication against all Men Clerks as well as others that should hinder the making of Peace excepting the Persons of the Kings themselves They all met at the time and place appointed and the Earls and Barons of both Kingdoms In this Conference the King of France demanded of the King of England that his Sister Alice might be given in Marriage to Richard Earl of Poictou and that the Homages and Fealties c. as in the last Treaty And further that John his Brother might receive the Cross and go to Jerusalem The King of England [4.] Ibidem f. 372. a. l. n. 2. The Treaty ends without success Answered That he would never consent to it and offered the King of France that if he would agree to it his Sister Alice should be given in Marriage to his Son John and that all things should be performed more fully than he desired but the King of France would not yield to this and so the Treaty ended without success The Cardinal [5.] Ibidem n. 10. The King of France values not the threats of an Interdict threatned the King of France that if he made not Peace with the King of England he would interdict his Dominions The King told him he valued iâ— not and said it belonged not to the Church of Rome to pronounce Sentence against the Kingdom of France when the King chastised his Men homines suos or Subjects for their Contumacy and Rebellion and the Injuries done to the Crown And added That the Cardinal had smelt or received some of the King of England's Sterlings The King [6.] Ibidem of France presently attempted * i. e. Firmitas Bernardi the Fortress of Bernard The King of France defeats the King of England's Army Ferte-Bernard and took it and Montfort and Beaumont and Mayen and Tours Ambais and Chaumont and all the Castles and Towns round the Country nothing stood before him Coming to the Relief of Mayen the King of England's Army was routed and he fled with 700 Horse many were slain in the pursuit The King with a few got into the Castle of Chinon [7.] Ibidem n. 20 30 40. And the King of France had now Conquered all Tourain and Main In the [8.] Ibidem n. 50. later end of June or beginning of July Philip Earl of Flanders William Arch-Bishop of Rhemes and Hugh Duke of Burgundy came to the King of England who was then at Saumur to make a Peace between him and the King of France [9.] Ibidem b. n. 10. The two Kings and Earl Richard with their Arch-Bishops Bishops Earls and Barons met at that time between Tours and Arasic where the King of England submitted himself wholly to the Will and Pleasure of the King of France King Henry does Homage to the King of France and then did Homage to him because in the beginning of the War he had defied him and denied his Dominion and the King of France had disowned and disclaimed his Homage These were the Terms of Peace [1.] Ibidem n. 20. The Articles of Peace between King Henry and the King of France Dictated by the King of France First â—That his Sister Alice which the King of England had in Custody
against him The Militarie men Dissatisfied at the Arch-Bishops proceeding against the Earl of Clare heightned the anger of the King and Militarie men of the Kingdom or Government That he designed to recover the Castle of Tonebrigge from the Earl of Clare and that whole honor long ago aliened from the Church of Canterbury because according to the Decretals it was lawfull for his Predecessors and the Stewards so to manage the farmes of the Church as to increase them not to lessen or alienate them To this Earl of Clare almost all the Nobility of England were allied The [6] Ibid. p. 15 Col. 1. The Arch-Bishop pretends to a right of presentation to all livings in all Towns possessed by his great Tenants and Monks He Excommunicates William de Eynsford a Tenant in Capite and Absolves him to please the King Arch-Bishop had or challenged a right to present to the vacant Churches in the Towns as well of his Barons as his Monks and gave the Church of Eynesford in Kent to one Laurence a Priest The Lord of the Town William de Eynesford molested the Servants of Laurence and forced them out of the Town The Arch-Bishop Excommunicated him he applies himself to the King who writes to the Arch-Bishop to Absolve him whose answer to the King was That it belonged not to him to command any man to be excommunicated or absolved The King insisted upon his Royal Dignity or Prerogative That no Tenent in Capite ought to be Excommunicated without his Knowledge or Consent At length the Arch-Bishop to please the King Absolved him from henceforward the King had no kindness for him tho before he had obteined of him libertie to enjoy the whole Dignity of his Church and that he might seek to recover all the Lands which had been aliened by his Predecessors or were possessed by Lay-men The Insolence and wickedness of Clercs Long before this the King had been angry with the Clergy in the time of Arch-Bishop Theobald having been provoked with the insolency of some of them who had committed Rapin Theft and Murder [7] Ib. Col. 2. Guilty of great Crimes For this reason the King demanded of the Arch-Bishop That by the Consent of him and his * Coepiscoporum The King would have â—hem tryed in his secular Court Fellow-Bishops such Clercs as were taken in convicted of or had confessed any great crime should first be degraded and forthwith delivered to his Court That they might be corporally punished and not have any protection from the Church [ ] Ib. p. 16. Col. 1. He demanded also That when any Clerc was degraded some of his Officers might be present to take him into Custody that he might not fly and escape that punishment The [9] Ibidem The Arch-Bishop calls together the Bishops They were of opinion Clercs were to be Degraded and Delivered to the secular Court Arch-Bishop when he could not obtein leave to deferre his Answer untill next morning went apart with the Bishops and discoursed the matter The Bishops were of opinion that according to the secular Law Clercs were to be degraded and delivered to the Secular Court to be corporally punished which they proved not only by Laws but authentic Examples But he [1] Ibidem The Arch-Bishop says it was against the Canons and Cautions them about the Liberty of the Church following the Canons thought otherwise asserting it was unjust against the Canons and against God that any man should be twice punished by two several Courts And added that they ought to be very carefull that they destroyed not the liberty of the Church by their own Consent for which by example of their High Priest they were by Duty bound to contend unto Death [2] Ib. Col. 2. p. 17. Col. 1 The Bishops replyed that if they consented to what the King demanded the Church was in no danger and that they ought to yield to the wickedness of the time as they called it lest the King should seize all their Temporalties The Arch-Bishop persisted in his opinion and told them they migt not expose any man to death That could not be present at a sentence of Blood The King [3] Ib. Col. 2. not like to prevail in this asked them if they would observe his Royal Customes or Laws The Arch-Bishop answered in all things [4] Salvo tamen per omnia in omnibus ordine nostro The Arch-Bishop and Bishops answer to the King about keeping his Royal Customes Saving their Order by and in all things Afterward he asked the same thing of every Bishop in order and they all gave him the same Answer At which the King was much troubled and left them The Bishops fearful of the Kings Anger followed him and consented to acknowledge his Laws without any [5] Ib p. 18. Col. 1. saving but the Arch-Bishop was immoveable and said far be it from him That for the fear or favor of any Mortalman he should be found to contemn God [6] Ib. Col. 2. The Case between a Burgess of Scarburgh and a Dean If an Angel should come from Heaven and give him advice to make such an absolute acknowledgement he would curse him When the [7] Richard de Lucy was then Justitiary of England Satisfaction Demanded for Breach of the Kings Law King on a certain time was at York a Burgess of Scarburgh complained to him of a Dean a rural Dean that had taken from him 12 s. and injoyned his Wife penance as an Adulteress without proof contrary to the Kings Law The Dean was Convented before the King the Arch-Bishop the Bishops of Lincoln and Durham and John Treasurer of York who not being able to clear himself the Kings Barons were joyned to the Bishops to pronounce sentence upon him John the Treasurer thought it sufficient if he restored the Burgess his money again and was left to his own Bishops mercy whether he should keep his Office or not [7] Richard de Lucy was then Justitiary of England Satisfaction Demanded for Breach of the Kings Law Richard de Luci asked what satisfaction the King should have for the Breach of his Law John answered nothing because he was a Clerc whereupon he refused to be present at the Passing of the Sentence and went out with the other Barons to the King who appealed from this sentence but being called beyond Sea upon extraordinary business did not prosecute the Appeal The The Insolency and Crimes of Clercs Justices Itinerant being at Dunstable there happened a Controversie between Simon Fitz-Peter and Philip de Broc Canon of Bedford Simon informed the King that Broc in a great audience had spoken dishonorably of him The King accused him before the Arch-Bishop and not being able to deny it excused himself that it was done in passion The King demanded judgment against him The Clergy judge him to lose the Benefit of his Prebend for a year and Banishment out of England for that time but this
is cited by the Sheriff of Kent and appeâ—rs in the Kings Court. Request of John he appointed another day to wit the first day of the Council and sent his Writ to the Sheriff of Kent to Cite the Arch-Bishop for the King would not write to him because he would not salute him Nor had he any other Solemn Summons to the Council by Letter according to ancient Custome [8] Ibid. The Arch-Bishop appeared and said he was come by the Kings Command for the cause of John The King replyed that John was in his service at London and would be there on the Morrow and then their cause should be discussed [9] Ibidem Erat siquidem Johannes ille cum Thesauriis caeteris fiscalibus pecuniae publici aeris Receptoribus Londoniis ad Scaccarium Vbi etiam placita Coronae Regis Tractantur for this John was amongst the Officers of the Receipt of the Chequer in London where also pleas of the Kings Crown were handled or holden That first day there was nothing more done between the King and Arch-Bishop the King bad him go home and return to his cause on the Morrow On the Second [1] Ib. Col. 2. day before all the Bishops except the Bishop of Rochester and another which were not then come and all the Earls and Barons of England and many of Normandy Archiepiscopus lese Majestatis Coronae Regiae arguitur The Arch-Bishop was accused of Treason because as is said before he was cited by the King in the cause of John and neither came nor made a sufficient Excuse The Arch-Bishops defence signifyed nothing yet he Alledged the foresaid Injury of John the proper Jurisdiction of the Cause and the Integrity of his Court. The King [2] Ibidem The King demands Judgment Demanded judgment no Reason of the Arch-Bishop was approved It seemed to all out of Reverence to Royal Majesty and the Bond of Liege Homage that the Arch-Bishop made to the King and from the Fidelity and Observance of Terrene Honor which he had Sworn to the King That he made smade small Defence because when cited by the King he neither came nor by his Messengers alledged any Corporal infirmity He is Condemned in the forfeiture of all his moveables or necessary administration of any Ecclesiastical Office that could not be deferred And they Condemned him to be in the Kings Mercy for all his Moveable Goods There was a Difference [3] Ib. p. 23. Col. 1. Difference between the Bishops and temporal Barons in pronouncing Judgment between the Bishops and Barons who should pronounce Judgment each of them imposed it upon other excusing themselves The Barons said you Bishops ought to pronounce sentence it belongs not to us we are Lay-men you Ecclesiastical persons So he you are his fellow-Priests and Fellow-Bishops To these things [4] Ibidem one of the Bishops Answered yea it s rather your Office then ours for this is not an Ecclesiastic Sentence but a Secular we sit not here as Bishops but Barons we are Barons and you are Barons we are Peers or aequals here pares hic sumus You cannot rely upon our Order for if you have respect to that in us you must also have Regard to it in him and then as we are Bishops we cannot Judge our Arch-Bishop and Lord. The King [5] Ibidem The Bishop of Winchester pronounced sentence hearing of this controversie about pronouncing Sentence it was soon ended and imposed upon the Bâ—shop of Winchester who unwillingly pronounced it Archiepiscopus autem quia sententiae vel Recordationi Curiae Regis Angliae non licet contradicere sustinuit Censilio Episcoporum Addacta ad mitigandum honorandum Regem solenni in manum ejus missione quasi Concessionis Judicii ut Moris est The Arch-Bishop because no man might contradict a sentence or Record made in the King of Englands Court by advice of the Bishops submitted to it and by a forced compliance for the honor and mitigation of the King solemnly put himself under his power as it were Granting and acknowledging the Judgement as the Custome was Afterwards on the same day he was prosecuted [6] Ibid. Col. 2. The Arch-Bishop prosecuted for 300 l. for three hundred pounds he had received as he was Castellan or Constable of the Castles of Eye in Suffolk and Berkamstead in Hertfordshire The Arch-Bishop first waved the Action by saying he was not cited for that matter And further said That he had expended that money and much more in the Reparations of the Palace of London and those Castles as might be seen The King would not admit he had done this He gives security for it and Exacts Judgment The Arch-Bishop ready to please the King and not willing such a summe of Money should be the Cause of Anger between them gave security by three Lay-men distinctly and severally the Earl of Glocester William de Eynesford and another all his Tenants On the third day [7] Ib. p. 24. Col. 1. He is prosecuted for a 1000 marks more and several other moneys he received when Chancellor He Consults the Bishops about this matter he was prosecuted at the Kings Suit for five hundred marks lent him in the Army of Tholose and for other five hundred which he borrowed of a Jew upon the Kings security he was also prosecuted for all the profits of the Arch-Bishoprick and other Bishopricks and Abbeys that were voyd during his Chancellorship of all which he was commanded to make an Account to the King The Arch-Bishop said he came not prepared to Answer this matter nor was he cited concerning it yet in time and place he would do to his Lord the King according to right The King exacts security upon that he answered he ought to have the advice of his Suffragans and Clercs about it The King yielded to it and he departed And from that day neither Barons nor Knights came to his House or Hostel to visit him having understood the Kings mind by these proceedings On the fourth day [8] Ibid. Col. 2. p. 25. Col. 1. They advise a Compliance all the Ecclesiastical persons came to the Arch-Bishops House where he treated with the Bishops severally and apart and with the Abbats severally and apart The Bishop of Winchester advised him to offer a Composition in Money and trie the King that way 2000 Marks were offered but refused Others encouraged him to maintein bravely the Liberties of the Church but most perswaded a Compliance with the King 'T is [9] Ib. Col. 2. said they consulted very closely on the fifth day which was Sunday but the Result of their Debates and Counsels not mentioned On the sixth Day the Arch-Bishop fell Sick and the King hearing of it sent all his Earls and many Barons to Demand of him his Resolution after these Consultations and Advices and to know of him whether he would give Security to render an Account of what he
Vndenonaperto propter Enormitatem sed sub quadam insinâ—ationis specie artificiose ei suadebans ut ipse c. The Bishops perswade him to Complyance they did not openly for any Enormity but as it were by way of insinuation artificially perswade him That he should in all things even to what belonged to the Arch-Bishoprick submit himself to the Kings pleasure if he could so appease his wrath and Indignation Adding That unless he did it he would be accused of Perjury and Judged as a Traytor because he had not observed his Oath of Fealty or Fidelity he had Sworn to the King by which he was bound to maintein his Terrene honor nor had observed the Kings Customes or Laws to which he had specially bound himself by a new Oath He was not much dismaid that the world so frowned on him but That which was to him most Detestable above all things was That he Collected from the words of the Bishops That they were ready to Judge him not only in Civil but also in Criminal Causes in a Secular Court * Communiter vobis omnibus in virtute Obedientia Sanctae sub ordinis vestri periculo hoc inhibeo ne deinceps itersitis Judicio quo mea persona judicetur He prohibits the Bishops to Judge him And therefore he forbad them all by virtue of holy Obedience and under peril of their Order That they for the future should not be present in Court when his person was Judged And that they might not do it he appealed to their Mother the Roman Church the Refuge of all oppressed But notwithstanding what he said all the Bishops hastned to the Court except two London and Winchester who privately staid behind and Comforted him After this he went into the Kings Chamber [9] Ib. C. 35. He goes into the Kings Chamber with his Cross Erected Carrying the Cross himself Erected expecting the Kings Coming The Bishops Disswaded this as an undecent posture and would not That he should have proceded after this manner [1] Ib. Col. 36. The King took notice of it and by Out-Crie or Proclamation made by an * vocatis igitur praeconis voce Pontificibus proceribus universis The King complains of his Insolency Herald called together all the Bishops and great men to whom he made a great and grievous complaint That the Arch-Bishop had in Reproach of himself and the Kingdom or Government so Entred the Court as a notable Traytor and so insolently as no Christian Prince had ever seen or heard of the like behaviour All were of the Kings opinion Declaring him always a vain and proud man and that such Ignominie not only reflected upon the King and Kingdom but upon themselves also and said it had Worthily happened to him The Bishops and great men confess him a Traytor who had made such a man the second person in the Kingdom To whom all were subject and none his aequal Therefore they all Declared him a manifest Traytor and to be punished accordingly who had not according to his Oath observed Terrene honor toward his Prince from whom he had received so many and so great advantages but rather in this fact had impressed upon the King and Kingdom a perpetual mark of Treason sed potius in hoc facto Regi Regno perpetuam proditionis Macalam impressisset And to be punished as a perjured person and Traytor they are the Authors words and therefore he ought to be punished as the Kings perjured man and Traytor and this was the voice of them all propterea in eum tanquam in Regis perjurum proditorem animadvertendum super hoc Clamor omnium invalescebat The [2] Ibidem C. 37. The Bishops obtein leave of the King to Consult apart Bishops by leave from the King Consulted apart for they were either to incurre his indignation or with the great men in a Criminal Cause to Condemn their Arch-Bishop which for the manifest violation of holy Sanctions or Canons they dare not do At length the matter was thus patch't up by Common Council or Contrivance of the Bishops That they woul Appeal the Arch-Bishop of perjury in the Court of Rome and bound themselves to the King in the word of Truth That they would use their utmost Endeavour to Depose him Having thus obliged themselves to the King They promise to indeavour to oppose him they all went from him to the Arch-Bishop and Hilary Bishop of Chichester in the name of the rest told him [3] Ibid. That he had been their Arch-Bishop and then they were bound to obey him But because he had Sworn fealty to the King and did Endeavour to destroy his Laws and Customes especially such as belonged to his Terrene Dignity and honor therefore they declared him Guilty of perjury and That for the future they were not to obey a perjured Arch-Bishop They Appâ—al to the Pope And therefore put themselves and what was theirs under the Popes protection and Appealed to his presence and appointed him a day to answer these matters The King [4] Ibidem C. 38. and Chief men without the Bishops sitting in Judgment Rege cum principibus pontificibus substractis sendente pro Tribunali It was most certainly believed The Arch-Bishop would have been imprisoned or somewhat worse have been done to him for the King and all the great men that were present judged him perjured and a Traytor The King and great men judge him perjured and a Traytor The Earls and Barons go to him the Earl of Leicester tells him what he must do And the Earls and Barons and much Company went from the King to the Arch-Bishop of whom the chiefest person Robert Earl of Leicester told him he was to come and answer what was objected against him as he had promised to do the day before or he must hear his Sentence he rising up said Sentence yea Son Earl hear you * His obstinate answer to the Earl of Leicester when the Church of Canturbury was given to me I asked what manner of person that would make me and it was answered free and exempt from the Kings Court Et responsum est Liberum quietum ab omni nexu Curiali me redderet Free therefore and absolute as I am I will not nor am I bound to answer to those things from which I am Exempt And then added My Son Earl observe by how much the Soul is more worthy than the Body by so much the more I am to obey God than a Terrene Prince But neither Law nor reason permits That Children or Sons should Condemn or Judge their Fathers and therefore I decline the sentence of the King your self and others as being to be judged under God alone by the Pope Vnde Regis et tuum et aliorum Iudicium decline sub Deo solo a Domino Papa judicandus To whose presence I do before you all appeal putting both the Dignity and Order of the Church
Commanded his Precepts should be made in the Kingdom per quod fieri praecepit Mandata sua in Regno He Delivered him also in Custody the Tower of London and to the Bishop of Durham the Castle of Windsor in Custody with the Forests and County The King was no sooner gone but his two Chief Justices contended about Power that which pleased one displeased the other In the year 1190. King Richard kept the [2] Hoved. f. 378. a. n. 40.50 A. D. 1190. first Christmass after his Coronation at Bure in Normandy with the Great Men of that Nation After that Solemnity Phillip King of France and he met and Established a firm Peace between themselves and Kingdoms A firm Peace Established between the Kings of England France which was Written and Confirmed by their Oaths and Seals on the Feast of St. Hillary Jan. 13th and the Archbishops and Bishops of both Kingdoms agreed to it In the word of Truth in verbo veritatis and the Earls and Barons of both Kingdoms swore they would faithfully keep that Peace which was [ ] Append. n. 69. The Articles of the Peace That they should both preserve the Honor of each other and keep Faith to one another in Defending their Lives Limbs and Terrene Honor. That neither should fail the other in the Management of their Affairs But that the King of France should help the King of England to Defend his Land as if he were to Defend the City of Paris if it were Besieged And so King Richard was to Defend the King of France his Dominions as he would Defend Roven if that were Besieged [4] Ibid. b. lin 3. The Earls and Barons of both Kingdoms swore They would not Depart from their Fealty to their Kings nor make any War or Broyls within their Dominions while they were in their Peregrination and the Archbishops firmly promised in the Word of Truth That they would Anathematize the Transgressors of this Peace and Agreement They further agreed That if either of them Died the Survivor should have the Money and Men of the Defunct to carry on the Service of God And because they could not be ready by the Close or Octaves of Easter they Deferred their Voyage until Midsummer After [5] Ibid. n. 30. King Richard sends for his Mother his Bishops and Brother to come to him into Normandy The Bishop of Ely Chancellor made chief Justiciary by the King Candlemass the King sent for Queen Alienor his Mother Alice Sister to Phillip King of France Baldwin Archbishop of Canturbury Iohn of Norwich Hugh of Durham Godfrey of Winchester Reginald of Bath William of Ely Hubert of Salisbury Hugh of Chester Bishops and Geofrey Elect of York and his Brother Iohn Earl of Moreton to come to him into Normandy and having advised with them he constituted William Bishop of Ely his Chancellor Chief Justice of England Summum Justitiarium Angliae and granted to Hugh Bishop of Durham the Office of Justitiarie from the River Humber to the confines of Scotland Concessit Hugoni Episcopo Dunelmensi Justitiarium à fluvio Humbri usque ad Terram Regis Scotiae [6] Ibid. n. 40. His Bâ—others John and Geofry swear they would not go into England in three years without his â—ave John Earl of Moreton released from his Oath And made his Brothers Iohn Earl of Moreton and Geofrey Elect of York swear they would not go into England within three years next following without his leave yet soon after he released his Brother Iohn from his Oath and gave him leave to return to England Upon his making another Oath that he would faithfully serve him From [7] Ibid. n. 50. He writes to the Pope to make his Chancellor Legate Normandy he sent his Chancellor into England to prepare all things necessary for himself and his Expedition and designing to Exalt him above all the Clercs and Laics of his Kingdom He sent to Pope Clement and prevailed with him to Commit to him the * See Append. n. 70. * â—cest the King or his Chancellor 1500 Marks See Hoved. f. 380. b. n. 10. Legantin Power of all England and Scotland or rather Wales His Chancellor at his return incompassed the Tower of London with a Deep Ditch intending the Thames should flow about it and [8] Ibidem The Chancellor encompassed the Tower of London with a Ditch And levies an Ayd for the Kings use Took for the Kings use of every City of England two Palfreys or Saddle Horses and two Sumpters as an Ayd and of every Abby one Palfrey or Saddle Horse and one Sumpter and of every of the Kings Maners as of the Abby's These horses undoubtedly were to be imployed in the War he was undertaking though 't is not said so in the Historian On the 16th of [9] Ibidem f. 379. a. lin 1. The Jews shut themselves up in the Tower of York for fear of the Christians They refuse to deliver it upon dâ—mand They cut one anothers throats rather than yield March and upon the Eve of Palm-Sunday the Jews of the City of York by consent of the Constable and the Sheriff shut themselves up in the Tower there for fear of the Christians and when the Constable and Sheriff Demanded the Tower of them they refused to deliver it whereupon the Citisens and Strangers which came to the County Court Populus Civitatis Extranei qui ad Comitatum venerant at the Request and by the incouragement of the Sheriff and Constable made an assault upon them which they continued Night and Day so as the Jews offered a great Sum of Money for Liberty to be gone but the people would not accept it These Jews were all destroyed The Historian reports that finding they must fall into the Hands of the Christians by agreement and Consent they cut one anothers throats rather than they would Dye by the hands of the incircumcised and enemies to their Law However it was [1] Ibid. n. 20.30 The * See Append. n. 71. what Power he gave him The Chancellor comes to York and displaces the Sheriff and Constable of the Tower Chancellor now also the Popes Legat and Justitiarie of all England after Easter came to York with a great Army to take those malefactors which destroyed the Jews and knowing it was done by the Command of the Sheriff and Constable he Displaced them both and took of the Citisens an hundred Pledges for the keeping of their faith and peace to King and Kingdom and that they would stand to the Law in the Kings-Court concerning the Death of the Jews And the Knights or Military Tenents of the County That is the Strangers which were Suitors and came to the County-Court as above which would not come to right or rather appear to the Accusation he caused to be apprehended Milites autem provinciae Qui ad Rectum noluerunt venire praecepit Comprehendi At this time by the [2] Ibid. n. 40. The
Quarter a Farthing White-Loafe well Baked was to weigh sixteen shillings and a Farthing Loaf of the whole grain as it came from the Mill was to weigh twenty four shillings when Wheat was at Eighteen pence the Quarter then a Farthing White-loafe was to weigh sixty four shillings and a Farthing loafe of the whole Grist as it came from the Mill was to weigh ninety six shillings This is the highest and lowest price of Wheat mentioned in the Historian and the intermediate weight of Bread was proportionate to the intermediate price of Wheat and the Assise did rise and fall as the price of Wheat did rise and fall according to six pence in every Quarter and this Assise was Proclaimed through the whole Kingdom The King kept his [6] Ibid. n. 40 50. A. D. 1203. King Johns Luxury and Negligence Christmass at Caen in Normandy where laying aside the Thoughts of Warlike attempts he Feasted splendidly every day with his Queen and lay in Bed till Noon ubi postpositis incursionibus Bellicis cum Regina Epulabatur quotidie splendidè somnosque matutinales usque at prandendi Horam protraxit After Easter the King of France raised a great Army and took many of his Castles The places of strength he kept up the others he levelled with the ground King Iohn was told what the King of France had done he only Replyed let him alone whatever he now takes I will one day have again The English Nobility obtein leave to go home The English Earls Barons and other Noblemen hearing what he said and observing his irremediable Sloth obtained [7] f. 209. lin 2. leave to go home and left him but with few Knights or Military men in Normandy Hugh de Gournay yeilded to the King of France the Castle of Montfort with the whole Honor which King Iohn had given unto him who remained all this time secure at Roven so as people said he was bewitched ita quod ab omnibus diceretur ipsâ—m fore sortilegiis maleficiis infatuatum For he was as brisk and merry as if he had lost nothing King Philip Besieges and takes his Castles and Towns nor no ill had happened to him The King of France proceeds and invests Le Chasteau du Vau de Ruil within the Jurisdiction of Roven with a mighty Force Robert Fitz-Walter and Saber de Quincy in whose keeping it was delivered that Noble Castle so soon as he appeared before it Normandy being defenceless [8] Ibid. 10.20 Normandy and his other Transmarine Dominions left without Defence and his other Transmarine Dominions the King of France went where he would without Contradiction and received many Castles under his power and protection At the same time he Besieged the Excellent Castle upon the Rock in Andeli which King Richard Built But by the incomparable Courage and Fidelity of Roger de Lasci to whose Defence the Castle was Committed he prevailed little against it Sed probitate Rogeri de Lascâ— fidelitate incomparabili in illa obsidione parum profecit In this Juncture some Normans revolted from the King of England and others dissembled and staid with him King Iohn [9] Ibid. He came into England and accused his Nobility for deserting him He severely Taxed both them and the Religious seeing his Condition and that he had no force to support him Shipped himself and Landed at Portsmouth in die Sancti Nicholai on the 6th of December and then accusing the Earls and Barons that they had left him amongst his Enemies beyond Sea and that through their neglect he lost his Castles and Territories there He took of them the seventh part of all their moveables Neither did he in this Taxe spare Conventual or Parochial Churches For he had saith the Monk [1] Ibid. n. 30. Hubert and Fitz-Peter were the instruments of his Rapine those who Executed this Rapin upon the Ecclesiastics Hubert Archbishop of Canturbury and upon the Laics Geofry Fitz-Peter Iusticiary of England who spared no man in this Execution Qui in Executione dicta Nulli pepercerunt The King of France taking his [2] Ibid. n. 30 40. King Philips attempt to bring his transmarine Dominions under his obedience advantage when King Iohn was absent came with great Force before the several Citys and Castles of his Dominions declared to the Citisens and Castellans their King had left them and that he was chief Lord of their Countries and seeing the King of England had deserted them he must preserve the principal Dominion that was his own from injury and therefore friendly desired them to receive him as their Lord when they had no other Upon what Conditions they consented to yeild And if they would not submit to his Proposition he Swore if they fought against him and were subdued he would hang or flay them alive At length after many disputes they unanimously consented they would give Hostages for one years Truce and if the King of England Relieved them not in that time they would recognize him their Lord and render their Citys and Castles to him On the Morrow after [3] Ibid. â— 50 A. D. 1204. A Parliament called at Oxford and an Ayd granted Epiphany or the 2d of January the King and great men of England Convened in Parliament at Oxford in Crastino Circumcisionis Rex Magnates Angliae convenerunt ad Colloquium apud Oxonium where was granted to the King a Military Ayd of two Marks and half of every Knights Fee nor did the Bishops or Abbats or Ecclesiastic persons depart without promise of the same The Knights that were in the City of [4] Scriptor Norm f. 1057. B The Knights and Burgesses of Roven capitulate with King Philip. Roven and Burgesses entred into Covenants with the King of France Dated June 1. and gave 40 Hostages for the performance of them That if the King of England did not make Peace with the King of France according to his liking or remove him from the place where he was before Roven within 30 days they would deliver the City The Covenants are long and contein many things stipulated between the King of France and the Knights and Burgesses which were to be performed upon Rendition of the City [5] Paris f. 211. n. 40. Roven yeilded to him which for want of assistance came under the King of France his power The Castle upon the Rock in Andeli [6] Ibid. Andeli Castle Surrendred after a years Seige after almost a years Siege a great part of the Walls falling down the Foundation having been underdigged and the Defendants wanting Victuals fell into the King of France his hands But before the Delivery Roger Constable of Chester choosing rather to Dye with his Sword in his hand then be starved with several other of his stout Companions when they had not meat for one Meal left The great Courage and Bravery of Roger de Lasci mounted their Horses and Sallyed out and Killed many of
before Ascension Day he should be no King much Credit was given to what he said notwithstanding the King kept him in Bonds and Close Prisoner And the [1] Ibid. n. 20. King Johns dissolute Life Monk says the King Defiled many Noblemens Wives and Daughters laid great Taxes on others and Confiscated the Estates of others so as he made to himself almost so many Enemies as there were great men And therefore at this time [2] Ibidem when they knew themselves absolved from their Fealty and Allegiance they rejoyced much and says the Monk further if common same was to be credited they every one sent the King of France a [3] Ibid. n. 30. Chart Sealed with their Seals That he might safely come into England receive the Kingdom and be Crowned with honor and glory About this time [4] Ibid. A. D. 1212. The Bishops inform the Pope against the King Stephan Archbishop of Canturbury William Bishop of London and Eustachius Bishop of Ely went to Rome and informed the Pope of the many Rebellions and Enormities King Iohn had committed since the Interdict inuerunt Papae multimodas Rebelliones Enormitates quas fecerat Rex Anglorum Johanes lifting up the hand of oppression and Cruelty against God and Holy Church and therefore humbly supplicated him in this Extremity to commiserate and assist the English Church The Pope was very Sorrowful when he had heard their Narrative and by advice of his Cardinals Bishops and other wise men [5] Ibid. n. 40. The Pope pronounces the Sentence of Deposition And writes to King Philip to put it in Execution he pronounced the Sentence of Deposition against King Iohn and ordered a more worthy person to succeed him and wrote to Philip King of France to put this Sentence in Execution and that he might undertake it he granted to him the Remission of all his sins and the Kingdom of England to him and his Successors in perpetual right when once he had Dethroned and expelled him Ad hujus quoque sententiae executionem scripsit Dominus Papa potentissimo Regi Francorum Philippo Quatenus Remissionem omnium suorum peccaminum hunc laborem assumeret Rege Anglorum a Solio Regni expulso ipse successores sui Regnum Angliae Jure perpetuo possiderent He [6] Ibid. n. 50. The Popes zeal to have King John dethroned wrote also to all great men Knights and other Warriers of divers Nations That they should undertake the Crusado ut sese Cruce signarent for the Dethroning of the King of England and follow the King of France the General in this Expedition and labor to vindicate the Injury done to the Vniversal Church and Decreed that whosoever should contribute either Money or other assistance toward the subduing of that Contumacious King should remain secure as well in their Goods as persons and in the Suffrages of their Souls or Prayers for their Souls in the Peace of the Church as those who visit the Sepulchre of the Lord. Sicut illi qui Sepulchrum Domini visitant Tam in Rebus quam in personis animarum suffragiis in pace Ecclesiae securi permaneant [7] Ibid. Pandulph sent into England And with this Commission and Instructions he sent Pandulph his Nuntio with the English Bishops that in his presence they might be executed But when [8] Ibid f. 233. l. 1. they were all gone out Pandulph asked the Pope privately what he might do if the King of England should repent and make satisfaction to God and the Roman Church and all others concerned in this business He presently gave him a form of Peace to which if the King would assent he might find favor at the Apostolic See In January [9] Ibid. n. 20. Ann. Dom. 1213. The English Bishops pronounced the Sentence in France They exhort King Philip to execute it He accordingly prepares to go into England next year Stephan Arch-bishop of Canturbury William Bishop of London and Eustachius Bishop of Ely in a Council in France before the King Bishops Clergy and Laity solemnly promulged the Sentence that had been pronounced against the King of England for Contumacy and then exhorted the King of France and all with him and for the Remission of their Sins injoyned them to Depose King Iohn and set up another by the Popes Authority He had now what a long time he desired and prepares accordingly and commands all the men under his power that is to say Dukes Earls Barons Knights and Esquites to be ready with their Horse and Arms at Roven eight days after Easter Rex Francorum omnes suae ditionis hâ—mines duces videlicet Comâ—es Barones Milites servientes cum equis armis c. under the Disgrace of being reputed Turn-tayls or Run-aways sub nomine * Du Fresâ— says these words sub nomine Culvertagil are of the same import with sub Poena Confiscationis Culverragii or least they should be disinherited as Traytors At the same time he caused all the Ships of his own Nation and many others to be Equipped Armed and Victualled King [1] Ibid. n. 40. Iohn having notice of this great preparation against him beyond Sea took care to prevent the Danger of it by fitting up all the Ships in all the Ports of England and by sending to all the [2] Append. N. 95. Sheriffâ— of every County of England to summon all the Earls Barons Knights and all Freemen and Esquires or Serjeants whoever they were and of whomsoever they held who ought to have or could have Arms and who had done Homage and Ligeance to him [3] Paris 234. n. 10 20 King Johns preparation to oppose King Philip. There were several Rendezvouses at Dover Feversham and Ipswich where the numbers were so great as they wanted Victuals therefore the unarmed multitude was sent home and the Knights Esquires Freemen Crosse-Bow-men and Archers staid upon the Coast The Bishop of Norwiâ—h came out of Ireland with 500 Soldiers and many Horse to the King and was kindly received The whole Force that was Mustered upon Barham Down consisted of sixty Thousand strong well armed men He designed also to way-lay the French Fleet and fight them with his Navy which was greater and stronger then that of France While King [4] Ibid. n. 30 40 50. Pandulph affrighteth King John Iohn expected the arrival of the King of France upon the Coast of Kent near Dover Pandulph sent two Templars to let the King know he would speak with him by whom the King desired he would come to him with speed They met at Dover when Pandulph tells him what a vast Navy and Army the King of France a. The French Historians Rigord and Mezâ—raâ— and our * Hypodigm Neustria Walsingham in this Year 1213. say that of all the Nobility of France Ferrand Earl of Flanders only refused to assist the King of France in this Expedition so that he resolved before he took Shipping
Noise entred the City by the favor of the Rich Citisens the poor not daring to speak against it The Barons [8] Ibid. n. 50. having thus possessed themselves of London after they had placed their own Guards upon every Gate and taken security of the Citisens Disposed of all things in the City as they pleased They sent their Letters to the Earls Barons and Knights that really or seemingly adhered to the King exhorting them with Threats [9] Ib. f. 255. lin 1. n. 10. The Barons exhort all to desert the King They threaten to ruine all that shall adhere to him That if they would not Desert the perjured King and faithfully close with them in asserting their Liberties they would proceed against them as Public Enemies beat down their Castles burn their Houses and destroy their Warrens Parks and Hortyards Those who had not yet Sworn the Liberties were William Marshal Earl of Pembroke Ranulph Earl of Chester William Earl of Salisbury William Earl Waren William Earl of Albemarl H Earl of Cornwall William de Albeney Robert de Vipont Peter Fitz-Hubert Brien de Lisâ—e G. de Luci G. de Furnival Thomas Basset Henry de Braibroke Iohn de Bassinghorn William de Cantilupe Hen. de Cornbusse Iohn Fitz-Hugh Hugh de Nevile Philip de Albiney Iohn Marshal William Bruwer The most of whom upon the Command of the Barons left the King went to London and Confederated with them The King [1] Ibid. n. 20 30. The King promised to grant the Liberties they desired seeing himself Deserted and fearing they would Seize his Castles sent William Earl of Pembrâ—ke and other faithful Messengers to them to let them know he would Grant them the Laws and Liberties they Desired And sent to them also to appoint a day and place for a meeting to prosecute this affair The Barons immenso Gaudio recreati statuerunt Regi Diem ut veniret contra eos ad Colloquium in pratum inter Stanes Windleshores situm Decimo quinto die Junii being Transported with great Joy A. D. 1215.17 Johannis Regis appointed the King a Day to meet them at a Conference in a Meadow between Stanes and Windsor upon the 15th of June The King and great men [2] Ibid. n. 40. He met the Barons at the Day appointed met at the Day and place appointed and each side being by themselves they began to Treat of Peace and the Liberties aforesaid There were of the Kings party in Appearance Fuerunt autem Quasi ex parte Regis Stephan Archbishop of Canturbury Henry Archbishop of Dublin William Bishop of London Peter Bishop of Winchester Hugh Bishop of Lincoln Iocelin Bishop of Bathe Walter Bishop of Worcester William Bishop of Coventry and Benedict Bishop of Rochester Master Pandulph the Popes Old Servant and Brother Almaric Master of the Militia of thâ— Temple in England with the following Noble men William Marschal Earl of Pembroke the Earls of Salisbury Waren and Arundel Alan of Galaway W. Fitz-Gerold Peter Fitz-Herbert Thomas Basset Mathew Fitz-Herbert Alan Basset Hugh de Nevile Hubert de Burâ— Seneschal of Poictou Robert de Ropeley Iohn Mareschal Philip de Albiney Those of the Barons [3] Ibidem n. 50. party were so many of the Nobility as they were not easily numbred and therefore at Length the King perceiving his Forces to be inferior to those of the Barons without difficutly Granted the Laws and Liberties in two Charters because they were so [4] Ibidem f. 259. n. 30. He granted them two Charters of Liberties many they could not be conteined in one Schedule The first of them was called Charta Communium Liberttaâ—um or Magna Charta The Charter of Liberties or the Great Charter The Second was called Charta Forestae The Charter of the Liberties and Customes of the Forest and are both to be found in the [5] Append. n. 112 113. Appendix turned into English Before the making of this Charter of Common Liberties as it was called on the fifteenth of January in the 16th of this King he [6] Append. n. 114. He granted the Clergy liberty to Elect their Prelates Granted the Freedom of Elections to Bishopricks and Abby's to all Cathedral and Conventual Churches to choose their Prelates great and small without his Nomination or Recomendation of such as were faithful to him c. contrary to the usage of his Predecessors and procured the Popes [7] Append. n. 115. And to go beyond Sea when they pleased Confirmation of it which Grant is particularly confirmed by the first Article of this Charter The Clergy also by this Charter obteined Liberty under general Words to depart beyond the Seas and go and Return at their pleasure which was a great advantage to them in all their Negotiations against the King before which time they could not Depart without his Licence There was also inserted into this Charter an Article That no Ecclesiastic person should be Amerced according to the Quantity or Value of their Benefices but only according to his Lay-Tenement or Possession of which they seldom had any This Article was much to the Advantage of the Clergy for by this means they had a freedom and immunity for the perpetration of all Penal and Pecuniary Crimes From the further [8] Append. n. 16. Twenty five Barons to be chosen to see the Peace and Liberties kept Establishment of these Charters and greater security of the Barons The King yeilded that they should Choose twenty five Barons who should cause the peace and Liberties he had Granted to be Conserved and so as if he or his Justiciarie broke any of the Articles and their fault was Discovered to four of the twenty five Barons those four should come to them and demand amends which if not made within fourty Days they should inform the twenty five and they with the Community of the whole Land should force them by taking of their Castles Lands and Possessions or any othâ—r ways they could until they gave satisfaction according to their Judgments saving the persons of himself Queen and Children and whoever would Swear to obey the Barons in the Execution of these things might nay that he would Command them to do it If all the Barons could not Agree or all upon Summons could not or would not appear what the Major part did was to be firm and allowed He bound himself also that he would obtein nothing whereby any of the Liberties or Concessions should be Revoked and Diminished and that if any such thing were obteined it should be void and that he would not use it and then pardons all his men or Feudataries Clercs and Laics And the better to enable them to do this the four Castellans or Governors of the Castles of Northampton Kenelworth Nottingham and Scarburgh should be Sworn to the twenty five Barons to do with those Castles what they or the greater part of them Commanded and that there should always be such Governors placed in
Castle William Mareschal Walo the Legate and Peter Bishop of Winchester and others who then managed the Affairs of the Kingdom Summoned all the Kings Castellans and Knights and those that were in Garrisons in diverse parts to meet at Newark on Whisun-Tuesday to go along with them to raise the Siege of Lincoln Castle They all shewed a great readiness to Fight with the Excommunicated French and very joyfully met at the place and day appointed With them went the Legate and many other Prelates to persue with Prayers and Arms all such as were disobedient to the King and Rebels to the Pope When they were all come together they were 400 Knights 250 Balisharii Cross-Bow-men and such [8] Ibid. fol. 295. n. 10. Esquires and Horsemen without number That if necessity required they would supply the place of Knights The chief were William Mareschal and William his Son Peter Bishop of Winchester well skilled in Martial Affairs Ranulph Earl of Chester The chief persons in that Army William Earl of Salisbury William Earl of â—errars William Earl of Albâ—marle And the Barons were William de Albiny John Mareschal William de Cantelupo and William his Son Falcasius Thomas Basset Robert de Veteri-Ponte Bryan de Insula Geofry de Lucie Philip de Albiney with many Castellans well exercised in Military Discipline They stayed three days at Newark They stayed three days at Newark for the refreshment of their Men and Horses where they were Confessed and fortified themselves by the Perception of the Lords Body and Blood Corporis sanguinis Dominici perceptione sese muniâ—bant against the Assaults of their Enemies On Friday in Whitsun-week after their Confession and receiving the Sacrament The Legate [9] Ibid. n. 20. shewed how unjust that cause was which Lewis and the Barons his Adherents had undertaken to defend for which they had been Excommunicated and separated from the Vnity of the Church And then by name Excommunicated Lewis The Legate encouraged the King's Army and all his Accomplices and Favorers and especially all those that Besieged Lincoln But to those who had undertaken this Expedition he gave a full Pardon and the promise of Eternal Salvation This so animated the Army that they triumphantly marched towards Lincoln fearing nothing but the Enemies flight before they came thither When the [1] Ibid. n. 30 40. Barons and French which were in the City heard of their approach they received the news with Scoffs and Laughter thinking themselves to be secure However Robert-Fitz-Walter and Saher Earl of Winton went out of the City to observe the motions and number of the Kings Forces when they returned They march in great order towards Lincoln they reported their March to be very orderly but that they exceeded them in number This Account gave no satisfaction to the Earl of Perch and the Mareschall [2] Ibid. n. 50. Wherefore they went out to take a View of the Kings Army The Advices and Counsels of the French Officers various which marched in such order that they were mistaken in their Observations and returned both deceived and uncertain the advices upon this were various at last it was agreed the Gates should be Locked up and Watches set to keep out their Enemies and every one to make ready for a defence and in the mean time to Batter and Assault the Castle which they thought could not long hold out When the Kings [3] Ibid. f. 296. n. 10. The Kings Army Assaults the City of Lincoln The Baroâ—s and French are heaten Army was come before that part of the City where the Castle stands the Castellans by a private Messenger gave them notice of every thing that was done within and moreover told them that if they would they might enter at the Postern gate of the Castle which was left open for them Falcacius accepts the offer and enters with all such as he commanded and the Cross-Bow-men whilst the rest of the Army made an assault upon the Northern gate And having from the Castle wounded and unhorsed some of the most forward and valiant Barons He suddenly issued out and very narrowly escaped being taken put them all into Confusion which gave an opportunity to the whole Army to enter A very great number yeilded to the Conquerors mercy But the Earl of Perch [4] Ibid. n. 30. The names of the cheif Prisoners that were taken refusing to yeild to any Englishman that had been a Traytor to his own King was slain Of the Chiefest Barons were taken Saher Earl of Winton Henry de Boun Earl of Hereford Gilbert de Gant whom Lewis had lately made Earl of Lincoln Robert Fitz-Walter Richard Munfichet William Mumbray William Beauchamp William Mandut Oliâ—er Harcourt Roger Cressy William Colevill William de Ros Robert Ropesle Ranulph Cheinduit and about 400 Knights 400 Knights c. taken besides Esquires Ordinary Horsemen and foot This Victory was obteined on the 19th of May being Saturday in Whitsun-Week The spoyl of the [5] Ibid. fol. 297. n. 10 20. The City and Cathedral Plundered City and Cathedral was given to the Soldiers for the Legat had commanded they should treat all Canonical persons as Excommunicated When they had made an end of Plundering William Mareschall commanded all his Castellans to return home with their Prisoners and keep them under a strict guard till they knew the Kings pleasure Lewis [6] Ibid. f. 2â—7 n. 50. Lewis sends to his Father and Wife for more Forces He afraid to Anger the Pope leaves all to his wife hearing of this great overthrow forthwith sent Messengers to his Father the King of France and to his Wife the Lady Blanch to send some speedy Succours The King fearing he should anger the Pope if he should assist his Son who was Excommunicated left it wholly to Lewis his Wife [7] Ibid. fol. 298. n. 10. She sends 300 Knights with other Forces They were met and Beaten at Sea who speedily sent 300 stout Knights with a great many Armed men under the Conduct of Eustachius a Monk After they were Shipped a brisk wind drove them toward the Coast of England but by the way several of the Kings Ships under the Command of Philip de Albiney met with them between whom was a bloody Sea fight [8] Ibid. n. 30. And most taken Prisoners At length the French seeing no hopes of Success or Escape some desperately leaped into Sea and the rest yeilded themselves Prisoners When the News of this defeat came to Lewis it more grieved him than the overthrow at Lincoln [*] Ibid. n. 40. Eustachius the Monks Head cut off Eustachius the Monk offered a great summ of Money for his Life but Richard the Bastard Son of King John calling him wicked Traytor Told him he should never deceive any man further with false promises and so cut off his head After this [9] Ibid. n. 50. William Earl Marshal Besiegeth London the Mareschall encompassed London with a
great Army and Besieged it both by Land and Water Lewis finding himself reduced to great streights signified to the Legat and Mareschall that he would submit to their advice and consent to any thing [1] Ibid. f. 299. n. 10. Lewis offereth a Treaty consistent with his own Honor and without Scandal to his Friends They being very willing to be rid of him send him a [2] f. 299. n. 10. The Legat and William Marshal send him a Form of Peace He accepts it King Henry and Lewis meet at Stanes A. D. 1217. Form of Peace to which if he would Consent he should have free passage and conduct out of England if not they would endeavour the destruction of him and his Accomplices Lewis and his Councellors accepted the offer and sent to the Mareschall and Legat to fix upon a place and day that a speedy Peace might be concluded They appoint a place nigh Stanes by the River Thames where King Henry the Legat and the Mareschall with many others on the one side And Lewis with the Barons on the other side met and agreed upon this Form of Peace on the Eleventh of September Lewis [3] Ibid. n. 20.30.40 The Form of Peace Swore that he and all with him that were Excommunicated would stand to the Judgment of Holy Church and for the future would be faithful to the Pope and Church of Rome That he would forthwith depart the Kingdom of England and never more return again with any ill design during his Life And that he would endeavor what he could to induce King Philip his Father to restore to King Henry all his rights beyond the Seas and that when he should come to be King he would quietly restore them And that he should immediately deliver to the King all those Castles with their Lands he had possessed himself of in England during this War King Henry with the Legat and Mareschall Swore they would restore to the Barons of England and to all others of the Kingdom All their Rights and Inheritance together with the Liberties they before desired for which there arose so great discord between King John and the Barons neither should it be any Damage or Reproach to any that had adhered to the one or to the other side That all Prisoners who had redeemed themselves before this Peace was made and had paid part of the money for their redemption what was paid should not be returned and what remained should be remitted Lewis Borrowed 5000 l. of the Citizens of London and passeth into France That all Prisoners either taken at Lincoln or at Sea whether of the Kings or Lewis his side should without any difficulty or price of redemption be set free After this Lewis and all his Followers were absolved and returned to London where having borrowed 5000 l. Sterling of the Citizens he was by the great Mareschall conducted to the Sea and so passed over into France When the Legat [4] Ibid. n. 40 50. The Bishops Abbats c. that assisted Lewis excepted from absolution The Legat sent out Inquisitions to find out all Clercs that were inclined to Lewis and deprived them of their Benefices absolved Lewis and his followers he excepted all such Bishops Abbats Priors Secular Canons and Clercs who assisted or favoured Lewis and the Barons particularly Simon de Langton and Gervase de Hobrugge who caused Holy Mysteries to be performed by such as were excommunicated They were first deprived of all their Benefices and then forced to go to Rome Soon after Lewis his departure The Legat sent Inquisitors all over England and whomsoever they found the least ingaged or inclined to Lewis and the Barons of what order and Dignity soever they were They first suspended them and then sent them to him who deprived them of all their Benefices The Bishop of Lincoln paid 1100 Marks for his Bishoprick and bestowed them on his own Clercs Hugh Bishop of Lincoln paid to the Popes use 1000 Marks and 100 to the Legat for his Bishoprick whose Example many of the Bishops and Religious followed This year on the sixteenth of July dyed * Ibid. fol. 297. n. 40. A. D. 1218. Pope Innocent the Third To whom succeeded Honorius the Third King Henry [5] Ibid. fol. 300. n. 20 30. Several of the Barons were loath to part with the Lands they had gotten in the late Wars kept his Christmass at Northampton and Falâ—asius supplyed him with all necessaries for the Festival In those days several of the Nobility and others The chief of which were VVilliam Earl of Albemarle Falcasius with his Castellans Robert de Vipont Brian de Lisle Hugo de Bailluel Philip Marc and Robert de Gaugi having in time of War accustomed themselves to Rapine could not forbear exercising the same in time of Peace but forcibly held the Castles with the Lands and Possessions belonging to them of some Bishops and great men contrary to the Kings Will and Command Robert de Gaugi refused to deliver the Castle and Town of Newark to the Bishop of Lincoln The King Besieged it and is yeilded upon Terms but especially Robert de Gaugi though Admonished several times by the King refused to yeild up the Castle and Town of Newark to Hugh Bishop of Lincoln Whereupon the Great Mareschall at the Kings Command raised an Army and Besieged the Castle after eight days Siege Robert de Gaugi capitulated with the Bishop to Deliver the Castle to him upon payment of an Hundred pounds Sterling for the Victuals that was in it the Bishop with the Kings consent did accept the Terms so the Siege was raised and every one went to their own home This Year on the 18th of February the Protector * Append. N. 144. Clercs that adhered to Lewis Banished wrote in the Kings Name to the Sheriffs to make Proclamations in their Counties That all Clercs that had adhered to Lewis and were therefore Excommunicated and not absolved should be Banished and if they departed not the Nation before Mid-Lent they were to be imprisoned And such as were Absolved if they remained Friends to Lewis c. they were however to be Imprisoned He wrote on the 22d of the same Month also to the * Append. N. 145. The Charter of Liberties to be observed Sherifs of the several Counties for the better satisfying the minds of men That they should look after the observation of the Charter of Liberties and the Forest and see all Castles built in the time of War Demolished On the 16th of March in the same year Llewellen Prince of Northwales * Cl. 2. Hen. 3. M. 4. The Prince of North Wales receives in Custody the Kings Castles c. Received in Custody from Gualo the Popes Legat the Kings Castles of Kaermarden and Kaerdigan with their Lands and all appurtenances in the presence of Peter Bishop of Winchester William Marescal Earl of Pembroke and many other Bishops Earls and Barons there named and others
a reasonable time to be prefixed by the Archbishop of Canturbury for the Damage done them by him and his People from the day of the taking of the Castle of Kynardesly unto the day of his Absolution that is to say Saturday the 7th of October in the 7th year of King Henry's Reign and for the performance hereof were bound with him Mereduc the Son of Robert and many others This year about the First of August dyed [8] Ibid. n. 30 Philip King of France dies Philip King of France when King Henry had notice of it he sent the Archbishop of Canterbury with three other Bishops to King Lewis to demand the restitution of Normandy King Henry demands the restitution of Normandy from King Lewis with all other his Transmarine Dominions according to his Oath when he left England King Lewis answered that he was justly possessed of Normandy and other Dominions and was ready to make it appear in his own Court if the King of England would come thither Et ibidem juri parere and stand to the Law Who refuseth to restore them And taxeth him with violation of his Oath Adding that the King of England had violated his Oath in putting those of his party he had taken at Lincoln to a a grievous Ransome And also that those Liberties for which the War was begun that were Granted and Sworn to at his departure were not observed when the Archbishop and the other Bishops could obtain no other Answer they returned into England and gave the King an Account of it This year the Great Men of [9] fol. 318. n. 20. The Great Men complain of Hubert de Burgh England Magnates Angliae complained and murmured against Hubert de Burgh the Justiciary alledging that he exasperated the King against them and that he did not duely administer Justice But that which more especially provoked them was That those Messengers he had sent to Rome were returned with a Bull from the Pope directed to the Archbishops of England and their Suffragans declaring the King to be of full Age The Pope declares the King of full age and that all the Affairs of the Kingdom should be managed by him and his Council The words of the Bull were as followeth Quatenus Authoritate Apostolica denunciarent Comitibus Baronibus Militibus aliis Vniversis qui custodias habebant Castrorum Honorum Villarum Quae ad Regis Dominium spectabant ut contnuo visis Literis Regi illas redderent contradictores autem per censuram Ecclesiasticam ad satisfactionem compellerent That by Apostolic Authority they should declare to the Earls Barons Knights and all others who had the Custody of the King's Castles Honors and Towns That upon sight of these Letters they render them to the King And whoever refused they should compel by Ecclesiastical Censure Notwithstanding the greatest part of the [1] Ibid. n. 30 The Earls and Barons refuse to deliver up the King's Castles c. Earls and Barons although admonished by the Bishops did not render up their several Trusts but rather conspired together to put themselves in Arms to disturb the Peace of the Nation then give the King satisfaction in the premisses In the year 1224. the King [2] The Earl of Chester threatens the King and Justiciary The Archbishop threatens to Excommunicate him kept his Christmass at Northampton A. D. 1224. together with the Archbishop of Canturbury and his Suffragans and a great number of Military Men But the Earl of Chester with his Conspirators kept that Feast at Leicester swelling against and threatning both the King and the Justiciary because he was required to deliver up to the King the Castles and Lands he had in his Custody The next day the Archbishop with his Suffragans Excommunicated all disturbers of the King and Kingdom and Invaders of the Church or its Rights and gave notice to the Earl of Chester and his Complices that unless the next day they resigned into the Kings hands all the Castles and Honors that belonged to the Crown they should be all excommunicated by name as the Pope had commanded The Earl and those that were with him fearing the Kings power He yields up all the King's Castles and Lands and dreading the Church Censures came to Northampton and submitted and rendred the Castles and Honors that were in their custody into the King's hands However their indignation was not appeased because the Iusticiary was not removed The Authors [3] fol. 320. n. 10. The chief disturbers of the Peace of this disturbance were the Earl of Chester the Earl of Albemarle John Constable of Chester Falcasius with his Castellans Robert de Vipont Brian de Lisle Peter de Malo-Leone Philip Marc Ingelrard de Athie William de Cantelupo and William his Son and many others which did very much endeavor to disturb the Peace of the Kingdom This year Lewis [4] Ibid. The King of France appears before Rochel King of France gathered together a great Army and went to Rochel and offered them a great Summ of Money to Surrender the Town and Swear Allegiance to him The Rochellers seeing themselves * See Hubert de Burghs answer in Append n. â—… He Buys the Town forsaken by the King of England consented and delivered up the Town to the King of France who placed a Garrison in the Town and Castle and returned home without shedding one drop of Blood In the Octaves of Holy Trinity the King at a Parliament [5] Ibid. n. 30 A Parliament at Northamton to consider of â—he Kings Dominions beyond Sea Their intentions frustrated by the Rebellious Practices of Falcasius de Brent A. D. 1224. at Northampton met the Arch-Bishops Bishops Earls Barons and many others to treat about the Affairs of the Kingdom Convenerunt ad Colloquium apud Northampton Rex cum Archiepiscopis Episcopis Comitibus Baronibus multis aliis de Regni negotiis tractaturi The King being willing to take the advice of his Great Men uti consilio Magnatum concerning his Dominions beyond Sea which the King of France had in his possessions But the following Rebellious Practice broke those measures Martin de Pateshulle Thomas de Muleton and Henry de Braiboâ— the Kings Iusticiaries at Dunstable had set a very great Fine upon Falcasius de Brent for the Rapine and Spoyls he had committed As soon as he heard of it he Fortified his Castle at Bedford and sent out some Armed men to take the Iusticiaries and bring them Prisoners to Bedford who Imprisoned one of the Kings Justices in Bedford Castle But having notice of his Design two of them made their Escape and Henry de Braibrock was taken and imprisoned in the Castle [6] Ibid. n. 40 The King and the Council being highly displeased at this insolence and injury offered to his Justiciary it was unanimously resolved to lay all other business aside and by force and Arms to reduce the Castle
But first the Kings Messengers summoned them to Surrender and were answered by William de Brent Falcasius his Brother They did not look [7] Ibid n. 50. The King Summons Bedford Castle upon themselves obliged to deliver it unless commanded by their Lord Falcasius because they were not bound by Homage and fealty to the King The King being enraged at this Answer ordered the Castle to be Besieged The Answer â—o the Summons The Arch Bishop Excommunicates Falcasius and the Garison The Castle taken by Assault and threatned if taken by force not to spare one man The Arch-Bishop and Bishops Excommunicated Falcasius and all that were in Garrison in the Castle But neither the Kings threats nor Ecclesiastical Censures could prevail with them to yeild After many Assaults the Kings Soldiers entred the Castle Many were slain and wounded and the rest submitted to the Kings mercy [8] f. 321. n. 30. Twenty Four of the Garison Hanged whereof Twenty Four were Hanged for their insolence to the King after the Castle was taken Falcasius beforehand had made his Escape out of the Castle and fled into Wales but by the intercession of Alexander Bishop of Coventry [9] Ibid. n. 40. Falcasius submits to the Kings Mercy He is committed to the Custody of the Bishop of London he was introduced to the King where falling down at his feet he implored his mercy urging his Services to the King and his Father in times of Hostility Then the King by the advice of his Council having first taken from him his Castles Lands and Goods committed him to Custody of Eustachius Bishop of London till further Order and caused the * Ibid. f. 322. l. 7. Castle to be Demolished but gave the houses and ground to William de Beauchamp After this the Parliament granted to the King 2 shillings of every Plough Land and the King granted to the Great men Scutage two Marks Sterling of every Knights Fee to be levyed of their Tenants [1] f. 322. l. 3. The King Grants to the great men Scutage from their Tenents In the year 1225. King Henry [2] A Parliament at Westminster A. D. 1225. kept his Christmass at Westminster Praesentibus Clero Populo cum Magnatibus Regionis The Clergy and Laity and the Great Men of the Kingdom being present In this full Assembly Hugo de Burgh the Kings Justiciary in the presence of the Archbishops Bishops and Earls Barons and all others Coram Archiepiscopis Episcopis Comitibus Baronibus aliis Vniversis declared the Damages and Injuries the King susteined in his Dominions beyond Sea wherein not only the King but also many Earls and others were outed of their Possessions And seeing many were concerned the Assistance ought to be proportionable therefore he required their Counsel and Ayd That the Royalties of the Crown and their Antient Rights might be recovered for the retrieving of which He thought the Fifteenth part of all Moveables A Fifteenth granted both of Ecclesiastics and Laic's might be sufficient This being propounded [3] Ibid n. 20. the Archbishop and all the Bishops Earls and Barons Abbats and Priors after some deliberation returned this Answer to the King They would readily gratify his desires if he would Grant to them their long desired Liberties Si libertates din petitas concedere voluisset The Charter of Liberties and of the Forest granted The King agreeing to what the Great Men desired Charters were forthwith Writ and Sealed with the King's Seal and one directed to every County in England And to the Counties in which there were Forests Two were directed One concerning their common Liberties the other concerning the Liberties of the Forest The tenor of these Charters is to be found in the History of King John both being exactly alike A Moneth after Easter a day [4] Ibid. n. 30. was set to choose Twelve Knights and Legal Men Duodecim Milites Homines Legales who upon Oath should distinguish the new Forests from the old ones and what ever Forests were found to be made after the first Coronation of Henry the Second were forthwith to be Disforested The Council being ended Charters were carried to every County and by the Kings Command every one sworn to observe them The way and manner of Levying this Fifteenth was directed by the King and because it was very particular and worth noting how Fifteenths were taxed in those times the Record it self is Printed in the * n. 150. Appendix On Candlemass-day following the King [5] Ibid. n. 40 50. The King Knights his Brother Richard and makes him Earl of Cornwal and Poictou He with others is sent into Gascoigny The Knights and Soldiers of that Countrey come into him He reduceth Gascoigny to Obedience Knighted his Brother Richard and Ten Noblemen with him and made him Earl of Cornwal and Poictou In the Spring he sent him accompanied with William Earl of Salisbury Philip de Albiney and Sixty Knights into Gascoigny who arrived at Burdeux on Palm-Sunday and was Honorably received by the Archbishop and Citizens Then Richard opened the Kings Letters in which he desired Omnes Homines Fideles sui de Regionibus illis All his Men and those that had sworn Allegiance to him in those Countreys should give Ayd and Advice to his Brother Richard for the recovery of his lost Dominion Upon this a great many Knights and Soldiers resorted to him and received Wages from him Then he marched with a great Army through all Gascoigny and seised the Castles of such as refused to do Homage and swear Fealty to King Henry and wherever he met with opposition he reduced them by force and in a short time subdued all that Countrey having first obtained a great Victory over the Earl of Marâ—h who was sent by the King of France to raise the Siege of Reole Castle Rigord * De Gestis Ludowici A. D. 1224. f. 399. n. 20.30 tells this Story otherwise and the later French Historians follow him He says that Lewis sent an Army under the Command of his Marshal to raise the Siege and that when Earl Richard had notice of its coming to the River Garonne he raised it and shipped himself and Men and went for England In March following [6] f. 324. n. 20. Falcasius his Sentence the Great Men met the King at Westminster at a Parlement or Conference Convenerunt apud Westmonasterium ad Colloquium Rex Magnates sui where the King Commanded Sentence should be given against his Traytor Falcasius what was to be done to him the Nobility agreed with the King in this Proceres in hoc cum Rege consenserunt That because both his Father and he had done faithful Service to the Crown many years he should lose neither Life nor Limb For ever to abjure the Kingdom but should for ever abjure the Kingdom Whereupon the King commanded William Earl of Warren safely to conduct him to the
Person or Seal and upon that account was invalid The people Murmur and accuse Hubert de Burgh This occasioned great Murmurings every one accusing the Justiciary and looking upon him to be the Author of this disturbance because the King was wholly guided by him Soon after the [9] Ibid. n. 40 Religious and all others had notice that if they would enjoy their Liberties they should renew their Charters otherwise the Old ones should be no advantage to them and what they were to pay for them was left to the discretion of the Justiciary This year Dyed [1] Ibid n. 50. Honorius the Pope Dyes Gregory the ninth chosen The King sends to his Great men in France Pope Honorious and Gregory the Ninth Bishop of Hostia succeeded him March 18th About Easter the Arch-Bishop of York the Bishop of Carlile and Philip de Albiney returned from beyond Sea They were sent to the Great men of those Countries which of Antient * That is Normandy and Anjou Britany and Poictou To induce them to return to his Obedience They had before done Homage to the King right belonged to the King of England And were to induce them by large promises to receive King Henry and Acknowledge him their Natural Lord. But the King of France by his Mothers Contrivance made Peace with those Barons and had received their Homages before King Henry 's Messengers came thither so they returned without effecting any thing In May following Richard the [2] f. 337. n. 10. Richard Earl of Cornwall returns into England Hubert de Burgh is made Earl of Kent The King and his Brother Richard Disagree Kings Brother came into England and was joyfully received both by the King and the Great men This year Hubert de Burgh the Justiciary was made Earl of Kent by the King and by Cincture with the Sword of the County In the same year on the 9th of July a great difference arose between King 3 Henry and his Brother Richard Earl of Cornwall upon this occasion King John had given to Waleran Castellan of Berchamsâ—ead a German a Maner that belonged to the Earldom of Cornwall which when Earl Richard understood he seized it until Waleran made out by what right he claimed it As soon as Waleran had notice of it he made his complaint to the King whereupon the King sent to his Brother forthwith upon sight of his Letters to render the Maner to Walran Earl Richard in great hast went to the King and pleaded his right to the aforesaid Maner offering to stand to the Judgment of his Court Magnatum Regni and of the Great men of the Kingdom The King and the Justiciary hearing him name the Great men were highly enraged and commaded him either to yeild the Maner or for ever depart the Kingdom to which Earl Richard replied That he would neither part with the Maner nor leave the Kingdom sine judicio parium suorum without the Judgment [4] Ibid. n. 30 40 50. The Justitiary adviseth the King to secure his Brother of his Peers and forthwith made what hast he could to his own House The Justiciary when he heard his Answer fearing he might Disturb the Peace of the Kingdom advised the King to Secure him and set a Guard upon him The Earl having notice of this Design went immediately to Redding and from thence to * i. e. Marlborough He Confederates with the Great men against the King Merleberg where he met with his Friend and Sworn Confederate William Mareschall to whom he declared what passed between the King and him together they went to the Earl of Chester and gave him an account what had happened from thence they went to Stamford where in a short time according to appointment met with Horse and Arms Ranulph Earl of Chester William Mareschall Richard Earl of Cornwall Gilbert Earl of Glocester William Earl of Warren Henry Earl of Hereford William Earl of Ferrars William Earl of Warwick with many Barons and a great multitude of Armed men They Demand the Charters which were Cancelled may be new Sealed The King gives his Brother satisfaction who entred into a Confederacy to force the King both to satisfie for this injury that was done to his Brother Richard which they imputed to the Iusticiary and to restore those Charters of Liberties lately cancelled at Oxford Sealed with his own Seal Upon this the King appointed them to meet him at Northampton the 3d of August where he gave all his Mothers Ioynture to his Brother Richard the Great men urging it together with all the Lands that belonged to the Earl of Brittain in England which were the Earl of Bologn's lately Deceased so every one departed peaceably and satisfyed In the year 1228. the King [5] Ibid. f. 344. n. 20. The King appoints new Measures of Grain Wine and Ale kept his Christmass at York but soon after came directly to London In his journey he found the Measures of Grain Wine and Ale to be false He commanded some of them to be broken and the rest to be burnt and ordered others of a larger size to be made and the weight of bread to be increased and Commanded the Offenders to be severely fined This year July 9th Dyed [6] f. 350. l. 1 Stephan Langton Dyes The King Refuseth to accept the person the Monks did choose The Suffragan Bishops also refuse him All parties Appeal to the Pope He defers the Confirmation Stephen Langton Arch-Bishop of Canturbury and the Monks of Canturbury obteined leave of the King to choose one of their own Church They having made choice of Walter de Hemesham presented him to the King who refused to accept him both because his Father was hanged being Convicted of Theft and also because in the time of the Interdict he had appeared against his Father King John The Suffragan Bishops of Canturbury refused to accept him because he had corrupted a Nun and had Children by her and also because he ought not to be chosen without them Both sides apply themselves to the Pope One to get the Election confirmed and the Other to hinder it When the Pope saw both parties vigorously prosecuted their Suit by the Advice of his Cardinals he determined nothing but put it off till the Day after Ash-wednesday following In August following the Knights and Soldiers that were in Montgomery Castle [7] Ibid. n. 30 40 50. The Welch disturb the English in making a way through the Woods by the Assistance of the Country people designed to make the way through an adjacent Wood more passable and secure for Travellers and when they were at work in clearing the Thickets the Welch on a sudden came upon them killed some and forced the rest to retire into the Castle and presently besieged it When King Henry had notice of it he and the Justiciary to whom the King had given the Castle came speedily with a small Army and raised the Siege When he had
Noblemen The Conditions of the Peace September the King of France and his Mother met at a Parlement or Conference Convenerunt ad Colloquium c. with the Honorable and Great Men of that Kingdom who after the death of the Kings Father had made War one upon another in which Treaty Peace was made upon the following Conditions First That the Earl of Champaigne the principal Author of this Discord should undertake the Croysado to the Holy-Land and there with an Hundred Knights fight against the Enemies of Christ Secondly That the King of France and his Mother should swear upon the Holy Gospels That they would restore to every one their Rights and that they would Judge all Men of that Nation according to right Custom or Law due to every Man In the mean time King [2] Ibid. n. 20.30 The English Army lies idle in France Spend their Money pawn their Horses The King returns into England Henry with his Army lay idle at Nantes doing nothing but spend his Treasure The Earls and Barons seeing Hubert de Burgh would not permit them to fight with their Enemies Feasted according to the English manner and invited one another and Drank as if it had been Christmass Those which were poor having spent all their Money Sold or Pawned their Horse and Arms At length the King in October having provided for the defence of that Land left 500 Knights and 1000 Stipendiary Servientes or Horsemen under the Command of Ranulph Earl of Chester William Marshal and William Earl of Albemarl shipped himself and Landed at Portsmouth on the 26th of that Month. After the Kings departure [3] Ibid. n. 40. The English make an inroad into Anjou and Normandy the Earl of Chester and others whom he had left the Chief Governors of his Army made an Incursion with the whole Army into Anjou and took Gontier Castle demolished it and burnt the Town and soon after entred Normandy in like manner and took the Castle of Pontorsun and levelled it with the groud and burnt the Town they returned into Britain with great spoils without any loss to themselves A. D. 1231. In the year 1231. [4] Ibid. n. 50. A Parlement or Conference The King demands three Marks Scutage of every Knights Fee The King at Christmass kept his Court at Lambeth and on the 26th of January He met his Prelates and Great Men at Westminster Convenerunt ad Colloquium apud Westmonasterium Rex cum Prelatis aliis Magnatibus Regni where the King required a Scurage three Marks of every Knights Fee of all that held Baronies of him whether Laics or Prelates But Richard Archbishop of Canturbury and some Bâ—shops opposed it alledging that Ecclesiasticks were not to be Taxed by and with Lay-men for that in Transmarine Countreys Scurage was Granted by Laics without them However all the rest as well Laics and Clercs as Prelates readily submitted to the King's pleasure Soon after the Archbishop of Canturbury [5] fol. 368. n. 10.20 The Archbishop Complains to the King of the Justiciary The King asserts his Prerogative complained to the King that Hubert the Justiciary had possessed himself of the Castle and Town of Tonebridge and other Lands that belonged to the late Earl of Glocester deceased for which Homage was due to the Church of Canturbury To whom the King replyed That the above-mentioned Earl held of him in Capite and that it was his Prerogative to dispose of the Wardships of Earls and Barons and of their Heirs to whom he pleased till they should come to full Age. When the Archbishop could obtain no other Answer He Excommunicated all that had entred upon the aforesaid possessions The Archbishop goes to Rome The King sends to defend his cause Richard Earl of Cornwal Marries the Countess and also every one except the King that should converse with them and then went to Rome to prosecute his Suit in that Court The King likewise sent Roger de Canteln with some others to plead his Cause before the Pope This year at Easter Richard the Kings Brother Married Isabel Countess of Glocester Sister to William Marshal Earl of Pembroke which William dyed immediately after that Solemnity This year in May the [6] Ibid. n. 30. The Welch make incursions into England The Bishops Excommunicate them Welch under their King Leolin made many Incursions and great spoils upon the Borderers of Wales sparing neither Sacred Persons nor Places when the Bishops and Prelates heard of it they Excommunicated Leolin and all his Favorers and Abettors and the King having raised an Army to repress them built Maud Castle which the Welch had formerly demolished and placed a strong Garrison in it to hinder their incursions Having finished this Castle in October he returned into England Ibid fol. 370. n. 30. This year in June [7] fol. 369. n. 30. The King of France designed to invade Britany His Carriages Victuals and Warlike Engines taken A Truce for three years the King of France with a great Army designed to invade Brittain but was prevented by the Earls of Brittain and Chester who had prepared an Ambush to intercept the Carriages of his Army with the Victuals and Engines which so effectually succeeded that they took and destroyed them all The French being thus surprized and discouraged a Truce was agreed upon and concluded for three years between the two Kings On the King of France his part by the Archbishop of Rhemes and Earl of Bologne and on the King of Englands part by the Earls of Brittain and Chester who soon after came into [8] Ibid. n. 40. Richard Marshal offers Homage for his Brothers Estate England with Richard Mareschal and were very honorably received by the King Then Richard Mareschal offered to do Homage to the King and whatever else was required of him as Heir to his Brother William Mareschal deceased To whom the King by the advice of his Justiciary gave this Answer That He heard his The King refuseth to receive his Homage and Commands him to depart the Kingdom Brothers Wife was with Child and would not determine any thing till that was certainly known adding moreover that He had confaederated with his Enemies in France and upon that Account commanded him to depart the Kingdom within fifteen days and never to return again upon pain of perpetual imprisonment When he received this Answer from the King he passed over into [9] Ibid. n. 50. He resolves to recover his Inheritance by force Ireland where he was kindly received had all his Brothers Castles delivered to him and had Homage with Fealty done him Also Pembroke Castle with the Honor belonging to it was yielded to him After this he got together a great number of Armed Men resolving if necessity required to recover his Inheritance by force The King upon this changed his Thoughts and accepted his Homage and Fealty The King accepts his Homage and granted him all his Rights taking only
King for the payment of the debt he Ought the Earl of Brittain [8] f. 378. n. 10 20 30 40. Hubert keeps in Sanctuary and would not Answer Hubert the late Justiciary being now to answer the Articles objected against him fearing the King would put him to some shameful Death kept in Sanctuary among the Canons of Merton and did not appear in the Kings Court to * See Append. n. plead to the Articles against him until the King should be in a more mild temper The King in a great rage sent to the Major of London to force him from thence The King sends the Major of London to fetch him Dâ—ad or Alive The Discreet Citisens feared the Consequences of the gathering together of the Rabble Ranulph Earl of Chester perswades the King to Revoke his Orders to the Major of London and bring him either dead or alive The Londoners glad of this opportunity to revenge themselves upon Hubert upon Râ—nging the Common-Bâ—ll gathered together in great Numbers as it was reported 20000 of of the Rabble But some of the more discreet Citisens dreading the ill Consequences of such tumultous proceedings went to the Bishop of Winchesters House in Southwark and desired his Advice who told them that whatever came of it they must execute the Kings Precept But Ranulph Earl of Chester hinted to the King that if such tumultous proceedings were Countenanced such a Sedition might be raised as would not easily be appeased adding that it would be a great reproach to him abroad when they heard he thus treated those that had been his Favorites which so wrought upon the King that he presently dispatched a Messenger with Letters to revoke his former Precept At this the Citisens were startled being disappointed of their revenge and returned into the City After this the [9] Ibid. n. 50. Hubert had time given him to put in his Answer Arch-Bishop of Dublin prevailed with the King to grant Hubert till the Octaves of Epiphany to prepare his Answer In the mean time he designed a visit to his Wife who was then at St. Edmunds Bury When the King heard of it he sent Godfrey Craucumbe with three hundred armed men to apprehend him and bring him Prisoner to the Tower They found him in Essex in a small Chappel [1] f. 3â—9 n. 10. He is drawn out of Sanctuary with the Cross in one hand and the Body of our Lord in the other They wrung the Cross and Body out of his hands and without any respect to the Place they violently drew him out and having Fettered him and Chained his Feet under the Horses Belly they brought him in a most despicable manner to London and put him into the Tower When Roger [2] Ibid. n. 30 40. The Bishop of London rebuked the King for taking Hubert out of Sanctuary Bishop of London heard how Hubert had been treated he hasted to the King and very severely rebuked him for breach of the Churches Peace and if he did not presently set him at Liberty and send him again to the Chappel from whence he was taken he would excommunicate all that were concerned in this violation of the Churches Peace The King being made sensible of the fault He is sent back into Sanctuary The Sheriffs of Hertford and Essex to keep him from escaping and from Victuals sent him back again to the Chappel out of which he was taken But at the same time sent to the Sherifs of Hartford and Essex upon pain of hanging to go in their own person with all the men of both Counries cum omnibus hominibus duorum Comitatuum and encompass the Chappel that Hubert might neither make his Escape nor receive any Victuals from any one Then the Archbishop of Dublin his only friend Supplicated the King with Tears to know his pleasure concerning Hubert [3] f. 380. l. 1. He refuseth to abjure The King offered him three things For ever to abjure the Kingdom Perpetual Imprisonment or openly to own himself a Traytor But Hubert would choose neither of them being conscious to himself that he had done nothing to deserve so great Confusion Yet to satisfie the King he would be content to go out of the Kingdom for some time but would not abjure But rather then be starved he [4] Ibid. n. 20. He yeilds himsâ—lf to the Sherifs is carried Prisoner to the Tower yeilded himself to the Sherifs abovementioned who brought him up to London Fettered and Chained and delivered him Prisoner to the Tower there The Fortieth part with the form of collecting it About this time was Collected the fortieth part lately granted to the King in the Parliament at Lambeth The form of the Commission to the Sherifs of the several Counties and the manner how it was to be Levied and Collected is noted in the * n. 151. Appendix and the Commission to the Collectors is to be found in Mat. Paris f. 380. n. 30. About [5] fol. 381. n. 10 20 30 40. A. D. 1232. The King was informed Hubert had great Treasure in the Temple He sends for it the Feast of St. Martin following instanti Festo Beati Martini The King was informed that Hubert had much Treasure lodged with the Templars whereupon the King sent for the Master of the New-Temple to know the Truth of it who acknowledged the Money but could not tell the Summ but refused to deliver it unless authorised by Hubert Then the King sent the Treasurer with the Justices of the Exchequer to Hubert who in the Kings Name Demanded of him all the Treasure he had lodged with the Templars Hubert Replied he would readily submit himself and all that he had to the Kings pleasure and presently authorised the Templars to deliver all the Keys of his Treasure to the King which when he had received and receives the Keys of the place where it was he Commanded an Inventory to be be made and delivered to him and all the money to be paid into his Exchequer When his Enemies saw his Great Treasure they accused him to the King of theft and fraud urging he deserved a shameful Death To whom the King seriously replyed That Hubert had faithfully served his Vnkle Richard and his Father as he had heard and if he had been otherwise to him he should never be put to Death for he had rather appear too Easie than too cruel to him who had so often preserved both his Predecessors and himself in great danger The King now softened into compassion The King moved to compassion toward him granted to him all the Lands his Father had given him and those he had Purchased for his present support and soon after Richard the Kings Brother William-Earl of Warren Richard Earl Mareschall William * It was John Earl of Lincoln according to the Record He is prisoner in the Castle of Divises under the keeping of four Sureties Earl of Ferrars became Sureties for him He remained in
Baggage was taken which so fretted the King of France that he gathered together what Forces he could and was resolved to invade Brittain This affrighted the Earl so much that he desired a Truce till All-Saints following which was granted upon delivery of three Castles and upon condition that iâ— in that time the King of England came not personally to his Relief he should deliver all Britanny and his Castles there to the King of France In the mean time he sent to the King of England to know whether he would come over in person to his assistance If not He would deliver up all Britanny to the King of France King Henry refused to assist the Earl of Brittain any longer King Henry answered the Revenues of his Crown were not sufficient for the Defence of that Countrey as he found by the three last years expences and was wearied in being at so great charge to so little purpose When the Earl had received this Answer he went directly to the King of France with a Rope about his Neck and [8] Ibid. n. 40. Brittanny surrendred to the French acknowledged himself a Traytor and then surrendred to him all Britanny with the Towns and Castles The King of France told him he was a most wicked Traytor and accordingly deserved a most shameful death yet he would grant him Life and Britanny to his Son as long as he lived and after his death it should be annexed to the Crown of France When King Henry heard what he had done [9] Ibid. n. 50. The Earl of Brittain turns Pyrate He seized on all Rights and Honors that belonged to him in England This miserable Earl being thus spoiled of all his Honors and Revenues betook himself to the Seas and became an execrable Pyrate In the year 1235. King Henry at Christmass kept his Court at Westminster with very many Bishops [1] fol. 409. n. 40. A. D. 1235. and great Men of the Kingdom About Candlemass [2] Ibid. n. 50. Stephen Segrave and Robert Passelew paid each 1000 Marks but were not received into the Kings former Favour as they expected About Easter following Peter [3] fol. 410. n. 50. Peter Bishop of Winchester goeth to Rome to assist the Pope in his Wars Bishop of Winchester at the Popes command went to Rome to assist him in his Wars against the Citizens of Rome between whom and the Pope there was a very great difference The Pope well knew the Bishop was very rich and also experienced in Military Affairs being brought up under the Magnificent and Warlike King Richard in his Youth and understood better how to Fight then to Preach This year Isabell the Kings Sister was [4] fol. 414. n. 40. Isabell the Kings Sister Married to the Emperor Married to Frederic Emperor of Germany and was conducted to the Emperor by the Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lovain [5] fol. 417. n. 30. Her Portion 0â—â—00 Marks for whose Marriage the King received two Marks of every Plough-land and gave to the Emperor for her Portion 30000 Marks The Words are in Paris Rex cepit carucagâ—um duâ—s Marcas de Caruca But it ought to have been Rex cepit Scutagium duas Marcas de Scuto For there was never so great a Tax upon a Plough-land See the Prior of Coventry 's Plea Communia de Termino Sancti Hillarii 17 E. 3. with the Kings Remembrance in the Exchequer Est compertum etiam in quodam Rotulo compotorum Regis Henrici Titulato Auxilium Episcoporum Abbatum Priorum concessum ad sororem Regis Henrici maritandum Frederâ—co Imperatori videlicet de quolibet Scuto duas Marcas Two Marks of every Knights Fee In the year 1236 The King at Christmass [6] fol. 419. n. 50. A. D. 1236. The King Marries Alienor the Earl of Provence his Daughter kept his Court at Winchester and on the 14th of January was Married at Canturbury by Edmund Arch-Bishop of that place to Alienor Second Daughter to Reimund Earl of Provence and she was most splendidly and solemnly Crowned [7] fol. 420. n. 30. Queen at Westminster on the 19th of that Moneth After the celebration of the Nuptials was past the King went from London to Merton where he met his Great Men to Treat with them about the Affairs of the Kingdom At this time and place were made the Laws [8] Poultons Statutes f. 9. called the Statutes of Merton by the deliberation and consent only of the Arch-Bishop of Canturbury and his fellow Bishops and the major part of the Earls and Barons by the Grant of the King Die Mercurii in crastino Sancti Vincentii in Curia Domini Regis apud [9] Annal. Burton f. 287 Merton Coram Domini Rege Henrico coram venerabili Patre Edmundo Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo Coâ—piscopis suis coram majori parte Comitum Baronum nostrorum Angliae pro Corona Domini Regis Reginae pro cummuni utilitate totius Angliae Provisum fuit tam a praedicto Archiepiscopo Episcopis Comitibus Baronibus quam a nobis concessum Quod de caetero isti articuli teneantur in Regno nostro Angliae Thither came the Emperors Messengers with Letters from him to desire the King without delay to send over [1] Paris f. 421. n. 50. The Emperor desires the King to send Richard his Brother to his assistance against France Richard Earl of Cornwal his Brother to his assistance against the King of France whereby the King of England might not only recover what he had lost but also much enlarge his Transmarine Dominions To whom the King by the advice of his Great Men returned this Answer That they could not judge it safe or expedient to permit one that was so young and the only and Apparent Heir Vnicus manifestus Haeres Regni of the Crown and hope of the Kingdom to expose his person to the hazards of War The Kings Answer and Excuse But if his Imperial Excellency would make choice of any other of the Nobility or Great Men of the Kingdom they would readily yield to his commands and give what assistance they were able Then the Messengers returned with this Answer to the Emperor Notwithstanding the Solemn Truce that had been made for two years from the 25 th of July The Truce between England and Wales violated of the Feast of St. James in the 18th of Hen. A. D. 1234. to the same day in the 20th of his Reign A. D. 1236. yet there were many Land Piracys committed in the time much Plundering and Robbing which they Termed interception for on the sixth of March that year Ralph * Append. n. 157. Commissioners appointed to inspect Damages Bishop of Hereford the Dean of Hereford Walter de Clifford and Walter de Beuchamp were again constituted Dictators of amends to be made for Damages done on both sides and for the Interceptions made as was said Prince Lewelin of Averfrau
which was May the 14th David the Son of Lewelin Prince of Northwales offered King Henry his Homage for that Principality and the Lands which King Henry's Barons held there And they both submitted themselves to the Arbitrement of Cardinal Otto the Popes Legat and the Bishops of Norwich and Worcester the Earl of Cornwall and John de Monmouth on the Kings part and the Bishop of St. Asaph Idenevet Vaghan and Eynguan Vaghan on Prince Davids part And both parts bound themselves by Oath to stand to this Arbitration and furthermore they both submitted themselves to the Jurisdiction and Determination of the Legat so long as he staid in England The agreement between both parties to compel either part by Ecclesiastical Censure that should not observe the Articles of the Arbitration or refuse to make amends for any Transgression against it as he should award And after this Legantin Office was determined or that he was Recalled then they submitted themselves to the Jurisdiction and Coertion of the Arch-Bishop of Canturbury and his Successors and Church of Canturbury And by this Peace all the Homages of the Barons of Wales were to be performed to the King and all Burnings Slaughters and other mischiefs done on both parts were to be remitted About that time [4] f. 526. n. 20. An assembly of the Bishops and great men at Reading The Legat demandeth a Fifth part of all Goods the Arch-Bishops Bishops Abbats and some of the Great Men of England met at Reding to hear from the Legat what the Popes demands were When they were come together and Silence made The Legat declared the Popes care and charge in securing the Peace of the Church against the assaults of Frederick the Emperor and for his support he required one Fifth part of all Goods The King had before given his consent affirming he neither [5] Ibid. l. 9. The Bishops at first oppose it would nor durst oppose the Pope But the Bishop looked upon this as an insupportable burden and that it concerned the Vniversal Church wherefore they desired time to deliberate upon an Affair of so great weight [6] f. 527. n. 30. But at last consent to pay it After some consideration the Archbishop of Canturbury consented to pay the Fifth part of his Rents which amounted to 800 Marks [7] f. 532. n. 50. The Archbishop leaves England and the rest of the Prelates of England followed his example But when they saw the Church of England was every day more and more oppressed spoiled and deprived of its Liberties without hopes of remedy and that the 800 marks he gave to the Pope availed nothing he left England and setled himself in the Abby of Pontiniac in France This year the [8] Ibid. n. 40. Pope sent his Precept directed to the Arch-Bishop of Canturbury and to the Bishops of Lincoln and Salisbury Three â—uâ—dred Romans sent into England by the Pope to be Beneficed commanding them to prefer 300 Romans to the first vacant Benefices in England and not to collate any others till they were all sufficiently provided This year [9] Ibid. n. 50. Peter Ruby sent hither to be the Popes Collector His contrivance to squeeze Money from the Religious the Pope sent into England Peter Ruby to be his Collector in England who went about to the Chapters of Religious Houses and of some he gained a promise to pay so much Money for uses not mentioned as such a Bishop or such an Abbat had done and then urged to others their examples whereby many were seduced and cheated of their Money When the Abbats were sensible of this detestable practice [1] f. 534. n. 10. two of them namely the Abbats of St. Edmundâ— and of Battle-Abby went to the King and made known their grievance to him urging if such Exactions were suffered the Baronies they held of him would not answer the Services that were due to his Crown Two Abbats represent the Oppressions to the King He received them with frowns and threats and therefore they humbly supplicated him for remedy and redress But the King received them with frowns and told the Legat who was then present that He might do what he pleased with them adding that he would accommodate him with one of his Castles to imprison them Upon this some yielded to the fore-mentioned exactions but others refused to bring themselves under such detestable servitude [2] Ibid. n. 20 30 40 50. The Bishops steady resolution not to consent Then the Legat with Peter Ruby Assembled the Bishops at Northampton but could gain no positive Answer from them but only several exceptions against the Contributions Then he summoned the Rectors of Churches in Berkshire to meet him and his Accomplices and endeavoured both by promises and threats either to allure or affright them into a complyance The Clergy of Berkshire refuse to comply with the Legat. But they resolutely stood it out affirming they ought not [3] f. 535 l. 5. and n. 10 20 30 40 50. Their reasons against paying any Money to contribute any thing against the Emperor because he was neither convicted or condemned by the judgment of the Church nor because he possessed himself of the Patrimony of the Church which used not Secular force against Hereticks although he was Excommunicated by the Pope Item That as the Roman Church had its own Patrimony so other Churches had theirs also by the Grants and Beneficence of Kings Princes and other Great Men no ways Tributary to the Church of Rome Item That although the care of the Church belonged to the Pope yet the Dominion and Propriety did not Item That their Revenues were so small that they would scarce supply them with necessaries therefore they ought not to be compelled to any Contribution When the [4] f. 536. n. 30. The Legat's policy â—o gain his ends Legat and his Accomplices saw the steadiness and constancy of the Clergy one to another they endeavoured to set them at variance The Legat went to the King and soon inclined him to favour the Popes cause and his Associates went to the Bishops and Archdeacons some of whom they gained by promises of preferments and rewards and by this means the unanimity and strength of the Vniversity of the Clergy was broken This year Gilbert [5] f. 540. n. 20 30. Gilbert Earl Mareschal reconciled to the King Earl Mareschal was through the powerful intercession of Richard Earl of Cornwal reconciled to the King And Mauritius Justiciary of Ireland came to London and by the Kings means the Earl Mareschal and He were made friends and soon after [6] f. 542. n. 30 40. He removed Simon Norman from being Chancellor Simon Norman the Chancellor and the Kings chief Favorite and the Legats close Friend was removed from the Chancellorship and all other preferments but the Archdeaconary of Norwith This year [7] fol. fol. 545. n. 30. Edmund Archbishop of Canturbury dyed beyond Sea In
Spiritual Causes Also concerning Clercs for Crimes imposed upon them by Laics In the beginning of Lent the forementioned [6] fol. 728. n. 20 30 40 50. The Abbat of St. Albans cited to London by the Popes Collector John a Minorite Demanded of the Church of St. Albans 400 Marks the Second time and by Virtue of his Authority cited the Abbat of St. Albans to appear at London three Days after either in Person or by his Proxy to satisfy the Popes Demands that were lately made to him The Abbat sent his Archdeacon to appear for him at the day appointed He Appeals to the Pope who after he had demanded and with difficulty obtained a Copy of the Brief Answered That the Abbat designed to send special Messengers to Rome to acquaint the Pope with these grievances and for remedy appealed to him because [7] fol. 729. n. 30 40 50. But without Remedy both the Abbat and Convent thought they should meet with more favour from the Pope than they could expect from him When they came to Lyons where the Pope then resided They were coldly received and met with great difficulties and some checks Namely That they did not give that respect and pay that reverence which was due to the Popes Messenger and that their Abbat was the only person amongst all the Abbats of England that refused to yield Obedience to his Commands When they saw their entertainment and no remedy to be expected they compounded for 200 Marks and their expences amounted to 100 more Frier John writeth to the Pope for additional Powers When Frier John the Minorite saw the Clergy especially the Abbats so unwilling to yield to his demands He wrote to the Pope to have his power enlarged The Popes Answer together with the Letters of additional powers are in Additament Matt. Par. fol. 159 160. About the same time the King finding the [8] fol. 730. lin 6. The Nobility and Clergy meet the King at Oxford State of his Realm endangered and much impoverished by Papal exactions and the Money carried out of his Kingdom without any advantage to the Church He commanded the whole Nobility of the Kingdom omnem Totius Regni Nobilitatem to meet at Oxford But the Prelates were in a more especial manner called that they might consult how the Church might be relieved from such oppressions as it now lay under But they contrary to all expectation presently consented to a Contribution of 11000 Marks The Prelates consent to contribute 11000 Marks to the Pope and the Clergy were constrained to pay it into the hands of the Bishops of Winchester and Norwich and such as refused were wearied into a compliance by the troubles and damages they received from John the Minorite nor did the Abbat of St. Albans fare the better for that he had sent the Pope fourscore Marks the year before In the year 1248. King Henry [9] Fol. 742. n. 30. kept his Christmass at Winchester with many of his Great men A. D. 1248. Soon after [1] fol. 743. n. 40 50. A Parliament called at London He summoned the Nobility of the whole Kingdom of England to meet him at London Eight days after Candlemass Besides a great Number of Barons Knights Noblemen Abbats Priors and Clercs there came thither Nine Bishops and as many Earls The Arch-bishop of York the Bishops of Winchester Lincoln Norwich Worcester Chichester Ely Rochester and Carlile Earl Richard the Earls of Glocester Leycester Winchester Hertford Roger Bigod Mareschal and Oxford besides the Earls of Lincoln Ferrars Warren and Richmond The Arch-bishop of Canturbury was beyond Sea the Bishop of Durham was infirm and the Bishop of Bath was lately dead When they were assembled the King required of them an Ayd But they [2] fol. 744. line 1. The King required an Aid but is denyed And is reproved by his Great men for miscarriages reproved him for asking it without Blushing as saith the Monk seeing when they granted the last he promised by his Chart he would not any more burthen his Great men Moreover they blamed him for his repeated kindness and Liberality to Forreigners and contempt of his Native Subjects for not encouraging the trade of his own Kingdom [3] Ibid. n. 20.30 for keeping Bishoprics and Abbys void in his own hands To these they added That neither the Justiciary Chancellour or Treasurer were made by the Common Counsel of the Kingdom per Commune Consilium Regni as they * There are no Instances to be found of that in his Predecessors times were in his Predecessors Reigns When the King heard these things [4] Ibid. n. 40. His concern and promise to correct what was amiss he was much concerned and promised that what was amiss should be speedily corrected To which the Vniversity of England Answered That as they had often so they would now patiently wait a short time and see whether he meant as he spake and according as he performed his promise so they would their obedience to him in all things So the further consideration of this Affair was put off till fifteen days after Midsummer At the day [5] fol. 748. n. 30 40 50. appointed The Answer He received the Nobility of all England Nobilitas totius Angliae met at London and were received by the King with this following Speech That they did not treat their King civily but would have him submit to their pleasure and yield to any Terms they should offer him and did deny that Liberty and Authority to him which every Master Exercises in his own Family every Master of a Family may use whose and what Counsel he please The Kings Speech to the Parliament and may put in and put out what Officers he please in his own House which you deny to your King And as Servants ought not to Judge or impose any Difficulties upon their Lord so neither Vassals on their Prince and therefore was resolved neither to remove the Chancellor Justiciary or Treasurer at their pleasure nor to appoint others And then added that he expected from them a pecuniary Ayd for the defence and recovery of his Rights which concerned them beyond the Seas To all which they unanimously Replyed That they would no longer impoverish themselves to enrich Strangers Their Answer and Resolve against granting any Ayd as they had formerly done when they gave money towards his Expedition in Gascoigny and Poictou So the Parlement was dissolved in great disorder without any satisfaction either to the King or themselves But the King was hereby [6] fol. 749. lin 1. The King reduced to great streights reduced to so great necessities that he was constreined to expose to Sale his Jewels Plate and other Vtensils of his House and such Vessels as were curiously wrought and Gilded were Sold not according to their value but weight When the King enquired where he should meet with Buyers it was Answered At London The King replied
If the Treasury of Octavian were to be sold the City of London were able to purchase it This year on the 13th of October [7] fol. 751. n. 10 20. A new Fair proclaimed at Westminster to hold 15 days the King with many Prelates and Great met at London to celebrate the Memory of the Translation of St. Edward and caused a New Fair to be proclaimed at Westminster to continue 15 days and prohibited all other Fairs that used to be kept at that time of the year throughout all England and also all Trading in the City of London within Doors and without during that time That this Fair at Westminster might be the more plentifully stored and frequented with all sorts of Goods and People This year the Pope [8] fol 754. n. 30 40 50. The Pope sendeth his Italians to be Beneficed in England continued his Extortions from and Oppressions of the English and sent his Italians to be without delay beneficed in England whereof One was sent to the Abbat of Abendune who made choice of the Church of St. Helens in the same Town worth 100 Marks by the year and the same day it became void the King send 's his Mandate to the Abbat to confer it upon * Adelmar afterwards Elect of Winchester The Abbat of St. Albans cited to Rome for refusing to accept one Ethelmarus his Brother by the Mothers side and the King would protect and indemnify him The Abbat yielded to the Kings Command Upon this the Pope cited the old Abbat to appear before him at Rome who being deserted by the King was constrained to take that wearisom and tedious Journey where after many difficulties and expences he compounded for fifty Marks A. D. 1â—49 In the year 1249. the King kept his [9] fol. 757. n. 20. Christmass at London and required of the Citisens New-years gifts Then he sent to the [1] fol. 758. n. 10 20 30 40 50. The Kings wants press him to ask Money of his Subjects Citisens of London to supply him with Money which they received with a heavy Heart and complained That that Liberty which was so often bought granted and Sworn to would not now distinguish them from Slaves of the meanest rank but at length with great reluctancy were constrained to pay 2000 pounds but this would not satisfy the Kings wants therefore he was forced to apply himself to his Great men one by one and requested them to Lend him Money both to supply his Necessities and pay his Debts and also to inable him to recover those Rights the King of France had invaded And in a most Submissive Manner made his urgent Necessities known to the Prelates and Abbats and begged of them either to give or lend him such or such a Sum of Money but could obtain nothing but Excuses or denyals unless from the Abbat of St. Albans from whom he received Sixty Marks This encouraged the King to hope the like success from other Prelates and Abbats and accordingly [2] fol. 759. lin 3. wrote to those of Essex and Hertford to Lend him Money for his present Necessities and gave them his promise Faithfully to repay the same This year [3] Ibid. n 20. Nicholas Bishop of Durham resigned his Bishopric Nicholas Bishop of Durham being sensible of his great Age and infirmity resigned his Bishopric and withdrew himself from all public Affairs to a private Life The King recommended [4] Ibid. n. 50. The King recommended his brother Ethelmar to the Convent The Monks refuse to choose him Aethelmarus his Brother to the Convent and by Messengers and repeated Entreaties would have persuaded them to choose him to be their Bishop To whom they replied that He had at his Coronation sworn to preserve the Church's Liberty and that the person recommended was neither of sufficient Age or Learning for so great a Charge The King Answered [5] fol. 760. lin 4. Then He would keep the Bishopric eight or nine Years in his hands and by that time He would be capable of it This year in June [6] fol. 767. n. 20. S. Montfort Earl of Leycester subdued the rebellious Gascoigns Simon Montfort Earl of Leycester although he had undertaken the Crusado passed over Sea into Gascoigny and subdued all that were in rebellion against King Henry and in every thing behaved himself with such fidelity and Courage that he gained the applause of all the Kings friends and the Name of a trusty Patriot This year on the 3d of July [7] fol. 770. n. 40. The King of Scots death dyed Alexander King of Scotland In the year 1250. King Henry kept his [8] fol. 772. n. 10. The Countess of Cornwal brought to bed of a Son Christmass at Winchester and after the celebration came to London At the same time [8] fol. 772. n. 10. The Countess of Cornwal brought to bed of a Son Cincia Earl Richards Wife was brought to bed of a Son who was named Edmund Soon after many of the [9] Ibid. n. 50. Many of the Nobility and Bishops go over Sea Nobility of England for reasons not known passed over Sea Among whom were Richard Earl of Cornwal and the Earl of Glocester Henry de Hastings a Baron Roger de Turkebi and many other Nobles Besides the Bishops of Lincoln London and Worcester And with them the Archdeacons of Oxford and Bedford and many other Clercs On the Seventh of March the King and many of the Nobility and Clergy undertook the Crusado The King Noblemen and Clercs undertake the Crusado [1] Ibid. n. 50. There were in all about 500 Knights besides an innumerable Number of Esquires and Common Souldiers In May [2] fol. 777. n. 30 40 50. Earl Richard kindly received and treated by the Pope Earl Richard returned into England from the Court of Rome where he was received and treated both by the Pope and the Cardinals in a most Pompous and Magnificent manner to the admiration not only of the Citizens but of all strangers that were present at his entrance and saw his entertainment which Occasioned various Conjectures but most then thought That the Pope knew he was both Rich and Ambitious and at that time designed to promote him to the Empire At the same time the [3] fol. 779. n. 40. The Great men return into England again Earls of Glocester and Leycester with many other Great men and Prelates returned into England About Midsummer there was great [4] fol. 783. n. 10. Great Stirs in London about some Liberties of the City Stir in the City of London about some Liberties of the Citisens the King had granted to the Abbat of Westminster the Maior with the whole Community of the City made their complaint to the King but could obtain no Remedy Then they applied themselves to Earl Richard and to the Earl of Leycester and some other Great men who went to the King and severely blamed him for infringing those Charters
King promised in good Faith and without Cavil to observe the great Charter and every Article conteined in it And the same which his Father King John had Sworn to keep many years before and which he in like manner had Sworn to at his Coronation [2] Append. n. 179. And then all that opposed violated diminished or changed the Liberties and Customs conteined in the Charter of Liberties were Excommunicated and Anathematized on the third of May the [3] Append. n. 18â— Magna Charta solemnly confirmed Record says on the thirteenth of May in the great Hall at Westminster in the presence and by the Assent of the King Richard Earl of Cornwall his Brother the Earl of Norfolk Mareschal of England the Earl of Hereford the Earl of Oxford the Earl of Warwick and other chief men of the Kingdom by the Arch-Bishops and Bishops with Candles lighted in their Hands and the [4] Paris f. 867. n. 10. Charter which King John Granted was produced and read before them which the King regranted and then they put out their Candles and threw them down smoaking upon the Ground and every one wished That such as Deserved that Sentence might so stink and smoak in Hell The Council was no sooner [5] Ibid. n. 30 40. The Gascoigns desire assistance from the King Dissolved but the Gascoigns renewed their Suit to the King for assistance who promised to come to them in person with considerable Force about the [6] Ibid. f. 868. n. 20. The King prepares for an Expedition into Gascony first of June he summoned all his Military Tenents to be ready with their Horses and Arms at Portsmouth eight days after Trinity Sunday with al â—ecessaries to pass the Seas with him he took up a 1000 Ships of English and Forreign Merchants and lay Wind-bound above a Month to his great Expence and prejudice of his Affairs beyond Sea [7] Ibid. n. 50 About the sixth of August having appointed his Queen and Brother Richard to Govern the Nation in his Absence and left his Son Edward under their care he set Sail with a fair Wind and on the 15th of [8] f. 870. n. 30. the same Month arrived at Burdeaux and presently commanded Reole Castle to be Besieged and by the End of Summer the King had [9] f. 873. l. 1. His Success there recovered all his Castles in Gascony by Composition the Defendants often sending to the King of Spain for Relief but never receiving any Yet the King not daring to rely upon the [1] Ibid. n. 10 20 30 40. He desires a League and Friendship with Spain The King of Spain quitteth all claim to Gascony Fidelity of the Gascoigns and suspecting they might revolt to the King of Spain sent the Bishop of Bathe and John Mansel his especial Clerc to him to desire a League and Friendship with him and that he would yeild to Marry his Sister to his Son and Heir Prince Edward to whom he had given Gascony His Envoys dispatcht this Affair and with his Favor and Friendship brought back a Chart Sealed with a Golden Seal by which he quiet claimed whatever Right he had or could have in Gascony by the Grant of Henry the Second Richard the First or King John and upon Iâ—hn Mansels persuading him into a good Opinion of the King of Spain he sent for his Queen and Prince Edward to come to him In the mean time the Earl of Leicester [2] f. 879. n. 30. The Earl of Leicester offers his Service to King Henry came with some Troops of his own and offered his service to the King which when the Gascoigns understood and that the King of Spain was reconciled to him by degrees they returned to due obedience and the King had some thoughts of Returning On St. Julians day or the Twenty Seventh of January [3] f. 881. n. 30. A. D. 1254. A Parlement Convened almost all the Great Men of England were Convened and there came to that Parlement ad Parliamentum venientes on behalf of the King his three Messengers from Gascony the Earl Mareschal Roger Bigod and Gilvert de Segrave to declare his desires to the Vniversity of England There were present Richard Earl of Cornwall and the Queen The Kings Message to them with all the Bishops of England except those with the King The Message delivered in this Meeting from him was That he was deceived in the King of Spain whom instead of a Friend he had found an Enemie and therefore required a powerful assistance from them What was done upon this Message best appears by the Queens and Earl Richards Letter to the King to be found in the [4] fol. 189. n. 50. Additaments of Mat. Paris The Summ of the Queens and Earl Richards Letters to the King They wrote they had received his Letters at Christmass before and that they Summoned the Arch-Bishops Bishops Earls and Barons of the Kingdom on the Morrow after St. Hilary to acquaint them with his Condition and that the King of Castile was coming against him into Gascony and because of the shortness of the time the said great men could not meet at that Day they called the same together at Westminster fifteen days after that Feast i.e. the 27th of January That the Earls and Barons after they had heard the cause of their coming together offered to be ready at London three weeks after Easter to march from thence to Portsmouth and Ship themselves to relieve him in Gascony if the King of Castile invaded that Country That the Arch-Bishop of Canturbury the Elect of Winchester Bishops of London and Worcester promised they would personally come to him with a good strength That the other Bishops and Abbats promised a large supply in Money At last Earl Richard signified to him in the same Letter that he would not fail him of a supply answerable to his Necessity and his own Honor if the King of Castile did Arm against him and that he would leave the Kingdom in good Hands by advice of the Queen and bring her and the Prince with him But they would not [5] Paris Hist f. 882. n. 10. believe the King of Castile had any such Design and so the Council was Dissolved without effect Fifteen [6] Ibid. f. 887. lin 1. n. 10. The King reneweth his demands to his Great men days after Easter the Great Men were called again to London when the King upon the same Reasons made the same Demands and received the same Answer for then their suspitions that the King of Castile had no Design against King Henry was confirmed by Simon Monfort Earl of Leicester who was just come to them from beyond Sea Notwithstanding the [7] Ibid. f. 889. n. 30. The Queen and her two Sons pass over Sea Queen had received order from the King to the contrary yet she with her two Sons Edward and Edmund and her Uncle the Arch-Bishop of Canturbury Shipped themselves
many of his Lands and the Lands of his Son Edward and other his Liege Subjects against the Homage and Fealty they had sworn to him The Welch made these incursions at this time upon [6] Paris f. 963. n. 30. What moved the Welch to Rebell at this time Confidence the King would be diverted by the Scots For whereas that King upon Marriage with King Henry's Daughter had put himself and Kingdom [7] Cl. 42. Hen. 3. M. 11. Dors under his Protection and Government until he should be of lawful age Some of his Rebels took him from the Counsellors and Curators King Henry had set over him and detained him against his Will For repressing of this Insolency and Rebellion the King issued out [8] Ibid. M 10. Summons on the 17 th of January before to all his Military Tenents of the North especially those of Yorkshire Cumberland and Northumberland to march with Horse and Arms and all their Force into Scotland with such as he should send to them After [9] Paris ut supra n. 40. A Parliament called at London The Kings demands rejected by the Great men Hoke Tuesday That is Tuesday fortnight after Easter-Tuesday a Parlement was convened at London Post diem Martis quae vulgariter Hoke-Daie appellatur factum est Parlamentum Londini wherein the King pressed with the Affairs of the Kingdom of Apulia concerning which Master Herlot was sent to urge him to a direct and positive Answer Demanded a very great Sum of Money which the Pope had upon his Request obliged himself to pay to the Merchants The Great [1] Ibid. f. 965. n. 50. Men stifly denyed to assist him with Money And in this [2] Ibid. f. 968. n. 10 20. The Barons complaints against the King Parlement there arose great Heats and Contentions between the King and Barons who made great complaints against him That he nighted the Keys and Power of the Church and did not observe the Tenor of his Great Charter That he had raised to Dignities and Riches his half Brothers against Law and Right as if they had been the Natural People of the Land and would not suâ—â—er any Writ to issue out of Chancery against them That although the pride of his Brothers and other Poictovins were intolerable Montfort appeals to the University and upbraideth the King yet William de Valentia exceeded them all Simon Montfort Earl of Leycester making his advantage upon these Debates and Wranglings complained very heartily not to the King but to the Vniversity calling for Justice And up braided the King that he promoted and enriched Strangers and despised and wasted his own People to the Subversion of the whole Kingdom by which means he became unable to Repell the injuries of the inconsiderable Welsh These Heats and Wranglings [3] Ibid. n. 20. The Parlement Adjourned to Oxford continued until the Sunday after (a) This year 1258. and 42 of Hen. III. Easter-Day was March 24. and Hock-Tuesday was April 10. Ascension-Day was May 2. Whitsun Tuesday May 14. So that St. Barnaby's Day or 11th of June was just Twenty eight days after that upon which the Parlement was to meet at Oxford by Adjournment Ascension-day when the Parlement was adjourned unto St. Barnaby's-day to be holden at Oxford but before the Adjournment upon Ascension-day or Second of May the Barons promised [4] Append. n. 188. The Barons Proposals to the King That if he would reform the state of the Kingdom according to their Advice and that the Pope would make the conditions about the affair of Sicily * The same with that of Apuâ—ia The King yieldeth to them more easy so as it might be prosecuted with effect They would then endeavour to procure him a Common Ayd or Tax for that purpose And the King agreed That before Christmass next coming the State of the Kingdom should be ordered by them and the Popes Legate if in England And for the performance of what should be ordained he put himself under the Popes Power so as he might compell him to it which way he pleased by Ecclesiastic Censure and caused his Son Edward to Swear That he would observe and keep what he had Granted Moreover he [5] Append. n. 189. What the King Granted to the Barons Granted at the same time to the Barons That the State of the Kingdom should be rectified and reformed by Twelve faithful persons of his Council then chosen and Twelve others to be chosen by the Barons who should meet at Oxford a Month after Whitsunday next coming as they should think fit to the Honour of God and Profit of the Kingdom And promised inviolably to observe whatsoever should be ordained by them 24 or the greatest part of them under such Security as they should Direct and caused his Son Edward to Swear he would inviolably observe the same things whereupon the Earls and Barons promised to endeavour that the Community of the Kingdom should Grant a Tax to him These Twenty Four had [6] Append. n. 190. power to choose four that were to choose the Kings Council which was to redress and amend all matters appertaining to the King and his Kingdom and this Council or the greater part of it was to choose one or more in the place of such as should make Default c. Barnaby Day approaching [7] Paris f. 970. n. 40 50. The Great men come Armed and Guarded to the Parlement at Oxford the Great Men and Nobles of the Land hastened to the Parlement then to be holden at Oxford and commanded all such as ought them Military Service to accompany them so prepared as if they were to defend their Bodies from the attempts of their Enemies And they did so Quod fecerunt palliating their coming thus armed under pretence of going against the Kings Enemies the Welsh But fearing as they pretended an Intestine War and that the King and his Brothers the Poictovins should bring in Foreign Troops against them and therefore they caused the [8] Ibid. f. 971. n. 10. Ports to be strictly Guarded The chief Transactions of this Parlement were these following First the Election of the 24 according to the Kings Grant who were to amend and reform what they should think amiss in the Kingdom The twelve [9] Annal. Burton f. 412. chosen by the King were The Bishop of London The Elect of Winchester Henry Son to the King of Almaign John Earl of Warren Guido de Lusignan the Kings half-Brother William de Valentia the Kings half-Brother John Earl of Warwic John Mansel Frier J. de Derlington The Abbat of Westminster Henry de Wengham Dean of St. Martins London The Twelfth not mentioned Q. whether not the Arch-Bishop of Canturbury Peter of Savoy or James Audley The twelve chosen by the Earls and Barons were The Bishop of Worcester Simon Earl of Leicester Richard Earl of Glocester Humfrid Earl of Hereford Roger Earl of Norfolk and Mareschal Roger Mortimer
it to repair and strengthen the Tower where it was thought most fit and convenient Moreover he ordered the City of London to be fortified round about and called all the [8] Fol. 991. lin 2. The Citizens of London above 1â— years Old Swear â—n fealty to the King Citizens from twelve years old and upwards together and caused them to Swear fealty to him and commanded it to be Proclaimed that whoever would take Arms under him should be maintained at his own charge upon this many Barons from all parts came with many Armed men who were lodged without the Walls because the Citizens refused to give them any entertainment Those which had no kindness for the King raised reports [9] Append. n. 201. False Stories reported of the King That he would impose upon and exact from the Great Men and Community of the Kingdom undue and unheard of Taxes and Talliages to make discord between him and them He therefore Commanded the Sheriffs of every County to make Proclamation he intended no such thing and if they found any such reporters of Lyes to Arrest and keep them until they could produce the Authors or that they received further Directions from him About this time the King received from the Pope [1] Paris fol. 991. n. 10. The King Absolved from his Oath by the Pope Letters of Absolution of himself and his Son Prince Edward from their Oaths which the Prince refused to accept but the King received it When the Great Men had notice thereof they sent Messengers to the King humbly beseeching him to observe inviolably the Oath he had made and if any thing displeased him and he would shew it they would amend it To which the King with great passion replyed That they had faln from their Agreement and he would be obliged no longer but left every one to provide for himself At length through powerful mediation it was agreed that two men should be chosen one by the King the other by the Barons who should make choice of a Third and these three were to hear Complaints on both sides and settle a lasting Peace But nothing in this Affair was determined because Prince Edward was beyond Sea therefore it was adjourned till his return Prince [2] Ibid. n. 20. Prince Edward returns into England He adheres to the Barons Edward having notice that the Establishment of a firm Peace between the King and the Barons depended upon his return he forthwith came into England and brought with him William of Valence lately forced out of the Kingdom who could not obtein entrance into it again until he had Sworn he would be obedient to the Provisions of the Barons and answer such complaints as should be made against him And when he understood by what Counsels his Father was Governed he was very angry and retired from his presence and adhered to the Barons according to his Oath and entred into a Confederacy with them to search out and drive away from the King all evil Counselloâ—s and their favorers Quod malos Consiliarios eorum fautores adquireâ—â—nt a Rege pro viribus elong arent When this came to the Kings knowledge He and his Counsellors secured themselves forthwith in the Tower of London and Prince Edward remained with the Great Men. The Disturbers of the quiet of the Nation [3] Append. n. 202. False reports spread of the King endeavored by false and Crafty Suggestions to lessen the affections of the People towards the King and withdraw their hearts from him raising reports that he would destroy the just Antient Customes of the Nation and the Rights of the People and oppress them with grievous exactions that he would call in Strangers into the Kingdom and depress his own people And all these false reports were eâ—aised because he provided for his own Safety the Security of the Nation the maintaining of the Laws and the Rights of his â—ubjects by removing of Sheriffs and Governers of Castles and appointing others that were more able to protect the people from the violence of Oppressors And to secure his good Subjects from the jealousies and fears That he would not do nor intended â—o any such thing he gave them his Letters Patents The Bishop of Worcester the Earls of Leicester and Glocester and other Great men had caused [4] Append. n. 203. Three Knights of every County Summoned by the Great Men to meet at St. Albans A D 1262. 5. Paris ut Supra fol. 991. n. 40. three Knights of every County to be Summoned to meet them at St. Albans on the Feast of St. Mathew the Apostle that is the 21 of September to treat with them about the common business of the Kingdom But seeing the King had appointed the Great men to meet him that day at Windsor to treat of an accommodation between him and them he commanded all Sheriffs to enjoyn them to come to Windsor and prohibit them from going to any other place that they might understand and see he should propound nothing but what was for the Honor and Advantage of the Kingdom In the year 1262. King Henry A D 1262. 5. Paris ut Supra fol. 991. n. 40. The King forced to secure himself in the Tower A Reconcâ—liation made between the King and his Great Men. was with his Queen and Counsellors at Christmass in the Tower at London who were forced to take that place for refuge and to continue there to secure themselves from violence But at length by the Mediation of the Queen the breach between the King and the Great Men was made up and Terms of reconciliation accepted on both sides After that the King departed from the Tower and left the keeping thereof to John Mansel and from thence he went to Dover Castle which was yeilded without any resistance and Robert Walerand was by the King made Governor of it from thence he came to Rochester Castle and some others and to whatever place the King sent an easie access and entrance was granted according to his own wishes The King to gain an Ayd from his Nobility in Parlement and engage them in the Affairs of Sicily though deceived in both did not only confirm their Ordinances made at Oxford but craved [6] Claus. 42. Hen. 3. M 4. Dors. The King confirms the Oxford Ordinances the Popes Confirmation of them as very beneficial to him and his Heirs But when those hopes were blasted [7] Append. n. 204. He sendeth to the Pope to Absolve him from his Oath he sent to Pope Vâ—han the 4th to Absolve him from his Oath taken to observe those provisions as prejudicial to the Rights and Prerogatives of his Crown from which Pope Alexander his Predecessor had Absolved him but Dyed before his Absolution was compleated He also wrote to him not to confirm the Barons Statutes if pressed to it revoking the Commission of his former Procters sent to Rome when the Seal was out of his power which he did not
salutem Ibidem Facite simul venire omnes illos qui terras tenent de dominico victu Ecclesiae de Heli. Et volo ut Ecclesia eas habeat sicut habebat die qua Edwardus Rex fuit vivus mortuus Et si aliquis dixerit quod inde de meo dono aliquid habeat Mandate mihi magnitudinem terrae quomodo eam reclamat ego secundum quod audiero aut ei inde escambitionem reddam aut aliquid faciam Facite etiam ut Abbas Symeon habeat omnes consuetudines quae ad Abbatiam pertinebant die quo Rex Edwardus fuit mortuus Si illi qui eas habent secum concordare noluerint ad istud placitum summonere Willielmum de Guaregna Richardum filium Comitis Gilberti Hugonem de Monte-Forti Golfridum de Magnavilla Radulfum de Belfo Herveum Bituriensem Hardewinum de Escalers alios quos Abbas vobis nominabit Willielmus Rex Anglorum Lanfranco Archiepiscopo Golfrido Constantiensi Episcopo salutem Ibid. 94. b. Facite Abbatem de Heli resaisiri N. 6 de istis terris quas isti tenent Hugo de Monteforti unum Manerium nomine Bercham Richardus filius Comitis Gilleberti Brochesheue Picotus Vicecomes Epintonam Hugo de Berneriis 3 hidas Remigius Episcopus 1 hidam Episcopus Baiocensis 2 hidas Frodo frater Abbatis 1 Manerium Duo carpentarii 1 hidam 3 virg Si ipse Abbas poterit ostendere supradictas terras esse de dominico suae Eclesiae Et si supradicti homines non poterint ostendere ut eas terras habuissent de dono meo Facite etiam quod Abbas praedictus habeat Sacam Socam alias consuetudines sicut Antecessor ejus habuit die quâ Rex Aedwardus fuit vivus mortuus Willielmus Rex Anglorum Lanfranco Archiepiscopo Goisfrido Constantino Episcopo Roberto Comiti de Moritonio salutem Ibidem Facite N. 7 Simeonem Abbatem habere Sacam Socam suam prout suus Antecessor habuit tempore Regis Aedwardi videlicet de quinque Hundret de Suthfulch ab omnibus viris qui terras tenent in illis Hundrez Videte ne Abbas praedictus quicquam injuste perdat facite ut omnia sua cum magno honore teneat Willielmus Rex Anglorum Lanfranco Archiepiscopo G. Episcopo R. Comiti Moritonio Ibidem salutem Defendite ne Remigius Episcopus N. 8 novas consuetudines requirat infra Insulam de Heli. Nolo enim ut ibi habeat nisi illud quod Antecessor ejus habebat tempore Regis Aedwardi scilicet qua die ipse Rex mortuus est Et si Remigius Episcopus inde placitare voluerit placitet inde sicut fecisset tempore Regis Aedwardi placitum istud sit in vestra praesentia De custodia de Norguic Abbatem Symeonem quietum esse dimittite Sed ibi municionem suam conduci faciat custodiri Facite remanere placitum de terris quas calumniantur Willielmus de Ou Radulfus filius Gualeranni Robertus Gernon si inde placitare noluerint sicut inde placitassent tempore Regis Aedwardi sicut in eodem tempore Abbatia consuetudines suas habebat volo ut eas omnino faciatis habere sicut Abbas per cartas suas per testes suos eas deplacitare poterit The Conquerors Charter of Liberties to the City of London gronted to William Bishop of London Given in the Saxon Language but thus Englished Stowe f. 535.739 740. WIlliam King greeteth William Bishop and Godfrey Portgrave N. 9 and all the Burgesses within London French and English and I grant that they be all law-Law-worthy as they were in Edwards days the King and I Will that each Child be his Fathers Heir and I will not suffer that any Man do you wrong And God you keep An Alphabetical Catalogue of the Names of all the great Tenents that held all the Lands Towns Maners and Farms in England of William the Conqueror mentioned in the Survey thereof called Doomesday-Book Numb 10. A ARchiepiscopus Cantuariensis Monachi ejus Abbatia de Berchinges Abbatissa de Eodem Abb. de Ely Abb. Sancti Edmundi Abb. de Bello Abb. Sanctae Trinitat de Cadomo Abbatissa de Eodem Abb. Sancti Adoeni Abb. Sancti Benedicti Ramesii Abb. de Hulmo Abb. de Bernai Abbatissa de Ceterich Abb. Sancti Augustini Abb. de Gand. Abb. Fiscamiensis Abb. Wintoniensis Abb. de Certesis alias Certesig Abb. Sancti Wandregesili Abb. de Cruce Sancti Leutfredi Abb. Glocestrensis Abb. Gemeticensis Abb. Glastoniae Abb. Middletunensis Abb. de Grestam Abbatissa de Wincestre Abbatissa de Romesig Abbatissa Romesiensis Abbatissa de Warwelte Abb. de Lire Abbatissa de Eodem Abb. Wiltuniensis Abb. Abindoniensis Abb. Sancti Albani Abb. Sancti Petri super Divam Abbatissa de Ambresberie Abb. Malmesburiensis Abb. Creneburnensis Abbatissa Skeftesberiensis Abb. de Cernel Abb. de Abbedesberie Abb. de Sancto Wallerico Abb. de Adelingi Abb. Sanctae Trin. de Cantorberia Abb. de Hortune Abb. de Tavestoch Abbatissa de Monasterio villarum Abb. Sanctae Trin. Rothomagi Abb. de Winthelcumbe Abb. de Pratellis Abb. Sancti Stephani de Cadomo Abbatia de Evesham Abb. de Persore Abb. de Coventre Abb. de Cormelies Abb. de Eglesham Abb. de Torni Abb. de Croyland Abb. de Burgh Abb. de Berton Abb. de Eborace Willielmus filius Ansculfi Willielmus Alisius Willielmus Arcuarius Willielmus filius Azor. Goscelinus filius Azor. Gilo frater Ansculfi Ainulphus Vicecomes Albertus Theodericus Aurifaber Roger. Arundel Robertus de Albamarle Ruald Adobed Ainulphus Nigellus de Albinio Vrso de Abatot David de Argentoun Henricus filius Azor. Robertus Albus Walterus de Aincourth Goisfridus Alscelinus Osbernus de Arcis Odo Arbalistarius Norman de Adreci Ansgotus Edmundus filius Algoti Humfridus filius Alberici Aluredus Aldit Willielmus de Archis Alsi alias Elsi Rabellus Artifex Gislebertus Arbalistarius Bernardus Arbalistarius Radulfus Arbalistarius Robertus Arbalistarius Hugo Alabarle Bernardus Accipitrarius Ansgerus Eldricus Aucipiter Adelina Vxor Hugonis B WIllielmus de Braiose Willielmus de Bertram Gislebertus de Breteville Hugo filius Baldrici Willielmus filius Balderon Willielmus Belet Rogerus de Berchelai Rogerus de Belmont Serlo de Berci Hugo de Boscherberti Rogerus de Busli Robertus Bastard Aluredus Brito Nicholas Balistarius Robertus Blundus Radulfus Baignard Hugo de Bello-campo Goisfridus de Bech Goisbertus de Belvaco Maigno vel Maimo Brito Hugo de Bolebech Nigellus de Bereville Gozelinus Brito Vrso de Berseres Radulfus de Berchelai Walterus Balistarius Baldevinus Humfridus de Buivile Hugo de Berners Vxor Bosselini de Dive Robertus de Buci Drogo de Beureria Willielmus Buenvalet Ogerius Brito Rainaldus de Balgaiole Badulfus de Burun Rainerus de Bruemont alias Brunon Waldinus Brito Odo Balistarius Willielmus Blandus Heppo Balistarius Tibellus Brito Rogerus Bigotus Radulfus
by Essarts or new purprestures by hedges or Ditches by erecting Mills making new Water-Courses erecting sheep Coates or lodges or other houses by mowing Hey beyond the Hedges and Ditches shall be in the Kings mercy for his Goods unless he hath the Kings Verders or Foresters to warrant him In like manner he that carried Bowes and Arrows or Dogs uncoupled thorough the Kings Forest and was thereof attainted was in the Kings Mercy It was also Decreed that once in three years there should be a view of the Forest and in the Regard or view of the Forest these things were to be observed What old or new Essarts were sown since the last review and with what Grain The new Essarts were to be taken into the Kings hand If the Old Essarts were sown with Wheat or Rie every Acre was to yield the King twelve pence for that Crop and every Acre that was sown with Oats Barly Beans or Pease was to yeild the King six pence for that Crop Omnibus Christi fidelibus clerus totius Normanniae Salutem Rad. de Diceto Col. 657. n. 40. A.D. 1190. AD universitatis vestrae notitiam volumus pervenire contentionem motam inter matrem nostram Rothomagensem Ecclesiam procurante N. 79 eam in absentia reverendi patris nostri W. Archiepiscopi J. de Constantiis Rothomagensi Decano Willielmum filium Radulfi Seneicallum Normanniae super quibusdam capitulis de quibus Ecclesia Dei conquerebatur sub praesentia nostra baronum Domini Regis assistentibus quoque quam pluribus Normanniae ministris hoc tandem sine conquievisse 1. Inprimis determinatum est de clericis quod nulla occasione à secularibus potestatibus capientur nisi pro homicido furto incendio vel hujusmodi enormi flagitio quod ad placitum gladii pertineat tunc cum requisiti fuerint ab Ecclesiasticis judicibus quieti reddentur in Ecclesiastica curia judicandi 2. Item generaliter omnes de fidei laesione vel juramenti transgressione quaestiones in Ecclesiastico foro tractabuntur Super treugae vero violatione antiqua consuetudo Cartarum H. R. illustrium regum Angliae tenor observabitur 3. Item Quaestiones de dote vel donatione propter nuptias quando mobilia vel se moventia petentur ad Ecclesiam referentur Quaestio vero super eisdem de immobilibus Dominis nostris Regi Archiepiscopo determinanda reservatur 4. Item In Conventualibus Ecclesiis Abbates vel Priores aut Abbatissae cum assensu Diocesani Episcopi eligentur 5. Item Nulla fiet recognitio in foro Seculari super possessione quam viri religiosi vel quaecunque Ecclesiasticae personae xx annis vel amplius possederint Similiter nulla fiet recognitio si carta vel alio modo eleemosinatam esse possessionem probare poterint Sed ad Ecclesiasticos Judices remittentur 6. Item distributio eorum quae in testamento relinquuntur auctoritate Ecclesiae fiet nec decima pars ut olim subtrahetur De bonis vero clericorum etsi dicantur fuisse usurarii vel quocunque genere mortis praeventi nihil pertinet ad secularem potestatem sed Episcopali auctoritate in pias causas distribuentur 7. Item Quicquid laici in vita sua donaverint vel quocunque titulo à se alienaverint etsi usurarii fuisse dicantur post mortem non revocabitur Quae vero post mortem non alienata invenientur sed recognitum fuerit ipsos tempore mortis fuisse usurarios confiscabuntur 8. Item Si mortuus· habuerit aliquod vadium unde sortem suam perceperit portio ipsius libera ad eum qui invadiavit vel ad haeredes ipsius revertetur Idem fiet de portionibus uxoris filiorum ejus post mortem ipsorum Si quis vero subitanea morte vel quolibet alio fortuito casu praeâ—ccupatus fuerit ut de rebus suis disponere non possit distributio bonorum ejus ecclesiastica auctoritate fiet Epistola Galfridi de quadragesimâ parte redituum colligenda in Subventionem terrae Sanctae GAlfridus silius Petri Comes Essexae universis Vicecomitibus balliae suae Salutem Sciatis quod Dominus Rex Angliae ad instantiam Hoved. f. 471. a. n. 10. N. 80 praedicationem cujusdam Cardinalis à summo Pontifice missi in Franciam de Consilio magnatum suorum de partibus transmarinis concessit ad Sanctée Jerusalem subsidium quadragesimam partem Valoris omnium redituum terrarum suarum unius anni tam de Wardis quam de excaetis in manu suà existentibus Quod etiam ipsi magnates sui ultra mare voluntarie concesserunt Ad eorum etiam instantiam scripsit Dominus Rex omnibus Angliae Magnatibus per literas patentes rogans inducens eos quatenus puro corde Charitatis intuitu idem illud de valore omnium redituum terrarum suarum unius anni concederent quod quidem nec debito nec de consuetudine nec de coactione nec de aliqua alia Authoritate Apostolica conceditur vel postulatur Vnde praecipit quod omnes Comites Barones de qualibet balliva in primis admoneantur inducantur diligenter quatenus pro se hanc Collectam faciant in terris suis hoc modo scilicet ut quilibet quadragesimam partem valoris cujuslibet villae suae sicut posset poni ad firmam per annum Et si in eadem villa fuerint per servÃtiùm Militare tenentes dent quadragesimam portionem modo praedicto si autem fuerint libere tenentes similiter dent eandem portionem modo praedicto computato reditu quem dominis suis solverint per annum Hanc autem collectam colligi faciant per tam discretos legales qui ad hoc possint sciant sufficere qui eam recipiant tam de Comitibus quam de Baronibus praedictis Et postquam per manus eorum fuerit collecta receptores praedictae collectae faciant in scriptum redigi distincte aperte quantum de quolibet receperint tam de Comitibus quam de Baronibus Militibus libere tenentibus nomina singulorum villarum quantumcunque de singulis villis quorum quaelibet sit imbreviari faciant Summam autem de Dominicis de wardis excaetis reditibus Domini Regis faciant separatim imbrâ—viari Si quis vero clericus laicum feodum habuerit in ballia aliqua vel homines tenentes laicum feòdum in eorum terris siat haec collecta per praedictos Collectores modo praedicto De terris autem cruce signatorum praedicta collecta fiat modo praedicto ita tamen quod eorum pecunia separatim reponatur ab alia summa pecuniae nomina singulorum quorum ipsa pecunia fuerit subscribantur ut illi qui iter arripuerint pâ—cuniam suam promptè recipiant Provideatur autem quod pecunia illa sit collecta ita quod unusquisque Vicecomes simul cum Collectoribus