answered him and said I would be loath to make debate betwéene Parents Children but if it were my case séeing I could not obteyne my dowrie I would stay no longer there but rather hyre a house by my self and kéep better house alone with my wife then continue among so manie wher I could not be master In the end he resolued so to doe with much adoe tooke his wife Child w t his slaues and parted houshold hyred himselfe a house set vp his shoppe and vsed his trade so handsomely that hauing good store of worke he became reasonable wealthie But his mother in law that could not conceale her Morish nature after y e death of her husbaÌ„d whether it were for spight she bare to her sonne in law or for a pleasure she tooke therein counselled her daughter to fall in loue with a young Portingal Soldier whom the daughter did not much mislike which soldier was verie great in the house and ordinarilie came thether to meat and drinke and Frauncis trusted him as well as if he had bene his brother in so much that he would doe nothing without his counsell This Soldier called An honio Fragoso continued this beastlie course with Frauncis his wyfe with the helpe of her mother all the while that they dwelt with the mother and it is sayd that he vsed her company before shee was maried although shee was but young which is no wonder in India for it is their common custome in those countries to doe it when they are but eight yeres old and haue the slight to hide it so well that when they are maried their husbands take theÌ„ for very good maides This order of life they continued in that sorte for the space of foure yeares and also after that they had taken a house and dwelled alone by themselues for Antonio Fragoso kept his old haunt and although Francis vsed continually to shut his chamber dore yet was this Portingall oftentimes hidden therin he not knowing thereof where hee tooke his pleasure of his wife At the last one Diricke Gerritson of Enchuson in Holland béeing Godfather vnto Francis Kinges wife comming newly from China desired the said Francis and his wife to come and dine with him at his house without the towne where as then he dwelt and among the rest bad mee minding to bee merrie and made vs good cheare but because the honest Damsell Francis Kinges wife made her excuse that she might not with her credit come where Batchelers were for that they had no such vse in India he desired mée to hold him excused till another time They being there at this feast with the mother in law and her sonne their houshold of slaues that waited vpon them as the maner of India is After dinner was ended and they well in drinke they went to walke in the fieldes where not far from thence there stood a house of pleasure that had neyther dore nor window but almost fallen downe for want of reparations hauing on the backe side therof a faire garden full of Indian trées and fruites the house and garden Francis Kinges father in law had bought in his life time for a small peece of mony for as I say it was not much worth thether they went and caused their pots and their pans with meat and drinke to be brought with them being minded all that day to make merrie therein as indéede they did In the meane time it was my fortune with a friend of mine to walke in the fieldes and to passe by the house wherein they were not thinking any company had bin there going by Francis King being all drunken came forth and saw me wherewith he ranne and caught me by the cloke perforce would haue me in made me leaue my companion so brought me into the garden where their wiues and his mother in law with their slaues sate playing vpon certaine Indian Instruments being verie merrie but I was no sooner espied by them but the young woman presently went away to hide herselfe for her credits sake according to their manner as their manner is when any stranger commeth into the house Not long after supper was made ready of such as they had brought with them although the day was not so far spent and the table câ—oth was laid vppon a matte lying on the grâ—und for that as I said before there was neyâ—her table bench window nor dore within the house The meate being brought in euery man sate downe only Francis Kinges wife excused her selfe that I had shamed her and desired that she might not come in saying for that time shee would eate there with the slaues and although her husband would gladly haue had her come in among vs thereby to shew that he was not iealous of her yet shee would not so that séeing her excuse he let her rest saying it were best to let her stay there because thee is ashamed While we sate at supper where the slaues serued vs going and comming to and fro and bringing such thinges as we wanted out of the place where this honest woman was her husband thinking shee had taken pains to make it ready it was nothing so for that while we were merry together not thinking any hurt in came Antonio Fragoso with a naked Rapier vnder his cloake it being yet day light and in presence of all the slaues both theirs and mine without anie feare of vs lead her away by the hand into one of the chambers of the house hauing neyther doore flore nor window and there putting off the cloth that she had about her middle which he laid vppon the ground to kéepe her from fowling of her body not being once ashamed before the slaues neyther fearing any danger he tooke his pleasure of her but if any mischance had happened that any of the slaues had marked it and bewraied it the said Anthonie had tenne or twelue souldiers his companions and friendes not farre from thence which with a whistle or any other token would haue come to help him and so would haue slaine vs all and taken the woman with him which is their dayly proffit in India but we had better fortune for that hée dispatched his affaires so well with her that wée knew it not and had leysure to depart as he came without any trouble and she well pleased therewith and when the slaues asked her how thee durst bee so bold to doe such a thing considering what danger of life shee then was in shee answered them that shee cared not for her life so shée might haue her pleasure and saying that her husband was but a drunkard and not worthie of her and that she had vsed the company of that fine lustie youth for the space of foure yeres together and for his sake she said shee would not refuse to die yet had she not then beene married to Francis King full foure yeares neyther was shee at that time aboue fifteene or sixteene yeares of
to all that countrey This land is great and hath many people and countries vnder it but the principall and chiefe prouince which the Spanyardes holde therein is Mexicana also â—enustiran or Culhuacan as I saide before the other prouinces are Guatimala Xaliscus Hondura Cha'cos Taicâ— Chamoâ—la Claortomaca Huâ—cacholla and the kingdomes of Michuacan Tescuco Utazcalia Tenuacan Maxcalcinco and Mixâ—eâ—apan Mexico or Culhuacan was brought vnder the subiection of the kings of Spaine by Fernando Cortes Merches deila Valo in the yeere of our Lorde one thousand fiue hundred and eighteene which countrey is very rich of golde and siluer for that many riuers haue golde in the sand The Sea shore in those Countries yeeldeth manye pearles mustles or oysters wherein they finde the pearles whereof there is a great fishing and much traffike for them There are likewise in this countrey many lakes or meeres that are stil and haue no issue which by the heate of the Sunne tourne into salt There is likewise no lesse aboundance of Cassia Fistulâ— then in Egypt growing on trees with leaues like walnuts and yellow blossoms from whence the pipes or cases of Cassia do issue forth which are vsed to purge in hote feuers to coole and cleanse the gall and heart blood as also very good against the stone in the bladder and kidneys and other diseases There is likewise in that countrie a kinde of fruit that groweth in great abundance called Cacao altogether like an almond which is taken out of the huske and couered with a thinne skinne whereof the kernel is diuided into three or foure partes of a darke yellow with blacke veines being harsh in the mouth and of an euill taste but with them is much esteemed whereof being beaten with some of their countrey pepper they make a certaine drinke which they esteeme of great price giuing it vnto great Lordes and such as are their especiall friends as we esteeme of muscadel or maluesie The sea bordering vpon this countrey as also the riuers running through it are ful of fish wherein also they finde diuers Crocodiles as in Egypt the flesh whereof is so much esteemed before al other meates that they account it for a princely dish whereof some are aboue 20. foote long The country is full of hilles and stony rockes and great difference in their speeche so that they hardly vnderstand each other without Interpreters The places wherein the Spaniardes first placed their men were Compostella where the Bishop and the Kings counsell are resident and Colima which they call the Purification in new Galicia is the chiefe Guadalahara and the head or principall part of the kingdome Mecheocan also a Bishops sea Cacatula the towne of Angels a chiefe towne and bishopricke Mâ—xâ— a kingly citie and Queene of al cities in the new world lyeth vpon the border or side of a lake the market place of the Towne lying ful vpon the lake whereby they can not come at it but they must passe ouer bridges This lake is lâ—â—t and is in length sixe lucas or twelue miles and is in breadth tenne miles without fish onely a smal kind that may rather be called wormes than fishes from the which lake in summer time there ariseth such a stiâ—ke and infecteth the ayre in such manner that it is vnwholesome to dwel there notwithstanding it is inhabited by as many marchants as any towne in Europe the cittie is great at the least three miles in compasse wherein are so many temples that it is incredible the particularitte whereof before it be long shal be translated out of Spanish into our mother tongue by the author therof whereunto I referre you Not farre from this cittie lieth an other fresh lake very ful of fish whereon as also vpon the shore lie many townes When this towne was first taken by the Spaniards there raigned a king called Mâ—ntezâ—mâ— being the ninth in degree and as then the towne was but 140. yeares old which is to bee wondered at howe it is possible that so great a citie in so few yeers should be so famous The marchandises that are most carried out of this countrey are golde siluer pearle balsam cochenilia the white roote Macheocan which is good to purge Salla Pariglia and an other roote which maketh men sweate brimstone beasts skinnes and fish And thus much for new Spaine in generall and of Mexico in particular Not minding at this present time to make any longer discourse because that our Carde sheweth little thereof and now returning to our owne Carde you must vnderstand that the lower ende of Cuba hath an out Hooke called P. de Santa Anthonio which is very fitte for to take in fresh water and to calke and mend the shippes Sailing from this hooke sixtie fiue miles to the firme land you come to the hooke of Iucatan which runneth into the sea like a halfe Island Iectetan is in Indian speech I vnderstand you not for that vpon a time when certaine Spaniards put out of the hauen of Saint Anthony to discouer newe countries and arriued in that Island they made signes vnto the people to knowe the name of the country whereuppon the Indians answered them and saide O Tectetan Tectetan that is We vnderstand ye not and so the Spaniards corrupting the name Tectetan call that land Iucatan yet the furthest point therof in their spéech was called â—ecampi This point of Iucatan lyeth vnder 21. degrees vnder the which name a great countrey is comprehended by some called Peinsula that is a place almost compassed about with water for that the further this point reacheth into the sea the broader it is being in the narrowest part 80. or 90. Spanish miles broad for so farre it is from Xicalanco Therefore the sea Cardes that place this land nearer or smaller do erre much for that it is in length from East to West twoo hundred miles being discouered by Francisco Hernandez of Cordua in the yeare of our Lord 1517. but not al of it for that sailing from out of Cuba from Saint Iacobs to discouer new countries or as some say to fetch labourers to trauell in his mines he came about the Island Guanaxos herein called Caguan xâ— to the cape di Honduras where good honest ciuill and simple people dwelt being fishermen hauing no weapons nor vsed to the warres and proceeding further sayled to an vnknowne point of land where hee found certaine salt pannes whereunto he gaue the name of Donne that is women for that there were certaine stone towers with staires chappels couered with wood and straw wherein were placed diuerse Idols that shewed like women whereat the Spaniardes maruelled to finde stone houses which till then they had not seene and that the inhabitants were rich and well apparelled with shirtes and mantles of cotten white and coloured with plumes of feathers and iewels of precious stones sette in golde and siluer their women likewise appareled from the middle downewardes as also on the head and breast which
lie to catch fish about twoo miles further there is another Island hard by the firme lande where on the loofe side the ships may harber it is called Chulâ— from whence there are wares sent to Arequipa and is from Quilca nine miles it lyeth vnder seuenteene degrees and a halfe The way by lande from Lyma or Cidado de los Reâ—es to Arequipa DEparting from Lyma and following the coast about three spanish miles or twelue Italian miles you come to the vally of Pachacama in our card Pachamma a most pleasant place and wel known among the Peruuians because of the most statelie Temple that sometimes stood therein for riches exceeding al others in that countrey being placed vpon a litle hil made of square stones and earth in the which temple were many painted doores wals with formes of wilde beasts in the middle therof where the idoll stood were the priests that shewed themselues to be verie holie and when they offered sacrifice for all the people they turned their faces towardes the gates of the temple and their backs to the Image casting downe their eyes and ful of fearefull demonstrations made great stamping as some of the old Indians say like the maner of the sacrificators of the Idoll Apollo when the people staied to heare the prophesies Those old Indians likewise say that they vsed to offer many beastes and some men vnto this Idol at their cheefe feastes this Idol gaue them answere to their demaunds and what he sayd they beleeued in this temple there was great treasor of golde and siluer hidden and the priestes were greatly esteemed the Lords of the countrey being much subiect to their commaundements rounde about this temple were certaine houses made for Pilgrims and no man was esteemed worthie to be buried about that Church but onely their kings noblemen and the priests that came thither on pilgrimage bringing certaine offerings with them when they helde their greatest feast in al the yeare there assembled many people that according to their manner plaied on instruments when the kings of Casco subdued the vallie they hauing a custome throughout al their countries to erect temples in the honour of the sunne and beholding the greatnesse and auncientnes of that temple with the perswasion that the common people had of the holinesse of that place as also the great deuotion vsed therein they thought it not conuenient to destroy that church but appoynted another to be made by it in honour of the sunne which shuld be esteemed the greater which according to the kings commandement being finished be indowed it with great gifts sending thither certaine women wherwith the diuell of Pachacanâ—a was verie well pleased as it appeareth by the answere hée gaue vnto them being serued as well in the one temple as in the other and keeping the poore soules vnder his power and now although this temple is defaced yet hee ceaseth not secretly to speake with some of the Indians telling them that the same God which is preached by the Spaniards and hee are all one thereby to keepe them in obedience vnto him and not to become christians In steede of those Idols there are crosses erected as they think to please the diuel the name of the diuell was Creator of the world for Camac is creator and Pacha world but God permitting Francis Pizaâ—ius to take King Atabaliban prisoner he sent his brother Fernando Pizarrus to destroy the temple and to take away the treasure although the priestes before his comming had hidden part thereof which could neuer be founde yet a great part was carried away This vallie is verie fruitful rich and ful of trees abounding with kine and other cattel as also good horses From the vally Pachacama you come to Cilca where there is a notable thing to be noted for the strangenesse thereof for it neuer raineth there neither is there any riuer whereby they may conuay the water therwith to water their groundes yet the most part of this vallie is ful of Maiz and other rootes that are good to eate with fruitfull trees the meanes they haue to helpe themselues therein is thus that they make certaine deepe pits within the earth wherein they sow their Maiz and other rootes and other fruits and by reason of the cleare and pleasant aire as also the smal dew and moisture that falleth God sendeth them great aboundance of Maiz and other things but no other corne neither would that likewise grow therein if they did not throw one or two heades of the fish called Sardinia into the ground with euerie eare of corne which fish they take with nets in the sea and by that meanes it groweth in great aboundance whereby the people maintain themselues The water that they vse to drinke they take it out of great deepe pittes and for the better prouision of their corne they do euerie yeare fish for so many Sardines as they shal neede both to eate and sowe theyr corne There was likewise in that country many houses for prouision and munition belonging to the King of Peru therein to lodge and rest themselues when they trauaile through their countryes Two miles and a quarter from Ciâ—ca is the prouince of Mala where there runneth a faire riuer the coast whereof is ful of trees and not full foure miles further lyeth Goarco well knowne in that countrey being great and broade and ful of fruitful trees speciallie of Guuyas a certaine Indian fruit verie pleasant of smel and taste and also Guauas and Maiz in most great aboundance with al other things as wel Indian as Spanish fruites Besides this there are great numbers of Pigeons Turtle Doues and other kindes of foules in the woods and wilde countrey which make a good shadow in the vallie vnder the which there runneth certaine streames of fresh water The inhabitants of this country say that in times past that place was verie populous and that they ruled and hadde commandement ouer some of the hils and ouer plaine countries and when the Ingen or Kings of Peru or Cusco came to subdue them they held wars against him for foure yeares together minding not to loose the liberty which their predecessors before them had so long maintained During the which wars many strange things happened which are herein needlesse to rehearse because my meaning is not to make a History but onely to describe the coast and although the Kings of Peru in summer time because of the great heate withdrew themselues into Cusco yet they had their Captaines and Souldiours that helde continuall warres and because they might the better bring their affaires vnto effect the Ingen in this vally caused a newe Casco to be built whether he and his nobilitie repaired giuing the streetes and other places the names of the olde Cusco when he had subdued that people the saide residence of the King and the towne did both decay yet in steede thereof there remaineth a goodly Castle which he left in signe of victory situate
pleasant Gallerie This Bettele must be carefully looked vnto and often watered He that desireth to knowe more hereof let him reade the worthie commentaries of learned Clusius vppon the Chapter of Garcius touching Bettele The Noblemen and Kings wheresoeuer they goe stand or sit haue alwaies a seruant by them with a Siluer ketle in their hand full of Bettele and their mixtures and when they will eat giue them a leafe ready prepared And when any Ambassadour commeth to speake with the King although the King can vnderstand them well yet it is their maner to maintaine their estates that the Ambassadour speaketh vnto them by an interpreter that standeth there in presence which done be answereth againe by the same interpreter In the meane time the King lyeth on a bed or else sitteth on the ground vppon a Carpet and his seruant standeth by readie with the Bettele which he continually chaweth and spitteth out the Iuyce and the remainder thereof into a Siluer Bason standing by him or else holden by some one of his slaues or his wiues this is a great honour to the Ambassadour specially if he profereth him of the same Bettele that he himselfe doth eate To conclude it is their common vse to eate it which because it is their dayly exercise and that they consume so much I haue made y e longer discourse the better to vnderstand it although somewhat hath béene said thereof in other places The Kings Lords of India vse pilles made of Arecca Cate and Camphora with beaten Lignum aloes and a little Amber which they eate altogether with Bettele and Chalke in stéede of Arecca Some mixe Bettele with Licium some and those of the richer mightier sort with Campher others with Lignum aloes Muske and Amber Grijs and beeing so prepared is pleasant of taste and maketh a sweet breath There are some that chaw Arecca either with Cardamomum or with Cloues Within the lande farre from the Sea those leaues are solde verie deare It is said that the King of Decan Mizamoxa spendeth yearely thereof to the valew of aboue thirtie thousand Milreyes This is their banquetting stuffe and is giuen them by trauellers and the Kings giue it to their Subiects To the rich they giue thereof being mixed with their owne hands and to others they send it by their seruants When they send any man of Ambassage or otherwise there are certaine Silke Purses full of prepared Bettele deliuered vnto him and no man may depart before it be deliuered him for it is a signe or token of his passe port By the pictures hereafter following you may sée the figures of the fruites of Malacca called Duryoens y e trée Arbore de Rays or roote trée likewise the thicke Réedes named by the Portingales Bambu and by the Indians Mambu with the trée called Arbore Triste or the sorrowfull trée as it is both by day and by night and the trée whereon Arecca doth grow as likewise the Bettele And because Pepper is oftentimes planted at the foote of the Arecca trée where it groweth and clymeth vp round about the body thereof I haue set it downe in the same order as it groweth The description whereof shall in an other place bee shewed among the Spices and drugges of India as also the Hearbes seruing for Physicke and Apothecarie ware c. The 61. Chapter Of the Hearbe Dutroa and a Plant called Herba Sentida or the feeling Hearbe THe Hearbe called Dutroa is verie common in India and groweth in euerie fielde the leafe thereof is sharpe at the ende like the pointe of a Speare and is indented on the edges like the leafe of Beares claw and about that bignesse hauing in it many long thréedes or veines it groweth without taste or moysture and somewhat bitter and smelling like a Raddish The flower or blossome of this Plant is verie like vnto the blossome of Rose-marie in colour and out of this blossome groweth a bud much like the bud of Popie wherein are certaine small kernels like the kernels of Melons which being stamped and put into any meate wine water or any other drinke or composition and eaten or drunke therewith maketh a man in such case as if hee were foolish or out of his wittes so that he doth nothing else but laugh without any vnderstanding or sence once to perceiue any thing that is done in his presence And some time it maketh him sléepe as if he were dead in that sort he continueth for the space of twentie foure houres but if his féete bee washed with colde water then hee commeth to himselfe againe before the twentie fower howers be expired This Herbe the Indian and Portingall women vse much to giue vnto their husbandes and often times when they are disposed to bee merrie with their secrete louers they giue it him and goe in his presence and performe their leacherie together and taking their husband by the beard they will call him Cornudo with other such like iestes the man not knowing any thing thereof but sitteth with his eyes open not doing or saying any thing but laugh and grin like a foole or a man out of his wits and when the time commeth that he reuiueth out of his transe he knoweth nothing what was done but thinketh that hee had slept This Hearbe the slaues vse likewise to giue their masters and mistresses therby to robbe them and to breake open their Chests which is oftentimes done this Dutroa must bee vsed in measure because it is a kind of poyson for if a man giue too much thereof hee may bring a man to his ende vnlesse some strong and present remedie be taken by some conterpoyson or Purgation The remedy thereof consisteth in medicines which cause vomiting for he must cast al out of his body meate or what soeuer is remaining in his Maw then take diuers purgations and strong Glâ—ers as also hard rubbing binding both hands and feete together with letting bloud in the great toeâ— This Hearbe groweth in all places in aboundance and although it is forbidden to be gathered or once vsed neuerthelesse those that are the principal forbidders of it are such as dayly eate thereof for their owne wiues sakes that thereby they might fulfill their pleasures with other men which is the common liuing of them all some few excepted Some men are so vsed to eate and drink Dutroa not knowing of it that tasting onely of the Iuice of the leaues they are presently in a transe and so the wife is well assured and without all feare to satisfie her lust This and such like Hearbes there are in India and are much vsed for that all the care studie that y e women and wiues of India haue is day and night to deuise meanes to satisfie then pleasures and to increase lust by all the deuises they can imagine and to make their bodies the apter thereunto Which to effect they know all the diuelish inuentions and practises which is like the
of thirty yeares sent vnto them to vndermine and examine them wherein they behaued themselues so wel that they were holden esteemd for good and Catholick Romish Christians yet still suspected because they were strangers specially Englishmen The Iesuites stil told them that they shuld be sent prisoners into Portingal wishing them to leaue off their trade of marchandise to become Iesuites promising them thereby to defend them from all trouble the cause why they said so and perswaded them in that earnest maÌ„ner was for that the Dutch Iesuite had secretlie bene aduertised of great summes of money which they had about them and sought to get the same into their fingers for that the first vowe and promise they make at their entrance into their order is to procure the welfare of their said order by what means soeuer it be but although the Englishmen denyed them and refused the order saying that they were vnfit for such places neuerthelesse they procéed so farre that one of them being a painter that came with the other thrée for company to sée the countries and to séeke his fortune and was not sent thether by the English marchants partly for feare and partlie for want of meanes to relieue himselfe promised them to become a Iesuite and although they knew and well perceiued he was not any of those that had the treasure yet because he was a Painter whereof they are but few in India and that they had great néed of him to paint their church which otherwise would cost them great charges to bring one from Portingal they were very glad thereof hoping in time to get the rest of them w t all their money into their fellowship so y t to conclude they made this Painter a Iesuite where he continued certain daies giuing him good store of worke to doe and entertayning him with all the fauour and friendship they could deuise and all to win the rest to be a pray for them but the other thrée continued stil in prison being in great feare because they vnderstood no man that came to them nor anie man almost knew what they said till in the end it was told them that certaine Dutch men dwelt in the Archbishops house counsell giuen them to send vnto them whereat they much reioiced and sent to me and an other Dutch man desiring vs once to come and speake with them which we presentlie did and they with teares in their eyes made complaint vnto vs of their hard vsage shewing vs froÌ„ point to point as it is said before why they were come into the countrie with all desiring vs for Gods cause if we might by any means to helpe them that they might be set at liberty vpon Sureties being readie to indure what Iustice should ordaine for them saying that if it were found contrarie and that they were other then trauelling marchants and sought to find out further benefite by their wares they would be content to be punished With that wee departed from them promising them to do our best and in the ende we obtained so much of the Archbishoppe that he went vnto the Vice-roy to delyuer our petition and perswaded him so well that hee was content to set them at libertie and that their goods shuld be deliuered vnto them again vpon condition they should put in sureties for 2000. Pardawes not to depart the countrie before other order should bee taken with them Therupon they presently found a Citizen of the towne y t was their suretie for 2000. Pardawes where they paide him in hand 1300. Pardawes and because they say they had no more ready monie he gaue them credite séeing what store of marchandise they had whereby at all times if néede were hee might bee satisfied and by that meanes they were deliuered out of prison and hyred them selues a house and began to set open shoppe So that they vttered much ware and were presently well knowne among all the Marchants because they alwaies respected Gentlemen specially such as brought their wares shewing great curtesie and honor vnto them whereby they wonne much credite and were beloued of all men so that euerie man fauoured them and was willing to doe them pleasure To vs they shewed great friendship for whose sake the Archbishop fauoured them much and shewed them verie good countenance which they knew wel how to increase by offering him many presents although hee would not receiue them neither would euer take gift or present at any mans hands Likewise they behaued themselues verie Catholikely and verie deuoute euerie day hearing Masse with Beades in their hands so that they fel into so great fauour that no man caried an euill eye no nor an euill thought towards them Which liked not the Iesuites because it hindered them from that they hoped for so that they ceased not still by this Dutch Iesuite to put them in feare that they should bee sent into Portingall to the King counselling them to yéeld them selues Iesuits into their Cloyster which if they did he said they would defend them from all in troubles saying further that he counselled them therein as friend and one that knew for certaine that it was so determined by the Viceroyes priuie Counsell which to effect he saide they stayed but for shipping that should sayle for Portingall with diuers other perswasions to put them in some feare so to effect their purpose The English men to the contrarie durst not say any thing to them but answered that as yet they would stay a while and consider thereof thereby putting the Iesuites in good comfort as one among them being the principal of them called Ioâ—n Nuberye complained vnto me often times saying hee knew not what to say or thinke therein or which way he might be rid of those troubles but in the ende they determined with themselues to depart from thence and secretly by meanes of contrarie friends they imployed their money in precious stones which the better to effect one of them was a Ieweller and for the same purpose came with them Which being concluded among them they durst not make knowne to any man neither did they credite vs so much as to shewe vs their minds therein although they tolde vs all whatsoeuer they knew But on a Whitsunday they went abroad to sport themselues about thrée miles from Goa in the mouth of the ryuer in a countrie called Bardes hauing with them good store of meate and drinke And because they should not be suspected they left their house and shop with some wares therein vnsolde in custodie of a Dutch Boy by vs prouided for them that looked vnto it This Boye was in the house not knowing their intent and being in Bardes they had with them a Patamar which is one of the Indian postes which in winter times caryeth letters from one place to the other whom they had hyred to guide them because that betwéene Bardes and the Firm land there is but a little ryuer in manner halfe drie
Fryday the Cardinall going to Masse all the Captaines and Commanders made so great intreaty for him that in the end they got his pardon This I thought good to note that men might vnderstand the bloodie and honest mindes of the Spaniardes when they haue men vnder their subiection The same two English shippes which followed the Spanish Admirall till he had got vnder the Fort of Tercera as I said before put into the sea where they met with an other Spanish ship béeing of the same Fléet that had likewise bene scatered by the storme and was onlie missing for the rest lay in the road this small shippe the Englishmen tooke and sent all the men on shore not hurting any of them but if they had knowne what had beene done vnto the foresaid English captiues I beleeue they would soone haue reuenged themselues as afterwards manie an innocent soule payed for it This ship thus taken by the English men was the same that was kept and coÌ„fiscated in the Iland of Tercera by the English men that got out of the Iland in a fisher boate as I sayd before and was sold vnto the Spaniardes that as then came from the Indies wherewith they sayled to S. Lucas where it was also arrested by the Duke and appointed to goe in company to fetch the siluer in Tercera because it was a shippe that sayled well but among the spaniardes fleet it was the meanest of the company By this meanes it was taken from the Spaniards and caryed into England and the owners had it againe when they least thought of it The 19 of Marche the aforesaid shippes being 19 in nuÌ„ber set sayle hauing laden the Kings siluer and receiued in Aluaro Flores de Quiniones with his company and good prouision of necessaries munition and soldiers that were fullie resolued as they made shewe to fight valiantly to the last man before they would yeeld or lose their riches and although they set their course for S. Lucas the wind draue them vnto Lisbon which as it seemed was willing by his force to helpe them and to bring them thether in safetie although Aluaro de Flores hoth against the wind and weather would perforce haue sayled to Saint Lucas but being constrained by the wind and importunitie of the Saylers that protested they would require their losses and damages of him he was content to sayle to Lisbone from whence the Siluer was by land carried into Siuilia At Cape Saint Vincent there lay a Fleete of twentie English shippes to watch for the Armada so that if they had put into Saint Lucas they had fallen right into their handes which if the wind had serued they had done And therefore they may say that the wind had lent them a happie Viage for if the Englishmen had met with them they had surely beene in great danger and possibly but few of them had esâ—â—ped by reason of the feare wherewith they were possessed because fortune or rather God â—as wholly against them Which is a sufficient cause to make y e Spaniards out of hart to the contrarie to giue the Englishmen more courage and to make them bolder for that they are victorious stout and valiant and seeing al their enterprises doe take so good effect that thereby they are become Lordes and masters of the Sea and neede care for no man as it well appeareth by this briefe discourse In the month of March 15â—â— There was a blasing Starre with a tayle seene in 〈◊〉 that continued foure nights together stretching the taile towards the South In the Month of May a Caruel of Fayâ— arriued at Tercera in the Hauen or Roade of Angra laden with Oxen sheepe Hennes and all other kinds of victuals and full of people which by a storme had broken her Ruther whereby the Sea cast her about and therewith shee sunke and in her were drowned three children and a Frier Franciscan the rest of the men saued themselues by swimming and by helpe from the shore but all the Cattle and Hennes came drowned to land the Frier was buried with a great procession and solemnitie esteeming him for a Saint because hee was taken vp dead with his Booke between his armes for the which cause euery man came to looke on him as a myracle giuing gret offerings to say Masses for his soule The first of August the Gouernour of Tercera reeceiued aduise out of Portingall and Spaine that two yeares before the date of 〈…〉 there were sayled out of England 〈◊〉 great shippes wel apointed with full resolution to take their fourme seuen of them into the Portingall Indies and the other fiue to Maâ— of the which fiue two were cast away in passing the Straightes of Magellaneâ— and three sayled to Malacâ—â— but what they had done there was as then not knowne The other seuen passed the Cape de Bona Speranza and arriued in India where they put into the coast of Malabar and there tooke sixe Foistes of the Malabares but let them goe againe and two Turkish Gallies that came out of the Straightes of Mecca or the redde Sea to whome likewise they did no hurt And there they laded their shippes with Spices and returned backe againe on their way but where or in what place they had laden it was not certainely knowne sauing onely that thus much was written by the Gouernour of India and sent ouer land to Venice and from thence to Madâ— The seuenth of August a Nauie of English shippes was seene before Tercera being 20. in number and fiue of them the Quéenes shippes their Generall was one Martin Furbuâ—her as wee after had intelligence They came purposely to watch for the Fleet of the Spanish Indies and for the Indian shippes and the ships of the countries in the West which put the Ilanders in great feare specially those of Fayâ—el for that the Englishmen sent a Trumpet to the Gouernour to aske certaine wine flesh and other victuals for their mony and good friendship They of Fayael did not onely refuse to giue eare vnto them but with a shot killed their messenger or Trumpeter which the Englishmen tooke in euill part sending them word that they were best to looke to themselues stand vppon their gard for they ment to come and visite them whether they would or no. The Gouernor made them answere that he was there in the behalfe of his Maiestie of Spaine and that he would doe his best to keepe them out as he was bound but nothing was done althogh they of Fayael were in no litle feare sending to Tercera for aide from whence they had certaine Barkes with poulder and munition for warre with some Bisket and other necessarie prouision The 3. of August we receiued very certaine newes out of Portingal that ther were 80. ships put out of y e Câ—â—â—nlâ—o laden with victuals Munition money and Souldiers to goe for Britaine to aide the Catholicks and Leaguers of Fraunce against the King of Nauarre At the same time two Netherland Hulkes comming
vpon a hil within a goodly vallie the foundation beeing of foure squared stones so cunningly closed together that it could not be perceiued how they were ioyned froÌ„ the which Castle there went a vast vnder the earth to the sea coast so that the waues beat against the entrie thereof with such force that it is wonderful to think how that péece of worke was made which Castle was most curiously painted and in it also there was a great part of the kings treasor the ruines whereof in regard of the Peruuians perpetual coÌ„mendations ought not further to be spoyled as being workes done by such people which vnto vs wold be altogether incredible if they had not bin seene a mile a half further vpward from the castle of Goarco there is a riuer called Lunaguana in our Card Laguna which vallie is altogether like the former and foure miles and a halfe from that is the great vallie of Chincha much esteemed in Peru specially by the auncient inhabitants In this vallie there is a cloyster of the order of saint Dominike At the spaniards ariual there were aboue 25000. men in that vallie where now there are scarce 5000. and were ouercome by Inga Iupangue of â—opaynga Iupangâ—e who had their gouernours therein with many houses of pleasure and the temple of the Sun yet the inhabitants lest not off to serue and honour their olde Idol called Cinciaycama the king hadde likewise in this vallie many pentioners and souldiers commaunding some of them for certaine moneths in the yeare to repaire vnto the Court and goe to warres with him This vallie of Cincia is one of the greatest vallies in all the countrey of Peru where it is a most pleasant sight to beholde the greene trees that grow in the waters that run vnder them with most sweete and pleasant Citrons not like the Spanish Citrons although in forme not differing much for that these being pilled are yellow and of a good taste and so pleasant that a man can neuer satisfie himselfe therewith in those woods there are many birds but beasts verie few because of the continuall warres in times past there was likewise many graues in this country wherein the Spaniards found much treasor Departing from this goodly prouince of Cincia and trauailing further ouer the plaine countrey you come to the pleasant vally Iâ—a which is no lesse inhabited then the former through the which also there runneth a riuer which in some times of the yeare is so small that they shuld want water but that they haue a channell of water that commeth out of the hilles heerein are many fruites there are likewise manie yong horses kine goates pigeons and turtle doues from thence you come to the vallie and riuer of Nasca otherwise called Caxa Malca which in times past was verie populous where they till their ground and water their fruits in manner before rehearsed These people for the most parte were spoyled and consumed by the disunion and contention of the Spaniards in it were many great places and houses of munition for the kings of Peru and diuers graues all spoyled and destroyed by the Spaniards the vallies of Nasca are many in number whereof one of them hath many canes that yeeld much sugar they haue likewise much sugar which they bring to sel in the townes bordering vpon them through all these vallies the kings great high way doth passe and in some sundrie places there are as yet certaine tokens or signes to shew the right way that men should not stray aside of the which way I meane to say more heereafter when I come to speake of the kings of Peru from this vally commonly called Nasca you goe to Hacary and then to Ocuna Icamanna and Iquilca where there are great riuers and although at this present there are but few inhabitants yet in times past they were no lesse populous then the first they are fruitfull and very fatte to feede cattel in the vallie of Quilca lyeth the hauen of Arequipa and the towne so that from Lima or the Kings towne to Arequipa are ninety Spanish miles or thrée hundred and sixtie Italian miles the town lyeth about eleuen miles within the vally of Quilca distant from the sea in the best and most pleasant place of all the vallie to bée built vpon where there is a verie good and temperate aire whereby it is commended for one of the most holsomest places in all Peru and the pleasantest to dwell in being a Bishopricke and vnder the Iurisdiction of Lyma hauing in it about thrée hundred Spanish houses the countrey thereabouts is verie fat and yéeldeth verie good Corne whereof they make bread the limites or Iurisdiction of the towne reacheth from the vallie of Hacari to Tarapaca and in the prouince or countrey of Condesuyo they haue likewise authoritie ouer certaine places which are vnder the Spanish gouernment those of Hubnas Ciqui Guanitta Quimistaca and Colagnas are all vnder the commandement of this towne in time past very populous and now most part destroyed by the Spaniards they pray to the sun as other Peruuians do and weare shirts and mantles most of their siluer and treasor is brought from Charcas and the mynes of Potoisi and Porco from thence it is carried to Lyma and so to Panama and Spaine about this towne there is a hill of Brimstone which burneth continually whereby it putteth the countrey in great feare doing great hurt vnto the countrey and the town sometimes by reason thereof they haue certaine earthquakes this towne was builded by Francisco Pizarro in his maiesties name in the yeare of our Lord 1536. Many Spanish wares as wine oyle oliues meale corne or wheate c. are brought thither therewith to serue the Countrey of Charcas and the mines of Potoisi Porco There also many of the Inhabitants of the pâ—â—ne countrey do come and traffâ—ke concerning the mines aforesaide wherby much siluer and treasor is brought thither to be conuayed froÌ„ thence into other places therabouts on the sea coast are many great Gieren that spread their wings at the least fiftéene or sixteene handfulles broade that liue vpon Sea Wolues which they take picking out theyr eyes and feeding of theyr bodyes There are likewise great numbers of Sea Mewes by the Spaniards called Alcatraces that likewise liue of sea fish and sea crabs and such like Their flesh is stinking and vnholsome so that many who for want of meate haue eaten them died therof And thus much for the first part of the plain countrey of Peru lying along the sea coast Nowe before I procéede further I will speake somewhat of the Peruuians dwelling vppon the hilles and of their townes withall not forgetting their kings that ruled ouer all those people and haue so rich a country of gold siluer Peru is in length 525. Spanish miles or 420. Duch miles which are 2100. Italian miles in breadth in some places 75. Spanish or 60. Dutch miles in some places broader and in
also of all the Citties and countries of the whole kingdome of Spaine in particular with their proper names and by-names so that a man may thereby both shape vnto himselfe a representation and memoriall of those rents as well in grosse as in seuerall and also vnderstand the number of Cities and countries throughout all Spaine Hoping that it will be accepted in as courteous sort as it will be dilectable to all those that are desirous of nouelties A note or instruction what sorts of monies are vsed in Spayne wherewith they make their accountes FIrst you must vnderstande for the better explanation of y e matter ensuing that in Spaine they vse to reckeÌ„ by Marauedies as wel in great sums is in little and when they passe aboue a hundred thousand in number that is to say tenne times a hundreth thousande they call it a Quento which is properly a million of Marauedies Vnder which two names and diuisions the saide rentes reuenewes c. shal be set downe and declared according to the ordinances and customes vsed in the Kinges Chambers of accountes throughout the whole Countrey of Spain and you must know that 34. Maranedies are a Spanish Ryall of siluer being vi d. English money and 11. Spanish Rials are a Ducket which is fiue shillings vi d. English money and euery Quento or million of Marauedies is 2673. Duckets 8. Ryals and 26. Marauedies which is 735. l. v. sÌ„ x. d. ½ English money These Marauedies shal be written and set down after the Spanish manner that is when the summe amounteth aboue hundreths of Marauedies then they set this marke V. before beginning from the thousandes vpwardes so that thereby you may the better and more easily know them at the first sight which for your more ease and better intelligence I haue set downe as hereafter followeth and this I trust shall suffice for instruction herein The 1. Chapter The rents demaines and reuenews of the King in his kingdomes of Spaine Naples Sicilie Aragon c. and in all his Lordshippes except the kingdome iurisdiction of the Crowne of Portingall which we will hereafter report by themselues THe Salinas that is the salt landes belonging to the Crowne of Spaine are yearely taxed to pay vnto y e King ninety thrée Quentos 93. Quentos For the tenthes of the sea for marchandises that come out of Biscay and the Prouinces of Guipiscoa with the 4. hilly townes lying on the sea coast they pay for all wares sent from thence by land into Castilia after the rate of one in euery ten and is paid in the custome houses of Victoria Horduna and Valmas Ceda amounting yearely for the King vnto the summe of seuentie Quentos â—0 Quentos The tenth of the sea for wares that passe through the kingdome of Leon by the hauens of Sanabria and Villa Franca yéelde yearely the summe of one Quento 1. Quento The tenth of the sea for wares that passe out of the principality of Asturias by the towne of Ouieda pay yearely the summe of Q. 375 V 000. The rentes of the Prouostes office within the towne of Bilbau which is for thinges that come into the towne pay yearely for the King Q. 490 V 000. The 2. Chapter A declaration of the Alcauales and third-pennies which are paid in Spaine TLl the Alcauales thirdes and other rentes which the king of Spaine hath in all the Prouinces Townes villages and Countries of al his kingdomes and Lordshippes as also what euery towne with their territorie and precinctes doe seuerally pay that you may the plainelier sée and vnderstand you must first learne what these rents of Alcauales are and what they do signifie namely of all goods marchandises houses lands and of all other thinges whatsoeuer they may be none excepted it is the custome in Spaine to pay y e tenth pennie to the king and that at euery time and as often as such goods wares houses lands or whatsoeuer els are sold froÌ„ one to another this tenth pennie is called Alcaual likewise all handie crafts men Mercers Haberdashers and other trades that buy and sell in their said trades as also Butchers Fishmongers Inkéepers or any other trade occupation victualling or hand worke whatsoeuer must euery man pay a tenth pennie of all thinges whatsoeuer they sell and as oftentimes as they doe sell any thing where vpon euerie Citie towne c. doth compounde and agrée with the king for a yearely somme to be paide into his coffers so that there are certain which do farme the same of the king pay it yearely accordingly which summes are receyued cleerely into the kings coffers all costes and charges deducted To the same end there are in euery chiefe towne and prouince of the countrey diuers receyuers appointed to take all accounts and summes of money in the kings behalfe that arise of the said Alcaualaos and again to pay out of the same the Iuros that is such summes of money as the king by warrant appointeth to be paide vnto certaine persons as also other assignations appointed likewise to be paide which paymentes the said receyuers doe set downe in account for their owne discharge and thereof as also of their receipts do make a yearely and general account into the kings Exchequer Now to vnderstand what y e third pennie is it is thus that many yeares past the Cleargie of Spaine did of their owne frée willes giue and graunt vnto the King the thirde pennie of all spirituall liuings rentes and reuenewes which they did towards the aide maintenance and defence of the Catholike and Romish religion which is likewise receyued by the said receyuers and officers of the Alcaual and as I said is called Tercias and are likewise rented out and farmed by the said receiuers in euery seuerall Cittie and iurisdiction some of these Alcauals the King hath sold and others he hath bestowed vpon some men for rewardes whereof mention shall bee made as time and place requireth THe towne of Burgos w t the iurisdiction therof payeth yearly for Alcauala and Tertias the summe of 17 Q. 329 V 880 The Bayliwicke of Burgos which is called Bureba and lyeth close by Burgos payeth yearly the summe of 2 Q. 646 V 000 The hill of Oca payeth yearely the summe of 34 V 000 The Bayliwicke of the Prouince of Rioxa payeth yearly 3. Q. 757 V 000 The Bayliwicke of Hebro payeth yearely 2 Q. 346 V 000 The Bayliwick called the Hook of Hebro payeth yearely 1 Q 402 V 000 The towne of Victoria payeth yearly 269 V 000 The Prouince of Guipiscoa payeth yearly 1 Q 181 V 000 The Iron of the same Prouince of Guispiscoa payeth yearely custome 150 V 000. The seuen Bayliwickes which are of olde Castilia on the hils pay yearly 942 V 000 The valley of Mena which is in the same old Castilia payeth yearely the summe of 229 V 000 The Prouince of the towne
pennie of all such goods passing to and fro 34 Q 155 V 000. The wolles that are yearely carried out of Spaine into other countries pay for euery sacke waighing about ten Aroben each Arobe bein 25. pound two duckats for such as are naturall all borne subiects of the land but a stranger payeth 4. duckets which amount vnto the yeare with the other 53 Q 586. V 000 The chiefe Almoxariffchay of Câ—la is larmed of the king for 10â— Q. 00 V 000. Marauedies yearely and is for the tenth pennie of all wares Marchandises of the Neatherlandes France England Portingale Italie c comming into Spaine and there to be discharged which one yeare with the other amount vnto 154 Q 309 V 000. The Almoxarifâ—hap of the Spanish Indies by the towne of Ciuillia hath farmed of the King which ariseth of all the wares that are laden in Ciuillia and sent into the Indies and are rated to pay the twentieth pennie arriuing in India the same wares doe pay yet a twentieth penny more and it is farmed out of the twentieth pennie due in Ciuillia yerely for the summe of 67 Q 000 V 000. The rent which the King receaueth by the mint in Spaine which is of euery marke of Siluer that is coyned in the said Mint each marke accounted sixe duckets in siluer one Riall of plate This rent is called El SeÌ„no reaxo de la moneda and the mint of Ciuill only riseth to as much as all the others this is yearely to the king 22 Q 000 V 000 The King hath farmed out the Master ships of Saint Iacob Calatraua Alcantara to the suckers of Ausburge and is the customes of corne wine oyle other things that are rated at a tenth pennie which in times past the said Masters vsed to haue In these customes are not comprehended nether Tercias nor Alcaualas but are receaued apart as I said before These Masterships are the cheiefe knights of the Crosse belonging to those thrée orders which vsed to haue chiefe rulers ouer them which were called Masters like the knights of Rhodes Malta or as in Cloysters and religious houses which were sworne to be true and obedient subiects and to obserue certaine orders prescribed as it is yet at this day which Masterships were in times past beeing offices of great estimation and account onely giuen vnto the blood Royall or els to some of the Kinges own children hauing certaine lands apointed to them and absolute commandement ouer them but of late yeares the kings of Spaine haue taken the same offices into their hands seruing or at the least presenting their places as Masters and commaunders ouer all knights of the Crosse of what order soeuer the farme whereof amounteth yearely vnto the sum of 98 Q 000 V 000. The king hath likewise rented out the pasturage of the lands of the said mastershippes yerely for the sum of 37 Q 000 V 000. He hath likewise found out the Quicksiluer of Almalen in the hil of Sierra Morena in the fieldes of Calatraua for yerely rent of 73 Q 000 V 000. The Bulles of the Popes of Rome which are called the Santa Crusada yeeld yearely to the king 200 Q 000 V 000. Which being reduced into English monie amounteth vnto the summe of one hundreth fortie seauen thousand fiftie and eight poundes and fiftéene shillings The rent called Subsedie which is thus all Priestes and spirituall persons that haue any benefices or spiritual rents of Churches Cloysters Chappels and such like must euerie man pay a certaine summe for a confirmation of his place or an enterance into his Stipendio Sallarus benefices and qualities which is like our first fruites This is giuen to maintaine warres against Infidels Heretickes for the which most Churches Cloysters haue agréed for a certaine summe yearely which cleare of al charges they must pay vnto the king this Subsedie is worth yearely 65 Q 000 V 000. Also all Bishops Churches of Spaine giue yearely vnto the king a certaine summe of monie towards his warres against Heritickes and Infidels which amounteth yearely 110 Q 000 V 000. These rentes are called El Excusado whereunto the Pope hath consented by his letters or Pattent Apostolica Romana so that the king may chuse a receauer out of euerie Chappell and Church to receaue the tenthes oâ— the spiritualty as of Corne Barley Wine Oyle c. and of all other thinges that are gathered of the ground and doe amount vnto as before The mine of Guadalcana lying in the countrie of Estremadura in the hilles of Sierra Morena were wont to be worth in siluer yerely gotteÌ„ out of the same 187 Q. 000 V 000 but what it now amounteth vnto it is not knowne as being of late yeares much diminished All the countries of Spaine giue vnto the king yearely a certaine rent called Excercitio towardes the keeping of Slaues maintenance and making of new Galleys the summe of 7 Q 750 V 000. The rent called de la Moneda Forera which is a reÌ„t raysing of euerie Heertsteede that payeth 7. Meruedies yearely of what quality or condition soeuer it be doth amount yearely to 6 Q 656 V 000. The rent or profit that commeth yearely out of the Indies to the kinges owne coffers is the summe of 300 Q 000 V 000 The kingdomes of Valencia Arragon and Catalonia giue yearely vnto the King besides other paymentes the summe of 75 Q 000 V 000. The Ilandes of Sardinia Maiorca and Minorca yéeld the king no profit for that the rents and reuenewes of the same are alwaies imployed to the defence and maintenance of the same Ilands against the enemy and sometimes more than is receaued The kingdome of Cicilia payeth yearely vnto the king 375 Q 000 V 000. The kingdome of Naples with the couÌ„tries of Pullia and Calabria doe yéeld yearely to the king 450 Q 000 V 000. The Dukedome of Millan payeth yerely 300 Q 000 V 000. The Prouinces of the Neatherlanders or Low countries with Burgondie vsed yerely to pay vnto the King the summe of 700 Q 000 V 000. But now in these wars and troublesome times there is no account therof to be made The farme of Cardes in Spaine is yerely worth vnto the king 20 Q 000 V 000. for that euery payre of cardes sold there payeth vnto the king halfe a riall and amounteth to as it is farmed 20 Q 000 V 000. The Rashes and clothes of Florence that are brought into Spaine are worth yearely 10 Q 000 V 000. for that euerie péece of Rash payeth sixe duckats custome to the king 10 Q 000 V 000. ALl these accounts tolles customes Alcaualas tenths and third pennies impostes contributions rents demaynes and reuenewes of the King of Spaine are gathered truely collected out of his exchequers of account in his said kingdomes and without any augmentation or diminishing set downe and recorded herein as they were farmed receaued and payde in the yeare of our Lord 1578.
before the said king of Spaine had any right in the kingdome of Portingal for the which cause it is not here set downe but shall hereafter follow particularly by it selfe together with the pettigrée of the kings of Portingale brieflie and truly described by coppies receiued from the officers of those countries the whole summe of all the rents reuenewes c. afore specified and set downe doe amount vnto yearely the summe of 47 31 Q. 329. V. 880. Spanish monie which amounteth in English monie to the summe of three millions foure hundreth thréescore and nintéene thousand nine hundreth and seauentéene pounds fiue shillinges and nine pence which is the full summe of all his receites Portingale excepted which now is in the said kinges handes as hereafter followeth The kingdomes that are comprehended vnder the name of Spaine or Castillia are these Leon Arragon Castillia Nauarre Granado Tolledo Valencia Seuillia Cordoua Murcien Iaen Gallicia Gibraltar and Catalonia which are 14. in number and in times past were euerie one a Kingdome apart yet hold the name the Kingdomes Prouinces and Townes which are called to any counsell or assemblie in the Court of Spaine and therein doe giue their voices are the Kingdomes of Leon Seuillia Tolledo Granado Cordoma Murcien and Iaen The townes called chiefe townes or Cities which are Bishoprickes are Burgos Saâ—amanca Segouia Soria Auila Cuenca Toro Zamora Guadalaxara the townes that are no chiefe townes nor Bishoprickes and are called townes whether they lie walled or not of these but two of them haue any voices which are Valla Dolid and Madrid the other kingdomes as Arragon Nauarre Valencia and Catalonia c. haue their Viceroyes Gouernours apart holding Parlements or Courts by themselues alwaies referred to the King of Spaines order and direction as the kingdomes of Naples and Cicilia with the Dukedome of Millan c. The 3. Chapter A briefe discourse of the notablest and memorablest things situation gouernment and reuenewes of the kingdome of Portingale called Lusitanea THe kingdome of Portingale is in coÌ„passe 285. miles that is on the sea coast 135 miles and by land 150. miles There are 1â— Townes in Portingale that are called Citties which title no Towne may beare but such as are Bishoprickes vnles it be by speciall licence from the King himselfe all the rest are called Townes whether they haue walles or not whereof there are many of these townes and Castles There are in Portingale 4â—0 besides villages it hath 3. principall hauens or riuers which are Lisbone Porto and Seruual and other thrée in the land of Algarue which is also vnder the Crowne of Portingale which are Tauilla Lagâ—s and Villa Noua the key or defence of the riuer and towne of Lisbone is the Castle of Saint Iulian by the Neatherlanders called Saint Gilles which lieth on the first enterance of the riuer called Tegio in latine Tagus one of the most famous riuers of all Europe The 4. Chapter Of the Iustice and gouernement in Lisbone and throughout all Portingale FIrst there is the Tribunale called the ciuill Court or Law whereof the chiefe Iudge is the Regidoer that is the ruler in the kinges behalfe with two other Iudges then the Tribunale or Court for criminall causes with two Iudges an Auditor or receauer of the kinges customes called the Alfandega a Iudge of Equitie for euerie mans proprieties or own reuenewes eight Iudges of the Weesen a Iudge of the Hospitals a chiefe Iudge called Correcteur of the thinges and causes of India Guinea Capo verde Saint Thomas and Brasilia from all these Courtes they may appeale to the ciuill law the Tribunale or Court of requests whose Iudges are called Desembargadores which is as much to say as dischargers these are of great authority and credit as the chiefe States and Presidents are in the Low Countries To this Court are brought the appellations that are made vnto the ciuill law their chiefe Iudge is called Correcteur of the requests two Iudges that are called Desembargadores da Fazenda which is as much to say as Auditors and Iudges of the Kinges causes and reuenewes these are they that minister Iustice betwéene the King and particular men and from them there is no appeale the councell of orders Tribunale Supremo or highest Court which are called Desembargadores of the pallace Tribunale or Court of Consciences Tribunale or Court of Veedores da Fazenda that is visitors and ouerseers of the Kinges reuenewes Tribunale or Court of the Kinges Exchequer which is vnder the courts of Veedores da Fazenda the Kinges Councell two Dukes one Marques ten Earledomes The fortresses which the Portingales hold in Africa or Barbaria are these Tanger Zepta Arzilla the Iland of Madera the Flemmish Islandes called as Ilhas dos Acores in those are comprehended Tercera S. Michael Santa Maria Saint Iorgie Pico Fayael Gratiosa the Ilandes of Flores and Coruo the Ilands of Cabo verde are S. Iacob O fogo Mayo Boa Vista S. Antonio and Saint Nicolaes Arguyn a fortresse in the Countrie of Guinea the Myne of Saint Iorgie the Castle lying on the same side of Aethiopia also on the same coast the Iland del Principe Saint Thomas Atâ—bâ—n the Kingdome of Congo and Angola on the same Coast of Aethiopia lieth vnder tribute of the Portingale the Iland Santa Helena on the other side of the cape de Bona Speranza the fortresse of Soffala the Iland of Mosambique the Iland of Ormus lying betwéene Persia and Arabia the towne and fortresse of Diu the towne and fortresses of Daman Bacayn Chaul Goa where the Viceroy is resident all lying on the Coast of India the townes and fortresses of Honor Barcelor Mangalor Cananor Cranganor Cochin and Coulan all lying on the same Coast of India called Malabar a fortresse in the Iland of Seylon called Columbo the townes Negapatan and S. Thomas on the coast of Choramandel the towne and fortresse of Malacca the Iands of Maluco which are Tarnate Tydor Banda and Amboyna the land and coast of Brasilia stretching 500. miles in length and deuided into eight Captaineships or gouernements from whence euery yeare is brought into Portingale about 150. thousand Arroben of sugar each Arroben waighing 32. pound the Hauen called de Todos os Santos or of all Saints where the Gouernour of Brasilia is resident The ordinarie rentes of the Crowne of Portingale are yearely one million of gold 100000. duckets the rents reuenewes of the Mastership of the knights of the Crosse the king being alwaies Master to whom belong the Ilands of Acores or Flemmish Ilands Madera those of Cabo verde Saint Thomas and de Princepe are yearelie 200000. Duckets the rent of the Mine belonging to y e Knight of the Crosse of Christ is yerely worth 100000. duckets Brasilia yéeldeth yearely 150000. Duckets the customes of spices and other goods receiued out of the East Indies is yearely 600000. Duckets the other rents profits and reuenewes of the Indies and their townes are spent and disbursed in