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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A07348	Ecclesiastica interpretatio: or The expositions vpon the difficult and doubtful passages of the seuen Epistles called catholike, and the Reuelation Collected out of the best esteemed, both old and new writers, together with the authors examinations, determinations, and short annotations. The texts in the seuen Epistles of Iames, Peter, Iohn and Iude are six and forty. The expositions vpon the Reuelation are set forth by way of question and answer. Here is also a briefe commentary vpon euery verse of each chapter, setting forth the coherence and sense, and the authors, and time of writing euery of these bookes. Hereunto is also annexed an antidot against popery. By Iohn Mayer, B. of D. and pastor of the Church of Little Wratting in Suffolke.	Mayer, John, 1583-1664.	1627 (1627)	STC 17731; ESTC S112551	448,008	564

hidden as to mention that to set forth hereby the excellency of this worke of conuersion Note Note that a man in errour or in sinne is out of the way of life and in the way of death yea he that is deceiued onely with errour in fundamentals is in a damnable estate though his life be otherwise vnblamable and full of good workes Let the seduced Papist then consider this and tremble to goe on in his errours Note againe Note that although there be sinne euen in those that are conuerted yet no sinne appeareth all is couered and cast behinde Gods backe he looketh now only vpon the studie care which they haue to doe his will this comming betweene his sight and their old sinnes whereas the impenitent and vnconuerted is full of sinne blemishing and deforming him in the sight of God so that he is all vgly and vile in his eyes as any lothsome leaper is in ours which should make a wicked man out of loue with himselfe and to turne from this estate seeing howsoeuer he thinketh that he hath but such or such a sin to answer for the truth is that he hath a multitude of sins Faber pelagus peccatorum yea a sea of sinnes as one speaketh Note lastly Note because Prou. 10.12 from whence this is taken it is said Loue couereth a multitude of sinnes that in loue we ought to endeuour all that possibly we can one to conuert another from sinne The excellency of the worke here mentioned should pricke vs forward to this most Christian dutie and the loue of our brother should constraine vs vnto it 1 Cor. 13. seeing if we be without loue we are without all substance THE FIRST CATHOLIKE EPISTLE OF THE APOSTLE PETER THis Epistle is held by some to haue beene written before that of Iames as by Pareus Baron Annal. tom 1. and Baronius saith that it was written at Rome An. Dom. 45. when Marke was there with him whose salutations he sendeth And his second Epistle an 68. when Peter was now neere vnto his end as is intimated 2 Pet. 1.14 If this were written so soone it was before all the Epistles of Paul the first written of which was the first to the Thessalonians which came forth an 52. Others thinke that these Epistles were put out according to their order as Lyra Iames writing first Lyra. and then Peter Augustine speaketh of all these smaller Epistles as written after Pauls Epistles wherein Faith iustifying without Workes had beene so much set forth vpon which some gathered that good workes were not necessary to saluation August tem 4. de fid opere c. 14. and therefore both Iames Peter Iohn and Iude doe mightily vrge Workes affirming Faith without Workes to be vnprofitable Thus I haue related what I finde touching the time of this Epistle and the rest but as I said before vpon that of Iames. This dispute is not much materiall but either because Iames his Epistle was first written or because to the Iewes who were Gods first people it is placed first And this of Peter after because to such as being Gentiles became first Iewes and then were conuerted to the faith of Christ Hugo Card. as Hugo Cardinalis coniectureth and after Peters the Epistles of Iohn because they were written to the Gentiles conuerted to Christianity Touching this it was neuer doubted of to be Canonicall yea it hath beene alwaies accounted a most excellent Epistle and worthy to be written in letters of gold for Boniface the Bishop of Rome Baron ●om 9. annal that was a Martyr as Baronius faith desired by his Letters of Eadburga an Abbesse and kinswoman to the King of Kent to send him the Epistles of Peter written in letters of gold The maine scope of this Epistle is to comfort and to confirme in sufferings for the Gospels sake And therefore after the scattered Christians named to whom he writeth verse 1. hee comforteth them first by setting forth their estate Elect according to the fore-knowledge of God c. vers 2 3 4 5.2 the benefit of afflictions the praise of God and the saluation of their soules vers 6 7 8 9. And confirmeth them touching this saluation to be attained in a Christian profession from the ancient prophesies set forth in the holy Scriptures wherein thus much is declared vers 10 11 12. Making vse of this consolation to stirre vp to holinesse and righteousnesse vers 13 14 15 16 17. Which that it might be the more effectuall there is a commemoration made by what a price wee are redeemed to this excellent estate vers 18 19 20 21 22. And what is the instrument of our being begotten again hereunto viz. the word of God which is not as flesh which fadeth like grasse but endureth for euer vers 23 24 25. And hauing spoken of this being borne againe hee vrgeth them as now borne babes to desire the milke of the Word c. Chap. 2. Wherein as in the rest how things cohere together we shall see when we come to handle them in order CHAP. I. 1 PETER Chapter 1. Verse 1. To the strangers scattered thorow Pontus Galatia Cappadocia Asia and Bythinia Vers 2 Elect according to the fore knowledge of God the Father in the sanctification of the spirit vnto obedience and sprinkling of the bloud of Iesus Christ c. THe Countries here mentioned are all towards the East and are large Luther in 1 Pet. 1. being now vnder the Dominion of the Turke Pontus is a great Countrey neere to the Sea Cappadocia is next vnto it for their borders ioyne together Galatia is seated behinde these Asia and Bythinia before Strangers he calleth the Christians there because although they were Gentiles inhabiting in those parts yet they were strangers from the Common-wealth of Israel by their originall and in this respect are said to be strangers though being conuerted they ioyned with the Iewes that were Christians and became one people According to the fore-knowledge of God the Father This is the cause of our election Gods preordaining of vs and not any free will in vs. In the sanctification of the spirit that is that we might be holy and spirituall which holinesse flowing from election is the onely true holinesse opposed here to the many kinds of externall sanctification which the Iewes had vnto the obedience and sprinkling c. that is then haue we part in this sanctification and are truly Saints when we obey the word of Christ in beleeuing in his name being thus sprinkled with his bloud for this which is here spoken in other words is no more but what S. Paul saith We are saued by faith for this maketh vs obedient and subiect vnto Christ So that to obey the word of God to be subiect to Christ to be sprinkled with his bloud and to beleeue is all one The phrase of sprinkling is borrowed from Psal 51. being an allusion to the sprinkling of the Tabernacle

apparitions agree to these iudgements being almost euery one alike the Sword Famine and Pestilence where as in the figures first there is haile and fire and bloud vpon earth then a burning mountaine in the sea c. euery one differing greatly from another I answer that the Lord did not respect so much the diuersity of euils to come as the number of them and the greatnesse able to make all men to turne their eyes to behold and bee amazed at them And more particularly these are made choise of to set them forth after the manner of the Prophets who are wont to allude vnto some remarkable History of things past in foretelling of things to come though they be not of the very same kinde for vpon the Egyptians these things were done almost according to the letter there was haile and fire mingled together their Riuers were so smitten as that they could not drinke of them without dying there was darknesse of three dayes and three nights and finally the red Sea like bloud falling vpon them as a huge mountaine became their destruction being like fishes tumbled vp and downe in the deepe To shew then that these professed enemies and persecutors of Christianity should be destroyed by Gods Iudgements as Pharaoh and the Egyptians were these figures are taken vp and because they had many waies to torment Christians the Lord sheweth that they also should be plagued many waies and be destroyed with strange iudgements before vnheard of For it is Gods manner to punish sinners in their kinde the Sodomites who burnt with strange lusts with a burning fire from Heauen the builders of Babel who sought them a name with confusion and the enemies of the Christian Religion who sought out strange tortures with a burning mountaine and worme-wooddy Starre c. iudgements strange and terble And the third part of the Sea and the third part of trees c. are said to bee affected with these iudgements as I thinke because it was but a third part of the whole world where these tragedies were acted if the parts vnknowne till of late and yet vnknowne be considered Quest 4. And I saw and heard an Angell flying thorow the midst of Heauen saying with a loud voice Woe Vers 13. c. What Angell was this and why is this cry interposed here Answ The vulgar Latine and Arias Montanus for Angell reade Eagle I saw an Eagle flying but in all other Copies it is an Angell Lyra. Petr. Damas Viegas Ribera Hereupon some stand to finde out why an Eagle should be vsed to cry thus and resolue that it was one of the foure animals like an Eagle and some Iohn himselfe who was hereby figured out and some the Preachers of the last times or some singular Preacher who should foretell the iudgements of those daies Beda Arethas and Ticonius follow the vulgar but there is the like passage againe afterwards Reuel 14.6 where it is spoken of an Angell putting it out of doubt that it is an Angell here also Forbs Brightman Pareus Some will haue this Angell to be Gregory the great who gaue warning of the Ant●christ not aboue three yeeres before lib. 4. Epist 34. The king of pride is at hand and which is horrible to speake an army of Priests is prepared Epist 38. He iterateth the same and addeth He is Antichrist that shall challenge to himselfe to be vniuersall Bishop Not much aboue three yeeres after Boniface the third tooke vpon him this title and his successors likewise to this day plainly declaring the Pope to be Antichrist euen by their owne rule which is That the Pope cannot erre And therefore Pope Gregory erred not in thus saying but it was truth which he so seriously and often affirmed Hee that will be vniuersall Bishop is Antichrist This howsoeuer it be true yet it hath no place here for the woes proclaimed are not against the Church but the inhabitants of the earth by which name wicked shedders of the innocent bloud of Christians are complained against vnder the fift Seale It is more genuine therefore by this Angell to vnderstand an Angell properly as in speaking of other Angels who flyeth thorow the midst of the Heauen that the sound of his denunciation might bee heard euery where hee giueth warning of greater plagues yet to come Hitherto terrible iudgements against professed enemies of Christianity riding vpon the red horse had beene represented now the case of heretikes and of corrupters of Religion in the Papacy commeth to bee described in the fift and sixt Trumpets and the finall destruction of all the wicked in the seuenth and because these indgements should yet be more grieuous than the former it is cried Woe woe woe as there were three times of execution yet to come that if it were possible mens hard hearts might be pierced and many being brought to repentance might escape these euills For it is Gods vsuall manner to giue warning before hee striketh which if it be not taken the heauier will the iudgements bee when they come CHAP. IX ANd the fift Angell blew his Trumpet Quest 1 and I saw a Starre fallen from Heauen to the earth and to him was giuen the key of the bottomlesse pit c. What is meant by this Starre and by the Locusts comming out of hell together with the circumstances of their description in their forme time manner of tormenting and King which is set ouer them Many Writers by this Starre vnderstand the Bishops of Rome in their succession Answ when they fell from being heauenly and seeking after the saluation of mens soules to be earthly and to seeke more after honours and riches here for then they had keyes indeed but of the bottomlesse pit Brightman And some more particularly referre this Trumpet to Boniface the third who obtained of the Emperour Phocas to bee vniuersall Bishop for then the fall appeared being indeed before as is intimated in the word fallen not falling but now the fall was made more sensible Darknesse arose when ignorance preuailed and in these times of ignorance an innumerable company of religious persons of diuers orders who like Locusts eat vp the fat and best things euery where They sting like Scorpions when they seeme least to intend any hurt but only such as are not marked for God hath his Church in the midst of Popery others which are misled by them are not proceeded against as by persecutors before described but vnwittingly receiue such Doctrine from them as turneth to a sting of conscience more grieuous than the bodily death viz. the doctrine of Purgatory and of vncertainty of saluation and of the merit of workes and of superstitious orders and tedious pilgrimages and bloudy whippings more grieuous than present death The time of fiue moneths limited vnto them some vnderstand indefinitely Bib●●an ●●r Arto ●●us Rullinger Chytraeus this being the whole time of the Locusts which lay their egges in Autumne and being kept all winter in a

Elias but this needeth no refutation both for that the time of 1260. daies whereby are meant so many yeeres according to the exposition already giuen of the two and forty months being the same time doth not agree as experience sheweth the greatest part of this time being expired and Enoch or Elias not yet heard of and also because it is plainly against the reuealed will of God to send any from the dead to preach to the liuing as the Lord sheweth in the Parable of Diues and Lazarus when Diues made request that Lazarus might besent to warne his fiue brethren liuing Abraham denieth this request Luk. 15. and the ground of his deniall is If they will not beleeue Moses and the Prophets neither will they beleeue if one rise from the dead againe If it be said Enoch and Elias neuer died but are preserued aliue for this purpose the Author of the Epistle to the Hebrewes confuteth this for hauing reckoned vp many faithfull persons amongst whom Enoch was one Heb. 11.13 he concludeth All these died in faith c. He confesseth indeed that Enoch saw not death because he suffered not the separation of soule and body but was extraordinarily changed as the faithfull shall be at the last day yet according to our vsuall phrase whereby we say of the dead hee is departed out of this life he is rightly said to haue died And if this kinde of change in the propriety of speech will not beare this word dying 1 Cor. 15. for we shall all be changed but not all die yet it is as strange for them being so long agoe departed hence to come againe in person as if men should come from the dead againe which shall neuer be Lastly the description of these two doth not agree to Enoch and Elias but rather to Moses and Elias who in their times did such miracles as are here set forth Mat. 17. Vers 2. and these two are also ioyned together in the transfiguration of Christ vpon the Mount and Moses is oftentimes said to be one that did witnesse of Christ and the Scriptures are they that testifie of me Ioh. 5.39 Which Scriptures being resolued into their parts are called Moses and the Prophets Luk. 16. a most famous man amongst whom was Elias and therefore well by him may bee vnderstood all the Prophets Reiecting therefore that of Enoch and Elias Brightman Beda Tyconius as a vaine fable I hold with them that by these two witnesses vnderstand the holy Scriptures consisting of Moses the Prophets as they were of old vnder which the Euangelists and Apostles writings come also as an exegesis or illustration of them For these witnesses must bee well knowne anciently as the words doe imply and in taking these to bee the Lords two witnesses we doe but follow the plaine euidence of the Word of God ascribing persons thus to the two parts of holy Scripture And consequently they which sincerely and rightly preach Moses and the Prophets for so much as they doe but act the same persons may well bee vnderstood by these two witnesses also And thus wee shall ioyne together two different expositions of those who vnderstand by these two the holy Scriptures as hath beene already said and of those that vnderstand some few persons that haue giuen testimony to the truth in all the parts of this whole tract of Turke and Pope Bullinger Grasserus Pareus Fulke c. who of late time haue bin much increased in number but yet may well goe vnder the name of two witnesses because all euer represent but two Moses and the Prophets seeing they hold and preach set forth none other thing but what they held and taught Fox There are that particularly apply this to Iohn Husse and Ierome of Prague who were ill intreated by the Councell of Constance three yeeres and a halfe and being killed had their dead carcases for a time throwne out into the streets but they were reuiued againe as it were when the Bohemians stood couragiously for the truth by them maintained which was greatly preiudiciall to the City of Rome the tenth part thereof thus falling and 7000. slaine that is many vpheld in an idle course of life by the Pope in Monasteries and other pretended religious places being thus turned out and losing their liuelihood whereupon their life consisted According to this exposition two and forty moneths are counted a seuerall time by themselues of the Turkes tyranny these 1260. daies another seuerall time consisting of iust so many daies and the three daies and an halfe a third seuerall time so short as the words sound There are also wonderfull iudgements reckoned vp which fell vpon their enemies in this time of their trouble so that the History doth notably agree vnto this Text. This I confesse hath much affected me and I would willingly haue imbraced it for so the rest of the doubts here might easily haue beene resolued But seeing the two and forty moneths are by the same Expositor resolued into 294. yeeres in which hee hath failed as hath beene already shewed I cannot see how 1260. daies can bee vnderstood precisely of daies this being the whole time in all likelihood before set forth by two and forty moneths for why should Gods witnesses mourne 1260. daies onely of this time there being the same cause of mourning all the whole time for the holy City so many yeeres trodden vnder foot Againe although the Bohemians stood manfully for the truth and did somewhat preuaile yet they were suppressed againe and the whoorish City flourished till Luther who gaue a farre greater blow vnto it Lastly Pareus rela●eth an opinion of some who thinke that in the last times there shall be stirred vp two famous Doctors in the spirit of Elias in whom this shall bee accomplished but according to this the time should not be yet begunne and the phrase here doth plainly make against it in that he saith I will giue vnto my two witnesses not I will stirre vp two witnesses as it must haue beene said if it had beene thus meant I conclude therefore that by these two witnesses are to be vnderstood the holy Scriptures anciently consisting of two parts together with the faithfull Preachers and adherers vnto them These haue neuer beene wanting all this time of 1260. yeeres of Turke and Pope as for so much of this time as hath beene yet expired For euen in the daies of Boniface who vsurped this antichristian supremacy ouer all or immediatly after when Columbanus and Gallus were sent out as his Legats ann 617. to bring other Churches to the obedience of the Roman two Councels were called one in Bauaria and another in Matiscon vnder King Lotharius Anent annal Baiorum lib. 3. Vincent Balaeus in all likelihood to stop their proceedings For of such Councels Writers make mention but what was done is passed ouer in silence Not long after Ardanus a Bishop of the Northumberland opposed himselfe

to draw any to the Roman religion thus seeking to alienate their hearts from their lawfull Prince for hereby many riuers setting forth their Popish Doctours came to run with bloud when they were for this executed The fourth such as haue illustrated the darke places of the holy Scriptures which are as the Sunne and the more they come to be explained as it is now to be expected that they shall be daily more and more this being the time wherein knowledge shall increase the more as with the heat of the fire shall the Romanists be vexed and tormented but rather to their obduration than to their conuersion The fift some greater calamity than euer that shall come vpon Rome it selfe to the vtter ouerthrow thereof according to that prophecie of the Sybil 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Then thou shalt bee all desolate as if thou hadst neuer beene The sixt a Diuine power that shall bring the Iewes home vnto the truth ● Esdras 13.43 who as Esdras saith went thorow the straight passages of Euphrates for of their returne Esayas prophesieth saying I will say vnto the deepe be dry and I will dry vp thy flouds Chap. 51.10 they are called kings because they shall reigne all ouer the E●st parts Then the Turke and the Pope set forth by the Dragon and false prophet and beast shall bestirre themselues by their agents Bassaes Iesuites and the like sparing for no cost to suppresse the truth and the powers which they shall assemble shall be in these Westerne parts where the Gospell hath most preuailed being called Harmageddon the mountaine of delights of Har a mountaine and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Maggedim delights The seuenth is according to this exposition applyed as in the exposition before going all the prophecies of holy Scripture haue now taken their effect The great City is diuided into three parts the three before spoken of viz. the Dragon beast and false prophet that is the Turke and Pope being destroyed but yet no end of the world Some a little different yet for the most part subscribe vnto this Pareus holding that the first viall was powred out by Luther and Zwinglius laying open the sores of Popery to their great vexation the second when the Councell of Trent set down such corrupt Canons of religion the third which is not yet fulfilled when the Bishops and Doctors and chiefe vpholders of the Roman religion shall haue the same measure meted vnto them which they haue measured vnto others by the shedding of their bloud the fourth when by the light of the truth increasing the Papals shall bee heat and troubled and blaspheme it out of their anguish the fift when the state of Popery shall yet become more abominable the foggy darknesse thereof appearing more and more by the comming on of the light the sixt when the reuenues of the Popedome decaying new kings set forth by the kings of the East because they shall be conuerted to the truth shall bee a meanes of the destruction thereof This was Bullingers before and is subscribed vnto by Aretius and Illiricus and by Pareus his Auonymus as he saith who wrote aboue two hundred and threescore yeeres agone This decay in the Papail reuenues hath beene these hundred yeeres but how doth the Pope seeke to helpe himselfe There are three vncleane spirits like frogs comming out of his mouth which are the Popes Legats the Bishops who direct them and the Iesuites who draw into their league the Kings of America India and Persia for the defence of the Popedome so that there are like to bee great stirres in the world and a great conspiracy to oppresse the truth but their gathering together shall be to their owne destruction because into Harmageddon where Iosiah fell an occasion of much sorrow and mourning For the seuenth Angell shall then powre out his viall the great day of iudgement being come the terriblenesse whereof is set forth by many fearefull euents of thunder lightening earthquake and haile More ancient Expositors vnder these Angels with their vials doe thinke that the Preachers Primas Richard de Sancto Victore Hanno Ambsbert Pannonius Ioachim c. who at seuerall times haue threatened Gods iudgements are set forth By the first the Apostles threatning the Iewes for their infidelity which as an incurable sore remaineth vpon them to this day By the second the Preachers which threatened the sea of the Gentiles By the third such as opposed heretikes By the fourth such as reproued the Clergy and chiefe Bishops for their corruptions By the fift such as opposed the followers of Antichrist and that Antichrist By the sixt such as reproue the Kings and Princes adhering to Antichrist By the seuenth such as threaten the destruction of the prince of the aire the Authour vnto Antichrist of all his tyranny after which hee shall be throwne downe to his place of torment Diuers Popish Writers follow this also as Gorran and Gagneus c. Yet Viegas will haue all to be literally vnderstood holding that as the Aegyptians were visibly and sensibly by diuers iudgements confounded before the Hebrewes Blas Viegas so Antichrist and his followers shall be before the Catholikes There are other expositions also as that by the sea and riuers turned into bloud Mason the slaughters made of the Papists by the Turkes are to be vnderstood by the viall powred out vpon the Sunne the turning of their Bishops Friers and other religious persons out of their dens here in England c. making them boile in heat at it By that vpon the beasts throne the taking away of the Popes reuenues to the great darkening of his glory consisting so much in worldly pompe and riches By that vpon Euphrates the remouing of all impediments that the kings which haue formerly giuen honour to the beast may now come and destroy her By that into the aire producing thunderings c. the vtter destruction of Popery by the powerfull preaching of the word when all flie away that is turne from Popery to the embracing of the truth Another applying the foure former vials onely in generall to the life and doctrine of the Papists being discredited holdeth that by the fift viall the going downe of the pompe glory and honour of the Pope is set forth in that being before time adored as a God he is now vilified and abominated as a monster By the sixt the decay of his reuenues which in time shall come to be so poore and meane as that hee shall bee easie to be inuaded as old Babylon was when Euphrates was dryed vp whereupon the Iesuites haue done their vttermost endeuour to stirre vp Popish Princes to succour this languishing state but by a secret prouidence they haue beene brought together into Harmageddon that is to their destruction so that the place may well be called from hence by this name signifying the destruction of an army as the Hebrewes were wont from any notable accident to giue the name to