from_o he_o to_o this_o the_o irish_a antiquary_n reply_n that_o their_o ancient_a annal_n do_v give_v a_o clear_a account_n of_o this_o fergus_n his_o race_n and_o time_n of_o go_v into_o scotland_n but_o although_o they_o have_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o ireland_n long_v before_o and_o the_o remarkable_a thing_n do_v in_o their_o time_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o any_o fergus_n or_o his_o successor_n go_v to_o settle_v in_o britain_n before_o this_o time_n they_o do_v believe_v that_o there_o be_v excursion_n make_v by_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o ireland_n before_o and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n to_o question_v it_o 464._o even_o before_o the_o time_n mention_v by_o gildas_n but_o they_o utter_o deny_v any_o foundation_n of_o a_o monarchy_n there_o by_o scot_n go_v out_o of_o ireland_n before_o the_o time_n of_o fergus_n the_o son_n of_o eric_n and_o that_o 100_o year_n late_a than_o the_o scotish_n antiquary_n do_v place_n his_o come_n 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and_o scythia_n and_o have_v succession_n of_o king_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n but_o as_o to_o their_o exact_a chronology_n i_o must_v beg_v leave_n as_o yet_o to_o suspend_v my_o assent_n for_o bollandus_n affirm_v that_o the_o irish_a have_v no_o use_n of_o letter_n till_o saint_n patrick_n bring_v it_o among_o they_o 4._o at_o which_o their_o present_a antiquary_n be_v much_o offend_v and_o run_v back_o to_o the_o druid_n as_o the_o learned_a advocate_n do_v but_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v convince_v i_o that_o the_o druid_n ever_o write_v annal_n all_o that_o caesar_n say_v be_v 214._o that_o in_o gaul_n they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o greek_a letter_n which_o they_o may_v easy_o borrow_v from_o the_o greek_a colony_n at_o marseilles_n but_o how_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o they_o use_v these_o letter_n in_o ireland_n or_o scotland_n or_o that_o they_o any_o where_n use_v they_o in_o any_o matter_n of_o learning_n which_o seem_v contrary_a to_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o 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edw._n i._n destroy_v all_o their_o ancient_a history_n how_o come_v turgott_n to_z be_v preserve_v he_o be_v bishop_n of_o st._n andrew_n in_o the_o time_n of_o malcolm_n iii_o and_o queen_n margaret_n who_o life_n he_o write_v and_o who_o history_n hector_n say_v he_o have_v so_o that_o not_o only_a turgott_n history_n of_o the_o church_n of_o durham_n be_v preserve_v in_o the_o cotton_n library_n with_o his_o own_o name_n write_v in_o a_o ancient_a character_n the_o same_o that_o be_v print_v under_o the_o name_n of_o simeon_n dunelmensis_n with_o some_o alteration_n as_o script_n mr._n selden_n have_v show_v but_o if_o hoveden_n be_v so_o much_o to_o blame_v as_o simeon_n leland_n say_v for_o conceal_v what_o he_o borrow_a from_o simeon_n dunelmensis_n simeon_n himself_o be_v at_o least_o as_o much_o to_o blame_v for_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o proper_a work_n of_o turgott_n but_o it_o seem_v hector_n have_v see_v what_o he_o write_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o scotish_n 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preparation_n to_o enter_v scotland_n he_o receive_v letter_n from_o labienus_n of_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o gaul_n upon_o which_o caesar_n return_v have_v scarce_o so_o much_o as_o fright_v the_o pict_n and_o the_o scot_n and_o here_o again_o hector_n vouch_v the_o authority_n of_o veremundus_n and_o campbell_n but_o notwithstanding_o buchanan_n very_o wise_o leave_v all_o this_o out_o which_o lesly_n believe_v veremundus_n or_o rather_o hector_n before_o caesar_n keep_v in_o but_o here_o hector_n become_v very_o nice_a and_o critical_a reject_v the_o vulgar_a annal_n which_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o destroy_v by_o edw._n 1_n which_o say_v that_o caesar_n go_v as_o far_o as_o the_o caledonian_n wood_n and_o besiege_a camelodunum_n and_o leave_v there_o his_o praetorian_a house_n which_o he_o use_v to_o travel_v with_o call_v julis_fw-la hoff._n but_o for_o his_o part_n he_o will_v write_v nothing_o that_o may_v be_v find_v fault_n with_o and_o therefore_o he_o follow_v veremundus_n again_o that_o this_o be_v the_o temple_n of_o victory_n build_v by_o vespasian_n not_o far_o from_o camelodunum_n only_o the_o inscription_n be_v deface_v by_o edw._n i._n buchanan_n in_o the_o life_n of_o king_n donald_n say_v this_o be_v the_o temple_n of_o the_o god_n terminus_n be_v near_o the_o roman_a wall_n it_o be_v a_o round_a building_n make_v of_o square_a stone_n and_o open_v only_o at_o the_o top_n 24_o cubit_n in_o height_n 13_o in_o breadth_n as_o 700._o camden_n describe_v it_o 19_o nennius_n say_v it_o be_v build_v by_o carausius_n in_o token_n of_o his_o triumph_n but_o this_o look_v no_o more_o like_o a_o triumphal_a arch_n than_o caesar_n travel_a palace_n and_o therefore_o buchanan_n opinion_n seem_v most_o probable_a since_o hector_n say_v that_o there_o be_v within_o it_o a_o stone_n of_o great_a magnitude_n which_o be_v the_o representation_n of_o the_o god_n terminus_n especial_o if_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o top_n be_v over_o the_o stone_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o capitol_n at_o rome_n then_o follow_v the_o wicked_a life_n and_o tragical_a end_n of_o euenus_n iii_o the_o good_a reign_n of_o metellanus_n and_o his_o friendship_n with_o augustus_n which_o he_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v from_o strabo_n but_o he_o have_v better_a keep_v to_o veremundus_n after_o he_o succeed_v caratacus_n bear_v at_o caractonium_fw-la a_o city_n of_o the_o silures_n say_v hector_n and_o that_o he_o may_v be_v sure_a to_o confound_v all_o he_o say_v his_o sister_n voada_n be_v marry_v to_o arviragus_n king_n of_o the_o britain_n but_o he_o divorce_v she_o and_o marry_v gevissa_n a_o noble_a roman_a upon_o which_o caratacus_n join_v the_o britain_n against_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v at_o last_o beat_v by_o they_o and_o betray_v by_o cartumandua_n his_o mother-in-law_n who_o after_o his_o father_n death_n be_v marry_v to_o venusius_n and_o be_v by_o ostorius_n carry_v in_o triumph_n to_o rome_n from_o whence_o he_o say_v he_o return_v to_o scotland_n and_o remain_v to_o his_o death_n a_o friend_n to_o the_o roman_n after_o caractacus_n corbr_v his_o brother_n be_v choose_v king_n who_o join_v with_o voada_n against_o the_o roman_n and_o partake_v of_o her_o misfortune_n return_v into_o scotland_n and_o there_o die_v his_o son_n be_v under_o age_n dardannus_n succeed_v who_o design_v to_o destroy_v the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v himself_o take_v off_o and_o thereby_o way_n be_v make_v for_o galdus_n the_o true_a heir_n to_o succeed_v who_o be_v the_o same_o say_v hector_z with_o tacitus_n his_o galgacus_n and_o he_o confess_v be_v beat_v by_o petilius_n cerealis_n this_o king_n buchanan_n think_v be_v the_o first_o of_o their_o king_n who_o fight_v with_o the_o roman_n what_o become_v then_o of_o the_o credit_n of_o hector_n and_o veremundus_n from_o who_o we_o have_v such_o ample_a narration_n of_o their_o engage_v with_o the_o roman_n so_o long_o before_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o veremundus_n his_o authority_n signify_v nothing_o with_o he_o and_o yet_o he_o follow_v hector_n where_o he_o profess_v to_o rely_v upon_o his_o authority_n for_o buchanan_n evident_o abridge_n hector_n as_o to_o the_o scotish_n affair_n leave_v out_o what_o he_o find_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o roman_a history_n hector_n begin_v his_o five_o book_n with_o the_o short_a reign_n and_o doleful_a end_n of_o luctacus_n galdus_n his_o son_n who_o be_v succeed_v by_o mogallus_n his_o sister_n son_n who_o continue_v for_o some_o time_n a_o brave_a prince_n but_o at_o last_o degenerate_v be_v kill_v by_o his_o subject_n after_o he_o conarus_n his_o son_n who_o be_v confine_v for_o ill_a management_n and_o the_o government_n commit_v to_o argadus_n upon_o his_o death_n the_o kingdom_n fall_v to_o ethodius_n nephew_n to_o mogallus_n who_o be_v strangle_v in_o his_o bed_n by_o a_o irish_a harper_n and_o so_o be_v satrael_n that_o succeed_v he_o
succession_n and_o the_o settlement_n of_o the_o neighbour_n nation_n together_o and_o then_o with_o great_a impartiality_n to_o deliver_v his_o judgement_n but_o by_o no_o mean_n to_o espouse_v any_o particular_a interest_n as_o though_o he_o be_v retain_v on_o that_o side_n which_o he_o plain_o discover_v if_o he_o appear_v resolve_v to_o maintain_v one_o side_n against_o the_o strong_a evidence_n and_o to_o cry_v down_o the_o other_o in_o a_o ignominious_a and_o reproachful_a manner_n as_o though_o nothing_o but_o particular_a pique_n and_o animosity_n or_o which_o be_v far_o worse_a ill_a will_n to_o the_o government_n can_v lead_v man_n into_o such_o debate_n nay_o as_o though_o it_o be_v a_o degree_n of_o lese-majesty_n as_o it_o be_v term_v to_o call_v in_o question_n some_o very_a remote_a and_o very_a uncertain_a tradition_n about_o the_o first_o succession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o a_o neighbour_n nation_n this_o i_o have_v particular_a reason_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o from_o the_o usage_n the_o very_a learned_a and_o judicious_a bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n have_v late_o meet_v with_o in_o this_o kind_n ireland_n mere_o because_o in_o his_o late_a excellent_a book_n he_o reject_v the_o long_a succession_n of_o king_n from_o fergus_n the_o son_n of_o ferquard_n from_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n be_v take_v of_o babylon_n which_o he_o do_v chief_o on_o these_o two_o ground_n 1._o because_o he_o prove_v from_o good_a authority_n in_o his_o book_n that_o the_o scot_n can_v not_o be_v so_o early_o settle_v in_o britain_n 2._o because_o those_o scotish_n historian_n who_o have_v assert_v it_o be_v not_o of_o sufficient_a authority_n to_o be_v rely_v upon_o which_o he_o show_v at_o large_a in_o his_o preface_n now_o upon_o this_o occasion_n his_o majesty_n learned_a advocate_n in_o scotland_n have_v be_v please_v to_o think_v it_o a_o part_n of_o his_o duty_n to_o answer_v this_o part_n of_o the_o bishop_n book_n not_o without_o some_o kind_n of_o sharpness_n and_o unhandsome_a reflection_n on_o a_o person_n of_o his_o character_n and_o merit_n but_o none_o like_o this_o that_o he_o admire_v that_o any_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o great_a britain_n do_v not_o think_v it_o a_o degree_n of_o lese-majesty_n to_o injure_v and_o shorten_v the_o royal_a line_n of_o their_o king_n 11._o but_o there_o be_v more_o reason_n to_o admire_v at_o the_o strangeness_n of_o this_o accusation_n unless_o it_o be_v intend_v to_o show_v that_o he_o can_v as_o well_o prosecute_v as_o write_v against_o the_o bishop_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o office_n for_o dispute_v their_o antiquity_n as_o though_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o british_a monarchy_n be_v at_o all_o concern_v in_o the_o credit_n of_o hector_n boethius_n for_o upon_o it_o as_o i_o shall_v present_o show_v the_o main_a stress_n of_o this_o matter_n do_v rest_n but_o because_o these_o be_v dangerous_a insinuation_n and_o may_v as_o well_o be_v urge_v against_o some_o part_n of_o the_o follow_a book_n i_o shall_v here_o make_v it_o clear_v how_o very_a unjust_a and_o unreasonable_a they_o be_v for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o royal_a line_n which_o be_v in_o dispute_n but_o the_o succession_n of_o it_o in_o such_o a_o place_n the_o irish_a antiquary_n carry_v the_o succession_n much_o far_a back_n than_o hector_n boethius_n or_o lesly_n 249._o or_o buchanan_n do_v and_o therefore_o they_o charge_v other_o far_a more_o with_o shorten_v the_o royal_a line_n make_v it_o to_o begin_v with_o fergus_n when_o they_o derive_v it_o long_o before_o by_o a_o continue_a succession_n from_o simon_n brek_n and_o herimon_n and_o gathelus_n who_o they_o say_v be_v but_o six_o descent_n from_o japhet_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o degree_n of_o lese-majesty_n for_o i_o be_o very_o unwilling_a to_o put_v these_o hard_a word_n into_o proper_a english_a in_o those_o who_o debate_n any_o thing_n wherein_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o royal_a line_n be_v concern_v let_v they_o clear_v themselves_o of_o it_o who_o lie_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o monarchy_n in_o the_o election_n of_o fergus_n for_o that_o be_v true_o the_o state_n of_o the_o case_n those_o who_o contend_v so_o earnest_o for_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o royal_a line_n from_o fergus_n the_o son_n of_o ferchard_n place_v his_o title_n to_o the_o monarchy_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o tribe_n which_o will_v appear_v from_o the_o word_n of_o hector_n boethius_n who_o be_v in_o truth_n the_o main_a support_n of_o all_o this_o tradition_n for_o although_o fordon_n do_v mention_v the_o succession_n of_o many_o king_n from_o fergus_n the_o son_n of_o ferquard_n to_o fergus_n ii_o yet_o he_o profess_v he_o can_v find_v nothing_o particular_a concern_v they_o although_o he_o quote_v several_a chronicle_n and_o we_o be_v tell_v he_o have_v the_o view_n of_o their_o annal_n such_o as_o they_o be_v of_o paslay_n scoon_n and_o other_o place_n he_o name_v indeed_o 45._o king_n 2._o but_o he_o desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v as_o to_o the_o several_a time_n of_o their_o reign_n for_o he_o have_v not_o meet_v with_o they_o write_v at_o large_a but_o from_o the_o time_n of_o fergus_n ii_o he_o promise_v to_o be_v very_o distinct_a and_o particular_a yet_o after_o he_o come_v hector_n boethius_n of_o who_o the_o learned_a advocate_n tell_v we_o that_o erasmus_n say_v he_o can_v not_o lie_v 29._o which_o come_v very_o near_o to_o infallibility_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o he_o be_v as_o distinct_a and_o particular_a in_o the_o first_o succession_n as_o he_o be_v in_o the_o second_o from_o whence_o come_v this_o mighty_a difference_n of_o this_o he_o inform_v we_o from_o hector_n boethius_n himself_o and_o can_v we_o have_v a_o better_a authority_n than_o his_o that_o can_v not_o lie_v that_o he_o have_v several_a book_n from_o icolmkill_n which_o he_o follow_v in_o write_v his_o history_n i_o can_v now_o enter_v upon_o the_o consideration_n 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these_o antiquity_n but_o say_v he_o you_o will_v object_v that_o in_o so_o long_a a_o time_n and_o amid_o so_o many_o war_n such_o antiquity_n can_v hardly_o be_v preserve_v to_o that_o he_o answer_v that_o friso_n be_v admirable_o skill_v in_o greek_a learning_n set_v up_o a_o public_a school_n at_o stauria_n near_o the_o temple_n of_o stavo_n and_o in_o the_o temple_n a_o library_n on_o purpose_n for_o antiquity_n like_o that_o of_o icolmkill_n and_o beside_o a_o palace_n be_v build_v by_o uffo_n wherein_o be_v contain_v the_o effigy_n of_o all_o their_o king_n from_o friso_n who_o come_v to_o friesland_n just_a 313_o year_n before_o christ_n nativity_n to_o the_o time_n of_o charlemagn_n for_o 1113_o year_n and_o be_v not_o these_o antiquity_n very_o well_o attest_v yet_o since_o ubbo_n emmius_n have_v confute_v they_o no_o learned_a advocate_n have_v appear_v in_o vindication_n of_o they_o be_v it_o any_o disparagement_n to_o the_o royal_a line_n of_o spain_n to_o have_v the_o first_o succession_n of_o king_n there_o dispute_v viz._n from_o jubal_n to_o melicola_n the_o 24_o king_n from_o he_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v reign_v there_o the_o very_a year_n after_o the_o destruction_n of_o troy_n so_o very_o punctual_o be_v the_o author_n of_o fabulous_a antiquity_n and_o if_o you_o believe_v they_o they_o have_v good_a ancient_a author_n and_o the_o tradition_n of_o their_o country_n for_o they_o haec_fw-la nostri_fw-la majores_fw-la multis_fw-la libris_fw-la tradiderunt_fw-la say_v the_o pretend_a berosus_n and_o by_o these_o help_n we_o have_v great_a light_n give_v we_o into_o the_o antiquity_n of_o europe_n for_o thereby_o we_o understand_v that_o janus_n who_o be_v somewhat_o elder_a than_o gathelus_n be_v noah_n himself_o give_v tuysco_n the_o country_n from_o the_o tanais_n to_o the_o rind_n italy_n to_o gomer_n the_o celtic_a province_n to_o samothe_n and_o celtiberia_n to_o jubal_n and_o this_o be_v just_a 131_o year_n after_o the_o flood_n gomer_n go_v into_o italy_n the_o 10_o year_n of_o saturn_n the_o father_n of_o jupiter_n belus_n in_o the_o 12_o jubal_n go_v into_o celtiberia_n and_o not_o long_o after_o samothe_n call_v dis_n found_v the_o celtic_a colony_n among_o which_o be_v the_o britain_n and_o from_o he_o their_o druid_n be_v call_v samothei_n after_o jubal_n among_o the_o celtiberian_n reign_v iberus_n his_o son_n from_o who_o come_v the_o name_n of_o iberi_n and_o among_o the_o celtae_n magus_n the_o son_n of_o samothe_n in_o the_o 51st_o year_n of_o ninus_n who_o succeed_v jupiter_n belus_n this_o magus_n in_o the_o scythian_a language_n be_v magog_n and_o from_o he_o come_v so_o many_o termination_n of_o the_o name_n of_o town_n as_o rhotamagum_fw-la noviomagum_fw-la juliomagum_fw-la caesaromagum_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o 34th_o of_o semiramis_n jubelda_n son_n of_o iber_n succeed_v in_o celtiberia_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ninias_n son_n to_o semiramis_n reign_v sarron_n among_o the_o celtae_n from_o he_o the_o learned_a gaul_n be_v call_v sarronidae_fw-la the_o same_o i_o suppose_v with_o our_o advocate_n be_v sanachies_n in_o the_o 20_o of_o arius_n 14._o brigus_n reign_v in_o celtiberia_n and_o in_o the_o 29_o dryius_fw-la among_o the_o celtae_n nothing_o can_v be_v more_o natural_a than_o to_o derive_v the_o druid_n from_o he_o who_o be_v convert_v the_o advocate_n tell_v we_o 13._o become_v their_o first_o monk_n and_o in_o the_o irish_a version_n of_o the_o new_a testament_n the_o wise_a man_n be_v translate_v druid_n therefore_o the_o druid_n be_v original_o irish._n in_o the_o time_n of_o aralius_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o babylon_n bardus_n be_v king_n over_o the_o celtae_n and_o he_o be_v the_o inventour_n of_o music_n and_o verse_n and_o from_o he_o come_v the_o bard_n who_o be_v the_o poet_n of_o their_o tradition_n as_o the_o advocate_n style_v they_o 14._o after_o he_o succeed_v longo_fw-la then_o bardus_n junior_a after_o he_o lucus_n and_o then_o celtes_n and_o galate_n narbon_n lugdus_n beligius_n allobrox_n romus_n paris_n lemannus_n galatas_n junior_a and_o francus_n must_v we_o allow_v all_o these_o noble_a antiquity_n for_o fear_n of_o shorten_v the_o royal_a line_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n and_o yet_o here_o be_v a_o great_a appearance_n of_o exactness_n a_o pretence_n to_o ancient_a record_n and_o to_o the_o common_a tradition_n of_o the_o several_a country_n for_o berosus_n appeal_v both_o to_o tradition_n and_o write_v and_o so_o do_v manetho_n in_o the_o continuation_n of_o he_o quae_fw-la ex_fw-la nostris_fw-la historicis_fw-la vel_fw-la corum_fw-la relationibus_fw-la consecuti_fw-la fumus_fw-la so_o that_o here_o we_o have_v the_o two_o supporter_n of_o antiquity_n which_o the_o advocate_n build_v upon_o viz._n tradition_n and_o record_n and_o metasthenes_n another_o pretend_a continuer_n of_o berosus_n say_v he_o take_v all_o out_o of_o the_o royal_a library_n at_o susa_n where_o the_o persian_a annal_n be_v preserve_v but_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o fair_a show_n and_o specious_a pretence_n there_o be_v not_o a_o man_n of_o tolerable_a judgement_n in_o europe_n who_o will_v venture_v his_o reputation_n to_o plead_v for_o these_o antiquity_n but_o the_o learned_a advocate_n say_v 2._o that_o their_o antiquity_n have_v be_v receive_v with_o great_a applause_n for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n by_o all_o historian_n antiquary_n and_o critic_n of_o other_o nation_n who_o have_v any_o occasion_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o affair_n these_o be_v very_o high_a expression_n and_o argue_v a_o good_a assurance_n in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o his_o book_n for_o my_o part_n i_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o acquaintance_n with_o all_o historian_n antiquary_n and_o critic_n for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n and_o so_o there_o may_v have_v be_v some_o for_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v who_o have_v applaud_v their_o history_n from_o 330_o year_n before_o christ_n but_o upon_o my_o little_a knowledge_n in_o book_n i_o dare_v
other_o antiquary_n and_o critic_n than_o they_o be_v by_o scaliger_n this_o argument_n will_v come_v to_o very_o little_a and_o yet_o salmasius_n and_o the_o rest_n he_o mention_n 126._o say_v much_o less_o than_o scaliger_n salmasius_n only_o use_v scaliger_n criticism_n about_o the_o scoto-brigantes_n without_o add_v any_o thing_n lipsius_n unhappy_o call_v galgacus_n a_o scot_n which_o be_v a_o improper_a expression_n as_o i_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o proper_a place_n because_o it_o be_v so_o evident_a from_o tacitus_n that_o the_o caledonian_n be_v not_o scot_n unless_o it_o be_v take_v for_o scythian_n of_o which_o afterward_o but_o by_o scot_n here_o we_o mean_v such_o as_o come_v out_o of_o ireland_n to_o settle_v in_o britain_n and_o such_o galgacus_n and_o his_o soldier_n be_v not_o and_o the_o like_a impropriety_n bergier_n though_o a_o learned_a antiquary_n fall_v into_o 9_o when_o he_o interpret_v the_o caledonian_n by_o scot_n but_o such_o as_o dempster_n be_v frequent_o guilty_a of_o when_o he_o call_v the_o britain_n english_a because_o the_o english_a dwell_v in_o britain_n afterward_o but_o improper_a expression_n where_o they_o fall_v from_o learned_a man_n by_o chance_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v pass_v over_o with_o silence_n than_o make_v use_v of_o as_o argument_n unless_o those_o who_o use_v they_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v what_o be_v imply_v in_o they_o sigonius_n his_o name_n stand_v among_o the_o rest_n be_v indeed_o a_o learned_a historian_n antiquary_n and_o critic_n but_o not_o one_o word_n can_v i_o find_v produce_v out_o of_o he_o in_o his_o whole_a book_n what_o baronius_n say_v relaâ—es_n to_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o scotish_n nation_n and_o not_o to_o these_o antiquity_n of_o which_o i_o have_v treat_v at_o large_a in_o the_o follow_a book_n 108._o andr._n favin_n and_o p._n aemilius_n speak_v only_o of_o a_o alliance_n between_o achaius_n king_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o what_o be_v this_o to_o fergus_n and_o the_o succession_n of_o king_n for_o 330_o year_n before_o christ_n nativity_n which_o he_o say_v in_o the_o beginning_n be_v applaud_v by_o all_o historian_n 2.10_o antiquary_n and_o critic_n and_o as_o though_o this_o be_v not_o extravagant_a enough_o 126._o he_o say_v afterward_o that_o baronius_n scaliger_n salmasius_n lipsius_n sigonius_n favin_n and_o other_o of_o the_o first_o rank_n too_o many_o to_o be_v name_v have_v passionate_o defend_v their_o antiquity_n and_o not_o only_o sustain_v but_o praise_v their_o history_n whereas_o not_o one_o of_o these_o produce_v by_o he_o speak_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n but_o we_o hope_v to_o see_v these_o thing_n better_o clear_v in_o the_o three_o part_n of_o sir_n r._n sibbald_n scotia_n antiqua_fw-la where_o he_o have_v promise_v to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o scot_n in_o britain_n before_o they_o have_v king_n then_o under_o king_n from_o fergus_n i._o to_o fergus_n ii_o and_o from_o thence_o to_o malcolm_n canmore_n if_o he_o do_v clear_a these_o part_n of_o their_o antiquity_n he_o will_v do_v a_o great_a thing_n and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o shall_v be_v as_o willing_a to_o believe_v fergus_n to_o have_v come_v into_o britain_n in_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n as_o any_o time_n after_o provide_v there_o be_v sufficient_a evidence_n to_o prove_v it_o which_o must_v be_v somewhat_o more_o convince_a than_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n have_v be_v please_v to_o make_v use_n of_o but_o i_o remember_v scaliger_n censure_n of_o claudian_n addit_fw-la de_fw-la ingenio_fw-la quantum_fw-la deest_fw-la materiae_fw-la therefore_o from_o the_o testimony_n of_o historian_n antiquary_n and_o critic_n i_o proceed_v to_o examine_v the_o argumentative_a part_n of_o his_o book_n and_o set_v aside_o all_o common_a place_n about_o historical_a certainty_n tradition_n common_a fame_n etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v keep_v close_o to_o the_o point_n before_o we_o and_o examine_v the_o force_n and_o strength_n of_o his_o reason_v which_o consist_v in_o these_o thing_n 6._o 1._o that_o upon_o the_o same_o reason_n we_o question_v their_o antiquity_n we_o may_v call_v in_o question_n the_o roman_a jewish_a greek_a french_a spanish_a antiquity_n all_o which_o depend_v upon_o tradition_n without_o record_n for_o a_o long_a time_n this_o be_v indeed_o a_o material_a objection_n for_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o give_v a_o partial_a assent_n to_o some_o antiquity_n and_o deny_v it_o to_o other_o if_o there_o be_v the_o same_o ground_n either_o to_o give_v or_o deny_v assent_n to_o all_o but_o this_o must_v be_v examine_v 1._o as_o to_o the_o roman_a antiquity_n he_o cite_v a_o passage_n in_o livy_n init_fw-la in_o which_o he_o say_v that_o the_o use_n of_o letter_n be_v not_o then_o ordinary_a the_o only_a certain_a preserver_n of_o the_o memory_n of_o thing_n past_a so_o livy'_v word_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v rarae_fw-la per_fw-la ea_fw-la tempora_fw-la literae_fw-la una_fw-la custodia_fw-la fidelis_fw-la memoriae_fw-la rerum_fw-la gestarum_fw-la and_o not_o as_o the_o advocate_n with_o too_o much_o art_n have_v translate_v they_o that_o the_o best_a record_n be_v the_o faithful_a remembrance_n of_o thing_n past_a for_o if_o this_o be_v livy_n meaning_n why_o do_v he_o complain_v of_o the_o want_n of_o the_o common_a use_n of_o letter_n when_o he_o say_v tradition_n be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o preserve_v the_o memory_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o make_v livy_n speak_v inconsequent_o but_o he_o go_v on_o say_v that_o what_o memorial_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o high_a priest_n or_o be_v in_o public_a or_o private_a hand_n be_v most_o part_v destroy_v in_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o town_n he_o do_v not_o say_v all_o be_v lose_v but_o the_o most_o part_n this_o livy_n allege_v to_o excuse_v the_o shortness_n and_o obscurity_n of_o his_o first_o book_n for_o want_n of_o sufficient_a record_n and_o he_o speak_v like_o a_o very_a judicious_a historian_n in_o it_o and_o when_o he_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o remote_a antiquity_n of_o rome_n he_o be_v far_o from_o confident_a assert_v they_o but_o he_o speak_v with_o great_a modesty_n and_o discretion_n about_o they_o say_v that_o he_o will_v neither_o affirm_v nor_o deny_v they_o be_v rather_o build_v on_o poetical_a fable_n than_o any_o certain_a monument_n of_o affair_n at_o that_o time_n that_o a_o allowance_n must_v be_v make_v to_o antiquity_n which_o be_v wont_v consecrare_fw-la origines_fw-la svas_fw-la to_o make_v their_o beginning_n as_o sacred_a and_o venerable_a as_o they_o can_v but_o as_o to_o such_o thing_n he_o will_v be_v no_o advocate_n either_o for_o or_o against_o they_o then_o he_o proceed_v to_o deliver_v the_o common_a tradition_n about_o aeneas_n his_o come_n into_o italy_n and_o ascanius_n succeed_v he_o but_o he_o can_v tell_v whether_o ascanius_n the_o son_n of_o creusa_n or_o another_o the_o son_n of_o lavinia_n quis_fw-la enim_fw-la rem_fw-la tam_fw-la veterem_fw-la pro_fw-la certo_fw-la affirmet_fw-la who_o can_v be_v certain_a in_o such_o remote_a antiquity_n and_o yet_o at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v think_v a_o great_a disparagement_n to_o the_o royal_a line_n to_o have_v it_o question_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o elder_a ascanius_n because_o the_o julian_n family_n as_o livy_n there_o say_v derive_v themselves_o from_o he_o who_o be_v call_v julus_n it_o be_v true_a livy_n after_o this_o relate_v the_o roman_a antiquity_n down_o to_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o city_n when_o so_o many_o record_n be_v lose_v but_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v certain_a annal_n before_o that_o time_n and_o that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v preserve_v that_o they_o have_v annal_n both_o public_a and_o private_a appear_v by_o livy_n own_o word_n who_o mention_n both_o the_o commentarii_fw-la pontificum_fw-la and_o the_o publica_fw-la &_o privata_fw-la monumenta_fw-la 12._o and_o cicero_n affirm_v that_o the_o roman_n from_o the_o beginning_n have_v annal_n make_v up_o by_o the_o pontifex_n maximus_n of_o the_o transaction_n of_o every_o year_n and_o these_o be_v public_o expose_v in_o a_o table_n in_o his_o house_n that_o the_o people_n may_v be_v satisfy_v about_o they_o and_o these_o he_o say_v be_v call_v annales_n maximi_fw-la which_o he_o add_v be_v continue_v down_o to_o the_o time_n of_o mucius_n scaevola_n who_o be_v pontifex_n maximus_n about_o a._n u._n c._n 623._o these_o as_o servius_n say_v 377._o be_v after_o make_v up_o into_o 80_o great_a book_n and_o be_v the_o stand_a monument_n of_o their_o antiquity_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n de_fw-fr origine_fw-la gentis_fw-la romanae_fw-la as_o vossius_fw-la and_o other_o take_v notice_n 1._o insert_v several_a thing_n as_o take_v out_o of_o the_o pontifical_a annal_n which_o happen_v before_o the_o build_n of_o rome_n from_o whence_o they_o do_v just_o infer_v that_o matter_n
particular_a testimony_n now_o what_o be_v there_o parallel_a to_o these_o thing_n in_o the_o present_a case_n have_v they_o produce_v any_o such_o public_a and_o sacred_a annal_n write_v and_o preserve_v with_o so_o much_o care_n as_o the_o ancient_a jew_n have_v have_v they_o have_v a_o succession_n of_o prophet_n among_o they_o who_o book_n be_v preserve_v to_o this_o day_n with_o great_a veneration_n without_o addition_n or_o diminution_n what_o mean_v then_o such_o strange_a comparison_n can_v they_o produce_v any_o one_o author_n contemporary_a with_o fergus_n i._o and_o his_o successor_n who_o mention_v that_o succession_n as_o josephus_n bring_v the_o egyptian_a phoenician_n chaldean_a writer_n to_o attest_v the_o story_n of_o the_o scripture_n 3._o as_o to_o the_o greek_a antiquity_n he_o say_v the_o greek_n can_v have_v no_o record_n for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n before_o they_o write_v and_o what_o follow_v 7._o but_o that_o therefore_o there_o be_v great_a uncertainty_n in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o greece_n till_o that_o time_n for_o which_o reason_n varro_n 21._o that_o great_a and_o judicious_a antiquary_n reject_v two_o part_n in_o three_o of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o greek_n the_o one_o he_o say_v be_v whole_o in_o the_o dark_a for_o want_v of_o record_n and_o the_o other_o fabulous_a because_o as_o josephus_n observe_v they_o have_v no_o public_a annal_n but_o their_o first_o writer_n be_v poet_n who_o mind_v to_o write_v rather_o thing_n entertain_v than_o true_a but_o we_o be_v of_o late_o tell_v ireland_n that_o this_o say_n of_o varro_n may_v hold_v as_o to_o the_o greek_a antiquity_n but_o it_o be_v unjust_o apply_v by_o camden_n to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o other_o nation_n for_o the_o utmost_a eastern_a nation_n the_o chinese_n and_o the_o utmost_a western_a the_o irish_a have_v preserve_v their_o antiquity_n far_o beyond_o the_o time_n which_o varro_n allow_v for_o true_a history_n i_o grant_v varro_n intend_v this_o chief_o for_o the_o greek_n who_o make_v the_o great_a noise_n with_o their_o antiquity_n then_o and_o yet_o varro_n himself_o as_o st._n augustine_n tell_v we_o 2._o begin_v his_o account_n of_o the_o roman_a antiquity_n with_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o sicyonian_a and_o athenian_a king_n not_o as_o though_o he_o will_v deliver_v it_o for_o certain_a historical_a truth_n but_o as_o the_o most_o common_a receive_v opinion_n and_o in_o the_o fabulous_a time_n he_o may_v endeavour_v to_o pick_v out_o what_o antiquity_n he_o think_v come_v nearest_n to_o history_n as_o to_o the_o chinese_n they_o be_v very_o remote_a from_o we_o and_o we_o have_v have_v different_a account_n of_o they_o as_o appear_v by_o compare_v gonsales_n mendoza_n and_o martinius_n together_o 1._o and_o of_o their_o antiquity_n as_o deliver_v by_o the_o former_a 214._o a_o learned_a man_n have_v say_v that_o they_o seem_v to_o he_o like_o manetho_n egyptian_a dynasty_n however_o scaliger_n think_v fit_a to_o insert_v the_o succession_n of_o their_o king_n in_o his_o chronological_a canon_n 158._o and_o make_v the_o beginning_n of_o that_o empire_n coincident_a with_o the_o end_n of_o the_o thirteen_o egyptian_n dynasty_a but_o in_o his_o note_n upon_o it_o he_o complain_v of_o the_o want_n of_o far_a information_n about_o they_o which_o the_o world_n have_v since_o in_o great_a measure_n receive_v by_o martinius_n both_o in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o first_o decad_n of_o the_o history_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o the_o nativity_n of_o christ._n but_o their_o way_n of_o preserve_a antiquity_n be_v peculiar_a to_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o these_o can_v very_o well_o be_v make_v a_o parallel_n for_o the_o scotish_n or_o irish_a antiquity_n martinius_n have_v indeed_o give_v a_o very_a plausible_a account_n of_o the_o remote_a antiquity_n of_o china_n 12.20_o but_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o show_v that_o even_o the_o chineses_n have_v a_o dark_a and_o fabulous_a time_n as_o well_o as_o the_o greek_n and_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o themselves_o acknowledge_v that_o before_o the_o reign_n of_o fohius_n they_o have_v no_o certain_a account_n of_o thing_n because_o then_o they_o have_v no_o use_n of_o letter_n but_o afterward_o they_o look_v upon_o the_o succession_n of_o their_o king_n as_o deliver_v down_o to_o they_o with_o great_a fidelity_n but_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n this_o certainty_n of_o their_o history_n depend_v upon_o 1._o a_o fix_a rule_n for_o the_o computation_n of_o time_n without_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a any_o nation_n shall_v have_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o ancient_a succession_n of_o their_o king_n and_o herein_o lie_v the_o great_a accuracy_n of_o the_o chineses_n that_o they_o be_v very_o early_o give_v to_o the_o find_v out_o the_o best_a method_n for_o calculation_n and_o they_o use_v a_o cycle_n of_o 60_o year_n 2670_o year_n before_o christ_n nativity_n and_o therefore_o martinius_n magnify_v the_o chinese_n especial_o for_o their_o skill_n and_o exactness_n in_o the_o succession_n of_o their_o prince_n which_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o give_v a_o certain_a account_n of_o without_o a_o fix_a measure_n of_o time_n and_o therefore_o it_o have_v be_v so_o often_o say_v that_o the_o greek_n have_v no_o certain_a history_n before_o the_o olympiad_n 2._o the_o chineses_n do_v not_o suffer_v any_o person_n to_o write_v history_n that_o will_v but_o some_o of_o great_a reputation_n be_v appoint_v after_o the_o emperor_n decease_n to_o write_v his_o life_n which_o be_v approve_v be_v allow_v as_o the_o only_a authentic_a history_n of_o he_o and_o these_o be_v put_v together_o make_v up_o their_o public_a annal_n which_o be_v preserve_v to_o this_o day_n for_o notwithstanding_o the_o persecution_n of_o their_o history_n in_o the_o time_n of_o chingus_n who_o endeavour_v to_o suppress_v they_o 241._o that_o he_o may_v be_v think_v the_o founder_n of_o the_o empire_n yet_o his_o son_n oppose_v his_o design_n and_o many_o learned_a man_n be_v banish_v upon_o it_o there_o be_v mean_n use_v to_o preserve_v their_o annal_n but_o semedo_n say_v 22._o they_o can_v never_o recover_v a_o perfect_a account_n of_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o that_o famous_a empire_n now_o before_o any_o other_o nation_n can_v presume_v to_o vie_v with_o the_o exactness_n of_o the_o chinese_n in_o their_o antiquity_n they_o must_v first_o show_v we_o what_o mean_v they_o have_v for_o the_o computation_n of_o time_n by_o which_o we_o may_v judge_v of_o their_o antiquity_n and_o succession_n of_o their_o king_n and_o next_o they_o must_v give_v a_o equal_a account_n of_o the_o care_n take_v time_n enough_o to_o preserve_v their_o history_n of_o public_a annal_n as_o the_o eastern_a people_n and_o the_o roman_n do_v for_o instance_n 6._o we_o be_v tell_v from_o a_o late_a irish_a antiquary_n geoffrey_n kete_v that_o the_o posterity_n of_o gathelus_n and_o scota_n or_o the_o milesian_n race_v settle_v in_o ireland_n a._n m._n 2736._o after_o the_o flood_n 1086._o after_o moses_n pass_v the_o red_a sea_n 192._o before_o christ_n nativity_n 1308._o from_o whence_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o irish_a nation_n 15._o be_v say_v not_o to_o be_v parallel_v unless_o by_o the_o chineses_n only_o here_o be_v a_o pretence_n to_o very_o great_a antiquity_n and_o a_o appearance_n of_o exact_a calculation_n but_o i_o only_o ask_v by_o what_o cycle_n the_o irish_a proceed_v when_o they_o begin_v how_o they_o can_v adjust_a the_o time_n so_o well_o to_o the_o age_n of_o the_o world_n or_o what_o other_o certain_a way_n they_o have_v which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o it_o if_o they_o have_v none_o all_o this_o may_v be_v only_a fancy_n and_o opinion_n unless_o there_o be_v some_o character_n of_o time_n fix_v and_o certain_a by_o eclipse_n and_o astronomical_a observation_n or_o certain_a period_n of_o time_n or_o coincident_a passage_n which_o may_v connect_v the_o year_n of_o their_o descent_n into_o ireland_n with_o such_o a_o year_n of_o the_o world_n or_o after_o the_o flood_n if_o nothing_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v produce_v we_o must_v be_v excuse_v if_o we_o do_v not_o yet_o think_v the_o irish_a antiquity_n parallel_v to_o those_o of_o china_n for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o such_o character_n of_o time_n which_o may_v direct_v we_o in_o compare_v one_o thing_n with_o another_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o there_o may_v be_v one_o or_o two_o thousand_o year_n difference_n in_o the_o computation_n and_o yet_o neither_o able_a to_o confute_v the_o other_o for_o suppose_v i_o shall_v say_v that_o the_o posterity_n of_o gathelus_n come_v into_o ireland_n just_a 308_o year_n before_o christ_n nativity_n here_o be_v 1000_o year_n difference_n that_o be_v a_o small_a matter_n you_o will_v say_v in_o so_o great_a antiquity_n but_o as_o small_a as_o it_o be_v some_o account_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v of_o a_o thousand_o
print_v but_o to_o return_v to_o vossius_fw-la who_o be_v not_o spare_v in_o mention_v any_o of_o our_o mss._n historian_n which_o he_o find_v well_o attest_v and_o particular_o aelredus_n abbot_n of_o rhieval_n who_o write_v the_o life_n of_o david_n king_n of_o scot_n 22._o but_o the_o advocate_n tell_v we_o some_o news_n concern_v he_o viz._n that_o he_o be_v abbot_n of_o mailros_n which_o be_v call_v ryval_n before_o king_n david_n be_v time_n but_o fordon_n express_o distinguish_v the_o two_o monastery_n of_o rieval_n and_o melros_n the_o one_o 43._o he_o say_v be_v found_v by_o king_n david_n a._n d._n 1132._o and_o the_o latter_a four_o year_n after_o and_o in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o melros_n it_o appear_v that_o richard_n be_v the_o first_o abbot_n there_o to_o who_o waltheof_n succeed_v uncle_n to_o king_n malcolm_n a._n d._n 1148._o who_o succeed_v king_n david_n a._n d._n 1153._o after_o waltheof_n william_n be_v abbot_n of_o mailros_n a._n d._n 1159._o after_o he_o jocelin_n a._n d._n 1170._o in_o the_o mean_a time_n aelredus_n die_v abbot_n of_o rieval_n a._n d._n 1167._o and_o silvanus_n be_v choose_v in_o his_o place_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o abbey_n of_o melros_n and_o rieval_n be_v always_o distinct_a from_o their_o first_o foundation_n and_o that_o alredus_n be_v never_o abbot_n of_o melros_n this_o aelredus_n may_v be_v call_v a_o scotish_n historian_n for_o his_o lamentation_n of_o king_n david_n extant_a both_o in_o fordon_n and_o elphinston_n but_o i_o can_v find_v nothing_o of_o his_o writing_n relate_v to_o the_o scotish_n antiquity_n i_o know_v he_o write_v a_o chronicon_fw-la which_o boston_n of_o bury_n who_o call_v he_o adelredus_n say_v be_v deduce_v from_o adam_n to_o henry_n i._n but_o if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o thing_n in_o it_o to_o their_o purpose_n those_o author_n who_o cite_v a_o great_a deal_n out_o of_o it_o relate_v to_o our_o saxon_a king_n will_v never_o have_v omit_v what_o have_v be_v much_o more_o material_a to_o their_o history_n turgott_n be_v likewise_o mention_v by_o vossius_fw-la though_o a_o ms._n historian_n 48._o because_o he_o see_v very_o good_a evidence_n for_o his_o writing_n some_o part_n of_o the_o scotish_n history_n he_o live_v say_v the_o advocate_n a._n d._n 1098._o i_o grant_v that_o he_o be_v frequent_o cite_v by_o fordon_n and_o elphinston_n for_o the_o act_n of_o malcolm_n and_o margaret_n which_o he_o write_v but_o i_o can_v find_v no_o more_o out_o of_o he_o than_o out_o of_o aelred_n as_o to_o their_o remote_a antiquity_n although_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v leave_v out_o very_o little_a of_o what_o turgott_n write_v but_o i_o wonder_v how_o the_o advocate_n come_v to_o discover_v turgott_v to_o have_v be_v arcshbishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n 35._o when_o dempster_n can_v have_v inform_v he_o that_o there_o be_v no_o archbishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n till_o 300_o year_n after_o 1143._o and_o he_o may_v have_v find_v in_o fordon_n that_o there_o be_v no_o archbishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n till_o after_o james_n kennedy_n 48._o who_o be_v bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n a._n d._n 1440._o and_o be_v nephew_n to_o james_n i._o but_o after_o his_o death_n patrick_n graham_n first_o obtain_v the_o metropolitan_a right_n to_o the_o see_v of_o st._n andrews_n but_o it_o be_v not_o quiet_o enjoy_v till_o his_o successor_n will._n sheve_n come_v into_o possession_n of_o his_o place_n 24._o but_o there_o be_v in_o fordon_n a_o account_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o pict_n which_o be_v whole_o leave_v out_o in_o elphinston_n and_o there_o turgott_n be_v say_v to_o be_v consecrate_v bishop_n a._n d._n 1109._o and_o to_o continue_v there_o seven_o year_n st._n andrews_n be_v before_o call_v kilremont_n as_o appear_v by_o fordon_n who_o call_v they_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n de_fw-fr kilremont_n kil_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o scotish_n historian_n be_v a_o place_n of_o devotion_n kilruil_n be_v the_o church_n of_o regulus_n as_o hector_n say_v st._n andrews_n be_v call_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o kilremont_n as_o be_v the_o royal_a seat_n and_o the_o principal_a church_n for_o remont_n be_v mons_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o from_o hence_o the_o clergy_n of_o this_o church_n be_v call_v killedees_n from_o which_o title_n the_o fiction_n of_o the_o ancient_a culdee_n come_v as_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n have_v true_o observe_v 42._o these_o killedees_n have_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o choose_v the_o bishop_n and_o be_v first_o exclude_v as_o fordon_n say_v by_o william_n wishart_n a._n d._n 1273._o and_o next_o by_o william_n fraser_n 4â—_n after_o he_o by_o william_n lamberton_n upon_o which_o william_n cume_a keldeorum_fw-la praepositus_fw-la i._n e._n dean_n of_o the_o church_n appeal_v to_o rome_n but_o be_v overrule_v there_o but_o the_o learned_a primate_n of_o armagh_n follow_v dempster_n too_o much_o â—59_n call_v he_o auminus_fw-la and_o yet_o dempster_n quote_v the_o scotichronicon_n for_o it_o where_o it_o be_v plain_o william_n cume_a but_o that_o the_o killdee_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n of_o st._n andrews_n not_o only_o appear_v by_o their_o right_n of_o election_n of_o the_o bishop_n but_o by_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o see_v which_o fordon_n say_v be_v in_o they_o i_o shall_v not_o so_o much_o have_v insist_v on_o this_o mistake_n of_o the_o advocate_n in_o make_v turgott_n archbishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n if_o he_o have_v not_o so_o severe_o reflect_v on_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n for_o make_v fordon_n a_o monk_n 34._o as_o though_o he_o do_v it_o mere_o for_o his_o own_o conveniency_n to_o show_v he_o interest_v for_o the_o independency_n of_o monk_n and_o caldee_n from_o the_o bishop_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v a_o mistake_n but_o not_o design_v and_o a_o very_a pardonable_a one_o since_o dempster_n say_v some_o think_v he_o a_o monk_n 543._o and_o he_o can_v not_o find_v of_o what_o condition_n he_o be_v and_o yet_o he_o say_v he_o read_v he_o and_o vossius_fw-la make_v joh._n the_o fordon_n a_o monk_n in_o king_n john_n time_n 56._o author_n of_o the_o scotichronicon_n this_o book_n of_o fordon_n the_o advocate_n say_v be_v so_o esteem_v that_o there_o be_v copy_n of_o it_o in_o most_o of_o their_o monastery_n 34._o and_o he_o say_v do_v agree_v with_o their_o ancient_a annal_n which_o i_o think_v will_v appear_v by_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n not_o to_o be_v much_o to_o the_o advantage_n of_o his_o cause_n and_o so_o much_o for_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o annal_n and_o historian_n from_o the_o original_a druid_n and_o bard_n to_o fordon_n and_o elphinston_n have_v thus_o go_v through_o the_o most_o material_a point_n which_o i_o have_v not_o distinct_o answer_v in_o the_o follow_a book_n there_o remain_v only_o some_o few_o thing_n which_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o be_v far_o clear_v as_o 1._o the_o testimony_n of_o eumenius_n in_o his_o panegyric_n to_o constantius_n from_o whence_o the_o advocate_n prove_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n there_o be_v another_o nation_n beside_o the_o pict_n who_o then_o inhabit_v britain_n 68_o and_o be_v a_o colony_n of_o the_o irish_a and_o these_o must_v certain_o have_v be_v scot_n the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o there_o be_v not_o according_a to_o eumenius_n pict_n and_o irish_a which_o the_o britain_n fight_v with_o in_o caesaâ—'s_n time_n just_a as_o sidonius_n apollinaris_n say_v that_o caesar_n conquer_v the_o pict_n and_o saxon_n in_o britain_n â—0_n which_o be_v such_o another_o prolepsis_n as_o sirmondus_n observe_v who_o make_v the_o come_n of_o the_o scot_n into_o britain_n after_o the_o saxon_n and_o he_o be_v a_o judicious_a critic_n and_o antiquary_n but_o the_o true_a question_n be_v whether_o eumenius_n affirm_v that_o those_o irish_a then_o dwell_v in_o britain_n yes_o say_v buchanan_n 2._o soli_fw-la britanni_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o genitive_a case_n and_o so_o these_o word_n relate_v to_o the_o pict_n and_o irish_a of_o the_o british_a soil_n no_o say_v the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n they_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o nominative_a case_n and_o so_o they_o set_v forth_o the_o advantage_n in_o constantius_n his_o victory_n over_o a_o roman_a legion_n above_o that_o of_o julius_n caesar_n who_o fight_v only_o with_o the_o britain_n a_o rude_a people_n and_o accustom_a to_o no_o other_o enemy_n but_o pict_n and_o irish_a a_o half_a naked_a people_n the_o word_n be_v thus_o print_v in_o the_o late_a paris_n edition_n after_o the_o compare_v of_o several_a mss._n by_o claudius_n puteanus_n and_o therefore_o more_o correct_a than_o the_o plantin_n edition_n ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la natio_fw-la etiam_fw-la
quote_v 16._o ger._n vossius_fw-la de_fw-fr hist._n lat._n who_o say_v only_o that_o bale_n mention_n a_o piece_n of_o his_o de_fw-la antiquitate_fw-la avalonica_fw-la but_o he_o add_v that_o bale_n deserve_v no_o credit_n in_o writer_n of_o great_a antiquity_n but_o the_o person_n cressy_n mean_v or_o at_o least_o his_o author_n be_v another_o gerard_n vossius_fw-la dean_n of_o tongre_n thaumaturg_n who_o publish_v part_n of_o this_o pretend_a piece_n of_o st._n patrick_n among_o other_o ancient_a write_n which_o will_v have_v no_o great_a authority_n among_o consider_v man_n if_o they_o have_v no_o other_o character_n of_o antiquity_n than_o this_o charter_n of_o saint_n patrick_n however_o mr._n cressy_n be_v please_v to_o call_v it_o a_o monument_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n towards_o this_o nation_n so_o early_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o christianity_n because_o therein_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o some_o write_n of_o st._n phaganus_n and_o diruvianus_n wherein_o be_v declare_v that_o twelve_o disciple_n of_o the_o holy_a apostle_n philip_n and_o jacob_n build_v the_o say_v ancient_a church_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n by_o the_o appointment_n of_o the_o archangel_n gabriel_n and_o moreover_o that_o our_o lord_n himself_o from_o heaven_n dedicate_v the_o say_a church_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o mother_n as_o likewise_o that_o three_o pagan_a king_n bestow_v upon_o they_o twelve_o portion_n of_o land_n if_o this_o hold_v good_a it_o go_v a_o great_a way_n towards_o the_o prove_v the_o ancient_a tradition_n although_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n be_v not_o mention_v but_o st._n patrick_n go_v on_o and_o say_v that_o in_o other_o write_n of_o a_o late_a date_n he_o find_v that_o phaganus_n and_o diruvianus_n obtain_v from_o pope_n eleutherius_fw-la thirty_o year_n of_o indulgence_n as_o himself_o likewise_o procure_v from_o pope_n celestine_n twelve_o year_n and_o towards_o the_o conclusion_n he_o grant_v a_o hundred_o day_n of_o indulgence_n to_o those_o who_o will_v clear_v the_o way_n to_o a_o certain_a oratory_n there_o mention_v and_o to_o make_v all_o plain_a it_o begin_v with_o the_o date_n anno_fw-la dom._n 425._o in_o these_o word_n in_o the_o name_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ._n i_o patrick_n the_o poor_a humble_a servant_n of_o god_n in_o the_o four_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o the_o incarnation_n of_o our_o lord_n be_v send_v by_o the_o most_o holy_a pope_n celestine_n into_o ireland_n etc._n etc._n i_o confess_v this_o charter_n offer_v very_o fair_a play_n towards_o the_o discovery_n of_o its_o own_o forgery_n by_o such_o open_a mark_n and_o character_n as_o these_o for_o it_o be_v certain_o know_v that_o in_o st._n patrick_n time_n no_o such_o way_n of_o computation_n be_v use_v from_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n for_o dionysius_n exiguus_fw-la write_v his_o first_o epistle_n to_o petronius_n anno_fw-la dom._n 525._o where_o he_o first_o mention_n the_o reduce_v the_o cycle_n to_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n incarnation_n that_o people_n may_v be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o it_o after_o which_o it_o remain_v a_o great_a while_n in_o private_a use_n with_o the_o paschal_n cycle_n and_o be_v not_o public_o receive_v say_v 4._o bucherius_n till_o about_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a 32._o joachim_n vadianus_n say_v he_o never_o see_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n in_o any_o ancient_a charter_n of_o which_o sort_n he_o have_v see_v many_o 102._o some_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v never_o use_v in_o charter_n before_o the_o nine_o age_n and_o therefore_o the_o more_o subtle_a pretender_n to_o antiquity_n always_o leave_v it_o out_o 461._o joh._n aventinus_n affirm_v that_o the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o epistle_n and_o charter_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o carolus_n crassus_n with_o who_o 885._o nic._n vignier_n agree_v as_o to_o the_o imperial_a diplomata_fw-la but_o it_o seem_v probable_a to_o have_v be_v bring_v into_o england_n before_o that_o time_n for_o in_o the_o 9_o council_n at_o celichyth_n anno_fw-la dom._n 816._o every_o bishop_n be_v require_v to_o take_v a_o account_n of_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o by_o some_o charter_n in_o ingulphus_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v use_v here_o before_o it_o be_v use_v in_o france_n or_o the_o empire_n but_o not_o long_o before_o the_o eight_o century_n and_o the_o first_o public_a act_n we_o find_v it_o apply_v to_o be_v those_o of_o council_n as_o in_o that_o of_o becanceld_a under_o king_n wither_a anno_fw-la dom._n 694._o but_o the_o same_o king_n do_v not_o use_v it_o in_o the_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o like_a instance_n about_o council_n especial_o in_o the_o eight_o and_o nine_o century_n be_v produce_v by_o 15._o mabillon_n who_o think_v that_o bede_n be_v the_o first_o who_o bring_v it_o into_o the_o use_n of_o history_n but_o that_o can_v not_o be_v before_o anno_fw-la dom._n 725._o at_o which_o time_n he_o begin_v to_o write_v his_o history_n and_o he_o add_v that_o from_o he_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o boniface_n it_o come_v into_o the_o use_n of_o the_o french_a council_n and_o history_n and_o at_o last_o of_o all_o public_a charter_n both_o in_o france_n and_o the_o empire_n as_o well_o as_o here_o but_o from_o all_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v no_o colour_n for_o this_o charter_n of_o st._n patrick_n which_o reckon_v from_o the_o incarnation_n a_o hundred_o year_n before_o dionysius_n exiguus_fw-la first_fw-mi introduce_v that_o way_n of_o computation_n beside_o it_o can_v possible_o agree_v with_o the_o time_n of_o st._n patrick_n go_n first_o into_o ireland_n for_o 145._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n confess_v he_o be_v make_v bishop_n by_o celestine_n and_o send_v by_o st._n german_n into_o ireland_n as_o a_o apostle_n but_o it_o be_v on_o all_o hand_n agree_v that_o palladius_n be_v send_v thither_o before_o he_o and_o prosper_v who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n fix_v the_o send_v palladius_n to_o the_o year_n wherein_o bassus_n and_o antiochus_n be_v consul_n which_o be_v anno_fw-la dom._n 431._o the_o year_n of_o the_o first_o ephesine_n council_n so_o that_o this_o charter_n of_o st._n patrick_n can_v be_v true_a no_o not_o although_o we_o allow_v the_o different_a computation_n in_o capgrave_n who_o read_v it_o 430._o but_o alford_n confess_v both_o malmsbury_n and_o the_o glassenbury_n antiquity_n have_v it_o 425._o it_o be_v strange_a that_o alford_n shall_v say_v he_o find_v no_o exception_n against_o the_o credit_n of_o this_o charter_n since_o even_o patricii_fw-la capgrave_v himself_o mention_n it_o not_o without_o doubt_n and_o suspicion_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o and_o his_o own_o brethren_n 72._o henschenius_n and_o papebrochius_n deride_v his_o simplicity_n for_o believe_v it_o and_o among_o other_o argument_n they_o produce_v that_o of_o the_o mention_n of_o indulgence_n against_o it_o which_o name_v they_o confess_v be_v not_o use_v for_o the_o relaxation_n of_o penance_n till_o the_o eleven_o century_n a_o very_a competent_a time_n after_o the_o date_n of_o this_o charter_n the_o question_n be_v not_o as_o mr._n cressy_n will_v put_v it_o whether_o every_o bishop_n or_o the_o pope_n as_o chief_a have_v a_o power_n to_o relax_v penance_n but_o whether_o the_o name_n of_o indulgence_n be_v then_o apply_v to_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o this_o charter_n use_v it_o which_o those_o learned_a jesuit_n deny_v add_v to_o all_o this_o that_o st._n patrick_n say_v he_o obtain_v from_o celestine_n twelve_o year_n of_o indulgence_n which_o be_v understand_v of_o glassenbury_n imply_v a_o plain_a impossibility_n for_o st._n patrick_n be_v say_v to_o retreat_v thither_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o life_n and_o celestine_n die_v soon_o after_o his_o first_o send_v into_o ireland_n so_o that_o i_o need_v not_o to_o insist_v on_o the_o style_n or_o the_o name_n contain_v in_o this_o charter_n to_o prove_v the_o forgery_n of_o it_o it_o be_v so_o manifest_a by_o the_o argument_n already_o produce_v i_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o charter_n whereof_o there_o be_v several_a extant_a in_o the_o 12._o monasticon_fw-la the_o large_a charter_n of_o king_n ina_n seem_v to_o be_v most_o considerable_a and_o to_o favour_v the_o old_a tradition_n as_o it_o make_v the_o church_n at_o glassenbury_n dedicate_v to_o christ_n and_o the_o bless_a virgin_n to_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o all_o religion_n and_o the_o first_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n but_o upon_o a_o strict_a enquiry_n into_o the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o charter_n i_o see_v great_a reason_n to_o call_v in_o question_n the_o truth_n of_o it_o and_o not_o mere_o from_o the_o dissimilitude_n of_o style_n between_o this_o and_o other_o charter_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v authentic_a such_o as_o those_o in_o ingulphus_n william_n of_o malmsbury_n the_o addition_n to_o matthew_n paris_n etc._n etc._n but_o for_o these_o
seal_n to_o they_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v ingulphus_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o so_o strict_a a_o sense_n that_o there_o be_v no_o seal_n in_o use_n before_o the_o norman_a time_n but_o that_o deed_n or_o charter_n before_o be_v good_a or_o valid_a by_o bare_a cross_n and_o mark_n with_o subscription_n without_o seal_n but_o that_o the_o norman_n will_v allow_v none_o that_o have_v no_o seal_n to_o they_o and_o this_o upon_o due_a consideration_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o ingulphus_n and_o the_o same_o ms._n author_n commend_v the_o discretion_n of_o the_o saxon_a way_n of_o confirm_v charter_n above_o that_o of_o the_o norman_n a_o seal_n of_o wax_n be_v so_o apt_a to_o decay_v or_o to_o be_v lose_v or_o take_v off_o and_o he_o observe_v one_o particular_a custom_n of_o the_o norman_n that_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o put_v some_o of_o the_o hair_n of_o their_o head_n or_o beard_n into_o the_o wax_n of_o their_o seal_n i_o suppose_v rather_o to_o be_v keep_v as_o monument_n than_o as_o add_v any_o strength_n or_o weight_n to_o their_o charter_n so_o he_o observe_v that_o some_o of_o the_o hair_n of_o william_n earl_n of_o warren_n be_v to_o his_o time_n keep_v in_o the_o priory_n of_o lewes_n to_o that_o of_o the_o leaden_a bull_n append_v to_o the_o charter_n of_o st._n augustin_n he_o make_v a_o pitiful_a answer_n viz._n that_o he_o be_v depute_v hither_o by_o the_o pope_n may_v use_v the_o same_o seal_n which_o he_o do_v at_o rome_n and_o so_o every_o legate_n may_v grant_v bull_n with_o leaden_a seal_n which_o will_v not_o be_v well_o take_v at_o rome_n but_o it_o be_v much_o more_o to_o the_o purpose_n which_o he_o add_v viz._n that_o when_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n iii_o this_o privilege_n be_v question_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n because_o of_o this_o leaden_a bull_n the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n produce_v such_o another_o give_v he_o by_o a_o foreign_a bishop_n which_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v use_v the_o fashion_n whereof_o he_o set_v down_o and_o the_o bull_n itself_o be_v preserve_v as_o a_o monument_n in_o st._n augustine_n but_o if_o this_o be_v then_o so_o common_a a_o custom_n especial_o at_o rome_n why_o have_v they_o no_o such_o bull_n of_o gregory_n the_o great_a who_o send_v augustine_n to_o that_o he_o give_v a_o frivolous_a answer_n viz._n that_o gregory_n die_v the_o same_o year_n of_o the_o endowment_n of_o st._n augustine_n '_o s._n but_o do_v he_o leave_v no_o successor_n and_o have_v it_o not_o be_v more_o to_o their_o purpose_n to_o have_v produce_v one_o leaden_a bull_n of_o the_o pope_n at_o that_o time_n than_o twenty_o of_o augustine_n the_o monk_n but_o he_o give_v no_o manner_n of_o answer_n to_o the_o rasure_n of_o the_o first_o charter_n nor_o to_o the_o late_a write_n of_o the_o second_o and_o although_o the_o use_n of_o leaden_a bull_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o appropriate_v to_o the_o consistorial_n grant_v of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n but_o prince_n and_o bishop_n may_v use_v they_o as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n and_o mounseur_fw-fr du_fw-fr cange_n and_o mabillon_n have_v all_o prove_v yet_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v better_a proof_n bring_v of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o to_o st._n augustine_n privilege_n for_o it_o be_v still_o very_o suspicious_a not_o only_o on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o leaden_a bull_n which_o 2._o polydore_v virgil_n can_v not_o find_v so_o early_o use_v even_o at_o rome_n and_o he_o allow_v it_o to_o be_v no_o elder_a than_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 772._o and_o all_o the_o instance_n bring_v before_o by_o 2._o dom._n raynaldus_n be_v confess_v to_o be_v suspicious_a by_o 9_o mabillon_n himself_o but_o there_o be_v several_a thing_n in_o it_o which_o in_o 124._o sir_n h._n spelman_n judgement_n favour_n of_o the_o norman_a time_n as_o the_o jus_fw-la consuetudinarium_fw-la judicia_fw-la intus_fw-la &_o foris_fw-la and_o the_o very_a title_n of_o archbishop_n as_o it_o be_v there_o use_v be_v hardly_o of_o that_o antiquity_n in_o the_o western_a church_n and_o be_v never_o give_v to_o augustine_n by_o gregory_n but_o according_a to_o 12._o isidore_n explication_n of_o it_o who_o be_v gregory_n disciple_n and_o understand_v the_o language_n of_o that_o age_n augustine_n can_v not_o proper_o call_v his_o successor_n archbishop_n for_o he_o say_v that_o title_n belong_v to_o they_o who_o have_v power_n over_o metropolitan_o as_o well_o as_o other_o bishop_n and_o it_o be_v not_o before_o the_o nine_o age_n as_o 1â—_n mabillon_n and_o other_o observe_v that_o it_o come_v to_o be_v common_o use_v for_o a_o metropolitan_a it_o be_v therefore_o a_o judicious_a rule_n lay_v down_o by_o the_o learned_a author_n of_o the_o angl._n preface_n to_o the_o monasticon_fw-la concern_v the_o charter_n of_o monk_n that_o the_o elder_a they_o pretend_v to_o be_v the_o more_o they_o be_v to_o be_v suspect_v for_o which_o he_o be_v deserve_o praise_v by_o 125._o papebrochius_n but_o 2._o mabillon_n be_v very_o unwilling_a to_o allow_v it_o as_o overthrow_v at_o once_o the_o authority_n of_o all_o their_o ancient_a charter_n and_o therefore_o he_o have_v endeavour_v with_o mighty_a industry_n to_o defend_v chief_o the_o old_a benedictin_a charter_n in_o france_n but_o he_o can_v deny_v many_o of_o they_o to_o be_v counterfeit_v papebrochius_n say_v almost_o all_o and_o at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o his_o discourse_n he_o vindicate_v the_o monk_n by_o the_o commonness_n of_o the_o fault_n in_o elder_a time_n 10._o which_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o caution_n to_o we_o rather_o than_o of_o any_o credit_n to_o be_v give_v to_o they_o and_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o he_o have_v lay_v down_o many_o useful_a rule_n for_o discern_v the_o true_a and_o false_a with_o respect_n to_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n but_o we_o be_v still_o as_o much_o to_o seek_v as_o to_o our_o pretend_a charter_n since_o the_o custom_n of_o make_v charter_n can_v be_v make_v appear_v to_o be_v so_o old_a here_o as_o it_o be_v there_o he_o do_v indeed_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v from_o bede_n epistle_n to_o egbert_n 4._o that_o in_o his_o time_n there_o be_v write_v privilege_n grant_v to_o monastery_n among_o the_o saxon_n and_o something_o before_o that_o among_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o synod_n of_o landass_n anno_fw-la dom._n 660._o but_o he_o can_v prove_v nor_o do_v he_o attempt_v it_o that_o there_o be_v any_o charter_n among_o the_o saxon_n before_o that_o of_o wither_a anno_fw-la dom._n 694._o and_o if_o not_o all_o the_o ancient_a charter_n refer_v to_o in_o this_o charter_n of_o ina_n must_v be_v false_a and_o counterfeit_a 2._o how_o come_v king_n ina_n to_o have_v so_o great_a authority_n over_o all_o the_o king_n of_o britain_n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n duke_n and_o abbat_n as_o this_o charter_n express_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o charter_n he_o mention_n baldr_v as_o one_o of_o his_o vice-roys_n in_o the_o middle_n he_o speak_v of_o baldred_n as_o one_o of_o his_o predecessor_n and_o join_v he_o with_o kenewalchius_fw-la kentwin_n and_o cedwalla_n but_o in_o the_o end_n he_o make_v he_o to_o confirm_v what_o ina_n have_v grant_v ego_fw-la baldredus_fw-la rex_fw-la confirmavi_fw-la but_o who_o be_v this_o king_n baldred_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o kent_n edricus_n be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o ina_n reign_n according_a to_o the_o savilian_a fasti_fw-la and_o withredus_n from_o the_o six_o to_o the_o end_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east_n saxon_n there_o be_v sighardus_fw-la senfredus_fw-la ossa_fw-la and_o selredus_fw-la in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o east_n angle_n beorna_n and_o ethelredus_fw-la in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n adelredus_n kenredus_fw-la ceolredus_fw-la athelbaldus_fw-la in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n alfredus_fw-la osfredus_fw-la kenredus_fw-la osricus_n but_o among_o all_o these_o not_o one_o baldredus_n appear_v there_o be_v indeed_o one_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o kent_n near_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o but_o what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o time_n of_o ina_n but_o suppose_v baldr_v then_o in_o be_v and_o only_o a_o viceroy_n in_o some_o part_n of_o ina_n dominion_n how_o come_v ina_n to_o this_o universal_a monarchy_n or_o power_n to_o command_v all_o the_o king_n of_o britain_n which_o be_v express_v in_o the_o charter_n sed_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la regibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n praecipio_fw-la by_o what_o authority_n do_v the_o king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n at_o that_o time_n make_v such_o a_o precept_n to_o all_o other_o king_n in_o britain_n but_o i_o remember_v ascens_fw-la geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n make_v he_o grandchild_n to_o cadwallader_n and_o the_o 35._o author_n of_o the_o addition_n to_o king_n edward_n law_n say_v he_o have_v the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n with_o his_o second_o wife_n wala_n
daughter_n of_o cadwallader_n and_o than_o ina_n call_v a_o parliament_n for_o the_o intermarriage_n of_o britain_n and_o saxon_n so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o opinion_n among_o some_o that_o ina_n have_v the_o monarchy_n of_o britain_n which_o opinion_n be_v certain_o follow_v by_o the_o contriver_n of_o this_o charter_n but_o mr._n lambard_n confess_v that_o these_o passage_n be_v not_o in_o the_o ancient_a ms._n of_o king_n edward_n law_n and_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n they_o shall_v ever_o come_v into_o they_o be_v so_o destitute_a of_o any_o colour_n of_o authority_n and_o so_o remote_a from_o the_o design_n of_o his_o law_n as_o to_o these_o counterfeit_a charter_n the_o opinion_n of_o 103._o papebrochius_n seem_v most_o probable_a to_o i_o that_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n frame_v in_o the_o eleven_o century_n when_o there_o be_v ignorance_n enough_o to_o make_v they_o pass_v and_o occasion_n enough_o give_v to_o the_o monk_n to_o frame_v they_o for_o their_o own_o security_n against_o the_o encroachment_n of_o other_o upon_o their_o land_n and_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o bishop_n over_o their_o monastery_n and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v give_v such_o invidious_a privilege_n to_o battle_n abbey_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o his_o charter_n the_o elder_a monastery_n think_v much_o to_o be_v so_o far_o behind_o they_o and_o therefore_o make_v themselves_o as_o great_a privilege_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o saxon_a king_n from_o hence_o in_o the_o next_o age_n arise_v so_o many_o contest_v about_o jurisdiction_n between_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o several_a monastery_n of_o which_o we_o read_v not_o before_o as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v between_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n augustine_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n between_o the_o abbey_n of_o malmsbury_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n and_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n alban_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o lincoln_n and_o at_o that_o time_n those_o abbey_n be_v charge_v with_o forge_v their_o charter_n and_o when_o they_o be_v so_o charge_v be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v they_o as_o be_v remarkable_a in_o the_o case_n of_o saint_n augustine_n as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o 3._o william_n thorn_n a_o monk_n of_o that_o abbey_n he_o confess_v the_o archbishop_n charge_v their_o privilege_n with_o forgery_n and_o that_o the_o monk_n appeal_v to_o rome_n and_o that_o upon_o their_o appeal_n several_a commission_n be_v grant_v to_o examine_v they_o but_o by_o his_o own_o relation_n they_o shameful_o decline_v to_o produce_v they_o as_o long_o as_o they_o dare_v and_o still_o continue_v their_o appeal_n but_o when_o they_o see_v no_o remedy_n they_o produce_v the_o charter_n of_o ethelbert_n and_o augustine_n the_o copy_n whereof_o the_o delegate_n send_v to_o rome_n but_o before_o they_o come_v thither_o the_o pope_n die_v and_o the_o next_o pope_n lucius_n send_v a_o inhibition_n to_o the_o archbishop_n require_v he_o not_o to_o invade_v their_o privilege_n till_o the_o question_n of_o forgery_n be_v determine_v and_o he_o write_v to_o king_n henry_n ii_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o abbey_n thing_n be_v at_o this_o pass_n they_o fair_o make_v a_o composition_n with_o the_o archbishop_n viz._n that_o he_o shall_v withdraw_v his_o accusation_n of_o fraud_n in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n and_o they_o will_v yield_v up_o to_o he_o the_o main_a point_n contest_v as_o to_o jurisdiction_n the_o form_n of_o which_o composition_n be_v at_o large_a extant_a in_o thorn_n and_o the_o confirmation_n of_o it_o by_o henry_n ii_o in_o the_o other_o ms._n chronicon_fw-la of_o that_o abbey_n which_o in_o effect_n amount_v to_o the_o monk_n give_v up_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o charter_n such_o a_o controversy_n about_o jurisdiction_n there_o be_v between_o jocelin_n bishop_n of_o bath_n and_o wells_n and_o the_o abbey_n of_o glassenbury_n about_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1215._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o book_n call_v secretum_fw-la domini_fw-la abbatis_fw-la late_o in_o the_o arundel_n library_n but_o now_o in_o a_o private_a hand_n so_o that_o there_o appear_v a_o sufficient_a inducement_n for_o they_o to_o forge_v such_o large_a immunity_n and_o exemption_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o bishop_n jurisdiction_n as_o this_o charter_n contain_v and_o that_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o main_a point_n aim_v at_o in_o it_o but_o in_o order_n to_o it_o some_o extraordinary_a matter_n be_v to_o be_v allege_v in_o favour_n of_o this_o place_n and_o nothing_o serve_v so_o much_o in_o that_o age_n as_o to_o amuse_v the_o people_n with_o wonderful_a story_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o it_o call_v it_o the_o mother_n of_o religion_n and_o the_o place_n of_o vision_n and_o revelation_n and_o miracle_n where_o st._n patrick_n and_o st._n david_n dwell_v in_o former_a time_n before_o ever_o the_o saxon_n come_v but_o not_o a_o word_n yet_o of_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n which_o be_v very_o plausible_a pretence_n for_o extraordinary_a privilege_n and_o so_o they_o be_v allege_v in_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n ina_n ita_fw-la &_o ipsa_fw-la supereminentem_fw-la privilegii_fw-la obtineat_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la nec_fw-la ulli_fw-la omnino_fw-la hominum_fw-la ancillare_fw-la obsequium_fw-la faciat_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o word_n be_v speak_v of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n but_o according_a to_o the_o construction_n of_o that_o age_n to_o be_v under_o stoo_o of_o glassenbury_n abbey_n because_o the_o church_n be_v believe_v to_o be_v consecrate_v to_o she_o by_o our_o saviour_n himself_o but_o it_o seem_v strange_a that_o such_o a_o charter_n shall_v ever_o pass_v for_o authentic_a with_o any_o who_o compare_v the_o language_n of_o it_o with_o the_o history_n of_o king_n ina_n as_o it_o be_v deliver_v by_o the_o monkish_a historian_n for_o by_o they_o it_o appear_v what_o war_n he_o have_v with_o his_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o how_o far_o he_o be_v to_o the_o last_o from_o command_a king_n and_o prince_n and_o archbishop_n who_o kingdom_n be_v confine_v to_o the_o west_n and_o south_n saxon_n and_o have_v but_o one_o bishop_n in_o it_o till_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o daniel_n have_v one_o share_n and_o aldelm_v the_o other_o and_o some_o year_n after_o eadbertus_n be_v bishop_n of_o the_o south_n saxon_n so_o that_o he_o have_v but_o three_o bishop_n at_o the_o most_o and_o never_o a_o archbishop_n in_o his_o dominion_n how_o then_o can_v he_o call_v the_o several_a king_n archbishop_n and_o bishop_n together_o to_o pass_v this_o charter_n the_o like_a gross_a absurdity_n there_o be_v in_o the_o 146._o charter_n of_o evesham_n abbey_n wherein_o brightwaldus_n be_v say_v to_o draw_v it_o up_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o prince_n in_o england_n meet_v in_o council_n as_o the_o pope_n constantine_n explain_v it_o which_o be_v somewhat_o hard_a to_o believe_v concern_v that_o age_n wherein_o they_o be_v under_o no_o common_a head_n but_o continual_o fight_v with_o each_o other_o till_o the_o west_n saxon_n prevail_v and_o the_o case_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o evesham_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o glassenbury_n for_o 162._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n wonder_n how_o bede_n come_v to_o omit_v the_o foundation_n of_o it_o if_o it_o be_v so_o solemn_o declare_v at_o rome_n as_o the_o charter_n import_v when_o kenred_n and_o offa_n be_v both_o there_o which_o be_v mention_v by_o bede_n and_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v very_o strange_a that_o so_o diligent_a a_o writer_n especial_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o bede_n be_v shall_v say_v not_o a_o word_n either_o of_o glassenbury_n or_o evesham_n but_o he_o judicious_o impute_v the_o occasion_n of_o sound_v this_o monastery_n to_o some_o old_a church_n of_o the_o britain_n stand_v there_o in_o a_o desolate_a place_n which_o egwin_n than_o bishop_n of_o worcester_n take_v a_o great_a fancy_n to_o and_o so_o raise_v a_o monastery_n there_o but_o such_o a_o plain_a story_n as_o this_o will_v never_o do_v the_o monk_n business_n and_o therefore_o they_o must_v have_v a_o legend_n of_o egwin_n chain_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o vision_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n there_o and_o large_a immunity_n grant_v to_o the_o place_n on_o these_o account_n as_o they_o have_v full_o do_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o kenred_n and_o offa_n the_o bull_n of_o constantine_n and_o the_o privilege_n of_o egwin_n but_o yet_o this_o unlucky_a charge_n of_o pope_n constantine_n to_o brightwaldus_n to_o summon_v a_o council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n prince_n and_o bishop_n to_o confirm_v this_o charter_n at_o a_o time_n when_o there_o be_v so_o many_o kingdom_n not_o only_o divide_v but_o most_o common_o in_o actual_a war_n with_o each_o other_o make_v this_o whole_a charter_n appear_v to_o be_v a_o undoubted_a forgery_n of_o the_o monk_n to_o obtain_v great_a privilege_n to_o themselves_o but_o to_o return_v to_o
he_o say_v that_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 601._o the_o king_n of_o dompnonia_n i._n e._n devonshire_n and_o cornwall_n give_v to_o the_o old_a church_n in_o glassenbury_n the_o land_n call_v ynis_n withrin_n or_o the_o island_n of_o avalon_n who_o this_o king_n be_v he_o say_v he_o can_v not_o learn_v but_o he_o conclude_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o britain_n by_o call_v the_o island_n by_o the_o british_a name_n but_o as_o to_o arviragus_n that_o there_o be_v a_o british_a prince_n of_o that_o name_n can_v be_v deny_v since_o juvenal_n mention_n he_o in_o domitian_n time_n omen_n habes_fw-la inquit_fw-la magni_fw-la clarÃque_fw-la triumphi_fw-la 125._o regem_fw-la aliquem_fw-la capies_fw-la aut_fw-la de_fw-fr temone_n britanno_fw-mi excidet_fw-la arviragus_n the_o 50._o author_n of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o dover_n understand_v this_o passage_n as_o speak_v to_o nero_n which_o agree_v much_o better_a with_o the_o tradition_n of_o glassenbury_n but_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n agree_v with_o juvenal_n who_o say_v plain_o enough_o that_o satyr_n relate_v to_o domitian_n and_o his_o flatterer_n and_o this_o be_v a_o very_a insipid_a flattery_n to_o domitian_n unless_o arviragus_n be_v a_o considerable_a prince_n then_o live_v and_o a_o enemy_n to_o caesar._n for_o what_o triumph_n can_v he_o have_v over_o a_o subject_a or_o a_o friend_n as_o aviragus_n be_v suppose_v after_o the_o reconciliation_n with_o vespasian_n and_o no_o such_o enemy_n can_v appear_v at_o that_o time_n in_o these_o part_n of_o britain_n for_o 20._o petilius_n cerealis_n have_v conquer_v the_o brigantes_n and_o julius_n frontinus_n the_o silures_n and_o agricola_n after_o they_o the_o ordovices_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o government_n tacitus_n say_v even_o the_o confederate_a city_n among_o the_o britain_n who_o stand_v upon_o term_n of_o equality_n before_o then_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_a power_n and_o receive_v garrison_n among_o they_o after_o this_o agricola_n proceed_v northwards_o against_o new_a people_n and_o destroy_v they_o as_o far_o as_o the_o frith_n of_o taus_n tweed_n then_o he_o fortify_v the_o passage_n between_o glota_n and_o bodotria_n dumbretton_n and_o edinburgh_n frith_n so_o that_o the_o roman_n be_v absolute_a lord_n of_o all_o this_o side_n have_v cast_v out_o the_o enemy_n as_o it_o be_v into_o another_o land_n as_o sir_n h._n savil_n translate_v the_o word_n of_o tacitus_n from_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o king_n as_o arviragus_n at_o that_o time_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o island_n over_o who_o domitian_n can_v expect_v a_o triumph_n but_o suppose_v there_o be_v what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o eight_o of_o nero_n when_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n be_v say_v to_o have_v come_v hither_o at_o what_o time_n arviragus_n be_v say_v to_o be_v king_n in_o britain_n it_o be_v possible_a he_o may_v live_v so_o long_o but_o how_o come_v he_o to_o be_v never_o mention_v in_o the_o roman_a story_n as_o prasutagus_n cogidunus_n caractacus_n togodumnus_n and_o galgacus_n be_v arviragus_z his_o name_n be_v well_o know_v at_o rome_n in_o domitian_n time_n why_o not_o speak_v of_o before_o brit._n some_o think_v he_o be_v the_o same_o with_o prasutagus_n but_o this_o can_v be_v for_o prasutagus_n be_v dead_a before_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o britain_n under_o boadicea_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o roman_n ill_a usage_n of_o the_o britain_n after_o his_o death_n and_o prasutagus_n leave_v only_o two_o daughter_n what_o become_v then_o of_o his_o son_n marius_n who_o 384._o white_a will_v have_v to_o be_v cogidunus_n but_o marius_n be_v say_v to_o succeed_v arviragus_z who_o be_v alive_a in_o domitian_n time_n and_o cogidunus_n have_v the_o city_n confer_v upon_o he_o before_o suetonius_n paulinus_n come_v into_o britain_n as_o appear_v by_o tacitus_n which_o be_v thing_n inconsistent_a 9_o other_o say_v that_o arviragus_n be_v the_o same_o with_o caractacus_n for_o this_o opinion_n alford_n contend_v and_o juvenal_n he_o say_v mention_n the_o name_n by_o a_o poetical_a licence_n although_o he_o live_v long_o before_o but_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o to_o suppose_v that_o fabricius_n veienti_fw-la shall_v make_v such_o a_o course_n compliment_n to_o domitian_n that_o he_o shall_v triumph_v over_o a_o man_n dead_a and_o triumph_v over_o once_o already_o by_o claudius_n who_o be_v never_o know_v at_o rome_n by_o any_o other_o name_n than_o caractacus_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v by_o which_o he_o be_v so_o famous_a for_o his_o long_a opposition_n to_o the_o roman_n but_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o in_o domitian_n time_n after_o the_o recalling_a agricola_n and_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o salustius_n lucullus_n his_o successor_n the_o britain_n take_v up_o arm_n under_o arviragus_n and_o the_o 583._o learned_a primate_n of_o armagh_n mention_n a_o old_a british_a coin_n in_o sir_n r._n cotton_n collection_n with_o these_o letter_n on_o it_o arivog_n from_o whence_o he_o think_v his_o true_a name_n be_v arivogus_fw-la which_o the_o roman_n turn_v to_o arviragus_n and_o the_o old_a scholiast_n there_o say_v that_o be_v not_o his_o true_a name_n the_o britain_n be_v now_o up_o in_o arm_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v learn_v be_v not_o repress_v till_o hadrian_n come_v over_o in_o person_n and_o build_v the_o first_o wall_n to_o keep_v they_o out_o of_o the_o roman_a province_n for_o before_o this_o hadriano_n spartianus_n say_v the_o britain_n can_v not_o be_v keep_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o roman_a power_n so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o fit_a season_n in_o domitian_n time_n agricola_n be_v recall_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o domitian_n reign_n for_o such_o a_o king_n as_o arviragus_n to_o appear_v in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o it_o be_v then_o a_o suitable_a compliment_n to_o he_o to_o wish_v he_o a_o triumph_n over_o arviragus_n but_o 7._o alford_n say_v that_o claudius_n send_v caractacus_n home_o again_o and_o after_o many_o year_n he_o die_v in_o peace_n be_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o roman_n how_o then_o come_v tacitus_n to_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o he_o as_o he_o do_v of_o cogidunus_n be_v it_o probable_a the_o roman_n will_v restore_v so_o subtle_a and_o dangerous_a a_o enemy_n as_o caractacus_n have_v be_v to_o they_o cogidunus_n have_v be_v always_o faithful_a to_o they_o but_o caractacus_n a_o open_a enemy_n and_o the_o silures_n still_o in_o be_v over_o who_o he_o command_v and_o not_o over_o the_o belgae_n as_o he_o must_v have_v do_v if_o he_o be_v the_o arviragus_n who_o give_v the_o hide_n of_o land_n to_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n and_o his_o companion_n these_o thing_n i_o have_v here_o put_v together_o to_o show_v for_o what_o reason_n i_o decline_v the_o tradition_n of_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n come_n hither_o to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n and_o although_o they_o may_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o convince_v other_o yet_o i_o hope_v they_o may_v serve_v to_o clear_v i_o from_o unexcusable_a partiality_n which_o 9_o mr._n cressy_a charge_n on_o all_o who_o call_v this_o tradition_n into_o question_n 2._o but_o notwithstanding_o i_o hope_v to_o make_v it_o appear_v from_o very_o good_a and_o sufficient_a evidence_n that_o there_o be_v a_o christian_a church_n plant_v in_o britain_n during_o the_o apostle_n time_n and_o such_o evidence_n ought_v to_o be_v allow_v in_o this_o matter_n which_o be_v build_v on_o the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a and_o credible_a writer_n and_o have_v a_o concurrent_a probability_n of_o circumstance_n i_o shall_v first_o produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a and_o credible_a writer_n for_o it_o be_v a_o excellent_a rule_n of_o 12._o baronius_n in_o such_o case_n that_o no_o testimony_n of_o late_a author_n be_v to_o be_v regard_v concern_v thing_n of_o remote_a antiquity_n which_o be_v not_o support_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a writer_n and_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o force_n of_o the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a writer_n themselves_o according_a to_o their_o ability_n and_o opportunity_n for_o some_o have_v far_o great_a judgement_n than_o other_o some_o have_v great_a care_n about_o these_o matter_n and_o make_v it_o more_o their_o business_n to_o search_v and_o inquire_v into_o they_o and_o some_o have_v great_a advantage_n by_o be_v present_a in_o the_o court_n of_o prince_n or_o council_n of_o bishop_n whereby_o they_o can_v better_o understand_v the_o beginning_n and_o succession_n of_o church_n and_o for_o all_o these_o there_o be_v none_o more_o remarkable_a in_o antiquity_n than_o eusebius_n be_v a_o learned_a and_o inquisitive_a person_n a_o favourite_n of_o constantine_n the_o first_o christian_a emperor_n bear_v and_o proclaim_v emperor_n in_o britain_n one_o present_a at_o the_o council_n at_o nice_a whither_o bishop_n be_v summon_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o one_o that_o have_v a_o particular_a curiosity_n to_o examine_v
the_o persecution_n but_o leave_v the_o law_n in_o force_n upon_o information_n 9_o that_o hadrian_n in_o his_o rescript_n to_o minutius_n fundanus_n proconsul_n of_o asia_n forbid_v a_o general_a persecution_n of_o any_o as_o christian_n 13._o that_o antoninus_n pius_n not_o only_o pursue_v the_o same_o method_n but_o threaten_v severe_a punishment_n to_o all_o informer_n the_o same_o he_o say_v of_o m._n aurelius_n in_o commodus_n his_o time_n 5._o he_o say_v the_o christian_a church_n flourish_v very_o much_o in_o all_o part_n 21._o so_o that_o till_o severus_n his_o edict_n there_o be_v no_o persecution_n by_o virtue_n of_o any_o edict_n of_o the_o emperor_n by_o the_o account_n which_o eusebius_n give_v and_o 3._o lactantius_n hardly_o allow_v any_o persecution_n at_o all_o from_o domitian_n to_o decius_n not_o but_o that_o the_o christian_n suffer_v very_o much_o in_o some_o place_n through_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o violence_n of_o some_o governor_n of_o province_n but_o there_o be_v no_o general_a persecution_n countenance_v by_o the_o emperor_n edict_n and_o therefore_o where_o the_o people_n be_v quiet_a or_o intent_n upon_o other_o thing_n there_o may_v be_v christian_a church_n where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o martyrdom_n as_o those_o of_o lion_n and_o vienna_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o 3._o irenaeus_n mention_n the_o consent_n of_o the_o celtic_a church_n and_o those_o of_o germany_n and_o the_o iberi_n with_o the_o eastern_a and_o libyan_a church_n all_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v restrain_v to_o the_o church_n plant_v among_o the_o celtae_n as_o they_o be_v one_o division_n of_o the_o gaul_n in_o caesar_n time_n or_o whether_o he_o take_v the_o word_n in_o the_o large_a sense_n as_o comprehend_v all_o the_o gaul_n this_o latter_a seem_v much_o more_o probable_a because_o irenaeus_n in_o none_o of_o the_o other_o mention_v by_o he_o take_v any_o particular_a division_n of_o the_o people_n but_o the_o general_a name_n as_o of_o the_o german_n and_o iberi_n and_o why_o not_o then_o the_o celtae_n in_o as_o large_a a_o sense_n since_o 7._o strabo_n crasso_fw-la plutarch_n bell._n appian_n and_o other_o call_v the_o gaul_n in_o general_a by_o the_o name_n of_o celtae_n and_o tertullian_n manifest_o reject_v that_o sense_n of_o celtae_n for_o one_o division_n of_o the_o gaul_n when_o he_o mention_n the_o several_a nation_n of_o the_o gaul_n which_o have_v embrace_v christianity_n but_o i_o will_v not_o insist_v as_o vales._n petrus_n de_fw-fr marca_n do_v that_o tertullian_n by_o the_o galliarum_n diversae_fw-la nationes_fw-la mean_v the_o four_o province_n of_o gaul_n into_o which_o augustus_n do_v distribute_v it_o but_o i_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o limit_v the_o sense_n of_o tertullian_n to_o one_o division_n of_o the_o gaul_n suppose_v the_o different_a nation_n do_v comprehend_v those_o of_o gallia_n cisalpina_n and_o transalpina_n although_o i_o see_v no_o ground_n to_o understand_v tertullian_n so_o 7._o since_o the_o name_n of_o gallia_n cisalpina_n be_v much_o difuse_v especial_o after_o the_o new_a distribution_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o hadrian_n so_o that_o from_o the_o testimony_n of_o irenaeus_n and_o tertullian_n we_o see_v no_o reason_n to_o question_v the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o the_o celtic_a church_n than_o sulpicius_n severus_n intimate_v much_o less_o to_o overthrow_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o britannic_a church_n for_o beside_o this_o testimony_n of_o tertullian_n concern_v the_o british_a church_n we_o have_v another_o of_o 4._o origen_n not_o long_o after_o who_o say_v when_o do_v britain_n before_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n consent_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o one_o god_n which_o imply_v that_o the_o britain_n be_v then_o know_v to_o be_v christian_n and_o by_o be_v so_o be_v bring_v off_o from_o the_o former_a idolatry_n and_o unless_o so_o learn_v a_o man_n as_o origen_n have_v be_v full_o satisfy_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o have_v choice_n enough_o of_o other_o instance_n he_o will_v not_o have_v run_v as_o far_o as_o britain_n to_o bring_v a_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o all_o the_o earth_n do_v praise_v the_o lord_n which_o he_o say_v be_v fulfil_v in_o the_o christian_a church_n disperse_v over_o the_o world_n but_o i_o wonder_v what_o shall_v make_v two_o such_o learned_a antiquary_n as_o 47._o mr._n camden_n and_o 23._o bishop_n godwin_n so_o far_o to_o mistake_v the_o sense_n of_o origen_n to_o understand_v he_o as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v that_o britain_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o druid_n always_o consent_v in_o the_o belief_n of_o one_o god_n whereas_o it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o origen_n speak_v of_o it_o as_o a_o great_a alteration_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o britain_n after_o the_o come_n of_o christ._n and_o origen_n do_v not_o only_o speak_v of_o the_o belief_n but_o of_o the_o worship_n of_o one_o god_n which_o it_o be_v certain_a from_o caesar_n that_o the_o druid_n do_v never_o instruct_v the_o people_n in_o but_o the_o christian_a religion_n alter_v the_o whole_a scheme_n of_o the_o druid_n worship_n and_o instead_o of_o their_o taranis_n and_o hesus_n and_o teutate_n and_o belenus_n and_o andate_fw-it it_o teach_v they_o to_o believe_v and_o worship_v one_o true_a god_n and_o jesus_n christ_n who_o he_o have_v send_v to_o be_v the_o saviour_n of_o the_o world_n who_o power_n 〈…〉_o origen_n say_v elsewhere_o be_v see_v in_o britain_n as_o well_o as_o mauritania_n thus_o far_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o clear_v the_o apostolical_a succession_n of_o the_o british_a church_n which_o those_o have_v render_v more_o doubtful_a who_o have_v derive_v our_o christianity_n from_o king_n lucius_n his_o message_n to_o pope_n eleutherius_fw-la and_o the_o person_n he_o send_v over_o to_o convert_v he_o and_o the_o whole_a nation_n as_o the_o tradition_n go_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n but_o there_o be_v a_o considerable_a difference_n to_o be_v observe_v about_o this_o tradition_n not_o mere_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conversion_n of_o this_o king_n lucius_n of_o which_o 3._o archbishop_n usher_n have_v give_v so_o full_a a_o account_n that_o to_o his_o diligence_n therein_o nothing_o material_a can_v be_v add_v but_o concern_v the_o mean_n and_o manner_n of_o his_o conversion_n and_o the_o person_n employ_v in_o it_o for_o 24._o petrus_n equilinus_fw-la say_v that_o he_o be_v baptize_v by_o timothy_n a_o disciple_n of_o st._n paul_n and_o he_o have_v it_o from_o a_o much_o better_a author_n for_o junii_fw-la notkerus_n balbulus_n say_v that_o king_n lucius_n be_v baptize_v by_o timothy_n not_o the_o timothy_n to_o who_o saint_n paul_n write_v his_o epistle_n but_o the_o brother_n of_o novatus_n who_o name_n be_v extant_a in_o the_o old_a martyrology_n publish_v by_o rosweyd_n 12_o cal._n julii_n who_o be_v both_o say_v 2._o baronius_n son_n to_o pudens_n a_o roman_a senator_n the_o same_o who_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v marry_v to_o claudia_n rufina_n the_o britain_n and_o therefore_o his_o son_n may_v not_o improbable_o be_v employ_v in_o this_o work_n of_o convert_v a_o british_a king_n 6._o nauclerus_fw-la take_v notice_n that_o this_o relation_n agree_v best_a with_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o church_n of_o curia_n a_o note_a city_n of_o rhaetia_n and_o 1._o pantaleon_n call_v lucius_n the_o disciple_n of_o timothy_n out_o of_o the_o annal_n of_o that_o church_n from_o whence_o 6._o marcus_n velserus_n show_v that_o he_o do_v not_o die_v here_o in_o britain_n but_o go_v over_o into_o those_o part_n of_o rhaetia_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n and_o there_o suffer_v martyrdom_n or_o at_o least_o end_v his_o day_n for_o they_o be_v not_o agree_v about_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o death_n 18._o aegidius_n tschudus_n say_v the_o former_a who_o add_v that_o there_o be_v a_o place_n near_o curia_fw-la call_v clivus_o s._n lucii_n still_o and_o 518._o munster_n say_v near_o the_o episcopal_a palace_n there_o be_v monasterium_fw-la sancti_fw-la lucii_n and_o 44._o ferrarius_fw-la in_o his_o new_a topography_n to_o the_o martyrologium_fw-la romanum_fw-la reckon_v king_n lucius_n of_o britain_n one_o of_o the_o martyr_n of_o curia_n which_o the_o german_n call_v chur_n and_o the_o italian_n choira_n and_o the_o dec._n roman_a martyrology_n say_v that_o there_o his_o memory_n be_v still_o observe_v junii_fw-la notkerus_n balbulus_n say_v that_o he_o convert_v all_o rhaetia_n and_o part_n of_o bavaria_n if_o so_o they_o have_v great_a reason_n to_o preserve_v his_o memory_n and_o the_o british_a church_n on_o the_o account_n of_o king_n lucius_n his_o convert_v their_o country_n have_v as_o much_o right_a to_o challenge_v superiority_n over_o bavaria_n and_o rhaetia_n as_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n have_v over_o the_o british_a church_n on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o conversion_n of_o lucius_n by_o eleutherius_fw-la if_o this_o tradition_n
first_o settle_v of_o the_o scot_n in_o britain_n to_o be_v that_o under_o reuda_n 11._o but_o he_o mention_n their_o annal_n for_o fergus_n the_o son_n of_o ferchard_n before_o reuda_n and_o rether_o and_o ryddesdale_n as_o it_o be_v in_o fordon_n but_o he_o make_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o pict_n scot_n and_o britain_n to_o be_v distinct_a in_o caesar_n time_n and_o that_o they_o all_o join_v against_o he_o and_o so_o relate_v fordon'_v story_n to_o the_o time_n of_o fergus_n ii_o but_o between_o the_o two_o ferguss_n he_o make_v but_o 15_o king_n and_o 700_o year_n 1._o hector_n boethius_n before_o he_o begin_v the_o tradition_n of_o gathelus_n very_o ingenuous_o confess_v that_o their_o nation_n follow_v the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n therein_o make_v themselves_o the_o offspring_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o egyptian_n and_o so_o he_o tell_v all_o the_o story_n from_o gathelus_n as_o fordon_n have_v do_v only_o here_o and_o there_o make_v addition_n and_o embellishment_n of_o his_o own_o as_o when_o he_o derive_v the_o brigantes_n from_o brigantia_n in_o spain_n when_o he_o set_v down_o the_o deliberation_n about_o the_o form_n of_o government_n upon_o fergus_n his_o come_n to_o scotland_n and_o the_o speech_n of_o fergus_n and_o the_o king_n of_o the_o pict_n the_o death_n of_o coilus_n king_n of_o the_o britain_n the_o enter_v the_o fundamental_a contract_n of_o the_o scot_n with_o the_o posterity_n of_o fergus_n in_o marble_n table_n in_o the_o way_n of_o hieroglyphic_n the_o agrarian_a law_n and_o partition_n make_v by_o seven_o and_o the_o division_n of_o the_o tribe_n the_o bring_v the_o silures_n ordovices_n camelodunum_n as_o well_o as_o the_o brigantes_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o scotland_n these_o be_v the_o proper_a invention_n of_o hector_n unless_o he_o have_v they_o from_o his_o spaniard_n veremundus_n which_o no_o one_o can_v tell_v but_o himself_o thence_o leland_n and_o fin_n lluyd_v charge_v he_o with_o innumerable_a falsehood_n 175._o dempster_n confess_v that_o buchanan_n frequent_o chastise_v he_o but_o he_o will_v have_v it_o rather_o on_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n than_o learning_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o own_v he_o mistake_v and_o fin_n vanity_n only_o he_o charge_v lluyd_v with_o as_o great_a on_o behalf_n of_o the_o britain_n in_o the_o second_o book_n hector_n enlarge_v more_o for_o 12._o fordon_n pass_v on_o from_o fergus_n to_o rether_o or_o bede'_v reuda_n have_v nothing_o to_o say_v but_o hector_n acquaint_v we_o with_o the_o contest_v about_o the_o regency_n upon_o fergus_n his_o death_n and_o the_o law_n then_o make_v concern_v it_o the_o attempt_n of_o resignation_n of_o feritharis_n to_o ferlegus_n the_o son_n of_o fergus_n and_o his_o imprisonment_n upon_o it_o the_o death_n of_o feritharis_n after_o fifteen_o year_n reign_n the_o flight_n of_o ferlegus_n into_o britain_n with_o the_o choice_n of_o main_n his_o young_a brother_n to_o be_v king_n his_o good_a government_n and_o annual_a progress_n for_o justice_n through_o all_o place_n of_o his_o dominion_n his_o appoint_v circle_n of_o great_a stone_n for_o temple_n and_o one_o in_o the_o middle_n for_o the_o altar_n and_o the_o monthly_a worship_n of_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o several_a egyptian_a sacrifice_n which_o one_o will_v have_v think_v have_v be_v more_o proper_a for_o gathelus_n himself_o with_o the_o succession_n of_o his_o son_n dornadil_n his_o make_v the_o law_n of_o hunt_v which_o be_v still_o observe_v there_o and_o of_o his_o brother_n nothatus_n his_o son_n reuther_n be_v a_o infant_n who_o come_v in_o by_o the_o law_n of_o regency_n say_v hector_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o people_n say_v buchanan_n but_o in_o truth_n by_o neither_o for_o all_o this_o succession_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o product_n of_o hector_n fruitful_a invention_n which_o buchanan_n follow_v without_o authority_n as_o he_o do_v in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o that_o race_n of_o king_n 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the_o time_n of_o josina_n and_o their_o preach_v against_o the_o egyptian_a worship_n in_o scotland_n but_o lesly_n have_v it_o and_o if_o buchanan_n have_v believe_v it_o he_o will_v have_v set_v it_o down_o as_o well_o as_o josina_n bring_v physic_n and_o chirurgery_n into_o so_o much_o request_n that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o noble_a man_n that_o can_v not_o practice_v the_o latter_a and_o yet_o hector_n declare_v immediate_o after_o the_o story_n of_o the_o philosopher_n that_o hitherto_o he_o have_v follow_v veremundus_n john_n campbell_n and_o cornelius_n hibernitus_fw-la the_o most_o approve_a author_n of_o their_o history_n it_o will_v have_v be_v some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o world_n if_o any_o other_o person_n have_v see_v these_o author_n beside_o fordon_n never_o mention_n they_o and_o yet_o he_o use_v great_a diligence_n to_o search_v their_o antiquity_n and_o if_o 6._o dempster_n may_v be_v believe_v have_v the_o sight_n of_o their_o most_o ancient_a mss._n buchanan_n pass_v they_o over_o dempster_n name_v they_o on_o the_o authority_n of_o hector_n what_o become_v of_o these_o great_a author_n after_o hector_n time_n do_v he_o destroy_v they_o as_o some_o say_v polydore_v virgil_n do_v some_o of_o we_o after_o he_o have_v use_v they_o but_o this_o be_v madness_n to_o quote_v their_o authority_n and_o destroy_v the_o author_n for_o these_o be_v his_o voucher_n which_o ought_v most_o careful_o to_o have_v be_v preserve_v and_o in_o truth_n hector_n himself_o give_v no_o very_a consistent_a account_n of_o his_o author_n for_o in_o his_o epistle_n to_o james_n 5._o he_o mention_n veremundus_n archdeacon_n of_o st._n andrew_n who_o deduce_v the_o scotish_n history_n from_o the_o original_a to_o malcolm_n iii_o and_o turgott_n bishop_n of_o st._n andrew_n and_o john_n campbell_n which_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o island_n jona_n to_o who_o he_o add_v a_o anonymous_n author_n and_o the_o imperfect_a history_n of_o william_n elphinston_n bishop_n of_o aberdeen_n but_o say_v he_o if_o any_o ask_v such_o a_o material_a question_n how_o come_v these_o author_n to_o be_v see_v no_o where_o else_o he_o answer_v that_o edw._n i._n destroy_v all_o their_o monument_n of_o antiquity_n so_o that_o have_v not_o those_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o island_n jona_n with_o the_o chest_n of_o book_n which_o fergus_n ii_o bring_v from_o the_o sack_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o time_n of_o alaric_n they_o have_v be_v able_a to_o give_v no_o account_n of_o their_o antiquity_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o hector_n never_o see_v or_o hear_v of_o any_o ancient_a author_n of_o their_o history_n but_o such_o as_o be_v convey_v to_o he_o from_o the_o island_n jona._n but_o in_o his_o 118._o seven_o book_n where_o he_o give_v a_o more_o particular_a account_n of_o those_o book_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o he_o from_o thence_o he_o only_o mention_n some_o break_a fragment_n of_o latin_a author_n but_o who_o they_o be_v where_o write_a whence_o they_o come_v he_o know_v not_o and_o as_o to_o their_o own_o history_n he_o name_v indeed_o veremundus_n and_o elphinston_n and_o no_o more_o the_o latter_a he_o say_v before_o be_v imperfect_a and_o late_o do_v so_o that_o the_o whole_a credit_n of_o hector_n antiquity_n rest_v entire_o upon_o veremundus_n for_o here_o he_o never_o take_v notice_n of_o campbell_n or_o cornelius_n hibernicus_n but_o he_o say_v edw._n i._n have_v destroy_v all_o their_o antiquity_n but_o such_o as_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o island_n jona_n or_o hy._n and_o be_v this_o now_o a_o good_a foundation_n to_o build_v a_o history_n upon_o for_o be_v it_o not_o very_o strange_a that_o no_o one_o copy_n of_o veremundus_n shall_v be_v hear_v of_o since_o that_o time_n when_o there_o be_v several_a of_o fordon_n not_o only_o there_o but_o in_o our_o library_n some_o with_o the_o inlargement_n and_o some_o without_o but_o if_o our_o king_n
the_o county_n of_o longford_n which_o he_o deduce_v to_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1405._o the_o annal_n of_o ulster_n by_o one_o maguir_n canon_n of_o armach_n deduce_v to_o his_o own_o time_n who_o die_v an._n dom._n 1498._o and_o the_o annal_n of_o dungall_n compose_v by_o four_o modern_a author_n out_o of_o all_o their_o former_a annal_n but_o among_o all_o these_o there_o be_v nothing_o pretend_v to_o antiquity_n but_o the_o psalter_n of_o cashel_n and_o tigernacus_n yet_o the_o psalter_n of_o cashel_n fall_v short_a of_o the_o time_n of_o nennius_n for_o cormach_n king_n of_o munster_n the_o suppose_a author_n of_o it_o live_v after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n be_v kill_v by_o flanmhac_n siona_n call_v flannus_fw-la siuna_fw-la by_o 78._o gratianus_n lucius_n who_o die_v an._n dom._n 914._o or_o as_o sir_n james_n 26._o ware_n think_v an._n dom._n 916._o and_o for_o tigernacus_n his_o annal_n the_o four_o magistri_fw-la as_o colgunus_fw-la call_v they_o or_o the_o annal_n of_o dungall_n be_v positive_a that_o tigernacus_n o_o braion_n the_o author_n of_o they_o die_v 108._o in_o the_o eleven_o century_n an._n dom._n 1088._o there_o remain_v only_o the_o psaltuir_n naran_a write_v by_o aonghais_n ceile_v de_fw-fr or_o by_o aengusius_fw-la one_o of_o the_o culdee_n who_o live_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o eight_o century_n as_o the_o same_o irish_a antiquary_n confess_v 8_o who_o withal_o say_v that_o all_o the_o work_v contain_v therein_o relate_v only_o to_o matter_n of_o piety_n and_o devotion_n 579.582_o which_o therefore_o can_v signify_v nothing_o to_o our_o purpose_n so_o that_o nothing_o appear_v of_o the_o irish_a antiquity_n which_o can_v pretend_v to_o be_v write_v before_o the_o danish_a invasion_n and_o although_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o these_o annal_n be_v take_v out_o of_o other_o more_o ancient_a yet_o we_o have_v bare_o their_o word_n for_o it_o for_o those_o ancient_a annal_n whatever_o they_o be_v be_v irrecoverable_o lose_v so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o comparison_n of_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o how_o can_v they_o be_v so_o certain_a of_o the_o exactness_n use_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o tarach_n to_o preserve_v their_o annal_n if_o there_o be_v no_o ancient_a annal_n to_o preserve_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o proceed_n at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v a_o very_a extraordinary_a care_n for_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n to_o preserve_v their_o annal_n if_o we_o can_v be_v assure_v of_o it_o which_o do_v much_o exceed_v the_o library_n of_o antiquity_n which_o 4._o suffridus_n petrus_n speak_v of_o set_v up_o as_o he_o say_v by_o friso_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o frisian_n at_o stavera_n near_o the_o temple_n of_o stavo_n in_o which_o not_o only_o the_o ancient_a record_n be_v preserve_v from_o time_n to_o time_n but_o the_o picture_n of_o the_o several_a prince_n with_o the_o time_n of_o their_o reign_n from_o an._n 313._o before_o christ_n be_v come_v to_o charlemagn_v time_n the_o like_a whereof_o he_o say_v no_o german_a nation_n can_v boast_v of_o but_o yet_o methinks_v the_o posterity_n of_o gathelus_n exceed_v that_o of_o friso_n in_o the_o care_n of_o preserve_v their_o antiquity_n for_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v concern_v in_o it_o but_o i_o never_o read_v of_o any_o who_o ever_o see_v this_o library_n of_o antiquity_n at_o stavera_n but_o we_o must_v believe_v cappidus_fw-la staverensis_fw-la and_o occa_fw-la scarlensis_n as_o to_o these_o thing_n and_o that_o they_o see_v the_o record_n as_o hector_n do_v veremundus_n although_o none_o else_o ever_o do_v but_o as_o to_o this_o parliament_n of_o tarach_n which_o be_v careful_a to_o preserve_v the_o irish_a antiquity_n whence_o have_v we_o this_o information_n be_v the_o act_n of_o that_o assembly_n preserve_v be_v any_o copy_n of_o those_o annal_n still_o in_o be_v yes_o we_o 47._o be_v tell_v that_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o original_a book_n be_v entrust_v by_o the_o estate_n to_o the_o prelate_n and_o those_o prelate_n for_o its_o perpetual_a preservation_n cause_v several_a authentic_a copy_n of_o it_o to_o be_v fair_o engross_v whereof_o some_o be_v extant_a to_o this_o day_n and_o several_a more_o faithful_o transcribe_v out_o of_o they_o their_o name_n be_v the_o book_n of_o ardmach_n the_o psalter_n of_o cashel_n etc._n etc._n it_o seem_v then_o these_o be_v the_o transcript_n of_o the_o original_a authentic_a book_n allow_v by_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o the_o book_n of_o ardmach_n be_v a_o late_a thing_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o annal_n of_o ulster_n compose_v by_o a_o canon_n of_o armach_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a rest_n upon_o the_o psalter_n of_o cashel_n which_o must_v be_v compose_v 500_o year_n after_o the_o meeting_n of_o that_o famous_a assembly_n for_o st._n patrick_n be_v one_o of_o the_o number_n and_o it_o be_v do_v in_o the_o time_n of_o laogirius_n or_o leogarius_n king_n of_o ireland_n who_o die_v say_v 73._o gratianus_n lucius_n an._n dom._n 458._o but_o king_n cormach_n live_v in_o the_o ten_o century_n and_o therefore_o a_o account_n must_v be_v give_v how_o this_o original_a book_n or_o authentic_a copy_n be_v preserve_v for_o that_o 500_o year_n and_o more_o in_o the_o miserable_a condition_n that_o nation_n be_v in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o time_n so_o that_o the_o difference_n be_v not_o so_o great_a between_o the_o authority_n of_o geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n and_o these_o annal_n as_o be_v pretend_v for_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o story_n of_o brutus_n shall_v be_v think_v more_o incredible_a than_o that_o of_o ciocal_a bartholanus_n and_o nemedus_n with_o his_o son_n briotan_n that_o give_v the_o name_n to_o britain_n and_o especial_o the_o story_n of_o gathelus_n himself_o his_o marriage_n in_o egypt_n to_o scota_n come_v to_o spain_n and_o thence_o his_o posterity_n to_o ireland_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v make_v in_o imitation_n of_o geffrey_n brutus_n for_o brutus_n marry_v pandrasus_n his_o daughter_n the_o king_n of_o greece_n and_o then_o be_v force_v to_o seek_v his_o fortune_n at_o sea_n and_o pass_v by_o mauritania_n just_a as_o gathelus_n do_v the_o one_o land_v in_o gaul_n and_o come_v for_o albion_n and_o the_o other_o in_o spain_n and_o send_v his_o son_n for_o ireland_n and_o i_o wonder_v to_o find_v 7._o brutus_n his_o giant_n in_o albion_n of_o so_o much_o large_a proportion_n than_o the_o giant_n in_o ireland_n who_o be_v say_v not_o to_o exceed_v the_o tall_a growth_n of_o man_n for_o i_o have_v think_v giant_n have_v be_v giant_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n 347._o suppose_v some_o learned_a man_n have_v question_v whether_o there_o be_v such_o a_o person_n as_o brute_n i_o shall_v think_v it_o no_o more_o heresy_n than_o to_o call_v in_o question_n whether_o there_o be_v such_o person_n as_o ciocal_a bartholanus_n briotan_n or_o gathelus_n if_o the_o silence_n of_o good_a author_n the_o distance_n of_o time_n and_o want_v of_o ancient_a annal_n complain_v of_o make_v the_o history_n of_o brutus_n so_o hard_o to_o be_v believe_v i_o only_o desire_v that_o these_o irish_a tradition_n may_v be_v examine_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n and_o then_o i_o believe_v the_o irish_a antiquity_n will_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o same_o form_n with_o the_o british_a only_a geffrey_n have_v not_o so_o lucky_a a_o invention_n as_o to_o have_v his_o history_n confirm_v by_o parliament_n for_o if_o he_o have_v but_o think_v of_o it_o he_o can_v have_v make_v as_o general_a a_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n at_o lud_n town_n and_o as_o select_v a_o committee_n of_o nine_o as_o ever_o be_v at_o tarach_n but_o all_o man_n invention_n do_v not_o lie_v the_o same_o way_n and_o in_o this_o i_o confess_v kete_v or_o his_o author_n have_v very_o much_o exceed_v geffrey_n and_o his_o british_n ms._n and_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o can_v see_v that_o the_o irish_a chronologer_n and_o historian_n have_v so_o much_o more_o probability_n in_o their_o story_n of_o briotan_n than_o the_o british_a writer_n have_v in_o the_o tradition_n of_o brute_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o be_v not_o original_o the_o invention_n of_o geffrey_n only_o he_o may_v use_v some_o art_n in_o set_v it_o off_o as_o he_o think_v with_o great_a advantage_n than_o the_o britain_n have_v do_v before_o he_o but_o still_o we_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o irish_a monument_n in_o the_o psalter_n of_o cashel_n write_v 800_o year_n since_o by_o the_o holy_a cormach_n both_o king_n and_o bishop_n of_o munster_n let_v we_o then_o for_o once_o examine_v one_o part_n of_o the_o history_n take_v from_o thence_o and_o then_o leave_v the_o reader_n to_o judge_v whether_o it_o deserve_v so_o much_o more_o credit_n than_o the_o british_a antiquity_n
empire_n will_v not_o seem_v to_o come_v behind_o they_o in_o this_o so_o 1._o hunibaldus_n give_v as_o formal_a a_o account_n of_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o frank_n from_o antenor_n and_o as_o good_a a_o succession_n of_o their_o king_n down_o from_o he_o with_o the_o particular_a name_n of_o person_n and_o the_o time_n of_o their_o reign_n as_o either_o geffrey_n do_v of_o the_o british_a king_n from_o brutus_n or_o hector_n of_o the_o scot_n from_o fergus_n or_o the_o irish_a annal_n from_o gathelus_n or_o heremon_n and_o that_o this_o be_v no_o late_a invention_n appear_v from_o hence_o that_o aimoinus_n ado_n viennensis_n abbas_n vrspergensis_n rorico_fw-la gaguinus_fw-la aeneas_n silvius_n and_o other_o agree_v with_o hunibaldus_n in_o the_o substance_n of_o his_o story_n and_o francor_n vignier_n mention_n several_a diplomata_fw-la of_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o the_o frank_n to_o prove_v the_o authenticness_n of_o this_o tradition_n and_o it_o be_v less_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o that_o the_o britain_n shall_v pretend_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o trojan_n because_o of_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o they_o together_o while_o britain_n continue_v so_o long_a a_o roman_a province_n from_o whence_o i_o suppose_v the_o first_o occasion_n be_v take_v which_o continue_v as_o a_o tradition_n among_o the_o britain_n for_o a_o long_a time_n before_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o such_o a_o history_n as_o we_o find_v in_o geffrey_n that_o the_o tradition_n itself_o be_v elder_a than_o his_o time_n be_v certain_a for_o even_o those_o who_o despise_v geffrey_n embrace_v it_o as_o appear_v by_o 7._o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n this_o tradition_n be_v know_v as_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o saxon_a poet_n mention_v by_o 25._o abr._n whelock_n but_o nennius_n his_o ms._n put_v it_o out_o of_o dispute_n that_o there_o be_v then_o a_o tradition_n about_o the_o britain_n come_v from_o brute_n but_o he_o can_v not_o tell_v what_o to_o make_v of_o this_o brute_n sometime_o he_o be_v brito_n the_o son_n of_o ysition_n the_o son_n of_o alan_n of_o the_o posterity_n of_o japhet_n and_o for_o this_o he_o quote_v the_o 13._o tradition_n of_o his_o ancestor_n but_o this_o be_v uncapable_a of_o much_o improvement_n or_o evidence_n he_o than_o run_v to_o brutus_n the_o roman_a and_o sometime_o it_o be_v brutus_n the_o consul_n but_o that_o not_o suit_v so_o well_o he_o than_o produce_v the_o story_n of_o aeneas_n and_o ascanius_n and_o silvius_n and_o the_o prediction_n of_o the_o magician_n 3._o that_o his_o son_n shall_v kill_v his_o father_n and_o mother_n she_o die_v in_o labour_n and_o his_o father_n be_v kill_v by_o he_o by_o chance_n however_o he_o be_v banish_v from_o italy_n into_o greece_n and_o from_o thence_o again_o banish_v and_o so_o come_v into_o gaul_n and_o there_o build_v tours_n have_v its_o name_n from_o one_o of_o his_o companion_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o come_v for_o britain_n which_o take_v its_o name_n from_o he_o and_o he_o fill_v it_o with_o his_o progeny_n which_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n so_o that_o here_o we_o have_v the_o foundation_n of_o geffrey_n history_n lay_v long_o before_o his_o time_n and_o nennius_n his_o account_n be_v mention_v by_o 1._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n under_o the_o name_n of_o gesta_fw-la britonum_fw-la and_o follow_v by_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n and_o turgott_n or_o simeon_n dunelmensis_n but_o when_o geffrey_n book_n come_v abroad_o it_o be_v so_o improve_v and_o adorn_v with_o particular_n not_o elsewhere_o to_o be_v find_v that_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o monkish_a historian_n not_o only_o follow_v but_o admire_v it_o and_o pity_v those_o that_o have_v not_o see_v it_o as_o they_o suppose_v as_o 48._o ranulphus_fw-la cestrensis_fw-la do_v william_n of_o malmsbury_n but_o there_o be_v some_o cross-grained_n writer_n who_o call_v it_o a_o imposture_n as_o gul._n newburgensis_n or_o a_o poetical_a figment_n as_o john_n whethamsted_n but_o these_o be_v but_o few_o in_o comparison_n with_o those_o who_o be_v better_o please_v with_o the_o particular_n of_o a_o legend_n than_o the_o dryness_n of_o a_o true_a history_n but_o this_o humour_n be_v not_o peculiar_a to_o the_o frank_n and_o britain_n for_o the_o saxon_n derive_v 1._o themselves_o from_o the_o macedonian_a army_n of_o alexander_n which_o have_v three_o captain_n say_v 5._o suffridus_n petrus_n saxo_n friso_n and_o bruno_n from_o who_o be_v descend_v the_o saxon_n frisian_n and_o those_o of_o brunswick_n and_o 51â—_n abbas_n stadensis_n add_v that_o not_o only_o the_o saxon_n but_o those_o of_o prussia_n rugia_n and_o holstein_n come_v from_o they_o 11._o gobelinus_n persona_fw-la relate_v the_o particular_n as_o exact_o as_o geffrey_n or_o hector_n or_o the_o irish_a annal_n do_v how_o they_o be_v leave_v on_o the_o caspian_a mountain_n and_o wander_v up_o and_o down_o just_a as_o brutus_n and_o gathelus_n do_v till_o they_o settle_v in_o prussia_n rugen_n and_o saxony_n the_o dane_n say_v 1._o dudo_n s._n quintin_n derive_v themselves_o from_o the_o danai_n the_o 7._o prussian_n from_o prusias_n king_n of_o bythinia_n who_o bring_v the_o greek_n along_o with_o he_o only_o the_o scot_n and_o irish_a have_v the_o wit_n to_o derive_v themselves_o from_o the_o greek_n and_o egyptian_n together_o we_o be_v now_o to_o sit_v down_o and_o consider_v what_o be_v to_o be_v say_v to_o all_o these_o glorious_a pretence_n must_v they_o be_v all_o allow_v for_o good_a and_o true_a history_n if_o not_o what_o mark_n of_o distinction_n can_v we_o set_v between_o they_o they_o all_o pretend_v to_o such_o founder_n as_o come_v afar_o off_o wander_v from_o place_n to_o place_n consult_v oracle_n build_v city_n found_v kingdom_n and_o draw_v their_o succession_n from_o many_o age_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v unreasonable_a to_o allow_v none_o but_o our_o own_o and_o yet_o these_o antiquity_n will_v hardly_o pass_v any_o where_n but_o with_o their_o own_o nation_n and_o hardly_o with_o those_o of_o any_o judgement_n in_o any_o of_o they_o but_o when_o all_o this_o be_v say_v every_o one_o will_v believe_v as_o he_o please_v but_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o believe_v with_o the_o will_n and_o another_o with_o the_o understanding_n to_o return_v now_o to_o the_o irish_a antiquity_n and_o it_o only_o remain_v that_o we_o inquire_v how_o the_o irish_a antiquary_n give_v a_o account_n of_o their_o nation_n come_v into_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n and_o here_o be_v something_o which_o deserve_v consideration_n viz._n that_o they_o 22._o charge_v the_o scotish_n antiquary_n with_o place_v the_o time_n of_o fergus_n i._n 819_o year_n before_o he_o land_v in_o britain_n for_o say_v they_o the_o irish_a monument_n fix_v on_o anno_fw-la dom._n 498._o as_o the_o time_n wherein_o 367._o fergus_n mor_fw-mi the_o son_n of_o erch_n who_o the_o scotish_n writer_n call_v the_o son_n of_o ferchard_n with_o his_o five_o brother_n invade_v the_o north_n of_o britain_n to_o this_o purpose_n they_o produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o tigernacus_n who_o in_o his_o annal_n say_v fergus_n mor_fw-fr mhac_fw-la ercha_fw-la cum_fw-la gente_fw-la dalraida_n partem_fw-la britanniae_fw-la tenuit_fw-la &_o ibi_fw-la mortuus_fw-la est_fw-la this_o he_o write_v about_o the_o begin_n of_o pope_n symmachus_n which_o be_v about_o six_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o st._n patrick_n and_o very_o near_o the_o end_n of_o the_o five_o century_n beside_o another_o irish_a author_n who_o write_v of_o the_o king_n of_o albany_n who_o be_v contemporary_a with_o the_o monarch_n of_o ireland_n reckon_v twenty_o year_n between_o the_o battle_n of_o ocha_n and_o the_o go_n of_o the_o six_o son_n of_o erc_n into_o albany_n and_o the_o annal_n of_o ulster_n place_n the_o battle_n of_o ocha_n a._n d._n 483._o so_o that_o fergus_n his_o come_n into_o scotland_n can_v not_o be_v before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o six_o century_n 73._o gratianus_n lucius_n say_v that_o the_o battle_n of_o ocha_n wherein_o oilliol_n moult_v the_o irish_a monarch_n who_o succeed_v leogarius_n be_v kill_v be_v anno_fw-la dom._n 478_o which_o make_v but_o five_o year_n difference_n far_o say_v they_o the_o scotish_n antiquary_n make_v reuda_n the_o six_o king_n after_o fergus_n whereas_o it_o appear_v by_o their_o annal_n 69._o that_o their_o monarch_n conair_a have_v three_o son_n call_v the_o three_o cairbres_fw-fr and_o the_o three_o 370._o be_v cairbre_n riada_n from_o who_o that_o part_n of_o britain_n be_v call_v dalinea_n riada_n or_o dalinea_n reuda_n but_o conair_a be_v kill_v an._n dom._n 165._o and_o therefore_o this_o 90._o reuda_n must_v be_v 300_o year_n before_o fergus_n the_o old_a ms._n cite_v by_o 707._o camden_n make_v fergus_n to_o be_v descend_v from_o conair_a with_o which_o as_o 611._o archbishop_n usher_n observe_v the_o old_a irish_a genealogy_n agree_v but_o he_o say_v conair_a reign_v anno_fw-la
dom._n 215._o however_o long_o enough_o before_o the_o time_n of_o fergus_n according_a to_o this_o supposition_n that_o part_n of_o scotland_n call_v dalrieta_n 612._o or_o dalreuda_n the_o bound_n whereof_o be_v describe_v by_o the_o learned_a primate_n be_v inhabit_v long_o before_o the_o come_n of_o fergus_n and_o so_o agree_v with_o what_o 1._o bede_n say_v that_o the_o scot_n come_v first_o out_o of_o ireland_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o reuda_n and_o either_o by_o force_n or_o friendship_n find_v habitation_n for_o themselves_o there_o which_o they_o still_o enjoy_v and_o from_o their_o leader_n to_o this_o time_n they_o be_v call_v dalreudim_n daal_n signify_v a_o share_n in_o their_o language_n this_o reuda_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o cairbre_n riada_n the_o three_o son_n of_o conair_a and_o if_o fergus_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o same_o conair_a it_o give_v a_o probable_a account_n of_o fergus_n his_o come_n afterward_o into_o those_o part_n and_o take_v the_o government_n upon_o he_o for_o 93._o kete_v say_v that_o eochac_n mumreamhar_n of_o the_o progeny_n of_o cairbre_n redhfadac_n or_o riada_n have_v two_o son_n earcha_n and_o elchon_n and_o from_o the_o former_a the_o family_n of_o dalinea_n riada_n in_o scotland_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o latter_a those_o of_o dalinea_n riada_n in_o ulster_n which_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o ulster_n dalinea_n riadans_fw-la which_o fergus_n carry_v with_o he_o for_o there_o be_v the_o descendants_n from_o riada_n in_o scotland_n before_o according_a to_o the_o former_a account_n but_o the_o whole_a matter_n about_o the_o reign_n of_o fergus_n remain_v still_o very_o obscure_a for_o 1._o it_o seem_v strange_a that_o bede_n take_v no_o notice_n at_o all_o of_o he_o which_o in_o all_o probability_n he_o will_v have_v do_v as_o well_o as_o of_o reuda_n who_o be_v less_o considerable_a 2._o 137._o jocelin_n in_o the_o life_n of_o st._n patrick_n say_v that_o fergus_n be_v one_o of_o the_o twelve_o son_n of_o the_o king_n of_o dalredia_n and_o be_v exclude_v from_o his_o share_n by_o his_o brethren_n of_o who_o st._n patrick_n prophesy_v that_o from_o he_o king_n shall_v rise_v who_o shall_v not_o only_o reign_v at_o home_n but_o in_o a_o foreign_a country_n after_o which_o say_v he_o fergus_n in_o no_o long_a time_n come_v to_o be_v king_n in_o his_o own_o country_n and_o from_o he_o spring_v eanus_fw-la who_o subdue_v albany_n and_o other_o island_n and_o who_o posterity_n still_o reign_v there_o so_o that_o if_o jocelin_n authority_n be_v good_a fergus_n himself_o never_o come_v into_o scotland_n but_o the_o mistake_n arise_v because_o he_o be_v king_n in_o dalrieda_n which_o the_o scot_n understand_v of_o their_o own_o and_o think_v they_o have_v reason_n because_o the_o posterity_n of_o fergus_n reign_v there_o 3._o 16._o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la who_o have_v a_o sight_n of_o the_o irish_a annal_n never_o mention_n fergus_n but_o only_o say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o nellus_fw-la the_o monarch_n of_o ireland_n six_o son_n of_o mure_v king_n of_o ulster_n sail_v into_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n and_o there_o plant_v themselves_o from_o who_o the_o scotish_n nation_n be_v derive_v this_o nellus_fw-la who_o the_o irish_a call_v niall_a the_o great_a be_v kill_v say_v gratianus_n lucius_n anno_fw-la dom._n 403._o and_o if_o the_o son_n of_o the_o king_n of_o ulster_n come_v then_o over_o to_o plant_v and_o settle_v in_o scotland_n this_o must_v be_v 100_o year_n before_o the_o time_n of_o fergus_n and_o consequent_o he_o can_v be_v none_o of_o that_o number_n and_o yet_o the_o 93._o irish_a annalist_n make_v the_o two_o ferguss_n the_o two_o aenguss_n and_o the_o two_o loarn_n to_o be_v the_o six_o son_n of_o muriedhach_n king_n of_o ulster_n who_o come_v over_o to_o settle_v in_o scotland_n but_o if_o giraldus_n his_o authority_n be_v allow_v the_o scot_n come_v not_o to_o settle_v in_o britain_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o five_o century_n and_o the_o monarchy_n in_o the_o posterity_n of_o fergus_n according_a to_o jocelin_n can_v not_o be_v till_o towards_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o six_o century_n and_o if_o edan_n king_n of_o the_o scot_n in_o bede_n history_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o edan_n in_o jocelin_n who_o descend_v from_o fergus_n then_o the_o scotish_n kingdom_n do_v not_o begin_v till_o the_o seven_o century_n as_o appear_v by_o 34._o bede_n but_o in_o matter_n of_o so_o much_o obscurity_n i_o determine_v nothing_o but_o it_o be_v but_o justice_n to_o consider_v on_o the_o other_o side_n what_o the_o scotish_n antiquary_n do_v now_o plead_v for_o themselves_o to_o prove_v that_o they_o inhabit_v scotland_n long_o before_o this_o time_n first_o they_o say_v 1._o bede_n mention_n they_o as_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o describe_v the_o war_n be_v between_o the_o pict_n scot_n and_o britain_n before_o that_o of_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v very_o true_a that_o bede_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o history_n do_v set_v down_o the_o several_a nation_n which_o inhabit_v britain_n and_o he_o name_v five_o english_a britain_n scot_n pict_n and_o roman_n and_o among_o these_o he_o reckon_v the_o britain_n first_o than_o the_o pict_n after_o they_o the_o scot_n from_o ireland_n under_o reuda_n and_o then_o add_v that_o ireland_n be_v the_o true_a country_n of_o the_o scot_n who_o come_v hither_o make_v a_o three_o nation_n in_o britain_n beside_o the_o britain_n and_o pict_n and_o land_v on_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o frith_n towards_o ireland_n and_o there_o settle_v themselves_o but_o bede_n say_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o the_o time_n when_o the_o scot_n come_v first_o from_o ireland_n and_o it_o be_v of_o no_o force_n that_o he_o reckon_v they_o here_o before_o the_o war_n with_o the_o roman_n for_o so_o he_o do_v the_o english_a as_o well_o as_o the_o scot_n his_o business_n be_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a inhabitant_n and_o not_o mere_o of_o the_o ancient_n haec_fw-la in_o praesenti_fw-la 5_o gentium_fw-la linguis_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o where_o do_v bede_n say_v that_o the_o scot_n be_v in_o britain_n before_o the_o roman_n come_v hither_o i_o can_v find_v so_o much_o as_o a_o intimation_n that_o way_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o britain_n and_o ireland_n and_o their_o ancient_a inhabitant_n and_o do_v not_o bede_n speak_v of_o the_o britain_n as_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n and_o the_o scot_n of_o ireland_n but_o if_o all_o mention_v must_v be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n than_o so_o must_v the_o english_a and_o roman_n be_v as_o well_o as_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n well!_o but_o do_v not_o 5._o bede_n afterward_o say_v that_o severus_n his_o wall_n be_v build_v against_o the_o unconquered_a nation_n beyond_o it_o i_o grant_v it_o if_o he_o have_v say_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n beyond_o it_o the_o controversy_n have_v be_v end_v but_o do_v not_o dio_n explain_v bede_n who_o express_o tell_v we_o these_o nation_n be_v the_o maeatae_n and_o the_o caledonii_n why_o not_o the_o pict_n and_o the_o scot_n if_o then_o in_o britain_n the_o latter_a roman_a writer_n never_o forbear_v call_v they_o by_o their_o own_o name_n when_o they_o know_v they_o to_o be_v here_o as_o appear_v by_o eumenius_n claudian_n and_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n but_o to_o say_v the_o scot_n be_v call_v maeatae_n because_o they_o come_v from_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n will_v hardly_o go_v down_o in_o this_o age._n however_o it_o be_v confident_o affirm_v the_o caledonii_n be_v the_o scot_n let_v this_o one_o thing_n be_v well_o prove_v and_o i_o will_v yield_v the_o scot_n be_v in_o britain_n long_o before_o severus_n his_o time_n for_o tacitus_n mention_n the_o caledonian_n but_o it_o be_v to_o no_o more_o purpose_n to_o quote_v modern_a writer_n who_o call_v the_o caledonian_n scot_n than_o lipsius_n his_o calling_n galgacus_n a_o scotish_n king_n for_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o follow_v any_o modern_a writer_n in_o their_o impropriety_n there_o be_v no_o question_n the_o caledonian_n be_v know_v to_o flaccus_n and_o martial_n who_o certain_o live_v not_o in_o augustus_n his_o time_n unless_o that_o name_n be_v very_o improper_o give_v by_o itself_o to_o domitian_n or_o trajan_n but_o do_v any_o of_o these_o roman_a author_n ever_o tell_v we_o the_o caledonian_n be_v scot_n if_o not_o to_o what_o end_n be_v the_o caledonian_n so_o much_o speak_v of_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v by_o tacitus_n or_o dio_n or_o any_o other_o they_o be_v the_o northern_a britain_n and_o if_o tacitus_n have_v know_v that_o they_o come_v out_o of_o ireland_n and_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n he_o be_v so_o diligent_a and_o
build_v of_o stone_n by_o severus_n and_o account_v one_o of_o the_o great_a work_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n which_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v build_v of_o stone_n anew_o by_o one_o legion_n and_o the_o help_n of_o the_o country_n but_o may_v very_o well_o be_v repair_v and_o make_v desensible_a against_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n we_o may_v now_o think_v that_o the_o britain_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o a_o tolerable_a condition_n to_o defend_v themselves_o but_o assoon_o as_o their_o old_a enemy_n understand_v that_o their_o old_a friend_n have_v forsake_v they_o they_o come_v upon_o they_o with_o a_o great_a force_n and_o violence_n than_o ever_o and_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o poor_a britain_n be_v so_o break_v by_o their_o former_a misery_n that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o withstand_v the_o assault_n of_o their_o enemy_n but_o they_o forsake_v their_o wall_n and_o fort_n and_o flee_v as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v and_o disperse_v themselves_o which_o make_v 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to_o show_v that_o the_o britain_n complaint_n be_v then_o send_v to_o aêtius_n and_o not_o to_o any_o agitius_n or_o aequitius_n as_o some_o imagine_v 11._o fordon_n say_v the_o britain_n send_v to_o agitius_n and_o litorius_n but_o litorius_n some_o year_n before_o be_v beat_v and_o take_v prisoner_n by_o the_o goth_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o fasti_fw-la consulares_fw-la both_o of_o prosper_n and_o cassiodore_n and_o 14._o paulus_n diaconus_fw-la out_o of_o they_o but_o the_o misery_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v still_o increase_v by_o a_o famine_n which_o then_o rage_v which_o be_v not_o peculiar_a to_o britain_n 13._o bede_n say_v that_o there_o be_v then_o a_o famine_n at_o constantinople_n and_o a_o great_a plague_n which_o follow_v it_o which_o consume_v abundance_n both_o of_o man_n and_o beast_n which_o he_o borrow_v from_o marcellinus_n who_o make_v both_o famine_n and_o plague_n to_o break_v out_o the_o very_a year_n aêtius_n and_o symmachus_n be_v consul_n both_o these_o be_v mention_v by_o 6._o euagrius_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o peculiar_a judgement_n on_o the_o britain_n after_o this_o as_o 14._o gildas_n and_o bede_n tell_v we_o find_v their_o case_n almost_o desperate_a the_o britain_n be_v resolve_v to_o sell_v their_o life_n and_o liberty_n as_o dear_a as_o they_o can_v and_o by_o make_v a_o fierce_a assault_n upon_o their_o enemy_n they_o begin_v to_o get_v the_o better_a of_o they_o which_o they_o impute_v to_o their_o trust_v rather_o to_o divine_a assistence_n than_o to_o the_o help_n of_o man_n which_o they_o too_o much_o rely_v upon_o before_o the_o britain_n as_o appear_v afterward_o do_v not_o want_v courage_n but_o exercise_n in_o arm_n be_v keep_v under_o so_o long_o by_o the_o roman_n they_o dare_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v to_o fight_v for_o fear_v of_o be_v destroy_v and_o now_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n can_v not_o infuse_v new_a spirit_n into_o they_o but_o their_o own_o misery_n at_o last_o rouse_v and_o awaken_v they_o to_o that_o degree_n that_o they_o make_v their_o enemy_n quiet_a for_o some_o time_n and_o the_o irish_a robber_n say_v gildas_n return_v home_o intend_v to_o return_v short_o and_o the_o pict_n in_o the_o far_a part_n of_o the_o island_n lie_v still_o only_o sometime_o make_v excursion_n this_o be_v a_o considerable_a passage_n in_o gildas_n which_o show_v that_o even_o then_o the_o scot_n who_o he_o call_v irish_a robber_n be_v not_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o part_n of_o britain_n for_o he_o call_v ireland_n their_o home_n as_o before_o he_o say_v upon_o the_o second_o devastation_n as_o the_o margin_n of_o joselin_n gildas_n have_v it_o that_o they_o come_v in_o their_o currogh_n over_o the_o scythian_a vale_n so_o he_o call_v the_o irish_a sea_n as_o nennius_n call_v the_o scot_n scytae_fw-la but_o if_o they_o have_v then_o inhabit_v in_o britain_n there_o have_v be_v no_o use_n of_o currogh_n to_o convey_v they_o over_o and_o this_o have_v be_v their_o proper_a home_n 10._o fordon_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v aware_a of_o this_o objection_n and_o therefore_o say_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n take_v the_o irish_a in_o to_o their_o assistence_n but_o gildas_n take_v notice_n of_o no_o other_o scot_n than_o those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o ireland_n and_o return_v back_o again_o 41._o buchanan_n say_v that_o upon_o the_o success_n of_o grime_n against_o the_o britain_n many_o stranger_n come_v in_o to_o the_o scot_n assistence_n and_o have_v their_o share_n allow_v they_o in_o the_o conquer_a land_n but_o he_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o gildas_n or_o bede_n say_v that_o those_o very_a people_n who_o fight_v with_o the_o britain_n return_v home_o to_o ireland_n and_o the_o pict_n be_v quiet_a in_o the_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o island_n where_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o three_o sort_n of_o people_n call_v the_o scot_n in_o britain_n but_o 3._o dempster_n undertake_v from_o 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from_o the_o british_a arthur_n which_o signify_v a_o bear_n this_o be_v a_o ingenious_a conjecture_n but_o we_o be_v not_o so_o sure_o there_o ever_o be_v such_o a_o king_n as_o uther_n as_o we_o be_v from_o gildas_n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o ambrose_n but_o gildas_n say_v that_o some_o of_o the_o race_n of_o ambrose_n be_v live_v in_o his_o time_n therefore_o he_o die_v not_o without_o issue_n as_o the_o british_a history_n suppose_v and_o this_o may_v probable_o be_v his_o son_n who_o be_v slay_v in_o this_o battle_n but_o what_o then_o be_v to_o be_v say_v to_o king_n arthur_n who_o be_v son_n to_o uther_n and_o succeed_v he_o who_o mighty_a feat_n be_v so_o ample_o relate_v by_o the_o british_a history_n i_o think_v both_o sort_n be_v to_o blame_v about_o he_o i_o mean_v those_o who_o tell_v incredible_a tale_n of_o he_o such_o as_o be_v utter_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o british_a affair_n at_o that_o time_n and_o those_o who_o deny_v there_o be_v any_o such_o person_n or_o of_o any_o considerable_a power_n among_o the_o britain_n william_n of_o malmsbury_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o british_a fable_n about_o he_o and_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o make_v a_o severe_a reflection_n upon_o geffrey_n history_n without_o name_v it_o when_o he_o say_v hic_fw-la est_fw-la arthurus_n de_fw-fr quo_fw-la britonum_fw-la nugae_fw-la bodiéque_fw-la delirant_fw-la but_o he_o wish_v a_o true_a account_n have_v be_v give_v of_o he_o for_o he_o be_v the_o support_n of_o his_o country_n for_o a_o long_a time_n who_o sharpen_v the_o break_a spirit_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o make_v they_o warlike_a but_o after_o all_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v he_o to_o have_v be_v monarch_n in_o britain_n but_o only_o the_o general_n under_o ambrose_n and_o in_o all_o this_o william_n keep_v close_o to_o nennius_n for_o nennius_n speak_v of_o the_o war_n between_o the_o british_a king_n and_o the_o saxon_n say_v of_o arthur_n ipse_fw-la dux_n erat_fw-la bellorum_fw-la although_o he_o exceed_v the_o bound_n of_o truth_n in_o the_o next_o word_n &_o in_o omnibus_fw-la bellis_fw-la victor_n extitit_fw-la he_o come_v off_o always_o conqueror_n if_o this_o have_v be_v true_a the_o saxon_n can_v never_o have_v keep_v foot_v in_o england_n i_o will_v allow_v the_o saxon_a annal_n to_o be_v partial_a in_o not_o recount_v their_o loss_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o suppose_v that_o the_o saxon_n shall_v be_v always_o beat_v and_o yet_o always_o get_v ground_n even_o in_o arthur_n day_n for_o after_o the_o great_a battle_n wherein_o nathanleod_n be_v kill_v the_o only_a british_a king_n mention_v in_o the_o saxon_a annal_n cerdic_n two_o nephew_n stuff_v and_o witgar_n land_v upon_o cerdicshore_o which_o 514._o matt._n westminster_n here_o place_n on_o the_o western_a coast_n and_o not_o on_o the_o eastern_a as_o camden_n do_v which_o seem_v more_o probable_a because_o they_o come_v with_o supply_n to_o cerdic_n their_o uncle_n but_o all_o agree_v that_o as_o they_o fight_v upon_o their_o land_n they_o have_v the_o better_a of_o the_o britain_n huntingdon_n say_v it_o be_v such_o a_o victory_n as_o lay_v open_v the_o country_n to_o they_o the_o force_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v scatter_v god_n have_v cast_v they_o off_o where_o be_v arthur_n at_o this_o time_n again_o five_o year_n after_o say_v ethelwerd_v cerdic_n and_o cenric_n come_v the_o second_o time_n to_o cerdicsford_n and_o there_o fight_v the_o britain_n the_o saxon_n annal_n say_v nothing_o of_o the_o victory_n but_o florentius_n give_v it_o to_o the_o saxon_n and_o so_o do_v huntingdon_n who_o say_v the_o britain_n have_v a_o terrible_a blow_n that_o day_n and_o as_o a_o evidence_n of_o the_o saxon_n conquest_n ethelwerd_n say_v that_o year_n cerdic_n begin_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n from_o that_o very_a day_n say_v huntingdon_n anno_fw-la dom._n 519._o here_o matt._n westminster_n be_v so_o hard_o put_v to_o it_o that_o take_v in_o king_n arthur_n at_o anno_fw-la dom._n 516._o he_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v out_o this_o battle_n and_o to_o tell_v geffrey_n story_n of_o king_n arthur_n beat_v the_o saxon_n in_o the_o north_n about_o york_n and_o lincoln_n and_o drive_v they_o as_o far_o as_o the_o caledonian_n wood_n and_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o kerdic_n set_v up_o a_o kingdom_n in_o the_o west_n but_o the_o follow_a year_n anno_fw-la dom._n 520._o he_o bring_v colgrin_n badulph_n and_o cheldric_n to_o totnes_n with_o new_a force_n with_o which_o they_o besiege_v bath_n and_o then_o arthur_n with_o his_o caliborn_n do_v incredible_a execution_n for_o he_o say_v he_o kill_v 840_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o so_o total_o rout_v the_o saxon_n and_o not_o a_o word_n of_o kerdic_n or_o kenric_n whereas_o anno_fw-la dom._n 528._o he_o remember_v they_o again_o and_o tell_v what_o a_o mighty_a army_n they_o have_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n which_o h._n huntingdon_n call_v witland_n and_o what_o slaughter_n they_o make_v at_o witgaresburgh_n which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o witgar_n one_o of_o kerdic_n nephew_n to_o who_o he_o give_v the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o witgar_n say_v huntingdon_n but_o before_o this_o there_o be_v another_o battle_n between_o kerdic_n and_o the_o britain_n at_o cerdic_n league_n which_o huntingdon_n make_v the_o same_o with_o cerdicsford_n in_o which_o there_o be_v great_a slaughter_n on_o both_o side_n and_o in_o that_o time_n he_o say_v many_o saxon_n come_v in_o out_o of_o germany_n into_o eastangle_n and_o mercia_n but_o they_o be_v not_o yet_o form_v into_o kingdom_n however_o innumerable_a battle_n be_v fight_v in_o many_o place_n by_o person_n who_o name_n be_v not_o record_v and_o now_o huntingdon_n mention_n arthur_n as_o a_o most_o valiant_a general_n on_o the_o british_a side_n who_o command_v in_o twelve_o battle_n in_o all_o which_o he_o have_v the_o better_a and_o so_o reckon_v they_o up_o in_o order_n just_a as_o 64._o nennius_n have_v do_v who_o he_o transcribe_v and_o when_o he_o have_v set_v down_o the_o place_n of_o the_o twelve_o battle_n he_o confess_v they_o be_v then_o unknown_a but_o he_o add_v that_o there_o be_v almost_o perpetual_a fight_v in_o which_o sometime_o one_o side_n have_v the_o better_a and_o sometime_o the_o other_o but_o still_o the_o saxon_n pour_v in_o great_a number_n upon_o they_o and_o 65._o nennius_n say_v they_o increase_v here_o without_o intermission_n and_o fetch_v new_a king_n out_o of_o germany_n to_o rule_v over_o they_o and_o then_o set_v down_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o northern_a saxon_a kingdom_n under_o ida_n 66._o who_o govern_v all_o beyond_o humber_n twelve_o year_n which_o be_v branch_v into_o two_o deira_n and_o bernicia_n this_o kingdom_n begin_v say_v huntingdon_n in_o the_o thirteen_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o kenric_n who_o succeed_v kerdic_n anno_fw-la dom._n 547._o and_o ida_n descend_v from_o woden_n be_v the_o first_o king_n kenric_n in_o his_o eighteen_o year_n say_v the_o same_o author_n fight_v against_o the_o britain_n who_o come_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n to_o salisbury_n where_o he_o disperse_v they_o and_o make_v they_o fly_v but_o this_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v happen_v after_o arthur_n death_n which_o be_v place_v by_o matt._n westminster_n and_o other_o anno_fw-la dom._n 542._o we_o must_v therefore_o look_v back_o to_o judge_v of_o arthur_n prowess_n we_o have_v already_o see_v several_a saxon_a kingdom_n establish_v that_o of_o kent_n of_o south-saxons_a of_o westsaxons_a and_o saxon_n in_o other_o part_n not_o yet_o gather_v into_o kingdom_n and_o beside_o these_o before_o kendic_n have_v gain_v the_o isle_n of_o wight_n h._n huntingdon_n say_v the_o kingdom_n of_o east_n saxon_n be_v found_v by_o erkinwin_n who_o slede_n succeed_v who_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o ermenerick_n king_n of_o kent_n sister_n of_o ethelbert_n and_o mother_n to_o sibert_n the_o first_o christian_a king_n there_o now_o if_o arthur_n be_v a_o king_n so_o powerful_a so_o irresistible_a as_o the_o british_a history_n make_v he_o how_o come_v all_o these_o kingdom_n to_o grow_v up_o under_o he_o why_o do_v he_o not_o send_v the_o saxon_n all_o out_o of_o britain_n nay_o how_o come_v cerdic_n and_o kenric_n to_o grow_v so_o strong_a in_o the_o western_a part_n as_o they_o do_v cerdic_n say_v 2._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n come_v hither_o eight_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o hengist_n anno_fw-la dom._n 495._o he_o be_v here_o 24_o year_n before_o he_o set_v up_o his_o kingdom_n and_o live_v in_o it_o 16_o year_n this_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o arthur_n fame_n and_o greatness_n if_o it_o be_v such_o as_o geffrey_n describe_v will_v he_o have_v suffer_v such_o a_o terror_n to_o the_o britain_n to_o have_v be_v so_o near_o he_o 6._o
ranulphus_fw-la higden_n say_v that_o arthur_n be_v so_o tire_v out_o with_o fight_a cerdic_n so_o weary_a of_o overcome_v that_o 26_o year_n after_o his_o come_n he_o yield_v part_n of_o the_o west_n to_o he_o and_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n 1._o rudburn_n speak_v what_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o all_o this_o the_o plain_a truth_n be_v they_o follow_v geffrey_n as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v but_o they_o find_v at_o last_o they_o must_v give_v away_o kerdic_n kingdom_n to_o he_o and_o so_o they_o have_v better_o make_v it_o a_o free_a act_n of_o king_n arthur_n let_v we_o now_o compare_v with_o this_o the_o account_n the_o british_a history_n give_v of_o he_o which_o be_v this_o in_o short_a â—_o after_o the_o death_n of_o uther_n pendragon_n the_o british_a nobility_n meet_v at_o silcester_n where_o theâ—_n desire_v dubricius_n to_o consecrate_v arthurâ—_n for_o the_o saxon_n have_v conquer_v from_o humber_n to_o cathnes_n it_o seem_v all_o be_v clear_a on_o this_o side_n humber_n and_o so_o he_o be_v no_o soon_o crown_v but_o away_o he_o march_v for_o york_n leave_v the_o saxon_n here_o in_o quiet_a possession_n where_o childeric_n come_v with_o 600_o ship_n to_o assist_v the_o two_o brother_n colgrin_n and_o baldulph_n who_o name_n the_o saxon_a annal_n conceal_v upon_o this_o dreadful_a conjunction_n arthur_n repair_v to_o london_n and_o call_v a_o parliament_n and_o they_o send_v over_o to_o hoel_n king_n of_o little-britain_n his_o nephew_n and_o who_o bring_v 15000_o to_o his_o assistence_n at_o southampton_n notwithstanding_o port_n and_o his_o son_n be_v so_o near_o then_o away_o he_o march_v for_o lincoln_n and_o there_o kill_v 6000_o saxon_n and_o pursue_v the_o rest_n into_o scotland_n and_o there_o dismiss_v they_o home_o upon_o promise_n of_o tribute_n but_o they_o perfidious_o return_v to_o totnes_n and_o so_o march_v to_o besiege_v bath_n where_o after_o he_o have_v do_v the_o execution_n matt._n westminster_n relate_v the_o saxon_n get_v upon_o the_o hill_n which_o arthur_n by_o the_o help_n of_o his_o caliburn_n recover_v kill_v the_o two_o brother_n and_o make_v childeric_n fly_v who_o cador_n pursue_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n although_o the_o son_n of_o hengist_n have_v all_o kent_n as_o his_o kingdom_n after_o this_o he_o drive_v gillomarus_n and_o his_o irish_a home_n and_o determine_v to_o root_v out_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n but_o upon_o great_a submission_n he_o spare_v they_o this_o be_v do_v he_o return_v to_o york_n where_o he_o rebuild_v the_o church_n and_o settle_v pyramus_n archbishop_n in_o the_o place_n of_o samson_n and_o restore_v the_o british_a nobility_n next_o summer_n he_o go_v for_o ireland_n and_o have_v subdue_v that_o he_o sail_v for_o island_n not_o then_o inhabit_v say_v 2._o arngrimus_n jonas_n a_o learned_a native_a there_o but_o upon_o notice_n of_o his_o come_n the_o king_n of_o seland_n and_o the_o orcades_n yield_v themselves_o then_o he_o return_v home_o and_o settle_v the_o nation_n in_o a_o firm_a peace_n for_o twelve_o year_n although_o the_o saxon_n be_v every_o where_n about_o they_o after_o which_o time_n his_o name_n be_v dread_v abroad_o and_o away_o he_o sail_v for_o norway_n and_o there_o conquer_v riculfus_n and_o the_o whole_a country_n from_o thence_o to_o gaul_n where_o he_o chop_v in_o piece_n the_o head_n of_o flollos_n the_o governor_n in_o single_a combat_n and_o dispose_v the_o several_a province_n 〈◊〉_d his_o servant_n and_o return_v home_o resolve_v to_o keep_v a_o solemn_a court_n at_o caer-leon_n this_o be_v well_o think_v upon_o for_o we_o read_v of_o no_o saxon_n thereabouts_o where_o beside_o several_a king_n the_o three_o metropolitan_o meet_v of_o london_n york_n and_o caerleon_n beside_o all_o his_o nobility_n but_o to_o pass_v over_o the_o great_a solemnity_n there_o the_o emperor_n lucius_n not_o to_o be_v find_v elsewhere_o send_v to_o demand_v tribute_n on_o the_o account_n of_o julius_n caesar_n conquest_n upon_o which_o he_o make_v great_a preparation_n to_o conquer_v rome_n and_o leave_v britain_n to_o mordred_n his_o nephew_n who_o rebel_v against_o he_o and_o force_v he_o to_o return_v home_o when_o after_o he_o have_v conquer_v lucius_n he_o be_v march_v for_o rome_n and_o here_o mordred_n have_v associate_v saxon_n scot_n and_o pict_n all_o against_o arthur_n but_o upon_o his_o come_v the_o other_o flee_v to_o winchester_n from_o thence_o to_o cornwall_n where_o near_o the_o river_n camblan_n he_o wait_v for_o arthur_n come_n the_o issue_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v mordred_n be_v kill_v and_o arthur_n mortal_o wound_v who_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o island_n of_o avalon_n and_o there_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v this_o be_v the_o british_a legend_n of_o king_n arthur_n which_o have_v raise_v the_o laughter_n of_o some_o and_o the_o indignation_n of_o other_o william_n of_o newburgh_n be_v the_o first_o who_o open_o and_o in_o plain_a term_n charge_v it_o with_o falsity_n and_o inconsistency_n but_o against_o some_o part_n of_o it_o he_o make_v trifle_v objection_n as_o about_o the_o three_o archbishop_n deny_v that_o the_o britain_n have_v any_o archbishop_n because_o the_o first_o pall_n be_v give_v to_o augustine_n the_o monk_n but_o this_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o monkish_a ignorance_n in_o he_o for_o there_o be_v metropolitan_n before_o and_o without_o pall_v from_o rome_n and_o archbishop_n or_o metropolitan_o do_v assume_v the_o use_n of_o pall_v to_o themselves_o without_o ask_v the_o pope_n leave_n and_o when_o he_o say_v archbishop_n come_v so_o late_o into_o the_o western_a church_n it_o be_v true_a the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n do_v but_o the_o jurisdiction_n over_o province_n be_v long_o before_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v upon_o the_o revive_n of_o learn_v some_o be_v so_o offend_v at_o this_o ridiculous_a legend_n that_o they_o question_v whether_o ever_o there_o be_v such_o a_o person_n as_o arthur_n against_o who_o leland_n undertake_v the_o defence_n of_o king_n arthur_n but_o some_o of_o his_o author_n will_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o bear_v witness_n in_o this_o cause_n be_v partial_a follower_n of_o geffrey_n such_o as_o alfred_n of_o beverly_n grace_n the_o author_n of_o scalae-chronicon_a joh._n burgensis_n joh._n ross_n etc._n etc._n other_o do_v not_o speak_v home_o to_o the_o point_n such_o be_v the_o testimony_n of_o nennius_n malmsbury_n huntingdon_n which_o make_v he_o only_a general_n of_o the_o british_a force_n other_o be_v too_o modern_a as_o trithemius_n volaterranus_n philippus_n bergomas_n nauclerus_fw-la hector_n boethius_n pontius_n virunnius_n etc._n etc._n other_o overthrow_v the_o main_a part_n of_o it_o as_o to_o arthur_n be_v sovereign_a dominion_n in_o britain_n as_o the_o chronica_fw-la divionensis_fw-la which_o say_v that_o after_o several_a combat_n cerdic_n have_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_a kingdom_n by_o arthur_n be_v consent_n and_o as_o part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n he_o reckon_v seven_o whole_a province_n from_o surry_n to_o cornwall_n but_o the_o british_a history_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o cerdic_n but_o suppose_v all_o under_o arthur_n command_n and_o his_o nephew_n mordred_n in_o his_o absence_n if_o cerdic_n have_v the_o westsaxon_n kingdom_n then_o how_o come_v no_o notice_n of_o he_o in_o the_o battle_n at_o camblan_n how_o come_v the_o fight_n within_o his_o territory_n again_o the_o author_n of_o the_o life_n of_o gildas_n cite_v by_o he_o say_v 24._o that_o one_o meluas_n have_v steal_v his_o wife_n guenhere_o and_o defile_v she_o and_o that_o arthur_n a_o long_a time_n besiege_v he_o in_o the_o marsh_n near_o glassenbury_n be_v this_o agreeable_a to_o the_o mighty_a power_n of_o king_n arthur_n to_o have_v his_o queen_n detain_v by_o force_n so_o long_o by_o such_o a_o inconsiderable_a person_n as_o meluas_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v as_o caradoc_n of_o lancarvan_n there_o say_v 8._o she_o be_v restore_v at_o last_o more_o by_o the_o entreaty_n of_o gildas_n than_o out_o of_o respect_n to_o arthur_n be_v authority_n as_o to_o arthur_n seal_n which_o he_o lay_v so_o much_o weight_n upon_o it_o certain_o belong_v to_o the_o diploma_n he_o give_v to_o the_o university_n of_o cambridge_n in_o his_o time_n mention_v by_o leland_n and_o the_o church_n of_o westminster_n 12._o if_o they_o have_v it_o still_o aught_o to_o restore_v it_o but_o after_o all_o leland_n have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o person_n as_o king_n arthur_n from_o the_o cair-arture_n in_o wales_n two_o mountain_n so_o call_v and_o arthur_n gate_n in_o mongomery_n and_o the_o abundant_a testimony_n he_o bring_v about_o his_o coffin_n in_o lead_n find_v in_o glassenbury_n either_o in_o henry_n the_o second_v time_n or_o at_o least_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o richard_n the_o first_o with_o a_o inscription_n set_v down_o often_o by_o he_o and_o more_o exact_o by_o 166._o camden_n where_o the_o letter_n appear_v
who_o probable_o keep_v up_o their_o succession_n for_o some_o time_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v any_o hope_n of_o return_v to_o their_o own_o see_v as_o be_v before_o observe_v after_o this_o giraldus_n speak_v of_o another_o great_a council_n hold_v by_o st._n david_n which_o he_o call_v victoria_n in_o which_o he_o say_v all_o the_o clergy_n of_o wales_n be_v present_a and_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o former_a council_n be_v confirm_v and_o new_a canon_n make_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o british_a church_n but_o this_o second_o synod_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o the_o old_a vtrecht_n ms._n nor_o in_o capgrave_n but_o it_o be_v in_o colganus_n and_o by_o the_o expression_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v take_v out_o of_o giraldus_n who_o confess_v that_o no_o copy_n of_o those_o canon_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o his_o time_n that_o coast_n be_v so_o often_o visit_v by_o pirate_n who_o no_o doubt_n come_v to_o steal_v mss._n and_o especial_o church-canon_n i_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o the_o british_a church_n at_o that_o time_n and_o in_o those_o part_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o a_o flourish_a condition_n in_o comparison_n with_o other_o part_n of_o britain_n and_o there_o may_v be_v more_o christian_n there_o because_o they_o have_v be_v drive_v out_o from_o other_o place_n and_o their_o brethren_n affliction_n may_v increase_v their_o devotion_n but_o gildas_n take_v no_o more_o notice_n of_o st._n david_n than_o he_o do_v of_o king_n arthur_n the_o battle_n at_o badon-hill_n according_a to_o archbishop_n usher_n be_v the_o year_n after_o the_o synod_n at_o brevy_n and_o from_o that_o time_n the_o british_a church_n have_v some_o quiet_n from_o their_o enemy_n but_o then_o 26._o gildas_n say_v the_o britain_n quarrel_v among_o themselves_o but_o yet_o so_o as_o that_o some_o kind_n of_o order_n and_o government_n be_v then_o keep_v up_o among_o they_o by_o the_o remembrance_n of_o their_o late_a calamity_n and_o at_o this_o time_n he_o speak_v the_o best_a of_o the_o britain_n that_o he_o do_v in_o his_o whole_a book_n for_o he_o say_v that_o king_n and_o public_a and_o private_a person_n bishop_n and_o other_o churchman_n for_o sacerdotes_fw-la in_o that_o age_n often_o signify_v bishop_n and_o gildas_n call_v it_o sacerdotalem_fw-la episcopatus_fw-la sedem_fw-la do_v all_o keep_v to_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o place_n but_o then_o he_o add_v when_o the_o sense_n of_o these_o calamity_n be_v wear_v out_o and_o a_o new_a generation_n arise_v they_o fall_v into_o such_o a_o degeneracy_n as_o to_o cast_v off_o all_o the_o reins_o of_o truth_n and_o justice_n that_o no_o remainder_n of_o it_o appear_v in_o any_o sort_n of_o man_n except_z a_o few_o a_o very_a few_o who_o number_n be_v so_o small_a in_o comparison_n with_o the_o rest_n that_o the_o church_n can_v hardly_o discern_v its_o genuine_a child_n when_o they_o lie_v in_o her_o bosom_n but_o before_o i_o come_v to_o this_o last_o and_o sad_a part_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o british_a church_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a now_o to_o give_v some_o account_n of_o those_o britain_n who_o be_v weary_v out_o here_o go_v for_o refuge_n to_o that_o country_n in_o france_n which_o from_o they_o be_v call_v bretagn_n it_o seem_v hard_a to_o determine_v when_o the_o first_o colony_n of_o britain_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o part_n of_o aremorica_n for_o in_o the_o decline_a time_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n there_o be_v so_o frequent_a occasion_n of_o the_o british_a soldier_n remove_v into_o the_o continent_n and_o so_o little_a encouragement_n to_o return_v hither_o that_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o after_o the_o trouble_v of_o maximus_n and_o constantine_n a_o colony_n of_o britain_n might_n settle_v themselves_o upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n near_o to_o britain_n where_o they_o may_v be_v ready_a to_o receive_v or_o to_o go_v over_o to_o their_o countryman_n as_o the_o condition_n of_o affair_n shall_v happen_v this_o i_o be_o very_o much_o induce_v to_o believe_v not_o from_o the_o authority_n of_o nennius_n or_o geffrey_n or_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n or_o radulphus_fw-la niger_n etc._n etc._n but_o from_o these_o argument_n first_o from_o sidonius_n apollinaris_n and_o there_o be_v two_o passage_n in_o he_o which_o tend_v to_o the_o clear_v this_o matter_n the_o first_o be_v concern_v aruandus_n accuse_v at_o rome_n of_o treason_n in_o the_o time_n of_o anthemius_n for_o persuade_v the_o king_n of_o the_o goth_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o greek_a emperor_n i._n e._n anthemius_n who_o come_v out_o of_o greece_n and_o upon_o the_o britain_n on_o the_o loir_n as_o 7._o sidonius_n apollinaris_n express_o affirm_v who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o pity_v his_o case_n this_o happen_v about_o anno_fw-la dom._n 467._o before_o anthemius_n be_v the_o second_o time_n consul_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v not_o only_o that_o there_o be_v britain_n then_o settle_a on_o the_o loir_n but_o that_o their_o strength_n and_o force_n be_v considerable_a which_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o consist_v of_o such_o miserable_a people_n as_o flee_v from_o hence_o for_o fear_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o about_o this_o time_n ambrose_n have_v success_n against_o the_o saxon_n and_o by_o vortimer_n mean_n or_o he_o the_o britain_n be_v in_o great_a likelihood_n of_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o britain_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o probability_n that_o the_o warlike_a britain_n shall_v at_o that_o time_n leave_v their_o native_a country_n a_o second_o passage_n be_v concern_v riothamus_n a_o king_n of_o the_o britain_n in_o the_o time_n of_o 9_o sidonius_n apollinaris_n and_o to_o who_o he_o write_v who_o go_v with_o 12000_o britain_n to_o assist_v the_o roman_n against_o euricus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o goth_n but_o be_v intercept_v by_o he_o as_o 45._o jornandes_n relate_v the_o story_n and_o sigebert_n place_n it_o anno_fw-la dom._n 470._o now_o what_o clear_a evidence_n can_v be_v desire_v than_o this_o to_o prove_v that_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o britain_n be_v there_o settle_v and_o in_o a_o condition_n not_o only_o to_o defend_v themselves_o but_o to_o assist_v the_o roman_n which_o can_v be_v imagine_v of_o such_o as_o mere_o flee_v thither_o after_o the_o saxon_n come_v into_o britain_n beside_o we_o find_v in_o sirmondus_n his_o gallican_n council_n mansuetus_n a_o bishop_n of_o the_o britain_n subscribe_v to_o the_o first_o council_n at_o tours_n which_o be_v hold_v anno_fw-la dom._n 461._o by_o which_o we_o see_v the_o britain_n have_v so_o full_a a_o settlement_n then_o as_o not_o only_o to_o have_v habitation_n but_o a_o king_n and_o bishop_n of_o their_o own_o which_o be_v the_o great_a encouragement_n for_o other_o britain_n to_o go_v over_o when_o they_o find_v themselves_o so_o hard_o press_v by_o the_o saxon_n at_o home_n for_o a_o people_n fright_v from_o hence_o will_v hardly_o have_v venture_v into_o a_o foreign_a country_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v secure_a before_o hand_n of_o a_o kind_a reception_n there_o if_o they_o must_v have_v fight_v for_o a_o dwell_n there_o have_v they_o not_o far_o better_a have_v do_v it_o in_o their_o own_o country_n from_o whence_o i_o conclude_v that_o there_o be_v a_o large_a colony_n of_o britain_n in_o aremorica_n before_o those_o number_n go_v over_o upon_o the_o saxon_a cruelty_n of_o which_o 639._o eginhardus_fw-la and_o other_o foreign_a historian_n speak_v archbishop_z usher_n seem_v to_o think_v this_o riothamus_n himself_o to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o leader_n of_o they_o but_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o think_v a_o person_n of_o his_o valour_n and_o experience_n will_v leave_v his_o country_n in_o that_o distress_a condition_n it_o be_v bring_v into_o by_o the_o saxon_n but_o 13._o florentius_n the_o author_n of_o the_o life_n of_o judocus_fw-la son_n to_o a_o king_n of_o bretagn_n say_v that_o his_o name_n be_v rioval_n a_o prince_n here_o in_o britain_n who_o gather_v a_o good_a army_n and_o fleet_n together_o and_o with_o that_o subdue_v the_o people_n who_o live_v on_o the_o aremorican_a coast_n be_v then_o leave_v destitute_a and_o unable_a to_o defend_v themselves_o for_o that_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o roman_a government_n which_o be_v keep_v up_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o roman_a legion_n in_o all_o part_n of_o it_o and_o so_o when_o these_o be_v break_v the_o nation_n be_v so_o unaccustomed_a to_o war_n that_o they_o lie_v open_a to_o all_o invader_n so_o that_o the_o aggressor_n do_v general_o succeed_v in_o their_o attempt_n where_o the_o roman_a legion_n be_v withdraw_v and_o next_o to_o the_o wise_a providence_n of_o god_n which_o order_v all_o thing_n there_o be_v no_o one_o cause_n which_o contribute_v so_o much_o to_o the_o misery_n of_o those_o time_n and_o the_o strange_a revolution_n which_o happen_v in_o
they_o as_o the_o native_n be_v not_o train_v up_o to_o martial_a discipline_n but_o depend_v whole_o on_o the_o roman_a legion_n for_o their_o defence_n and_o security_n thence_o whatever_o people_n have_v the_o courage_n to_o invade_v do_v usual_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o country_n where_o the_o roman_a legion_n be_v at_o a_o distance_n or_o otherwise_o engage_v against_o each_o other_o thus_o in_o france_n the_o goth_n the_o burgundian_n the_o frank_n and_o the_o britain_n take_v possession_n of_o the_o several_a part_n they_o attempt_v and_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n in_o spain_n so_o goth_n and_o lombard_n in_o italy_n itself_o so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v if_o the_o saxon_n prevail_v here_o at_o last_o but_o with_o as_o much_o difficulty_n and_o after_o as_o many_o battle_n as_o be_v fight_v by_o any_o people_n of_o that_o time_n without_o foreign_a assistence_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o aremorican_a britain_n whether_o they_o come_v over_o under_o rioval_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o distraction_n here_o when_o the_o people_n be_v so_o rebellious_a against_o their_o prince_n as_o gildas_n relate_v or_o whether_o they_o go_v over_o to_o assist_v constantine_n and_o his_o son_n and_o so_o remain_v there_o i_o shall_v not_o determine_v but_o that_o the_o britain_n be_v well_o settle_v there_o before_o samson_n archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o his_o company_n pass_v the_o sea_n appear_v by_o what_o 1199._o mat._n paris_n say_v that_o they_o go_v to_o their_o fellow_n citizen_n and_o country_n man_n hope_v to_o live_v more_o quiet_o there_o and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o dole_n he_o be_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o britain_n put_v into_o his_o place_n and_o from_o thence_o forward_o exercise_v his_o archiepiscopal_a power_n there_o the_o king_n of_o that_o province_n not_o suffer_v his_o successor_n there_o to_o pay_v any_o obedience_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o tours_n which_o beget_v a_o suit_n which_o hold_v 300_o year_n in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n and_o be_v this_o year_n manful_o decide_v by_o innocent_a iii_o as_o mat._n paris_n there_o relate_v who_o state_n the_o case_n very_o unskilful_o lay_v the_o weight_n of_o it_o upon_o the_o archbishops_n bring_v over_o his_o pall_n from_o york_n which_o the_o pope_n have_v give_v he_o there_o suppose_v this_o be_v true_a although_o the_o pope_n give_v no_o pall_v then_o nor_o a_o great_a while_n after_o yet_o this_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o contest_v it_o in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n so_o long_o together_o but_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o case_n lie_v upon_o another_o point_n viz._n according_a to_o the_o old_a canon_n of_o the_o church_n if_o a_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o each_o province_n be_v to_o have_v a_o metropolitan_a now_o this_o reason_n hold_v much_o strong_a when_o new_a kingdom_n be_v erect_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a province_n for_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o why_o the_o bishop_n of_o dole_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bretagn_n shall_v yield_v subjection_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o tours_n in_o a_o distinct_a kingdom_n and_o there_o be_v the_o fair_a colour_n for_o this_o when_o one_o actual_o a_o archbishop_n before_o come_v to_o be_v settle_v there_o and_o from_o hence_o they_o insist_v on_o a_o prescription_n of_o a_o very_a long_a time_n wherein_o no_o subjection_n have_v be_v make_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o tours_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o account_n give_v of_o this_o cause_n by_o 82._o innocent_a iii_o in_o his_o epistle_n late_o publish_v by_o baluzius_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v plead_v that_o all_o britanny_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o tours_n but_o that_o the_o britain_n conspire_v against_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o set_v up_o a_o kingdom_n of_o their_o own_o they_o make_v use_v of_o samson_n archbishop_z of_o york_z come_v to_o establish_v a_o metropolitan_a power_n within_o that_o kingdom_n and_o upon_o complaint_n make_v to_o rome_n the_o pope_n have_v put_v it_o upon_o this_o issue_n whether_o any_o of_o their_o predecessor_n have_v grant_v the_o pall_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o dole_n which_o not_o be_v prove_v the_o pope_n as_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v give_v sentence_n against_o the_o bishop_n of_o dole_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o go_v upon_o a_o false_a suggestion_n viz._n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bretagn_n be_v set_v up_o in_o rebellion_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n for_o childeric_n have_v not_o extend_v his_o dominion_n in_o france_n as_o far_o as_o the_o loir_fw-fr and_o before_o his_o time_n the_o britain_n be_v in_o quiet_a possession_n of_o those_o part_n of_o aremorica_n and_o the_o best_a 18._o french_a historian_n now_o grant_v that_o the_o britain_n come_v thither_o in_o the_o time_n of_o merouée_fw-fr who_o obtain_v but_o little_a in_o gaul_n as_o 146._o hadrianus_n valesius_fw-la confess_v and_o the_o 12._o author_n of_o the_o life_n of_o gildas_n observe_v that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v very_o inconsiderable_a in_o the_o time_n of_o childeric_n son_n of_o merouée_fw-fr at_o what_o time_n gildas_n go_v over_o into_o aremorica_n as_o his_o schoolfellow_n under_o iltutus_n samson_n and_o paulus_n have_v do_v before_o he_o whereof_o one_o succeed_v the_o other_o samson_n at_o dole_n and_o the_o other_o be_v make_v bishop_n of_o the_o oxismii_fw-la the_o most_o northern_a people_n of_o bretagn_n which_o diocese_n be_v since_o divide_v into_o three_o treguier_n s._n pol_n de_fw-fr leon_n and_o s._n brieu_o here_o gildas_n at_o the_o request_n of_o his_o brethren_n who_o come_v out_o of_o britain_n say_v the_o author_n of_o his_o life_n write_v his_o epistle_n wherein_o he_o so_o sharp_o reprove_v the_o several_a vice_n of_o the_o five_o king_n of_o britain_n who_o he_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o constantine_n aurelius_n vortiporius_n cuneglasus_n and_o maglocunus_fw-la and_o speak_v to_o they_o all_o as_o then_o live_v the_o 8._o british_a history_n make_v they_o to_o succeed_v each_o other_o constantine_n according_a to_o that_o be_v kill_v in_o his_o three_o year_n by_o aurelius_n conanus_fw-la he_o die_v in_o his_o second_o year_n and_o vortiporius_n succeed_v he_o reign_v four_o year_n after_o he_o he_o place_v malgo_n and_o leave_v cuneglasus_n whole_o out_o but_o that_o they_o reign_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o several_a part_n of_o britain_n be_v evident_a from_o gildas_n because_o he_o say_v he_o know_v that_o constantine_n be_v then_o live_v now_o constantine_n reign_v the_o first_o of_o these_o how_o can_v he_o speak_v to_o the_o four_o king_n that_o succeed_v he_o if_o he_o be_v still_o live_v for_o there_o be_v no_o colour_n for_o imagine_v that_o gildas_n still_o add_v his_o reproof_n as_o one_o die_v and_o another_o succeed_v for_o any_o one_o may_v discern_v it_o be_v write_v in_o one_o continue_a style_n and_o he_o write_v to_o they_o all_o as_o then_o live_v without_o the_o least_o intimation_n that_o they_o succeed_v each_o other_o beside_o he_o call_v constantine_n the_o issue_n of_o the_o impure_a damnonian_n lioness_n and_o at_o this_o time_n the_o britain_n in_o the_o remote_a western_a part_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o other_o by_o the_o west_n saxon_a kingdom_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v far_o less_o probability_n that_o all_o the_o britain_n at_o that_o time_n shall_v be_v under_o one_o monarch_n and_o where_o they_o have_v great_a freedom_n of_o live_v together_o they_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a principality_n for_o he_o who_o gildas_n call_v maglocunus_fw-la be_v by_o the_o british_a writer_n call_v maelgun_v guine_v and_o mailgunus_fw-la mention_v by_o john_n of_o tinmouth_n in_o the_o life_n of_o st._n paternus_n and_o by_o thaliessin_n in_o sir_n john_n price_n from_o who_o it_o appear_v that_o he_o be_v king_n of_o north-wales_n and_o as_o gildas_n call_v vortiporius_n the_o tyrant_n of_o the_o demetae_n by_o who_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o south-wales_n be_v understand_v aurelius_n conanus_fw-la archbishop_n 537._o usher_n think_v be_v king_n of_o powisland_n which_o be_v sometime_o a_o three_o kingdom_n and_o for_o cuneglasus_n it_o seem_v probable_a he_o have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o northern_a britain_n for_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o bede_n they_o have_v a_o distinct_a principality_n there_o all_o these_o gildas_n do_v very_o severe_o reprove_v for_o their_o several_a vice_n and_o then_o tax_v the_o judge_n and_o clergy_n to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v repent_v of_o their_o sin_n and_o acquit_v the_o just_a and_o wise_a providence_n of_o god_n in_o the_o judgement_n he_o bring_v upon_o they_o which_o be_v very_o terrible_a and_o end_v in_o the_o desolation_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o british_a church_n except_v only_o those_o remnant_n which_o be_v