the_o lawful_a son_n of_o constantius_n and_o helen_n and_o bear_v in_o britain_n and_o that_o his_o father_n constantius_n be_v compel_v by_o herculius_n the_o emperor_n to_o be_v divorce_v from_o helen_n his_o true_a wife_n to_o take_v theodora_n daughter_n in_o law_n of_o that_o emperor_n eutropius_n plain_o say_v that_o constantine_n be_v son_n of_o constantius_n in_o true_a marriage_n constantinus_n manasses_n say_v st._n helen_n be_v the_o wife_n of_o constantius_n and_o a_o most_o bless_a woman_n hunibaldus_n above_o 1000_o year_n since_o relate_v the_o history_n of_o the_o composition_n between_o constantius_n and_o our_o british_a king_n coel_n as_o our_o writer_n do_v as_o soon_o as_o coel_n hear_v that_o constantius_n be_v arrive_v he_o send_v ambassador_n desire_v peace_n and_o promise_v to_o pay_v the_o tribute_n so_o that_o he_o may_v enjoy_v his_o kingdom_n to_o which_o constantius_n agree_v this_o thus_o compose_v coel_n within_o 40._o day_n dye_v who_o daughter_n helen_n to_o who_o for_o beauty_n and_o loveliness_n knowledge_n in_o the_o liberal_a science_n and_o rare_a skill_n in_o music_n 1_o theoph._n ceram_fw-la in_o chron._n egbert_n albas_n servant_n 3._o the_o mere_a &_o manif_n catho_n fidei_fw-la berengosus_fw-la abbas_n l._n de_fw-fr in_o vent_n &_o laud._n s._n crucis_fw-la c._n 1_o britain_n never_o breed_v the_o like_a constantius_n take_v to_o wife_n by_o who_o he_o beget_v constantine_n who_o not_o only_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n but_o also_o prevail_v against_o maxentius_n in_o the_o empire_n victor_n eutropius_n eusebius_n and_o other_o ancient_a author_n be_v witness_n that_o when_o dioclesian_n make_v constantius_n and_o galerius_n caesar_n he_o compel_v then_o to_o put_v away_o both_o their_o lawful_a wife_n constantius_n to_o put_v away_o st._n helen_n and_o to_o take_v theodore_n his_o daughter_n in_o law_n and_o galerius_n veleria_n his_o own_o daughter_n which_o account_n of_o they_o that_o st._n helen_n be_v thus_o put_v away_o in_o the_o year_n 294._o invincible_o prove_v how_o according_a to_o eusebius_n and_o many_o other_o before_o set_v down_o the_o age_n of_o constantine_n to_o have_v be_v about_o 60_o year_n that_o st._n helen_n have_v be_v the_o wife_n of_o constantius_n 20._o year_n severus_n sulpitius_n do_v not_o only_o call_v st._n helen_n the_o true_a wife_n of_o constantius_n but_o say_v she_o be_v empress_n both_o in_o her_o husband_n and_o son_n time_n which_o prove_v her_o daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o coel_n our_o british_a king_n by_o which_o title_n only_o she_o reign_v with_o constantine_n theophilus_n cepameus_n a_o old_a greek_a writer_n say_v there_o be_v arrian_n heretic_n and_o pagan_n which_o deny_v constantine_n to_o be_v legitimate_a and_o that_o the_o lie_v therein_o mentiuntur_fw-la egbertus_fw-la say_v she_o be_v queen_n and_o mother_n of_o constantine_n beringosus_fw-la a_o eyewitnesse_n of_o the_o most_o thing_n write_v of_o she_o say_v first_o she_o be_v a_o queen_n and_o so_o the_o lawful_a wife_n of_o constantius_n for_o a_o concubine_n of_o the_o great_a emperor_n that_o ever_o be_v be_v not_o thereby_o a_o queen_n as_o the_o author_n name_n she_o queen_n to_z rule_n to_o govern_v nor_o can_v the_o lawful_a true_a wife_n of_o king_n be_v term_v queen_n by_o such_o worth_a author_n except_o they_o be_v queen_n by_o title_n of_o inheritance_n or_o such_o like_a as_o our_o antiquary_n write_v of_o queen_n helen_n that_o she_o be_v daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o her_o father_n king_n coel_n this_o worthy_a author_n do_v also_o though_o a_o stranger_n to_o we_o confirm_v when_o he_o prove_v she_o be_v of_o most_o noble_a parentage_n and_o by_o experimental_a argument_n because_o he_o have_v see_v the_o old_a building_n of_o her_o stately_a palace_n continue_v to_o in_o his_o time_n the_o pavement_n whereof_o be_v marble_n and_o touchstone_n the_o most_o regal_a palace_n in_o all_o those_o part_n the_o wall_n be_v gild_v with_o old_a her_o chamber_n be_v so_o sumptuous_a that_o the_o like_a be_v not_o in_o the_o world_n britain_n stately_a building_n of_o st._n helen_n q._n of_o britain_n and_o to_o free_v she_o from_o all_o slander_n the_o chamber_n of_o her_o heart_n and_o soul_n be_v far_o more_o pure_a in_o all_o thing_n she_o be_v obedient_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o yet_o external_o please_v to_o her_o husband_n constantius_n although_o more_o please_a to_o god_n then_o to_o her_o husband_n thus_o we_o see_v how_o far_o this_o most_o bless_a and_o noble_a queen_n and_o empress_n ibid._n bernigosus_fw-la ibid._n be_v in_o all_o time_n from_o be_v base_a either_o by_o birth_n or_o conversation_n such_o sanctify_v of_o life_n can_v never_o agree_v with_o that_o foul_a name_n by_o which_o some_o have_v so_o wrongful_o term_v she_o such_o parentage_n palace_n and_o revenue_n able_a to_o entertain_v the_o great_a prince_n according_a to_o their_o state_n and_o dignity_n must_v denominate_v their_o noble_a owner_n with_o better_a term_n and_o attribute_n the_o hostess_n innkeeper_n stabularia_fw-la except_o we_o will_v expound_v they_o in_o so_o large_a a_o sense_n that_o we_o shall_v so_o style_v abraham_n and_o lot_n that_o lodge_v the_o angel_n those_o that_o entertain_v christ_n all_o receiver_n of_o king_n prince_n and_o emperor_n and_o all_o harbourer_n or_o exerciser_n of_o hospitality_n for_o so_o both_o st._n helen_n and_o king_n coel_n entertain_v constantius_n the_o one_o a_o husband_n the_o other_o a_o son_n in_o law_n as_o prince_n use_v it_o seem_v this_o palace_n and_o land_n in_o and_o about_o trever_v to_o have_v descend_v to_o st._n helen_n by_o her_o mother_n or_o some_o ancestor_n of_o that_o country_n for_o both_o beringosus_n say_v st._n helen_n be_v bring_v up_o at_o trever_n and_o otho_fw-la frigensis_fw-la say_v she_o be_v by_o some_o of_o her_o ancestor_n come_v from_o thence_o and_o trever_v be_v at_o that_o time_n the_o most_o renown_a place_n of_o those_o country_n for_o nobility_n learning_n and_o christianity_n and_o she_o the_o only_a child_n of_o her_o father_n king_n coel_n and_o to_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n he_o send_v she_o thither_o to_o have_v the_o most_o noble_a education_n and_o there_o it_o be_v probable_o where_o she_o first_o come_v to_o be_v acquaint_v with_o constantius_n then_o live_v in_o those_o part_n and_o this_o make_v the_o atonement_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o k._n coel_n to_o be_v so_o soon_o and_o peaceable_o effect_v without_o any_o effusion_n of_o blood_n as_o our_o antiquity_n tell_v we_o the_o marriage_n of_o constantius_n and_o helena_n be_v by_o what_o be_v say_v so_o clear_a that_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o speak_v any_o more_o of_o that_o subject_n i_o will_v only_o add_v this_o for_o the_o present_a the_o old_a inscription_n of_o the_o church_n of_o st._n gereon_o at_o cullen_n found_v by_o she_o prove_v she_o to_o be_v a_o queen_n and_o a_o example_n to_o king_n regibus_fw-la exemplum_fw-la sacroque_fw-la chrismate_fw-la plena_fw-la condidit_fw-la hoc_fw-la templum_fw-la sancti_fw-la gereonis_fw-la helena_n a_o pattern_n unto_o king_n this_o heavenly_a light_n st._n helen_n shine_v with_o all_o virtue_n bright_a in_o honour_n of_o st._n gereon_o here_o do_v raise_v this_o stately_a church_n to_o her_o eternal_a praise_n at_o the_o agreement_n betwixt_o constantius_n and_o coel_n beside_o pay_v the_o tribute_n virun_n galf._n mon._n h._n reg._n brit._n l._n 5._o c._n 6._o pont._n virun_n and_o coel_n to_o enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n during_o his_o natural_a life_n it_o be_v further_o agree_v that_o constantius_n shall_v take_v again_o his_o wife_n st._n helen_n daughter_n and_o she_o to_o king_n coel_n and_o by_o her_o right_n be_v king_n after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o father_n by_o which_o covenant_n and_o article_n agree_v upon_o and_o true_o execute_v as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o marriage_n between_o constantius_n and_o helen_n be_v even_o by_o roman_a pagan_a law_n themselves_o prove_v and_o declare_v to_o be_v true_a and_o lawful_a and_o the_o child_n therein_o beget_v legitimate_a and_o the_o take_n of_o theodora_n live_v with_o she_o and_o child_n by_o she_o to_o be_v adulterate_a and_o utter_o unallowable_a in_o any_o sense_n even_o by_o their_o own_o pagan_a constitution_n for_o although_o those_o pagan_a wicked_a decree_n do_v allow_v to_o the_o precedent_n of_o province_n which_o be_v unmarried_a without_o penalty_n to_o keep_v concubine_n profane_o think_v as_o some_o new_a seem_a christian_n have_v do_v that_o man_n unmarried_a can_v not_o live_v chaste_a yet_o they_o never_o permit_v it_o to_o marry_a praefect_n and_o precedent_n such_o as_o constantius_n be_v sever._n elius_n lamprid_n in_o alex._n sever._n as_o their_o own_o historian_n witness_v by_o which_o heathenish_a roman_a law_n helena_n be_v not_o only_o the_o concubine_n and_o no_o wife_n of_o constantius_n but_o a_o concubine_n prohibit_v
howell_n his_o son_n who_o have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v pledge_n with_o he_o and_o then_o also_o he_o give_v he_o day_n for_o the_o other_o pledge_n and_o for_o his_o tribute_n till_o his_o return_n from_o ireland_n the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o morrow_n after_o st._n luke_n day_n the_o king_n take_v ship_v there_o and_o have_v fair_a passage_n into_o ireland_n where_o he_o land_v at_o dublin_n and_o there_o lie_v quiet_a that_o winter_n in_o the_o year_n 1172_o there_o fall_v a_o great_a plague_n among_o the_o king_n soldier_n in_o ireland_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n and_o victual_n saviour_n k._n come_v to_o pembrock_n and_o the_o solemnize_v the_o feast_n of_o the_o resurction_n of_o our_o b._n saviour_n which_o cause_v the_o king_n return_n who_o land_v in_o wales_n in_o passion_n week_n if_o such_o a_o week_n be_v now_o remember_v and_o remain_v at_o pembrock_n on_o easter_n day_n which_o do_v it_o not_o constant_o fall_v upon_o sunday_n will_v be_v as_o well_o forget_v or_o at_o least_o disesteem_v as_o the_o birthday_n of_o our_o most_o holy_a and_o bless_a saviour_n and_o reedeemer_n for_o he_o who_o honour_v not_o that_o bless_a nativity_n can_v we_o think_v that_o he_o reverence_v his_o glorious_a resurrection_n and_o the_o day_n follow_v and_o on_o tuesday_n take_v his_o journey_n towards_o england_n the_o lord_n rees_n careful_a to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n wait_v his_o come_n at_o talacharn_n and_o there_o present_v his_o duty_n 2._o caerlheon_n castle_n anew_o repair_v not_o build_v by_o king_n hen._n 2._o the_o king_n as_o he_o pass_v from_o caerdiff_n by_o the_o new_a castle_n upon_o vsk_n send_v for_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n to_o come_v and_o speak_v with_o he_o under_o safe_a conduct_n for_o he_o his_o son_n and_o friend_n mean_v to_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o he_o and_o so_o to_o quiet_v all_o wales_n upon_o these_o summons_n or_o message_n jorwerth_n take_v his_o journey_n towards_o the_o king_n and_o send_v word_n to_o owen_n his_o son_n be_v a_o lusty_a young_a gentleman_n to_o meet_v he_o by_o the_o way_n but_o as_o he_o come_v at_o his_o father_n command_n the_o earl_n of_o bristoll_n man_n by_o this_o earl_n of_o bristol_n i_o know_v not_o who_o mr._n powell_n mean_v reynold_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n and_o bristol_n as_o mr._n mill_n call_v he_o base_a son_n of_o hen._n 1._o for_o in_o our_o usual_a account_n of_o earl_n 69._o mr._n mill_n fol._n 69._o john_n lord_n digby_n of_o sherborne_n be_v account_v the_o first_o of_o that_o place_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o bristol_n sept._n 15._o jac._n 20._o but_o in_o those_o day_n many_o be_v style_v earl_n of_o place_n as_o strongbow_n earl_n of_o strigull_n which_o be_v not_o number_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o earl_n hear_v of_o it_o come_v out_o of_o the_o now_o castle_n of_o caerlheon_n upon_o vsk_n and_o lay_v wait_v for_o he_o by_o the_o way_n be_v under_o the_o king_n safe_a conduct_n and_o trust_v to_o his_o promise_n and_o sudden_o set_v upon_o and_o murder_v he_o traitorous_o and_o cowardly_o act_n a_o most_o unworthy_a act_n be_v unarm_v and_o have_v but_o a_o few_o in_o his_o company_n which_o hard_a and_o unchristian_o act_v when_o his_o father_n understand_v by_o some_o of_o his_o follower_n that_o escape_v he_o be_v much_o perplex_v and_o return_v home_o with_o all_o his_o friend_n and_o his_o son_n howell_n revenge_n a_o just_a revenge_n and_o will_v never_o afterward_o trust_v neither_o the_o king_n promise_n nor_o any_o norman_n but_o forthwith_o gather_v all_o his_o power_n and_o friend_n that_o he_o can_v make_v and_o without_o mercy_n destroy_v all_o the_o country_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o hereford_n and_o gloucester_n to_o avenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n howsoever_o k._n henry_n make_v lord_n rees_n chief_a justice_n of_o all_o south_n wales_n by_o commission_n suprise_v usual_a then_o as_o now_o for_o the_o welsh_a to_o have_v by-blow_n and_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o son_n abergavenny_z castle_n suprise_v and_o take_v his_o journey_n into_o normandy_n in_o the_o same_o year_n die_v cadwallader_n ap_fw-mi gruffith_n ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n who_o have_v by_o his_o wife_n alice_n daughter_n of_o richard_n clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n cunetha_n radulph_n and_o richard_n and_o by_o other_o woman_n he_o have_v cadvan_n cadwallader_n eneon_n meredyth_n goch_n and_o cadwalhon_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o this_o year_n sytsilt_fw-mi ap_fw-mi dyfnwall_n and_o jevan_fw-mi ap_fw-mi syrsilt_fw-mi ap_fw-mi riryd_v get_v the_o castle_n of_o abergavenny_n by_o surprise_n and_o take_v the_o king_n garrison_n prisoner_n and_o the_o year_n ensue_v be_v the_o fair_a winter_n that_o ever_o be_v see_v about_o this_o time_n rees_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n send_v unto_o king_n henry_n his_o son_n howell_n with_o a_o goodly_a company_n of_o man_n to_o serve_v he_o which_o much_o please_v the_o king_n 437._o hol._n pag._n 437._o who_o return_v cordial_a thanks_o to_o prince_n rees_n if_o i_o mistake_v not_o this_o prince_n rees_n as_o also_o other_o prince_n of_o south_n wales_n bear_v for_o his_o ensign_n of_o honour_n mars_n rees_n the_o arm_n of_o p._n rees_n a_o lion_n rampant_a and_o border_n endent_v sol_n incense_a jupiter_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n bring_v his_o force_n against_o caerlheon_n and_o they_o of_o the_o town_n fight_v with_o he_o who_o he_o overthrow_v and_o take_v many_o prisoner_n of_o they_o and_o win_v the_o town_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n take_v caerlheon_n town_n and_o castle_n take_v which_o be_v yield_v he_o forthwith_o in_o exchange_n for_o prisoner_n then_o also_o howell_n his_o son_n bring_v all_o ggo_v ît_fw-fr coed_n the_o castle_n only_o except_v the_o castle_n here_o mean_v by_o mr._n powell_n i_o conceive_v be_v strigull_n which_o belong_v to_o earl_n strongbow_n under_o his_o obedience_n and_o take_v pledge_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n also_o at_o that_o time_n david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwyneth_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n make_v war_n against_o his_o brother_n maelgon_n who_o keep_v the_o isle_n of_o môn_n or_o anglesey_n and_o bring_v his_o people_n over_o mênai_n for_o so_o that_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v call_v which_o separate_v that_o isle_n from_o the_o main_a land_n and_o chase_v his_o brother_n out_o of_o the_o isle_n to_o ireland_n bring_v all_o the_o isle_n under_o subjection_n also_o he_o expel_v all_o his_o brother_n and_o cousin_n out_o of_o north_n wales_n policy_n a_o turkish_a policy_n and_o take_v all_o their_o land_n to_o himself_o and_o take_v his_o brother_n maelgon_n as_o he_o come_v from_o ireland_n detain_v he_o close_a prisoner_n then_o conan_n his_o brother_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1175._o kindred_n the_o welsh_z much_o addict_v to_o geld_v their_o kindred_n howell_n the_o son_n of_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n of_o caerlheon_n take_v his_o uncle_n owen_n pen_n carne_n prisoner_n and_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n geld_v he_o lest_o he_o shall_v beget_v child_n to_o inherit_v caerlheon_n and_o gwent_n but_o god_n provide_v a_o punishment_n for_o he_o for_o upon_o the_o saturday_n follow_v there_o come_v a_o great_a army_n of_o englishman_n and_o norman_n before_o the_o town_n english_a caerlheon_n take_v by_o the_o english_a and_o win_v it_o with_o the_o castle_n maugre_o howell_n and_o his_o father_n who_o be_v not_o privy_a to_o his_o son_n lewd_a deed_n this_o year_n also_o david_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n be_v bold_a of_o the_o king_n affinity_n do_v imprison_v his_o own_o brother_n roderike_n in_o bolt_n because_o he_o desire_v part_n of_o his_o father_n land_n this_o year_n also_o rees_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n come_v to_o the_o king_n court_n at_o gloucester_n and_o bring_v with_o he_o such_o lord_n of_o south_n wales_n as_o have_v offend_v the_o king_n to_o do_v he_o homage_n which_o please_v his_o majesty_n exceed_o who_o name_n be_v these_o cadwalhon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n of_o melyenyth_n reese_n cousin_n german_a eneon_n clyt_v of_o eluel_n eneon_n ap_fw-mi rees_n of_o werthrynion_n which_o two_o have_v marry_v two_o of_o his_o daughter_n morgan_z ap_fw-mi caradoc_n ap_fw-mi jestin_n of_o glamorgan_n gruffith_n ap_fw-mi ivor_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n of_o senghennyth_n silsyt_n of_o high_a ggo_v engl._n caerlheon_n restore_v to_o jorwerth_n by_o the_o k._n of_o engl._n which_o three_o have_v marry_v his_o sister_n and_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n of_o caerlheon_n who_o the_o king_n receive_v under_o his_o protection_n restore_v to_o he_o caerlheon_n again_o and_o so_o they_o return_v home_o well_o satisfy_v but_o short_o after_o william_n de_fw-fr bruse_n lord_n of_o brecknock_n desire_v silsyt_v ap_fw-mi dyfnwall_n geoffrey_n his_o son_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o best_a man_n of_o
take_v from_o his_o brother_n gruffith_n arust_o ceri_fw-la cyvelioc_fw-la wowthwy_fw-fr mochant_n and_o caerneon_n and_o let_v he_o only_o enjoy_v the_o cantref_o of_o lhynn_n this_o gruffith_n be_v the_o elder_a brother_n and_o a_o lusty_a gentleman_n but_o base_a bear_v this_o david_n son_n to_o lhewelyn_n do_v contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n take_v his_o brother_n gruffith_n be_v in_o in_o safe_a conduct_n with_o the_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n upon_o who_o promise_n he_o be_v content_a to_o speak_v with_o his_o brother_n and_o imprison_v he_o in_o the_o castle_n of_o crickieth_n the_o year_n 1240_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n the_o most_o valiant_a and_o noble_a prince_n who_o bring_v all_o wales_n to_o his_o subjection_n and_o have_v so_o often_o put_v his_o enemy_n to_o flight_n and_o defend_v his_o country_n enlarge_a the_o meers_n thereof_o further_o than_o they_o have_v be_v many_o year_n before_o pass_v out_o of_o this_o transitory_a life_n and_o be_v honourable_o bury_v at_o the_o abbey_n of_o conwey_n after_o he_o have_v govern_v wales_n well_o and_o worthy_o 56_o year_n this_o prince_n leave_v behind_o he_o one_o son_n call_v david_n beget_v upon_o his_o wife_n joan_n daughter_n of_o king_n john_n by_o who_o also_o he_o have_v a_o daughter_n call_v gladys_n marry_v to_o sr._n ralph_n mortimer_n 307._o mr._n mill_n fol._n 307._o mr._n powell_n call_v his_o other_o son_n gruffith_n base_a but_o mr._n mill_n say_v he_o be_v lawful_o beget_v and_o that_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n marry_v tanglosta_n daughter_n of_o lhoirth_n ap_fw-mi brooi_fw-fr of_o anglessa_fw-mi to_o his_o first_o wife_n by_o who_o he_o have_v this_o gruffith_n s._n john_n dodridge_n knight_n late_o one_o of_o his_o majesty_n judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n say_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n ever_o be_v hold_v in_o chief_a and_o in_o fee_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o prince_n thereof_o be_v then_o of_o their_o own_o nation_n compellable_n upon_o summons_n 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nevertheless_o rather_o in_o title_n than_o possession_n or_o upon_o any_o profit_n obtain_v thereby_o for_o the_o former_a prince_n of_o wales_n continue_v his_o government_n notwithstanding_o this_o between_o who_o and_o the_o say_v edward_n war_n be_v continue_v whereof_o when_o the_o say_v edward_n complain_v the_o say_a king_n make_v this_o answer_n as_o record_v matthew_n paris_n a_o cosmographer_n live_v in_o that_o time_n quid_fw-la ad_fw-la i_o terra_fw-la tua_fw-la est_fw-la ex_fw-la dono_fw-la meo_fw-la 1257._o matth._n paris_n anno_fw-la 1257._o exere_fw-la vires_fw-la primitivas_fw-la famam_fw-la excita_fw-la juvenilem_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr caetero_fw-la timeant_fw-la inimici_fw-la but_o the_o charter_n of_o this_o gift_n be_v not_o now_o ready_o to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o record_n for_o after_o this_o time_n it_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n that_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o othalon_n deacon_n cardinal_n of_o st._n andrews_n prima_fw-la patent_n 51._o hen._n 3._o pars_fw-la prima_fw-la a_o peace_n be_v then_o conclude_v between_o the_o then_o prince_n of_o that_o welsh_a blood_n and_o the_o say_a king_n henry_n the_o 3d._o which_o nevertheless_o as_o it_o seem_v continue_v not_o long_o for_o sundry_a battle_n be_v a_o fight_v between_o they_o viz._n edw._n of_o england_n and_o lhewelyn_n last_o prince_n of_o wales_n david_n the_o son_n of_o lhewelyn_n david_n to_o who_o all_o the_o baron_n in_o wales_n have_v make_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n take_v the_o government_n of_o wales_n after_o his_o father_n who_o within_o a_o month_n after_o come_v to_o the_o king_n to_o gloucester_n and_o do_v he_o homage_n for_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n and_o also_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o wales_n do_v to_o the_o king_n homage_n for_o their_o land_n but_o forthwith_o the_o englishman_n begin_v to_o trouble_v the_o welsh_a after_o their_o accustom_a use_n for_o gilbert_n martial_n come_v with_o a_o army_n and_o fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o aberteini_n the_o year_n ensue_v the_o king_n come_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o wales_n and_o many_o noble_a man_n yield_v to_o he_o because_o they_o hate_v david_n betrayer_n of_o his_o brother_n and_o accurse_a by_o the_o pope_n or_o as_o paris_n say_v excommunicate_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n thus_o he_o write_v when_o richard_n bishop_n of_o bangor_n see_v that_o david_n deal_v so_o hardly_o with_o his_o brother_n gruffith_n contrary_a to_o his_o faithful_a promise_n make_v unto_o the_o say_a bishop_n he_o excommunicate_v he_o and_o then_o withdraw_v himself_o out_o of_o wales_n make_v a_o grievous_a complaint_n to_o the_o king_n against_o david_n most_o instant_o request_v the_o king_n to_o deliver_v gruffith_n out_o of_o prison_n lest_o the_o rumour_n of_o that_o fact_n be_v notify_v in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n and_o other_o country_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n shall_v be_v some_o stain_n of_o the_o king_n honour_n if_o he_o shall_v not_o withstand_v such_o outrageous_a and_o unlawful_a deal_n the_o king_n therefore_o great_o blame_v david_n his_o nephew_n for_o abuse_v his_o brother_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o he_o do_v request_v he_o with_o most_o pithy_a persuasion_n to_o set_v his_o brother_n at_o liberty_n as_o well_o for_o the_o preserve_n of_o his_o own_o credit_n and_o fame_n as_o also_o for_o the_o avoid_n of_o the_o excommunication_n and_o other_o eminent_a danger_n which_o may_v ensue_v of_o that_o matter_n to_o the_o which_o request_n of_o the_o king_n david_n answer_v plain_o that_o he_o will_v not_o deliver_v his_o brother_n out_o of_o prison_n affirm_v constant_o that_o if_o his_o brother_n be_v enlarge_v the_o country_n of_o wales_n will_v be_v in_o great_a disquietness_n whereof_o when_o gruffith_n be_v certify_v he_o send_v private_o to_o the_o king_n promise_v that_o if_o he_o will_v forcible_o deliver_v he_o out_o of_o his_o brother_n prison_n he_o will_v hold_v his_o land_n of_o he_o and_o pay_v he_o 200_o mark_n yearly_a offer_v not_o only_o to_o be_v swear_v upon_o this_o and_o deliver_v pledge_n for_o performance_n thereof_o but_o also_o to_o aid_v the_o king_n to_o bring_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o welshman_n under_o his_o subjection_n further_o gruffith_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n do_v assure_v the_o king_n of_o aid_n if_o he_o will_v come_v to_o wales_n with_o a_o army_n to_o chastise_v david_n for_o his_o falsehood_n and_o injury_n use_v towards_o his_o brother_n moreover_o the_o bishop_n of_o banger_n procure_v the_o land_n of_o david_n to_o be_v interdict_v hen._n 3._o be_v allure_v by_o these_o promise_n on_o gruffiths_n behalf_n levy_v a_o puissant_a army_n to_o go_v into_o wales_n straight_o command_v by_o his_o writ_n all_o such_o as_o ought_v he_o service_n in_o time_n of_o war_n to_o give_v attendance_n upon_o he_o ready_a with_o sword_n and_o armour_n at_o gloucester_n the_o first_o day_n of_o august_n follow_v to_o set_v forward_o against_o his_o enemy_n whether_o the_o king_n come_v at_o the_o day_n appoint_v and_o from_o thence_o go_v to_o salop_n and_o remain_v there_o 15_o day_n during_o the_o king_n abode_n at_o salop_n divers_a noble_a man_n be_v great_a suitor_n unto_o he_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o gruffith_n as_o ralph_n lord_n mortimer_n of_o wigmore_n walter_n clifford_n roger_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi steward_n of_o chester_n maelgon_n the_o son_n of_o maelgon_n meredyth_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n lord_n of_o cydewen_n gruffith_n ap_fw-mi madoc_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n howell_n and_o meredyth_n the_o son_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwyneth_n and_o gruffith_n the_o son_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powis_n these_o wrought_v so_o with_o the_o king_n that_o there_o be_v a_o league_n conclude_v between_o he_o and_o senena_n the_o wife_n of_o the_o say_v gruffith_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o her_o husband_n lie_v then_o in_o his_o brother_n prison_n according_a to_o the_o article_n comprise_v in_o this_o charter_n follow_v
the_o divine_a mystery_n of_o humane_a redemption_n be_v accomplish_v by_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n jesus_n augustus_n caesar_n then_o possess_v the_o roman_a empire_n which_o he_o afterward_o leave_v to_o tiberius_n his_o adopt_a son_n a_o wary_a and_o politic_a prince_n who_o follow_v the_o advice_n and_o example_n of_o augustus_n do_v never_o attempt_v any_o thing_n in_o britain_n nor_o maintain_v any_o garrison_n there_o howbeit_o the_o britain_n at_o that_o time_n be_v well_o affect_v to_o the_o roman_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o entertainment_n which_o their_o petty_a prince_n give_v to_o some_o soldier_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n in_o germany_n who_o cross_v the_o sea_n be_v by_o force_n of_o weather_n cast_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o britain_n and_o from_o thence_o in_o courteous_a manner_n send_v back_o to_o germanicus_n their_o general_n this_o conobelin_n or_o kimbelin_n be_v in_o rome_n when_o the_o bless_a tiding_n of_o the_o incarnation_n of_o the_o son_n of_o god_n be_v declare_v through_o the_o world_n for_o augustus_n after_o the_o death_n of_o julius_n caesar_n successor_n in_o the_o empire_n as_o say_v our_o antiquary_n both_o ancient_a and_o late_a by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n have_v establish_v most_o sure_a peace_n through_o the_o world_n our_o redeemer_n jesus_n christ_n true_a god_n and_o man_n be_v bear_v in_o the_o 42_o year_n of_o his_o empire_n in_o the_o five_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o cunobelin_n or_o kimbelin_n in_o this_o kingdom_n of_o the_o britain_n a_o little_a before_o which_o time_n by_o the_o great_a providence_n of_o god_n to_o make_v this_o our_o britain_n more_o timely_a and_o particular_o partaker_n of_o such_o heavenly_a tiding_n before_o other_o nation_n augustus_n intend_v a_o expedition_n against_o this_o kingdom_n ambassador_n come_v from_o britain_n to_o rome_n entreat_v for_o peace_n swear_v fealty_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o mars_n offer_v gift_n in_o the_o capitol_n to_o the_o god_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o submit_v part_n of_o the_o isle_n to_o augustus_n â—_o mr._n br._n f._n 1._o &_o â—_o they_o give_v he_o for_o security_n so_o many_o great_a noble_n of_o this_o land_n for_o pledge_n and_o hostage_n that_o all_o here_o be_v so_o quiet_a that_o one_o band_n of_o soldier_n and_o a_o few_o horseman_n be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v the_o isle_n in_o the_o roman_a possession_n now_o by_o such_o mean_v the_o roman_n do_v ever_o here_o secure_v themselves_o of_o the_o britain_n from_o their_o first_o invasion_n by_o julius_n caesar_n carrying_z away_o from_o hence_o and_o keep_v at_o rome_n for_o their_o glory_n honour_n and_o quiet_a not_o only_o many_o of_o our_o chief_a nobility_n man_n woman_n and_o child_n but_o of_o the_o regal_a race_n and_o blood_n and_o king_n themselves_o among_o which_o we_o find_v that_o androgius_n son_n and_o heir_n to_o king_n lud_n live_v and_o die_v there_o cassibeline_n his_o uncle_n who_o be_v subdue_v by_o caesar_n give_v hostage_n and_o make_v this_o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n theomantius_fw-la his_o nephew_n and_o successor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o roman_n which_o cassibeline_n have_v grant_v and_o reign_v quiet_o and_o his_o son_n cunobeline_n king_n after_o he_o his_o father_n be_v one_o of_o his_o father_n hostage_n in_o rome_n and_o be_v knight_v there_o adaminus_n son_n of_o king_n cunobeline_n be_v keep_v at_o rome_n by_o cajus_n thus_o much_o and_o much_o more_o mr._n broughton_n that_o eminent_a antiquary_n in_o his_o first_o and_o second_o folio_n out_o of_o divers_a author_n by_o he_o there_o cite_v which_o i_o here_o for_o brevity_n omit_v augustus_n caesar_n the_o emperor_n be_v urge_v by_o the_o roman_n to_o be_v make_v a_o god_n after_o the_o heathenish_a manner_n then_o or_o about_o the_o very_a time_n when_o christ_n be_v bear_v before_o he_o will_v consent_v unto_o it_o consult_v with_o sibylla_n tiburtina_n then_o renown_v for_o her_o prophecy_n sybillam_fw-la tiburtinam_fw-la super_fw-la hoc_fw-la consuluit_fw-la quae_fw-la post_fw-la trium_fw-la dierum_fw-la jejunium_fw-la respondit_fw-la in_o hunc_fw-la modum_fw-la judicii_fw-la in_o signum_fw-la tellus_fw-la sudore_fw-la madescet_fw-la de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la rex_fw-la adveniet_fw-la per_fw-la secla_fw-la futurus_fw-la quorum_fw-la versuum_fw-la capitales_fw-la literae_fw-la hunc_fw-la reddebant_fw-la sensum_fw-la jesus_n christus_fw-la dei_fw-la filius_fw-la salvator_fw-la eo_fw-la illico_fw-la apertum_fw-la est_fw-la coelum_fw-la &_o nimius_fw-la splendour_n irruit_fw-la super_fw-la eum_fw-la &_o vidit_fw-la in_o coelo_fw-la pulcherrimam_fw-la virginem_fw-la stantem_fw-la super_fw-la altar_n pverum_fw-la tenentem_fw-la in_o brachiis_fw-la &_o miratus_fw-la est_fw-la nimis_fw-la &_o vocem_fw-la dicentem_fw-la audivi_fw-la haec_fw-la ara_fw-la silij_fw-la dei_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la statim_fw-la projiciens_fw-la in_o terram_fw-la adoravit_fw-la quam_fw-la visionem_fw-la senatoribus_fw-la retulit_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la mirati_fw-la sunt_fw-la nimis_fw-la after_o she_o have_v fast_v three_o day_n sibylla_n answer_v in_o these_o achrostical_a know_a verse_n who_o first_o letter_n make_v this_o sense_n jesus_n christ_n the_o son_n of_o god_n our_o saviour_n and_o present_o the_o heaven_n open_v and_o a_o exceed_a brightness_n fall_v down_o upon_o the_o emperor_n and_o he_o see_v in_o heaven_n a_o most_o beautiful_a virgin_n stand_v upon_o a_o altar_n hold_v a_o child_n in_o her_o arm_n and_o he_o marvel_v exceed_o and_o hear_v this_o voice_n say_v this_o be_v the_o altar_n of_o the_o son_n of_o god_n whereupon_o present_o prostrate_v himself_o upon_o the_o ground_n he_o adore_v which_o vision_n he_o relate_v to_o the_o senator_n who_o marvellous_o wonder_v at_o it_o and_o this_o miraculous_a preach_n of_o christ_n birth_n so_o far_o off_o then_o at_o rome_n be_v so_o much_o more_o public_a and_o general_a that_o at_o or_o a_o little_a before_o this_o time_n the_o same_o emperor_n as_o suidas_n witness_v augusto_n suidas_n in_o augusto_n in_o their_o then_o great_a sacrifice_n be_v tell_v by_o their_o oracle_n that_o a_o hebrew_n child_n command_v the_o god_n as_o they_o term_v they_o to_o silence_n whereupon_o augustus_n ab_fw-la oraculo_fw-la reversus_fw-la in_o capitolio_fw-la aram_fw-la erexit_fw-la romanisque_fw-la literis_fw-la inscripsit_fw-la haec_fw-la ara_n est_fw-la primogeniti_fw-la dei_fw-la augustus_n return_v from_o the_o oracle_n erect_v a_o altar_n in_o the_o capitol_n and_o make_v this_o inscription_n upon_o it_o in_o roman_a letter_n this_o it_o the_o altar_n of_o the_o first_o and_o only_o beget_v son_n of_o god_n our_o english_a historian_n with_o other_o proceed_v to_o more_o such_o public_a testimony_n concern_v christ_n at_o rome_n 4._o jo._n herc._n in_o martin_n polon_n dedic_n to_o q._n eliz._n martin_n polon_n in_o aug._n &_o alii_fw-la mr._n b._n fol._n 4._o and_o at_o that_o very_a time_n hoc_fw-la ipso_fw-la die_fw-la quo_fw-la natus_fw-la est_fw-la christus_fw-la trans_fw-la tyberim_n fons_fw-la olei_fw-la emanavit_fw-la ac_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la diem_fw-la largissimo_fw-la rivo_fw-la fluxit_fw-la tunc_fw-la etiam_fw-la circulus_fw-la ad_fw-la speciem_fw-la caelestis_fw-la arcu_fw-la circa_fw-la solemn_a apparuit_fw-la etiam_fw-la statim_fw-la ut_fw-la virgo_fw-la peperit_fw-la illa_fw-la statue_n aurea_fw-la corruit_fw-la in_o romuliano_n palatio_fw-la quam_fw-la romulus_n posuerat_fw-la dicens_fw-la non_fw-la cadet_fw-la donec_fw-la virgo_fw-la pariat_fw-la the_o very_a day_n on_o which_o christ_n be_v bear_v beyond_o tiber_n at_o rome_n a_o fountain_n of_o oil_n flow_v and_o run_v with_o a_o most_o large_a stream_n all_o the_o day_n the_o circle_n like_o to_o a_o heavenly_a bow_n appear_v about_o the_o sun_n also_o present_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o virgin_n bring_v forth_o her_o son_n the_o golden_a statue_n in_o the_o palace_n of_o romulus_n fall_v down_o which_o romulus_n place_v 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solos_fw-la retinuit_fw-la sybellinos_fw-la hos_fw-la quoque_fw-la dilectu_fw-la habito_fw-la condiditque_fw-la duobus_fw-la forulis_fw-la auratis_fw-la sub_fw-la palatini_n apollinis_fw-la basi_fw-la he_o gather_v together_o all_o book_n of_o soothsayer_n greek_z and_o latin_a and_o he_o burn_v about_o two_o thousand_o who_o author_n be_v either_o
both_o marius_n and_o wigormensy_n say_v eusebius_n and_o bede_n give_v three_o month_n more_o than_o 23._o year_n because_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o historian_n to_o depute_v unto_o the_o emperor_n that_o year_n wherein_o he_o die_v and_o therefore_o we_o may_v say_v say_v they_o that_o antoninus_n pius_n do_v not_o reign_v full_a twenty_o three_o year_n because_o he_o live_v not_o until_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n mensibus_fw-la item_n tribus_fw-la secundum_fw-la eusebium_fw-la &_o bedam_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la calendas_fw-la novembris_fw-la in_fw-la anno_fw-la 134_o post_fw-la passionem_fw-la domini_fw-la qui_fw-la autem_fw-la mos_fw-la erat_fw-la historicorum_fw-la &_o imperatori_fw-la disputeretur_fw-la anna_n in_fw-la quo_fw-la moreretur_fw-la vel_fw-la regno_fw-la deficeret_fw-la idio_fw-la dici_fw-la potest_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la plenis_fw-la viginti_fw-la tribus_fw-la annis_fw-la antoninus_n pius_fw-la regnavit_fw-la quum_fw-la non_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o finem_fw-la anni_fw-la vixit_fw-la antoninus_n pius_n be_v so_o friendly_a to_o christian_n that_o as_o both_o ancient_n and_o modern_a writer_n witness_v he_o write_v unto_o all_o place_n for_o they_o to_o be_v free_a from_o persecution_n testatur_fw-la melito_n referente_fw-la eusebio_n antoninum_fw-la pium_fw-la generaliter_fw-la ad_fw-la omnes_fw-la civitates_fw-la pro_fw-la christianis_fw-la scripsisse_fw-la and_o in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o people_n of_o asia_n recite_v at_o large_a by_o eusebius_n nicephorus_n and_o other_o writer_n he_o plain_o affirm_v that_o the_o christian_n have_v be_v unjust_o punish_v for_o worship_v the_o one_o true_a god_n '_o mortem_fw-la ab_fw-la singularis_fw-la &_o very_fw-la dei_fw-la cultum_fw-la appetere_fw-la and_o add_v further_a that_o their_o persecutor_n do_v not_o observe_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n and_o therefore_o do_v envy_v the_o christian_n which_o worship_v he_o and_o persecute_v they_o to_o death_n and_o that_o divers_a ruler_n of_o province_n have_v write_v to_o his_o father_n before_o against_o the_o christian_n to_o who_o he_o write_v again_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o trouble_v such_o man_n except_o they_o can_v be_v prove_v to_o do_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o many_o have_v write_v also_o unto_o he_o of_o such_o man_n to_o who_o he_o answer_v according_a to_o his_o father_n sentence_n who_o he_o mean_v to_o follow_v if_o any_o man_n have_v a_o action_n against_o a_o christian_a and_o accuse_v he_o only_o as_o such_o a_o man_n the_o christian_a accuse_v shall_v be_v absolve_v although_o it_o be_v manifest_a he_o be_v such_o a_o one_o and_o his_o accuser_n shall_v be_v punish_v in_o judgement_n and_o that_o christian_n be_v far_o more_o dutiful_a and_o faithful_a to_o god_n than_o their_o persecutor_n be_v and_o although_o divers_a year_n of_o this_o emperor_n reign_n have_v pass_v before_o he_o establish_v such_o public_a order_n for_o the_o quiet_a of_o christian_n and_o much_o persecution_n be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o time_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v think_v to_o have_v have_v warrant_n or_o original_a from_o he_o and_o it_o be_v almost_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o empire_n the_o three_o year_n thereof_o as_o some_o write_v that_o saint_n justine_n write_v and_o deliver_v unto_o he_o his_o apology_n for_o christian_n and_o make_v he_o friendly_a unto_o they_o '_o anno_fw-la gratiae_fw-la 141._o justinus_n philosophus_fw-la librum_fw-la de_fw-la christiano_n religione_fw-la compositum_fw-la antâ—nino_fw-la tradidit_fw-la eumque_fw-la benignum_fw-la erga_fw-la christianis_fw-la ifecit_fw-la and_o he_o be_v surname_v pius_n godly_a by_o some_o judgement_n for_o his_o piety_n towards_o christian_n as_o well_o as_o for_o other_o respect_n '_o antoninus_n pius_n gever_n adriani_n erat_fw-la erga_fw-la christianos_n pius_n and_o he_o himself_o be_v witness_n that_o he_o propose_v his_o adopt_v a_o father_n in_o law_n adrian_n so_o friendly_a to_o christian_n to_o be_v imitate_v by_o he_o herein_o antoninus_fw-la pius_fw-la be_v dead_a marcus_z aurelius_n surname_v philosophus_fw-la possess_v the_o empire_n calphurnius_fw-la agricola_n be_v make_v lieutenant_n of_o the_o province_n who_o at_o his_o first_o entrance_n into_o office_n understand_v of_o some_o new_a tumult_n raise_v during_o the_o vacation_n but_o partly_o by_o policy_n in_o prevent_v occasion_n and_o partly_o by_o show_n of_o force_n his_o very_a name_n strike_v the_o terror_n into_o the_o inhabitant_n by_o revive_v the_o memory_n of_o julius_n agricola_n he_o in_o short_a time_n appease_v they_o deserve_v thereby_o great_a commendation_n though_o the_o glory_n of_o such_o exploit_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n attribute_v to_o the_o emperor_n themselves_o the_o labour_n and_o peril_n in_o attempt_v and_o common_o disgrace_v and_o envy_v after_o victory_n remain_v only_o as_o towards_o their_o minister_n this_o marcus_n aurelius_n by_o the_o command_n or_o direction_n of_o adrian_n 2._o mr._n bro._n f._n 220._o 2._o who_o adopt_a antoninus_n pius_n be_v to_o succeed_v who_o from_o his_o infancy_n he_o have_v train_v up_o in_o the_o gentile_n superstition_n when_o he_o be_v but_o eight_o year_n old_a he_o be_v put_v by_o adrian_n into_o the_o college_n of_o the_o salii_fw-la most_o superstitious_a priest_n of_o mars_n and_o be_v make_v a_o priest_n a_o chief_a prelate_n or_o ruler_n a_o soothsayer_n and_o master_n among_o they_o octavo_fw-la suae_fw-la aetatis_fw-la anno_fw-la ab_fw-la adriano_n in_fw-la saliorum_fw-la collegium_fw-la est_fw-la relatus_fw-la &_o in_o saliatu_fw-la functus_fw-la sacerdotio_fw-la &_o praesul_fw-la &_o vates_fw-la &_o magister_fw-la &_o nonnullos_fw-la inauguravit_fw-la &_o exauguravit_fw-la nemine_fw-la praeeunte_fw-la quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la carmina_fw-la didicisset_fw-la so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v little_a hope_n but_o this_o man_n so_o superstitious_o bring_v up_o and_o such_o a_o maker_n and_o unmaker_n of_o they_o sacrificer_n and_o enchanter_n will_v still_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o and_o profess_v himself_o a_o enemy_n to_o all_o impugner_n of_o such_o proceed_n as_o all_o christian_n be_v which_o he_o perform_v when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v emperor_n raise_v a_o general_a persecution_n against_o christian_n which_o to_o omit_v but_o as_o it_o concern_v this_o kingdom_n and_o the_o christian_n thereof_o the_o holy_a house_n of_o our_o glorious_a countrywoman_n st._n praxedes_o in_o rome_n which_o until_o then_o both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o saint_n novatus_n her_o brother_n her_o holy_a parent_n st._n pudens_n and_o st._n claudia_n sabinella_n or_o priscilla_n and_o likely_a as_o before_o under_o her_o parent_n also_o christian_a britain_n have_v be_v a_o safe_a refuge_n and_o a_o sanctuary_n for_o the_o persecute_a christian_n be_v most_o cruel_o ransack_v britain_n act_n st._n prax._n per_fw-la st._n pastor_n martyr_n rom._n die_v 26_o maii._fw-la beda_n vsuard_n &_o ado_n eodem_fw-la die_fw-la petr._n catal._n li._n 5._o c._n 58._o baron_fw-fr tom._n 2._o anna._n a_o 164._o st._n marcellus_n a_o britain_n and_o twenty_o two_o holy_a martyr_n together_o with_o the_o sacred_a priest_n simitrius_n most_o barbarous_o without_o any_o trial_n question_n or_o judgement_n present_o put_v to_o death_n of_o which_o bless_a company_n we_o may_v not_o but_o think_v divers_a of_o this_o kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v and_o st._n timothy_n himself_o return_v from_o hence_o to_o rome_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n and_o sister_n st._n novatus_n and_o st._n pudentiana_n be_v martyr_a there_o and_o before_o the_o 62_o year_n of_o christ_n if_o we_o will_v allow_v of_o matthew_n of_o westminster_n his_o computation_n who_o say_v that_o justus_n bishop_n of_o vienna_n after_o long_a exile_n be_v martyr_a that_o year_n as_o for_o our_o st._n timothy_n st._n pius_n the_o pope_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o st._n justus_n write_v of_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o our_o st._n timothy_n and_o by_o no_o account_n he_o live_v not_o above_o four_o year_n long_o but_o be_v martyr_a in_o this_o time_n so_o by_o some_o account_v our_o glorious_a countryman_n st._n marcellus_n so_o diligent_a a_o procurer_n of_o the_o conversion_n of_o king_n lucius_n be_v martyr_a in_o this_o persecution_n and_o to_o heap_v up_o the_o measure_n of_o fear_n for_o christian_a britain_n this_o emperor_n do_v not_o only_o thus_o persecute_v we_o abroad_o but_o send_v calphurnius_fw-la agricola_n hither_o into_o britain_n with_o arm_a troop_n to_o keep_v the_o britain_n in_o subjection_n as_o roman_a pagan_a writer_n term_v it_o but_o britain_n may_v say_v in_o slavery_n these_o and_o such_o be_v the_o worldly_a temptation_n which_o allure_v king_n lucius_n and_o many_o noble_a britain_n to_o be_v more_o timorous_a and_o linger_a to_o profess_v the_o christian_a faith_n with_o such_o constancy_n open_o as_o inward_o they_o firm_o believe_v and_o honour_v until_o the_o emperor_n himself_o convict_v by_o the_o write_a apology_n and_o miracle_n wrought_v by_o christian_n be_v enforce_v to_o yield_v the_o honour_n to_o christ_n and_o abstain_v from_o persecution_n and_o many_o of_o his_o noble_a pagan_n embrace_v christian_a religion_n
mar._n scel_n a_o 163._o bar._n tom._n 2._o annal._n a_o eod_a that_o king_n lucius_n of_o britain_n be_v the_o disciple_n of_o st._n timothy_n for_o which_o he_o cit_v the_o magdeburgian_o stumphius_fw-la and_o the_o annal_n of_o cur_n in_o germany_n and_o naeuclerus_n with_o other_o write_v clear_o that_o one_o st._n timothy_n come_v into_o britain_n and_o lucius_n king_n of_o britain_n and_o his_o kingdom_n do_v receive_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n from_o he_o mr._n broughton_n affirm_v that_o this_o our_o glorious_a countryman_n st._n timothy_n be_v son_n unto_o the_o lady_n claudia_n and_o brother_n to_o st._n novatus_n st._n pudentiana_n and_o praxedes_n great_a honour_n it_o be_v for_o the_o first_o christian_a king_n of_o this_o nation_n the_o first_o christian_a king_n in_o the_o world_n to_o be_v instruct_v in_o the_o faith_n by_o so_o noble_a a_o renown_a apostle_n of_o his_o own_o nation_n what_o be_v the_o impediment_n in_o temporal_a respect_n which_o hinder_v king_n lucius_n from_o public_a profession_n of_o christian_a religion_n wherein_o he_o be_v thus_o instruct_v until_o or_o near_o the_o papacy_n of_o st._n elutherius_n shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o this_o st._n timothy_n be_v assist_v by_o st._n marcellus_n a_o britain_n also_o and_o preach_v here_o and_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o trever_n say_v of_o this_o man_n that_o lucius_n king_n of_o britain_n now_o england_n be_v baptize_v by_o his_o preach_n the_o history_n of_o tunger_n speak_v more_o plain_o that_o this_o st_n marcellus_n do_v by_o his_o preach_a convert_n lucius_n prince_n of_o britain_n with_o all_o his_o nation_n to_o christ_n and_o the_o same_o catalogue_n of_o trevers_n say_v that_o king_n lucius_n be_v make_v a_o christian_a and_o baptise_a by_o this_o our_o renown_a countryman_n st._n marcellus_n when_o the_o estate_n of_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n have_v take_v in_o britain_n so_o happy_a proceed_n and_o effect_n that_o both_o our_o king_n and_o many_o principal_a man_n be_v thus_o convert_v to_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n from_o their_o former_a error_n and_o superstition_n and_o so_o great_a hope_n and_o forwardness_n there_o be_v to_o have_v that_o faith_n public_o profess_v which_o they_o private_o embrace_v and_o acknowledge_v for_o the_o only_a truth_n many_o worldly_a temptation_n and_o opposition_n do_v present_o arise_v to_o hinder_v these_o new_a and_o untrained_a soldier_n of_o christ_n to_o make_v so_o bold_a and_o open_a profession_n of_o their_o holy_a religion_n as_o many_o holy_a martyr_n at_o that_o time_n and_o they_o themselves_o not_o long_o after_o do_v and_o the_o glory_n of_o that_o require_v britain_n divers_a humane_a fear_n and_o impediment_n now_o chance_v and_o hinder_v of_o k._n lucius_n from_o open_a profession_n of_o christian_a religion_n in_o britain_n for_o as_o we_o may_v probable_o with_o many_o antiquity_n affirm_v that_o the_o favourable_a edict_n of_o divers_a emperor_n and_o among_o they_o antoninus_n surname_v pius_n yet_o reign_v have_v somewhat_o encourage_v they_o in_o temporal_a respect_n actual_o to_o be_v baptize_v in_o that_o religion_n which_o their_o internal_a understanding_n and_o judgement_n be_v by_o many_o invincible_a motive_n and_o argument_n convince_v before_o to_o be_v only_o true_a so_o now_o by_o like_a contrary_a worldly_a event_n and_o let_n they_o be_v for_o some_o time_n more_o slow_a and_o dull_a to_o profess_v it_o open_o they_o do_v perfect_o understand_v that_o not_o withstand_v the_o pretend_a and_o expect_a favour_n from_o the_o present_a emperor_n either_o by_o his_o command_n or_o permission_n two_o holy_a pope_n to_o omit_v many_o other_o place_n st._n telesphorus_n and_o st._n higinus_n procurer_n of_o their_o conversion_n cruel_o be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o that_o religion_n even_o in_o rome_n itself_o under_o the_o emperor_n sight_n within_o the_o space_n of_o four_o year_n or_o little_o more_o by_o all_o account_n and_o because_o present_v and_o home_o danger_n do_v most_o terrify_v they_o do_v see_v and_o taste_v that_o the_o present_a emperor_n antoninus_n be_v at_o this_o time_n incense_v against_o the_o britain_n and_o have_v already_o send_v lollius_n vrbicus_n with_o force_n hither_o and_o he_o have_v fight_v some_o battle_n against_o the_o britain_n as_o both_o our_o own_o and_o the_o roman_a historian_n testify_v and_o to_o maintain_v and_o foster_v these_o conceive_v and_o engender_v humane_a fear_n and_o impression_n to_o live_v and_o continue_v long_o than_o antoninus_n be_v like_a to_o live_v now_o be_v old_a and_o long_a time_n emperor_n when_o he_o come_v first_o to_o the_o empire_n by_o the_o adoption_n of_o adrian_n he_o be_v command_v or_o direct_v by_o he_o that_o marcus_n aurelius_n antoninus_n 164._o act._n st._n prax_v per_fw-la st._n pastor_n vsuard_n &_o ado._n peter_n catal._n l._n 5._o c._n 58._o baron_fw-fr tom._n 2._o an._n 164._o who_o from_o his_o infancy_n he_o have_v train_v up_o in_o the_o gentile_n superstition_n shall_v succeed_v he_o in_o the_o empire_n when_o he_o be_v but_o eight_o year_n of_o age_n he_o be_v put_v by_o adrian_n into_o the_o college_n of_o the_o salii_fw-la most_o superstitious_a priest_n of_o mars_n and_o be_v make_v priest_n and_o chief_a ruler_n of_o the_o soothsayer_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v little_a hope_n but_o this_o man_n so_o superstitious_o bring_v up_o and_o such_o a_o maker_n and_o unmaker_n of_o their_o sacrifice_n and_o a_o enchanter_n will_v still_o continue_v the_o same_o and_o profess_v himself_o a_o enemy_n to_o all_o impugner_n of_o such_o proceed_n such_o as_o all_o christian_n be_v which_o he_o perform_v when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v emperor_n raise_v a_o general_a persecution_n against_o christian_n which_o to_o omit_v but_o as_o it_o concern_v this_o kingdom_n and_o the_o christian_n thereof_o the_o holy_a house_n of_o our_o glorious_a countreywoman_n st._n praxedes_o in_o rome_n which_o until_o then_o both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o st._n novatus_n her_o brother_n her_o holy_a parent_n st._n pudens_n and_o st._n claudia_n 166._o baron_fw-fr tom._n 2._o a_o 166._o sabinella_n or_o priscilla_n and_o likely_a before_o as_o under_o her_o parent_n also_o christian_a britain_n have_v be_v a_o safe_a refuge_n and_o as_o a_o sanctuary_n for_o persecute_a christian_n be_v now_o cruel_o ransack_v and_o twenty_o two_o holy_a martyr_n together_o with_o the_o sacred_a priest_n st._n simitrius_n most_o barbarous_o without_o trial_n question_n judgement_n present_o put_v to_o death_n of_o which_o bless_a company_n we_o may_v not_o but_o think_v divers_a of_o this_o country_n to_o have_v be_v and_o st._n timothy_n himself_o return_v from_o hence_o to_o rome_n aurel._n julius_n capil_n marc._n aurel._n be_v there_o martyr_a if_o we_o may_v believe_v matthew_n of_o westminster_n his_o computation_n 42._o ibid._n virgil._n in_o hist_n angl._n l_o 2._o p._n 42._o these_o and_o such_o be_v the_o worldly_a temptation_n which_o allure_v king_n lucius_n and_o many_o noble_a britain_n to_o be_v more_o timorous_a and_o linger_a to_o profess_v the_o christian_a faith_n with_o such_o constancy_n open_o as_o inward_o they_o firm_o believe_v and_o honour_v until_o the_o emperor_n himself_o convict_v by_o the_o write_a apology_n and_o miracle_n wrought_v by_o christian_n be_v enforce_v to_o yield_v the_o honour_n to_o christ_n and_o abstain_v from_o persecution_n and_o many_o of_o his_o noble_a pagan_n embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n 174._o tertul._n apol._n c._n 6._o euseb_n eccle._n hist_o l._n 5._o c._n 5._o math._n west_n a_o 174._o and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a occasion_n of_o mistake_v in_o some_o historian_n or_o their_o scribe_n set_v down_o so_o many_o and_o several_a time_n when_o king_n lucius_n receive_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n or_o profess_v it_o many_o say_v it_o be_v in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 156._o other_o in_o the_o year_n 164._o other_o 165._o as_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n with_o other_o henry_n of_o hartford_n in_o the_o year_n 169._o and_o other_o in_o other_o and_o late_a time_n all_o which_o be_v true_a if_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o religion_n of_o christ_n which_o he_o hold_v and_o believe_v from_o the_o very_a first_o of_o these_o assign_a time_n but_o for_o his_o and_o his_o noble_n public_a profession_n thereof_o and_o the_o kingdom_n general_o receive_v it_o with_o build_v of_o church_n place_v of_o christian_a bishop_n and_o priest_n in_o they_o &_o abandon_v the_o superstitious_a rite_n of_o pagan_a gentile_n we_o must_v expect_v a_o late_a date_n in_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n elutherius_n and_o this_o holy_a pope_n have_v long_o before_o he_o be_v pope_n the_o often_o occasion_n of_o k._n lucius_n &_o other_o here_o writing_n &_o send_v to_o rome_n about_o this_o public_a work_n may_v occasion_v some_o error_n in_o the_o title_n of_o letter_n to_o elutherius_n when_o he_o be_v not_o yet_o pope_n but_o
empress_n martia_n a_o britain_n and_o by_o the_o roman_a writer_n themselves_o he_o be_v at_o this_o time_n when_o he_o be_v slay_v at_o york_n 65_o year_n old_a and_o although_o he_o leave_v thirty_o two_o legion_n as_o dio_n write_v to_o defend_v that_o his_o temporal_a empire_n which_o have_v so_o persecute_v the_o church_n of_o christ_n yet_o that_o temporal_a empire_n with_o all_o those_o prop_n begin_v to_o stagger_v 7._o tertul._n adver_o judaeos_fw-la c._n 7._o and_o notwithstanding_o so_o great_a persecution_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o christ_n as_o tertullian_n then_o live_v witness_v be_v adore_v and_o rule_v in_o all_o place_n and_o particular_o here_o in_o britain_n and_o it_o be_v general_o agree_v upon_o by_o our_o both_o british_a and_o saxon_a historian_n and_o antiquary_n that_o after_o his_o discomfiture_n by_o severus_n he_o go_v over_o into_o scythia_n interpret_v to_o be_v that_o country_n which_o we_o now_o call_v denmark_n ninia_n geff._n mon._n sup_v c._n 3._o fab._n hist_o polycr_n harris_n discrip_n of_o brit._n c._n 22._o hollensh_fw-mi hist_o of_o eng._n l._n 4._o c._n 23._o bede_n eccl._n hist_n l._n 1._o capg_n in_o st._n ninian_n hect._n boet._n scoto_n hist_o l._n 7._o bal._n l._n the_o scrip_n cent_n 1._o in_o ninia_n and_o bring_v with_o he_o a_o great_a army_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o nation_n which_o our_o antiquity_n call_v pict_n before_o he_o fight_v with_o severus_n and_o they_o both_o be_v there_o slay_v or_o die_v at_o york_n these_o be_v none_o of_o the_o christian_a pict_n or_o scot_n which_o live_v in_o our_o island_n who_o have_v join_v with_o fulgenius_n before_o and_o many_o of_o they_o be_v slay_v as_o the_o same_o author_n testify_v but_o they_o be_v pagan_a pict_n of_o who_o many_o remain_v here_o after_o the_o death_n of_o these_o two_o general_n and_o have_v a_o place_n give_v they_o to_o inhabit_v in_o the_o country_n of_o albania_n thus_o write_v our_o british_a historian_n and_o our_o modern_a antiquary_n agree_v when_o they_o say_v that_o carausius_n give_v unto_o the_o scot_n pict_n and_o scythian_n the_o country_n of_o cathnesse_n in_o scotland_n which_o they_o afterward_o inhabit_v so_o these_o be_v those_o pagan_a pict_n and_o people_n which_o st._n ninian_n and_o other_o send_v from_o rome_n do_v long_o after_o convert_v to_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n as_o st._n bede_n and_o other_o testify_v for_o the_o islander_n which_o be_v pict_n and_o scot_n be_v convert_v in_o pope_n victor_n his_o time_n which_o be_v another_o argument_n against_o the_o scottish_a writer_n which_o will_v have_v themselves_o seat_v in_o the_o country_n now_o call_v scotland_n so_o long_o a_o duration_n of_o year_n as_o they_o claim_v bassianus_n be_v advertise_v of_o his_o father_n death_n practise_v with_o the_o soldier_n by_o bribe_n and_o fair_a promise_n that_o he_o may_v be_v declare_v sole_a emperor_n whereto_o when_o he_o can_v not_o persuade_v they_o for_o the_o reverence_n they_o bear_v to_o his_o father_n severus_n he_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o northern_a britain_n that_o then_o assail_v the_o border_n and_o return_v to_o york_n to_o meet_v with_o julia_n the_o empress_n his_o mother_n in_o law_n and_o geta_n his_o brother_n there_o he_o cause_v the_o physician_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o not_o rid_v his_o father_n soon_o out_o of_o the_o way_n as_o he_o have_v command_v they_o than_o he_o appoint_v secret_o to_o the_o slaughter_n all_o those_o that_o for_o their_o virtue_n and_o wisdom_n have_v be_v esteem_v and_o advance_v by_o his_o father_n and_o all_o such_o as_o have_v be_v tutor_n to_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n and_o advise_v they_o to_o mutual_a concord_n this_o do_v he_o enter_v into_o consultation_n about_o his_o father_n funeral_n which_o be_v solemnize_v by_o the_o army_n with_o all_o due_a right_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n in_o time_n of_o war_n the_o ash_n of_o the_o dead_a body_n be_v put_v into_o a_o golden_a urn_n be_v afterward_o by_o julia_n the_o empress_n accompany_v with_o the_o two_o caesar_n carry_v to_o rome_n where_o severus_n after_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n be_v consecrate_v a_o god_n severus_n leave_v as_o be_v relate_v two_o son_n bassianus_n and_o geta_n and_o if_o fulgenius_n who_o be_v by_o divers_a call_v king_n though_o indeed_o he_o be_v only_a dux_n populi_fw-la have_v any_o right_n by_o descent_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o britain_n see_v we_o read_v of_o no_o child_n or_o brother_n he_o leave_v behind_o he_o that_o the_o title_n which_o he_o claim_v must_v needs_o descend_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o severus_n which_o be_v bassianus_n son_n also_o to_o the_o sister_n of_o fulgenius_n as_o some_o before_o have_v write_v now_o have_v by_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n severus_n and_o uncle_n fulgenius_n both_o their_o title_n with_o the_o allowance_n of_o the_o empress_n martia_n his_o mother_n lawful_o invest_v in_o he_o therefore_o to_o decide_v and_o end_v all_o controversy_n in_o this_o business_n the_o britain_n with_o common_a assent_n do_v choose_v and_o accept_v bassianus_z both_o for_o their_o king_n be_v the_o next_o and_o undoubted_a heir_n whether_o we_o shall_v stand_v either_o upon_o his_o father_n or_o uncle_n title_n as_o also_o for_o emperor_n 2._o mr._n bro._n 370._o 1_o &_o 2._o as_o the_o elder_a son_n and_o heir_n of_o severus_n undoubted_a emperor_n and_o for_o his_o leave_v son_n behind_o as_o the_o chief_a cause_n make_v a_o god_n among_o the_o roman_n so_o write_v herodian_a with_o other_o severo_n herodian_a l._n 4._o stow._n hist_o roman_n in_o severo_n mos_fw-la est_fw-la romanis_n consecrare_fw-la imperatores_fw-la qui_fw-la superstitibus_fw-la filiis_fw-la vel_fw-la successoribus_fw-la moriuntur_fw-la and_o a_o english_a antiquary_n though_o not_o cite_v authority_n deliver_v the_o same_o in_o these_o word_n the_o roman_n accustom_v to_o consecrate_v with_o immortality_n such_o emperor_n as_o at_o their_o death_n leave_v either_o child_n or_o successor_n in_o the_o empire_n behind_o they_o caracalla_n harrison_n disc_fw-la of_o brit._n c._n 22._o french_a manusc_n antiq_fw-la c._n 109._o galf._n mon._n l._n 5_o c._n 2._o pont._n virun_n l._n 5._o c._n 2._o mat._n west_n a_o 206._o harding_n chro_n in_o sever._n &_o bass_n hollensh_fw-mi hist_o of_o eng._n l._n 4._o c._n 22._o harris_n disc_fw-la brit._n c._n 22._o tertul._n ad_fw-la scapu_fw-la c._n 4._o spartian_a in_o caracalla_n and_o those_o which_o be_v endue_v with_o that_o honour_n they_o canonize_v among_o the_o go_n therefore_o to_o use_v the_o speech_n of_o a_o other_o late_a author_n severus_n by_o birth_n a_o roman_a but_o in_o blood_n a_o britain_n and_o the_o lineal_a heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o androgeas_n son_n of_o lud_n and_o nephew_n to_o cassibelan_n be_v emperor_n and_o king_n of_o britain_n geta_n bear_v of_o a_o roman_a woman_n julia_n be_v choose_v emperor_n by_o divers_a roman_n but_o soon_o after_o slay_v by_o his_o half_a brother_n bassianus_n the_o britain_n this_o bassianus_n reign_v alone_o both_o emperor_n &_o king_n of_o britain_n till_o his_o death_n beside_o his_o hereditary_a title_n to_o this_o kingdom_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o christian_a britain_n here_o be_v not_o a_o little_a move_v to_o choose_v and_o receive_v he_o for_o their_o king_n for_o the_o hope_n they_o have_v he_o will_v either_o become_v a_o christian_n or_o at_o least_o a_o friend_n and_o no_o enemy_n to_o that_o profession_n of_o which_o in_o his_o youth_n and_o tender_a year_n he_o have_v give_v no_o vulgar_a argument_n for_o beside_o many_o other_o hopeful_a grace_n and_o gift_n he_o be_v then_o endue_v with_o he_o be_v bring_v up_o by_o a_o christian_a nurse_n and_o with_o christian_a child_n when_o he_o do_v see_v any_o christian_a martyr_n bring_v to_o wild_a beast_n to_o be_v kill_v and_o devour_v he_o will_v weep_v and_o turn_v his_o face_n away_o as_o spartianus_n be_v a_o ample_a witness_n and_o be_v but_o seven_o year_n old_a hear_v that_o one_o of_o his_o christian_a playfellow_n be_v grievous_o beat_v for_o that_o his_o religion_n as_o the_o common_a interpretation_n be_v he_o can_v not_o long_o after_o endure_v the_o procure_v of_o his_o beat_n and_o in_o this_o hope_n of_o the_o britain_n now_o christian_n that_o bassianus_n will_v rather_o be_v a_o friend_n then_o persecutor_n of_o such_o they_o be_v not_o deceive_v for_o although_o contrary_a to_o his_o first_o education_n when_o he_o be_v with_o christian_n be_v separate_v from_o they_o he_o fall_v to_o so_o many_o kind_n of_o impiety_n as_o writer_n do_v report_n and_o put_v innumerable_a of_o the_o pagan_a roman_a noble_n to_o death_n and_o many_o of_o they_o which_o have_v be_v great_a enemy_n to_o christian_n yet_o he_o die_v innocent_a from_o christian_a blood_n and_o persecution_n 371._o mr._n br._n 371._o and_o by_o his_o severe_a
for_o their_o delivery_n o_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n from_o who_o most_o holy_a side_n i_o have_v see_v both_o blood_n and_o water_n to_o flow_v grant_v i_o beseech_v thou_o that_o the_o water_n decrease_v and_o the_o river_n may_v go_v away_o that_o all_o this_o people_n may_v safe_a and_o sound_o be_v present_a at_o my_o passion_n a_o wonderful_a thing_n to_o behold_v whilst_o st._n alban_n thus_o kneel_v and_o pray_v the_o stream_n be_v dry_v up_o and_o the_o tear_n of_o st._n alban_n leave_v no_o water_n in_o the_o channel_n the_o power_n of_o his_o prayer_n consume_v the_o river_n and_o make_v a_o way_n for_o the_o people_n between_o the_o water_n and_o they_o who_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n have_v take_v away_o enclose_v and_o destroy_v be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o river_n without_o any_o hurt_n have_v no_o sign_n of_o death_n in_o they_o the_o soldier_n which_o draw_v st._n alban_n to_o these_o torment_n see_v this_o strange_a miracle_n be_v as_o strange_o thereby_o convert_v to_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n throw_v away_o his_o sword_n and_o prostrate_v himself_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o saint_n crave_v pardon_n but_o the_o other_o pagan_n draw_v st._n alban_n up_o &_o down_o among_o the_o brier_n &_o rough_a place_n so_o that_o the_o thorn_n and_o root_n of_o tree_n do_v pull_v piece_n of_o flesh_n from_o his_o foot_n and_o yet_o this_o merciful_a and_o miraculous_a saint_n see_v the_o people_n to_o be_v afflict_v with_o thirst_n in_o the_o mountain_n thus_o pray_v for_o their_o relief_n o_o god_n who_o do_v create_v man_n of_o the_o slime_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o beseech_v thou_o suffer_v no_o creature_n to_o sustain_v any_o hurt_n for_o my_o cause_n and_o present_o a_o well_o of_o water_n spring_v up_o before_o his_o foot_n by_o which_o they_o be_v refresh_v the_o executioner_n cut_v off_o st._n alban_n head_n but_o his_o eye_n fall_v out_o of_o his_o own_o head_n therewith_o gor._n hiericus_n gallus_n in_o vita_fw-la st._n gor._n many_o so_o witness_v among_o who_o hiericus_n gallus_n in_o st._n germane_a life_n millia_fw-la poenarum_fw-la christi_fw-la pro_fw-la nomine_fw-la passus_fw-la quem_fw-la tandem_fw-la rapuit_fw-la capitis_fw-la sententia_fw-la caesi_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la lictori_fw-la cessit_fw-la res_fw-la tuta_fw-la superbo_fw-la utque_fw-la caput_fw-la sancto_fw-la reciderunt_fw-la lumina_fw-la saevo_fw-la so_o have_v the_o british_a writer_n of_o st._n alban_n life_n then_o live_v a_o pagan_a as_o himself_o confess_v and_o as_o may_v be_v gather_v by_o his_o own_o narration_n present_a at_o his_o martyrdom_n lest_o they_o which_o shall_v come_v hereafter_o may_v be_v doubtful_a of_o my_o name_n they_o shall_v call_v i_o a_o wretched_a and_o the_o great_a sinner_n and_o i_o go_v to_o rome_n that_o cast_v off_o the_o error_n of_o paganism_n i_o may_v be_v baptize_v and_o deserve_v to_o obtain_v pardon_n of_o my_o sin_n and_o this_o my_o short_a treatise_n i_o will_v offer_v to_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o roman_n that_o if_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v utter_v in_o it_o otherwise_o than_o it_o ought_v our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n who_o live_v and_o reign_v god_n world_n without_o end_n may_v vouchsafe_v by_o they_o to_o amend_v it_o wherefore_o see_v the_o great_a honour_n and_o reverence_n which_o the_o christian_n and_o christianly_o man_n of_o that_o age_n even_o here_o in_o britain_n do_v acknowledge_v as_o due_a to_o that_o holy_a see_v that_o they_o refer_v the_o examen_fw-la and_o censure_n of_o their_o writing_n even_o of_o historical_a and_o practical_a thing_n act_v so_o far_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o judgement_n thereof_o but_o to_o finish_v this_o funeral_n honour_n of_o this_o our_o glorious_a martyr_n although_o we_o do_v not_o find_v any_o man_n then_o which_o for_o fear_n of_o the_o persecutor_n present_v himself_o to_o bury_v his_o holy_a body_n but_o the_o valiant_a soldier_n now_o the_o soldier_n of_o christ_n convert_v unto_o he_o which_o have_v bold_o before_o they_o all_o reverence_v the_o relic_n of_o st._n alban_n who_o there_o dig_v a_o grave_n and_o lay_v the_o martyr_n body_n therein_o which_o be_v all_o he_o can_v do_v then_o 303._o mat._n west_n a_o 303._o yet_o god_n will_v in_o who_o sight_n the_o death_n of_o his_o saint_n be_v precious_a as_o he_o have_v now_o glorify_v his_o martyr_n soul_n in_o heaven_n so_o yield_v he_o from_o thence_o extraordinary_a honour_n to_o his_o body_n so_o mean_o bury_v make_v his_o poor_a grave_n more_o glorious_a than_o the_o sumptuous_a tomb_n of_o any_o roman_a emperor_n his_o persecutor_n or_o other_o for_o in_o the_o next_o night_n now_o follow_v a_o pillar_n of_o light_n be_v see_v of_o all_o the_o pagan_n themselves_o to_o stretch_v up_o from_o the_o grave_n of_o the_o holy_a martyr_n unto_o heaven_n by_o which_o angel_n descend_v and_o ascend_v spend_v all_o the_o night_n in_o praise_v god_n and_o among_o other_o thing_n which_o they_o do_v sing_v these_o word_n be_v often_o repeat_v and_o hear_v the_o renown_a man_n alban_n the_o martyr_n supra_fw-la mr_n br._n f_o 441._o 5._o autho_n â—o_o britt_n aquavitae_fw-la s._n albani_n manus_fw-la antiq._n in_o vita_fw-la eius_fw-la capg_n in_o eodem_fw-la manus_fw-la antiq_fw-la in_fw-la vita_fw-la s._n ample_n capg_n in_o eodem_fw-la bed_n l._n 1._o hist_o c_o 7._o hen._n hunt_n l_o 1._o hist_o m_o w._n a_o 303._o manus_fw-la antiq._n in_o s_n amp._n cap._n in_o eodem_fw-la bede_n l_o 1_o hist_o c_o 18._o tho._n walse_v hist_o angl._n in_o edw._n 2._o tho._n walse_v ut_fw-la supra_fw-la and_o a_o thousand_o of_o pagan_n be_v hereby_o convert_v to_o christ_n st._n bede_n witness_v that_o from_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o st._n alban_n to_o his_o time_n cure_n and_o oft_o miracle_n be_v wrought_v in_o the_o place_n of_o his_o martyrdom_n so_o have_v henry_n huntingdon_n long_v after_o for_o his_o day_n also_o the_o cross_n which_o he_o have_v in_o his_o hand_n when_o he_o suffer_v martyrdom_n and_o be_v thereby_o sprinkle_v with_o his_o holy_a blood_n be_v reverent_o preserve_v by_o the_o christian_n then_o and_o present_v to_o st._n amphibalus_fw-la with_o great_a honour_n the_o very_a ground_n whereon_o st._n alban_n suffer_v retain_v drop_n of_o his_o blood_n when_o st._n german_a be_v send_v thither_o by_o pope_n celestine_n and_o he_o carry_v part_n thereof_o with_o he_o as_o a_o great_a relict_n his_o coat_n caracalla_n which_o he_o have_v of_o st._n amphibalus_fw-la and_o wherein_o he_o suffer_v martyrdom_n be_v keep_v as_o a_o great_a relict_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o ii_o the_o king_n himself_o with_o many_o noble_n present_a witness_n be_v so_o fresh_o bespot_v with_o this_o martyr_n blood_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v do_v but_o the_o day_n before_o so_o miraculous_o preserve_v as_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o place_n of_o his_o passion_n great_a be_v the_o honour_n which_o our_o own_o both_o british_a and_o english_a history_n and_o also_o foreign_a yield_v to_o the_o soldier_n until_o then_o pagan_a who_o be_v one_o that_o lead_v st._n alban_n to_o his_o martyrdom_n and_o convert_v by_o his_o miracle_n by_o the_o way_n be_v then_o and_o there_o also_o most_o cruel_o martyr_v st._n gildas_n say_v this_o martyr_n be_v convert_v by_o the_o miracle_n st._n alban_n show_v when_o by_o his_o prayer_n the_o deep_a river_n give_v place_n to_o he_o and_o a_o thousand_o with_o he_o to_o pass_v over_o not_o wet_v their_o foot_n the_o water_n on_o both_o side_n stand_v like_o wall_n as_o they_o do_v to_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n to_o give_v they_o passage_n be_v of_o a_o wolf_n make_v a_o lamb_n and_o do_v both_o vehement_o desire_n and_o valiant_o endure_v martyrdom_n with_o he_o st._n bede_n relate_v this_o history_n in_o like_a manner_n yet_o with_o more_o emphasis_n of_o his_o glory_n for_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o same_o strange_a miracle_n by_o which_o this_o soldier_n be_v convert_v call_v he_o carnifex_n the_o design_a executioner_n to_o put_v st._n alban_n to_o death_n as_o s._n gildas_n and_o other_o do_v to_o show_v how_o wonderful_o the_o grace_n of_o christ_n wrought_v in_o he_o he_o add_v that_o by_o divine_a inspiration_n he_o make_v all_o speed_n he_o can_v to_o come_v to_o st._n alban_n and_o cast_v away_o his_o sword_n that_o be_v draw_v to_o behead_v st._n alban_n prostrate_v himself_o before_o his_o foot_n the_o whole_a assembly_n behold_v it_o great_o desire_v that_o he_o himself_o may_v be_v worthy_a to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n with_o the_o martyr_n which_o he_o be_v command_v to_o strike_v and_o so_o of_o a_o persecutor_n he_o become_v a_o companion_n in_o truth_n and_o faith_n this_o st._n heraclius_n for_o so_o be_v this_o happy_a soldier_n call_v have_v resolute_o deny_v his_o paganism_n crave_v pardon_n for_o his_o error_n and_o confess_v christ_n open_o
overthrow_v the_o other_o that_o she_o be_v a_o stranger_n and_o base_o bear_v for_o except_v those_o that_o wander_v in_o that_o tract_n all_o agree_v she_o be_v the_o sole_a daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o noble_a british_a king_n coel_n far_o from_o be_v either_o a_o alien_n or_o of_o base_a parentage_n and_o descent_n and_o the_o more_o easy_o to_o overthrow_v they_o it_z first_o fighteth_z with_o and_o so_o overthrow_v itself_o some_o which_o incline_v to_o this_o error_n say_v that_o she_o do_v secret_o fly_v out_o of_o her_o country_n and_o go_v to_o rome_n and_o there_o be_v so_o familiar_a with_o constantius_n the_o emperor_n but_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o all_o history_n that_o constantius_n at_o the_o first_o acquaintance_n with_o helena_n be_v not_o emperor_n nor_o long_o after_o neither_o be_v he_o at_o rome_n but_o in_o britain_n in_o this_o time_n send_v hither_o by_o aurelianus_n the_o emperor_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 273_o and_o as_o both_o zosimus_n and_o suidas_n say_v live_v most_o here_o and_o be_v send_v hither_o by_o aurelianus_n the_o emperor_n as_o so_o many_o agree_v to_o have_v long_a employment_n and_o great_a cause_n to_o stay_v here_o he_o must_v needs_o come_v hither_o about_o that_o time_n maximi_fw-la marti_fw-la polo_n coxton_n fol._n 38._o hollinshed_n hist_o of_o eng._n l_o 4._o capg_n in_o st._n helen_n nicep_v l._n 7._o c._n 18._o andre_n chesne_n l._n 4._o hist_o marie_n l._n 2_o aetat_fw-la 6._o in_o const_n flor._n wigorn._n chronico_fw-la regi_fw-la in_o a_o 243._o mar._n polo_n in_o supputa_fw-la a_o 307._o otto_n frigen_n l._n 3._o c._n 45._o bede_n l._n hist_o c._n 8._o martin_n polo_n sup_v a_o 309._o col_fw-fr 66._o papinian_n l._n perfect_a f._n de_fw-fr ritu_fw-la nuptiarum_fw-la joan._n capg_n in_o catal_a in_o praefat_fw-la in_o vita_fw-la s._n helenae_n m._n aurelius_n cassidorus_n in_o chron._n zosimus_n come_v in_o constantine_n l._n 2._o mari._n a_o 292._o c._n 301._o maria._n l._n 2_o aetat_fw-la 6._o a_o 305._o col_fw-fr 303._o bede_n hist_o l._n c._n 8._o floren._n wig._n chron._n a_o 328._o &_o 306._o galli_n orat._n panyg_n ad_fw-la con_v apud_fw-la baron_fw-fr tom._n 2._o a_o 306._o hen._n spond_n ibid._n harris_n hist_o eccl_n tom._n 4._o nichol._n vignier_n billiosh_n histor_n ad_fw-la a_o 306._o pompo_n laelus_n in_o camp_n hist_o rom._n in_o const_n max._n eutropius_n l._n 10._o hist_o rom._n constan_n manasses_n l._n annal_n hanibald_n apud_fw-la frithem_n l._n the_o orig_n franc._n euseb_n cron._n a_o 294_o eutrop._n l._n 9_o hist_o rom._n victor_n in_o diocle_n &_o maximi_fw-la for_o by_o all_o antiquity_n aurelianus_n die_v soon_o after_o and_o be_v emperor_n but_o a_o short_a time_n so_o that_o neither_o constantius_n nor_o queen_n helena_n can_v be_v either_o at_o rome_n or_o in_o any_o place_n but_o in_o britain_n at_o this_o time_n nicephorus_n and_o some_o late_a after_o he_o will_v have_v she_o to_o be_v bear_v in_o bithynia_n at_o drepanum_n and_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o innkeeper_n there_o with_o who_o constantius_n pass_v that_o way_n to_o the_o persian_n fall_v in_o do_v but_o this_o be_v make_v unpossible_a by_o that_o be_v say_v before_o of_o the_o be_v of_o both_o constantius_n and_o helena_n in_o britain_n so_o remote_a from_o any_o part_n of_o bithynia_n at_o that_o time_n and_o neither_o of_o they_o come_v to_o or_o near_o drepanum_n or_o any_o part_n of_o bithynia_n at_o or_o after_o this_o time_n but_o when_o she_o a_o holy_a widow_n many_o year_n after_o constantius_n death_n pass_v by_o greece_n in_o her_o pilgrimage_n to_o jerusalem_n as_o be_v evident_a in_o all_o kind_n of_o antiquary_n and_o will_v most_o manifest_o appear_v in_o its_o due_a place_n other_o there_o be_v which_o do_v term_v this_o renown_a empress_n by_o the_o name_n of_o concubina_fw-la as_o marianus_n and_o florentius_n wigorniensis_n as_o they_o have_v be_v late_o publish_v and_o regino_n without_o speak_v any_o thing_n of_o her_o parentage_n or_o country_n and_o martinus_n polonus_n who_o confess_v she_o be_v daughter_n to_o the_o king_n of_o britain_n but_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o either_o martinus_n or_o his_o publisher_n have_v with_o gross_a ignorarance_n abuse_v the_o reader_n for_o he_o say_v that_o constantine_n not_o constantius_n beget_v constantine_n the_o great_a in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 307._o when_o by_o common_a opinion_n constantius_n be_v dead_a before_o and_o not_o content_a with_o this_o they_o bring_v in_o constantine_n the_o great_a to_o be_v emperor_n in_o the_o year_n 309._o when_o by_o their_o account_n he_o can_v not_o be_v two_o year_n old_a the_o other_o three_o if_o their_o publisher_n have_v not_o abuse_v they_o speak_v in_o the_o phrase_n of_o the_o pagan_a roman_n who_o in_o those_o time_n call_v all_o the_o wife_n of_o their_o lieutenant_n take_v for_o stranger_n though_o never_o so_o lawful_o join_v in_o true_a marriage_n by_o the_o rude_a term_n of_o concubine_n as_o their_o old_a pagan_a decree_n be_v still_o witness_n against_o they_o when_o i_o shall_v make_v it_o as_o clear_a as_o the_o sun_n that_o st._n helen_n be_v from_o the_o beginning_n the_o only_a true_a lawful_a wife_n to_o constantius_n this_o i_o have_v write_v here_o to_o answer_v these_o frivolous_a cavil_n against_o that_o bless_a woman_n and_o with_o john_n capgrave_n call_v their_o allegation_n no_o better_o than_o dream_n and_o to_o speak_v still_o in_o his_o word_n that_o opinion_n do_v not_o only_o blemish_v the_o fame_n of_o so_o holy_a a_o woman_n but_o make_v that_o most_o noble_a constantine_n to_o be_v a_o bastard_n beget_v out_o of_o marriage_n and_o so_o disable_v he_o to_o have_v be_v the_o heir_n of_o constantius_n either_o king_n or_o emperor_n when_o all_o man_n know_v he_o come_v to_o the_o imperial_a dignity_n by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n and_o thus_o he_o tax_v the_o author_n of_o ignorance_n these_o thing_n please_v they_o because_o they_o know_v not_o the_o truth_n ipsos_fw-la forsan_fw-la qui_fw-la ista_fw-la scripserunt_fw-la talia_fw-la placuerunt_fw-la quia_fw-la potiara_n &_o veriora_fw-la invenire_fw-la minime_fw-la potuerunt_fw-la divers_a foreign_a historian_n as_o baronius_n spondanus_n and_o other_o write_z as_o plain_o in_o this_o matter_n and_o may_v with_o great_a warrant_n for_o as_o cassiodonus_n be_v a_o able_a witness_n it_o be_v but_o a_o pagan_a report_n and_o raise_v first_o by_o zosimus_n that_o most_o malicious_a ethnic_a and_o railer_n against_o constantine_n for_o profess_v and_o advance_v of_o christian_a religion_n and_o renounce_v idolatry_n and_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o best_a learned_a author_n themselves_z which_o in_o any_o sense_n call_v st._n helena_n by_o that_o name_n for_o they_o do_v plain_o confess_v as_o namely_o marianus_n that_o st._n helen_n be_v the_o true_a wife_n of_o constantius_n and_o he_o force_v by_o maximian_n the_o emperor_n to_o put_v she_o away_o and_o take_v theodora_n his_o wife_n daughter_n and_o further_o say_v constantine_n be_v the_o true_a son_n and_o heir_n of_o constantius_n and_o by_o that_o title_n succeed_v he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o empire_n which_o can_v not_o be_v true_o say_v if_o helen_n have_v not_o be_v his_o lawful_a wife_n neither_o can_v constantius_n by_o this_o learned_a and_o holy_a author_n be_v name_v a_o religious_a father_n if_o he_o have_v not_o beget_v his_o son_n lawful_o in_o true_a marriage_n and_o st._n bede_n confess_v from_o eutropius_n that_o constantine_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n and_o so_o by_o he_o also_o must_v needs_o be_v his_o lawful_a son_n florentius_n wigorn_n write_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o confess_v st._n helen_n to_o have_v be_v here_o in_o britain_n long_o after_o her_o son_n constantine_n be_v emperor_n yet_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a author_n that_o in_o any_o sense_n have_v term_v st._n helen_n by_o that_o name_n it_o be_v evident_a by_o all_o history_n not_o only_o of_o christian_n that_o st._n helen_n be_v a_o most_o chaste_a and_o holy_a woman_n and_o that_o constantius_n also_o live_v in_o conjugal_a chastity_n marry_v when_o he_o be_v but_o young_a but_o also_o even_o by_o the_o pagan_a writer_n themselves_o as_o witness_v gallicanus_n the_o orator_n that_o live_v in_o this_o time_n in_o his_o public_a oration_n to_o his_o son_n constantine_n and_o other_o therefore_o st._n helen_n be_v the_o first_o woman_n that_o be_v thus_o wed_v unto_o he_o in_o marriage_n she_o must_v needs_o be_v his_o true_a lawful_a wife_n by_o their_o own_o testimony_n and_o the_o same_o author_n witness_v before_o constantine_n at_o the_o public_a solemnity_n of_o his_o marriage_n with_o fausta_n in_o most_o plain_a and_o express_v word_n that_o constantine_n be_v bear_v in_o britain_n so_o testify_v divers_a author_n even_o of_o the_o roman_a history_n among_o who_o one_o plain_o say_v that_o constantine_n be_v
lord_n herbert_n of_o cherbery_n and_o castle_n island_n unto_o who_o it_o be_v present_v by_o dr._n johnson_n a_o grave_n and_o learned_a physician_n in_o worcester_n who_o have_v it_o from_o a_o manuscript_n in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o right_n honourable_a thomas_n lord_n windesore_n which_o here_o i_o will_v insert_v for_o my_o reader_n recreation_n as_o it_o fall_v out_o upon_o a_o pentecost_n day_n king_n arthur_n at_o camelot_n keep_v his_o court_n royal_a with_o his_o fair_a queen_n gwinever_n the_o gay_a and_o many_o prince_n sit_v in_o hall_n hold_v baron_n knight_n and_o squire_n that_o day_n lady_n attire_v in_o purple_a and_o pall_n with_o herehaught_n in_o hewke_n howl_v full_a high_a cry_v largesse_n largesse_n chavelier_n treshardie_a a_o doughty_a dwarf_n to_o the_o uppermost_a desk_n bold_o begin_v prick_v kneel_v on_o knee_n say_a king_n arthur_n god_n thou_o save_v and_o see_v sr._n rheims_n of_o north_n gales_n greet_v well_o thou_o and_o bid_v thou_o anon_o thy_o beard_n thou_o he_o send_v else_o from_o thy_o jaw_n he_o will_v it_o off_o rend_v for_o his_o robe_n of_o state_n be_v a_o rich_a scarlet_a mantle_n with_o eleven_o knight_n beard_n bordr_v about_o and_o there_o be_v room_n leave_v yet_o in_o a_o kantle_n for_o thou_o to_o stand_v to_o make_v the_o twelve_o out_o this_o must_v be_v do_v be_v thou_o never_o so_o stout_a this_o must_v be_v do_v i_o tell_v thou_o no_o fable_n maugre_o the_o tooth_n of_o all_o the_o round_a table_n when_o this_o mortal_a message_n from_o his_o mouth_n past_a the_o king_n fume_v the_o queen_n scrich_v lady_n be_v aghast_a prince_n puff_v baron_n bluster_v lord_n begin_v to_o lower_v knight_n storm_v squire_n startle_v like_o steed_n in_o a_o stour_n page_n and_o yeoman_n yield_v out_o in_o the_o hall_n with_o that_o come_v in_o sr._n kay_n the_o seneschal_n silence_z my_o sovereign_n quoth_v the_o courteous_a knight_n and_o therewith_o all_o the_o stir_n begin_v to_o still_o the_o dwarf_n dinner_n 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lead_v those_o army_n that_o while_n ere_o affright_v all_o the_o world_n by_o he_o strike_v dead_a with_o fear_n the_o report_n of_o his_o great_a act_n that_o over_o europe_n run_v be_v that_o most_o famous_a field_n which_o he_o with_o emperor_n wan_a ravish_v this_o be_v but_o a_o poetical_a fancy_n for_o helena_n be_v never_o ravish_v as_o how_o great_a rithout_n self_n be_v slay_v in_o his_o repair_n who_o ravish_v howel_n niece_n young_a helena_n the_o fair_a and_o for_o a_o trophy_n bring_v the_o giant_n coat_n away_o make_v of_o the_o beard_n of_o king_n then_o brave_o chant_v they_o the_o several_a twelve_o pitch_v field_n he_o with_o the_o saxon_n fight_v the_o certain_a day_n and_o place_n to_o memory_n they_o bring_v then_o by_o false_a mordred_n hand_n how_o last_o he_o chance_v to_o fall_v the_o hour_n of_o his_o decease_n the_o place_n of_o burial_n these_o i_o have_v intermingle_v as_o poet_n do_v interlude_n in_o the_o play_n set_v horace_n his_o rule_n before_o i_o omne_fw-la tulit_fw-la punctum_fw-la qui_fw-la miscuit_fw-la utile_fw-la dulci._n constantine_n sup_n howes_n ut_fw-la sup_n constantine_n kinsman_n to_o arthur_n and_o son_n to_o cador_n duke_n of_o cornewal_n be_v ordain_v king_n of_o britain_n and_o reign_v three_o year_n this_o man_n be_v by_o the_o two_o son_n of_o mordred_n grievous_o vex_v for_o they_o claim_v the_o land_n by_o the_o right_n of_o their_o father_n but_o after_o many_o battle_n they_o flee_v the_o one_o to_o london_n the_o other_o to_o winchester_n which_o city_n they_o obtain_v and_o take_v they_o but_o constantine_n follow_v and_o subdue_v they_o and_o gain_v the_o city_n and_o one_o of_o these_o young_a lord_n he_o find_v in_o a_o abbey_n at_o london_n here_o he_o slay_v he_o near_o the_o altar_n cruel_o and_o then_o bury_v he_o near_o uter_n pendragon_n at_o stone-hedge_n the_o other_o brother_n be_v find_v at_o winchester_n where_o he_o be_v also_o slay_v fly_v into_o the_o church_n of_o st._n amphibalus_fw-la aurelius_n conanus_fw-la a_o britain_n raise_v mortal_a war_n against_o constantine_n the_o king_n and_o afer_fw-la sore_a fight_n slay_v he_o in_o the_o field_n after_o three_o year_n reign_n he_o be_v bury_v at_o stone-hedge_n of_o this_o constantine_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v mean_v which_o holy_a gildas_n write_v in_o his_o book_n entitle_v de_fw-fr excidio_fw-la brittaniae_fw-la where_o inveigh_v against_o the_o ruler_n of_o the_o britain_n in_o his_o time_n he_o write_v thus_o britain_n have_v king_n but_o they_o be_v tyrant_n judge_n it_o have_v but_o they_o be_v wicked_a ofttimes_o kill_v and_o harm_v the_o innocent_a people_n revenge_v and_o defend_v but_o who_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a person_n and_o robber_n have_v many_o wife_n but_o yet_o break_v wedlock_n ofttimes_o swear_v and_o yet_o forswear_v themselves_o vow_v and_o for_o the_o more_o part_n lie_v war_a but_o mainta_v civil_a and_o unjust_a war_n pursue_v rude_a thief_n that_o be_v abroad_o in_o the_o country_n and_o yet_o not_o only_o cherish_v those_o that_o sit_v even_o at_o table_n with_o they_o but_o also_o high_o reward_v they_o give_v alm_n large_o but_o on_o the_o other_o part_n heap_v up_o a_o mighty_a mount_n of_o sin_n sit_v in_o the_o seat_n of_o sentence_n but_o seldom_o seek_v the_o rule_n of_o righteous_a judgement_n despise_v the_o humble_a and_o innocent_a person_n &_o exalt_v so_o far_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v even_o up_o to_o the_o heaven_n the_o bloody_a and_o proud_a murderer_n thief_n and_o adulterer_n yea_o the_o very_a express_a enemy_n of_o god_n if_o he_o will_v so_o permit_v keep_v many_o in_o prison_n who_o they_o oppress_v in_o load_v they_o with_o iron_n through_o craft_n rather_o to_o serve_v their_o own_o purpose_n then_o for_o any_o guilt_n of_o the_o person_n imprison_v take_v solemn_a oath_n before_o the_o altar_n and_o short_o after_o despise_v the_o same_o altar_n as_o vile_a and_o filthy_a stone_n of_o which_o heinous_a and_o wicked_a offence_n constantine_n the_o tyrannical_a whelp_n of_o the_o lioness_n of_o devonshire_n be_v not_o ignorant_a who_o this_o year_n after_o the_o receive_n of_o his_o dreadful_a oath_n whereby_o he_o bind_v himself_o that_o in_o no_o wise_a he_o will_v hurt_v his_o subject_n god_n first_o and_o then_o his_o oath_n with_o the_o company_n of_o saint_n and_o his_o mother_n be_v there_o present_a do_v notwithstanding_o in_o the_o reverend_a lap_n of_o the_o two_o mother_n as_o the_o church_n and_o their_o carnal_a mother_n under_o the_o coul_n of_o the_o holy_a abbot_n devour_v with_o sword_n and_o spear_n instead_o of_o tooth_n the_o tender_a side_n yea_o and_o the_o entrail_n of_o two_o child_n of_o noble_a and_o kingly_a race_n and_o likewise_o of_o their_o two_o governor_n yea_o and_o that_o as_o say_v among_o the_o sacred_a altar_n the_o arm_n of_o which_o person_n so_o slay_v not_o stretch_v forth_o to_o defend_v themselves_o with_o weapon_n the_o which_o few_o in_o those_o day_n handle_v more_o valiant_o than_o they_o but_o stretch_v forth_o i_o say_v to_o god_n and_o to_o his_o altar_n in_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n shall_v set_v up_o the_o ensign_n of_o their_o patience_n and_o faith_n at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n of_o christ_n which_o so_o have_v cover_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o celestial_a sacrifice_n as_o it_o be_v with_o the_o red_a mantle_n of_o their_o clotter_a blood_n and_o those_o thing_n he_o do_v not_o after_o any_o good_a deed_n do_v by_o he_o deserve_v praise_n for_o many_o year_n before_o overcome_v with_o the_o often_o and_o changeable_a filth_n of_o adultery_n forsake_v his_o lawful_a wife_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n etc._n etc._n he_o now_o bring_v forth_o this_o crime_n of_o kill_v his_o own_o kinsman_n and_o violate_v the_o church_n but_o neither_o be_v loose_v or_o unbound_v from_o his_o
delcent_n from_o the_o prince_n thereof_o to_o a_o woman_n name_v hawys_n the_o daughter_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffith_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o history_n follow_v arust_o and_o cyneloc_n come_v to_o the_o baron_n of_o dudley_n and_o afterward_o be_v sell_v to_o the_o king_n the_o three_o part_n belong_v to_o mathrual_a be_v the_o land_n between_o wye_n and_o severn_n contain_v four_o cantred_n and_o 13._o comot_n cantref_o melienith_n have_v these_o comot_n cery_n swithygre_n lewalalht_n and_o glin_n seithon_n cantref_o elnel_n have_v these_o vwch_n minydh_n and_o lhochdhiffnog_n cantref_o yclawdh_n these_o dyffryn_n teyveydat_n swydhygnogen_n and_o pennwelht_n cantref_o bulcht_v have_v these_o swidhi_fw-mi va_o drenlies_n and_o isyrwon_n of_o this_o part_n there_o be_v at_o this_o day_n some_o in_o montgomery_n shire_n some_o in_o radnorshire_n and_o some_o in_o brechnockshire_n in_o this_o part_n and_o in_o the_o lordship_n march_v to_o it_o which_o although_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o division_n which_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o last_o prince_n be_v not_o in_o his_o subjection_n yet_o to_o this_o day_n speak_v welsh_a and_o be_v call_v wales_n and_o in_o those_o comot_n be_v these_o town_n and_o castle_n montgomery_n in_o these_o late_a war_n utter_o destroy_v and_o level_v with_o the_o ground_n though_o the_o lord_n thereof_o edward_n lord_n herbert_n take_v arm_n with_o the_o parliament_n call_v in_o welsh_a trevaldwin_n a_o small_a town_n but_o a_o most_o beautiful_a castle_n a_o little_a before_o its_o desolation_n much_o and_o magnificent_o enlarge_v and_o adorn_v by_o the_o say_a lord_n and_o for_o situation_n almost_o impregnable_a the_o castle_n of_o clun_n call_v colunwy_n which_o be_v the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n who_o among_o his_o other_o honourable_a title_n be_v baron_n of_o clun_n and_o oswestrie_n the_o town_n of_o knighton_n in_o welsh_a trefilcawd_n the_o castle_n of_o cymaron_n presthyn_n in_o welsh_a lhanandras_n the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o radnor_n in_o welsh_a maesynet_n at_o this_o day_n the_o shire-town_n the_o town_n of_o knighton_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o huntingdon_n call_v in_o welsh_a y_fw-fr castelh_n main_a which_o be_v the_o bohunes_n earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o after_o the_o d._n of_o buckingham_n castle_n haye_n payne_n lhanvair_a in_o buecht_n these_o lordship_n with_o brechvoc_n and_o aberganeny_n be_v belong_v to_o the_o bruse_n lord_n of_o brechnoch_n and_o after_o come_v divers_a time_n and_o by_o sundry_a mean_n to_o the_o bohune_n nevil_n and_z mortimer_n and_o so_o in_o this_o kingdom_n or_o territory_n be_v find_v 14_o cantred_n and_o 40_o comot_n two_o of_o these_o part_n which_o be_v powis_n and_o gwine_v be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v north-wales_n and_o divide_v into_o six_o shire_n môn_o call_v anglesey_n carnarvan_n merion_v denbigh_n flint_n and_o montgomeryshire_n be_v of_o all_o on_o the_o northside_n severn_n save_v a_o piece_n of_o montgomeryshire_n and_o here_o i_o think_v it_o good_a to_o let_v the_o reader_n understand_v what_o the_o british_a chronicle_n say_v of_o north-wales_n which_o affirm_v that_o three_o time_n by_o inheritance_n it_o come_v to_o woman_n first_o to_o stradwen_n daughter_n to_o cadvan_n ap_fw-mi conan_n ap_fw-mi endaf_fw-mi and_o wife_n to_o coel_n godeboc_n mother_n to_o genaw_n dyvor_n and_o gwawl_n the_o second_o time_n to_o the_o same_o gwawl_fw-mi wife_n to_o edeyrn_n ap_fw-mi padern_n and_o mother_n to_o cunetha_n wledic_n which_o cunetha_n inhabit_v in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n 540._o after_o the_o incarnation_n of_o christ_n and_o hear_v how_o the_o mingle_a nation_n of_o the_o irish_a scot_n and_o pict_n have_v overrun_v the_o sea_n shore_n of_o cardigan_n which_o be_v part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n send_v his_o son_n thither_o to_o enjoy_v their_o inheritance_n of_o the_o which_o tibiaon_n his_o elder_a son_n die_v in_o man_n which_o land_n the_o say_a irish_a scot_n have_v wan_a for_o gildas_n say_v that_o of_o the_o child_n of_o clam_n hector_n which_o people_v a_o great_a part_n of_o ireland_n yscro_v with_o his_o people_n inhabit_v dalrienda_fw-la which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o scotland_n builke_n with_o his_o people_n come_v to_o man_n but_o i_o think_v it_o good_a to_o put_v in_o gildas_n word_n which_o say_v builke_n cum_fw-la filiis_fw-la suis_fw-la inhabitavit_fw-la euboniam_fw-la insulam_fw-la vulgo_fw-la manaw_fw-mi quae_fw-la est_fw-la in_o meditullio_fw-la maris_fw-la inter_fw-la hiberniam_fw-la &_o brittanniam_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v builke_n with_o his_o child_n inhabit_v the_o isle_n eubonia_fw-la common_o call_v manaw_n for_o so_o it_o be_v and_o be_v name_v in_o british_a which_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n between_o ireland_n and_o britain_n this_o be_v not_o call_v mona_n as_o polidore_n say_v the_o child_n of_o bethoun_n inhabit_v demetia_n which_o be_v southwales_n with_o gwyr_n and_o cydweli_n till_o they_o be_v chase_v thence_o by_o the_o child_n of_o cunetha_n thus_o far_o gildas_n therefore_o the_o son_n of_o cunetha_n be_v arrive_v in_o north-wales_n as_o well_o i_o think_v be_v drive_v by_o the_o saxon_n as_o for_o their_o inheritance_n divide_v the_o country_n betwixt_o they_o and_o first_o micreaon_n the_o son_n of_o tibiaon_n the_o son_n of_o cunetha_n have_v cantref_o meireaon_n to_o his_o part_n arustel_n ap_fw-mi gwenetha_n have_v cantref_o aru_v caradoc_n ap_fw-mi cunetha_n have_v caerdegion_n now_o cardiganshire_n dunod_n have_v cantref_o dunodic_n edeyrn_n have_v edeyhnion_n mael_n have_v dynmmael_n coel_n have_v coleyon_n dogvael_n have_v dogvelyn_n ryvaon_n have_v rivomoc_n now_o denbighland_n eneore_n yrch_n have_v caerneon_n in_o powis_n vssa_n have_v maesuswlht_v now_o oswestre_n for_o sure_o that_o which_o they_o say_v common_o of_o oswald_n king_n of_o northumherland_n to_o be_v slay_v there_o and_o of_o the_o well_o which_o spring_v where_o his_o arm_n be_v carry_v be_v nothing_o so_o for_o beda_n and_o all_o writer_n testify_v that_o penda_n slay_v oswald_n at_o maserfelt_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n and_o his_o body_n be_v bury_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o bardney_n in_o the_o province_n of_o lindsey_n on_o the_o three_o part_n of_o lincolnshire_n which_o province_n give_v title_n of_o earl_n to_o robert_n bertu_n lord_n willoughby_n of_o eresbie_n who_o be_v create_v be_v lord_n great_a chamberlain_n of_o england_n by_o inheritance_n earl_n of_o lindsey_n 2._o car._n novemb_n 29_o and_o be_v general_n for_o the_o king_n at_o edgehill_n where_o he_o valiant_o lose_v his_o life_n in_o his_o master_n right_a and_o quarrel_n bear_v for_o his_o arm_n argent_fw-fr 3_o batter_a ram_n barwise_a proper_a head_a and_o hoop_v azure_a the_o ruin_n of_o bardney_n abbey_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v but_o to_o my_o former_a matter_n these_o name_n give_v by_o the_o son_n of_o cunetha_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n after_o this_o the_o irish-pict_n and_o scot_n which_o the_o britain_n call_v y_o gwidhyl_n phichiay_v which_o be_v to_o say_v the_o irish_a pict_n do_v overrun_v the_o isle_n of_o môn_n and_o be_v drive_v thence_o by_o caswalhon_n lhawhir_n that_o be_v caswalhon_n with_o the_o long_a hand_n the_o son_n of_o eneon_n yrch_n ap_fw-mi cunedha_n who_o slay_v seoigi_n their_o king_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n at_o lhany_n gwydhyl_v which_o be_v the_o irish_a church_n at_o holyhead_n this_o caswalhon_n be_v father_n to_o maelgon_n gwyneth_n who_o the_o latin_n call_v maglocunus_fw-la prince_n and_o king_n of_o britain_n in_o this_o time_n be_v the_o famous_a clerk_n and_o great_a wise_a man_n talissyn_n ben_n beirdh_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o beirdh_n or_o wise_a man_n for_o this_o word_n bardh_n in_o caesar_n time_n signify_v as_o lucan_n bear_v witness_v such_o as_o have_v knowledge_n of_o thing_n to_o come_v and_o so_o it_o signify_v at_o this_o day_n this_o maelgon_n have_v a_o son_n call_v run_v in_o who_o time_n the_o saxon_n unite_a gurmund_n unto_o britain_n from_o ireland_n who_o have_v come_v hither_o from_o africa_n who_o with_o the_o saxon_n be_v the_o utter_a destruction_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o slay_v all_o that_o profess_a christ_n severne_n gurmund_n a_o african_a king_n of_o ireland_n be_v the_o first_o that_o drive_v the_o britain_n over_o severne_n and_o be_v the_o first_o that_o drive_v they_o over_o severne_n this_o run_n be_v father_n to_o beli_n who_o be_v father_n to_o jago_n for_o so_o the_o britain_n call_n james_n who_o be_v father_n to_o cadvan_n and_o not_o brochwell_n call_v brecyval_n as_o the_o english_a chronicle_n say_v for_o this_o brochwell_n ysgithroc_n that_o be_v long-toothed_n be_v choose_v leader_n of_o such_o as_o meet_v with_o adelred_n alius_fw-la ethelbertus_fw-la rex_fw-la cantiae_fw-la and_o other_o angles_n and_o saxon_n who_o put_v brochel_n twice_o to_o flight_v not_o far_o from_o chester_n and_o cruel_o slay_v 1000_o priest_n and_o monk_n of_o bangor_n with_o a_o great_a
those_o stranger_n into_o wales_n who_o open_o go_v with_o his_o power_n to_o they_o and_o do_v lead_v they_o to_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o thing_n when_o gruffith_n and_o cadogan_n perceive_v they_o sail_v to_o ireland_n mistrust_v the_o treason_n of_o their_o own_o people_n then_o the_o earl_n spoil_v the_o land_n and_o slay_v all_o that_o they_o find_v in_o the_o isle_n and_o at_o the_o very_a same_o time_n magnus_n the_o son_n of_o haroald_n come_v with_o a_o great_a navy_n of_o ship_n towards_o england_n mind_v to_o lay_v fast_o hold_v upon_o that_o kingdom_n than_o his_o father_n have_v do_v and_o be_v drive_v by_o chance_n to_o anglesey_n will_v have_v land_v there_o but_o the_o earl_n impeach_v his_o land_n there_o and_o there_o magnus_n with_o a_o arrow_n stroke_n hugh_n earl_n of_o salop_n in_o the_o face_n that_o he_o die_v thereof_o and_o sudden_o either_o part_n forsake_v the_o isle_n and_o the_o englishman_n return_v home_o and_o leave_v owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n prince_n thereof_o who_o have_v allure_v they_o thither_o year_n 1098_o in_o the_o year_n 1098._o return_v gruffith_n ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n from_o ireland_n and_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o norman_n and_o give_v they_o part_n of_o their_o inheritance_n for_o gruffith_n remain_v in_o môn_n and_o cadogan_n have_v caerdigan_n and_o a_o parcel_n of_o powis_n land_n about_o this_o time_n the_o man_n of_o brercnock_n slay_v lhewelyn_n the_o son_n of_o cadogan_n then_o howel_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n of_o tegengel_n go_v to_o ireland_n also_o rythmarck_n the_o archbishop_n of_o saint_n david_n die_v the_o godly_a wise_a and_o great_a clerk_n sulien_n except_v that_o have_v be_v in_o wales_n many_o year_n before_o about_o this_o time_n also_o die_v crono_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n and_o gwyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffith_n year_n 1101_o in_o the_o year_n 1101._o robert_n de_fw-fr blesmo_n son_n to_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n and_o anulph_n his_o brother_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n do_v rebel_n against_o the_o king_n which_o when_o the_o king_n hear_v he_o send_v for_o they_o to_o come_v unto_o he_o but_o they_o make_v blind_a excuse_n and_o gather_v their_o strength_n and_o fortify_v their_o castle_n and_o then_o give_v great_a gift_n and_o make_v large_a promise_n to_o the_o son_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n and_o jorwerth_n cadogan_n and_o meredyth_n and_o entice_v they_o to_o join_v their_o power_n with_o they_o robert_n fortify_v four_o castle_n arundel_n tekinhill_n shrewsbury_n and_o brugg_v which_o castle_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o war._n for_o robert_n have_v erect_v it_o without_o the_o king_n leave_n and_o arnulph_n fortify_v his_o castle_n of_o pembroke_n then_o they_o enter_v the_o king_n land_n and_o burn_v and_o spoil_v it_o carrying_z away_o rich_a booty_n and_o arnulph_n to_o have_v more_o strength_n send_v gerald_n his_o steward_n to_o murchard_n king_n of_o ireland_n to_o desire_v his_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n which_o he_o obtain_v with_o promise_n of_o great_a succour_n which_o do_v encourage_v he_o the_o more_o against_o the_o king_n but_o henry_n the_o first_o gather_v a_o great_a army_n and_o first_o besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o arundel_n and_o take_v it_o as_o also_o he_o do_v tekinhil_n and_o then_o lead_v his_o power_n before_o brugg_n which_o for_o the_o situation_n and_o depth_n of_o the_o ditch_n be_v also_o well_o man_v and_o victual_v the_o king_n doubt_v the_o speedy_a win_n thereof_o there_o he_o be_v counsel_v to_o send_v private_o to_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n promise_v he_o great_a gift_n if_o he_o will_v forsake_v the_o earl_n and_o serve_v he_o recount_v what_o wrong_v the_o earl_n father_n roger_n and_o his_o brother_n hugh_n have_v do_v to_o the_o welshman_n also_o the_o king_n to_o make_v he_o more_o willing_a to_o stick_v unto_o he_o give_v he_o all_o such_o land_n as_o the_o earl_n and_o his_o brother_n have_v in_o wales_n without_o tribute_n or_o oath_n which_o be_v a_o moiety_n of_o powis_n caerdigan_n and_o dynet_n and_o the_o other_o half_o have_v the_o son_n of_o baldwyn_n with_o stradtywy_a and_o gwyr_n jorwerth_n be_v glad_a of_o these_o offer_n receive_v they_o willing_o and_o then_o come_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n he_o send_v his_o power_n to_o the_o earl_n land_n which_o do_v their_o master_n command_n destroy_v and_o spoil_v all_o the_o country_n for_o the_o earl_n have_v cause_v his_o people_n to_o convey_v all_o their_o cattle_n and_o good_n to_o wales_n little_o remember_v the_o mischief_n that_o the_o welshman_n have_v receive_v at_o his_o and_o his_o brother_n hand_n when_o these_o tiding_n come_v to_o the_o earl_n to_o cadogan_n and_o meredyth_n jorwerths_n brethren_n they_o be_v all_o amaze_v and_o despair_v to_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v the_o king_n for_o jorwerth_n be_v the_o great_a man_n of_o power_n in_o wales_n and_o at_o this_o time_n arnulph_n be_v go_v to_o ireland_n for_o his_o wife_n and_o succour_n also_o a_o little_a before_o magnus_n again_o have_v land_v in_o anglesey_n and_o receive_v of_o gruffith_n ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o hew_v down_o as_o much_o timber_n tree_n as_o be_v needful_a for_o he_o and_o so_o return_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o môn_n which_o he_o have_v win_v he_o build_v three_o castle_n there_o and_o send_v to_o ireland_n to_o have_v the_o daughter_n of_o murchard_n in_o marriage_n for_o his_o son_n which_o he_o obtain_v and_o make_v his_o son_n king_n of_o môn_n the_o earl_n robert_n hear_v this_o send_v to_o he_o for_o aid_n but_o obtain_v none_o therefore_o see_v no_o remedy_n he_o send_v to_o the_o king_n desire_v he_o that_o he_o may_v forsake_v the_o realm_n which_o the_o king_n grant_v and_o he_o sail_v to_o normandy_n and_o likewise_o the_o king_n send_v word_n to_o his_o brother_n arnulph_n that_o either_o follow_v his_o brother_n and_o depart_v the_o land_n or_o yield_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n mercy_n and_o pleasure_n but_o he_o choose_v the_o former_a proposition_n he_o shall_v and_o so_o go_v away_o thing_n thus_o transact_v the_o king_n return_v home_o and_o jorwerth_n take_v his_o brother_n meredyth_n and_o send_v he_o to_o the_o king_n prison_n for_o his_o brother_n cadogan_n agree_v with_o he_o to_o who_o jorwerth_n give_v caerdhyth_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o powis_n then_o jorwerth_n himself_o go_v to_o the_o king_n court_n to_o put_v the_o king_n in_o remembrance_n of_o his_o promise_n but_o henry_n when_o he_o see_v all_o quiet_a forget_v the_o service_n of_o jorwerth_n and_o his_o own_o promise_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o same_o take_v dynet_n from_o jorwerth_n and_o give_v it_o to_o a_o knight_n call_v saer_n and_o stradtiwy_a and_o gwyr_n he_o give_v to_o howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n and_o jorwerth_n be_v send_v home_o empty_a at_o this_o time_n k._n henry_n give_v divers_a castle_n and_o lordship_n in_o wales_n to_o norman_n and_o englishman_n of_o who_o there_o be_v mention_v oftentimes_o in_o this_o history_n this_o year_n die_v grono_n the_o son_n of_o rees_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n in_o prison_n and_o in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o year_n the_o king_n send_v divers_a of_o his_o council_n to_o shrewsbury_n and_o will_v jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n to_o come_v to_o meet_v they_o there_o to_o consult_v about_o the_o king_n business_n and_o affair_n but_o when_o he_o come_v thither_o all_o the_o consultation_n be_v against_o he_o who_o contrary_a to_o all_o right_a and_o equity_n they_o condemn_v of_o treason_n because_o the_o king_n fear_v his_o strength_n and_o that_o he_o will_v revenge_v the_o wrong_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v at_o the_o king_n hand_n and_o so_o he_o be_v commit_v to_o prison_n about_o this_o time_n as_o bale_n note_v the_o church_n of_o st._n david_n begin_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n be_v always_o before_o the_o metropolitan_a church_n of_o wales_n since_o the_o pall_n be_v carry_v from_o caerleon_n upon_o vsk_n year_n 1103_o in_o the_o year_n 1103_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n die_v after_o great_a misery_n and_o long_a sickness_n then_o also_o richard_n the_o son_n of_o caldwin_n do_v fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o ridcor_n and_o chase_a howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n out_z of_o that_o country_n to_o who_o the_o king_n have_v give_v the_o custody_n of_o that_o castle_n who_o nevertheless_o return_v short_o after_o and_o burn_v all_o the_o country_n house_n corn_n and_o hay_n and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o norman_n as_o they_o return_v homeward_o and_o keep_v all_o the_o country_n in_o his_o subjection_n except_o the_o castle_n and_o garrison_n at_o this_o time_n the_o king_n take_v the_o rule_n of_o dynet_n from_o saer_n to_o who_o he_o commit_v the_o same_o and_o give_v it_o to_o gerald_n who_o have_v be_v sometime_o steward_n there_o under_o arnulph_n then_o the_o norman_n who_o be_v in_o the_o
montgomery_n have_v begin_v a_o castle_n before_o and_o short_o after_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi riryd_n return_v from_o ireland_n because_o he_o can_v not_o well_o brook_v the_o manner_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o irishman_n and_o be_v arrive_v come_v to_o the_o country_n of_o his_o uncle_n jorwerth_n who_o hear_v that_o and_o fear_v the_o loss_n of_o his_o land_n as_o his_o brother_n cadogan_n have_v do_v make_v a_o proclamation_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v aid_v he_o but_o take_v he_o as_o a_o enemy_n which_o when_o madoc_n understand_v he_o entice_v many_o unthrift_n and_o outlaw_n and_o keep_v himself_o in_o the_o rock_n and_o wood_n contrive_v how_o he_o may_v be_v revenge_v on_o jorwerth_n for_o so_o great_a a_o discourtesy_n as_o he_o imagine_v and_o thereupon_o conclude_v a_o friendship_n private_o with_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahearn_n who_o hate_v jorwerth_n to_o death_n and_o have_v intelligence_n that_o jorwerth_n lie_v one_o night_n at_o caerneon_n they_o two_o gather_v all_o their_o strength_n and_o environ_v the_o house_n about_o midnight_n which_o jorwerth_n and_o his_o man_n perceive_v arm_a themselves_o and_o defend_v the_o place_n till_o their_o foe_n set_v it_o on_o fire_n which_o when_o jorwerth_n man_n perceive_v every_o one_o shift_v for_o himself_o so_o that_o some_o be_v slay_v other_o burn_v few_o escape_n jorwerth_n have_v the_o true_a heart_n of_o a_o noble_a prince_n choose_v rather_o to_o adventure_v and_o manful_o to_o die_v with_o sword_n in_o hand_n then_o to_o be_v burn_v without_o a_o glorious_a action_n come_v out_o but_o his_o merciless_a enemy_n receive_v he_o with_o the_o point_n of_o their_o spear_n and_o violent_o cast_v he_o into_o the_o flame_n of_o the_o rage_a fire_n where_o that_o gallant_a man_n pay_v what_o be_v due_a to_o nature_n death_n yet_o by_o which_o his_o name_n be_v eternize_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n understand_v this_o he_o call_v cadogan_n before_o he_o and_o give_v he_o his_o brother_n land_n which_o be_v powis_n and_o promise_v owen_n his_o pardon_n will_v his_o father_n to_o send_v he_o to_o ireland_n when_o madoc_n see_v his_o other_o uncle_n cadogan_n rule_v the_o country_n he_o hide_v himself_o in_o rough_a and_o desert_a place_n and_o add_v one_o mischief_n upon_o a_o other_o determine_v also_o to_o murder_v he_o by_o one_o way_n or_o a_o other_o therefore_o after_o cadogan_n have_v bring_v the_o country_n to_o some_o stay_n of_o quietness_n and_o administer_v justice_n therein_o have_v ever_o a_o eye_n and_o respect_n to_o the_o king_n he_o come_v to_o trallwug_v now_o call_v pool_n and_o the_o elder_n of_o the_o country_n with_o he_o and_o determine_v to_o dwell_v there_o begin_v to_o build_v a_o castle_n but_o madoc_n hatch_n nothing_o but_o mischief_n hear_v this_o come_v sudden_o upon_o he_o and_o cadogan_n think_v no_o hurt_n be_v slay_v before_o he_o can_v either_o fight_n or_o fly_v after_o this_o madoc_n send_v incontinent_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n the_o king_n lieutenant_n at_o shrewsbury_n and_o entreat_v he_o to_o remember_v what_o he_o have_v promise_v when_o he_o chase_v owen_n out_o of_o his_o land_n for_o the_o bishop_n hate_v owen_n and_o cadogan_n and_o give_v madoc_n all_o such_o land_n as_o his_o brother_n ithel_n be_v possess_v of_o meredyth_n the_o son_n of_o blethyn_n hear_v of_o the_o death_n of_o both_o his_o brethren_n post_v to_o the_o king_n desire_v of_o he_o the_o land_n of_o jorwerth_n which_o cadogan_n have_v late_o obtain_v and_o the_o king_n give_v he_o the_o rule_n thereof_o till_o such_o time_n as_o owen_n son_n to_o cadogan_n shall_v come_v from_o ireland_n who_o come_v short_o after_o and_o go_v to_o the_o king_n who_o receive_v he_o to_o his_o peace_n and_o give_v he_o his_o land_n whereupon_o owen_n promise_v to_o the_o king_n a_o great_a fine_a and_o give_v pledge_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o same_o likewise_o madoc_n do_v fine_a to_o the_o king_n for_o his_o peace_n and_o land_n nevertheless_o the_o king_n wish_v he_o to_o take_v heed_n of_o the_o kinsfolk_n of_o such_o as_o he_o have_v murder_v upon_o his_o own_o peril_n year_n 1112_o in_o the_o year_n 1112._o meredyth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n send_v a_o party_n to_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o the_o country_n of_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahearn_n ap_fw-mi gwyn_n who_o be_v meredyth_n and_o owen_n enemy_n as_o he_o that_o succour_v madoc_n to_o kill_v his_o uncle_n jorwerth_n and_o cadogan_n meredyth_n brethren_n these_o man_n as_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o country_n of_o madoc_n in_o the_o night_n meet_v with_o a_o man_n which_o belong_v to_o madoc_n all_o the_o welsh_a despair_v one_o of_o another_o make_v way_n for_o their_o enemy_n to_o subvert_v they_o all_o who_o they_o take_v and_o examine_v where_o his_o master_n be_v he_o at_o first_o say_v that_o he_o can_v not_o tell_v but_o be_v threaten_v with_o death_n he_o confess_v that_o he_o be_v not_o far_o from_o thence_o therefore_o they_o lay_v quiet_o all_o that_o night_n and_o in_o twilight_n next_o morning_n they_o come_v sudden_o upon_o madoc_n and_o his_o man_n where_o they_o slay_v many_o of_o they_o and_o take_v madoc_n prisoner_n they_o bring_v he_o to_o their_o lord_n who_o be_v right_o glad_a thereof_o and_o secure_v his_o person_n till_o he_o have_v send_v word_n to_o his_o nephew_n owen_n who_o immediate_o upon_o the_o news_n repair_v thither_o life_n a_o great_a courtesy_n no_o question_n to_o put_v out_o a_o man_n eye_n and_o save_v his_o life_n then_o meredyth_n deliver_v madoc_n unto_o he_o and_o albeit_o he_o have_v slay_v owen_n father_n his_o own_o uncle_n yet_o owen_n remember_v the_o friendship_n and_o oath_n that_o have_v be_v betwixt_o they_o in_o time_n past_a will_v not_o put_v he_o to_o death_n but_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n let_v he_o go_v then_o meredyth_n and_o owen_n divide_v the_o land_n betwixt_o they_o which_o be_v caerneon_n aberhiw_n and_o the_o three_o part_n of_o deuthwr_n year_n 1113_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n henry_n prepare_v a_o army_n against_o wales_n be_v thereunto_o provoke_v by_o such_o as_o will_v have_v the_o welshman_n land_n to_o wit_n gilbert_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strigyl_n to_o who_o the_o king_n have_v give_v caerdigan_n who_o make_v grievous_a complaint_n against_o owen_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n declare_v that_o he_o receive_v and_o maintain_v such_o as_o rob_v and_o plunder_v the_o country_n also_o hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n say_v no_o less_o by_o gruffith_n ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n oath_n a_o rash_a and_o unchristian_a oath_n how_o that_o his_o man_n and_o the_o man_n of_o grono_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n lord_n of_o tegengl_n waste_v the_o country_n of_o cheshire_n add_v to_o aggravate_v the_o matter_n that_o gruffith_n do_v neither_o acknowledge_v to_o owe_v service_n nor_o pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o king_n whereupon_o the_o king_n swear_v that_o he_o will_v not_o leave_v one_o live_a creature_n in_o north-wales_n and_o powis_n land_n but_o new_a colonize_v they_o then_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o three_o part_n the_o lead_n of_o the_o first_o he_o commit_v to_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o strygull_n doubt_n two_o great_a king_n against_o two_o petty_a prince_n a_o great_a conquest_n no_o doubt_n wherein_o be_v the_o whole_a power_n of_o all_o the_o four_o part_n of_o england_n and_o cornwall_n against_o southwales_n alexander_n king_n of_o scotland_n have_v the_o lead_n of_o the_o second_o division_n with_o hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n wherein_o the_o power_n of_o scotland_n and_o the_o north_n be_v which_o go_v against_o north-wales_n and_o the_o king_n lead_v the_o three_o himself_o wherein_o be_v the_o strength_n of_o middle_a england_n then_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n fear_v this_o come_v and_o yield_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n but_o owen_n fear_v to_o commit_v himself_o to_o they_o who_o be_v so_o greedy_a of_o his_o land_n flee_v to_o gruffith_n ap_fw-mi conan_n to_o north-wales_n whereupon_o the_o king_n turn_v all_o his_o strength_n that_o way_n come_v himself_o as_o far_o as_o murcastelh_n and_o the_o king_n of_o scot_n as_o far_o as_o pennant_n bachwy_n but_o the_o people_n flee_v to_o the_o mountain_n and_o wood_n and_o carry_v all_o their_o victual_n and_o cattle_n with_o they_o so_o that_o the_o king_n can_v not_o follow_v they_o and_o such_o of_o his_o man_n as_o enter_v the_o land_n be_v either_o slay_v or_o gall_v in_o the_o strait_n then_o the_o scottish_a king_n send_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o come_v and_o yield_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n and_o promise_v he_o the_o king_n peace_n but_o he_o be_v acquaint_v with_o such_o promise_n and_o will_v not_o the_o king_n therefore_o because_o he_o will_v not_o return_v without_o do_v something_o send_v to_o owen_n to_o come_v to_o he_o and_o to_o forsake_v the_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v
himself_o but_o be_v ready_a to_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o scottish_a king_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n but_o for_o all_o this_o owen_n will_v not_o trust_v the_o king_n until_o such_o time_n as_o his_o uncle_n meredyth_n come_v from_o the_o king_n to_o he_o and_o counsel_v he_o not_o to_o forsake_v the_o king_n of_o england_n offer_n but_o rather_o to_o trust_v to_o his_o promise_n and_o to_o make_v haste_n before_o the_o prince_n agree_v with_o the_o king_n who_o offer_v he_o all_o his_o land_n without_o tribute_n owen_n hear_v this_o come_v to_o the_o king_n who_o receive_v he_o gracious_o and_o tell_v he_o because_o he_o have_v trust_v the_o king_n word_n and_o promise_n he_o will_v not_o only_o perform_v that_o but_o also_o exalt_v he_o above_o all_o his_o â—kin_n and_o give_v he_o his_o land_n without_o tribute_n the_o prince_n also_o hear_v of_o this_o send_v to_o the_o king_n to_o have_v his_o peace_n which_o because_o the_o king_n can_v not_o come_v by_o he_o he_o obtain_v for_o a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n some_o british_a copy_n write_v that_o the_o submission_n both_o of_o gruffith_n ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o also_o of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n be_v procure_v by_o subtle_a policy_n of_o meredyth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n the_o one_o work_v with_o gruffith_n and_o bear_v he_o in_o hand_n that_o owen_n have_v submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n and_o make_v his_o peace_n with_o he_o before_o it_o be_v so_o indeed_o so_o that_o the_o prince_n something_o yield_v to_o the_o earl_n request_n if_o owen_n have_v so_o do_v contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n for_o they_o be_v swear_v each_o to_o other_o the_o one_o not_o to_o agree_v without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o other_o seem_v to_o incline_v to_o peace_n on_o the_o otherside_n meredyth_n go_v himself_o in_o person_n to_o his_o nephew_n owen_n thereof_o this_o nation_n still_o bring_v to_o ruin_v by_o the_o noble_n thereof_o affirm_v for_o a_o truth_n that_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n be_v thorough_o agree_v concern_v peace_n and_o that_o the_o prince_n be_v on_o his_o journey_n towards_o the_o king_n to_o make_v his_o submission_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n all_o messenger_n between_o owen_n and_o the_o prince_n be_v by_o the_o procurement_n of_o meredyth_n intercept_v where_o upon_o owen_n willing_o yield_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n the_o king_n have_v finish_v his_o business_n in_o wales_n call_v owen_n to_o he_o and_o tell_v he_o that_o if_o he_o will_v go_v with_o he_o into_o normandy_n and_o be_v faithful_a unto_o he_o he_o will_v perform_v all_o his_o promise_n with_o he_o whereupon_o owen_n go_v with_o the_o king_n into_o normandy_n where_o he_o be_v make_v knight_n and_o have_v all_o promise_v perform_v by_o the_o king_n at_o his_o return_n the_o year_n follow_v at_o which_o time_n die_v griffith_n bishop_n of_o menevia_n and_o the_o king_n make_v one_o bernard_n a_o norman_a bishop_n in_o his_o place_n contrary_a to_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o the_o clergy_n of_o wales_n who_o be_v always_o accustom_v to_o choose_v their_o bishop_n at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v a_o rumour_n through_o all_o southwales_n of_o gruffith_n the_o son_n of_o rees_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n who_o for_o fear_n of_o the_o king_n have_v be_v of_o a_o child_n bring_v up_o in_o ireland_n and_o have_v come_v over_o two_o year_n since_o which_o time_n he_o have_v spend_v private_o with_o his_o friend_n and_o kinsfolk_n and_o ally_n as_o with_o girald_n steward_n of_o pembrock_n his_o brother_n in_o law_n and_o other_o but_o at_o last_o he_o be_v accuse_v to_o the_o king_n that_o he_o intend_v the_o kingdom_n of_o southwales_n as_o his_o father_n have_v enjoy_v it_o which_o be_v now_o in_o the_o king_n hand_n and_o that_o all_o the_o country_n hope_v for_o liberty_n by_o his_o mean_n therefore_o the_o king_n send_v to_o secure_v he_o but_z griffith_z ap_fw-mi rees_n hearing_n of_o this_o send_v to_o griffith_n ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n desire_v his_o and_n and_o that_o he_o may_v remain_v safe_o with_o he_o in_o his_o country_n which_o he_o grant_v and_o receive_v he_o joyful_o for_o his_o father_n sake_n howel_n the_o brother_n of_o this_o griffith_n be_v commit_v to_o prison_n arnulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o montgomery_n where_o he_o remain_v prisoner_n a_o long_a time_n make_v a_o escape_n and_o be_v sore_o hurt_v and_o bruise_v flee_v to_o gruffith_n ap_fw-mi conan_n where_fw-mi his_o brother_n be_v which_o thing_n when_o the_o king_n hear_v he_o send_v gentle_a letter_n to_o the_o prince_n desire_v he_o to_o come_v and_o speak_v with_o he_o which_z griffith_z ap_fw-mi conan_n do_v who_o the_o king_n receive_v honourable_o and_o give_v he_o rich_a gift_n and_o precious_a jewel_n after_o the_o usage_n of_o the_o norman_n who_o make_v much_o of_o man_n to_o serve_v their_o turn_n afterward_o he_o talk_v with_o he_o of_o gruffith_n ap_fw-mi rees_n promise_v he_o mountain_n of_o gold_n to_o send_v the_o say_a griffith_n or_o his_o head_n unto_o he_o the_o which_o thing_n the_o prince_n be_v deceive_v with_o the_o fair_a word_n of_o the_o king_n promise_v to_o do_v and_o so_o return_v home_o joyful_o but_o gruffith_n ap_fw-mi rees_n and_o howel_n his_o brother_n have_v counsel_n give_v they_o to_o withdraw_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o way_n awhile_o until_o they_o understand_v what_o the_o prince_n will_v do_v for_o their_o friend_n suspect_v the_o king_n message_n the_o prince_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o come_v to_o his_o palace_n at_o aberfraw_n inquire_v for_o griffith_n ap_fw-mi rees_n and_o learn_v where_o he_o be_v send_v certain_a horseman_n for_o he_o to_o come_v to_o his_o court_n and_o as_o they_o come_v towards_o his_o house_n where_o he_o be_v he_o have_v warning_n of_o their_o come_n and_o with_o much_o ado_n escape_v to_o the_o church_n of_o aberdaron_n and_o take_v sanctuary_n there_o then_o the_o messenger_n return_v again_o and_o declare_v to_o the_o prince_n how_o all_o thing_n fall_v out_o and_o the_o prince_n be_v high_o offend_v command_v he_o to_o be_v take_v out_o by_o force_n but_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n with_o stand_v that_o and_o defend_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o church_n that_o night_n some_o who_o take_v compassion_n to_o see_v the_o young_a man_n innocent_a to_o be_v seek_v as_o a_o lamb_n to_o the_o slaughter_n convey_v he_o away_o out_o of_o north-wales_n to_o stratywy_a in_o southwales_n where_o he_o be_v compel_v for_o safeguard_n of_o his_o own_o life_n to_o rebel_v against_o the_o king_n and_o so_o gather_v all_o the_o power_n he_o can_v to_o he_o make_v war_n against_o the_o fleming_n and_o norman_n year_n 1116_o the_o next_o year_n after_o to_o wit_n 1116._o gruffith_n ap_fw-mi rees_n do_v gather_v his_o force_n and_o lay_v seidg_n to_o a_o castle_n that_o be_v over_o against_o arberth_n and_o win_v the_o same_o and_o utter_o dismantle_v it_o lay_v it_o level_a with_o the_o ground_n which_o do_v he_o approach_v the_o castle_n of_o richard_n de_fw-fr pwn_n at_o lhanymdhyfry_n to_o who_o the_o king_n have_v give_v the_o cantref_n bychan_n and_o will_v have_v burn_v it_o but_o meredyth_n ap_fw-mi rytherck_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o same_o and_o the_o garrison_n defend_v it_o courageous_o yet_o gruffith_n fire_v the_o outwork_n and_o slay_v many_o of_o the_o soldier_n but_o not_o without_o loss_n on_o his_o own_o part_n and_o then_o return_v without_o any_o advantage_n from_o thence_o he_o go_v to_o abertawy_n and_o beleaguer_v a_o castle_n which_o henry_n beaumond_n earl_n of_o warwick_n have_v build_v burn_v the_o outguard_n and_o destroy_v the_o country_n of_o stratywy_a upon_o these_o transaction_n several_a hare-brained_a young_a man_n in_o great_a number_n from_o all_o part_n adjoin_v themselves_o to_o gruffith_n so_o that_o his_o power_n begin_v to_o be_v considerable_a which_o so_o elevate_v his_o thought_n that_o he_o make_v attempt_n and_o inroad_n into_o ros_n and_o dynet_n spoil_v and_o plunder_v the_o country_n the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n see_v this_o mischief_n enter_v into_o consultation_n how_o to_o remedy_v so_o grand_a a_o tempest_n call_v unto_o their_o aid_n and_o assistance_n all_o such_o as_o be_v the_o king_n friend_n among_o which_o be_v owen_n ap_fw-mi ritherck_n and_o rytherck_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n and_o his_o son_n meredyth_n and_o owen_n who_o mother_n be_v heynyth_n the_o daughther_n of_o blethin_n ap_fw-mi convin_n and_o owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoo_n who_o mother_n be_v genlhian_n a_o other_o daughter_n of_o blethin_n ap_fw-mi convin_n and_o meredyth_n ap_fw-mi rytherck_n and_o ask_v whether_o they_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o answer_v affirmative_o if_o you_o be_v say_v they_o you_o
must_v keep_v and_o defend_v the_o castle_n of_o carmarthin_n and_o that_o after_o this_o manner_n first_o owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n shall_v keep_v it_o a_o fortnight_n and_o rytherck_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n and_o his_o son_n a_o other_o fortnight_n and_o so_o by_o course_n which_o they_o be_v content_a to_o do_v then_o owen_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o robert_n courtmain_n in_o abercomin_v or_o abercorran_n be_v commit_v to_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi cadovor_n short_o after_o gruffith_n ap_fw-mi rees_n send_v his_o scout_n to_o discover_v the_o condition_n of_o caermarthyn_n and_o the_o castle_n who_o survey_v it_o return_v with_o welcome_a news_n whereupon_o he_o come_v unexpected_a and_o beleaguer_v the_o town_n echo_v great_a shout_n and_o outcry_n which_o cause_v owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n to_o repair_v speedy_o to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o noise_n be_v think_v that_o his_o man_n will_v have_v follow_v he_o but_o the_o most_o part_n of_o they_o flee_v and_o so_o owen_n die_v in_o the_o bed_n of_o honour_n make_v his_o valour_n sufficient_o appear_v in_o which_o conflict_n the_o town_n be_v win_v and_o the_o castle_n deface_v this_o do_v gruffith_n return_v to_o his_o place_n of_o residence_n and_o strength_n full_o fraught_v with_o spoil_n and_o plunder_v this_o fortunate_a attempt_n allure_v fresh_a supply_n of_o young_a and_o gallant_a spirit_n who_o come_v volunteer_n to_o serve_v under_o his_o banner_n think_v all_o to_o be_v their_o own_o puff_v up_o with_o this_o good_a success_n gruffith_n attempt_v gwyr_n and_o surprise_v a_o strong_a fort_n commit_v it_o to_o the_o merciless_a element_n of_o fire_n which_o william_n de_fw-fr londres_n perceive_v forsake_v his_o own_o castle_n and_o with_o his_o man_n betake_v himself_o to_o his_o heel_n which_o give_v a_o easy_a entrance_n to_o gruffith_n who_o set_v fire_n to_o the_o castle_n and_o carry_v away_o all_o the_o cattle_n and_o spoil_n of_o the_o country_n fortune_n seem_v now_o a_o propitious_a deity_n to_o gruffith_n which_o animate_v the_o man_n of_o cardigan_n to_o invite_v he_o to_o be_v their_o protector_n and_o defender_n as_o be_v both_o their_o kinsman_n and_o countryman_n the_o hitherto_o fortunate_a gruffith_n embrace_v their_o election_n and_o proffer_n friendly_a visit_n they_o and_o be_v joyful_o receive_v by_o cadavor_n ap_fw-mi grono_fw-it and_o howel_n ap_fw-mi diverth_n and_o traberne_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n who_o have_v forsake_v dynet_n leave_v it_o full_a of_o norman_n fleming_n and_o englishman_n there_o be_v also_o many_o stranger_n in_o caerdigan_n which_o rule_v that_o country_n who_o the_o people_n hate_v not_o forget_v the_o wrong_n which_o they_o have_v former_o receive_v from_o they_o notwithstanding_o henry_n king_n of_o england_n have_v bring_v all_o that_o country_n into_o subjection_n partly_o banish_v the_o native_n partly_o by_o force_n but_o especial_o by_o gift_n fair_a promise_n and_o reward_n but_o all_o this_o can_v not_o dismay_v or_o impeach_v heroic_a gruffith_n from_o come_v to_o caerdigan_n iscoed_n where_o he_o fierce_o begin_v a_o strong_a fortress_n which_o earl_n gilbert_n and_o the_o fleming_n have_v erect_v at_o blaen_n porth_n gwithan_n be_v after_o long_o fight_v and_o divers_a assault_n with_o great_a destruction_n of_o the_o besiege_a and_o the_o only_a loss_n of_o one_o of_o his_o man_n the_o place_n be_v commit_v to_o fire_n and_o flame_n and_o the_o country_n bring_v into_o subjection_n this_o so_o affright_v the_o stranger_n that_o they_o flee_v confuse_o relinquish_a the_o house_n and_o habitation_n to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o native_n who_o burn_v all_o before_o they_o to_o penwedic_n the_o next_o enterprise_n take_v in_o hand_n be_v the_o assail_a of_o a_o fort_n in_o stradpythilk_fw-mi which_o belong_v to_o ralph_n earl_n gilbert_n stewart_n which_o be_v win_v and_o the_o soldier_n therein_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n from_o thence_o they_o encamp_v at_o glasgryg_n a_o mile_n from_o lhanbadarn_n where_o they_o offer_v violence_n to_o the_o church_n take_v away_o cattle_n to_o victual_v themselves_o which_o be_v within_o compass_n of_o sanctuary_n purpose_v the_o day_n follow_v to_o besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o aberystwith_n which_o be_v declare_v to_o ralph_n the_o steward_n he_o send_v secret_o to_o the_o castle_n of_o stratmeyric_n which_o gilbert_n have_v build_v for_o succour_n which_o from_o thence_o come_v to_o he_o by_o night_n the_o day_n follow_v gruffith_n come_v to_o the_o castle_n out_o of_o order_n and_o discipline_n as_o fear_v nothing_o nor_o know_v what_o strength_n be_v within_o and_o so_o stand_v upon_o a_o hill_n the_o river_n be_v betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o castle_n with_o a_o bridge_n to_o pass_v over_o where_o he_o and_o his_o chieftain_n call_v a_o counsel_n of_o war_n concern_v the_o fabricate_a of_o engine_n to_o give_v the_o assault_n this_o consultation_n continue_v till_o night_n at_o which_o time_n the_o norman_n see_v their_o disorder_n send_v archer_n to_o the_o riverside_n to_o skirmish_v with_o they_o hope_v thereby_o to_o allure_v and_o draw_v the_o welshman_n to_o the_o bridge_n that_o the_o arm_a horseman_n may_v sudden_o issue_v out_o and_o fall_v upon_o they_o the_o welshman_n ignorant_a of_o this_o design_n and_o stratagem_n approach_v the_o bridge_n with_o manful_a resolution_n fight_n 〈◊〉_d enemy_n when_o sudden_o issue_v forth_o one_o single_a horseman_n who_o will_v have_v pass_v the_o bridge_n but_o his_o horse_n be_v wound_v by_o a_o pike_n and_o begin_v to_o fail_v and_o as_o he_o endeavour_v to_o retreat_n he_o fall_v from_o his_o horse_n and_o the_o native_n pursue_v he_o over_o the_o bridge_n when_o the_o englishman_n see_v that_o they_o flee_v towards_o the_o castle_n and_o the_o welshman_n follow_v to_o the_o hill_n top_n when_o sudden_o the_o ambuscado_n of_o horseman_n that_o lay_v under_o the_o hill_n interpose_v betwixt_o they_o and_o their_o fellow_n soldier_n and_o those_o who_o seem_v to_o fly_v return_v with_o haughty_a spirit_n have_v fresh_a recruit_n so_o that_o the_o welshman_n be_v surround_v and_o the_o bridge_n so_o maintain_v that_o no_o rescue_n can_v come_v to_o they_o where_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n slay_v as_o be_v naked_a and_o unprovided_a for_o such_o a_o entertainment_n the_o rest_n see_v the_o great_a number_n of_o man_n arm_v which_o they_o look_v not_o for_o turn_v face_n about_o and_o depart_v the_o country_n but_o when_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hear_v all_o these_o transaction_n and_o passage_n he_o send_v for_o owen_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n to_o who_o when_o he_o come_v the_o king_n say_v owen_n i_o have_v find_v thou_o true_a and_o faithful_a unto_o i_o therefore_o i_o desire_v thou_o to_o take_v or_o kill_v that_o murderer_n gruffith_n ap_fw-mi rees_n who_o do_v so_o molest_v my_o love_a subject_n i_o assure_v thou_o my_o chief_a trust_n be_v in_o the_o and_o in_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi traberne_n who_o shall_v go_v with_o thou_o and_o you_o two_o shall_v wait_v upon_o my_o son_n robert_n who_o i_o will_v send_v short_o against_o that_o traitor_n with_o a_o army_n and_o look_v how_o thou_o serve_v i_o at_o this_o time_n so_o will_v i_o recompense_v thou_o without_o fail_v owen_n herewith_o be_v overjoy_v that_o the_o king_n put_v such_o confidence_n in_o he_o encourage_v his_o man_n to_o do_v their_o endeavour_n at_o this_o time_n to_o work_v the_o king_n end_n as_o they_o have_v do_v heretofore_o to_o offend_v he_o and_o so_o join_v with_o lywarck_n they_o go_v towards_o stratywy_a to_o meet_v with_o the_o king_n son_n and_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o country_n they_o make_v a_o vow_n that_o neither_o man_n woman_n or_o child_n shall_v escape_v their_o hand_n alive_a vow_n a_o cruel_a vow_n when_o the_o people_n understand_v of_o this_o cruel_a and_o bloodthirsty_a army_n they_o flee_v out_o of_o the_o country_n some_o to_o wood_n other_z to_z rock_n and_o cave_n and_o some_o to_o the_o king_n castle_n to_o save_v their_o life_n thus_o they_o divide_v their_o force_n to_o enter_v the_o wood_n and_o strait_n which_o be_v very_o many_o in_o that_o country_n and_o owen_n himself_o take_v with_o he_o about_o 100_o man_n and_o enter_v the_o wood_n and_o perceive_v that_o man_n and_o cattle_n have_v pass_v that_o way_n who_o he_o follow_v and_o overtake_v and_o slay_v some_o of_o they_o put_v the_o rest_n to_o flight_n then_o take_v their_o cattle_n return_v back_o towards_o his_o company_n but_o at_o the_o instant_n behold_v girald_v the_o steward_n of_o pembroke_n with_o all_o his_o power_n of_o fleming_n be_v come_v to_o meet_v the_o king_n son_n and_o meet_v with_o they_o that_o flee_v who_o cry_v out_o to_o he_o for_o help_v and_o declare_v to_o he_o that_o owen_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n have_v spoil_v they_o of_o all_o their_o good_n now_o when_o girald_n and_o the_o fleming_n
enter_v perforce_o and_o put_v many_o to_o the_o sword_n and_o take_v the_o rest_n raze_z the_o castle_n to_o the_o ground_n which_o victory_n do_v so_o please_v the_o prince_n that_o he_o forget_v his_o doleful_a accent_n and_o solitary_a retirement_n and_o fall_v to_o his_o accustom_a pastime_n about_o this_o time_n cadelh_n meredyth_n and_o rees_n the_o son_n of_o gruffith_n ap_fw-mi rees_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n do_v conduct_v their_o force_n against_o the_o castle_n of_o gwys_n which_o after_o they_o perceive_v they_o can_v not_o win_v they_o send_v for_o howel_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n to_o their_o aid_n who_o for_o his_o prowess_n and_o valour_n in_o the_o field_n and_o his_o discretion_n in_o consultation_n be_v esteem_v the_o flower_n of_o chivalry_n who_o presence_n be_v think_v also_o only_o sufficient_a to_o overcome_v any_o fortress_n he_o be_v desirous_a to_o purchase_v honour_n gather_v his_o man_n and_o come_v to_o these_o lord_n before_o the_o castle_n of_o gwys_n request_n granados_n not_o yet_o in_o request_n who_o they_o receive_v with_o general_a acclamation_n and_o great_a expression_n of_o joy_n when_o he_o have_v view_v the_o place_n he_o cause_v engine_n to_o be_v make_v to_o batter_v the_o wall_n with_o force_n of_o man_n and_o other_o to_o cast_v great_a stone_n to_o their_o enemy_n britain_n the_o strong_a castle_n of_o gwyl_n take_v by_o the_o britain_n thereby_o to_o disquiet_v the_o garrison_n which_o preparation_n when_o they_o within_o behold_v their_o heart_n fail_v and_o forthwith_o they_o yield_v the_o fort_n which_o do_v howell_n return_v home_o with_o great_a honour_n short_o after_o there_o fall_v a_o great_a dissension_n betwixt_o howell_n and_o conan_n prince_n owen_n son_n and_o cadwallader_n their_o uncle_n whereupon_o they_o rally_v their_o force_n and_o enter_v the_o country_n of_o merloneth_n which_o cause_v the_o people_n to_o fly_v to_o sanctuary_n for_o security_n of_o their_o life_n these_o two_o young_a lord_n make_v proclamation_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v hurt_v such_o as_o will_v submit_v themselves_o whereupon_o the_o people_n which_o have_v flee_v return_v to_o their_o house_n without_o any_o damage_n or_o hurt_n thus_o they_o bring_v by_o fair_a mean_n all_o the_o country_n under_o their_o wish_a subjection_n and_o lead_v their_o army_n unto_o the_o castle_n of_o cynvael_n which_o cadwallader_n have_v build_v and_o fortify_v wherein_o be_v the_o abbot_n of_o tuygwyn_n or_o whitehouse_n to_o who_o the_o lord_n have_v commit_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o castle_n corslet_n a_o crosier_n fit_a for_o a_o abbot_n than_o a_o corslet_n howell_n and_o conan_n summon_v the_o fort_n with_o great_a threaten_n but_o they_o within_o defy_v they_o whereupon_o howell_n and_o conan_n promise_v the_o abbot_n meruni_n great_a reward_n to_o let_v they_o have_v the_o house_n but_o he_o like_o a_o faithful_a servant_n who_o neither_o terrible_a menace_n nor_o gild_a promise_n can_v move_v to_o betray_v a_o trust_n continue_v faithful_a and_o deny_v they_o entrance_n choose_v rather_o to_o die_v with_o honour_n than_o to_o live_v with_o shame_n with_o which_o answer_n the_o young_a lord_n be_v great_o offend_v that_o a_o priest_n shall_v stay_v their_o prosperous_a proceed_n and_o thereupon_o give_v a_o assault_n to_o the_o castle_n so_o terrible_a that_o after_o they_o have_v beat_v down_o the_o wall_n they_o enter_v by_o force_n and_o slay_v and_o wound_v all_o in_o the_o garrison_n save_v the_o abbot_n who_o escape_v private_o by_o mean_n of_o friend_n which_o he_o have_v in_o howell_n army_n in_o the_o year_n 1147._o die_v bohthr_v bishop_n of_o landaff_n mr._n godwyn_n call_v he_o vthryd_n and_o say_v he_o have_v a_o daughter_n before_o he_o be_v bishop_n marry_v to_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n lord_n of_o carleon_n upon_o vsk_n a_o great_a and_o mighty_a man_n in_o those_o part_n 426._o godwin_n in_o landaff_n fol._n 426._o but_o he_o affirm_v that_o he_o die_v 1141._o powell_n say_v who_o nicholas_n ap_fw-mi gurgant_n succeed_v but_o godwyn_n tell_v we_o that_o h._n jorwerth_n be_v his_o successor_n who_o die_v anno_fw-la 1153._o in_o the_o year_n 1148._o die_v barnard_n bishop_n of_o david_n or_o menevia_n of_o this_o barnard_n thus_o write_v godwyn_n barnard_n a_o norman_a chaplain_n unto_o k._n hen._n i._n and_o chancellor_n unto_o his_o queen_n be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n july_n the_o 12._o 1115._o 418._o godwin_n cat._n episco_n in_o landaff_n fol._n 418._o not_o choose_v by_o the_o clergy_n of_o wales_n as_o hitherto_o have_v be_v accustom_v but_o force_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o king_n who_o have_v then_o new_o conquer_v wales_n this_o man_n be_v in_o great_a favour_n with_o the_o king_n and_o presume_v upon_o the_o goodness_n of_o his_o cause_n begin_v to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o archbishop_n and_o cause_v his_o cross_n sometime_o in_o wales_n to_o be_v carry_v before_o he_o after_o long_a suit_n and_o much_o money_n spend_v in_o this_o cause_n betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n barnard_n have_v prevail_v at_o the_o last_o as_o giraldus_n camb._n seem_v to_o persuade_v have_v not_o two_o suborn_v witness_n depose_v a_o flat_a untruth_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o pope_n giraldus_n doubt_v not_o confident_o to_o pronounce_v that_o the_o power_n and_o wealth_n of_o the_o archb._n of_o cant._n have_v out-born_a the_o poor_a bishop_n of_o st._n david_n in_o this_o matter_n without_o all_o right_a this_o bishop_n say_v giraldus_n be_v a_o man_n in_o some_o other_o respect_n praiseworthy_a but_o unreasonable_a proud_a and_o ambitious_a as_o most_o of_o the_o englishman_n be_v in_o those_o time_n who_o be_v thrust_v into_o bishopric_n again_o he_o be_v a_o very_a ill_a husband_n to_o his_o church_n alienate_v divers_a land_n and_o let_v other_o for_o the_o ten_o penny_n of_o that_o his_o predecessor_n have_v make_v of_o they_o so_o think_v to_o make_v a_o way_n by_o gratify_v of_o courtier_n unto_o some_o better_a bishopric_n in_o england_n he_o be_v deceive_v of_o his_o expectation_n have_v be_v bishop_n of_o st._n david_n about_o 33_o year_n he_o die_v 1148._o of_o this_o old_a menevia_n in_o succeed_a time_n call_v st._n david_n you_o may_v read_v before_o in_o this_o history_n but_o i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o set_v down_o the_o succession_n of_o that_o see_v have_v now_o fit_a opportunity_n according_a to_o godwin_n david_n godwin_n fol._n 413._o in_o st._n david_n the_o british_a history_n do_v all_o report_n that_o in_o this_o island_n at_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christian_a religion_n here_o there_o be_v establish_v 28._o episcopal_n see_v of_o these_o 28._o three_o be_v archbishopric_n london_n york_z and_o carlegion_n or_o caerleon_n upon_o usher_n in_o monmothshire_n at_o caerleon_n which_o be_v then_o a_o great_a and_o populous_a city_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n arthur_n sit_v dubritius_fw-la the_o son_n of_o eurdila_n a_o gentlewoman_n of_o great_a birth_n but_o who_o be_v her_o father_n it_o be_v never_o know_v he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o excellent_a learning_n and_o singular_a integrity_n in_o regard_n whereof_o when_o first_o he_o have_v take_v great_a pain_n many_o year_n as_o well_o in_o teach_v and_o read_v unto_o his_o scholar_n whereof_o he_o have_v a_o great_a number_n as_o in_o preach_v unto_o the_o people_n he_o be_v appoint_v first_o bishop_n of_o landaff_n and_o have_v stay_v there_o no_o long_a time_n be_v make_v archbishop_n of_o all_o wales_n by_o germanus_n and_o lupus_n two_o bishop_n of_o france_n that_o be_v entreat_v by_o aurelius_n ambrose_n king_n of_o britain_n to_o come_v over_o and_o yield_v their_o best_a help_n for_o the_o extinguish_n of_o the_o palagian_a heresy_n that_o have_v take_v great_a root_n in_o this_o country_n aurelius_n ambrose_n be_v dead_a he_o crown_v uther_n pendragon_n and_o afterward_o that_o great_a arthur_n king_n of_o this_o island_n and_o wax_a old_a he_o resign_v his_o bishopric_n unto_o david_n a_o disciple_n of_o he_o he_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o i_o will_v of_o enlhi_n now_o call_v bardsey_n where_o he_o lead_v a_o solitary_a life_n many_o year_n october_n 14._o ann._n 612._o his_o bone_n be_v after_o remove_v to_o landaff_n by_o vrbanus_n bishop_n there_o may_v 7._o 1120._o 1._o st._n david_n david_n before_o name_v be_v uncle_n unto_o k._n arthur_n and_o son_n of_o xanthus_n a_o prince_n of_o wales_n beget_v upon_o one_o melearta_n a_o man_n very_o learned_a eloquent_a and_o of_o incredible_a austerity_n of_o life_n and_o conversation_n he_o be_v also_o very_o tall_a of_o stature_n and_o of_o a_o comely_a personage_n by_o his_o diligence_n palagianisme_n be_v quite_o root_v out_o and_o many_o earnest_a professor_n of_o the_o same_o convert_v unto_o the_o truth_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o k._n arthur_n he_o remove_v
the_o bishopric_n though_o for_o the_o metropolitan_a dignity_n it_o be_v content_a to_o let_v st._n david_n have_v what_o be_v leave_v thereof_o the_o first_o bishop_n here_o of_o who_o be_v any_o good_a record_n be_v st._n dubritius_fw-la consecrate_v by_o saint_n lupus_n and_o germanus_n that_o time_n they_o come_v hither_o out_o of_o france_n for_o the_o extirpation_n of_o the_o pelagian_a heresy_n the_o church_n he_o dedicate_v to_o st._n thelianus_n the_o next_o successor_n to_o st._n dubritius_fw-la found_v on_o the_o river_n taff_n and_o thence_o call_v landaff_n then_o in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n signify_v a_o church_n or_o holy_a place_n a_o church_n very_o well_o endow_v by_o the_o munificence_n and_o piety_n of_o great_a person_n in_o those_o time_n so_o well_o that_o it_o be_v affirm_v by_o mr._n godwin_n that_o be_v it_o possess_v now_o of_o the_o ten_o part_n only_o of_o what_o once_o it_o have_v it_o may_v be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o rich_a church_n in_o all_o christendom_n the_o ruin_n of_o it_o come_v in_o the_o time_n of_o bish_n dunstan_n alias_o kitehin_n who_o thereupon_o be_v call_v fundi_n nostri_fw-la calamitas_fw-la by_o bish_n godwin_n the_o diocese_n contain_v only_a part_n of_o glamorganshire_n and_o part_n of_o monmothshire_n though_o the_o most_o of_o each_o and_o in_o those_o part_n 177_o parish_n whereof_o 98_o impropriation_n and_o for_o they_o one_o archdeacon_n which_o be_v call_v of_o lhandaff_n the_o bishopric_n be_v value_v in_o the_o king_n book_n 154_o l._n 14_o s._n 1_o d._n the_o clergy_n pay_v for_o their_o ten_o somewhat_o near_o the_o same_o viz._n 155_o l._n 5_o s._n 4_o d._n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v or_o may_v be_v observe_v if_o it_o please_v the_o reader_n that_o neither_o here_o nor_o at_o st._n david_n there_o be_v any_o dean_n 423._o godwin_n in_o landaff_n fol._n 423._o nor_o ever_o be_v in_o any_o of_o the_o time_n before_o we_o the_o bishop_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n and_o 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glewissig_n ithael_n a_o king_n gurwodius_n king_n of_o ergnig_n cuiuni_fw-la gurgant_n clodri_n noble_a man_n of_o wales_n call_v in_o evidence_n by_o the_o name_n of_o king_n lluddgwallawn_n clydiawc_n nagwy_fw-fr hywell_n gruffith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n rys_n king_n of_o glewissig_n arthmael_n king_n of_o gwent_n rhodri_n rhiderck_n king_n of_o morganwc_n jestin_n ap_fw-mi gurgant_n caradock_n gruffith_n ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n king_n of_o all_o wales_n 3_o oudoceus_n or_o odoceus_fw-la succeed_v st._n telian_a he_o be_v also_o very_o noble_o bear_v and_o after_o his_o death_n repute_v a_o saint_n as_o be_v also_o his_o predecessor_n he_o die_v july_n the_o 2d._o the_o year_n i_o find_v not_o 4_o vbelwinus_fw-la alius_fw-la vbelwin_n 5_o aidenus_n 6_o elgistill_v 7_o lunapeius_fw-la 8_o gomergwinus_fw-la alius_fw-la gomergius_fw-la 9_o argwistil_v 10_o gervanus_n or_o gurven_n 11_o gwydlonius_fw-la alius_fw-la gwod_n loiw_v 12_o edilbinus_fw-la alius_fw-la edilbin_n 13_o grecielus_n 14_o berthywynus_n 15_o tricanus_fw-la l_o trican_n 16_o eluogus_fw-la 17_o cadgwaret_n 18_o cerenhir_n 19_o nobis_fw-la 20_o pater_fw-la 21_o gulfredus_n alius_fw-la gulfrit_n 22_o nuth_n alias_o nudd_n 23_o cymeiliawc_n alius_fw-la cymbelinus_fw-la he_o die_v 917_o 24_o libianth_n or_o libianch_n he_o die_v 929._o 25_o gogwenus_n be_v consecrate_v by_o st._n dunstan_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 982._o so_o it_o seem_v this_o see_n be_v long_o void_a 26_o marchluid_n l_o marchlwyth_n 27_o bledry_n or_o bletheri_n choose_v by_o the_o king_n clergy_n and_o people_n of_o the_o country_n be_v consecrate_a by_o alaricius_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 993._o he_o die_v 1022._o 28_o joseph_n be_v consecrate_v by_o alnothus_fw-la archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n octob._n 1._o 1022._o he_o die_v at_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1046._o 29_o herewald_n be_v consecrate_v at_o london_n by_o stigand_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o whitsun_n week_n 1056._o he_o die_v march_v 6_o 1103._o be_v 100_o year_n of_o age_n and_o have_v continue_v in_o his_o bishopriek_n 48_o year_n 30_o vrbanus_n archdeacon_n of_o landaff_n be_v consecrate_v together_o with_o divers_a bishop_n august_n the_o 10_o 1108._o be_v then_o but_o 32_o year_n of_o age_n at_o the_o first_o come_v he_o find_v his_o bishopric_n in_o a_o very_a poor_a and_o miserable_a estate_n the_o church_n ruinate_v almost_o even_o to_o the_o very_a ground_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a war_n under_o william_n the_o conqueror_n the_o revenue_n of_o themselves_o small_a and_o yet_o so_o ill_o husband_v by_o the_o negligence_n of_o his_o predecessor_n as_o they_o can_v now_o scarce_o maintain_v two_o canon_n beside_o the_o bishop_n whereas_o there_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v 24_o complain_v hereof_o to_o the_o pope_n calixtus_n the_o second_o at_o what_o time_n he_o be_v at_o the_o council_n at_o rheims_n viz._n the_o year_n 1119._o he_o afford_v he_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o king_n as_o also_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o clergy_n and_o gentleman_n of_o his_o own_o diocese_n earnest_o pray_v they_o to_o yield_v he_o their_o best_a assistance_n for_o the_o reformation_n of_o his_o church_n so_o disorder_v the_o archbishop_n the_o rather_o to_o draw_v on_o the_o liberality_n of_o man_n in_o contribute_v towards_o the_o new_a build_n of_o the_o church_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o release_v the_o four_o part_n of_o penance_n inflict_v upon_o such_o as_o shall_v bestow_v any_o thing_n towards_o the_o same_o by_o this_o mean_n have_v mass_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n 1120._o the_o now_o church_n of_o landaff_n build_v 1120._o begin_v the_o build_n of_o that_o church_n which_o now_o stand_v april_n the_o 14_o 1120._o and_o have_v finish_v it_o build_v anew_o also_o all_o house_n belong_v to_o it_o then_o next_o endeavour_v to_o recover_v the_o land_n lose_v or_o alienate_v from_o his_o see_n he_o challenge_v divers_a parcel_n which_o be_v hold_v by_o barnard_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n and_o richard_n
bishop_n of_o hereford_n and_o moreover_o complain_v that_o they_o have_v usurp_v on_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o these_o place_n gwhyr_n cedwely_n cantref_n bychan_n ystrad_n yw_n and_o ergeng_n upon_o deposition_n of_o 6_o witness_n that_o all_o these_o be_v of_o the_o diocese_n of_o landaff_n they_o be_v so_o adjudge_v by_o the_o pope_n definitive_a sentence_n who_o also_o write_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o archbishop_n to_o restore_v that_o right_n unto_o the_o bishop_n of_o landaff_n and_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n as_o their_o diocesan_n howbeit_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v i_o know_v not_o those_o place_n be_v now_o and_o long_o have_v be_v esteem_v part_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o st._n david_n and_o part_n of_o hereford_n and_o none_o of_o they_o of_o landaff_n this_o bishop_n die_v beyond_o sea_n travel_v betwixt_o this_o and_o rome_n anno_fw-la 1133._o vacat_fw-la sedes_fw-la annos_fw-la 6._o 31_o vchtred_a that_o succeed_v have_v a_o daughter_n marry_v before_o he_o have_v order_n to_o jorworth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n lord_n of_o caerlbeon_n upon_o vsk_n a_o great_a and_o mighty_a man_n in_o those_o part_n he_o die_v a_o 1141._o 32_o geoffrey_n die_v 1153._o 33_o nicolas_n ap_fw-mi gurgant_n die_v 1183._o 34_o william_n de_fw-fr salso_fw-la marisco_n 35_o henry_n prior_n of_o burgavenni_fw-la be_v founder_n of_o 12_o prebend_n in_o the_o church_n of_o landaff_n he_o die_v 1218._o 36_o william_n prior_n of_o goldeliff_n in_o monmothshire_n die_v january_n 28_o a_o 1229._o 37_o elis_n de_fw-fr radnor_n die_v may_v the_o 6_o 1240._o 38_o william_n de_fw-fr burgo_n chaplain_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o 3d._o be_v consecrate_v the_o year_n 1244._o and_o die_v june_n 11_o 1253._o have_v live_v blind_a 7_o year_n before_o his_o death_n 39_o john_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr ware_n abbot_n of_o margan_n die_v about_o the_o end_n of_o june_n 1253._o 40_o william_n de_fw-fr radnor_n die_v january_n the_o 9_o 1265._o 41_o william_n de_fw-fr brew_v die_v in_o the_o end_n of_o march_n 1287._o he_o lie_v bury_v under_o a_o marble_n engrave_v in_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o church_n of_o landaff_n towards_o the_o north_n wall_n vacat_fw-la sedes_fw-la annos_fw-la 9_o 42_o john_n de_fw-fr monmoth_n doctor_n of_o divinity_n be_v consecrate_v feb._n 10._o 1296._o at_o canterbury_n and_o die_v april_n 8_o 1323._o he_o lie_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o church_n celceuliere_n common_o call_v our_o lady_n chapel_n under_o a_o flat_a marble_n have_v a_o french_a inscription_n now_o somewhat_o deface_v 43_o john_n de_fw-fr egliscliff_n a_o friar_n preacher_n be_v consecrate_v at_o rome_n and_o come_v to_o his_o diocese_n of_o landaff_n upon_o the_o eve_n of_o trinity_n sunday_n 1223._o he_o die_v at_o lankadwaladar_n jan._n 2._o 1346._o and_o be_v bury_v at_o caediff_n 44_o john_n paschall_n doctor_n of_o divinity_n a_o carmelite_n of_o ipswich_n be_v a_o gentleman_n bear_v in_o suffolk_n of_o a_o family_n yet_o remain_v there_o and_o bring_v up_o in_o the_o university_n of_o cambridge_n by_o william_n bateman_n bishop_n of_o norwich_n be_v make_v a_o titulary_a bishop_n and_o his_o suffragan_n by_o the_o name_n of_o episcopus_fw-la scutariensis_fw-la from_o that_o imaginary_a see_v he_o be_v translate_v by_o the_o pope_n to_o landaff_n a_o 1347._o die_v 1361._o and_o be_v bury_v at_o landaff_n he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o leave_v divers_a monument_n thereof_o in_o write_v behind_o he_o 45_o roger_n cradoc_n a_o friar_n minor_n 46_o thomas_n rushook_n a_o friar_n preacher_n and_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n be_v translate_v to_o chichester_n 47_o william_n de_fw-fr betlesham_n make_v bishop_n of_o bethelem_n by_o the_o pope_n be_v translate_v first_o to_o landaff_n and_o after_o to_o rochester_n 48_o edmund_n de_fw-fr bromfield_n be_v a_o dr._n of_o divinity_n and_o monk_n at_o bury_v where_o be_v know_v for_o a_o a_o man_n of_o a_o very_a pragmatical_a and_o stir_a humour_n that_o he_o may_v not_o trouble_v they_o at_o home_n the_o covent_n think_v good_a to_o maintain_v he_o at_o rome_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o their_o ordinary_a business_n there_o take_v first_o a_o corporal_a oath_n of_o he_o never_o to_o seek_v any_o office_n or_o preferment_n of_o their_o house_n without_o their_o privity_n and_o direction_n this_o oath_n notwithstanding_o when_o short_o after_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o abbot_n die_v he_o find_v mean_n that_o the_o pope_n shall_v entitle_v he_o to_o the_o abbotship_n whereunto_o the_o covent_n with_o the_o king_n good_a like_n have_v now_o already_o elect_v another_o man_n far_o more_o meet_a call_v john_n tymworth_n for_o this_o bad_a kind_n of_o deal_v as_o also_o because_o as_o those_o provisory_a bull_n have_v be_v forbid_v by_o parliament_n he_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o tower_n and_o there_o lie_v prisoner_n a_o long_a time_n but_o in_o the_o end_n the_o bishop_n of_o landaff_n ut_fw-la ante_fw-la be_v translate_v to_o rochester_n he_o be_v prefer_v to_o that_o see_n 49_o tydemannus_n abbot_n of_o beaulieu_n succeed_v bromfield_n and_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o be_v that_o tydemannus_n de_fw-fr winchcomb_n that_o anno_fw-la 1395_o become_v bishop_n of_o worcester_n 50_o andrew_n barret_n doctor_n of_o law_n 51_o john_n burghyll_n a_o friar_n preacher_n be_v bishop_n of_o landaff_n and_o confessor_n unto_o the_o king_n be_v translate_v to_o lichfield_n in_o sept._n 1398._o 52_o thomas_n peverel_n a_o carmelite_n and_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n be_v first_o bishop_n of_o ossery_n in_o ireland_n translate_v thence_o to_o landaff_n 1399_o and_o thence_o to_o worcester_n 1407._o 53_o john_n la_fw-fr zouche_n a_o friar_n minor_n and_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n it_o shall_v seem_v that_o this_o man_n build_v either_o a_o great_a part_n or_o else_o happy_o all_o of_o the_o house_n at_o mathern_n near_o chepstow_n build_v the_o bishop_n house_n of_o matherne_n build_v the_o only_a house_n that_o be_v now_o leave_v the_o bishop_n if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o to_o put_v his_o head_n in_o his_o arm_n fix_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o window_n to_o my_o judgement_n import_n so_o much_o viz._n gules_a ten_o besant_n 432._o and_o 1_o a_o canton_n ermine_n encircle_v with_o a_o girdle_n of_o st._n francis_n to_o show_v his_o order_n 54_o john_n wellys_n be_v likewise_o a_o minorite_n and_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n 55_o nicholas_n ashbie_n prior_n of_o westminster_n 56_o john_n hunden_n a_o minorite_n doctor_n of_o divinity_n and_o prior_n of_o king_n langley_n 57_o john_n martial_n doctor_n of_o divinity_n sometime_o fellow_n of_o merton_n college_n in_o oxford_n be_v consecrate_v 1479_o and_o be_v i_o take_v it_o translate_v to_o london_n the_o year_n 1489._o 58_o john_n ingleby_n sometime_o prior_n of_o sheen_n a_o carthusian_n 59_o john_n smith_n doctor_n of_o divinity_n die_v october_n 16_o 1511._o and_o be_v bury_v at_o christ-church_n in_o london_n in_o the_o chapel_n of_o all-saint_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o altar_n 60_o miles_n salley_n sometime_o almoner_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o abington_n and_o afterward_o abbot_n of_o eynsham_n 61_o george_n de_fw-fr attigna_fw-la a_o spaniard_n a_o friar_n preacher_n and_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n be_v consecrate_v march_v the_o 8_o 1516._o 62_o robert_n holgate_n doctor_n of_o divinity_n be_v consecrate_v march_v the_o 25_o 1537._o and_o 1544_o be_v translate_v to_o york_n 63_o anthony_n kitchen_n alias_o dunstan_n doctor_n of_o divinity_n and_o sometime_o abbot_n of_o eynsham_n be_v consecrate_v may_v 3_o 1545._o and_o endure_v all_o the_o tempestuous_a change_n that_o happen_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n continue_v till_o the_o five_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o then_o die_v and_o high_a time_n have_v first_o so_o impoverish_v the_o bishopric_n by_o unreasonable_a demise_n of_o whatsoever_o be_v demiseable_a that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a cause_n he_o shall_v live_v any_o long_o he_o be_v call_v kitchen_n though_o he_o may_v have_v rather_o be_v call_v schullian_n yet_o indeed_o he_o make_v his_o church_n a_o kitchen_n and_o like_o a_o schullian_n sweep_v all_o away_o leave_v poor_a daff_n without_o lan_n or_o land_n sedes_fw-la vacabat_fw-la annos_fw-la 3._o 64_o hugh_n jones_n bachelor_n of_o law_n be_v make_v bishop_n may_v the_o 5_o 1556._o 65_o william_n blethyn_n bachelor_n of_o law_n be_v appoint_v bishop_n april_n the_o 17_o 1575._o i_o observe_v few_o family_n spring_v from_o bishop_n to_o prosper_v or_o continue_v long_o yet_o such_o as_o do_v in_o my_o judgement_n shall_v not_o be_v so_o averse_a as_o to_o eradicate_v all_o spiritual_a function_n 66_o gervage_a babington_n doctor_n of_o divinity_n be_v place_v in_o that_o see_v aug._n 29_o 1591._o from_o thence_o translate_v to_o exeter_n and_o after_o to_z worcester_z 67_o william_n morgan_n doctor_n in_o divinity_n be_v appoint_v
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of_o other_o rees_n the_o son_n of_o gruffith_n ap_fw-mi rees_n who_o be_v heir_n to_o prince_n rees_n see_v he_o can_v have_v no_o part_n of_o his_o father_n land_n but_o that_o his_o uncle_n do_v keep_v all_o from_o he_o by_o force_n make_v his_o complaint_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n pity_v his_o estate_n send_v to_o foulk_n viscount_n of_o caerdyf_n and_o to_o the_o steward_n of_o hereford_n command_v they_o to_o take_v all_o stratywy_a from_o rees_n vachan_n who_o other_o call_v rees_n gryc_a unless_o he_o will_v let_v his_o nephew_n enjoy_v the_o castle_n of_o lanymdhfry_n with_o the_o territory_n belong_v thereunto_o and_o they_o send_v to_o rees_n to_o know_v his_o resolution_n who_o answer_v they_o stout_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o have_v one_o foot_n of_o land_n of_o he_o therefore_o foulk_n gather_v a_o great_a army_n together_o and_o meet_v with_o young_a rees_n at_o talhwynelgain_o where_o he_o look_v for_o he_o with_o a_o number_n of_o man_n that_o he_o have_v get_v in_o brecon_n and_o thence_o they_o march_v in_o three_o battle_n towards_o dynevowr_n of_o which_o young_a rees_n have_v the_o lead_n of_o the_o first_o foulk_n the_o second_o and_o owen_n brother_n to_o rees_n the_o three_o rees_n vachan_n notwithstanding_o come_v bold_o to_o give_v they_o battle_n where_o in_o the_o end_n he_o be_v put_v to_o flight_n with_o great_a loss_n of_o his_o man_n whereupon_o he_o go_v immediate_o and_o man_v the_o castle_n of_o dynevowr_n and_o set_v fire_n to_o the_o town_n of_o lhandeilo_n vawr_n keep_v himself_o in_o the_o wild_a and_o rough_a place_n his_o enemy_n see_v this_o besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o dynevour_n and_o at_o the_o first_o assault_n they_o win_v the_o first_o ward_n so_o that_o they_o of_o the_o garrison_n be_v compel_v to_o take_v the_o koxe_n for_o their_o defence_n which_o they_o manful_o defend_v but_o the_o assailiants_n make_v engine_n to_o cast_v stone_n of_o great_a bigness_n and_o begin_v to_o undermine_v the_o wall_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o captain_n fall_v to_o that_o composition_n that_o if_o he_o be_v not_o succour_v by_o the_o next_o day_n at_o noon_n he_o will_v deliver_v up_o the_o castle_n upon_o condition_n that_o all_o his_o man_n may_v depart_v with_o their_o armour_n and_o weapon_n and_o so_o they_o do_v for_o they_o have_v no_o relief_n afterward_o they_o bring_v the_o cantref_n maur_n under_o subjection_n which_o cause_v rees_n vachan_n to_o remove_v his_o wife_n and_o child_n to_o his_o brother_n country_n and_o leave_v the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhfry_n well_o fortify_v and_o man_v after_o the_o departure_n of_o fulke_n young_a rees_n come_v with_o a_o army_n of_o welshman_n and_o norman_n to_o lhanymdhfri_n but_o before_o they_o be_v encamp_v the_o captain_n deliver_v up_o the_o castle_n and_o the_o garrison_n depart_v their_o life_n grant_v and_o short_o after_o rees_n vachan_n be_v take_v at_o caermarthyn_n and_o commit_v to_o the_o king_n prison_n at_o this_o time_n prince_n lhewelyn_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o dyganwy_n and_o ruthlan_n &_o win_v they_o both_o so_o that_o he_o leave_v the_o king_n neither_o hold_n nor_o castle_n within_o his_o land_n after_o this_o fortunate_a success_n and_o happy_a attempt_n lhewelyn_n in_o the_o head_n of_o a_o gallant_a army_n march_v to_o shrewsbury_n which_o town_n and_o castle_n be_v deliver_v unto_o he_o without_o any_o resistance_n and_o there_o he_o remain_v a_o while_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n giles_n de_fw-fr bruse_n the_o son_n of_o william_n de_fw-fr bruse_n a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n and_o nobility_n be_v consecrate_v bishop_n of_o hereford_n hereford_n godwin_n in_o hereford_n sept._n the_o 24_o 1200._o in_o the_o baron_n war_n he_o take_v part_n with_o they_o against_o the_o king_n and_o at_o last_o be_v fain_o to_o fly_v the_o land_n afterward_o be_v
convenit_fw-la inter_fw-la dominum_fw-la hen._n 3._o regem_fw-la anglorum_fw-la illustrem_fw-la ex_fw-la una_fw-la parte_fw-la &_o senenam_fw-la vxorem_fw-la griffini_n silij_fw-la leolini_n quondam_a principis_fw-la northwalliae_a quem_fw-la david_n frater_fw-la ejus_fw-la tenet_fw-la carceri_fw-la mancipation_n cum_fw-la owino_fw-la silio_fw-la sao_fw-la nomine_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la gruffini_fw-la ex_fw-la altera_fw-la etc._n etc._n article_n of_o agreement_n between_o hen._n 3._o king_n of_o eng._n on_o the_o one_o party_n and_o senena_n the_o wife_n of_o gruffith_n the_o son_n of_o lhewelyn_n sometime_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n who_o david_n his_o brother_n detain_v in_o prison_n with_o owen_n his_o son_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o say_v gruffith_n on_o the_o other_o party_n i._o inprimis_fw-la the_o say_v senena_n undertake_v that_o the_o say_v gruffith_n her_o husband_n will_v give_v unto_o the_o king_n six_o hundred_o mark_n upon_o condition_n that_o the_o king_n do_v cause_n the_o say_v griffith_n and_o owen_n his_o son_n to_o be_v deliver_v from_o prison_n wherein_o they_o be_v keep_v and_o will_v stand_v at_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n court_n whether_o by_o law_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v imprison_v or_o no._n ii_o item_n the_o say_v gruffith_n and_o his_o heir_n will_v stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n court_n for_o and_o concern_v that_o portion_n of_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o say_v lhewelyn_n his_o father_n which_o of_o right_a aught_o to_o pertain_v unto_o he_o iii_o item_n the_o say_v senena_n undertake_v for_o the_o say_v gruffith_n and_o his_o heir_n that_o the_o say_v gruffith_n and_o his_o heir_n shall_v yield_v and_o pay_v yearly_a to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o same_o land_n the_o sum_n of_o 300_o hundred_o mark_n whereof_o the_o first_o three_o part_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o money_n the_o second_o in_o kine_n and_o the_o three_o in_o horse_n by_o the_o estimation_n of_o indifferent_a man_n and_o the_o same_o to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o at_o michaelmass_n and_o easter_n by_o even_a portion_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n of_o salop_n for_o the_o time_n be_v iv_o item_n the_o say_v senena_n undertake_v further_a for_o the_o say_v gruffith_n and_o his_o heir_n that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o shall_v observe_v the_o peace_n against_o the_o say_a david_n and_o suffer_v he_o quiet_o to_o enjoy_v such_o portion_n of_o his_o father_n inheritance_n as_o to_o he_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o be_v due_a v._o item_n the_o say_v senena_n do_v further_o undertake_v for_o the_o say_v gruffith_n her_o husband_n his_o heir_n that_o in_o case_n any_o welshman_n hereafter_o shall_v happen_v to_o rebel_v against_o the_o king_n that_o they_o at_o their_o own_o cost_n and_o charge_n shall_v compel_v the_o say_a offender_n to_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o king_n for_o his_o disobedience_n vi_o item_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o premise_n the_o say_a senena_n will_v deliver_v unto_o the_o lord_n the_o king_n david_n and_o roderike_n her_o son_n for_o pledge_n who_o promise_v that_o if_o the_o say_v gruffith_n and_o owen_n or_o either_o of_o they_o shall_v happen_v to_o die_v before_o their_o delivery_n out_o of_o prison_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o say_v senena_n to_o have_v one_o of_o her_o son_n release_v the_o other_o remain_v with_o the_o king_n for_o pledge_n vii_o item_n the_o say_v senena_n have_v swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n that_o the_o say_v gruffith_n her_o husband_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o every_o of_o they_o shall_v accomplish_v and_o perform_v all_o the_o premise_n on_o their_o behalf_n and_o further_o undertake_v that_o the_o say_v gruffith_n her_o husband_n upon_o his_o delivery_n out_o of_o prison_n shall_v take_v the_o same_o oath_n viii_o item_n the_o say_v senena_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o say_v gruffith_n her_o husband_n submit_v herself_o concern_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o premise_n unto_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o reverend_a father_n the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n and_o lichfield_n so_o that_o the_o say_v bishop_n or_o either_o of_o they_o at_o the_o king_n request_n shall_v compel_v the_o say_a gruffith_n and_o his_o heir_n to_o observe_v all_o and_o singular_a the_o premise_n on_o their_o behalf_n by_o sentence_n of_o excommunication_n upon_o their_o person_n and_o interdiction_n upon_o their_o land_n ix_o and_o last_o the_o say_v senena_n do_v undertake_v &_o promise_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la to_o see_v &_o procure_v the_o full_a performance_n of_o all_o the_o premise_n and_o that_o the_o say_v gruffith_n her_o husband_n and_o his_o heir_n shall_v allow_v and_o perform_v the_o same_o and_o thereof_o shall_v deliver_v his_o instrument_n in_o write_v to_o the_o king_n in_o form_n aforesaid_a to_o this_o charter_n both_o party_n put_v their_o seal_n gruffith_n and_o senena_n to_o that_o part_n which_o remain_v with_o the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n to_o that_o part_n which_o remain_v with_o senena_n moreover_o for_o the_o sure_a performance_n of_o these_o arricles_n the_o say_a senena_n for_o and_o in_o the_o name_n of_o her_o husband_n put_v in_o for_o pledge_n the_o aforesaid_a noble_a man_n to_o wit_n ralph_n mortimer_n walter_z clifford_z roger_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi etc._n etc._n who_o bind_v themselves_o by_o their_o several_a writing_n obligatory_a to_o the_o king_n in_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o follow_v omnibus_fw-la hoc_fw-la scriptum_fw-la visaris_fw-la rogerus_fw-la de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi senescallus_fw-la cestriae_fw-la salutem_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o all_o and_o singular_a to_o who_o this_o writing_n shall_v come_v roger_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi steward_n of_o chester_n send_v greeting_n know_v you_o that_o i_o have_v constitute_v myself_o pledge_n for_o senena_n the_o wife_n of_o gruffith_n the_o son_n of_o lhewelin_n sometime_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o have_v undertake_v for_o she_o to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n henry_n of_o england_n that_o the_o say_v senena_n shall_v accomplish_v and_o perform_v all_o and_o singular_a those_o covenant_n and_o article_n agree_v upon_o between_o our_o say_a sovereign_a lord_n and_o the_o say_v senena_n for_o and_o concern_v the_o deliverance_n of_o the_o say_v gruffith_n her_o husband_n and_n owen_n his_o son_n out_o of_o the_o prison_n of_o david_n his_o brother_n and_o the_o portion_n of_o inheritance_n due_a unto_o the_o say_v gruffith_n which_o the_o say_v david_n keep_v from_o he_o by_o force_n in_o witness_v whereof_o to_o this_o present_a writing_n i_o have_v put_v to_o my_o seal_n date_v at_o salop_n the_o monday_n before_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o assumption_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n mary_n in_o the_o 25_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o say_v king_n the_o like_a charter_n be_v make_v by_o every_o one_o of_o the_o other_o noble_a man_n pledge_n who_o bind_v themselves_o with_o the_o like_a word_n further_o such_o of_o the_o say_a lord_n as_o favour_a gruffiths_n cause_n be_v out_o among_o themselves_o and_o be_v now_o make_v friend_n as_o morgan_z ap_fw-mi howel_n lord_n of_o kery_n and_o sr._n ralph_n mortimer_n who_o before_o be_v at_o variance_n whereupon_o david_n be_v drive_v to_o extremity_n have_v most_o of_o the_o nobility_n against_o he_o especial_o gruffith_n ap_fw-mi madoc_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n favour_v he_o not_o who_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a wisdom_n and_o power_n be_v entire_o belove_v of_o the_o king_n again_o the_o sentence_n of_o excommunication_n and_o the_o interdiction_n of_o his_o land_n do_v not_o a_o little_a vex_v he_o but_o the_o king_n presence_n with_o so_o puissant_a a_o army_n do_v so_o move_v his_o spirit_n that_o he_o can_v not_o be_v quiet_a till_o he_o have_v send_v to_o the_o king_n to_o desire_v peace_n with_o this_o submission_n follow_v the_o charter_n of_o the_o article_n of_o david_n submission_n to_o the_o king_n omnibus_fw-la christi_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la ad_fw-la quos_fw-la praesentes_fw-la literae_fw-la pervenerint_fw-la david_n filius_fw-la leolini_n salutem_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o all_o christian_a people_n to_o who_o these_o present_a letter_n shall_v come_v david_n the_o son_n of_o lhewelin_n send_v greeting_n know_v you_o that_o i_o have_v grant_v and_o promise_v to_o deliver_v unto_o lord_n henry_n the_o noble_a king_n of_o england_n gruffith_n my_o brother_n with_o his_o son_n and_o heir_n who_o i_o keep_v in_o in_o prison_n and_o all_o other_o prisoner_n who_o by_o occasion_n of_o the_o say_v gruffith_n lie_v in_o durance_n item_n i_o shall_v stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n court_n as_o well_o in_o that_o case_n whether_o the_o say_v gruffith_n ought_v to_o be_v detain_v prisoner_n or_o no_o as_o also_o for_o and_o concern_v the_o part_n of_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o say_v lhewelin_n my_o father_n claim_v by_o the_o say_v gruffith_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n so_o that_o the_o peace_n be_v maintain_v between_o i_o and_o the_o
there_o arise_v a_o great_a debate_n between_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n for_o owen_n can_v not_o be_v content_a with_o half_a the_o principality_n but_o get_v his_o young_a brother_n david_n unto_o he_o catch_n all_o cover_n all_o lose_a or_o harm_v watch_v harm_n catch_n and_o they_o two_o levy_v a_o army_n to_o disinherit_v lhewelin_n who_o with_o his_o man_n meet_v with_o they_o in_o the_o field_n and_o after_o a_o long_a fight_n give_v they_o a_o overthrow_n where_o he_o take_v they_o both_o prisoner_n and_o then_o seize_v all_o their_o land_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n enjoy_v alone_o the_o whole_a principality_n of_o wales_n the_o year_n ensue_v all_o the_o lord_n come_v to_o prince_n lhewelin_n and_o make_v their_o complaint_n to_o he_o with_o weep_a eye_n how_o cruel_o they_o be_v handle_v by_o prince_n edward_n and_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n their_o land_n be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o force_n and_o if_o at_o any_o time_n they_o do_v offend_v they_o be_v punish_v with_o extremity_n but_o where_o they_o be_v wrong_v they_o find_v no_o remedy_n therefore_o they_o protest_v before_o god_n and_o he_o welsh_a a_o gallant_a re-sold_a on_o of_o the_o welsh_a that_o they_o will_v rather_o die_v in_o the_o field_n in_o defence_n of_o their_o right_n then_o to_o be_v make_v slave_n by_o stranger_n whereupon_o the_o prince_n pity_v both_o his_o own_o estate_n and_o they_o determine_v together_o utter_o with_o they_o to_o refuse_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o englishman_n rather_o to_o die_v in_o liberty_n then_o to_o live_v in_o thraldom_n shame_n and_o opprobry_n and_o gather_v all_o his_o power_n first_o recover_v again_o all_o the_o inland_a country_n of_o north-wales_n and_o afterward_o all_o merionith_n and_o such_o land_n as_o edward_n have_v usurp_v in_o caerdigan_n which_o he_o give_v to_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffith_n prince_n a_o heroic_a prince_n and_o buelht_v he_o give_v to_o meredyth_n ap_fw-mi rees_n chase_v away_o rees_n vachan_n out_o or_o the_o same_o and_o so_o honourable_o divide_v all_o that_o he_o win_v among_o his_o baron_n that_o he_o keep_v nothing_o to_o himself_o but_o a_o perpetual_a fame_n of_o his_o liberality_n then_o also_o he_o recover_v gwerthryneon_n from_o sr._n roger_n mortimer_n the_o summer_n follow_v prince_n lhewelin_n make_v war_n against_o gruffith_n ap_fw-mi gwenwinwin_n who_o serve_v the_o king_n and_o win_v all_o powis_n from_o he_o save_v the_o castle_n of_o pole_n and_o a_o little_a of_o caerneon_n and_o land_v by_o severne_n side_n rees_n vachan_n ap_fw-mi rees_n mechylh_n meaning_n to_o recover_v his_o land_n again_o battle_n a_o bloody_a battle_n obtain_v of_o the_o king_n a_o great_a army_n whereof_o one_o stephen_n bacon_n be_v captain_n and_o come_v to_o caermarthin_n by_o sea_n and_o march_v from_o thence_o towards_o dynevowr_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n overthrow_v the_o english_a overthrow_v but_o the_o princess_n power_n come_v with_o his_o cousin_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n where_o there_o be_v fight_v a_o bloody_a battle_n as_o ever_o have_v be_v in_o wales_n of_o so_o many_o man_n and_o in_o the_o end_n the_o englishman_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n and_o lose_v of_o their_o man_n above_o 2000_o soldier_n from_o thence_o the_o prince_n army_n go_v to_o dynet_n and_o burn_v all_o the_o country_n and_o destroy_v the_o the_o castle_n of_o abercorran_n lhanstephan_n maenclochoc_n victorious_a the_o welsh_a victorious_a and_o aberth_n and_o then_o return_v home_o with_o much_o spoil_n and_o forthwith_o not_o be_v able_a to_o abide_v the_o wrong_n which_o greffry_n lanley_n lieutenant_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n do_v to_o they_o man_n m._n par._n p_o 1251_o tho._n walsh_n hypodigma_fw-la p._n 61._o brave-spirited_n man_n the_o prince_n enter_v the_o earl_n land_n and_o destroy_v all_o to_o the_o gate_n of_o chester_n on_o either_o side_n the_o water_n whereupon_o edward_n the_o earl_n flee_v to_o his_o uncle_n who_o be_v then_o choose_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n for_o succour_v and_o return_v back_o with_o a_o army_n dare_v not_o fight_v with_o the_o prince_n who_o have_v 10000_o arm_a man_n every_o one_o swear_v to_o die_v in_o the_o field_n if_o need_v requre_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n 1253_o a_o judas_n among_o his_o countryman_n m._n par._n p._n 1253_o yet_o griffith_z ap_fw-mi madoc_n maelor_n common_o surname_v lord_n of_o dynas_n bran_n which_o be_v a_o castle_n stand_v upon_o a_o very_a high_a mountain_n of_o situation_n impregnable_a in_o the_o lordship_n of_o chirk_n forsake_v the_o prince_n and_o serve_v the_o earl_n with_o all_o his_o power_n which_o earl_n be_v count_v a_o cruel_a and_o unjust_a man_n have_v no_o regard_n to_o right_a promise_n or_o oath_n 277._o mat._n west_n p._n 277._o the_o next_o year_n prince_n lhewelyn_n seize_v into_o his_o hand_n cymey_n and_o make_v peace_n between_o rees_n gâ—yc_a and_o rees_n vachan_n his_o brother_n son_n get_v the_o castle_n of_o trefdraeth_n or_o newport_n with_o all_o ros_n chief_a a_o â—ust_z punishment_n for_o a_o traitor_n o_o his_o country_n oâ—_n three_o not_o catch_v with_o chief_a save_v hanerford_n then_o destroy_v the_o country_n in_o his_o way_n towards_o glamorgan_n he_o raise_v the_o castle_n of_o lhangymwch_n and_o return_v to_o north-wales_n meet_v with_o edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n by_o the_o way_n who_o he_o cause_v to_o retire_v back_o and_o then_o destroy_v the_o land_n of_o the_o say_v gruffith_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n therefore_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o almain_n write_v to_o he_o gentle_o to_o depart_v home_o which_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v but_o devide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o battle_n in_o every_o of_o which_o as_o matthew_n paris_n say_v there_o be_v 1500._o 1279._o mat._n par._n fol._n 12â—8_n the_o welsh_a beat_v the_o irish_a at_o sea_n mat._n par._n fol._n 1271._o a_o prudent_a and_o politic_a prince_n king_n hen._n unfortunate_a in_o his_o undertake_n against_o wales_n mat._n paris_n fol._n 12â—5_n english_a almain_n gascoâ—nes_n and_o irish_a against_o wales_n mat._n paris_n fol._n 1274_o &_o 1279._o footman_n and_o 500_o horseman_n well_o appoint_v whereupon_o edward_n send_v to_o the_o irishman_n to_o come_v to_o he_o to_o his_o succour_n whereof_o the_o prince_n be_v certify_v make_v ready_a his_o bishop_n and_o send_v they_o to_o sea_n with_o sufficient_a power_n to_o resist_v the_o come_n of_o his_o enemy_n that_o way_n prevent_v he_o so_o that_o the_o irish_a be_v overcome_v and_o send_v home_o with_o great_a loss_n wherefore_o the_o king_n with_o his_o son_n be_v in_o a_o great_a rage_n gather_v all_o the_o strength_n of_o england_n from_o st._n michael_n mount_n to_o twede_n and_o come_v to_o north-wales_n as_o far_o as_o tegenwy_n but_o the_o prince_n cause_v all_o the_o victual_n to_o be_v remove_v over_o the_o river_n conwey_n and_o keep_v all_o the_o strait_n and_o passage_n so_o narrow_o that_o the_o king_n be_v compel_v to_o tetire_v to_o england_n with_o great_a loss_n then_o prince_n lhewelyn_n call_v unto_o he_o all_o the_o power_n of_o southwales_n come_v to_o the_o march_n where_o gruffith_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n yield_v himself_o unto_o he_o because_o the_o king_n can_v not_o defend_v his_o land_n and_o seize_v into_o his_o own_o hand_n all_o the_o land_n in_o powis_n he_o banish_v the_o lord_n gruffith_n ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n and_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n where_o also_o he_o give_v the_o english_a man_n a_o overthrow_n and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o worthy_a soldier_n and_o such_o as_o the_o king_n love_v well_o which_o cause_v the_o king_n to_o call_v his_o strength_n unto_o he_o and_o send_v to_o gascoigne_n and_o ireland_n for_o succour_n and_o then_o come_v into_o wales_n in_o harvest_n time_n destroy_v all_o the_o corn_n that_o be_v in_o his_o way_n yet_o he_o go_v not_o far_o beyond_o chester_n but_o return_v back_o without_o do_v any_o notable_a act_n for_o god_n as_o matthew_n paris_n say_v defend_v the_o poor_a people_n that_o put_v their_o whole_a confidence_n in_o he_o the_o lord_n james_n aud_o who_o daughter_n gruffith_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n have_v marry_v bring_v a_o great_a number_n of_o horseman_n from_o almain_n to_o serve_v against_o the_o welshman_n welsh_a god_n the_o protector_n of_o the_o welsh_a who_o with_o their_o great_a horse_n and_o unaccustomed_a kind_n of_o fight_n overthrow_v the_o welshman_n at_o the_o encounter_n wherefore_o the_o welshman_n mind_v short_o after_o to_o revenge_v the_o displeasure_n make_v road_n into_o the_o say_a lord_n audleye_n land_n where_o the_o almain_n set_v upon_o they_o pursue_v hard_o such_o as_o flee_v to_o the_o strait_n who_o use_v that_o flight_n for_o a_o policy_n return_v again_o so_o sudden_o and_o so_o fi_fw-la rce_o upon_o the_o almain_n that_o they_o
people_n for_o county_n nor_o for_o gain_n do_v move_v war_n invade_v not_o man_n land_n but_o defend_v their_o own_o land_n law_n and_o liberty_n and_o that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n of_o inveterated_a hatred_n and_o for_o covetuousnesse_n to_o get_v our_o land_n invade_v the_o same_o move_v war_n we_o therefore_o see_v our_o defence_n be_v just_a and_o lawful_a and_o herein_o we_o trust_v god_n will_v help_v we_o and_o will_v turn_v his_o revenge_n upon_o destroyer_n of_o church_n who_o have_v root_v up_o and_o burn_v church_n and_o take_v out_o both_o all_o sacrament_n and_o sacred_a thing_n from_o they_o kill_v priest_n clerk_n religious_a lame_a dumb_a deaf_a youngling_n suckling_n at_o their_o mother_n pap_n weak_a and_o impotent_a both_o man_n and_o woman_n and_o commit_v all_o other_o enormity_n as_o partly_o it_o appear_v to_o your_o holiness_n wherefore_o god_n forbid_v that_o your_o holiness_n shall_v fulminate_v sentence_n against_o any_o but_o such_o as_o have_v do_v such_o thing_n we_o who_o have_v suffer_v all_o those_o thing_n at_o the_o king_n officer_n hand_n do_v hope_n at_o your_o hand_n remedy_n and_o comfort_n and_o that_o you_o will_v punish_v such_o church_n robber_n and_o killer_n who_o can_v defend_v themselves_o no_o way_n lest_o their_o impunity_n be_v cause_n and_o example_n for_o other_o to_o do_v the_o like_a very_o many_o in_o our_o country_n do_v much_o marvel_n that_o you_o counsel_v we_o to_o leave_v our_o own_o land_n and_o to_o go_v to_o another_o man_n land_n to_o live_v among_o our_o enemy_n for_o see_v we_o can_v have_v peace_n in_o our_o own_o land_n which_o be_v our_o own_o right_n much_o less_o shall_v we_o be_v quiet_a in_o a_o other_o man_n among_o our_o enemy_n and_o though_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o live_v in_o war_n and_o peril_n hard_o it_o be_v to_o be_v utter_o destroy_v and_o bring_v to_o nothing_o especial_o for_o christian_n seek_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o defend_v our_o own_o be_v by_o necessity_n drive_v thereunto_o and_o the_o greedy_a ambition_n of_o our_o enemy_n and_o your_o holiness_n tell_v we_o that_o you_o have_v fulminate_v sentence_n against_o all_o that_o for_o hatred_n or_o gain_n do_v hinder_v the_o peace_n and_o it_o appear_v evident_o who_o do_v war_n for_o those_o cause_n the_o fear_n of_o death_n the_o fear_n of_o imprisonment_n the_o fear_n of_o perpetual_a prison_n the_o fear_n of_o disinherit_n no_o keep_n of_o promise_n covenant_n grant_v or_o charter_n tyrannical_a dominion_n and_o many_o more_o like_a compel_v we_o to_o be_v in_o war_n and_o this_o we_o show_v to_o god_n and_o to_o your_o lordship_n desire_v your_o godly_a and_o charitable_a help_n furthermore_o if_o any_o in_o england_n have_v offend_v the_o king_n as_o many_o do_v offend_v he_o yet_o none_o of_o they_o be_v disinherited_a so_o if_o any_o of_o we_o have_v offend_v the_o king_n let_v he_o be_v punish_v and_o make_v satisfaction_n as_o he_o may_v without_o exhereditate_v as_o we_o trust_v in_o you_o we_o pray_v you_o holy_a father_n to_o labour_v to_o this_o end_n if_o they_o lie_v to_o we_o that_o we_o break_v the_o peace_n it_o appear_v evident_o that_o they_o and_o not_o we_o break_v the_o same_o who_o never_o keep_v promise_n nor_o covenant_n nor_o order_n make_v any_o amends_o for_o trespass_n nor_o remedy_n for_o our_o complaint_n when_o the_o archbishop_n can_v not_o conclude_v a_o peace_n he_o denounce_v the_o prince_n and_o his_o complice_n accurse_v then_o the_o king_n send_v his_o army_n by_o sea_n to_o the_o isle_n of_o môn_n or_o anglesey_n which_o they_o win_v and_o slay_v such_o as_o resist_v they_o for_o the_o chief_a man_n serve_v the_o king_n as_o their_o oath_n be_v so_o they_o come_v over_o against_o bangor_n where_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n call_v mênath_n enemy_n spaniard_n scot_n and_o gescoynes_n german_n norman_n and_o english_a all_o concur_v against_o the_o welsh_a quantae_fw-la molis_fw-la erat_fw-la britannam_n perdere_fw-la gentem_fw-la gramercy_o horse_n the_o welsh_a rout_n their_o enemy_n which_o divide_v the_o isle_n from_o the_o main_a land_n be_v narrow_a and_o the_o place_n call_v moe_o donn_n and_o there_o make_v a_o bridge_n of_o boat_n and_o plank_n over_o the_o water_n where_o before_o julius_n agricola_n do_v the_o like_a when_o he_o subdue_v the_o isle_n to_o the_o roman_n and_o not_o betwixt_o man_n and_o britain_n as_o polidore_n virgil_n ignorant_o affirm_v this_o bridge_n be_v accomplish_v so_o that_o threescore_o man_n may_v well_o pass_v over_o in_o a_o front_n william_n latimer_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o best_a soldier_n and_o lucas_n thany_n steward_n of_o gascon_a with_o his_o gascoynes_n and_o spaniard_n whereof_o a_o great_a number_n be_v come_v to_o serve_v the_o king_n pass_v over_o the_o bridge_n and_o there_o see_v no_o appearance_n of_o enemy_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o sea_n begin_v to_o flow_v down_o come_v the_o welshman_n from_o the_o hill_n and_o set_v upon_o they_o fierce_o and_o either_o slay_v or_o chase_v they_o to_o the_o sea_n to_o drown_v themselves_o for_o the_o water_n be_v so_o high_a that_o they_o can_v not_o attain_v the_o bridge_n save_v william_n latimer_n alone_a who_o horse_n carry_v he_o to_o the_o bridge_n and_o so_o he_o escape_v there_o be_v slay_v and_o drown_v at_o this_o time_n many_o worthy_a soldier_n and_o among_o other_o that_o famous_a knight_n sr._n lucas_n thany_n robert_n clifford_n sr._n william_n lindsey_n and_o two_o gentleman_n of_o good_a account_n that_o be_v brethren_n to_o robert_n burnel_n then_o bishop_n of_o bath_n there_o perish_v in_o all_o thirteen_o knight_n welsh_a haul_v p._n 791._o tho._n walsh_n p._n 11._o chro._n dunst_n the_o k._n of_o eng._n hard_o put_v to_o it_o by_o the_o valiant_a welsh_a 17._o young_a gentleman_n and_o to_o the_o number_n of_o 200_o footman_n which_o happen_v upon_o st._n leonard_n day_n thomas_n walsingham_n write_v that_o the_o king_n lose_v in_o this_o voyage_n a_o 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come_v to_o buelht_n think_v to_o remain_v their_o quiet_o for_o a_o while_n and_o by_o chance_n as_o he_o come_v by_o the_o water_n why_o there_o be_v edmund_n mortimer_n and_o john_n gifford_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o soldier_n and_o either_o party_n be_v abash_v of_o other_o edmund_z mortimer_n man_n be_v of_o that_o country_n for_o his_o father_n be_v lord_n thereof_o then_o the_o prince_n depart_v from_o his_o man_n and_o go_v to_o the_o valley_n with_o his_o esquire_n alone_o to_o talk_v with_o certain_a lord_n of_o the_o country_n who_o have_v promise_v to_o meet_v he_o there_o then_o some_o of_o his_o man_n see_v the_o enemy_n come_v down_o from_o the_o hill_n keep_v the_o bridge_n call_v pont_n orewyn_n and_o defend_v the_o passage_n manful_o till_o one_o declare_v to_o the_o englishman_n where_o a_o ford_n be_v a_o little_a below_o through_o the_o which_o they_o send_v a_o number_n of_o their_o man_n with_o helias_n walwyn_n who_o sudden_o fall_v upon_o they_o that_o defend_v the_o bridge_n in_o their_o back_n and_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n the_o prince_n esquire_n tell_v the_o prince_n as_o he_o stand_v secret_o expect_v the_o come_n of_o such_o as_o promise_v to_o meet_v he_o in_o a_o little_a grove_n that_o he_o hear_v a_o great_a noise_n &_o cry_v at_o the_o bridge_n wales_n p._n lhewelyn_n slay_v &_o with_o he_o the_o glory_n of_o wales_n and_o the_o prince_n ask_v whether_o his_o man_n have_v take_v the_o bridge_n and_o he_o say_v yes_o then_o say_v the_o prince_n i_o pass_v not_o if_o all_o the_o power_n of_o england_n be_v upon_o the_o other_o side_n but_o sudden_o behold_v the_o horseman_n about_o the_o grove_n and_o as_o he_o will_v have_v escape_v unto_o his_o man_n they_o pursue_v he_o so_o hard_o that_o one_o adam_n francton_n run_v he_o through_o with_o
a_o staff_n be_v unarm_v and_o know_v he_o not_o and_o his_o man_n be_v but_o a_o few_o stand_v and_o fight_v bold_o ever_o look_v for_o their_o prince_n till_o the_o englishman_n by_o force_n of_o archer_n mix_v with_o the_o horseman_n win_v the_o hill_n and_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n and_o as_o they_o return_v francton_n go_v to_o spoil_v he_o who_o he_o have_v slay_v and_o when_o he_o see_v his_o face_n he_o know_v he_o very_o well_o and_o strike_v off_o his_o head_n and_o send_v it_o to_o the_o king_n at_o the_o abbey_n of_o conwey_n who_o receive_v it_o with_o great_a joy_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v set_v upon_o one_o of_o the_o high_a turret_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n this_o be_v the_o end_n of_o lhewelyn_n betray_v by_o the_o man_n of_o buelht_n who_o be_v the_o last_o prince_n of_o the_o britain_n blood_n who_o bare_a dominion_n and_o rule_n in_o wales_n so_o that_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o the_o britain_n over_o continue_a in_o some_o place_n of_o britain_n from_o the_o first_o come_v of_o brutus_n 374._o mr._n powel_n fol_z 374._o which_o be_v as_o mr._n powel_n say_v in_o the_o year_n before_o christ_n incarnation_n 1136._o to_o the_o year_n after_o christ_n 1282_o by_o the_o space_n of_o 2418._o year_n vulgus_fw-la varium_fw-la &_o mutabile_fw-la semper_fw-la vulgus_fw-la short_o after_o that_o the_o king_n have_v bring_v all_o the_o country_n under_o his_o subjection_n the_o country_n man_n themselves_o bring_v to_o he_o david_n the_o princess_n brother_n who_o he_o keep_v in_o ruthlan_n castle_n and_o after_o put_v he_o to_o death_n at_o shrewsbury_n then_o the_o king_n build_v two_o strong_a castle_n in_o north-wales_n i._n conwey_n and_o carnarvan_n castle_n build_v by_o k._n edw_n i._n the_o one_o at_o conwey_n and_o the_o other_o at_o caernarvon_n when_o rees_n vachan_n hear_v how_o all_o thing_n go_v he_o yield_v himself_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o hereford_n who_o at_o the_o king_n commandment_n send_v he_o to_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n to_o be_v imprison_v there_o and_o so_o the_o king_n pass_v through_o all_o wales_n and_o subject_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n 310._o mr._n mill_n fol._n 310._o two_o religious_a man_n the_o one_o a_o welshman_n the_o other_o a_o englishman_n have_v write_v late_o in_o verse_n in_o praise_n and_o dispraise_v of_o this_o lhewelyn_n not_o unworthy_a to_o be_v remember_v the_o substance_n whereof_o be_v this_o the_o welshman_n thus_o the_o englishman_n thus_o here_o lie_v he_o that_o terrifi_v the_o english_a man_n and_o wales_n he_o do_v as_o valiant_o defend_v lhewelyn_n the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n the_o bulwark_n the_o jewel_n of_o his_o time_n a_o flower_n of_o king_n past_a a_o pattern_n of_o future_a age_n the_o captain_n the_o light_n the_o beauty_n and_o law_n of_o the_o people_n here_o lie_v the_o prince_n of_o error_n the_o spoil_n of_o man_n traitor_n to_o england_n bright_a firebrand_n of_o the_o guilty_a the_o welshman_n god_n a_o traitor_n captain_n and_o death_n of_o the_o godly_a the_o scum_n of_o trojan_n a_o lie_a stock_n and_o cause_n of_o much_o mischief_n his_o issue_n katherine_n lackland_n or_o without_o land_n marry_v to_o malcome_n earl_n of_o fyke_n in_o scotland_n madoc_n be_v his_o bastard_n son_n who_o in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o k._n edward_n i._o raise_v war_n in_o north-wales_n but_o where_o the_o king_n come_v he_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o beaumarish_n and_o cut_v down_o there_o wood_n which_o yield_v they_o succour_v and_o refuge_n in_o time_n of_o war_n he_o fortify_v the_o castle_n about_o the_o sea_n coast_n short_o after_o he_o be_v take_v &_o from_o that_o time_n the_o welshman_n cease_v to_o make_v war_n and_o the_o king_n give_v to_o his_o elder_a son_n the_o principality_n of_o wales_n and_o with_o it_o the_o earldom_n of_o chester_n the_o four_o book_n of_o the_o ancient_a &_o modern_a british_a and_o welsh_z history_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a sir_n piercy_n herbert_n lord_n powis_n edward_z herbert_z baron_n of_o cherbery_n in_o england_n and_o castle-iland_n in_o ireland_n sir_n charles_n somerset_z knight_n of_o the_o bath_n and_o son_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a edward_n earl_n of_o worcester_n sir_n edward_z stradling_n alias_o esterling_n of_o st._n donat_n baronet_n sir_n edward_z morgan_z of_o lantarnam_n baronet_n sir_n trevor_n williams_z of_o langibbie_n com_n mon_n baronet_n william_n lewes_n of_o the_o van_n esq_n richard_n lewes_n of_o edigton_n esq_n thomas_n morgan_n of_o maughan_n esq_n the_o lord_n powis_n sir_n edward_z herbert_z of_o red-castle_n montgomeryshire_n descend_v lineal_o from_o british_a progenitor_n as_o in_o the_o geneology_n of_o the_o e._n of_o pembrock_n large_o appear_v sir_n william_n herbert_n create_v lord_n powis_n elinor_n daughter_n to_o henry_n earl_n of_o northumberland_n by_o which_o match_n this_o honourable_a family_n descend_v from_o the_o british_a line_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o genealogy_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n sir_n piercy_n herbert_n lord_n powis_n sister_n to_o the_o lord_n craven_n william_n herbert_n esq_n heir_n apparent_a elizabeth_z daughter_n to_o edward_n marquesse_n of_o worcester_n by_o which_o the_o british_a blood_n be_v again_o renew_v and_o conjoin_v as_o appear_v in_o the_o pedigree_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o worcester_n the_o lord_n herbert_n baron_n of_o cherbery_n and_o castle-iland_n edward_n lord_n herbert_n of_o cherbery_n anne_n daughter_n of_o sir_n thomas_n middleton_n of_o cherck_n castle_n descend_v ancient_o from_o british_a noble_a progenitor_n richard_n lord_n herbert_n etc._n etc._n marry_o daughter_n to_o john_n egerton_n earl_n of_o bridgewater_n by_o which_o match_n the_o honourable_a family_n be_v link_v into_o the_o british_a blood_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o genealogy_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o bridgewater_n edward_n lord_n herbert_n etc._n etc._n marry_o daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o sir_n william_n herbert_n of_o st._n julian_n come_v monmoth_n here_o take_v natice_n that_o these_o two_o honourable_a family_n both_o male_a and_o female_a by_o a_o long_a continue_a series_n and_o genealogy_n descend_v from_o noble_a and_o princely_a british_a progenitor_n the_o first_o whereof_o herbert_n lord_n of_o the_o forest_n of_o dean_n marry_v lucy_n daughter_n and_o coheir_n of_o milo_n earl_n of_o hereford_n who_o marry_v sibil_n daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o bernard_n newmarsh_n lord_n of_o brecon_n and_o his_o wife_n nest_n daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o griffith_n ap_fw-mi llewellin_n prince_n of_o southwales_n the_o first_o of_o this_o family_n who_o settle_v in_o wales_n be_v peter_n ap_fw-mi herbert_n who_o marry_v alice_n daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o blethin_n broadspear_n he_o be_v lord_n of_o llanthloell_n in_o monmouthshire_n and_o beachley_n in_o glocestershire_n and_o from_o this_o branch_n be_v spring_v the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n and_o huntingdon_n the_o marquis_n of_o worcester_n the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n and_o montgomery_n the_o lord_n powis_n and_o several_a noble_a ancient_a and_o mighty_a family_n who_o do_v and_o have_v bear_v several_a honourable_a office_n in_o this_o kingdom_n sir_n charles_n somerset_z of_o troy_n in_o the_o county_n of_o monmouth_n knight_n of_o the_o bath_n sir_n charles_n somerset_z knight_n of_o the_o bath_n at_o the_o creation_n of_o henry_n prince_n of_o wales_n three_o son_n to_o edward_n lord_n herbert_n of_o chepstow_n ragland_n and_o gower_n earl_n of_o worcester_n and_z elizabeth_z daughter_n of_o francis_n hastings_n earl_n of_o huntingdon_n and_o katherine_n his_o wife_n daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o henry_n poole_n lord_n montague_n descend_v from_o the_o british_a line_n marry_v the_o sole_a d_o and_o h_o of_o sir_n william_n powel_n of_o troy_n knight_n extract_v from_o a_o ancient_a and_o long_o continue_a series_n of_o british_a progenitor_n and_o have_v three_o daughter_n and_o coheir_n the_o elder_a marry_v to_o squire_n anderton_n of_o lostock_n com_n lan_n esq_n and_o have_v issue_n male_a the_o other_o two_o as_o yet_o unmarried_a i_o shall_v need_v to_o say_v no_o more_o concern_v the_o extraction_n of_o this_o honourable_a and_o most_o virtuous_a knight_n from_o the_o british_a line_n the_o genealogy_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o worcester_n will_v make_v it_o appear_v only_o i_o shall_v daily_o pray_v that_o almighty_a god_n will_v prolong_v his_o life_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o poor_a and_o at_o his_o departure_n crown_v he_o with_o a_o crown_n of_o glory_n &_o bless_v his_o posterity_n sir_n edward_z stradling_n baronet_n sir_n edward_n esterling_n be_v one_o of_o the_o twelve_o knight_n who_o come_v into_o wales_n for_o the_o subdue_a of_o glamorganshire_n and_o for_o his_o good_a service_n have_v st._n donats_n castle_n and_o manor_n give_v he_o where_o this_o knightly_a and_o noble_a family_n have_v hitherto_o continue_v sir_n john_n esterling_n knight_n sir_n morris_n esterling_n knight_n sir_n robert_n
franchise_n be_v possess_v or_o claim_v by_o any_o person_n or_o person_n and_o which_o be_v to_o be_v seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n and_o of_o all_o escape_n and_o felon_n and_o those_o inquisition_n so_o from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o be_v take_v to_o certify_v into_o the_o chancery_n and_o by_o the_o same_o charter_n give_v he_o power_n to_o substitute_n and_o appoint_v other_o under_o he_o for_o the_o better_a execution_n of_o the_o same_o which_o afterward_o by_o commission_n be_v execute_v according_o and_o the_o say_a king_n also_o by_o his_o charter_n bear_v date_n 14_o junii_fw-la 8_o regni_fw-la make_v and_o constitute_v the_o say_a arthur_n prince_n of_o wales_n and_o governor_n and_o warden_n of_o the_o march_n towards_o scotland_n and_o substitute_v as_o his_o lieutenant_n and_o vice-warden_n under_o he_o thomas_n earl_n of_o surrey_n for_o the_o due_a execution_n thereof_o likewise_o the_o say_a king_n by_o his_o letter_n patent_n date_v 5._o novemb_n 9_o regni_fw-la in_o augmention_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o prince_n do_v grant_v unto_o the_o say_a prince_n the_o honour_n castle_n and_o lordship_n of_o wigmore_n and_o divers_a other_o castle_n manor_n and_o land_n which_o some_o time_n have_v be_v belong_v to_o the_o earldom_n of_o march_n which_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o king_n edward_n the_o iv_o who_o be_v himself_o earl_n of_o march_n before_o he_o assume_v the_o regal_a estate_n to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v during_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n yield_v yearly_o the_o rent_n of_o 200_o l._n p._n a_o council_n assign_v the_o p._n the_o prince_n be_v send_v unto_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n for_o government_n of_o that_o country_n and_o in_o the_o 17_o regni_fw-la henry_n vii_o have_v a_o counsel_n of_o wise_a and_o very_a worthy_a man_n assign_v unto_o he_o as_o namely_o sr._n richard_n pool_n chief_a chamberlain_n of_o the_o say_a prince_n sir_n henry_n vernon_z sir_n richard_z crofts_n sir_n david_n philip_n sir_n william_n vdal_n sir_n thomas_n inglefield_n and_o sir_n peter_n newton_n knight_n john_n wilson_n henry_n marian_n doctor_n william_n smith_n after_o bishop_n of_o lincoln_n where_o he_o be_v bury_v precedent_n of_o the_o council_n and_o doctor_n charles_n where_o not_o long_o afterward_o the_o say_a prince_n die_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o ludlow_n without_o issue_n i_o may_v not_o let_v pass_v what_o mr._n lhoyd_n write_v concern_v sir_n owen_n tuder_n he_o say_v that_o sir_n william_n stanley_n then_o lord_n of_o cromfield_n 391._o mr._n lhoyd_n fol._n 391._o yale_n and_o chirkland_n aid_v henry_n vii_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o welshman_n and_o that_o the_o say_v henry_n know_v and_o pity_v the_o thraldom_n and_o injury_n of_o that_o nation_n from_o who_o he_o descend_v take_v order_n to_o reform_v the_o same_o and_o grant_v unto_o they_o a_o charter_n of_o liberty_n vii_o the_o bondage_n of_o hen._n iu._n take_v from_o the_o welsh_a by_o hen._n vii_o whereby_o they_o be_v release_v of_o that_o oppression_n wherewith_o they_o be_v afflict_v by_o law_n i_o have_v set_v down_o before_o more_o heathenish_a then_o christian_n and_o here_o i_o can_v omit_v but_o some_o thing_n answer_v the_o reproachful_a and_o slanderous_a assertion_n of_o joannes_n bernardus_n pontus_n henlerus_n and_o other_o i_o myself_o have_v see_v a_o manuscript_n where_o he_o be_v call_v a_o shereman_n but_o rather_o ignorant_o i_o hope_v then_o malicious_o who_o go_v about_o to_o abase_v the_o noble_a parentage_n of_o owen_n tuder_n the_o king_n grandfather_n follow_v more_o their_o own_o affection_n than_o any_o good_a proof_n or_o authority_n for_o if_o they_o will_v read_v that_o noble_a work_n of_o matthew_n paris_n they_o shall_v find_v in_o page_n 843._o of_o the_o print_a book_n that_o ednivet_n vachan_n one_o of_o his_o ancestor_n be_v the_o chief_a of_o council_n to_o lhewelin_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n otherwise_o call_v leolenus_n magnus_n and_o to_o david_n ap_fw-mi lhewelin_fw-mi prince_n of_o wales_n as_o formerly_z they_o may_v also_o find_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n in_o a_o 29._o edward_n i._o in_o the_o general_a homage_n do_v to_o prince_n edward_n of_o caernavon_n first_o prince_n of_o wales_n of_o the_o english_a blood_n that_o tuder_n ap_fw-mi grono_n another_o of_o the_o ancestor_n of_o owen_n do_v his_o homage_n among_o the_o noble_n of_o wales_n england_n owen_n tuder_n descend_v from_o the_o k._n of_o england_n as_o appeareth_z in_o the_o say_a record_n further_o the_o say_a owen_n grandmother_n the_o wife_n of_o tuder_n ap_fw-mi grono_n be_v margaret_n the_o daughter_n of_o thomas_n the_o son_n of_o elinor_n which_o be_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o county_n of_o barr_n by_o elinor_n his_o wife_n daughter_n to_o edward_n i._o king_n of_o england_n beside_o all_o this_o there_o be_v a_o commission_n at_o this_o time_n direct_v by_o king_n edward_n vii_o to_o the_o abbot_n of_o lhan_n egwest_n doctor_n owen_n pool_n canon_n 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reign_n he_o send_v john_n voiseie_n bishop_n of_o exeter_n to_o be_v lord_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o the_o say_a princess_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n elizabeth_n elizabeth_z daughter_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o viii_o 394._o mr._n lhoyd_n fol._n 394._o be_v in_o a_o parliament_n begin_v the_o 15_o day_n of_o january_n in_o the_o 25_o regni_fw-la declare_v princess_n and_o inheritrix_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n with_o all_o the_o dominion_n to_o the_o same_o belong_v in_o default_n of_o issue_n male_a of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o say_a king_n henry_n sr._n john_n dodridge_n do_v not_o approve_v of_o king_n edward_n vi_o queen_n mary_n or_o queen_n elizabeth_n to_o have_v be_v prince_n or_o princess_n formal_o for_o he_o say_v there_o can_v be_v find_v any_o charter_n among_o the_o record_n whereby_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o any_o of_o